WO2011079553A1 - 含Al-Zn-Si-Mg-RE-Ti-Ni的热浸镀铸铝合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

含Al-Zn-Si-Mg-RE-Ti-Ni的热浸镀铸铝合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2011079553A1
WO2011079553A1 PCT/CN2010/071482 CN2010071482W WO2011079553A1 WO 2011079553 A1 WO2011079553 A1 WO 2011079553A1 CN 2010071482 W CN2010071482 W CN 2010071482W WO 2011079553 A1 WO2011079553 A1 WO 2011079553A1
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nano
aluminum alloy
hot dip
oxide particle
cast aluminum
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PCT/CN2010/071482
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English (en)
French (fr)
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冯立新
张敏燕
缪强
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江苏麟龙新材料股份有限公司
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Priority to US13/127,237 priority Critical patent/US8974728B2/en
Priority to AU2010336896A priority patent/AU2010336896B2/en
Priority to KR1020117012899A priority patent/KR101297617B1/ko
Priority to EP10840343.7A priority patent/EP2503017B1/en
Priority to JP2012538169A priority patent/JP5651187B2/ja
Publication of WO2011079553A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011079553A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12Aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0036Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0042Matrix based on low melting metals, Pb, Sn, In, Zn, Cd or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot dip-plated cast aluminum alloy containing Al-Zn-Si-Mg-RE-Ti-Ni and a preparation method thereof, in particular to an Al-Zn-containing alloy for anti-corrosion treatment of marine weather engineering parts.
  • the present invention provides a hot dip-plated cast aluminum alloy suitable for anti-corrosion treatment of marine weather resistant engineering parts and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the invention provides a hot dip-plated cast aluminum alloy for anti-corrosion treatment of marine weather engineering parts, wherein the cast aluminum alloy is composed of Al, Zn, Si, Mg, RE, Ti, Ni and nano oxide particle reinforcing agent.
  • the nano oxide particle reinforcing agent is selected from one or two of Ti0 2 and Ce0 2 , and the total mass percentage of each component is: Zn : 35-58%, Si: 0.3-4.0%, Mg : 0.1-5.0 %, RE: 0.02-1.0%, Ti: 0.01-0.5%, Ni: 0.1-3.0%, total content of nano-oxide particle enhancer: 0.01 ⁇ 1.0%, balance A1 and unavoidable impurities.
  • RE is any one or more of rare earth elements.
  • the specific surface area of the further preferred nano-oxide particles of the present invention is greater than the calculated value of the above formula:
  • the Ti0 2 has an average particle diameter of 15 to 60 nm.
  • the specific surface area of the Ti0 2 is 20 to 90 m 2 /g.
  • the average particle diameter of the Ce0 2 is 25 to 70 nm.
  • the specific surface area of the Ce0 2 is 10 to 80 m 2 /g.
  • the nano oxide particle reinforcing agent is TiO ⁇ B Ce0 2 , 110 2 and . 60 2 mass ratio is 1: (1 ⁇ 3). More preferably, the mass ratio of Ti0 2 to Ce0 2 is 1:2.
  • the percentage of each component in the total mass percentage is: Zn: 41-51%, Si: 1-3.2%, Mg: 1.8-4%, RE: 0.05-0.8%, Ti: 0.05-0.35%, Ni: 1.5-2.6%, total content of nano-oxide particle enhancer: 0 ⁇ 05 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 8%.
  • the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the hot dip-plated cast aluminum alloy according to the mass percentage of Al, Zn, Si, Mg, RE, Ti, Ni, nano oxide particle reinforcing agent, first in vacuum or In the atmosphere protection furnace, heat the A1 to 700 ⁇ 750 °C, stir evenly, add Si; then heat up to 800 ⁇ 840 °C and add RE; then heat to 830 °C ⁇ 850 °C and add Zn; Heating and heating to 850 ° C ⁇ 880 ° C, then adding Ni and Ti; after cooling to 750 ⁇ 700 ° C, adding Mg and nano oxide particle enhancer; then reducing the temperature to 700 ⁇ 650 ° C after stirring evenly After 10 to 35 minutes, it is cast or die-cast into ingots.
  • the heating rate during the heating process is 10 to 40 ° C / min, and the cooling rate during the cooling process is 20 to 60 ° C / min.
  • the invention provides a hot dip-plated cast aluminum alloy resistant to marine weather corrosion, wherein A1 is a metal resistant to atmospheric corrosion, and A1 forms a dense oxide film on the surface in the air quickly, and has rapid self-repair damage. Capability; Zn has a low electrode potential and, as a sacrificial anode, imparts sufficient resistance to electrochemical corrosion of steel. However, if the zinc content is too high, the toughness and hardness of the coating will be reduced, thereby reducing the coating resistance to the atmosphere. Corrosion and airflow erosion resistance.
