WO2012050042A1 - レギュレータ、バッテリ充電装置、および、バッテリ充電システム - Google Patents
レギュレータ、バッテリ充電装置、および、バッテリ充電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012050042A1 WO2012050042A1 PCT/JP2011/073084 JP2011073084W WO2012050042A1 WO 2012050042 A1 WO2012050042 A1 WO 2012050042A1 JP 2011073084 W JP2011073084 W JP 2011073084W WO 2012050042 A1 WO2012050042 A1 WO 2012050042A1
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- charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1415—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1469—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field
- H02J7/1492—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
- H02M1/0085—Partially controlled bridges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a regulator that controls charging of a battery by a three-phase AC generator, a battery charging device, and a battery charging system.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a conventional battery charging system 1000A.
- a regulator (see, for example, JP2010-154681A) used in a conventional battery charging system 1000A, for example, outputs the output current of the three-phase AC generator 101 to six diodes D1 during battery charging.
- the battery B is rectified by a rectifier circuit consisting of ⁇ D6 and the battery B is charged.
- the controller CON of the regulator detects the battery voltage and supplies a drive current to the thyristors S1 to S3 connected in parallel with the polarities opposite to those of the diodes D4 to D6, respectively. Turn on S1 to S3.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of the first to third thyristors S1 to S3 of the battery charger shown in FIG.
- This amount of heat is the product of the generator short circuit current and the on-voltages of the thyristors S1 to S3.
- the on-voltage of the thyristors S1 to S3 is, for example, about 1.3V (Vbe of the upper transistor + Vce of the lower transistor). Therefore, when the generator short-circuit current is 10A, heat equivalent to 13W is generated.
- the current flowing between the anode and the cathode of the thyristors S1 to S3 is less than the holding current so that the thyristors S1 to S3 are turned off. A certain turn-off time is necessary to get into the state.
- the frequency of the output of the three-phase AC generator 101 becomes high, and the current flowing between the anode and the cathode of the thyristors S1 to S3 is increased.
- the constant turn-off time cannot be ensured so as to be in a state below the holding current. In this case, the thyristor is not turned off.
- the output of the three-phase AC generator 101 is not charged to the battery B, and problems such as battery exhaustion may occur.
- the regulator according to the prior art has a large power loss, and when the frequency of the output of the three-phase AC generator becomes high, the charging of the battery cannot be controlled appropriately.
- a regulator includes: A regulator for controlling charging of a battery by a three-phase AC generator, A rectifying circuit that rectifies an alternating current output from an output terminal of each phase of the three-phase alternating current generator and flows a charging current to the battery; A first terminal to which a control signal is input, a second terminal connected to the negative side of the battery, a third terminal connected to the positive side of the battery, and each phase of the three-phase AC generator First to third semiconductor elements each having a fourth terminal connected to each of the output terminals; A controller that detects a charging voltage of the battery and outputs the control signal according to the detection result; The first to third semiconductor elements are: When a current greater than a specified value flows between the third terminal and the second terminal, a current flows between the fourth terminal and the second terminal, and the third terminal and the second terminal While the current continues to flow between the second terminal, the current continuously flows between the fourth terminal and the second terminal, The controller is When the charging voltage of the battery is equal to or higher than a prese
- the first to third semiconductor elements are: A first conductivity type first bipolar transistor having a base connected to the first terminal, an emitter connected to the second terminal, and a collector connected to the fourth terminal; and the fourth terminal A second conductivity type second bipolar transistor having a base connected to the first terminal, a collector connected to the first terminal, and an emitter connected to the third terminal.
- the battery is connected between the positive side of the battery and the third terminals of the first to third semiconductor elements, controlled by the controller, and turned on to turn on the first side of the battery and the first to third terminals.
- the third terminal of the third semiconductor element is electrically connected to the third terminal, and is turned off to cut off the positive side of the battery and the third terminal of the first to third semiconductor elements.
