WO2011013374A1 - 半導体装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011013374A1 WO2011013374A1 PCT/JP2010/004803 JP2010004803W WO2011013374A1 WO 2011013374 A1 WO2011013374 A1 WO 2011013374A1 JP 2010004803 W JP2010004803 W JP 2010004803W WO 2011013374 A1 WO2011013374 A1 WO 2011013374A1
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- film
- insulating film
- metal
- nitride layer
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28026—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor
- H01L21/28088—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor the final conductor layer next to the insulator being a composite, e.g. TiN
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28158—Making the insulator
- H01L21/28167—Making the insulator on single crystalline silicon, e.g. using a liquid, i.e. chemical oxidation
- H01L21/28194—Making the insulator on single crystalline silicon, e.g. using a liquid, i.e. chemical oxidation by deposition, e.g. evaporation, ALD, CVD, sputtering, laser deposition
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/49—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET
- H01L29/4966—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET the conductor material next to the insulator being a composite material, e.g. organic material, TiN, MoSi2
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/49—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET
- H01L29/51—Insulating materials associated therewith
- H01L29/517—Insulating materials associated therewith the insulating material comprising a metallic compound, e.g. metal oxide, metal silicate
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66568—Lateral single gate silicon transistors
- H01L29/66575—Lateral single gate silicon transistors where the source and drain or source and drain extensions are self-aligned to the sides of the gate
- H01L29/6659—Lateral single gate silicon transistors where the source and drain or source and drain extensions are self-aligned to the sides of the gate with both lightly doped source and drain extensions and source and drain self-aligned to the sides of the gate, e.g. lightly doped drain [LDD] MOSFET, double diffused drain [DDD] MOSFET
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
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- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device having a high-dielectric-constant insulating film and a metal gate electrode, a manufacturing method thereof, and a manufacturing program, and particularly relates to a technique for improving the performance of a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Transistor).
- MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Transistor
- Advanced CMOS (complementary MOS) also referred to as “complementary MOS”) device development, where transistor miniaturization is progressing, drive current degradation due to depletion of polysilicon (poly-Si) electrode and gate current due to thinning of gate insulating film The increase is a problem.
- CMOS complementary MOS
- a composite technique for reducing gate leakage current by avoiding electrode depletion by applying a metal gate and simultaneously increasing the physical film thickness by using a high dielectric material for the gate insulating film has been studied.
- materials used for the metal gate electrode pure metals, metal nitrides, silicide materials, and the like have been studied.
- N-type MOSFET MOS field effect transistor
- P-type MOSFET threshold voltage It must be possible to set Vth to an appropriate value.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor is determined by the impurity concentration in the channel region and the impurity concentration in the polycrystalline silicon film.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor is determined by the impurity concentration of the channel region and the work function of the gate electrode.
- an N-type MOSFET has a work gap of Si mid gap (4.6 eV).
- a material of 4.4 eV or less for the gate electrode preferably a material having a work function of Si midgap (4.6 eV) or more, preferably 4.8 eV or more for the P-type MOSFET.
- TiN titanium nitride
- Patent Document 1 as a method of changing the work function of TiN, a technique is disclosed in which a gate electrode made of a laminated structure of refractory metals such as TiN and tungsten is used and the work function is changed depending on the concentration of nitrogen contained in titanium nitride.
- a technique is disclosed in which a gate electrode made of a laminated structure of refractory metals such as TiN and tungsten is used and the work function is changed depending on the concentration of nitrogen contained in titanium nitride.
- the method of Patent Document 1 by increasing the flow rate of nitrogen gas at the time of forming TiN by nitrogen ion implantation or reactive sputtering in the TiN film, the nitrogen content in the TiN film is increased. It is disclosed that the work function can be lowered.
- the crystal orientation (orientation) of the TiN film changes to approximately (200), and the work function suitable for the gate electrode of the N-type channel MOSFET is low. It is disclosed that TiN is obtained.
- Patent Document 2 by aligning the plane orientation of the metal gate electrode in contact with the gate insulating film, variation in work function of the gate electrode can be suppressed, and variation in threshold value of the transistor can be reduced.
- a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus capable of performing the above is disclosed.
- the work function of TiN varies depending on the plane orientation of TiN (crystal orientation of the surface portion), and is 4.3 eV in (100) orientation (crystal orientation) and (111) orientation (crystal orientation). It is described as 4.6 eV.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method using a gate electrode having a laminated structure of polycrystalline silicon, PVD-TiN (second metal layer), and CVD-TiN (first metal layer). According to the method of Patent Document 3, TiN, which is the first metal layer, is formed at a low temperature of 450 ° C. or less in the thermal CVD method using TiCl 4 and NH 3, thereby suppressing damage to the gate insulating film. It is described that TiN having a work function of 4.8 eV suitable for a metal gate of a P-type MOSFET can be realized while reducing gate leakage current. Further, TiN that is the second metal layer is formed at 500 ° C.
