WO2010150829A1 - 電力供給装置 - Google Patents
電力供給装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010150829A1 WO2010150829A1 PCT/JP2010/060684 JP2010060684W WO2010150829A1 WO 2010150829 A1 WO2010150829 A1 WO 2010150829A1 JP 2010060684 W JP2010060684 W JP 2010060684W WO 2010150829 A1 WO2010150829 A1 WO 2010150829A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power supply
- output
- value
- current
- supply device
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply device in which a plurality of power supply devices are operated in parallel to supply DC power to a load device.
- a power supply device in which all power supply devices perform constant voltage control.
- the output voltages of all the power supply devices are set to have the same constant voltage.
- the power supply apparatus has a problem that the load is concentrated on the power supply device having the maximum output voltage, that is, the specific power supply device, and the advantage that a plurality of power supply devices are operated in parallel is reduced.
- a power supply apparatus including two power supply devices in which the output voltage monotonously decreases as the output current increases (see, for example, JP-A-10-248253).
- the inclination angles of the output current-output voltage characteristics of the two power supply devices are different. That is, when the output current changes by the same magnitude, the amount of change in the output voltage of one power supply device is different from the amount of change in the output voltage of the other power supply device.
- each power supply device depending on the total operating current (load current) of all load devices, each power supply device settles at the balance point of output current-output voltage characteristics and load current, An arbitrary output current can be output from each power supply device at an arbitrary output voltage.
- each power supply device uses the built-in DC / DC converter to step up and down the input voltage (power supply voltage) to obtain the output voltage.
- a secondary battery B may be used as a power source connected to the power supply device as described above.
- the loss due to the internal resistance r increases as the current flowing through the internal resistance r (output current) increases due to the presence of the internal resistance r connected in series to the electromotive force E. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11B, the efficiency of the secondary battery B (ratio of the output power of the secondary battery B to the sum of the output power of the secondary battery B and the loss due to the internal resistance r) ⁇ 1 is 2
- the secondary battery B has a characteristic of decreasing as the output current increases.
- the efficiency (ratio of the output power of the power supply device to the input power of the power supply device) ⁇ 2 of the power supply device A has a characteristic as shown in FIG.
- the input power of the power supply device A is the sum of the output power of the power supply device A and the internal loss of the power supply device A.
- the efficiency when the secondary battery B and the power supply device A are combined (the power supply device A with respect to the sum of the output power of the secondary battery B and the loss due to the internal resistance r).
- the output power ratio ( ⁇ 3) has a characteristic that becomes maximum at a certain output current (output current of the power supply device A). Therefore, the power supply device A to which the secondary battery B is connected can be efficiently operated when used with the output current when the efficiency ⁇ 3 is maximized.
- the secondary battery B since the magnitude of the output current of each power supply device varies according to the magnitude of the load current, the secondary battery B is connected to the power supply device A as shown in FIG. Is connected as a power source, the combination of the secondary battery B and the power supply device A is not necessarily operated efficiently.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device that can be operated with maximum efficiency for a combination of a secondary battery and a power supply device.
- a power supply device is connected to a DC supply line to which a load device is connected, and includes a main power supply device and a sub power supply unit that supply DC power to the load device through the DC supply line, and the DC supply line.
- a load current detection unit that measures a value of a flowing current and outputs the measurement value, and when the measurement value is obtained from the load current detection unit, it is determined whether or not the obtained measurement value is larger than an optimum current value. Determination means and control means.
- the main power supply device is configured to generate DC power to be supplied to the load device using the power obtained from the secondary battery.
- the optimum current value is a value of the ratio of the power output from the main power supply device to the DC supply line to the sum of the power output from the secondary battery to the main power supply device and the loss due to the internal resistance of the secondary battery. Is the value of the current that the main power supply device outputs to the DC supply line when becomes maximum.
- the control means is configured so that the current value output from the main power supply device to the DC supply line is equal to the optimum current value.
- An instruction value is output to the main power supply device.
- the main power supply device includes adjustment means for adjusting a value of a current output to the DC supply line based on the instruction value received from the control means.
