WO2011043257A1 - トナー用ポリエステル系樹脂 - Google Patents
トナー用ポリエステル系樹脂 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011043257A1 WO2011043257A1 PCT/JP2010/067228 JP2010067228W WO2011043257A1 WO 2011043257 A1 WO2011043257 A1 WO 2011043257A1 JP 2010067228 W JP2010067228 W JP 2010067228W WO 2011043257 A1 WO2011043257 A1 WO 2011043257A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- resin
- acid
- polyester
- carboxylic acid
- Prior art date
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- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound CCCO[Ti](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010388 propyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000473 propyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075579 propyl gallate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003232 pyrogallols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OBBXFSIWZVFYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [Sn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OBBXFSIWZVFYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/52—Polycarboxylic acids or polyhydroxy compounds in which at least one of the two components contains aliphatic unsaturation
- C08G63/54—Polycarboxylic acids or polyhydroxy compounds in which at least one of the two components contains aliphatic unsaturation the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/547—Hydroxy compounds containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/60—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from the reaction of a mixture of hydroxy carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08755—Polyesters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyester resin for toner used for developing a latent image formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method, etc., a binder resin for toner containing the polyester resin, and the binder.
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic toner containing a resin.
- polyesters having excellent low-temperature fixability have been studied as binder resins for toners.
- carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring that can improve the glass transition point while maintaining a low softening point are used as raw materials.
- Polyester obtained by using as a monomer is used.
- Patent Document 1 there is a problem of a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image in which a small amount of fine particle particles generated as a by-product at the time of toner polymerization is further reduced, and a residual amount of a decomposition product of a polymerization initiator remaining in the toner is reduced.
- a polymerizable monomer composition containing at least a polymerizable monomer and a colorant is suspended in an aqueous dispersion medium containing a dispersion stabilizer, and droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition are dispersed.
- a method for producing a toner for developing electrostatic images comprising a suspension step for obtaining a dispersed suspension, and a polymerization step for subjecting the suspension to suspension polymerization in the presence of a polymerization initiator to obtain colored resin particles.
- a production method is disclosed in which 0.01 to 1 part by weight of the small particle size inhibitor is added to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer in the aqueous dispersion medium.
- Caffeic acid is described as a small particle size fine particle inhibitor.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a core material having at least a reversibly colorable and erasable colorant for the purpose of providing a method for deinking and reproducing an image receiving sheet used in an image forming method such as electrophotography. And a shell material made of a shell-forming resin that coats the core material, and discloses a microencapsulated toner, in which coumaric acid is described as a colorant.
- a toner using a polyester obtained by using a carboxylic acid having an aromatic ring as a raw material monomer has a problem that charging stability is lowered under high temperature and high humidity, and in a toner corresponding to speeding up of a machine, Improvement in charging stability under high temperature and high humidity is desired.
- the present invention relates to a polyester resin for toner that can improve the charging stability under high temperature and high humidity while maintaining the low temperature fixability and storage stability of the toner, a binder resin containing the polyester resin, and
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic toner containing the binder resin.
- the present invention relates to a polyester system for toner that can improve charging stability under high temperature and high humidity (hereinafter also simply referred to as charging stability) while maintaining low temperature fixing property, storage property and durability of the toner.
- the present invention relates to a resin, a binder resin containing the polyester resin, and an electrophotographic toner containing the binder resin.
- a polyester resin for toner obtained by condensation polymerization of a carboxylic acid component and an alcohol component which is represented by the formula (Ia):
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group
- X is —COOR 3 (R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms) or —CH 2. OH, except that R 1 and R 2 are both hydrogen atoms.)
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- OH except that R 1 and R 2 are both hydrogen atoms.
- a polyester-based resin for toner obtained by using an aromatic compound represented by the carboxylic acid component and / or the alcohol component, [2] Formula (Ib):
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group
- X is —COOR 3 (R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms) or —CH 2.
- a polyester-based resin for a toner obtained by polycondensation of a reaction product obtained by reacting an aromatic compound represented by the above and a carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group, a carboxylic acid component, and an alcohol component; [3] A toner binder resin comprising the toner polyester resin according to [1] or [2], and [4] an electron comprising the binder resin according to [3].
- the present invention relates to a photographic toner.
- the polyester resin for toner of the present invention is an excellent binder resin for electrophotographic toner that can improve the charging stability under high temperature and high humidity while maintaining the low temperature fixability and storage stability of the toner. It is effective. Further, by using a reaction product of a specific aromatic compound and a carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group as the polyester resin for toner, the durability of the toner is further improved.
- the polyester-based resin for toner of the present invention is characterized in that it is obtained by using a specific aromatic compound having a vinylene group in an aromatic ring.
- a specific aromatic compound having a vinylene group in an aromatic ring obtained by using a specific aromatic compound having a vinylene group in an aromatic ring.
- a polyester-based resin for toner obtained by condensation polymerization of a carboxylic acid component and an alcohol component which is represented by the formula (Ia):
- Polyester resin for toners obtained by using the aromatic compound represented by the above as the carboxylic acid component and / or the alcohol component.
- Polyester resin for toners obtained by polycondensation of a reaction product obtained by reacting an aromatic compound represented by the above and a carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group, a carboxylic acid component, and an alcohol component
- the polyester-based resin for toner of the present invention is excellent in charging stability under high temperature and high humidity while maintaining the low-temperature fixability and storage stability of the toner. Since the aromatic compound has a vinylene group in the aromatic ring, when used as a polyester monomer, the glass transition point can be increased while lowering the softening point, and conventional terephthalic acid can be used. And aromatic carboxylic acid compounds such as isophthalic acid, the aromatic ring is more easily resonance-stabilized, and electrons are stored in the aromatic ring. As a result, charging stability, especially charging at high temperature and high humidity It is considered that the stability is remarkably improved.
- the polyester resin of embodiment A is represented by the formula (Ia):
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group
- X is —COOR 3 (R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms) or —CH 2. OH, except that R 1 and R 2 are both hydrogen atoms.) It is represented by
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and a hydroxyl group is preferred from the viewpoint of resonance stability of the aromatic ring.
- the reactivity of the hydroxyl group directly bonded to the aromatic ring is low, but the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ia) is easily stabilized by resonance, so that the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups of R 1 and R 2 is increased. Conceivable.
- the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ia) acts as either a carboxylic acid component or an alcohol component during the condensation polymerization as a polyester raw material monomer depending on the type of functional group. Since hydroxycarboxylic acid is mainly polycondensed as a carboxylic acid component, in the present invention, for convenience, the aromatic compound is a hydroxycarboxylic acid in which X has a carboxyl group, that is, X is —COOR 3. When X is an alcohol having no carboxyl group, that is, when X is —CH 2 OH, the carboxylic acid component is regarded as an alcohol component and used for calculating the content and molar ratio.
- the aromatic compound used as the carboxylic acid component may be caffeic acid (X: —COOH, R 1 : hydroxyl group, R 2 : from the viewpoint of charging stability of the toner. At least one of hydroxyl group) and coumaric acid (X: —COOH, R 1 : hydroxyl group, R 2 : hydrogen atom) is more preferred.
- coumaryl alcohol —CH 2 OH, R 1 : hydroxyl group, R 2 : hydrogen atom
- caffeyl alcohol X : -CH 2 OH, R 1 : hydroxyl group, R 2 : hydroxyl group
- the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ia) may be contained in either one or both of the carboxylic acid component and the alcohol component.
- the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ia) includes at least one selected from coumaric acid and caffeic acid and at least one selected from coumaryl alcohol and caffeyl alcohol. It is preferable.
- the content of the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ia) is the total amount of the carboxylic acid component and the alcohol component constituting the polyester resin (that is, the carboxylic acid used in the polycondensation reaction) from the viewpoint of toner charging stability.
- the total amount of the component and the alcohol component) is preferably 0.5 to 80 mol%, more preferably 2.5 to 80 mol%, still more preferably 2.5 to 60 mol%, still more preferably 5 to 50 mol%, and still more preferably Is 7 to 25 mol%, more preferably 7 to 15 mol%.
- the content of the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ia) in the carboxylic acid component (that is, the carboxylic acid component used in the polycondensation reaction) constituting the polyester resin is determined from the viewpoint of charging stability of the toner. And preferably 0.5 to 80 mol%, more preferably 2.5 to 80 mol%, still more preferably 2.5 to 60 mol%, still more preferably 5 to 50 mol%, and even more preferably 7 to 40 mol%. More preferably, it is 7 to 25 mol%.
- the content of the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ia) in the alcohol component constituting the polyester resin (that is, the alcohol component used in the polycondensation reaction) is preferably 0.5 from the viewpoint of charging stability of the toner. ⁇ 80 mol%, more preferably 2.5 to 80 mol%, still more preferably 2.5 to 60 mol%, still more preferably 5 to 50 mol%, still more preferably 7 to 40 mol%, still more preferably Is 7 to 25 mol%.
- the carboxylic acid component and the alcohol component used in the polyester-based resin for toner of aspect A may contain a carboxylic acid compound and / or an alcohol other than the aromatic compound.
- R 4 O and OR 4 are oxyalkylene groups, R 4 is an ethylene and / or propylene group, x and y indicate the number of moles of alkylene oxide added, each being a positive number, The average value of the sum of y and y is preferably 1 to 16, more preferably 1 to 8, and even more preferably 1.5 to 4.
- the alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A is preferable from the viewpoint of toner storage stability.
- alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A represented by the formula (II) include 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane polyoxypropylene adduct and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy). And an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A such as a polyoxyethylene adduct of phenyl) propane.
- the content of the alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A is preferably 20 to 100 mol%, more preferably 30 to 100 mol%, still more preferably 50 to 100 mol% in the alcohol component from the viewpoint of toner storage stability. It is.