- Patent Document 4 in a semiconductor device composed of a gate electrode having a laminated structure of TiN and tungsten and a high dielectric constant gate insulating film (hafnium silicate film), the film density of TiN is set to 5.0 g / cm 3 or more.
- the crystal structure to (100) orientation and setting the film composition Ti / N in the range of 1.0 to 1.2, the interaction between TiN and the high dielectric constant gate insulating film can be suppressed and the device characteristics can be improved. It is said that.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-203276 (FIGS. 1 and 5) Japanese Patent No. 3540613 (FIGS. 1 and 4) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-16538 (FIGS. 1, 14, and 15) JP 2009-59882 A
- Patent Document 1 Although the method described in Patent Document 1 is an effective technique that can control the work function by the concentration of nitrogen contained in titanium nitride, since a silicon nitride film or a silicon nitride oxide film is used as a gate insulating film, a high dielectric constant is used. There is a problem that the film composition and crystal orientation (orientation) of the TiN film optimum for the gate insulating film are not described.
- the method for controlling the plane orientation (crystal orientation of the surface portion) of the TiN film described in Patent Document 2 has a problem that nothing is described about the film composition for obtaining an optimum work function.
- the stacked TiN film formed by the CVD method and the PVD method described in Patent Document 3 is an effective technique for obtaining TiN having a high work function. There is a problem that nothing is described about the film density, crystal orientation (orientation), and film composition regarding the TiN film (second metal layer) in the contact area.
- the method of optimizing the film density, crystal structure (orientation), and film composition of the TiN film described in Patent Document 4 is effective in suppressing the reaction between TiN and the gate insulating film. There is a problem that nothing is described about the film density, crystal structure (orientation), and film composition for obtaining a work function.
- the present invention has been made with respect to the above-described conventional problems.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the problems described above, to have a high dielectric constant insulating film as a gate insulating film, and to use Ti and N as gate electrodes.
- a semiconductor device including a contained metal nitride layer a semiconductor device capable of optimizing the film composition, film density, and crystal orientation of TiN and improving element characteristics and a method for manufacturing the same are provided.
- the gate insulating film has a high dielectric constant insulating film made of either metal oxide, metal silicate, or metal oxide or metal silicate introduced with nitrogen
- the gate electrode includes a metal nitride layer containing at least Ti and N;
- the molar ratio of Ti and N (N / Ti ratio) of at least a portion in contact with the gate insulating film of the metal nitride layer is 1.15 or more and the film density is 4.7 g / cc or more. This is a featured semiconductor device.
- a gate insulating film having a high dielectric constant insulating film made of either a metal oxide, a metal silicate, or a metal oxide or metal silicate into which nitrogen is introduced on a silicon substrate, and the gate insulating film are provided.
- a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising a field effect transistor having a gate electrode having a Ti and N-containing metal nitride layer, Forming a metal nitride layer having a molar ratio of Ti and N (N / Ti ratio) of 1.15 or more and a film density of 4.7 g / cc or more at least in a portion in contact with the gate insulating film;
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising:
- the present invention it is possible to realize a work function particularly suitable for a P-type MOSFET without deteriorating the electrical characteristics of the device by controlling the film composition, film density, and preferably the crystal orientation of TiN. it can.
- crystal orientation means the ratio of (200) peak intensity to (111) peak intensity in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of a metal nitride layer containing Ti and N (C (200) / C (111)).
- the molar ratio of Ti and N (N / Ti ratio) and the film density, preferably the crystal orientation X, of the metal nitride layer of one layer included in the gate electrode is preferably in the above range at least in the part in contact with the gate insulating film. As long as the above is satisfied, it may or may not be uniform in the metal nitride layer.
- the form of the titanium nitride film for realizing a high work function in the present invention will be described taking the MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) capacitor element of FIG. 1 as an example.
- a titanium nitride film 3 and a silicon film 4 are formed on a p-type silicon substrate 1 having a gate insulating film 2 using a silicon oxide film and a HfSiO film as a high dielectric constant film on the surface. .
- the high dielectric constant material used for the gate insulating film 2 is a material having a relative dielectric constant larger than that of SiO 2 (3.9), and is a metal oxide, metal silicate, and metal oxide into which nitrogen is introduced. And metal silicate introduced with nitrogen. From the viewpoint of suppressing crystallization and improving the reliability of the element, a high dielectric constant film into which nitrogen is introduced is preferable.
- the metal in the high dielectric constant material is preferably Hf or Zr from the viewpoint of heat resistance of the film and suppression of fixed charge in the film.
- a metal oxide containing Hf or Zr and Si a metal oxynitride containing nitrogen in addition to this metal oxide is preferable, and HfSiO and HfSiON are more preferable.
