WO2012035974A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012035974A1 WO2012035974A1 PCT/JP2011/069657 JP2011069657W WO2012035974A1 WO 2012035974 A1 WO2012035974 A1 WO 2012035974A1 JP 2011069657 W JP2011069657 W JP 2011069657W WO 2012035974 A1 WO2012035974 A1 WO 2012035974A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- cell system
- target
- cell stack
- cathode gas
- Prior art date
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 104
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04507—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04529—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04649—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- This invention relates to a fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell stack generates a power generation reaction when cathode gas and anode gas are supplied to the front and back of the electrolyte membrane. If the electrolyte membrane is in a moderately wet state, the fuel cell stack efficiently generates a power. However, the electrolyte membrane falls into an overdried state depending on the outside air state and operating conditions. Therefore, in JP-2002-352827-A, the wet state is detected based on the impedance of the fuel cell stack. When overdrying is determined, the cathode gas flow rate is lowered. By doing in this way, it is prevented that an electrolyte membrane will be in an overdried state.
- the fuel cell system is equipped with a humidifier for keeping the electrolyte membrane in an appropriate wet state.
- a humidifier for keeping the electrolyte membrane in an appropriate wet state.
- the humidifier it is desirable that the humidifier be removed or miniaturized to simplify or miniaturize the system.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that in such a fuel cell system, when the supply amount of the cathode gas is reduced, excess generated water is not discharged and a flooding state is likely to occur. That is, the inventors have found a new problem that in such a fuel cell system, when the flow rate of the cathode gas is reduced as in JP-2002-352827-A, the fuel cell system falls into an excessively wet state (flooding state). It is.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system that can prevent a flooding state even in a low load operation such as an idling operation in a fuel cell stack that operates in a drier state than before. That is.
- a wetness detection unit that detects the wetness of the fuel cell stack, a target SR setting unit that sets a target SR of the fuel cell stack based on the wetness, and a fuel based on the load
- a minimum SR setting unit that sets a minimum SR necessary for preventing flooding of the battery stack.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram for explaining the reaction of the electrolyte membrane in the fuel cell stack.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram for explaining the reaction of the electrolyte membrane in the fuel cell stack.
- FIG. 3 is a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a map for setting a minimum SR and an operation target SR for preventing flooding.
- FIG. 5A is a timing chart when the control logic of the present embodiment is executed when the load is medium to high and the wetness is slightly wet.
- FIG. 5A is a timing chart when the control logic of the present embodiment is executed when the load is medium to high and the wetness is slightly wet.
- FIG. 5A is a timing chart when the control logic of the present embodiment is executed when the load is medium to high and the wet
- FIG. 5B is a timing chart when the control logic of this embodiment is executed when the load is low and the wetness is dry.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the correlation between the supply gas pressure and the supply gas flow velocity.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a third embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart when the control logic of the third embodiment is executed.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing a fourth embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a timing chart when the control logic of the fourth embodiment is executed.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the fuel cell system according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a timing chart when the control logic of the fifth embodiment is executed.
- FIG. 17 is a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the sixth embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a timing chart when the control logic of the sixth embodiment is executed.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the seventh embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a timing chart when the control logic of the seventh embodiment is executed.
- FIG. 21 is a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the eighth embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a timing chart when the control logic of the eighth embodiment is executed.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention. First, an example of a fuel cell system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the fuel cell system 1 includes a fuel cell stack 10, a cathode gas line 20, an anode gas line 30, a cooling water circulation line 40, and a control unit 90.
- the fuel cell stack 10 is supplied with cathode gas and anode gas to generate electric power.
- the fuel cell stack 10 includes a load current sensor 11 and a stack impedance sensor 12.
- the load current sensor 11 detects the load current of the fuel cell stack 10.
- the stack impedance sensor 12 detects the impedance of the fuel cell stack 10.
- the cathode gas line 20 includes a cathode gas supply line 21 and a cathode gas discharge line 22.
- the cathode gas supply line 21 is provided with an air supply compressor 211 for supplying air (cathode gas) to the fuel cell stack 10.
- the air pumped by the air supply compressor 211 flows through the cathode gas supply line 21 and is supplied to the fuel cell stack 10.
- the cathode gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 10 flows through the cathode gas discharge line 22.
- the anode gas line 30 includes an anode gas supply line 31 and an anode gas circulation line 32.
- the anode gas supply line 31 is provided with an anode tank 311 and an anode gas pressure control valve 312.