- the controller is When the charging voltage of the battery becomes lower than the threshold voltage, the supply of the control signal to the first terminal is stopped and the first to third switch circuits are temporarily turned off. May be.
- the first to third semiconductor elements are respectively connected between the first terminal and the second terminal, controlled by the controller, and turned on to turn on the first to third semiconductor elements.
- the first terminal and the second terminal are electrically connected to each other and turned off to cut off between the first terminal and the second terminal of the first to third semiconductor elements.
- first to third switch circuits The controller is When the charging voltage of the battery becomes lower than the threshold voltage, the supply of the control signal to the first terminal is stopped and the first to third switch circuits are temporarily turned on. May be.
- the first bipolar transistor is an NPN bipolar transistor
- the second bipolar transistor may be a PNP bipolar transistor.
- the rectifier circuit is A first diode having an anode connected to the U-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator and a cathode connected to the positive side of the battery; A second diode having an anode connected to the V-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator and a cathode connected to the positive side of the battery; A third diode having an anode connected to the W-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator and a cathode connected to the positive side of the battery; A fourth diode having a cathode connected to the U-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator and an anode connected to the negative side of the battery; A fifth diode having a cathode connected to the V-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator and an anode connected to the negative side of the battery; A sixth diode having a cathode connected to the W-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator and an anode connected to the negative side of the battery may
- the first to third switch circuits may be transistors.
- the controller may output the control signal only for a certain period.
- the control signal may be a pulse wave.
- the negative side of the battery may be connected to ground.
- a battery charger includes: A battery charging device for charging a battery, A three-phase AC generator for supplying an AC voltage for charging the battery; And the regulator.
- a battery charging system includes: A battery charging system for charging a battery, Battery, And a battery charging device.
- the generator short-circuit current is not caused to flow between the emitter and base of the second transistor of the first to third semiconductor elements, and a current smaller than the generator short-circuit current is caused to flow.
- the second transistor is operated.
- the Joule heat (the product of Vbe of the second transistor and the current flowing through the emitter-base of the second transistor) of the second transistor is reduced, and the power loss is reduced and the heat dissipation is reduced as compared with the prior art described above.
- the fins can be reduced in size.
- the first to third semiconductor elements can be turned off more reliably by turning off the switch circuit and forcing the positive feedback current to zero.
- the regulator according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to more appropriately control the charging of the battery while reducing the power loss.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a battery charging system 1000 according to a first embodiment which is an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 of the battery charging apparatus 100 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the battery charging system 2000 according to the second embodiment which is an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a conventional battery charging system 1000A.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of first to third thyristors S1 to S3 of the battery charging device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a battery charging system 1000 according to a first embodiment which is an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 of the battery charging apparatus 100 shown in FIG.
- a battery charging system 1000 for charging a battery includes a battery B, a three-phase AC generator 101, and a regulator 100.
- the three-phase AC generator 101 and the regulator 100 constitute a battery charging device for charging the battery B.
- the battery B has a + terminal (positive side) and a ⁇ terminal (negative side), and can be charged / discharged via these terminals. Note that the negative side of the battery is connected to ground.
- the three-phase AC generator 101 generates an AC voltage for charging the battery B, and supplies the AC voltage from the output terminal of each phase (U phase, V phase, W phase).
- the regulator 100 controls the charging of the battery B by the three-phase AC generator 101.
- the regulator 100 includes the rectifier circuit 1, the first semiconductor element T1, the second semiconductor element T2, the third semiconductor element T3, the first resistance element R1, and the second resistance element R2. , A third resistance element R3, a first switch circuit SW1, a second switch circuit SW2, a third switch circuit SW3, and a controller CON.
- the rectifier circuit 1 rectifies the alternating current output from the output terminal of each phase (U-phase, V-phase, W-phase) of the three-phase alternating current generator 101 and allows the charging current to flow through the battery B.
- the rectifier circuit 1 includes a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, And a sixth diode D6.