- a silicon oxide film and a high dielectric constant film laminated thereon are used as the gate insulating film 2.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the high dielectric constant insulating film alone or the silicon oxynitride film is not limited thereto. A high dielectric constant film laminated thereon can be used.
- FIG. 2 shows an outline of a processing apparatus used in the process of forming the titanium nitride film 3 in the present invention.
- the film forming chamber 100 can be heated to a predetermined temperature by the heater 101.
- the substrate 102 to be processed can be heated to a predetermined temperature by a heater 105 via a susceptor 104 incorporated in a substrate support base 103. It is preferable that the substrate support 103 can be rotated at a predetermined rotational speed from the viewpoint of film thickness uniformity.
- a target 106 is installed at a position where the target substrate 102 is desired.
- the target 106 is installed on the target holder 108 via a back plate 107 made of a metal such as Cu.
- the outer shape of the target assembly in which the target 106 and the back plate 107 are combined may be made of a target material as a single component and attached as a target. That is, a configuration in which the target is installed on the target holder may be used.
- a DC power supply (DC power supply means) 110 for applying sputtering discharge power is connected to the target holder 108 made of metal such as Cu, and is insulated from the wall of the film formation processing chamber 100 at the ground potential by the insulator 109.
- a magnet 111 for realizing magnetron sputtering is disposed behind the target 106 as viewed from the sputtering surface.
- the magnets 111 may be arranged in any arrangement as long as they generate magnetic flux lines (magnetic flux).
- the magnet 111 is held by a magnet holder 112 and can be rotated by a magnet holder rotation mechanism (not shown). In order to make the erosion of the target uniform, the magnet 111 rotates during discharge.
- the target 106 is installed at an offset position obliquely above the substrate 102. That is, the center point of the sputtering surface of the target 106 is at a position that is shifted by a predetermined dimension with respect to the normal line of the center point of the substrate 102.
- a shielding plate 116 is disposed between the target 106 and the processing substrate 102 to control film formation on the processing substrate 102 by sputtered particles emitted from the target 106 to which power is supplied.
- the target was a Ti metal target 106.
- the deposition of the titanium nitride film is performed by supplying electric power to the metal target 106 from the DC power source 110 via the target holder 108 and the back plate 107, respectively.
- an inert gas is introduced from the inert gas source (inert gas introduction means) 201 into the film forming chamber 100 from the vicinity of the target through the valve 202, the mass flow controller 203, and the valve 204.
- a reactive gas composed of nitrogen is introduced from a nitrogen gas source (reactive gas introducing means) 205 to the vicinity of the substrate in the film formation chamber 100 through a valve 206, a mass flow controller 207, and a valve 208.
- the introduced inert gas and reactive gas are exhausted by the exhaust pump 118 via the conductance valve 117.
- titanium nitride 3 was deposited using argon as a sputtering gas and nitrogen as a reactive gas.
- the substrate temperature is 27 ° C. to 600 ° C.
- the target power is 50 W to 1000 W
- the sputtering gas pressure is 0.2 Pa to 1.0 Pa
- the Ar flow rate is 0 sccm to 100 sccm (0 Pa ⁇ m 3 / sec to 1.69 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1. Pa ⁇ m 3 / sec)
- the nitrogen gas flow rate may be suitably determined in 0sccm ⁇ 100sccm (0Pa ⁇ m 3 /sec ⁇ 1.69 ⁇ 10 -1 Pa ⁇ m 3 / sec), range.
- the substrate temperature of 30 ° C., Ti target power 750W, sputtering gas pressure 0.2Pa and the argon gas flow rate 0sccm ⁇ 20sccm (0Pa ⁇ m 3 /sec ⁇ 3.38 ⁇ 10 -2 Pa ⁇ m 3 / sec) was deposited by varying the nitrogen gas flow rate in the range of 2sccm ⁇ 50sccm (3.38 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa ⁇ m 3 /sec ⁇ 8.45 ⁇ 10 -2 Pa ⁇ m 3 / sec).
- the molar ratio and crystal orientation of the Ti element and N element in the titanium nitride film were adjusted by the mixing ratio of argon and nitrogen introduced during sputtering using the control device 400 shown in FIGS.
- the “molar ratio” refers to the ratio of the number of moles, which is the basic unit of the substance amount.
- the molar ratio of the Ti element and the N element can be measured, for example, from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy based on the binding energy of electrons inherent in the substance, the energy level and amount of electrons.
- a 20 nm thick silicon film 4 was deposited on the deposited titanium nitride film 3 by sputtering.
- the TiN film was processed into a desired size using a lithography technique and a RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) technique to form an element.
- RIE Reactive Ion Etching
- the composition of the deposited titanium nitride film was analyzed by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method.
- the crystal orientation of the titanium nitride film was analyzed by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) method.