- the content of the alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A is preferably 30 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 50% in the alcohol component from the viewpoint of toner storage stability. 100 mol%, more preferably 80 to 100 mol%.
- the content of the alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A is determined from the viewpoint of toner storage stability.
- the alcohol component it is preferably 0 to 90 mol%, more preferably 20 to 90 mol%, still more preferably 30 to 85 mol%.
- An aliphatic diol preferably an aliphatic diol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, is preferable from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability of the toner.
- Aliphatic diols include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,3-hexanediol, 1,4-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-butenediol, neopentyl glycol, 2,3-butanediol, 2,3-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 2,3-hexanediol, 3,4- Examples include hexanediol, 2,4-he
- an aliphatic diol having a hydroxyl group bonded to a secondary carbon atom is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent low-temperature fixability and storage stability of the toner.
- Such aliphatic diols preferably have 3 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability and storage stability, and specific preferred examples include 1,2-propanediol, 1, Examples include 2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 2,3-pentanediol, and 2,4-pentanediol. .
- the content of the aliphatic diol is preferably 20 to 100 mol%, more preferably 30 to 100 mol%, still more preferably 50 to 100 mol% in the alcohol component from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability of the toner.
- the content of the aliphatic diol is preferably 30 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 90 mol% in the alcohol component from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability of the toner. More preferably, it is 80 to 100 mol%.
- the content of the aliphatic diol is determined in the alcohol component from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability of the toner. , Preferably 0 to 90 mol%, more preferably 20 to 90 mol%, still more preferably 30 to 85 mol%.
- trivalent or higher alcohols such as glycerin, pentaerythritol, and trimethylolpropane may be used.
- the carboxylic acid component other than the aromatic compound is preferably an aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound or an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the carboxylic acid compound is generically referred to as a carboxylic acid compound, including carboxylic acid, acid anhydride, alkyl (carbon number 1 to 3) ester derivatives, and the like.
- Aromatic dicarboxylic acid compounds such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid are preferred from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability and storage stability of the toner.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound is preferably 20 to 100 mol%, more preferably 30 to 90 mol%, and still more preferably 40 to 80 mol% from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability and storage stability of the toner. is there.
- the content of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound is low-temperature fixability and storage stability of the toner. From the viewpoint, it is preferably 20 to 90 mol%, more preferably 30 to 90 mol%, and still more preferably 30 to 80 mol% in the carboxylic acid component.
- the content of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound is preferably 20 to 100 mol%, more preferably in the carboxylic acid component, from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability and storage stability of the toner. It is 30 to 90 mol%, more preferably 40 to 80 mol%.
- Aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compounds such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and azelaic acid are preferred from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability.
- the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 9 carbon atoms.
- the content of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound is from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability of the toner.
- the carboxylic acid component it is preferably 20 to 90 mol%, more preferably 30 to 90 mol%, still more preferably 30 to 80 mol%.
- the content of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound is preferably 20 to 100 mol%, more preferably 30 to 90% in the carboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability of the toner.
- the mol% is more preferably 40 to 80 mol%.
- carboxylic acid compounds such as cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid, cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids; trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and other polyvalent carboxylic acids; rosin; modified with fumaric acid, maleic acid, acrylic acid, etc. Rosin and the like.
- the carboxylic acid component contains a trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid compound, preferably a trimellitic acid compound, more preferably trimellitic anhydride, from the viewpoint of increasing the molecular weight and improving the fixability and storage stability. It is desirable that The content of the trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid compound is preferably 0.1 to 30 mol%, more preferably 1 to 25 mol%, and still more preferably 5 to 25 mol% in the carboxylic acid component.
- the alcohol component may contain a monovalent alcohol
- the carboxylic acid component may contain a monovalent carboxylic acid compound as appropriate from the viewpoint of adjusting the molecular weight and improving offset resistance.
- the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid component to the alcohol component is preferably 0.75 to 1.3, more preferably 0.8 to 1.3.
- the polycondensation of the alcohol component and the carboxylic acid component is preferably performed at a temperature of 160 to 250 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere in the presence of an esterification catalyst such as a tin compound or a titanium compound.
- the polycondensation reaction of the compound is preferably from 160 to 210 ° C, more preferably from 170 to 200 ° C, from the viewpoints of reactivity and thermal decomposability. More preferably, after the polycondensation reaction of the divalent alcohol component and the divalent carboxylic acid component other than the aromatic compound, the aromatic compound is added, and the polycondensation reaction is performed at the above temperature. From the viewpoint of reactivity and thermal decomposability, it is preferable.
- tin compound for example, dibutyltin oxide is known, but in the present invention, a tin (II) compound having no Sn—C bond is preferable from the viewpoint of good dispersibility in the polyester. .
- Examples of the tin (II) compound having no Sn—C bond include a tin (II) compound having a Sn—O bond, a tin (II) compound having a Sn—X (X represents a halogen atom) bond, and the like.
- a tin (II) compound having a Sn—O bond is more preferable.
- tin (II) compounds having Sn-O bonds include tin (II) oxalate, tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (II) 2-ethylhexanoate, and tin (II) laurate.
- Tin (II) carboxylate having a carboxylic acid group having 2 to 28 carbon atoms such as tin (II) stearate, tin (II) oleate; octyloxy tin (II), lauroxy tin (II), stearoxy tin (II) ), Alkoxytin (II) having an alkoxy group having 2 to 28 carbon atoms, such as oleyloxytin (II); tin (II) oxide; tin (II) sulfate, Sn—X (X represents a halogen atom)
- Examples of the tin (II) compound having a bond include tin (II) halides such as tin (II) chloride and tin (II) bromide.
- titanium compounds include titanium diisopropylate bistriethanolamate [Ti (C 6 H 14 O 3 N) 2 (C 3 H 7 O) 2 ], titanium diisopropylate bisdiethanolamate [Ti (C 4 H 10 O 2 N) 2 (C 3 H 7 O) 2 ], titanium dipentylate bistriethanolamate [Ti (C 6 H 14 O 3 N) 2 (C 5 H 11 O) 2 ], titanium diety rate bis triethanolaminate [Ti (C 6 H 14 O 3 N) 2 (C 2 H 5 O) 2 ], titanium dihydroxy octylate bis triethanolaminate [Ti (C 6 H 14 O 3 N) 2 (OHC 8 H 16 O) 2 ], titanium distearate bistriethanolamate [Ti (C 6 H 14 O 3 N) 2 (C 18 H 37 O) 2 ], titanium triisopropylate triethanolamate [Ti (C 6 H 14 O 3 N) (C 3 H 7 O) 3 ], titanium monopropylate tris (tris (
- titanium compounds include tetra-n-butyl titanate [Ti (C 4 H 9 O) 4 ], tetrapropyl titanate [Ti (C 3 H 7 O) 4 ], tetrastearyl titanate [Ti ( C 18 H 37 O) 4 ], tetramyristyl titanate [Ti (C 14 H 29 O) 4 ], tetraoctyl titanate [Ti (C 8 H 17 O) 4 ], dioctyl dihydroxyoctyl titanate [Ti (C 8 H 17 O) 2 (OHC 8 H 16 O) 2 ], dimyristyl dioctyl titanate [Ti (C 14 H 29 O) 2 (C 8 H 17 O) 2 ] and the like.
- tetrastearyl titanate tetra Myristyl titanate
- tetraoctyl titanate tetraoctyl titanate
- dioctyl dihydroxy octyl titanate are preferred. These can be obtained, for example, by reacting a titanium halide with a corresponding alcohol, or can be obtained as a commercial product such as Nisso.
- the amount of the esterification catalyst present is preferably from 0.01 to 2.0 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 1.5 parts by weight, even more preferably from 0.2 to 1.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the alcohol component and the carboxylic acid component.
- the abundance of the esterification catalyst means the total amount of the catalyst subjected to the condensation polymerization reaction.
- the reactivity of the aromatic compound used in the present invention is reduced. It is preferable from the viewpoint of enhancing the toner storage stability.
- pyrogallol compounds include pyrogallol, gallic acid, gallic acid esters, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone, benzophenone derivatives such as 2,2 ', 3,4-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, etc.
- R 7 to R 9 are each independently a hydrogen atom or —COOR 10
- R 10 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or carbon Represents an alkenyl group of 2 to 12
- the hydrocarbon group of R 10 preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of reaction activity.
- a compound in which R 7 and R 9 are hydrogen atoms and R 8 is a hydrogen atom or —COOR 10 is more preferable.
- gallic acid and gallic acid esters are preferred. From the viewpoint of toner storage stability, gallic acid and gallic acid esters are preferred.
- the amount of the pyrogallol compound in the condensation polymerization reaction is preferably 0.001 to 1.0 part by weight and more preferably 0.005 to 0.4 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the raw material monomer subjected to the condensation polymerization reaction, from the viewpoint of storage stability of the toner.
- the amount is preferably 0.01 to 0.2 parts by weight.
- the abundance of the pyrogallol compound means the total amount of the pyrogallol compound subjected to the condensation polymerization reaction.
- the pyrogallol compound is considered to work as a promoter for the esterification catalyst.
- the esterification catalyst used together with the pyrogallol compound is preferably at least one metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of tin compounds, titanium compounds, antimony trioxide, zinc acetate, and germanium dioxide.
- the weight ratio of the pyrogallol compound to the esterification catalyst is preferably from 0.01 to 0.5, more preferably from 0.03 to 0.3, and even more preferably from 0.05 to 0.2, from the viewpoint of toner storage stability.
- the polyester-based resin of the present invention refers to a resin containing a polyester unit by condensation polymerization of an alcohol component and a carboxylic acid component, and includes not only polyester but also polyester / polyamide. Among these, durability and charge stability From the viewpoint of properties, polyester is preferred.
- the polyester may be a polyester modified to such an extent that the characteristics are not substantially impaired.