- the first diode D1 has an anode connected to the U-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101 and a cathode connected to the positive side of the battery B.
- the second diode D2 has an anode connected to the V-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101 and a cathode connected to the positive side of the battery B.
- the third diode D3 has an anode connected to the W-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101 and a cathode connected to the positive side of the battery B.
- the fourth diode D4 has a cathode connected to the U-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101 and an anode connected to the negative side of the battery B.
- the fifth diode D5 has a cathode connected to the V-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101 and an anode connected to the negative side of the battery B.
- the sixth diode D6 has a cathode connected to the W-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101 and an anode connected to the negative side of the battery B.
- the first semiconductor element T1 includes a first terminal x1 to which the control signal SCON1 is input, a second terminal x2 connected to the negative side of the battery B, and a third terminal connected to the positive side of the battery B.
- a terminal x3 and a fourth terminal x4 connected to the U-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101;
- the second semiconductor element T2 includes a first terminal x1 to which the control signal SCON2 is input, a second terminal x2 connected to the negative side of the battery B, and a third terminal x3 connected to the positive side of the battery B. And a fourth terminal x4 connected to the V-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101.
- the third semiconductor element T3 includes a first terminal x1 to which the control signal SCON3 is input, a second terminal x2 connected to the negative side of the battery B, and a third terminal x3 connected to the positive side of the battery B. , And a fourth terminal x4 connected to the W-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101.
- the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 include, for example, a first conductivity type first bipolar transistor (NPN type bipolar transistor) Tr1 and a second conductivity type, respectively.
- Second bipolar transistor PNP type bipolar transistor
- the first bipolar transistor Tr1 has a base connected to the first terminal x1, an emitter connected to the second terminal x2, and a collector connected to the fourth terminal x4.
- the second bipolar transistor has a base connected to the fourth terminal x4, a collector connected to the first terminal x1, and an emitter connected to the third terminal x3.
- the first bipolar transistor Tr1 when a control signal is input to the first terminal x1 and a base current of a predetermined value or more flows through the first bipolar transistor Tr1, the first bipolar transistor Tr1 is turned on. As a result, a generator short-circuit current flows from the fourth terminal x4 to the second terminal x2 via the collector-emitter of the first bipolar transistor Tr1. As a result, a base current of a predetermined value or more flows in the second bipolar transistor Tr2, and the second bipolar transistor Tr2 is turned on. As a result, the emitter-collector current of the second bipolar transistor Tr2 flows as the base current of the first bipolar transistor Tr1. That is, while the emitter-collector current of the second bipolar transistor Tr2 continues to flow, the first bipolar transistor Tr1 continues to be on.
- the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 receive the control signals SCON1 to SCON3, and a current of a specified value or more flows between the third terminal x3 and the second terminal x2. A current flows between the fourth terminal x4 and the second terminal x2. Further, the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 have the fourth terminal x4 and the second terminal while the current continues to flow between the third terminal x3 and the second terminal x2. A current continues to flow between the terminal x2.
- the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 have the fourth terminal x4 and the second terminal when the input of the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 is stopped and the current from the third terminal x3 is cut off.
- the current is cut off between x2.
- the first resistance element R1 is connected between the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the first semiconductor element T1.
- the second resistance element R2 is connected between the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the second semiconductor element T2.
- the third resistance element R3 is connected between the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the third semiconductor element T3.
- the first switch circuit SW1 is connected between the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the first semiconductor element T1.
- the first switch circuit SW1 is controlled by the control signal SCON4 of the controller CON, and is turned on to conduct between the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the first semiconductor element T1, and is turned off. As a result, the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the first semiconductor element T1 are disconnected.
- the second switch circuit SW2 is connected between the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the second semiconductor element T2.
- the second switch circuit SW2 is controlled by the control signal SCON5 of the controller CON and is turned on to conduct between the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the second semiconductor element T2, and turn off. As a result, the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the second semiconductor element T2 are disconnected.