- the film density was analyzed by an X-ray reflectometer method.
- electrical characteristics such as effective work function, EOT (Equivalent Oxide Thickness, SiO 2 equivalent film thickness), and leakage current characteristics were evaluated by CV and IV measurements.
- the “effective work function” is generally obtained from a flat band obtained by CV measurement of the gate insulating film and the gate electrode, and in addition to the original work function of the gate electrode, It is affected by fixed charges, dipoles formed at the interface, Fermi level pinning, etc. It is distinguished from the original “work function” of the material constituting the gate electrode (energy required to extract one electron from the Fermi level to the vacuum level). Since Patent Document 1 to Patent Document 4 describe a work function on an insulating film, it is considered to be used in the meaning of an effective work function value. In this specification, an effective work function described later was obtained from a flat band obtained by CV measurement between the gate insulating film and the gate electrode.
- EOT equivalent oxide thickness
- the oxide film equivalent film thickness de is the film thickness of this insulating film. It shows that the silicon oxide film is thinner than the thickness dh.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the titanium nitride film composition (molar ratio) (N / Ti ratio) and the titanium nitride film density in the present invention.
- a region indicated by a in the figure represents an N / Ti ratio region that realizes a work function suitable for a P-type MOSFET.
- the titanium nitride forming conditions argon gas and nitrogen gas flow conditions
- the effective work function values derived from the CV measurement are shown.
- a titanium nitride film manufactured under the conditions of an argon gas flow rate of 25 sccm (4.23 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa ⁇ m 3 / sec) and a nitrogen gas flow rate of 10 sccm (1.69 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa ⁇ m 3 / sec).
- the film density is 4.77 g / cc
- the film density is 5.05 g / cc
- the titanium nitride film in the present invention can control the film composition (molar ratio) (N / Ti ratio), film density, and work function by adjusting the argon gas flow rate and the nitrogen gas flow rate during sputtering formation. . Since the work function of a metal is closely related to the electronegativity, it is considered that the work function is increased by increasing the content of nitrogen having high electronegativity in titanium nitride.
- the N / Ti ratio is preferably 1.15 or more.
- the N / Ti ratio is 1 It was found that 2 or more is preferable.
- the titanium nitride film according to the present invention has an effective work function value that increases as the film composition (molar ratio) (N / Ti ratio) increases. As the (molar ratio) (N / Ti ratio)) increases, the effective work function decreases).
- FIG. 4 shows a result of comparison of XRD diffraction spectra of the titanium nitride films manufactured under the above conditions A, B and D. 4 indicates the diffraction angle, and the vertical axis in FIG. 4 indicates the diffraction intensity.
- C (111), C (200), and C (220) represent the crystal plane, (111) plane, (200) plane, and (220) plane of the titanium nitride film, respectively.
- the titanium nitride films under conditions A and B having a high film composition (molar ratio) (N / Ti ratio) and an effective work function have an effective film composition (molar ratio) (N / Ti ratio).
- condition D having a low work function, the crystal structure has a higher crystal orientation on the (200) plane.
- FIG. 5 shows a comparison of the film composition (molar ratio) (N / Ti ratio) of the titanium nitride film and the peak intensity ratio C (200) / C (111) between the (111) plane and the (200) plane in the XRD spectrum. (Results serving as an index of crystal orientation).
- the horizontal axis represents the film composition (molar ratio) (N / Ti ratio) of the titanium nitride film, and the vertical axis represents the peak intensity ratio.
- region shown by b represents the area
- the peak intensity ratio of the titanium nitride film having a film composition (molar ratio) (N / Ti ratio) of 1.2 or more under the conditions A and B has a high value of 1.7 or more. Yes. Further, the peak intensity ratio of the titanium nitride film under the condition B is 1.8 or more, which is higher than the condition A. Therefore, a titanium nitride film having an effective work function value of 4.9 eV or more has a film composition (molar ratio) (N / Ti ratio) of 1.2 or more, and a peak intensity ratio C ( 200) / C (111) is 1.7 or more.
- the titanium nitride film in the present invention has an effective work function value as high as 4.9 eV even when the crystal orientation of the (200) plane is present, and is disclosed in Patent Document 2 described above. It is shown that the value of the effective work function of the titanium nitride film is different from the case of having 4.3 eV in the (100) orientation and 4.6 eV in the (111) orientation.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the EOT (Equivalent Oxide Thickness, SiO 2 equivalent film thickness) and leakage current (Jg) of an element having a titanium nitride film manufactured under conditions A, B and D. From the figure, compared with the element having the titanium nitride film of condition A and condition D, the element having the titanium nitride film of condition B has an EOT increased by 0.2 nm and the leakage current (Jg) increased by about one digit. To do. This indicates that although the titanium nitride film under the condition B has a high effective work function, the device characteristics are deteriorated.