  • the present invention greatly refines the grain of the coating by adding a certain amount of nano-oxide particle reinforcing agent, improves the toughness of the coating, and improves the corrosion resistance and electrochemical corrosion of the coating.
  • the performance of the coating layer can be more significantly improved, in addition to the nano-oxide particle reinforcing agent.
  • the particle size adopts the numerical range of the invention, and the wear resistance of the coating layer can be greatly improved, and the specific surface area of the nano oxide particle reinforcing agent adopts the numerical range of the invention, so that the degree of aggregation of the alloy can be greatly improved, thereby being more remarkable. Improve the anti-scour performance of alloy coatings.
  • microalloying elements such as Mg, Ti, Ni, etc.
  • the addition of these microalloying elements can further refine the grains, further improving the toughness and corrosion resistance of the coating, wherein Mg can improve the affinity of the alloy. Corrosion resistance and increase the room temperature strength of the alloy, while Ti strengthens the strengthening phase in the coating and solid solution to the alloy. M not only further solidifies the alloy, but also further improves the alloy. Toughness and stability.
  • the cast aluminum alloy produced by the invention can be used as a coating to impart sufficient corrosion resistance and erosion resistance under marine climatic conditions.
  • the present invention also provides a method for adding hot dip alloying elements by using multiple temperature sections.
  • the nano oxide particle reinforcing agent and various elements can be dispersed with the increase of temperature. Properties, thereby improving the uniformity of the coating composition and significantly increasing the bonding strength of the coating to the substrate.
  • the invention adopts a part of the temperature section to add a part of the hot dip coating alloy element, and then reduces the temperature to a certain temperature, then adds the nano oxide particle reinforcing agent, and finally cools and keeps the temperature for a certain time, thus overcoming the above defects.
  • a coating with uniform composition and good toughness was obtained.
  • the coating has significantly improved resistance to atmospheric corrosion, electrochemical corrosion, and airflow erosion, and the strength, hardness, and erosion resistance of the coating are also significantly improved.
  • the layer is firmly bonded to the substrate and is perfectly suited for extreme environments such as the ocean.
  • the production process of the present invention is simplified, and a coating having uniform composition and good toughness can be obtained.
  • the main components of the alloy such as aluminum and zinc, are rich in alloying elements in nature. Therefore, the material cost is low, and it is environmentally friendly and energy-saving.
  • the alloy of the invention is used as a plating layer, and the thickness can be adjusted in a wide range, which is suitable for the processing of various size parts.
  • the hot dip-plated cast aluminum alloy for anti-corrosion treatment of marine weather engineering parts provided by the present invention, wherein the cast aluminum alloy is
  • the nano oxide particle reinforcing agent is selected from one or two of Ti0 2 and Ce0 2 , and each component accounts for The mass percentage is: Zn: 35-58%, Si: 0.3-4.0%, Mg : 0.1-5.0%, RE: 0.02-1.0%, Ti: 0.01-0.5%, Ni: 0.1-3.0%, nano-oxide particles
  • the total content of the reinforcing agent is 0.01-1.0%, and the balance is A1 and unavoidable impurities, and the impurities which are impossible to avoid are usually impurity elements such as Fe, Mn, Pb, Sn, Cd which cannot be completely removed.
  • the performance of the coating layer can be more significantly improved, if the nano-oxide particles used are uniform spherical particles.
  • the specific surface area and the average particle diameter of the sphere satisfy the following relationship:
  • D represents the average particle size
  • represents the density
  • the preferred surface area of the preferred nano-oxide particles of the present invention is larger than the calculated value of this formula.
  • the Ti0 2 has an average particle diameter of 15 to 60 nm.
  • the specific surface area of the Ti0 2 is 20 to 90 m 2 /g.
  • the average particle diameter of the Ce0 2 is 25 to 70 nm.
  • the specific surface area of the Ce0 2 is 10 to 80 m 2 /g.
  • the core content is to refine the grain of the coating, improve its toughness, improve its various corrosion resistance, and overcome the zinc content by adding a certain amount of nano-alloy particle reinforcement microalloying elements. The purpose of the adverse effects brought about by the high.
  • Example 1 by further selecting the appropriate particle size and suitable specific surface area, it is only to make this technology more prominent and more Superior, therefore, although these two parameters are listed at the same time in Tables 1-3 below, they are only as more preferable conditions, and are for giving more detailed technical information about the present invention, and not as The necessary conditions of the present invention are described.