- the third switch circuit SW3 is connected between the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the third semiconductor element T3.
- the third switch circuit SW3 is controlled by the control signal SCON6 of the controller CON and is turned on to conduct between the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the third semiconductor element T3, and is turned off. As a result, the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3 of the third semiconductor element T3 are disconnected.
- the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3 are connected between, for example, the positive side of the battery B and the third terminal x3, and the bipolars in which the control signals SCON4 to SCON6 are input to the base (gate). It is composed of a transistor (MOS transistor).
- the controller CON detects the charging voltage of the battery B and outputs control signals SCON1 to SCON3 in accordance with the detection result to control the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3. .
- the controller CON outputs the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 for a certain period. Therefore, for example, the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 are pulse waves.
- controller CON detects the charging voltage of the battery B, outputs control signals SCON4 to SCON6 according to the detection result, and controls the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3. .
- the controller CON sets the first terminal x1 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3.
- the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 are output to the second terminal x2 and the fourth terminal x4 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3.
- the controller CON sets the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 to the first terminals x1 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3.
- the supply is stopped and the fourth to sixth control signals SCON4 to SCON6 are output to the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3 to temporarily turn off the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3. (In other cases, the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3 are turned on).
- the three-phase AC generator 101 generates an AC voltage for charging the battery B, and supplies the AC voltage from the output terminal of each phase (U phase, V phase, W phase).
- the rectifier circuit 1 of the regulator 100 rectifies the alternating current output from the output terminal of each phase (U phase, V phase, W phase) of the three-phase AC generator 101, and causes the charging current to flow through the battery B. Thereby, the charging voltage of the battery B rises.
- the controller CON sets the first terminal x1 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3.
- the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 are output to the second terminal x2 and the fourth terminal x4 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3.
- the generator short-circuit current does not flow between the emitter and base of the second transistor Tr2 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3, and a current smaller than the generator short-circuit current is present. Will flow.
- the controller CON supplies the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 to the first terminals x1 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 when the charging voltage of the battery B becomes lower than the threshold voltage.
- the fourth to sixth control signals SCON4 to SCON6 are output to the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3 to temporarily turn off the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3.
- the charging voltage of the battery B is maintained in the vicinity of the threshold voltage.
- a generator short-circuit current is not passed between the emitters and bases of the second transistors Tr2 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3, and a current smaller than the generator short-circuit current is passed.
- the second transistor Tr2 is operated.
- the Joule heat (the product of Vbe of the second transistor and the current flowing through the emitter-base of the second transistor) of the second transistor Tr2 is reduced, and the power loss is reduced as compared with the above-described conventional technique. It is possible to reduce the size of the radiating fin.
- the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 can be turned off more reliably.
- the regulator according to the present embodiment it is possible to more appropriately control battery charging while reducing power loss.
- first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3 may be different as long as the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 can be turned off.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of the battery charging system 2000 according to the second embodiment which is an aspect of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same configurations as those in the first embodiment.
- the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 shown in FIG. 3 have the same circuit configuration as the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 shown in FIG.
- a battery charging system 2000 for charging a battery includes a battery B, a three-phase AC generator 101, and a regulator 200.
- the three-phase AC generator 101 and the regulator 200 constitute a battery charging device for charging the battery B.
- the regulator 200 includes the rectifier circuit 1, the first semiconductor element T1, the second semiconductor element T2, the third semiconductor element T3, the first resistance element R1, and the second resistance element R2. , A third resistance element R3, a first switch circuit SW1, a second switch circuit SW2, a third switch circuit SW3, and a controller CON.
- the first semiconductor element T1 is connected to the first terminal x1 to which the control signal SCON1 is input, the second terminal x2 connected to the negative side of the battery B, and the positive side of the battery B. And the fourth terminal x4 connected to the U-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101.
- the second semiconductor element T2 is connected to the first terminal x1 to which the control signal SCON2 is input, the second terminal x2 connected to the negative side of the battery B, and the positive side of the battery B. And the fourth terminal x4 connected to the V-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101.