- EOT Equivalent Oxide Thickness, SiO 2 equivalent film thickness
- the difference between the titanium nitride film of condition B and the titanium nitride film of conditions A and D is that the film density is low and the peak intensity ratio C (200) / C (111) that is an index of crystal orientation is 1.8 or more. It is expensive.
- the electrical characteristics of an element having an effective work function value and a peak intensity ratio C (200) / C (111) equivalent to those in Condition D and having a titanium nitride film having a film density equivalent to that in Condition B It was confirmed that there was no deterioration in EOT and leakage current value (Jg).
- the increase in EOT and leakage current in the element having the titanium nitride film under the condition B is caused by the crystal orientation.
- the titanium nitride film according to the present invention causes deterioration of element characteristics when the crystal orientation of C (200) is dominant. Therefore, the titanium nitride film disclosed in Patent Document 4 (C (100 It is shown that the device characteristics are different from those in () orientation.
- the C (200) plane in the titanium nitride film can be regarded as a plane equivalent to the C (100) plane.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the film composition (molar ratio) O / Ti ratio and the film density constituting the titanium nitride film.
- a region indicated by c in the drawing represents a region having a film density for suppressing oxidation of the titanium nitride film.
- the prepared sample is oxidized by exposure to the atmosphere.
- the film composition (molar ratio) O / Ti ratio decreases as the film density of titanium nitride increases.
- the relationship between the film density of titanium nitride and the specific resistance in FIG. 8 is shown.
- a region indicated by d in the drawing represents a region having a film density for suppressing oxidation of the titanium nitride film and preventing an increase in specific resistance.
- the film density of the titanium nitride film is preferably 4.7 g / cc or more, and more preferably 4.8 g / cc or more. Further, the oxidation of the titanium nitride film can be suppressed by depositing a metal-containing film of TaN, W, WN, Si, and Al on the titanium nitride film.
- the molar ratio of Ti and N of the metal nitride layer in the present invention is preferably 1.15 or more and more preferably 1.2 or more in order to realize an effective work function suitable for the P-type MOSFET.
- the peak intensity ratio X of C [200] / C [111] in the XRD spectrum representing the crystal orientation of the metal nitride layer realizes an effective work function suitable for a P-type MOSFET, and the electrical characteristics of the device. In order not to deteriorate, the range of 1.1 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.8 is preferable.
- the film density is preferably 4.7 g / cc or more, and more preferably 4.8 g / cc or more, in order to prevent deterioration of device characteristics due to oxidation.
- the thickness of the metal nitride layer in the present invention is preferably 20 nm or less and 1 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or less and 1 nm or more in order to suppress a change in gate shape accompanying side etching in the etching process of the gate electrode.
- the entire surface is made of at least one of TaN, W, WN, Si, and Al. It is preferred to deposit a selected metal-containing film.
- the deposition of the titanium nitride film in the present invention suppresses deterioration of device characteristics due to plasma damage to the gate insulating film, and controls the composition and crystal orientation, so that the target as shown in FIG. Is a step of magnetron sputtering a Ti target in a mixed gas atmosphere of a reactive gas and an inert gas made of nitrogen in a film forming chamber installed at an offset position obliquely above, and Ti and the metal nitride layer Nitrogen gas so that the molar ratio of N is 1.1 or more and the film density is 4.7 g / cc or more, and preferably the crystal orientation X satisfies the range of 1.1 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.8. It is preferable to set the mixing ratio of the inert gas.
- the process of forming the metal nitride layer and at least one of TaN, W, WN, Si, Al on the metal nitride layer is preferably carried out continuously in a vacuum atmosphere.
- an element having a gate insulating film using a silicon oxide film and an HfSiO film as a high dielectric constant film has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a high dielectric constant material used for the gate insulating film is described.
- a material having a relative dielectric constant larger than that of SiO 2 (3.9) include metal oxide, metal silicate, metal oxide into which nitrogen is introduced, and metal silicate into which nitrogen is introduced. . From the viewpoint of suppressing crystallization and improving the reliability of the element, a high dielectric constant film into which nitrogen is introduced is preferable.
- the metal in the high dielectric constant material is preferably Hf or Zr from the viewpoint of heat resistance of the film and suppression of fixed electrification in the film.
- a metal oxide containing Hf or Zr and Si a metal oxynitride containing nitrogen in addition to this metal oxide is preferable, and HfSiO and HfSiON are more preferable.
- a silicon oxide film and a high dielectric constant film laminated thereon are used as a gate insulating film, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a high dielectric constant insulating film alone or a silicon oxynitride film and its A high dielectric constant film laminated thereon can be used.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a control device that controls the processing device of FIG. 2.
- the valves 202, 204, 206, and 208 can be controlled to be opened and closed by the control device 400 via the control input / output ports 500, 501, 502, and 503, respectively.