- polyester-modified resin examples include a urethane-modified polyester obtained by modifying a polyester with a urethane bond, an epoxy-modified polyester obtained by modifying a polyester with an epoxy bond, and two or more resin components including a polyester component and a vinyl resin component.
- polyester-modified resin examples include composite resins.
- a composite resin having a polyester component and a vinyl resin component is prepared by a method of melt-kneading each resin in the presence of an initiator or the like, a method of dissolving and mixing each resin in a solvent, It may be produced by any method such as a method of polymerizing the raw material monomer mixture.
- a resin obtained by a method of performing a condensation polymerization reaction and an addition polymerization reaction using a raw material monomer for the polyester component and a raw material monomer for the vinyl resin component is preferable (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-98518).
- the resin in addition to the raw material monomer of the condensation polymerization resin and the raw material monomer of the addition polymerization resin, a compound capable of reacting with both the raw material monomer of the condensation polymerization resin and the raw material monomer of the addition polymerization resin (both reactions) It is preferable that the resin be a hybrid resin (resin in which a condensation polymerization resin and an addition polymerization resin are partially bonded via an both-reactive monomer).
- a compound having a carboxyl group, more preferably a carboxyl group and an ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferred, and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and fumaric acid are more preferred.
- Raw material monomers for vinyl resin components include styrene compounds such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; ethylenically unsaturated monoolefins such as ethylene and propylene; diolefins such as butadiene; halovinyls such as vinyl chloride; vinyl acetate Vinyl esters such as vinyl propionate; alkyl (carbon number 1 to 18) esters of (meth) acrylic acid, esters of ethylenic monocarboxylic acids such as dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether And vinylidene halides such as vinylidene chloride; N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinylpyrrolidone and the like.
- styrene compounds such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene
- ethylenically unsaturated monoolefins such as ethylene and prop
- Styrene, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate are preferable from the viewpoints of reactivity, grindability, and charge stability, and alkyl ester of styrene and / or (meth) acrylic acid is a vinyl resin component.
- the content is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 80 to 100% by weight.
- a polymerization initiator when polymerizing the raw material monomer of the vinyl resin component, a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking agent, or the like may be used as necessary.
- the weight ratio of the raw material monomer of the polyester component to the raw material monomer of the vinyl resin component is preferably 55/45 to from the viewpoint of forming a continuous phase with the polyester component. 95/5, more preferably 60/40 to 95/5, still more preferably 70/30 to 90/10.
- the bireactive monomer is a raw material monomer for the polyester component.
- the softening point of the polyester resin of embodiment A is preferably 90 to 160 ° C., more preferably 100 to 150 ° C., and further preferably 105 to 145 ° C. from the viewpoints of toner fixability, storage stability and durability.
- high softening point resin high softening point resin
- low resin low softening point resin
- the difference in softening point between the high softening point resin and the low softening point resin is preferably 10 ° C. or more, more preferably 20 to 60 ° C.
- the softening point of the high softening point resin is preferably 125 to 160 ° C., more preferably 130 to 150 ° C.
- the softening point of the low softening point resin is preferably 90 ° C. or more and less than 125 ° C., more preferably 90 to 110 ° C.
- the weight ratio of the high softening point resin to the low softening point resin is preferably 1/3 to 3/1, and more preferably 1/2 to 2/1.
- the glass transition point is preferably 45 to 85 ° C., more preferably 50 to 80 ° C., from the viewpoint of toner fixability, storage stability and durability.
- the acid value is preferably 5 to 90 mgKOH / g, more preferably 10 to 80 mgKOH / g, still more preferably 10 to 70 mgKOH / g, and the hydroxyl value is preferably 1 to 80 mgKOH / g, 8 ⁇ 60 mg KOH / g is more preferred, and 8 to 55 mg KOH / g is more preferred.
- the polyester resin of embodiment B has the formula (Ib):
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group
- X is —COOR 3 (R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms) or —CH 2.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- OH —CH 2.
- It has a great feature in that it is a resin obtained by polycondensation reaction of a reaction product obtained by reacting an aromatic compound represented by the following formula with a carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group.
- durability is maintained in addition to low-temperature fixability, storage stability, and stability. This is because a reaction product obtained by reacting the aromatic compound with a carboxylic acid compound having a reactive unsaturated group is used, so that the aromatic compound does not undergo a polycondensation reaction directly. It is presumed that the reactivity of the polycondensation reaction is increased and the polyester resin is likely to have a high molecular weight.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and a hydroxyl group is preferred from the viewpoint of charging stability due to resonance stability of the aromatic ring.
- the reactivity of the hydroxyl group directly bonded to the aromatic ring is low, but the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ib) is easily stabilized by resonance, so that the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups of R 1 and R 2 is increased. Conceivable.
- carboxylic acid includes cinnamic acid (X: —COOH, R 1 : hydrogen atom, R 2 : hydrogen atom), caffeic acid from the viewpoint of charging stability of the toner. At least one selected from the group consisting of (X: —COOH, R 1 : hydroxyl group, R 2 : hydroxyl group) and coumaric acid (X: —COOH, R 1 : hydroxyl group, R 2 : hydrogen atom) is preferred.
- coumaryl alcohol X: —CH 2 OH, R 1 : hydroxyl group, R 2 : hydrogen atom is used from the viewpoint of charging stability of the toner.
- caffeyl alcohol X: —CH 2 OH, R 1 : hydroxyl group, R 2 : hydroxyl group
- carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group examples include monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid; polyvalent carboxylic acids such as itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, and 2-methacryloyloxymethyl succinic acid. From the viewpoint of reactivity, at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth) acrylic acid, fumaric acid and maleic acid is preferable. These may be used as alkyl (C1-8) esters or anhydrides.
- the reaction temperature when the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ib) is reacted with the carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group is preferably 140 ° C. to 210 ° C., more preferably 150 ° C. to 180 ° C.
- a polymerization inhibitor in order to suppress the addition reaction between carboxylic acids having a reactive unsaturated group.
- the mixing molar ratio of the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ib) to be used for the reaction and the carboxylic acid component having a reactive unsaturated group improves the reactivity, and low-temperature fixability, storage stability, and charging stability of the toner. And from the viewpoint of improving durability, it is preferably 1/5 to 5/1, more preferably 1/3 to 3/1, still more preferably 1/2 to 2/1, and more preferably in the vicinity of equimolarity. .
- the aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ib) is preferably heated and melted and then reacted with a carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group.
- the reaction time is preferably 2 to 20 hours, more preferably 5 to 13 hours.
- the end point of the reaction is such that the weight average molecular weight is not less than the total molecular weight of the aromatic compound used and the carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group in the molecular weight measurement by GPC described later.
- the time point when the weight average molecular weight of GPC reaches 350 may be regarded as the end point of the addition reaction.
- the weight average molecular weight of the obtained reaction product is preferably 350 to 2000, more preferably 350 to 1500, still more preferably 350 to 1000, and still more preferably 350 to 700 under the measurement conditions described later.
- the reaction product is considered to contain as a main component a product obtained by an addition reaction between an aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ib) and a carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group. That is, when the aromatic compound is a hydroxycarboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid, the main reactant obtained by the addition reaction between the aromatic compound and a carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group is a divalent or higher polyvalent having a hydroxy group. It is considered to be a polyvalent carboxylic acid or a divalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid.
- the main reactant obtained by the addition reaction between the aromatic compound and a carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group is a hydroxycarboxylic acid or a divalent or higher polyvalent having a hydroxy group. It is considered to be a divalent carboxylic acid.
- the reaction product contains a divalent or higher carboxylic acid compound to improve the reactivity with the condensation polymerization reaction with an alcohol component or a carboxylic acid component, from the viewpoint of toner durability and charge stability. preferable.
- R 4 O and OR 4 are oxyalkylene groups, R 4 is an ethylene and / or propylene group, x and y indicate the number of moles of alkylene oxide added, each being a positive number, The average value of the sum of y and y is preferably 1 to 16, more preferably 1 to 8, and even more preferably 1.5 to 4.
- the alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A is preferable from the viewpoint of toner storage stability.
- alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A represented by the formula (II) include 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane polyoxypropylene adduct and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy). And an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A such as a polyoxyethylene adduct of phenyl) propane.
- the content of the alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A is preferably 20 to 100 mol%, more preferably 30 to 100 mol%, still more preferably 50 to 100 mol% in the alcohol component from the viewpoint of toner storage stability. It is.
- An aliphatic diol preferably an aliphatic diol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, is preferable from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability of the toner.
- Aliphatic diols include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,3-hexanediol, 1,4-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-butenediol, neopentyl glycol, 2,3-butanediol, 2,3-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 2,3-hexanediol, 3,4- Examples include hexanediol, 2,4-he
- an aliphatic diol having a hydroxyl group bonded to a secondary carbon atom is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent low-temperature fixability, storage stability, and charging stability of the toner.
- Such aliphatic diols preferably have 3 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability and storage stability, and specific preferred examples include 1,2-propanediol, 1, Examples include 2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 2,3-pentanediol, and 2,4-pentanediol. .
- the content of the aliphatic diol is preferably 20 to 100 mol%, more preferably 30 to 100 mol%, still more preferably 50 to 100 mol% in the alcohol component from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability of the toner.
- the carboxylic acid component used in embodiment B is preferably an aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound or an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the carboxylic acid compound is generically referred to as a carboxylic acid compound, including carboxylic acid, acid anhydride, alkyl (carbon number 1 to 3) ester derivatives, and the like.
- Aromatic dicarboxylic acid compounds such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid are preferred from the viewpoint of the balance between low-temperature fixability, storage stability and charge stability of the toner.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound is preferably 20 to 100 mol%, more preferably 30 to 90 mol%, and still more preferably 40 to 80 mol% from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability and storage stability of the toner. is there.
- Aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compounds such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and azelaic acid are preferred from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability.
- Such an aliphatic compound preferably contains at least one hydroxy group and one carboxyl group from the viewpoint of toner durability.
- glycerin trimethylolpropane
- malic acid tartaric acid
- citric acid pentaerythritol and the like.
- the content of the aliphatic compound having a total number of hydroxy groups and carboxyl groups of 3 or more is preferably 0.1 to 40 mol% in the raw material monomer composed of a carboxylic acid component and an alcohol component from the viewpoint of high temperature offset resistance of the toner. More preferably, it is 1 to 30 mol%, and further preferably 5 to 15 mol%.
- the toner contains a trivalent or higher aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acid compound, preferably a trimellitic acid compound, more preferably trimellitic anhydride. It is desirable that The content of the trivalent or higher aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acid compound is preferably 0.1 to 30 mol%, more preferably 1 to 25 mol%, and still more preferably 5 to 25 mol% in the carboxylic acid component.
- the alcohol component may contain a monovalent alcohol
- the carboxylic acid component may contain a monovalent carboxylic acid compound as appropriate from the viewpoint of adjusting the molecular weight and improving offset resistance.
- a polyester for toner according to aspect B obtained by polycondensing a reaction product, an alcohol component, and a carboxylic acid component obtained by reacting an aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ib) with a carboxylic acid having a reactive unsaturated group Based resin is obtained.
- the amount of the reaction product to be subjected to the condensation polymerization reaction between the carboxylic acid component and the alcohol component is 100% by weight of the total amount of the carboxylic acid component and the alcohol component from the viewpoint of low temperature fixability, storage stability, charging stability and durability of the toner.
- the carboxylic acid component or alcohol component used in the above calculation does not include a bireactive monomer described later.
- the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid component to the alcohol component is preferably 0.5 to 1.3, more preferably 0.6 to 1.1.
- the polycondensation reaction is preferably performed at a temperature of 160 to 250 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere in the presence of an esterification catalyst such as a tin compound or a titanium compound. More preferably, from the viewpoint of improving the reactivity of the reactant, improving charging stability and durability, and improving decomposition stability, the carboxylic acid component and the alcohol component are preferably 200 to 250 ° C., more
- the method preferably includes a step of subjecting the polycondensation reaction to preferably 210 to 240 ° C., and then adding the reactant, and preferably performing a polycondensation reaction at 160 to 210 ° C., more preferably 170 to 200 ° C.
- Examples of the tin compound and the titanium compound include the same compounds as in the embodiment A.
- the amount of the esterification catalyst present is preferably 0.01 to 2.0 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.2 to 1.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the reactant, alcohol component and carboxylic acid component. Is more preferable.
- the abundance of the esterification catalyst means the total amount of the catalyst subjected to the condensation polymerization reaction.
- a pyrogallol compound having a benzene ring in which hydrogen atoms bonded to three carbon atoms adjacent to each other are substituted with a hydroxyl group as a co-catalyst together with an esterification catalyst increases the reactivity of the reactant used in embodiment B, This is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the storage stability of the toner.
- Examples of the pyrogallol compound include the same compounds as in Aspect A.
- the amount of the pyrogallol compound in the condensation polymerization reaction is 0.001 to 1.0 part by weight from the viewpoint of storage stability of the toner with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total of the reactant, alcohol component and carboxylic acid component subjected to the condensation polymerization reaction. Is preferably 0.005 to 0.4 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.2 parts by weight.
- the abundance of the pyrogallol compound means the total amount of the pyrogallol compound subjected to the condensation polymerization reaction.
- the pyrogallol compound is considered to work as a promoter for the esterification catalyst.
- the esterification catalyst used together with the pyrogallol compound is preferably at least one metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of tin compounds, titanium compounds, antimony trioxide, zinc acetate, and germanium dioxide.
- the weight ratio of the pyrogallol compound to the esterification catalyst is preferably from 0.01 to 0.5, more preferably from 0.03 to 0.3, and even more preferably from 0.05 to 0.2, from the viewpoint of toner storage stability.
- the polyester resin of embodiment B refers to a resin containing a polyester unit by condensation polymerization of a reactant, an alcohol component, and a carboxylic acid component.
- the polyester may be a polyester modified to such an extent that the characteristics are not substantially impaired.
- polyester-modified resin examples include polyester / polyamide, urethane-modified polyester in which polyester is modified with a urethane bond, epoxy-modified polyester in which polyester is modified with an epoxy bond, and two or more kinds including a polyester component and a vinyl resin component.
- polyester-modified resin examples include a composite resin having a resin component.
- the weight ratio of the raw material monomer of the polyester component (including the reactant) to the raw material monomer of the vinyl resin component (the raw material monomer of the polyester component / the raw material monomer of the vinyl resin component) Preferably, 55/45 to 95/5, more preferably 60/40 to 95/5, and even more preferably 70/30 to 90/10.
- the bireactive monomer is a raw material monomer for the polyester component.
- the softening point of the polyester resin of embodiment B is preferably 90 to 160 ° C., more preferably 100 to 150 ° C., and further preferably 105 to 145 ° C. from the viewpoints of toner fixing properties, storage stability and durability.
- the softening point is preferably 10 ° C. or higher. It is preferably composed of a high softening point resin and a low softening point resin, which are different from 10 to 60 ° C., more preferably from 20 to 60 ° C.
- the softening point of the high softening point resin is preferably more than 120 ° C and not more than 160 ° C, more preferably 125 to 150 ° C, and the softening point of the low softening point resin is preferably 90 to 120 ° C, more preferably 90 ° C. ⁇ 115 ° C.
- the weight ratio of the high softening point resin to the low softening point resin is preferably 1/3 to 3/1, and more preferably 1/3 to 2/1.
- At least one of the high softening point resin and the low softening point resin is preferably the polyester resin of the present invention, and both are more preferably the polyester resin of the present invention.
- the glass transition point is preferably 45 to 85 ° C., more preferably 50 to 80 ° C., from the viewpoint of toner fixability, storage stability and durability.
- the acid value is preferably 5 to 90 mgKOH / g, more preferably 10 to 80 mgKOH / g, further preferably 10 to 70 mgKOH / g, and the hydroxyl value is preferably 1 to 80 mgKOH / g. 8 to 60 mgKOH / g is more preferable, and 8 to 55 mgKOH / g is more preferable.
- polyester resin of the present invention as a binder resin, an electrophotographic toner excellent in charging stability can be obtained while maintaining the low-temperature fixability and storage stability of the toner.
- a known binder resin for example, a vinyl resin such as styrene-acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a polycarbonate, a polyurethane, or the like is used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the content of the polyester resin of the present invention is preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more, still more preferably 90% by weight or more, and substantially 100% by weight in the binder resin. More preferably.
- the toner of the present invention further includes a colorant, a release agent, a charge control agent, a charge control resin, a magnetic powder, a fluidity improver, a conductivity modifier, an extender pigment, a reinforcing filler such as a fibrous substance, an oxidation Additives such as an inhibitor, an anti-aging agent, and a cleaning property improver may be appropriately contained.
- the colorant all of the dyes and pigments used as toner colorants can be used, such as carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, permanent brown FG, brilliant first scarlet, pigment green B, rhodamine-B base, Solvent Red 49, Solvent Red 146, Solvent Blue 35, Quinacridone, Carmine 6B, Disazo Yellow and the like can be used, and the toner of the present invention may be either a black toner or a color toner.
- the content of the colorant is preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight and more preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- Release agents include polyolefin wax, paraffin wax, silicones; fatty acid amides such as oleic acid amide, erucic acid amide, ricinoleic acid amide, stearic acid amide; carnauba wax, rice wax, candelilla wax, wood wax, jojoba Plant waxes such as oils; animal waxes such as beeswax; waxes such as mineral and petroleum waxes such as montan wax, ozokerite, ceresin, microcrystalline wax, and Fischer-Tropsch wax, which may be used alone or in combination of two or more Can be mixed and used.
- the melting point of the release agent is preferably from 60 to 160 ° C., more preferably from 60 to 150 ° C., from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability and offset resistance of the toner.
- the content of the release agent is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 8 parts by weight, and more preferably 1.5 to 7 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin, from the viewpoint of dispersibility in the binder resin. Part by weight is more preferred.
- the charge control agent is not particularly limited, and may contain either a positive charge control agent or a negative charge control agent.
- positively chargeable charge control agents include nigrosine dyes such as “Nigrosine Base EX”, “Oil Black BS”, “Oil Black SO”, “Bontron N-01”, “Bontron N-04”, “Bontron N-07 ”,“ Bontron N-09 ”,“ Bontron N-11 ”(manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.), etc .; triphenylmethane dyes containing tertiary amines as side chains, quaternary ammonium salt compounds such as“ Bontron ” P-51 "(manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide," COPY CHARGE PX VP435 "(manufactured by Hoechst), etc .; polyamine resins such as” AFP-B "(manufactured by Orient Chemical Industries, Ltd.); imidazole derivatives For example, “PLZ-2001”, “PLZ-8001” (manufactured by Shik
- metal-containing azo dyes such as “Varifirst Black 3804”, “Bontron S-31” (above, manufactured by Orient Chemical Industries), “T-77” (Hodogaya Chemical) Manufactured by Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Bontron S-32, Bontron S-34, Bontron S-36 (above, Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.), Eisenspiron Black TRH (Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- a metal compound of a benzylic acid compound such as “LR-147”, “LR-297” (manufactured by Nippon Carlit Co., Ltd.); a metal compound of a salicylic acid compound, such as “Bontron E-81”, “Bontron E- 84, “Bontron E-88”, “E-304” (manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.), “TN-105” (manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the content of the charge control agent is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.3 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin from the viewpoint of charging stability of the toner. More preferred is 0.5 to 3 parts by weight, still more preferred is 1 to 2 parts by weight.