- the third semiconductor element T3 is connected to the first terminal x1 to which the control signal SCON3 is input, the second terminal x2 connected to the negative side of the battery B, and the positive side of the battery B. And the fourth terminal x4 connected to the U-phase output terminal of the three-phase AC generator 101.
- the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 are, for example, first conductivity type first bipolar transistors (NPN type bipolar transistors), respectively. Tr1 and a second conductivity type second bipolar transistor (PNP type bipolar transistor).
- the first bipolar transistor Tr1 has a base connected to the first terminal x1, an emitter connected to the second terminal x2, and a collector connected to the fourth terminal x4.
- the second bipolar transistor has a base connected to the fourth terminal x4, a collector connected to the first terminal x1, and an emitter connected to the third terminal x3.
- the first bipolar transistor Tr1 when a control signal is input to the first terminal x1 and a base current of a predetermined value or more flows through the first bipolar transistor Tr1, the first bipolar transistor Tr1 is turned on. As a result, a generator short-circuit current flows from the fourth terminal x4 to the second terminal x2 via the collector-emitter of the first bipolar transistor Tr1. As a result, a base current of a predetermined value or more flows in the second bipolar transistor Tr2, and the second bipolar transistor Tr2 is turned on. As a result, the emitter-collector current of the second bipolar transistor Tr2 flows as the base current of the first bipolar transistor Tr1. That is, while the emitter-collector current of the second bipolar transistor Tr2 continues to flow, the first bipolar transistor Tr1 continues to be on.
- the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 receive the control signals SCON1 to SCON3, and a current of a specified value or more flows between the third terminal x3 and the second terminal x2. A current flows between the fourth terminal x4 and the second terminal x2. Further, the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 have the fourth terminal x4 and the second terminal while the current continues to flow between the third terminal x3 and the second terminal x2. A current continues to flow between the terminal x2.
- the first switch circuit SW1 is connected between the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the first semiconductor element T1.
- the first switch circuit SW1 is controlled by the control signal SCON4 of the controller CON, and is turned on to conduct between the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the first semiconductor element T1 and turn off. As a result, the connection between the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the first semiconductor element T1 is interrupted.
- the second switch circuit SW2 is connected between the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the second semiconductor element T2.
- the second switch circuit SW2 is controlled by the control signal SCON5 of the controller CON and is turned on to conduct between the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the second semiconductor element T2 and turn off. As a result, the connection between the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the second semiconductor element T2 is interrupted.
- the third switch circuit SW3 is connected between the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the third semiconductor element T3.
- the third switch circuit SW3 is controlled by the control signal SCON6 of the controller CON and is turned on to conduct between the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the third semiconductor element T3 and turn off. As a result, the connection between the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the third semiconductor element T3 is interrupted.
- first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3 are connected between, for example, the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2, and bipolar signals in which the control signals SCON4 to SCON6 are input to the base (gate).
- Each of them is composed of a transistor (MOS transistor).
- the controller CON detects the charging voltage of the battery B, outputs control signals SCON1 to SCON3 according to the detection result, and outputs the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3. It comes to control.
- the controller CON outputs the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 for a certain period. Therefore, for example, the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 are pulse waves.
- the controller CON detects the charging voltage of the battery B, outputs control signals SCON4 to SCON6 according to the detection result, and sets the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3. It comes to control.
- the controller CON when the charging voltage of the battery B becomes equal to or higher than a preset threshold voltage (for example, overcharge voltage), the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T1.
- the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 are output to the first terminal x1 of T3, and the second terminal x2 and the fourth terminal x4 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 are made conductive.
- the controller CON when the charging voltage of the battery B becomes lower than the threshold voltage, the controller CON goes to the first terminal x1 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3.
- the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 are stopped, and the fourth to sixth control signals SCON4 to SCON6 are output to the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3 to output the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3.