- the mass flow controllers 203 and 207 can adjust the flow rate by the control device 400 via the control input / output ports 504 and 505, respectively. Further, the opening of the conductance valve 117 can be adjusted by the control device 400 via the control input / output port 506.
- the temperature of the heater 105 can be adjusted by the control device 400 via the input / output port 507. Further, the rotation state of the substrate support 103 can be adjusted by the control device 400 via the input / output port 508. Further, the frequency and supply power of the DC power source 110 can be adjusted by the control device 400 via the input / output port 509.
- the control device 400 causes the molar ratio of Ti and N (N / Ti ratio) to be at least 1.15 in the metal nitride layer at least in contact with the gate insulating film, and the film density is 4.
- Reaction comprising an inert gas such as argon gas and nitrogen gas introduced during sputtering film formation so that the crystal orientation X is 1.1 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.8, preferably 7 g / cc or more.
- the mixing ratio of the sex gas is controlled.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of the control device 400 of FIG.
- the control device 400 includes an input unit 401, a storage unit 402 having a program and data, a processor 403, and an output unit 404.
- the control device 400 basically has a computer configuration, and controls the processing device 405 in FIG.
- the manufacturing program of the present invention is recorded on a recording medium readable by a computer (PC) and installed in the storage unit 402 of the control device 400.
- Recording media include floppy (registered trademark) disks, ZIP (registered trademark) magnetic recording media, MO magneto-optical recording media, CD-R, DVD-R, DVD + R, DVD-RAM, DVD + RW (registered trademark).
- optical disks such as PD.
- flash memory systems such as CompactFlash (registered trademark), SmartMedia (registered trademark), Memory Stick (registered trademark), SD card, and removable disks such as Microdrive (registered trademark) and Jaz (registered trademark).
- the manufacturing program of the present invention installed in the storage unit 402 has a high dielectric constant insulation made of a metal oxide, a metal silicate, or a metal oxide or a metal silicate introduced with nitrogen on a silicon substrate.
- a manufacturing program for a semiconductor device including a field effect transistor having a gate insulating film having a film and a gate electrode having a metal nitride layer containing Ti and N provided on the gate insulating film.
- a metal nitride layer having a Ti / N molar ratio (N / Ti ratio) of 1.15 or more and a film density of 4.7 g / cc or more is formed at least at a portion in contact with the gate insulating film. Let the computer perform the procedure.
- the procedure for forming the metal nitride layer is a procedure for magnetron sputtering a Ti target in a mixed atmosphere of a reactive gas and an inert gas made of nitrogen, and at least the gate insulating film of the metal nitride layer Reactive gas and inert gas so that the molar ratio of Ti and N (N / Ti ratio) is 1.15 or more and the film density is 4.7 g / cc or more. Adjust the mixing ratio.
- the manufacturing program of the present invention further includes a procedure for heating the substrate to be processed and depositing a metal film on the substrate to be processed by physical vapor deposition using a target as a procedure for forming the gate insulating film.
- a procedure for supplying a gas containing an element to be oxidized and oxidizing the metal film by a thermal oxidation reaction to form a high dielectric constant insulating film may be provided.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the element structure according to the first embodiment.
- Hf having a film thickness of 0.3 to 1.5 nm was deposited on the silicon substrate 5 having a silicon oxide film having a film thickness of 1.8 nm on the surface by a sputtering method. Thereafter, annealing is performed at 900 ° C. for 1 minute in an atmosphere with an oxygen partial pressure of 0.1 Pa to diffuse Hf into the silicon oxide film, thereby forming the gate insulating film 6 having a laminated structure of the silicon oxide film and the HfSiO film. Formed. The Hf concentration in the HfSiO film is changed depending on the deposited film thickness of Hf. Thereafter, in the processing apparatus shown in FIG.
- the molar ratio of Ti and N is 1.15 or more by adjusting the mixing ratio of the argon gas flow rate and the nitrogen gas flow rate using a Ti metal target,
- a titanium nitride film 7 having a crystal orientation X in the range of 1.1 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.8 was deposited to 2 nm to 20 nm. Thereafter, a silicon film 8 was deposited to 20 nm.
- the TiN film was processed into a desired size by using a lithography technique and an RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) technique.
- the composition of the deposited titanium nitride film was analyzed by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method. Further, the crystal orientation of the titanium nitride film was analyzed by an X-ray diffraction (XRD: X-ray Diffraction) method. The film density was analyzed by an X-ray reflectometer method. In addition, electrical characteristics such as effective work function, EOT, and leakage current characteristics were evaluated by CV and IV measurements.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- FIG. 11 shows the Hf film thickness dependence of the effective work function.