  • Example 1
  • a hot dip-plated cast aluminum alloy for anti-corrosion treatment of marine weather engineering parts which is composed of Zn, Al, Si, Mg, RE, Ti, Ni and 110 2 nanometer oxide particle reinforcing agents, and each component accounts for the total mass
  • the percentages are: Zn: 35-58%, Si: 0.3-4.0%, Mg: 0.1-5.0%, RE: 0.02-1.0%, Ti: 0.01-0.5%, Ni: 0.1-3.0%, Ti0 2: 0.01- 1.0%,
  • Table 1 Content of each component in the total weight (3 ⁇ 4>) and related parameters
  • a hot dip-plated cast aluminum alloy for anti-corrosion treatment of marine weather engineering parts which is composed of Al, Zn, Si, Mg, RE, Ti, Ni and CeO ⁇ fi rice oxide particle reinforcing agent, and each component constitutes total
  • the mass percentages are: Zn: 35-58%, Si: 0.3-4.0%, Mg: 0.1-5.0%, RE: 0.02-1.0%, Ti: 0.01-0.5%, Ni: 0.1-3.0%, Ce0 2: 0.01 -1.0%,
  • the hot dip coating alloy is composed of Al, Zn, Si, Mg, RE, Ti, Ni and nano oxide particle reinforcing agents, wherein the nano oxide particles are TiO ⁇ BCe0 2 and 110 2 and . 60 2 ratio is 1: (1 ⁇ 3), by mass percentage: The percentage of each component in total mass is: Zn: 35-58%, Si: 0.3-4.0%, Mg: 0.1-5.0%, RE: 0.02 -1.0%, Ti: 0.01-0.5%, Ni: 0.1-3.0%, total content of nano-oxide particles Ti0 2 and Ce0 2 : 0.01-1.0%, A1: balance, and unavoidable impurities, see specific Table 3 below:
  • each component comprises a total mass percentage: Zn: 41-51%, Si: 1-3.2%, Mg : 1.8-4%, RE: 0.05-0.8%, Ti: 0.05-0.35 %, Ni: 1.5-2.6%, total content of nano-oxide particle enhancer: 0.05 ⁇ 0.8%.
  • the Zn content is 45%, the Si content is 1.8%, the Mg content is 3.5%, the RE content is 0.6%, the Ti content is 0.25%, and the Ni content is 2. %, the total content of the nano oxide particle reinforcing agent is 0.2%.
  • the bulk density of the Ti0 2 does not exceed 3 g/cm 3 .
  • Ce0 2 is used, wherein the Ce0 2 has a bulk density of no more than 5 g/cm 3 .
  • Ti0 2 and Ce0 2 are used at the same time, it is preferred that the Ti0 2 and .
  • the average bulk density of 60 2 is 0.6 to 4.5 g/cm 3 .
  • the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the hot dip coating alloy according to the mass percentage of Al, Zn, Si, Mg, RE, Ti, Ni, nano oxide particle reinforcing agent, first in vacuum or In the atmosphere protection furnace, heat the A1 to 700 ⁇ 750 °C, stir evenly, add Si; then heat up to 800 ⁇ 840 °C and add RE; then heat to 830 °C ⁇ 850 °C and add Zn; Heating and heating to 850 ° C ⁇ 880 ° C, then adding Ni and Ti; after cooling to 750 ⁇ 700 ° C, adding Mg and nano oxide particle enhancer; then reducing the temperature to 700 ⁇ 650 ° C after stirring evenly After 10 to 35 minutes, it is cast or die-cast into ingots.
  • the A1 is heated and heated to 720-750 ° C in a vacuum or atmosphere protection furnace, and stirred.
  • Uniform add Si; then heat to 820 ⁇ 840 ° C and then add RE; then heat to 840 ° C ⁇ 850 ° C and then add Zn; then heat to 860 ° C ⁇ 880 ° C after adding Ni and Ti; After cooling to 730 ⁇ 700 °C, add Mg and nano oxide particle enhancer; then lower the temperature to 690 ⁇ 650 °C, stir it evenly, let it stand for 10 ⁇ 30 minutes, then cast or die-cast into ingot.
  • the Mg and the nano oxide particle reinforcing agent are added after cooling to 720 to 700 ° C; and finally the temperature is lowered to 690 to 660 ° C for 22 to 28 minutes.
  • the Mg and the nano-oxide particle reinforcing agent are added after cooling to 71 CTC; and finally the temperature is lowered to 680 ° C for 25 minutes.
  • the heating rate during the heating is 10 to 40 ° C / min
  • the cooling rate during the cooling is 20 to 60 ° C / min.