- the toner of the present invention preferably contains a charge control resin in order to improve chargeability.
- a charge control resin a styrene resin is preferable, and from the viewpoint of developing positive chargeability of the toner, a quaternary ammonium base-containing styrene resin is preferable, and from the viewpoint of developing negative chargeability of the toner, a sulfonic acid group-containing styrene. Based resins are preferred.
- a quaternary ammonium base-containing styrene acrylic resin obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing the monomer represented by the formula (1) or a quaternized product thereof is more preferable.
- the monomer may be quaternized in advance, or may be quaternized after polymerization.
- the quaternizing agent include alkyl halides such as methyl chloride and methyl iodide, diethyl sulfate, and di-n-propyl sulfate.
- the monomer represented by the formula (IVa) styrene in which R 11 is preferably a hydrogen atom is preferable, and as the monomer represented by the formula (IVb), R 12 is preferably a hydrogen atom, and R 13 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the monomer represented by the formula (IVb) include butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- the monomer represented by the formula (IVc) is preferably a monomer in which R 14 is a methyl group, and R 15 and R 16 are a methyl group or an ethyl group, more preferably R 14 , R 15 and R 16. Each is preferably dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate where is a methyl group.
- the content of the monomer represented by the formula (IVa) in the monomer mixture is preferably 60 to 97% by weight, more preferably 70 to 90% by weight.
- the content of the monomer represented by the formula (IVb) is preferably 1 to 33% by weight, more preferably 5 to 20% by weight, and the monomer represented by the formula (IVc) or 4 thereof
- the content of the graded product is preferably 2 to 35% by weight, more preferably 5 to 20% by weight.
- quaternary ammonium base-containing styrenic resin obtained using the monomers represented by the formulas (IVa) to (IVc) include butyl acrylate, N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-2- And (methacryloyloxy) ethylammonium / styrene copolymer.
- the sulfonic acid group-containing styrene resin As the sulfonic acid group-containing styrene resin, the monomer represented by the above formula (IVa), the monomer represented by the formula (IVb), and the monomer containing the sulfonic acid group-containing monomer A sulfonic acid group-containing styrene resin obtained by polymerizing the mixture is preferred.
- sulfonic acid group-containing monomer examples include (meth) allyl sulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, and styrene sulfonic acid. Specific examples include 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, styrene copolymer, and the like.
- the content of the monomer represented by the formula (IVa) in the monomer mixture is preferably 60 to 97% by weight, more preferably 70 to 90% by weight
- the content of the monomer represented by the formula (IVb) is preferably 1 to 33% by weight, more preferably 5 to 20% by weight
- the content of the sulfonic acid group-containing monomer is preferably 2 to 35%. It is desirable that the amount be 5% by weight, more preferably 5 to 20% by weight.
- the polymerization of the monomer mixture is performed, for example, in the presence of a polymerization initiator such as azobisdimethylvaleronitrile. This can be performed by heating to 50 to 100 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the polymerization method may be any of solution polymerization, suspension polymerization or bulk polymerization, but is preferably solution polymerization.
- the softening point of the styrene resin is preferably 100 to 140 ° C., more preferably 110 to 130 ° C., from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability of the toner.
- the amount of the styrene resin contained as the charge control resin is preferably 3 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 4 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin, from the viewpoint of developing the chargeability of the toner. 5 to 20 parts by weight is more preferable.
- the toner of the present invention may be a toner obtained by any conventionally known method such as a melt-kneading method, an emulsion phase inversion method, or a polymerization method, but from the viewpoint of productivity and dispersibility of the colorant, A pulverized toner obtained by a melt kneading method is preferred.
- a raw material such as a binder resin, a colorant, and a charge control agent is uniformly mixed with a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, and then a hermetically sealed kneader, a single or twin screw extruder It can be produced by melt-kneading with an open roll kneader or the like, cooling, pulverizing and classifying.
- a toner by a polymerization method is preferable.
- the volume median particle size (D 50 ) of the toner of the present invention is preferably 3 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the volume-median particle size (D 50 ) means a particle size at which the cumulative volume frequency calculated by the volume fraction is 50% when calculated from the smaller particle size.
- inorganic fine particles as an external additive in order to improve transferability.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, and zinc oxide is preferable.
- silica is preferable, and from the viewpoint of preventing embedding, the specific gravity is More preferably, small silica is contained.
- Silica is preferably hydrophobized hydrophobic silica from the viewpoint of toner transferability.
- silanol groups on the surface of silica particles are preferably modified with a hydrophobic group such as an alkylsilyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (for example, methylsilyl group, hexylsilyl group, etc.), or It is preferable to coat the surface with a hydrophobic resin.
- a hydrophobic group such as an alkylsilyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (for example, methylsilyl group, hexylsilyl group, etc.), or It is preferable to coat the surface with a hydrophobic resin.
- hydrophobizing agent for hydrophobizing the surface of silica particles examples include organochlorosilane, organoalkoxysilane, organodisilazane, cyclic organopolysilazane, linear organopolysiloxane, and the like.
- examples thereof include silazane (HMDS), dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDS), silicone oil, octyltriethoxysilane (OTES), methyltriethoxysilane, and the like.
- HMDS silazane
- DMDS dimethyldichlorosilane
- OFTES octyltriethoxysilane
- hexamethyldisilazane is preferable.
- the average particle diameter of the external additive is preferably from 10 to 250 nm, more preferably from 10 to 200 nm, and even more preferably from 15 to 90 nm, from the viewpoints of the chargeability, fluidity and transferability of the toner.
- the content of the external additive is preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, and still more preferably 0.3 to 100 parts by weight of the toner particles before being processed with the external additive. ⁇ 3 parts by weight.
- the toner of the present invention can be used as a one-component developing toner or as a two-component developer mixed with a carrier.
- the average particle diameter refers to the number average particle diameter, which is the average value of the particle diameters of 500 particles measured from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the external additive. When there is a major axis and a minor axis, the major axis is indicated.
- Measurement conditions Add 100 ml of electrolyte and dispersion into a beaker, measure 30,000 particles at a concentration that can measure the particle size of 30,000 particles in 20 seconds, and determine the volume-median particle size ( determine the D 50).
- aromatic compounds (Ia) shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 were added at 180 ° C. and reacted for 5 hours, and then trimellitic anhydride shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 was added.
- the polyester was obtained by reacting at 200 ° C. until the softening points shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 were reached at 10 kPa.
- the addition polymerization reaction was aged for 1 hour while maintaining the temperature at 160 ° C., followed by condensation polymerization reaction at 230 ° C. for 10 hours, and further reaction at 230 ° C. and 8.0 kPa for 1 hour.
- the aromatic compound (Ia) shown in Table 1-4 was added at 180 ° C. and reacted for 5 hours.
- trimellitic anhydride shown in Table 1-4 was added, The reaction was carried out at 200 ° C. and 10 kPa until the softening point shown in Table 1-4 was reached to obtain a hybrid resin.
- the addition polymerization reaction was aged for 1 hour while maintaining the temperature at 160 ° C., followed by condensation polymerization reaction at 230 ° C. for 10 hours, and further reaction at 230 ° C. and 8.0 kPa for 1 hour. Further, the aromatic compound (Ia) shown in Table 1-4 was added at 180 ° C. and reacted for 5 hours, then trimellitic anhydride shown in Table 1-4 was added and reacted at 200 ° C., and 10 kPa The reaction was carried out until the softening point shown in Table 1-4 was reached to obtain a hybrid resin.
- Examples 1 to 21 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 100 parts by weight of a binder resin shown in Table 1-5, 2.0 parts by weight of a colorant, a charge control agent, a release agent, and a charge control resin (Example 19 only) were mixed using a Henschel mixer. The obtained mixture was melt-kneaded by a twin screw extruder, cooled, and then roughly pulverized to about 1 mm using a hammer mill. The resulting coarsely pulverized product is finely pulverized by an air jet type pulverizer (IDS-2 type, manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Co., Ltd.), classified, and toner particles having a volume median particle size (D 50 ) of 7.5 ⁇ m. Got.
- IDS-2 type air jet type pulverizer
- ⁇ Release agent ⁇ A Polypropylene wax “NP-105” (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), melting point: 140 ° C.
- Test Example 2 [Preservability] 4 g of toner was left for 72 hours in an environment at a temperature of 55 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60%. After standing, the degree of toner aggregation occurrence was visually observed, and storage stability was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 1-5.
- Example 3 [Charging stability under high temperature and high humidity] Under conditions of a temperature of 32 ° C. and a relative humidity of 85%, 0.6 g of toner and a silicone ferrite carrier (manufactured by Kanto Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd., average particle size: 90 ⁇ m) (however, only in the evaluation of Example 19, the carrier is a ferrite carrier (P -01: Japan Imaging Society standard product, average particle size: 70 ⁇ m) 19.4g was placed in a 50ml plastic bottle and mixed at 250r / min using a ball mill. Measurement was performed using a Q / M meter (EPPING).
- EPPING Q / M meter
- the toners of Examples 1-1 to 1-21 containing the binder resin obtained using a specific aromatic compound are compared with the toners of Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2. It can be seen that the toner has good low-temperature fixability and storage stability and is excellent in charging stability under high temperature and high humidity.
- Example 2 [Weight average molecular weight of the reaction product]
- the molecular weight distribution is measured by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method according to the following method to determine the weight average molecular weight.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the addition polymerization reaction was aged for 1 hour while maintaining the temperature at 160 ° C., followed by condensation polymerization reaction at 230 ° C. for 10 hours, and further reaction at 230 ° C. and 8.0 kPa for 1 hour.
- the reactant shown in Table 2-4 was added at 180 ° C. and reacted for 5 hours.