- the metal nitride layer disposed on the gate insulating film in this example has a molar ratio of Ti and N of 1.15 or more and a crystal orientation X of 1.1 ⁇ X ⁇
- an effective work function (4.6 eV) suitable for a P-type MOSFET can be obtained without depending on the film thickness (Hf concentration) of Hf.
- the film density of the metal nitride layer was 4.7 g / cc or more, and no deterioration in electrical characteristics was observed with an increase in specific resistance due to oxidation.
- a gate electrode having a stacked structure of a metal nitride layer containing Ti and N and a Si film as a gate electrode is shown, but a single layer of metal nitride layer containing Ti and N as a gate electrode and It was confirmed that the same effect was obtained even when a laminated film of a metal nitride film and a metal-containing film selected from at least one of TaN, W, WN, and Al was used.
- FIGS. 12A to 12C are diagrams showing the steps of the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 9 which is the second embodiment of the present invention.
- an element isolation region 302 formed by STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) technology is provided on the surface of a silicon substrate 301.
- a silicon thermal oxide film having a film thickness of 1.0 nm is formed by thermal oxidation on the surface of the silicon substrate from which the elements are separated.
- an HfSiON film is deposited by the same method as in the first embodiment to form a gate insulating film 303.
- the molar ratio of Ti and N is 1.15 or more by adjusting the mixing ratio of the argon gas flow rate and the nitrogen gas flow rate on the gate insulating film 303 by the same method as in Example 1 using a Ti metal target.
- a titanium nitride film 304 having a film density of 4.7 g / cc or more and a crystal orientation X in a range of 1.1 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.8 was deposited to 2 nm to 10 nm.
- a silicon layer 305 having a thickness of 20 nm it is processed into a gate electrode by using a lithography technique and an RIE technique as shown in FIG. 12B, and then ion implantation is performed to form an extension diffusion region 306. It was formed in a self-aligned manner using the gate electrode as a mask.
- a silicon nitride film and a silicon oxide film are sequentially deposited, and then etched back to form a gate sidewall 307.
- ion implantation was performed again, and source / drain diffusion layers 308 were formed through activation annealing.
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Abstract
Description
前記ゲート絶縁膜が、金属酸化物、金属シリケート、又は窒素が導入された金属酸化物もしくは金属シリケートのいずれかからなる高誘電率絶縁膜を有し、
前記ゲート電極が、少なくともTiとNを含有する金属窒化物層を含むゲート電極であって、
前記金属窒化物層の少なくとも前記ゲート絶縁膜と接する部分の、TiとNのモル比率(N/Ti比)が1.15以上であり、かつ膜密度が4.7g/cc以上であることを特徴とする半導体装置である。
少なくともゲート絶縁膜と接する部分の、TiとNのモル比率(N/Ti比)が1.15以上であり、かつ膜密度が4.7g/cc以上である金属窒化物層を形成する工程を備えたことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法である。
de=dh×(εo/εh)・・・(1)
本発明の第1の実施例を、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
本発明の第2の実施例を、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
2 ゲート絶縁膜
3 ゲート電極
4 シリコン
5 シリコン基板
6 ゲート絶縁膜
7 窒化チタン膜
8 シリコン膜
100 成膜処理室
101 ヒータ
102 被処理基板
103 基板支持台
104 サセプタ
105 ヒータ
106 金属ターゲット
107 バックプレート
108 ターゲットホルダー
109 絶縁体
110 直流電源
111 マグネット
112 マグネットホルダー
116 遮蔽板
117 コンダクタンスバルブ
118 排気ポンプ
201 不活性ガス源
202 バルブ
203 マスフローコントローラ
204 バルブ
205 反応性ガス源
206 バルブ
207 マスフルーコントローラ
208 バルブ
301 シリコン基板
302 素子分離領域
303 ゲート絶縁膜
304 金属窒化物層
305 シリコン層
306 エクステンション領域
307 ゲート側壁
308 ソース・ドレイン領域