  • the heating rate during the heating process is 20 to 30 ° C / min
  • the cooling rate during the cooling process It is 30 ⁇ 50 °C / min.
  • the key component of a near-shore wind turbine was treated with conventional coating protection and produced significant corrosion in just a few months.
  • the hot-dip alloy of the present invention is used as a plating material to form a 150 ⁇ thick plating coating, and then coated with a 20 ⁇ thick aliphatic polyurethane coating.
  • the accelerated corrosion simulation test results show that the durability in the seawater splash zone environment can exceed 20 years. .
  • connection bolt size: M36xl000m, material 40CrNiMo
  • connection bolt size: M36xl000m, material 40CrNiMo
  • the hot-dip alloy of the present invention is used as a plating material to form a ⁇ thick-permeation coating, and then coated with a 15 ⁇ thick polysiloxane, and the accelerated corrosion simulation test results show that the durability in the seawater splash zone environment can exceed 20 years. .

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐海洋气候工程零件防腐处理用的热浸镀铸铝合金及其制备方法,其中所述铸铝合金由Al、Zn、Si、Mg、RE、Ti、Ni和纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂组成,所述纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂选自TiO2、CeO2中的一种或两种,各组成成份占总质量百分比为:Zn:35~58%,Si:0.3~4.0%,Mg:0.1~5.0%,RE:0.02~1.0%,Ti:0.01~0.5%,Ni:0.1~3.0%,纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂总的含量:0.01~1.0%,余量为Al及不可避免的杂质,采用本发明所生产的铸铝合金作涂层,可在海洋气候条件下赋予其充分耐腐蚀性能和抗冲刷侵蚀性能。

Description

说明书 含 Al-Zn-Si-Mg-RE-Ti-Ni的热浸镀铸铝合金及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种含 Al-Zn-Si-Mg-RE-Ti-Ni的热浸镀铸铝合金及其制备方法, 尤其是涉及 一种耐海洋气候工程零件防腐处理用的含 Al-Zn-Si-Mg-RE-Ti-Ni的热浸镀铸铝合金及其制造 方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的迅猛发展, 应用于近海和海洋中的工程装备越来越多, 但其服役条件按 ISO 9225环境评价标准一般〉 C5级, 属于极端恶劣环境。 所述环境大气多雨、 高温、 多盐雾 和强风流, 裸露在外的零件将受到强烈的大气腐蚀、 电化学腐蚀以及气流冲刷侵蚀的综合作 用, 各种钢结构的使用寿命远低于一般内陆户外环境。 例如, 当前风能已经日渐成为技术最成熟、 最具备规模开发条件的可再生洁净能源。 但 由于风力发电机组是利用风能发电, 而在海岸线、 离岸海洋中具有丰富的风力资源, 因此风 电场的建设有很大比例是选址在近海岸或离岸海洋中。 但在海洋气候条件下服役的风力发电 设备由于机组的外部构件如机舱、 引擎罩、 塔架等直接裸露于极端的腐蚀大气中, 采用常规 的防护措施, 往往仅数个月便产生严重的腐蚀, 因此, 目前迫切需要解决耐海洋气候的工程 零件防腐处理用的涂层的耐腐蚀问题。
^:咖
针对现有技术中这些问题, 本发明提供一种适合于耐海洋气候工程零件防腐处理用的热 浸镀铸造铝合金及其制造方法。 本发明提供的耐海洋气候工程零件防腐处理用的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其中所述铸铝合金由 Al、 Zn、 Si、 Mg、 RE、 Ti、 Ni和纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂组成, 所述纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂 选自 Ti02、Ce02中的一种或两种,各组成成份占总质量百分比为: Zn: 35-58%, Si: 0.3-4.0% , Mg: 0.1-5.0% , RE: 0.02-1.0% , Ti: 0.01-0.5% , Ni: 0.1-3.0% , 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂总 的含量: 0.01~1.0%, 余量为 A1及不可避免的杂质。