- SW3 is temporarily turned on (in other cases, the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3 are turned off).
- the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 are short-circuited, and the positive feedback current does not flow. That is, no current flows between the third terminal x3 and the second terminal x2.
- the first bipolar transistor Tr1 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 is turned off, and the second bipolar transistor Tr2 is also turned off.
- the other configuration of the regulator 200 is the same as that of the regulator 100 of the first embodiment.
- the three-phase AC generator 101 generates an AC voltage for charging the battery B, and the AC voltage is output from the output terminal of each phase (U phase, V phase, W phase).
- the rectifier circuit 1 of the regulator 200 rectifies the alternating current output from the output terminal of each phase (U phase, V phase, W phase) of the three-phase alternating current generator 101, and flows the charging current to the battery B. Thereby, the charging voltage of the battery B rises.
- the controller CON sets the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T1.
- the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 are output to the first terminal x1 of T3, and the second terminal x2 and the fourth terminal x4 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 are made conductive.
- the generator short-circuit current does not flow between the emitter and base of the second transistor Tr2 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3, and a current smaller than the generator short-circuit current is present. Will flow.
- the controller CON supplies the control signals SCON1 to SCON3 to the first terminals x1 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 when the charging voltage of the battery B becomes lower than the threshold voltage.
- the fourth to sixth control signals SCON4 to SCON6 are output to the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3 to temporarily turn on the first to third switch circuits SW1 to SW3.
- the first terminal x1 and the second terminal x2 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 are short-circuited, and the positive feedback current does not flow. That is, no current flows between the third terminal x3 and the second terminal x2.
- the first bipolar transistor Tr1 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 is turned off, and the second bipolar transistor Tr2 is also turned off.
- the charging voltage of the battery B is maintained in the vicinity of the threshold voltage.
- a generator short-circuit current is not passed between the emitters and bases of the second transistors Tr2 of the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3, and a current smaller than the generator short-circuit current is passed.
- the second transistor Tr2 is operated.
- the Joule heat (the product of Vbe of the second transistor and the current flowing through the emitter-base of the second transistor) of the second transistor Tr2 is reduced, and the power loss is reduced as compared with the above-described conventional technique. It is possible to reduce the size of the radiating fin.
- the first to third semiconductor elements T1 to T3 can be turned off more reliably.
- the regulator according to the present embodiment similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to more appropriately control the charging of the battery while reducing the power loss.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