- the anode tank 311 is a sealed container that stores anode gas (hydrogen).
- the anode gas pressure control valve 312 adjusts the pressure of the anode gas supplied to the anode gas circulation line 32 according to the opening degree.
- an anode gas circulation pump 321 is provided in the anode gas circulation line 32.
- the anode gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 10 is supplied again to the fuel cell stack 10 by the anode gas circulation pump 321.
- the cooling water circulation line 40 includes a cooling water circulation pump 41 and a radiator 42.
- the cooling water circulation pump 41 pumps the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation line 40.
- the radiator 42 radiates the heat of the cooling water discharged from the fuel cell stack 10 and prevents the cooling water from overheating.
- the radiated (cooled) cooling water is sent again to the fuel cell stack 10 by the cooling water circulation pump 41.
- the control unit 90 receives signals from the load current sensor 11 and the stack impedance sensor 12, and controls the operations of the air supply compressor 211, the anode gas pressure control valve 312, the anode gas circulation pump 321, and the cooling water circulation pump 41. Specific contents will be described later.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams for explaining the reaction of the electrolyte membrane in the fuel cell stack.
- the fuel cell stack 10 is supplied with the reaction gas (cathode gas O2 and anode gas H2) to generate electric power.
- the fuel cell stack 10 is configured by stacking hundreds of membrane electrode assemblies (MEBs) each having a cathode electrode catalyst layer and an anode electrode catalyst layer formed on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- the following reaction proceeds according to the load in the cathode electrode catalyst layer and the anode electrode catalyst layer to generate power.
- the electrolyte membrane is in a moderately wet state, the above reaction is performed efficiently.
- a large amount of reaction gas (cathode gas O2, anode gas H2) is supplied according to the load. This increases the power generation reaction.
- a large amount of water is generated by the reaction of the chemical formula (1-1). This moisture humidifies the MEA. Excess water is discharged to the outside of the fuel cell stack 10 together with the cathode gas.
- the present inventors have come up with a method for forcibly discharging the generated water remaining in the fuel cell stack 10 by temporarily increasing the flow rate of the cathode gas to a flow rate that can prevent flooding. If the cathode gas flow rate is temporarily increased in this way, excess generated water is discharged without causing a significant change in the wet state of the fuel cell stack (electrolyte membrane).
- the present invention is also applied to such a scene.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment.
- step S11 the controller detects the load current based on the signal from the load current sensor 11.
- step S12 the controller sets a minimum SR for preventing flooding based on the detected load current. Specifically, the controller obtains the minimum SR by applying the load current to a preset map (an example is shown in FIG. 4).
- SR is an abbreviation for “Stoichiometric Ratio”, and is the ratio of the supply gas amount to the reaction gas amount (supply gas amount / reaction gas amount). That is, the state of SR1 means that the gas is supplied by the amount of the reactive gas, and all the supplied gases react. The state of SR2 means that a gas twice the amount of the reaction gas is supplied, half of the supplied gas reacts, and the other half of the gas is discharged unreacted.
- the load current is almost proportional to the amount of reaction gas. Accordingly, the supply gas amount V is proportional to a value obtained by multiplying the load current I by SR. Therefore, the following formula is established.
- step S13 the controller detects the wet state of the fuel cell stack 10. Specifically, the controller detects the impedance of the fuel cell stack 10 based on the signal of the stack impedance sensor 12. The lower the impedance, the higher the wet state, that is, the wet taste. The higher the impedance, the lower the wet state. That is, it is dry.
- step S14 the controller sets the operation target SR based on the load current and the wet state. Specifically, the controller obtains the operation target SR by applying the load current and the wet state (impedance) to a preset map (an example is shown in FIG. 4).
- the fuel cell stack according to the present embodiment is operated in a wet state lower than the conventional one (that is, a drier state than the conventional one). Therefore, if it is moist, an operation target SR is set so that the electrolyte membrane is further dried. That is, if the load is the same, a larger SR is set so that the amount of supply gas is larger in the case of the wet taste than in the case of the dry taste. In this way, excess gas is increased, so that the generated water is easily discharged to the outside of the fuel cell stack, and the electrolyte membrane is easily dried.
- step S15 the controller determines whether or not the operation target SR is below the minimum SR. If the controller does not fall below, the process proceeds to step S16. If the controller is below, the process proceeds to step S17.
- step S16 the controller controls the operation so that the actual SR becomes the operation target SR. Specifically, the controller controls the air supply compressor 211 to adjust the flow rate of the cathode gas (air).