其中, RE是稀土元素的任一种或几种。 优选的, 如果采用的纳米氧化物颗粒是均匀的球体颗粒, 则球体比表面积和平均粒径满 足如下关系式: 比表面积= ^^ 2 /
P - D
其中 D代表平均粒径; ^代表密度。 如果采用的纳米氧化物颗粒比一般的球体颗粒形状复杂一些, 涂层的性能、 效果可以更 加理想, 因此, 本发明进一步优选的纳米氧化物颗粒的比表面积要大于上述公式计算值: 优选的, 纳米氧化物颗粒采用 Ti02时, 所述 Ti02的平均粒径为 15~60nm。 优选的, 纳米氧化物颗粒采用 Ti02时, 所述 Ti02的比表面积为 20~90m2/g。 优选的, 纳米氧化物颗粒采用 Ce02时, 所述 Ce02的平均粒径为 25~70nm。 优选的, 纳米氧化物颗粒采用 Ce02时, 所述 Ce02的比表面积为 10~80m2/g。 优选的, 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂为 TiO^B Ce02时, 1102和。602质量比为 1 : ( 1~3)。 更优选的, 其中 Ti02和 Ce02质量比为 1 :2。 优选的, 其中各组成成份占总质量百分比为: Zn: 41-51 % , Si: 1-3.2% , Mg: 1.8-4 % , RE: 0.05-0.8 % , Ti: 0.05-0.35 % , Ni: 1.5-2.6% , 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂总的含量: 0·05~0·8%。 另外, 本发明还提供一种制造所述热浸镀铸铝合金的方法, 根据 Al、 Zn、 Si、 Mg、 RE、 Ti、 Ni、 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的质量百分比备料, 先在真空或气氛保护炉中将 A1加热升温 至 700~750°C溶化, 搅拌均匀, 加入 Si; 然后升温至 800~840°C后加 RE; 再加热升温至 830°C~850°C后加 Zn; 再加热升温至 850°C~880°C后加 Ni和 Ti; 经降温至 750~700°C后加入 Mg与纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂;再将温度降低到 700~650°C经搅拌均匀后静置 10~35分钟后浇 铸或压铸成锭。
优选的, 所述加热过程中的升温速率为 10~40°C/分钟, 所述降温过程中的降温速率为 20~60°C/分钟。 本发明提供的抗海洋气候腐蚀的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其中 A1是抗大气腐蚀的金属, A1在 空气中会很快在表面形成一层致密的氧化膜, 并具有快速的自修复损伤的能力; Zn具有低的 电极电位, 作为牺牲阳极, 可赋予钢铁充分的抗电化学腐蚀能力。 然而如果锌的含量过高, 则涂层的韧性和硬度都会有所降低, 从而降低了涂层抵抗大气 腐蚀以及气流冲刷侵蚀能力。 为了克服这一问题, 本发明通过添加一定量的纳米氧化物颗粒 增强剂, 极大地细化了涂层的晶粒, 改善了涂层的韧性, 提高了涂层抵抗大气腐蚀、 电化学 腐蚀以及气流冲刷侵蚀的能力, 并且还显著提高了涂层的强度、 硬度, 从而赋予涂层更好的 抗冲刷性能。
进一步的, 在大量反复实验、 筛选后, 通过选择合适的纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的粒径和 比表面积, 可以更加显著的提高涂层的性能, 除此之外, 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的粒径采用 本发明的数值范围, 还可以使涂层的耐磨度大大提高, 而纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的比表面积 采用本发明的数值范围, 可以使合金的聚集度大大提高, 从而更加显著的提高合金涂层的抗 冲刷性能。
在此基础上, 还通过添加 Mg、 Ti、 Ni等微合金元素, 这些微合金元素的加入可以更加 细化晶粒, 进一步提高涂层的强韧性和耐腐蚀性, 其中 Mg可以提高合金的亲和力、 耐腐蚀 性和提高合金的室温强度, 而 Ti则加强了涂层中的强化相, 并对合金起到固溶作用, M不仅 可以进一步对合金起到固溶作用, 还可以进一步改善合金的韧性和稳定性。 综上所述, 采用本发明所生产的铸铝合金作涂层, 可在海洋气候条件下赋予其充分耐腐 蚀性能和抗冲刷侵蚀性能。
另一方面, 本发明还提供了一种采用多温度段添加热浸镀合金元素的方法, 采用该方法, 随着温度的提高, 可以有利于提高纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂及各种元素的分散性, 从而改善了 涂层成分的均匀性, 显著地提高了涂层与基体的结合强度。