Claims (16)
- シリコン基板上に、ゲート絶縁膜と該ゲート絶縁膜上に設けられたゲート電極とを有する電界効果トランジスタを備えた半導体装置において、
前記ゲート絶縁膜が、金属酸化物、金属シリケート、又は窒素が導入された金属酸化物もしくは金属シリケートのいずれかからなる高誘電率絶縁膜を有し、
前記ゲート電極が、少なくともTiとNを含有する金属窒化物層を含むゲート電極であって、
前記金属窒化物層の少なくとも前記ゲート絶縁膜と接する部分の、TiとNのモル比率(N/Ti比)が1.15以上であり、かつ膜密度が4.7g/cc以上であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記金属窒化物層の少なくとも前記ゲート絶縁膜と接する部分の、TiとNのモル比率(N/Ti比)が1.2以上であり、かつ膜密度が4.8g/cc以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記金属窒化物層の少なくとも前記ゲート絶縁膜と接する部分の結晶配向性Xが1.1<X<1.8の範囲を有していることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ゲート電極が、前記金属窒化物層と、Al、W、WN、Siから選択される少なくとも一つを含む金属含有膜との積層構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記金属窒化物層の膜厚が20nm以下1nm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記高誘電率絶縁膜が、HfもしくはZrを含む絶縁膜であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ゲート絶縁膜が、シリコン酸化膜もしくはシリコン窒化膜と、HfもしくはZrを含む絶縁膜との積層構造であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- シリコン基板上に、金属酸化物、金属シリケート、又は窒素が導入された金属酸化物もしくは金属シリケートのいずれかからなる高誘電率絶縁膜を有するゲート絶縁膜と、前記ゲート絶縁膜上に設けられたTiとNを含有する金属窒化物層を有するゲート電極とを有する電界効果トランジスタを備えた半導体装置の製造方法であって、
少なくともゲート絶縁膜と接する部分の、TiとNのモル比率(N/Ti比)が1.15以上であり、かつ膜密度が4.7g/cc以上である金属窒化物層を形成する工程を備えたことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記金属窒化物層を形成する工程が、少なくともゲート絶縁膜と接する部分の結晶配向性Xが1.1<X<1.8の範囲である金属窒化物層を形成する工程であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記金属窒化物層を、大気に暴露することなく、その全面にAl、W、WN、Siから選択される少なくとも一つを含む金属含有膜を形成する工程を備えたことを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記金属窒化物層を形成する工程が、窒素からなる反応性ガスと不活性ガスの混合雰囲気下においてTiターゲットをマグネトロンスパッタする工程であり、
前記金属窒化物層の少なくとも前記ゲート絶縁膜と接する部分を形成する際に、TiとNのモル比率(N/Ti比)が1.15以上であり、かつ膜密度が4.7g/cc以上となるように反応性ガスと不活性ガスの混合比を設定することを特徴とする請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記金属窒化物層の少なくとも前記ゲート絶縁膜と接する部分を形成する際に、結晶配向性Xが1.1<X<1.8の範囲を満たすように反応性ガスと不活性ガスの混合比を設定することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- シリコン基板上に、金属酸化物、金属シリケート、又は窒素が導入された金属酸化物もしくは金属シリケートのいずれかからなる高誘電率絶縁膜を有するゲート絶縁膜と、前記ゲート絶縁膜上に設けられたTiとNを含有する金属窒化物層を有するゲート電極とを有する電界効果トランジスタを備えた半導体装置の製造装置であって、
成膜処理室と、被処理基板を支持する基板支持台と、前記基板支持台の温度を調節する加熱装置と、前記成膜処理室中に不活性ガスを導入する不活性ガス導入手段と、前記成膜処理室中に窒素からなる反応性ガスを導入する反応性ガス導入手段と、ターゲットに直流電力を供給する直流電力供給手段と、を有し、
前記金属窒化物層の少なくとも前記ゲート絶縁膜と接する部分の、TiとNのモル比率(N/Ti比)が1.15以上であり、かつ膜密度が4.7g/cc以上となるように、前記成膜処理室中に導入する不活性ガスと反応性ガスの混合比率を調整する制御装置を設けたことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造装置。 - シリコン基板上に、金属酸化物、金属シリケート、又は窒素が導入された金属酸化物もしくは金属シリケートのいずれかからなる高誘電率絶縁膜を有するゲート絶縁膜と、前記ゲート絶縁膜上に設けられたTiとNを含有する金属窒化物層を有するゲート電極とを有する電界効果トランジスタを備えた半導体装置の製造プログラムであって、
少なくともゲート絶縁膜と接する部分の、TiとNのモル比率(N/Ti比)が1.15以上であり、かつ膜密度が4.7g/cc以上である金属窒化物層を形成する手順をコンピューターに実行させることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造プログラム。 - 前記金属窒化物層を形成する手順が、窒素からなる反応性ガスと不活性ガスの混合雰囲気下においてTiターゲットをマグネトロンスパッタする手順であり、
前記金属窒化物層の少なくとも前記ゲート絶縁膜と接する部分を形成する際に、TiとNのモル比率(N/Ti比)が1.15以上であり、かつ膜密度が4.7g/cc以上となるように反応性ガスと不活性ガスの混合比を調整することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の半導体装置の製造プログラム。 - 請求項14または15に記載の製造プログラムを記録したことを特徴とするコンピューターにより読み取り可能な記録媒体。
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JP2013232470A (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-11-14 | Canon Anelva Corp | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
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KR101986144B1 (ko) | 2012-12-28 | 2019-06-05 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 고유전층과 금속게이트를 갖는 반도체장치 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR102263765B1 (ko) | 2015-04-08 | 2021-06-09 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 반도체 소자, 그의 제조 방법, 및 이를 구비하는 반도체 장치 |
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