- step S17 after the actual SR becomes the operation target SR, the controller controls the operation so that the actual SR temporarily increases at a constant cycle. If the load is almost constant, SR is proportional to the cathode gas flow rate. Specifically, the controller controls the air supply compressor 211 to temporarily increase the flow rate of the cathode gas (air) at a constant cycle.
- FIG. 5A is a timing chart when the control logic of the present embodiment is executed when the load is medium to high and the wetness is moist.
- FIG. 5B is a timing chart when the control logic of this embodiment is executed when the load is low and the wetness is dry. Note that step numbers are given in parentheses so that the correspondence with the flowchart is easy to understand.
- the load current is detected (step S11), and the lowest SR is set based on the load current (step S12). Further, the wet state (impedance) of the fuel cell stack 10 is detected (step S13), and the operation target SR is set based on the load current and the wet state (step S14). At this time, when the load is medium to high and the wetness level is moist, the operation target SR exceeds the minimum SR (No in step S15), so the air supply compressor 211 is controlled to become the operation target SR. Thus, the flow rate of the cathode gas (air) is adjusted.
- the load current is detected (step S11), and the lowest SR is set based on the load current (step S12). Further, the wet state (impedance) of the fuel cell stack 10 is detected (step S13), and the operation target SR is set based on the load current and the wet state (step S14). At this time, when the load is low and the wetness is dry, the operation target SR is below the minimum SR. That is, since the load is low, the flow rate of the cathode gas (air) is reduced, and it is difficult for the produced water to be discharged due to the influence, so that the operation target SR is below the minimum SR.
- step S15 when the operation target SR falls below the minimum SR (Yes in step S15), the air supply compressor 211 is controlled so that the actual SR temporarily increases at a constant cycle after the actual SR becomes the operation target SR. The As a result, the flow rate of the cathode gas (air) temporarily increases at a constant cycle (step S17).
- the generated water remaining in the fuel cell stack 10 is forcibly discharged, and flooding is prevented.
- the flow rate of the cathode gas (air) does not continue to increase, but temporarily increases at a constant cycle and returns to the original state again. Therefore, excess generated water is discharged without causing a significant change in the wet state of the fuel cell stack (electrolyte membrane).
- the flow rate of the cathode gas (air) can be easily adjusted by controlling the air supply compressor 211.
- an accurate target SR is set based on the impedance and load.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- a cathode gas pressure control valve 221 is provided in the cathode gas discharge line 22.
- the cathode gas pressure control valve 221 adjusts the pressure of the cathode gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 10.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the correlation between the supply gas pressure and the supply gas flow velocity.
- the air supply compressor 211 is controlled to adjust the flow rate of the cathode gas (air), but the cathode gas pressure control valve 221 is controlled to adjust the flow rate of the cathode gas (air). May be.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a third embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- the coolant circulation line 40 is provided with a fuel cell stack coolant outlet temperature sensor 43.
- the fuel cell stack cooling water outlet temperature sensor 43 detects the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the fuel cell stack 10.
- the target temperature of the cooling water also decreases.
- the actual temperature of the cooling water does not drop as rapidly as the load, but continues to be higher than the target temperature.
- generated water tends to evaporate. Therefore, even if the load is reduced, the fuel cell stack is likely to be overdried if the SR is immediately changed to the SR corresponding to the load. Therefore, in such a case, SR is not changed all at once, but is temporarily set to an intermediate value. However, this time, flooding is likely to occur. Therefore, in such a case, the flow rate of the cathode gas (air) is increased at a constant cycle. As a result, the generated water remaining in the fuel cell stack 10 is forcibly discharged, and flooding is prevented. Specific contents will be described below.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment.
- step S11 to step S14 and step S15 to step S17 are the same as those in the first embodiment, the details are omitted.
- step S31 the controller sets the target cooling water temperature based on the load current. Specifically, the controller obtains the target cooling water temperature by applying a load current to a map set in advance.
- step S32 the controller detects the coolant temperature based on the signal from the fuel cell stack coolant outlet temperature sensor 43.
- step S33 the controller determines whether or not the detected cooling water temperature is higher than the target cooling water temperature. If the controller is not high, the process proceeds to step S15. If the controller is high, the process proceeds to step S34.
- step S34 the controller sets the operation target SR when the cooling water temperature is higher than the target cooling water temperature.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart when the control logic of this embodiment is executed.