然而, 如果在熔体温度过高的时候加入所有元素, 涂层易形成高铝脆性相, 不利于承担 接触微动载荷。 为此, 本发明采用先多温度段添加部分热浸镀合金元素, 再将温度降低到一 定温度后再添加纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂, 最后再降温并保温一定时间, 这样就克服了上述缺 陷, 获得了成分均匀, 韧性较好的涂层。 综上所述, 本发明与现有技术相比, 涂层抵抗大气腐蚀、 电化学腐蚀以及气流冲刷侵蚀 能力显著提高, 并且涂层的强度、 硬度, 抗冲刷性能也都得以显著提高, 另外涂层与基体结 合牢固, 完全适用于海洋等极端恶劣的环境。 另一方面, 本发明的生产工艺简化, 并且还能 获得成分均匀, 韧性较好的涂层。 而且, 合金中的主要成份铝、 锌等元素都是自然界蕴藏丰 富的合金元素, 因此, 材料成本低廉, 而且环保、 节能。 采用本发明的合金作镀层, 厚度可 调整范围广, 适合各种尺寸零件的处理。 本发明提供的耐海洋气候工程零件防腐处理用的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其中所述铸铝合金由
Al、 Zn、 Si、 Mg、 RE、 Ti、 Ni和纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂组成, 所述纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂 选自 Ti02、Ce02中的一种或两种,各组成成份占总质量百分比为: Zn: 35-58%, Si: 0.3-4.0% , Mg: 0.1-5.0% , RE: 0.02-1.0% , Ti: 0.01-0.5% , Ni: 0.1-3.0% , 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂总 的含量: 0.01-1.0% ,余量为 A1及不可避免的杂质,其中该不可能避免的杂质通常是 Fe、 Mn、 Pb、 Sn、 Cd等无法彻底去除的杂质元素。 进一步的, 在大量反复实验、 筛选后, 通过选择合适的纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的粒径和 比表面积, 可以更加显著的提高涂层的性能, 如果采用的纳米氧化物颗粒是均匀的球体颗粒, 则球体比表面积和平均粒径满足如下关系式:
比表面积 — (m2 / g)
P - D
其中 D代表平均粒径; ^代表密度。
进一步, 如果采用的纳米氧化物颗粒比一般的球体颗粒形状复杂一些, 涂层的性能、 效 果可以更加理想, 因此, 本发明优选的纳米氧化物颗粒的比表面积要大于此公式计算值。
优选的, 纳米氧化物颗粒采用 Ti02时, 所述 Ti02的平均粒径为 15~60nm。 优选的, 纳米氧化物颗粒采用 Ti02时, 所述 Ti02的比表面积为 20~90m2/g。 优选的, 纳米氧化物颗粒采用 Ce02时, 所述 Ce02的平均粒径为 25~70nm。 优选的, 纳米氧化物颗粒采用 Ce02时, 所述 Ce02的比表面积为 10~80m2/g。 下面, 结合表 1-3给出本发明各组成成份质量百分比的一些优选实施例, 但本发明的各 组成成份的含量不局限于该表中所列数值, 对于本领域的技术人员来说, 完全可以在表中所 列数值范围的基础上进行合理概括和推理。
并且需要特别说明的是, 尽管表 1-3 中同时列出了纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的粒径、 比表 面积的相关数值, 但这两个条件并不是作为必要技术特征加以描述的。 对于本发明而言, 核 心的内容在于通过添加一定量的纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂微合金元素而达到细化涂层的晶粒、 改善其韧性、 提高其各种耐腐蚀能力、 克服锌含量过高所带来的不良影响的目的。 而在此基 础上, 通过进一步选择合适的粒径、 合适的比表面积都只是为了使这一技术效果更突出, 更 优越, 因此, 尽管下述表 1-3 中均同时列出的这两个参数, 但都只是作为更优选的条件, 都 是为了更详细的给出关于本发明的技术信息, 而并非是作为本发明的必要条件加以描述。 实施例 1 :
一种耐海洋气候工程零件防腐处理用的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其由 Zn、 Al、 Si、 Mg、 RE、 Ti、 Ni和 1102纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂组成, 各组成成份占总质量百分比为: Zn: 35-58% , Si: 0.3-4.0%, Mg: 0.1-5.0%, RE: 0.02-1.0% , Ti: 0.01-0.5%, Ni: 0.1-3.0%, Ti02: 0.01-1.0%,
Al: 余量, 及不可避免的杂质, 具体的质量百分比含量及相关参数见下表 1 :
表 1 : 各组成成份占总重量的质量百分比含量 (¾>) 及相关参数
Figure imgf000006_0001
实施例 2:
一种耐海洋气候工程零件防腐处理用的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其由 Al、 Zn、 Si、 Mg、 RE、 Ti、 Ni和 CeO^fi米氧化物颗粒增强剂组成, 各组成成份占总质量百分比为: Zn: 35-58%, Si: 0.3-4.0%, Mg: 0.1-5.0%, RE: 0.02-1.0%, Ti: 0.01-0.5%, Ni: 0.1-3.0%, Ce02: 0.01-1.0%,
Al: 余量, 及不可避免的杂质, 具体的见下表 2:
表 2: 各组成成份占总重量的质量百分比含量 (<¾) 及相关参数
Figure imgf000007_0001
实施例 3:
所述热浸镀合金是由 Al、 Zn、 Si、 Mg、 RE、 Ti、 Ni和纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂组成, 其 中纳米氧化物颗粒为 TiO^BCe02, 且 1102和。602比例为 1: (1〜3), 按质量百分比计: 各 组成成份占总质量百分比为: Zn: 35-58%, Si: 0.3-4.0%, Mg: 0.1-5.0%, RE: 0.02-1.0%, Ti: 0.01-0.5%, Ni: 0.1-3.0%, 纳米氧化物颗粒 Ti02和 Ce02总的含量: 0.01-1.0%, A1: 余 量, 及不可避免的杂质, 具体的见下表 3:
表 3: 各组成成份占总重量的质量百分比含量 (<¾) 及相关参数
\元 Ti02禾口 Ce02 平均 平均比表
A1 Zn Si Mg RE Ti Ni 总的含量
粒径 面积
(Ti02:Ce02)
序\ (nm) (m2/g) 号 \
1 余量 35 4.0 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.0 (1:1) 20 80
2 余量 36 3.9 0.3 0.9 0.48 0.2 0.9 (1:1.2) 23 75
3 余量 37 3.8 0.5 0.8 0.45 0.3 0.8 (1:1.3) 25 70
4 余量 39 3.6 0.8 0.6 0.40 0.5 0.6 (1:1.4) 28 65
5 余量 41 3.2 1.0 0.4 0.35 0.7 0.4 (1:1.3) 30 60
6 余量 43 2.8 1.3 0.3 0.30 1.0 0.3 (1:1.5) 35 55
7 余量 45 2.5 1.8 0.2 0.25 1.3 0.2 (1:2) 40 50
8 余量 47 2.2 2.2 0.15 0.20 1.5 0.15 (1:3) 45 45
9 余量 49 1.8 2.6 0.13 0.15 1.8 0.13 (1:2) 50 40
10 余量 51 1.5 3.0 0.11 0.1 2.0 0.11 (1:1.8) 53 35
11 余量 53 1.0 3.5 0.09 0.08 2.4 0.09(1:1.5) 55 30
12 余量 55 0.8 4.0 0.07 0.05 2.6 0.07 (1:2) 58 25
13 余量 56 0.5 4.5 0.05 0.03 2.8 0.05(1:2.5) 60 20
14 余量 57 0.4 4.8 0.03 0.02 2.9 0.03(1:2.8) 65 18
15 余量 58 0.3 5.0 0.02 0.01 3.0 0.01 (1:3) 68 15 实施例 1-3 中, 优选的, 其中各组成成份占总质量百分比为: Zn: 41-51 % , Si: 1-3.2 % , Mg: 1.8-4% , RE: 0.05-0.8 % , Ti: 0.05-0.35 % , Ni: 1.5-2.6% , 纳米氧化物颗粒增强 剂总的含量: 0.05~0.8%。
更优选的, 所述 Zn含量为 45 %, 所述 Si含量为 1.8 %, 所述 Mg含量为 3.5 %, 所述 RE 含量为 0.6%, 所述 Ti含量为 0.25 %, 所述 Ni含量为 2%, 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂总的含量 为 0.2%。
另外, 通过大量的反复实验还发现, 如果对本发明采用的纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的松装 密度也能适当选择, 则最终获得的涂层性能、 效果将更为理想。
如果采用 Ti02, 则优选的, 其中所述 Ti02的松装密度不超过 3g/cm3
如果采用 Ce02, 则优选的, 其中所述 Ce02的松装密度不超过 5g/cm3
如果同时采用 Ti02和 Ce02,则优选的,其中所述 Ti02和。602平均松装密度为 0.6〜4.5 g/cm3
另外, 本发明还提供了一种制造所述的热浸镀合金的方法, 根据 Al、 Zn、 Si、 Mg、 RE、 Ti、 Ni、 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的质量百分比备料, 先在真空或气氛保护炉中将 A1加热升温 至 700~750°C溶化, 搅拌均匀, 加入 Si; 然后升温至 800~840°C后加 RE; 再加热升温至 830°C~850°C后加 Zn; 再加热升温至 850°C~880°C后加 Ni和 Ti; 经降温至 750~700°C后加入 Mg与纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂;再将温度降低到 700~650°C经搅拌均匀后静置 10~35分钟后浇 铸或压铸成锭。
优选的, 根据 Al、 Zn、 Si、 Mg、 RE、 Ti、 Ni、 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的质量百分比备料, 先在真空或气氛保护炉中将 A1加热升温至 720~750°C溶化, 搅拌均匀, 加入 Si; 然后升温至 820~840°C后加 RE; 再加热升温至 840°C~850°C后加 Zn; 再加热升温至 860°C~880°C后加 Ni 和 Ti; 经降温至 730~700°C后加入 Mg与纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂; 再将温度降低到 690~650°C 经搅拌均匀后静置 10~30分钟后浇铸或压铸成锭。
优选的, 经降温至 720~700°C后加入 Mg与纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂; 最后将温度降低到 690〜660°C保温 22〜28分钟获得的。