- trimellitic anhydride shown in Table 2-4 was added, and 200 ° C., 10 kPa The reaction was carried out until the softening point shown in Table 2-4 was reached to obtain a hybrid resin.
- the addition polymerization reaction was aged for 1 hour while maintaining the temperature at 160 ° C., followed by condensation polymerization reaction at 230 ° C. for 10 hours, and further reaction at 230 ° C. and 8.0 kPa for 1 hour. Further, the reactant shown in Table 2-4 was added at 180 ° C. and reacted for 5 hours, and then trimellitic anhydride shown in Table 2-4 was added and reacted at 200 ° C. The reaction was carried out until the softening point indicated by -4 was reached to obtain a hybrid resin.
- the resulting coarsely pulverized product is finely pulverized by an air jet type pulverizer (IDS-2 type, manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Co., Ltd.), classified, and toner particles having a volume median particle size (D 50 ) of 7.5 ⁇ m. Got.
- IDS-2 type air jet type pulverizer
- toner particles To 100 parts by weight of the obtained toner particles, 1.0 part by weight of hydrophobic silica “Aerosil® R-972” (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average particle size of 16 nm, hydrophobizing agent: dimethyldichlorosilane) is added as an external additive.
- the toner was obtained by mixing with a Henschel mixer.
- Examples 9-11 As a negatively chargeable charge control agent, instead of ⁇ Bontron S-34 '' (manufactured by Orient Chemical Industries), 1 part by weight of ⁇ LR-147 '' (manufactured by Nippon Carlit Co., Ltd., boron complex of benzylic acid compound) is used, As a colorant, instead of carbon black “Regal 330R”, in Example 9, yellow pigment “Paliotol Yellow D1155” (manufactured by BASF, PY185) 6 parts by weight, in Example 10, magenta pigment “Super Magenta R” ( Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc. PR122) 6 parts by weight, Example 11 used in Example 11 except that 6 parts by weight of the cyan pigment “Toner Cyan BG” (Clariant PB15: 3) was used. The toner was obtained.
- ⁇ LR-147 '' manufactured by Nippon Carlit Co., Ltd., boron complex of benzylic acid compound
- Example 20 Except for using 7 parts by weight of charge control resin ⁇ FCA-701PT '' (Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd., quaternary ammonium base-containing styrene acrylic resin, softening point: 123 ° C.) together with binder resin, colorant, etc. In the same manner as in Example 1, a toner was obtained.
- charge control resin ⁇ FCA-701PT '' (Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd., quaternary ammonium base-containing styrene acrylic resin, softening point: 123 ° C.)
- Example 21 As an external additive, instead of “Aerosil R-972”, hydrophobic silica “TG-C243” (manufactured by Cabot, average particle size 100 nm, hydrophobizing agent: hexamethyldisilazane + octyltriethoxysilane) 1.0 weight A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the parts were used.
- Example 22 As a negatively chargeable charge control agent, 1 part by weight of “Bontron E-84” (manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., salicylic acid-based metal compound) was used instead of “Bontron S-34” (manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.). Except for the above, a toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Test example 3 [Charging stability under high temperature and high humidity] Under a high temperature and high humidity condition of a temperature of 32 ° C. and a relative humidity of 85%, 0.6 g of toner and a silicone ferrite carrier (manufactured by Kanto Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd., average particle size: 90 ⁇ m) (however, in the evaluation of Example 20, the ferrite carrier ( P-01: Japan Imaging Society standard product, average particle size: 70 ⁇ m) 19.4g is placed in a 50ml plastic bottle and mixed at 250r / min using a ball mill. Was measured using a Q / M meter (EPPING).
- the number of prints up to the time when the streak was visually observed on the image was defined as the number of streaks due to the fusion and fixing of the toner on the developing roll, and the durability was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. In other words, it can be determined that the greater the number of sheets where no streaking occurs, the higher the durability of the toner.
- the results are shown in Table 2-6.
- the toners of Examples 2-1 to 2-22 containing, as a binder resin, a polyester resin obtained by using a reaction product of a specific aromatic compound and a carboxylic acid are comparative examples 2-1.
- the toner of 2-2 it can be seen that the toner has excellent low-temperature fixability, storage stability and durability, and is excellent in toner charging stability.
- polyester resin for toner of the present invention is suitably used as a binder resin for toners used for developing latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕 カルボン酸成分とアルコール成分とを縮重合させて得られるトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂であって、式(Ia):
で表される芳香族化合物を、前記カルボン酸成分及び/又は前記アルコール成分として用いて得られる、トナー用ポリエステル系樹脂、
〔2〕 式(Ib):
で表される芳香族化合物と反応性不飽和基を有するカルボン酸とを反応させて得られる反応物、カルボン酸成分、及びアルコール成分を縮重合させて得られる、トナー用ポリエステル系樹脂、
〔3〕 前記〔1〕又は〔2〕記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂を含有してなる、トナー用結着樹脂、並びに
〔4〕 前記〔3〕記載の結着樹脂を含有してなる、電子写真用トナー
に関する。
で表される芳香族化合物を、前記カルボン酸成分及び/又は前記アルコール成分として用いて得られる、トナー用ポリエステル系樹脂
で表される芳香族化合物と反応性不飽和基を有するカルボン酸とを反応させて得られる反応物、カルボン酸成分、及びアルコール成分を縮重合させて得られる、トナー用ポリエステル系樹脂
で表される。
で表されるビスフェノールAのアルキレンオキサイド付加物又は脂肪族ジオールが好ましい。
で表される化合物が好ましい。式中、R10の炭化水素基の炭素数は、1~8が好ましく、反応活性の観点から、炭素数1~4がより好ましい。式(III)で表される化合物のなかでは、R7及びR9が水素原子、R8が水素原子又は-COOR10である化合物がより好ましい。具体例としては、ピロガロール(R7~R9:水素原子)、没食子酸(R7及びR9:水素原子、R8:-COOH)、没食子酸エチル(R7及びR9:水素原子、R8:-COOC2H5)、没食子酸プロピル(R7及びR9:水素原子、R8:-COOC3H7)、没食子酸ブチル(R7及びR9:水素原子、R8:-COOC4H9)、没食子酸オクチル(R7及びR9:水素原子、R8:-COOC8H17)、没食子酸ラウリル(R7及びR9:水素原子、R8:-COOC12H25)等の没食子酸エステル等が挙げられる。トナーの保存性の観点からは、没食子酸及び没食子酸エステルが好ましい。
で表される芳香族化合物と反応性不飽和基を有するカルボン酸とを反応させて得られる反応物を縮重合反応させて得られた樹脂である点に大きな特徴を有している。態様Bでは、低温定着性、保存性及び安定性に加えて、耐久性も維持される。これは、前記芳香族化合物を反応性不飽和基を有するカルボン酸化合物と反応させて得られる反応物を用いることで、前記芳香族化合物を直接に縮重合反応させるよりも、前記芳香族化合物の縮重合反応の反応性が高まり、ポリエステル系樹脂が高分子量化されやすいためと推定される。
で表されるビスフェノールAのアルキレンオキサイド付加物又は脂肪族ジオールが好ましい。
で表される単量体、式(IVb):
で表される単量体、及び式(IVc):
で表される単量体又はその4級化物を含有する単量体混合物の重合により得られる4級アンモニウム塩基含有スチレンアクリル系樹脂がより好ましい。予め単量体を4級化してもよく、重合後に4級化してもよい。4級化剤としては、塩化メチル、ヨウ化メチル等のハロゲン化アルキル、硫酸ジエチル、硫酸ジ-n-プロピル等が挙げられる。