- the load current is A until time t31. At this time, it is as follows.
- the load current A is detected (step S11), and based on the load current A, the lowest SR for preventing flooding in the load A is set (step S12). Further, the wet state (impedance) of the fuel cell stack 10 is detected (step S13), and the operation target SR at the load A is set based on the load current and the wet state (step S14). Further, based on the load current A, the target cooling water temperature is set (step S31), the cooling water temperature is detected (step S32), and it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is higher than the target cooling water temperature (step S33). ). The cooling water temperature matches the target cooling water temperature until time t31. Therefore, the process proceeds to step S15. Since the operation target SR at the load A exceeds the minimum SR at the load A (No in step S15), the operation is controlled to become the operation target SR.
- Load current B is detected (step S11), and based on the load current B, the minimum SR for preventing flooding in the load B is set (step S12). Further, the wet state (impedance) of the fuel cell stack 10 is detected (step S13), and the operation target SR for the load B is set based on the load current and the wet state (step S14). Further, based on the load current B, the target cooling water temperature is set (step S31), the cooling water temperature is detected (step S32), and it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is higher than the target cooling water temperature (step S33). ). From time t31 to time t32, the cooling water temperature is higher than the target cooling water temperature.
- step S34 the operation target SR when the cooling water temperature is higher than the target cooling water temperature is set. Since the operation target SR is lower than the minimum SR at the load B (Yes in step S15), the operation is controlled so that the actual SR increases at a constant cycle after the actual SR becomes the operation target SR (step S17). ). As a result, the generated water remaining in the fuel cell stack 10 is forcibly discharged, and flooding is prevented.
- the cooling water temperature matches the target cooling water temperature. At this time, it is as follows.
- Step S11 Load current B is detected (step S11), and based on the load current B, the minimum SR for preventing flooding in the load B is set (step S12). Further, the wet state (impedance) of the fuel cell stack 10 is detected (step S13), and the operation target SR for the load B is set based on the load current and the wet state (step S14). Further, based on the load current B, the target cooling water temperature is set (step S31), the cooling water temperature is detected (step S32), and it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is higher than the target cooling water temperature (step S33). ). Since the cooling water temperature matches the target cooling water temperature after time t32, the process proceeds to step S15. Since the operation target SR at the load B exceeds the minimum SR at the load B (No in step S15), the operation is controlled to become the operation target SR.
- the target temperature of the cooling water also decreases.
- the temperature of the cooling water does not drop as rapidly as the load, a state where the temperature is higher than the target temperature continues to some extent. In such a state, generated water tends to evaporate. Therefore, even if the load is reduced, the fuel cell stack is likely to be overdried if the SR is immediately changed to the SR corresponding to the load. Therefore, in such a case, the SR is not changed all at once, but is temporarily set to a value lower than the SR corresponding to the load (in this embodiment, an intermediate value between the SR due to the load A and the SR due to the load B). However, this time, flooding is likely to occur. Therefore, in this embodiment, the cathode gas (air) flow rate is increased at a constant period in such a case. As a result, the generated water remaining in the fuel cell stack 10 is forcibly discharged, and flooding is prevented.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing a fourth embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- an external air pressure sensor 212 is provided in the cathode gas supply line 21.
- the outside air pressure sensor 212 detects the pressure of outside air supplied to the fuel cell stack 10.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment.
- Steps S11 to S14 and Steps S15 to S17 are the same as those in the first embodiment, the details are omitted.
- step S41 the controller detects the outside air pressure based on the signal from the outside air pressure sensor 212.
- step S42 the controller determines whether or not the detected outside air pressure is lower than the operation mode change pressure threshold. If the controller is not low, the process proceeds to step S15. If the controller is low, the process proceeds to step S43.
- step S43 the controller sets the operation target SR when the outside air pressure is lower than the pressure threshold.
- FIG. 13 is a timing chart when the control logic of this embodiment is executed.
- the outside air pressure is lower than the operation mode change pressure threshold. At this time, it is as follows.
- the load current is detected (step S11), and the lowest SR is set based on the load current (step S12). Further, the wet state (impedance) of the fuel cell stack 10 is detected (step S13), and the operation target SR is set based on the load current and the wet state (step S14). Further, the outside air pressure is detected (step S41), and it is determined whether or not the outside air pressure is lower than the operation mode change pressure threshold (step S42). Until the time t41, since the outside air pressure is lower than the operation mode change pressure threshold, the process proceeds to step S43, and the operation target SR when the outside air pressure is lower than the pressure threshold is set.