三相交流発電機によるバッテリの充電を制御するレギュレータであって、
前記三相交流発電機の各相の出力端子から出力される交流電流を整流し、前記バッテリに充電電流を流す整流回路と、
制御信号が入力される第1の端子、前記バッテリの負側に接続された第2の端子、前記バッテリの正側に接続された第3の端子、および、前記三相交流発電機の各相の出力端子にそれぞれ接続された第4の端子を、それぞれ有する第1ないし第3の半導体素子と、
前記バッテリの充電電圧を検出し、この検出結果に応じて、前記制御信号を出力するコントローラと、を備え、
前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子は、
前記第3の端子と前記第2の端子との間に規定値以上の電流が流れることにより前記第4の端子と前記第2の端子との間に電流が流れ、前記第3の端子と前記第2の端子との間に継続して電流が流れている間は前記第4の端子と前記第2の端子との間に電流が継続して流れるものであり、
前記コントローラは、
前記バッテリの充電電圧が予め設定された閾値電圧以上になった場合には、前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第1の端子に制御信号を出力して、前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第2の端子と前記第4の端子との間を導通させることにより、前記三相交流発電機の前記各相の出力端子と前記バッテリの負側との間を短絡する
ことを特徴とする。
前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子は、
前記第1の端子にベースが接続され、前記第2の端子にエミッタが接続され、前記第4の端子にコレクタが接続された第1導電型の第1のバイポーラトランジスタと、前記第4の端子にベースが接続され、前記第1の端子にコレクタが接続され、前記第3の端子にエミッタが接続された第2導電型の第2のバイポーラトランジスタと、を有するようにしてもよい。
前記バッテリの正側と前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第3の端子との間にそれぞれ接続された、第1ないし第3の抵抗素子をさらに備えるようにしてもよい。
前記バッテリの正側と前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第3の端子との間にそれぞれ接続され、前記コントローラにより制御され、オンすることにより前記バッテリの正側と前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第3の端子との間をそれぞれ導通し、オフすることにより前記バッテリの正側と前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第3の端子との間をそれぞれ遮断する第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路をさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、
前記バッテリの充電電圧が前記閾値電圧未満になった場合には、前記第1の端子への前記制御信号の供給を停止し且つ前記第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路を一時的にオフするようにしてもよい。
前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間にそれぞれ接続され、前記コントローラにより制御され、オンすることにより前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間をそれぞれ導通し、オフすることにより前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間をそれぞれ遮断する第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路をさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、
前記バッテリの充電電圧が前記閾値電圧未満になった場合には、前記第1の端子への前記制御信号の供給を停止し且つ前記第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路を一時的にオンするようにしてもよい。
前記第1のバイポーラトランジスタは、NPN型バイポーラトランジスタであり、
前記第2のバイポーラトランジスタは、PNP型バイポーラトランジスタであるようにしてもよい。
前記整流回路は、
前記三相交流発電機のU相の出力端子にアノードが接続され、前記バッテリの正側にカソードが接続された第1のダイオードと、
前記三相交流発電機のV相の出力端子にアノードが接続され、前記バッテリの正側にカソードが接続された第2のダイオードと、
前記三相交流発電機のW相の出力端子にアノードが接続され、前記バッテリの正側にカソードが接続された第3のダイオードと、
前記三相交流発電機のU相の出力端子にカソードが接続され、前記バッテリの負側にアノードが接続された第4のダイオードと、
前記三相交流発電機のV相の出力端子にカソードが接続され、前記バッテリの負側にアノードが接続された第5のダイオードと、
前記三相交流発電機のW相の出力端子にカソードが接続され、前記バッテリの負側にアノードが接続された第6のダイオードと、を有するようにしてもよい。
前記第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路は、トランジスタであるようにしてもよい。
前記コントローラは、一定期間だけ、前記制御信号を出力するようにしてもよい。
前記制御信号は、パルス波であるようにしてもよい。
前記バッテリの負側が接地に接続されていてもよい。
バッテリを充電するためのバッテリ充電装置であって、
前記バッテリを充電するための交流電圧を供給する三相交流発電機と、
前記レギュレータと、を備えた
ことを特徴とする。
バッテリを充電するためのバッテリ充電システムであって、
バッテリと、
前記バッテリ充電装置と、を備えた
ことを特徴とする。
次に、以上のような構成を有するバッテリ充電システム1000の動作の一例について、説明する。
Claims (14)
- 三相交流発電機によるバッテリの充電を制御するレギュレータであって、
前記三相交流発電機の各相の出力端子から出力される交流電流を整流し、前記バッテリに充電電流を流す整流回路と、
制御信号が入力される第1の端子、前記バッテリの負側に接続された第2の端子、前記バッテリの正側に接続された第3の端子、および、前記三相交流発電機の各相の出力端子にそれぞれ接続された第4の端子を、それぞれ有する第1ないし第3の半導体素子と、
前記バッテリの充電電圧を検出し、この検出結果に応じて、前記制御信号を出力するコントローラと、を備え、
前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子は、
前記第3の端子と前記第2の端子との間に規定値以上の電流が流れることにより前記第4の端子と前記第2の端子との間に電流が流れ、前記第3の端子と前記第2の端子との間に継続して電流が流れている間は前記第4の端子と前記第2の端子との間に電流が継続して流れるものであり、
前記コントローラは、