更优选的, 经降温至 71CTC后加入 Mg 与纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂; 最后再将温度降低到 680 °C保温 25分钟获得的。
其中所述加热过程中的升温速率为 10〜40°C/分钟, 所述降温过程中的降温速率为 20〜 60°C/分钟。
优选的, 其中所述加热过程中的升温速率为 20〜30°C/分钟, 所述降温过程中的降温速率 为 30〜50°C/分钟。
更优选的, 其中所述加热过程中的升温速率为 25°C/分钟, 所述降温过程中的降温速率为 40°C/分钟。 耐腐蚀性实验结果
实施例 4
某近海岸风力发电机组关键零件"叶片根部法兰垫片"(尺寸: 2200x30mm,材质 Q345), 原采用常规的涂层防护处理, 仅数月后即产生显著的腐蚀。 采用本发明热镀合金作为镀覆材 料, 形成 150μηι厚渗镀涂层, 再涂装 20μηι厚的脂肪族聚氨酯涂料, 经加速腐蚀模拟试验结 果表明在海水飞溅带环境中其耐久性可超过 20年。
实施例 5
某近海岸风力发电机组关键零件"连接螺栓" (尺寸: M36xl000m, 材质 40CrNiMo), 原 采用常规的涂装防护处理, 仅数月后即产生显著的腐蚀。采用本发明热镀合金作为镀覆材料, 形成 ΙΟΟμηι厚渗镀涂层, 再涂装 15μηι厚的聚硅氧垸, 经加速腐蚀模拟试验结果表明在海水 飞溅带环境中其耐久性可超过 20年。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种耐海洋气候工程零件防腐处理用的热浸镀铸铝合金,其中所述铸铝合金由 Al、 Zn、 Si、 Mg、 RE、 Ti、 Ni和纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂组成,所述纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂选自 Ti02、 Ce02中的一种或两种, 各组成成份占总质量百分比为: Zn: 35-58% , Si: 0.3-4.0% , Mg: 0.1-5.0% , RE: 0.02-1.0% , Ti: 0.01-0.5% , Ni: 0.1-3.0% , 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂总的 含量: 0.01~1.0%, 余量为 A1及不可避免的杂质。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的热浸镀铸铝合金,其中纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂是均匀的球体颗粒, 且纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的比表面积和平均粒径满足如下关系式:
比表面积 (m2 / g) =
P - D
其中 )代表平均粒径;
?代表密度。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其中所述 Ti02的平均粒径为 15~60nm。
4. 如权利要求 1或 3所述的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其中所述 Ti02的比表面积为 20~90m2/g。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其中所述 Ce02的平均粒径为 25~70nm。
6. 如权利要求 1或 5所述的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其中所述 Ce02的比表面积为 10~80m2/g。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其中纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂为 1102和 Ce02, 且 Ti02和 Ce02质量比为 1: ( 1~3 )。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的热浸镀铸铝合金, 其中各组成成份占总质量百分比为: Zn: 41-51 % , Si: 1-3.2% , Mg: 1.8-4 % , RE: 0.05-0.8 % , Ti: 0.05-0.35 % , Ni: 1.5-2.6 % , 纳 米氧化物颗粒增强剂总的含量: 0.05~0.8%。
9. 一种制造权利要求 1所述热浸镀铸铝合金的方法, 根据 Al、 Zn、 Si、 Mg、 RE、 Ti、 Ni、 纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂的质量百分比备料, 先在真空或气氛保护炉中将 A1加热升温 至 700~750°C溶化, 搅拌均匀, 加入 Si; 然后升温至 800~840°C后加 RE; 再加热升温至 830°C~850°C后加 Zn; 再加热升温至 850°C~880°C后加 Ni和 Ti; 经降温至 750~700°C后加 入 Mg与纳米氧化物颗粒增强剂; 再将温度降低到 700~650°C经搅拌均匀后静置 10~35分 钟后浇铸或压铸成锭。
10.如权利要求 9所述的方法, 所述加热过程中的升温速率为 10~40°C/分钟, 所述降温过 程中的降温速率为 20~60°C/分钟。
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