フローテスター(島津製作所、CFT-500D)を用い、1gの試料を昇温速度6℃/分で加熱しながら、プランジャーにより1.96MPaの荷重を与え、直径1mm、長さ1mmのノズルから押出する。温度に対し、フローテスターのプランジャー降下量をプロットし、試料の半量が流出した温度を軟化点とする。
示差走査熱量計(セイコー電子工業社製、DSC210)を用いて、試料を0.01~0.02gをアルミパンに計量し、200℃まで昇温し、その温度から降温速度10℃/分で0℃まで冷却したサンプルを昇温速度10℃/分で昇温し、吸熱の最高ピーク温度以下のベースラインの延長線とピークの立ち上がり部分からピークの頂点までの最大傾斜を示す接線との交点の温度とする。
JIS K0070の方法に基づき測定する。但し、測定溶媒のみJIS K0070の規定のエタノールとエーテルの混合溶媒から、アセトンとトルエンの混合溶媒(アセトン:トルエン=1:1(容量比))に変更した。
JIS K0070の方法に基づき測定する。
示差走査熱量計(セイコー電子工業社製、DSC210)を用いて200℃まで昇温し、その温度から降温速度10℃/分で0℃まで冷却したサンプルを昇温速度10℃/分で昇温し、融解熱の最大ピーク温度を融点とする。
平均粒径は、個数平均粒径を指し、外添剤の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真から測定した、500個の粒子の粒径の平均値をいう。長径と短径がある場合は長径を指す。
測定機:コールターマルチサイザーII(ベックマンコールター社製)
アパチャー径:50μm
解析ソフト:コールターマルチサイザーアキュコンプ バージョン 1.19(ベックマンコールター社製)
電解液:アイソトンII(ベックマンコールター社製)
分散液:エマルゲン109P(花王社製、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル、HLB:13.6)5%電解液
分散条件:分散液5mlに測定試料10mgを添加し、超音波分散機にて1分間分散させ、その後、電解液25mlを添加し、さらに、超音波分散機にて1分間分散させる。
測定条件:ビーカーに電解液100mlと分散液を加え、3万個の粒子の粒径を20秒で測定できる濃度で、3万個の粒子を測定し、その粒度分布から体積中位粒径(D50)を求める。
1.1 樹脂製造例1〔樹脂A1~A10〕
表1-1、1-2に示す芳香族化合物(Ia)以外のアルコール成分、テレフタル酸及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管、100℃の熱水を通した分留管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、180℃で1時間保温した後に180℃から230℃まで10℃/hrで昇温し、その後230℃で10時間縮重合反応させた。さらに、表1-1、1-2に示す芳香族化合物(Ia)を180℃で添加し、5時間反応させた後、表1-1、1-2に示す無水トリメリット酸を添加して、200℃で反応させ、10kPaにて表1-1、1-2に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ポリエステルを得た。
表1-2に示す芳香族化合物(Ia)以外のアルコール成分、テレフタル酸及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、230℃で10時間縮重合反応させ、さらに230℃、8.0kPaにて1時間反応を行った。さらに、表1-2に示す芳香族化合物(Ia)を180℃で添加し、5時間反応させた後、表1-2に示す無水トリメリット酸を添加して、200℃で反応させ、10kPaにて表1-2に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ポリエステルを得た。
表1-3に示すアルコール成分、テレフタル酸及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管、100℃の熱水を通した分留管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、180℃で1時間保温した後に180℃から230℃まで10℃/hrで昇温し、その後230℃で10時間縮重合反応させた。さらに、表1-3に示す無水トリメリット酸を添加して、200℃で反応させ、10kPaにて表1-3に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ポリエステルを得た。
表1-3に示すアルコール成分、テレフタル酸及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、230℃で10時間縮重合反応させ、さらに230℃、8.0kPaにて1時間反応を行った。さらに、表1-3に示す無水トリメリット酸を添加して、200℃で反応させ、10kPaにて表1-3に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ポリエステルを得た。
表1-4に示す無水トリメリット酸と芳香族化合物(Ia)以外のポリエステルの原料モノマー及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管、100℃の熱水を通した分留管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、160℃まで昇温した。その後、表1-4に示す両反応性モノマー、ビニル系樹脂の原料モノマー及び重合開始剤の混合物を滴下ロートにより1時間かけて滴下した。滴下後、160℃に保持したまま、1時間付加重合反応を熟成させた後、230℃で10時間縮重合反応させ、さらに230℃、8.0kPaにて1時間反応を行った。180℃まで冷却した後、表1-4に示す芳香族化合物(Ia)を180℃で添加し、5時間反応させた後、最後に、表1-4に示す無水トリメリット酸を投入し、200℃、10kPaにて表1-4に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ハイブリッド樹脂を得た。
表1-4に示す無水トリメリット酸と芳香族化合物(Ia)以外のポリエステルの原料モノマー及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、160℃まで昇温した。その後、表1-4に示す両反応性モノマー、ビニル系樹脂の原料モノマー及び重合開始剤の混合物を滴下ロートにより1時間かけて滴下した。滴下後、160℃に保持したまま、1時間付加重合反応を熟成させた後、230℃で10時間縮重合反応させ、さらに230℃、8.0kPaにて1時間反応を行った。さらに、表1-4に示す芳香族化合物(Ia)を180℃で添加し、5時間反応させた後、表1-4に示す無水トリメリット酸を添加して、200℃で反応させ、10kPaにて表1-4に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ハイブリッド樹脂を得た。
表1-5に示す結着樹脂100重量部、着色剤、荷電制御剤、離型剤及び荷電制御樹脂(実施例19のみ)と、2.0重量部を、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて混合した。得られた混合物を二軸押出機により溶融混練し、冷却後、ハンマーミルを用いて1mm程度に粗粉砕した。得られた粗粉砕物をエアージェット方式の粉砕機(IDS-2型、日本ニューマチック(株)製)により微粉砕後、分級し、体積中位粒径(D50)が7.5μmのトナー粒子を得た。
A:黒色顔料「Regal 330R」(キャボット社製)、カーボンブラック
B:シアン顔料「ECB-301」(大日精化社製)、ピグメント・ブルー15:3
C:マゼンタ顔料「スーパーマゼンタR」(大日本インキ化学工業社製)、ピグメント・レッド122
D:イエロー顔料「Paliotol Yellow D1155」(BASF社製)、ピグメント・イエロー185
A:負帯電性荷電制御剤「ボントロン S-34」(オリエント化学工業社製、アゾ金属化合物)
B:正帯電性荷電制御剤「ボントロン N-04」(オリエント化学工業社製)
C:負帯電性荷電制御剤「LR-147」(日本カーリット社製)
A:ポリプロピレンワックス「NP-105」(三井化学社製)、融点:140℃
A:「FCA-701PT」(藤倉化成社製)、正帯電性荷電制御樹脂、4級アンモニウム塩基含有スチレンアクリル系共重合体、軟化点:123℃
A:「アエロジル R-972」(日本アエロジル(株)製)、平均粒径:16nm、疎水化処理剤:DMDS
B:疎水性シリカ「TG-C243」(キャボット社製)、平均粒径:100nm、疎水化処理剤:OTES+HMDS)
複写機「AR-505」(シャープ(株)製)の定着機を装置外での定着が可能なように改良した装置(ただし、実施例19の評価のみ、非磁性一成分現像方式プリンター「HL-2040」(ブラザー工業社製)を改造した装置に変更)にトナーを実装し、未定着画像を得た。その後、総定着圧が40kgfになるように調整した定着機(定着速度390mm/sec)で、100℃から240℃へと10℃ずつ順次上昇させながら、各温度で未定着画像の定着試験を行った。定着画像に「ユニセフセロハン」(三菱鉛筆社、幅:18mm、JISZ-1522)を貼り付け、30℃に設定した定着ローラーに通過させた後、テープを剥がした。テープを貼る前とテープを貼って剥がした後の光学反射密度を反射濃度計「RD-915」(マクベス社製)を用いて測定し、両者の比率(剥離後/貼付前)が最初に90%を越える定着ローラーの温度を最低定着温度とし、以下の評価基準に従って、低温定着性を評価した。結果を表1-5に示す。なお、定着試験に用いた紙は、シャープ(株)製のCopyBond SF-70NA(75g/m2)である。
A:最低定着温度が150℃未満である。
B:最低定着温度が150℃以上、170℃未満である。
C:最低定着温度が170℃以上である。
トナー4gを温度55℃、相対湿度60%の環境下で72時間放置した。放置後、トナー凝集の発生程度を目視にて観察し、以下の評価基準より保存性を評価した。結果を表1-5に示す。
A:72時間後でも凝集は全く認められない。
B:48時間後で凝集は認められないが72時間後では凝集が認められる。
C:48時間で凝集が認められる。
温度32℃、相対湿度85%の条件下にて、トナー0.6gとシリコーンフェライトキャリア(関東電化工業社製、平均粒子径:90μm)(ただし、実施例19の評価のみ、キャリアをフェライトキャリア(P-01:日本画像学会標準品、平均粒子径:70μm)に変更)19.4gとを50ml容のポリビンに入れ、ボールミルを用いて250r/minで混合し、以下の方法により、トナーの帯電量をQ/Mメーター(EPPING社製)を用いて測定した。
A:0.8以上
B:0.6以上、0.8未満
C:0.6未満
〔反応物の重量平均分子量〕
以下の方法により、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)法により分子量分布を測定し、重量平均分子量を求める。
(1) 試料溶液の調製
濃度が0.5g/100mlになるように、反応物をテトラヒドロフランに、溶解させる。次いで、この溶液をポアサイズ2μmのフッ素樹脂フィルター(住友電気工業(株)製、FP-200)を用いて濾過して不溶解成分を除き、試料溶液とする。
(2) 分子量測定
下記の測定装置と分析カラムを用い、溶離液としてテトラヒドロフランを、毎分1mlの流速で流し、40℃の恒温槽中でカラムを安定させる。そこに試料溶液100μlを注入して測定を行う。試料の分子量は、あらかじめ作成した検量線に基づき算出する。このときの検量線には、数種類の単分散ポリスチレン(東ソー社製のA-500(5.0×102)、A-1000(1.01×103)、A-2500(2.63×103)、A-5000(5.97×103)、F-1(1.02×104)、F-2(1.81×104)、F-4(3.97×104)、F-10(9.64×104)、F-20(1.90×105)、F-40(4.27×105)、F-80(7.06×105)、F-128(1.09×106))を標準試料として作成したものを用いる。
測定装置:HLC-8220GPC(東ソー社製)
分析カラム:GMHXL+G3000HXL(東ソー社製)
表2-1に示す芳香族化合物、カルボン酸及び重合禁止剤を、窒素導入管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、160℃で10時間反応させた。その後、得られた反応物の重量平均分子量が350以上であることを確認した。
表2-2、2-3に示すアルコール成分とテレフタル酸及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管、100℃の熱水を通した分留管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、180℃で1時間保温した後に180℃から230℃まで10℃/hrで昇温し、その後230℃で10時間縮重合反応させた。さらに、表2-2、2-3に示す反応物を180℃で添加し、5時間反応させた後、表2-2、2-3に示す無水トリメリット酸を添加して、200℃で反応させ、10kPaにて表2-2、2-3に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ポリエステルを得た。
表2-3に示すアルコール成分、テレフタル酸及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、230℃で10時間縮重合反応させ、さらに230℃、8.0kPaにて1時間反応を行った。さらに、表2-3に示す反応物を180℃で添加し、5時間反応させた後、表2-3に示す無水トリメリット酸を添加して、200℃で反応させ、10kPaにて表2-3に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ポリエステルを得た。
表2-4に示す無水トリメリット酸と反応物以外のポリエステルの原料モノマー及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管、100℃の熱水を通した分留管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、160℃まで昇温した。その後、表2-4に示す両反応性モノマー(アクリル酸)、スチレン系樹脂の原料モノマー及び重合開始剤の混合物を滴下ロートにより1時間かけて滴下した。滴下後、160℃に保持したまま、1時間付加重合反応を熟成させた後、230℃で10時間縮重合反応させ、さらに230℃、8.0kPaにて1時間反応を行った。180℃まで冷却した後、表2-4に示す反応物を180℃で添加し、5時間反応させた後、最後に、表2-4に示す無水トリメリット酸を投入し、200℃、10kPaにて表2-4に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ハイブリッド樹脂を得た。