- Step S17 Since this operation target SR is lower than the lowest SR (Yes in Step S15), after the actual SR becomes the operation target SR, the operation is controlled so that the actual SR increases at a constant cycle (Step S17). By doing so, the generated water remaining in the fuel cell stack 10 can be forcibly discharged, and flooding can be prevented.
- the load current is detected (step S11), and the lowest SR is set based on the load current (step S12). Further, the wet state (impedance) of the fuel cell stack 10 is detected (step S13), and the operation target SR is set based on the load current and the wet state (step S14). Further, the outside air pressure is detected (step S41), and it is determined whether or not the outside air pressure is lower than the operation mode change pressure threshold (step S42). Since the outside air pressure is higher than the operation mode change pressure threshold after time t41, the process proceeds to step S15. Since the operation target SR exceeds the minimum SR (No in step S15), the operation is controlled to become the operation target SR.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- an outside air humidity sensor 213 is provided in the cathode gas supply line 21.
- the outside air humidity sensor 213 detects the humidity of the outside air supplied to the fuel cell stack 10.
- an outside air pressure sensor 212 is used, whereas in this embodiment, an outside air humidity sensor 213 is used.
- FIG. 15 shows a control flowchart in this case. That is, the controller detects the outside air humidity based on the signal from the outside air humidity sensor 213 (step S51), determines whether or not the detected outside air humidity is lower than the operation mode change humidity threshold (step S52). An operation target SR when the outside air humidity is lower than the humidity threshold is set (step S53).
- FIG. 16 shows a timing chart in this case. That is, until the time t51, the outside air humidity is lower than the operation mode change humidity threshold. At this time, the actual SR is increased at a constant cycle. In this case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.
- FIG. 17 is a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the sixth embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- steps S11 to S16 are the same as those in the first embodiment, the details are omitted.
- step S170 the controller obtains the difference between the lowest SR and the operation target SR.
- step S171 the controller controls the operation with a longer cycle as the difference is smaller.
- FIG. 18 is a timing chart when the control logic of this embodiment is executed.
- the operation target SR is below the minimum SR. At this time, the greater the difference between the lowest SR and the operation target SR, the shorter the cycle. The smaller the difference, the longer the period.
- the generated water tends to remain as the difference between the lowest SR and the operation target SR increases. Therefore, if the period is shorter as the difference is larger as in the present embodiment, the number of increase / decrease increases. As a result, the generated water is reliably drained, and stable power generation is more effectively maintained. In addition, the smaller the difference, the smaller the number of increases / decreases if the period is longer. As a result, the number of times required for discharging the generated water can be reduced, and the energy required for discharging can be suppressed to a minimum, so that the operation efficiency is good.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the seventh embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- step S11 to step S16 and step S170 are the same as in the sixth embodiment, details are omitted.
- step S172 the controller shortens the temporary increase time in one cycle as the difference is smaller.
- FIG. 20 is a timing chart when the control logic of this embodiment is executed.
- the operation target SR is below the minimum SR.
- the larger the difference between the lowest SR and the operation target SR the longer the temporary increase time in one cycle.
- the smaller the difference the shorter the temporary increase time in one cycle.
- the generated water tends to remain as the difference between the lowest SR and the operation target SR increases. Therefore, as in this embodiment, the longer the temporary increase time in one cycle, the longer the operating time for discharging the generated water to the outside as the difference increases. As a result, the generated water is reliably drained, and stable power generation is more effectively maintained. Also, when the difference is small, the temporary increase time in one cycle is short, so that the energy required for discharge is minimized and the operation efficiency is good.
- FIG. 21 is a control flowchart executed by the controller (control unit) of the eighth embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- step S11 to step S16 and step S170 are the same as in the sixth embodiment, details are omitted.
- step S173 the controller controls the operation such that the smaller the difference is, the smaller the increase amount (amplitude) of SR in one cycle.
- FIG. 22 is a timing chart when the control logic of this embodiment is executed.
- the operation target SR is below the minimum SR.
- the larger the difference between the lowest SR and the operation target SR the larger the SR increase (amplitude) in one cycle.
- the smaller the difference the smaller the SR increase (amplitude) in one cycle.
- the wetness is detected by impedance, but the voltage of each cell may be detected and detected based on the cell voltage.