前記バッテリの充電電圧が予め設定された閾値電圧以上になった場合には、前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第1の端子に制御信号を出力して、前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第2の端子と前記第4の端子との間を導通させることにより、前記三相交流発電機の前記各相の出力端子と前記バッテリの負側との間を短絡する
ことを特徴とするレギュレータ。 - 前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子は、
前記第1の端子にベースが接続され、前記第2の端子にエミッタが接続され、前記第4の端子にコレクタが接続された第1導電型の第1のバイポーラトランジスタと、前記第4の端子にベースが接続され、前記第1の端子にコレクタが接続され、前記第3の端子にエミッタが接続された第2導電型の第2のバイポーラトランジスタと、を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレギュレータ。 - 前記バッテリの正側と前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第3の端子との間にそれぞれ接続された、第1ないし第3の抵抗素子をさらに備える
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレギュレータ。 - 前記バッテリの正側と前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第3の端子との間にそれぞれ接続され、前記コントローラにより制御され、オンすることにより前記バッテリの正側と前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第3の端子との間をそれぞれ導通し、オフすることにより前記バッテリの正側と前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第3の端子との間をそれぞれ遮断する第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路をさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、
前記バッテリの充電電圧が前記閾値電圧未満になった場合には、前記第1の端子への前記制御信号の供給を停止し且つ前記第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路を一時的にオフする
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレギュレータ。 - 前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間にそれぞれ接続され、前記コントローラにより制御され、オンすることにより前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間をそれぞれ導通し、オフすることにより前記第1ないし第3の半導体素子の前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間をそれぞれ遮断する第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路をさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、
前記バッテリの充電電圧が前記閾値電圧未満になった場合には、前記第1の端子への前記制御信号の供給を停止し且つ前記第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路を一時的にオンする
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレギュレータ。 - 前記第1のバイポーラトランジスタは、NPN型バイポーラトランジスタであり、
前記第2のバイポーラトランジスタは、PNP型バイポーラトランジスタであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のレギュレータ。 - 前記整流回路は、
前記三相交流発電機のU相の出力端子にアノードが接続され、前記バッテリの正側にカソードが接続された第1のダイオードと、
前記三相交流発電機のV相の出力端子にアノードが接続され、前記バッテリの正側にカソードが接続された第2のダイオードと、
前記三相交流発電機のW相の出力端子にアノードが接続され、前記バッテリの正側にカソードが接続された第3のダイオードと、
前記三相交流発電機のU相の出力端子にカソードが接続され、前記バッテリの負側にアノードが接続された第4のダイオードと、
前記三相交流発電機のV相の出力端子にカソードが接続され、前記バッテリの負側にアノードが接続された第5のダイオードと、
前記三相交流発電機のW相の出力端子にカソードが接続され、前記バッテリの負側にアノードが接続された第6のダイオードと、を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレギュレータ。 - 前記第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路は、トランジスタであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のレギュレータ。
- 前記第1ないし第3のスイッチ回路は、トランジスタであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のレギュレータ。
- 前記コントローラは、一定期間だけ、前記制御信号を出力することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレギュレータ。
- 前記制御信号は、パルス波であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のレギュレータ。
- 前記バッテリの負側が接地に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレギュレータ。
- バッテリを充電するためのバッテリ充電装置であって、
前記バッテリを充電するための交流電圧を供給する三相交流発電機と、
請求項1記載のレギュレータと、を備えた
ことを特徴とするバッテリ充電装置。 - バッテリを充電するためのバッテリ充電システムであって、
バッテリと、
請求項13記載のバッテリ充電装置と、を備えた
ことを特徴とするバッテリ充電システム。
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US13/823,736 US20130169218A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2011-10-06 | Regulator, Battery Charging Apparatus and Battery Charging System |
EP11832477.1A EP2629409A4 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2011-10-06 | Regulator, battery charging apparatus, and battery charging system |
CN201180020455.4A CN103283134B (zh) | 2010-10-13 | 2011-10-06 | 调节器、蓄电池充电装置以及蓄电池充电*** |
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