表2-4に示す無水トリメリット酸と反応物以外のポリエステルの原料モノマー及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、160℃まで昇温した。その後、表2-4に示す両反応性モノマー(アクリル酸)、スチレン系樹脂の原料モノマー及び重合開始剤の混合物を滴下ロートにより1時間かけて滴下した。滴下後、160℃に保持したまま、1時間付加重合反応を熟成させた後、230℃で10時間縮重合反応させ、さらに230℃、8.0kPaにて1時間反応を行った。さらに、表2-4に示す反応物を180℃で添加し、5時間反応させた後、表2-4に示す無水トリメリット酸を添加して、200℃で反応させ、10kPaにて表2-4に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ハイブリッド樹脂を得た。
表2-5に示すアルコール成分、テレフタル酸及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管、100℃の熱水を通した分留管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、180℃で1時間保温した後に180℃から230℃まで10℃/hrで昇温し、その後230℃で10時間縮重合反応させた。さらに、表2-5に示す無水トリメリット酸を添加して、200℃で反応させ、10kPaにて表2-5に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ポリエステルを得た。
表2-5に示すアルコール成分、テレフタル酸及びエステル化触媒を、窒素導入管を装備した脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した5リットル容の四つ口フラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下、230℃で10時間縮重合反応させ、さらに230℃、8.0kPaにて1時間反応を行った。さらに、表2-5に示す無水トリメリット酸を添加して、200℃で反応させ、10kPaにて表2-5に示す軟化点に達するまで反応を行って、ポリエステルを得た。
表2-6に示す結着樹脂100重量部、負帯電性荷電制御剤「ボントロン S-34」(オリエント化学工業社製、アゾ金属化合物)1重量部、着色剤「Regal 330R」(キャボット社製、カーボンブラック)4.0重量部、及びポリプロピレンワックス「NP-105」(三井化学社製、融点:140℃)2.0重量部を、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて混合した。得られた混合物を二軸押出機により溶融混練し、冷却後、ハンマーミルを用いて1mm程度に粗粉砕した。得られた粗粉砕物をエアージェット方式の粉砕機(IDS-2型、日本ニューマチック(株)製)により微粉砕後、分級し、体積中位粒径(D50)が7.5μmのトナー粒子を得た。
負帯電性荷電制御剤として、「ボントロン S-34」(オリエント化学工業社製)の代わりに、「LR-147」(日本カーリット社製、ベンジル酸化合物のホウ素錯体)1重量部を使用し、着色剤として、カーボンブラック「Regal 330R」の代わりに、実施例9では、イエロー顔料「Paliotol Yellow D1155」(BASF社製、P.Y.185)6重量部、実施例10では、マゼンタ顔料「スーパーマゼンタR」(大日本インキ化学工業社製、P.R.122)6重量部、実施例11では、シアン顔料「Toner Cyan BG」(クラリアント社製、P.B.15:3)6重量部を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、トナーを得た。
結着樹脂、着色剤等とともに、荷電制御樹脂「FCA-701PT」(藤倉化成社製、4級アンモニウム塩基含有スチレンアクリル系樹脂、軟化点:123℃)を7重量部使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、トナーを得た。
外添剤として、「アエロジル R-972」の代わりに、疎水性シリカ「TG-C243」(キャボット社製、平均粒径100nm、疎水化処理剤:ヘキサメチルジシラザン+オクチルトリエトキシシラン)1.0重量部を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、トナーを得た。
負帯電性荷電制御剤として、「ボントロン S-34」(オリエント化学工業社製)の代わりに、「ボントロン E-84」(オリエント化学工業社製、サリチル酸系の金属化合物)1重量部を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、トナーを得た。
複写機「AR-505」(シャープ(株)製)の定着機を装置外での定着が可能なように改良した装置(但し、実施例20の評価については、非磁性一成分現像方式プリンター「HL-2040」(ブラザー工業社製)を改造した装置)にトナーを実装し、未定着画像を得た。その後、総定着圧が40kgfになるように調整した定着機(定着速度390mm/sec)で、100℃から240℃へと10℃ずつ順次上昇させながら、各温度で未定着画像の定着試験を行った。定着画像に「ユニセフセロハン」(三菱鉛筆社、幅:18mm、JISZ-1522)を貼り付け、30℃に設定した定着ローラーに通過させた後、テープを剥がした。テープを貼る前とテープを貼って剥がした後の光学反射密度を反射濃度計「RD-915」(マクベス社製)を用いて測定し、両者の比率(剥離後/貼付前)が最初に90%を越える定着ローラーの温度を最低定着温度とし、以下の評価基準に従って、低温定着性を評価した。結果を表2-6に示す。なお、定着試験に用いた紙は、シャープ(株)製のCopyBond SF-70NA(75g/m2)である。
A:最低定着温度が150℃未満である。
B:最低定着温度が150℃以上、170℃未満である。
C:最低定着温度が170℃以上である。
トナー4gを温度55℃、相対湿度60%の環境下で72時間放置した。放置後、トナー凝集の発生程度を目視にて観察し、以下の評価基準より保存性を評価した。結果を表2-6に示す。
A:72時間後でも凝集は全く認められない。
B:48時間後で凝集は認められないが72時間後では凝集が認められる。
C:48時間で凝集が認められる。
温度32℃、相対湿度85%の高温高湿条件下にて、トナー0.6gとシリコーンフェライトキャリア(関東電化工業社製、平均粒子径:90μm)(但し、実施例20の評価では、フェライトキャリア(P-01:日本画像学会標準品、平均粒子径:70μm)を使用)19.4gとを50ml容のポリビンに入れ、ボールミルを用いて250r/minで混合し、以下の方法により、トナーの帯電量をQ/Mメーター(EPPING社製)を用いて測定した。
A:0.8以上
B:0.6以上、0.8未満
C:0.6未満
「ページプレスト N-4」(カシオ計算機社製、定着:接触定着方式、現像:非磁性一成分現像方式、現像ロール径:2.3cm)にトナーを実装し、温度32℃、湿度85%の環境下にて黒化率5.5%の斜めストライプのパターンを連続して印刷した。途中、500枚ごとに黒ベタ画像を印字し、画像上のスジの有無を確認した。印刷は、画像上にスジが発生した時点で中止し、最高5000枚まで行った。画像上にスジが目視にて観察された時点までの印字枚数を、現像ロールにトナーが融着・固着したことによりスジが発生した枚数とし、以下の評価基準に従って、耐久性を評価した。即ち、スジの発生しない枚数が多いほど、トナーの耐久性が高いものと判断できる。結果を表2-6に示す。
A:スジが5000枚の印刷で発生しなかった
B:スジが2000枚以上5000枚未満の印刷で発生した
C:スジが2000枚未満の印刷で発生した
Claims (14)
- 式(Ia)で表される芳香族化合物の含有量が、ポリエステル系樹脂を構成するカルボン酸成分とアルコール成分の総量中、0.5~80モル%である、請求項1記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂。
- 式(Ia)で表される芳香族化合物が、クマル酸及びカフェー酸の少なくともいずれかを含む、請求項1又は2記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂。
- 式(Ia)で表される芳香族化合物が、クマル酸及びカフェー酸から選ばれた少なくともいずれかとクマリルアルコール及びカフェイルアルコールから選ばれた少なくともいずれかとを含む、請求項1又は2記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂。
- アルコール成分が脂肪族ジオールを含む、請求項1~4いずれか記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂。
- 反応性不飽和基を有するカルボン酸が、(メタ)アクリル酸、フマル酸及びマレイン酸から選ばれた少なくとも1種のカルボン酸である、請求項6記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂。
- 縮重合反応に供する前記反応物の量が、カルボン酸成分とアルコール成分の合計量100重量部に対して、0.5~80重量部である、請求項6又は7記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂。
- 式(Ib)で表される芳香族化合物が、桂皮酸、クマル酸及びカフェー酸からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種である、請求項6~8いずれか記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂。
- アルコール成分が脂肪族ジオールを含む、請求項9記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂。
- 式(Ib)で表される芳香族化合物が、クマリルアルコール及びカフェイルアルコールの少なくともいずれかである、請求項6~8いずれか記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂。
- 式(Ib)で表される芳香族化合物が、桂皮酸、クマル酸及びカフェー酸からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種とクマリルアルコール及びカフェイルアルコールの少なくともいずれかである、請求項6~8いずれか記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂。
- 請求項1~12いずれか記載のトナー用ポリエステル系樹脂を含有してなる、トナー用結着樹脂。
- 請求項13記載の結着樹脂を含有してなる、電子写真用トナー。
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JP5487875B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-20 | 2014-05-14 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | トナーの製造方法 |
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- 2010-10-01 US US13/498,501 patent/US8921021B2/en active Active
- 2010-10-01 DE DE112010003927.5T patent/DE112010003927B4/de active Active
- 2010-10-01 WO PCT/JP2010/067228 patent/WO2011043257A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-10-01 CN CN201080041604.0A patent/CN102597883B/zh active Active
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JP2006063316A (ja) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-03-09 | Mitsuru Akashi | 剛直ポリマーおよびその製造方法 |
JP2009151101A (ja) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-09 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 静電荷像現像トナー用結着樹脂、静電荷像現像トナー用結着樹脂粒子分散液、静電荷像現像トナーの製造方法、静電荷像現像トナー、静電荷像現像剤、画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 |
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US8921021B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
DE112010003927T5 (de) | 2012-12-27 |
CN102597883A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
CN102597883B (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
DE112010003927B4 (de) | 2020-11-12 |
US20120184700A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
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