- the degree of wetness may be detected based on the total voltage of the fuel cell stack. Further, the wetness may be detected based on a gas outlet dew point detected by a dew point meter provided at the cathode gas outlet. Furthermore, the degree of wetness may be detected based on the liquid water discharge speed or the liquid water discharge amount at the gas outlet.
- the cathode gas flowing on one side of the electrolyte membrane and the anode gas flowing on the opposite side flow in the opposite direction.
- the cathode gas flowing on one surface of the electrolyte membrane and the anode gas flowing on the opposite surface may flow in the same direction.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明による燃料電池システムの第1実施形態を示す図である。はじめに図1を参照して、本発明による燃料電池システムの一例について説明する。
図6は、本発明による燃料電池システムの第2実施形態を示す図である。
図8は、本発明による燃料電池システムの第3実施形態を示す図である。
図11は、本発明による燃料電池システムの第4実施形態を示す図である。
図14は、本発明による燃料電池システムの第5実施形態を示す図である。
図17は、本発明による燃料電池システムの第6実施形態のコントローラー(コントロールユニット)が実行する制御フローチャートを示す図である。
図19は、本発明による燃料電池システムの第7実施形態のコントローラー(コントロールユニット)が実行する制御フローチャートを示す図である。
図21は、本発明による燃料電池システムの第8実施形態のコントローラー(コントロールユニット)が実行する制御フローチャートを示す図である。
Claims (12)
- 燃料電池スタック(10)の湿潤度を検出する湿潤度検出部(S13)と、
前記湿潤度に基づいて、燃料電池スタック(10)の目標SRを設定する目標SR設定部(S14,S34,S43,S53)と、
負荷に基づいて、燃料電池スタック(10)のフラッディングを防止するために必要な最低SRを設定する最低SR設定部(S12)と、
前記目標SRが前記最低SRを下回るときには、実SRが、前記最低SRを一時的に上回るように制御するSR制御部(S17,S171,S172,S173)と、
を含む燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記SR制御部(S17,S171,S172,S173)は、実SRが、前記最低SRを一時的に上回るように、前記燃料電池スタック(10)にカソードガスを供給するカソードガス供給ライン(21)に設けられるコンプレッサー(211)を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記SR制御部(S17,S171,S172,S173)は、実SRが、前記最低SRを一時的に上回るように、前記燃料電池スタック(10)から排出されるカソードガスのカソードガス排出ライン(22)に設けられるカソードガス圧力制御弁(221)を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記湿潤度検出部(S13)は、燃料電池スタック(10)のインピーダンスに基づいて、燃料電池スタック(10)の湿潤度を検出し、
前記目標SR設定部(S14)は、前記インピーダンス及び負荷に基づいて目標SRを設定する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記目標SR設定部(S34)は、冷却水温が、負荷に基づいて設定された目標冷却水温よりも高いときには、冷却水温及び負荷に基づいて目標SRを設定する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記目標SR設定部(S43)は、外気圧力が、運転モード変更圧力閾値よりも低いときには、外気圧力が圧力閾値よりも低圧のときの目標SRを設定する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記目標SR設定部(S53)は、外気湿度が、運転モード変更湿度閾値よりも低いときには、外気湿度が湿度閾値よりも低湿度のときの目標SRを設定する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記SR制御部(S17,S171,S172,S173)は、前記目標SRと前記最低SRとの差に基づいて前記実SRの周期的な変動を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記SR制御部(S171)は、前記目標SRと前記最低SRとの差が大きいほど前記実SRの増大周期を短くし、差が小さいほど前記実SRの増大周期を長くする、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項9までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記SR制御部(S172)は、前記目標SRと前記最低SRとの差が大きいほど一周期における一時的増大時間を長くし、差が小さいほど一周期における一時的増大時間を短くする、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項10までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記SR制御部(S173)は、前記目標SRと前記最低SRとの差が大きいほど一周期における実SRの増大量を大きくし、差が小さいほど一周期における実SRの増大量を小さくする、
燃料電池システム。 - 燃料電池スタック(10)の湿潤度をカソードガスの流量によって制御する燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記湿潤度に応じたカソードガスの流量が所定流量以下では、カソードガスの流量を変動させる制御部(S17,S171,S172,S173)を含む、
燃料電池システム。
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EP11824980.4A EP2618415B1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-08-30 | Fuel cell system |
JP2012533936A JP5418689B2 (ja) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-08-30 | 燃料電池システム |
CA2815012A CA2815012C (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-08-30 | Fuel cell system comprising a wetness detection system and control of supply-gas amount/reaction-gas amount |
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