- the sub power unit includes commercial power equipment.
- the commercial power supply device converts the AC power obtained from the commercial power source into DC power, and performs constant voltage control for applying a constant voltage to the DC supply line regardless of the magnitude of the current output to the DC supply line. Configured to do.
- the main power device has a slope control that monotonically decreases the output voltage applied to the DC supply line as the output current output to the DC supply line increases, and monotonically increases the output voltage as the output current decreases. Configured to do.
- the determination unit determines that the measured value is greater than the optimum current value
- the control unit determines that the main power device is equal to a voltage that the commercial power device supplies to the DC supply line.
- the instruction value is output to the main power supply device so that the value of the output current of the power supply device becomes the optimum current value.
- the adjustment unit receives the instruction value from the control unit, the adjustment unit sets the value of the output current to a value corresponding to the instruction value without changing the output voltage by changing the condition of the inclination control. Configured to do.
- the sub power supply unit includes an inclined output power supply device.
- the inclined output power supply device monotonously decreases the second output voltage applied to the DC supply line as the second output current output to the DC supply line increases, and the second output current decreases as the second output current decreases.
- the second inclination control for monotonously increasing the output voltage is performed.
- the control means determines that the value of the second output current of the inclined output power supply device is the difference between the measured value and the optimum current value.
- the second instruction value is output to the inclined output power supply device so as to be equal.
- the inclined output power supply device includes second adjusting means for adjusting the value of the second output current based on the second instruction value. When the second adjustment means receives the second instruction value from the control means, the second output current value is changed without changing the second output voltage by changing the condition of the second inclination control. Is set to a value corresponding to the second indication value.
- the commercial power supply device is configured such that when the slope output power supply device cannot set the value of the second output current to a value corresponding to the second instruction value, the output current of the main power supply device.
- the second output current of the inclined output power supply device are configured to output a current having a value equal to the difference between the measured value and the DC supply line.
- the sub power unit is configured to output the current corresponding to the indicated value received from the control means to the DC power supply line by the adjusting means of the main power equipment while the main power equipment. Is configured to output to the DC supply line a current having a value equal to the difference between the value of the current output to the DC supply line and the optimum current value.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a main part of the first embodiment. It is a block diagram same as the above. It is a circuit diagram of the 1st power supply device which concerns on the same as the above. It is a circuit diagram of the 2nd power supply device which concerns on the same as the above.
- (a) shows the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device
- (b) shows the output current-output voltage characteristic of the first power supply device
- (c) Is a figure explaining the output current of a 2nd power supply device. It is a figure explaining operation
- (A) is a block diagram showing the connection state of the secondary battery and the power supply device
- (b) is a diagram showing the efficiency of the secondary battery
- (c) is a diagram showing the efficiency of the power supply device
- (d) is a secondary battery. It is a figure which shows the efficiency when combining with a power supply device.
- the house H is provided with a DC power supply unit 101 that outputs DC power and a DC device (load device) 102 as a load driven by the DC power.
- DC power is supplied to the DC device 102 through a DC supply line Wdc connected to the output end of the DC device 102.
- a current flowing through the DC supply line Wdc is monitored between the DC power supply unit 101 and the DC device 102.
- a DC breaker 114 is provided for limiting or blocking the current.
- the DC supply line Wdc is used as both a DC power supply path and a communication path, and is connected to the DC supply line Wdc by superimposing a communication signal for transmitting data on a DC voltage using a high-frequency carrier wave. Enables communication between devices.
- This technique is similar to a power line carrier technique in which a communication signal is superimposed on an AC voltage in a power line that supplies AC power.
- the DC supply line Wdc is connected to the home server 116 via the DC power supply unit 101.
- the home server 116 is a main device that constructs a home communication network (hereinafter referred to as “home network”), and communicates with a subsystem or the like constructed by the DC device 102 in the home network.
- home network a home communication network
- an illumination system comprising an information equipment system K101 comprising an information-system DC device 102 such as a personal computer, a wireless access point, a router, and an IP telephone, and an illumination system DC equipment 102 such as a lighting fixture.
- Each subsystem constitutes a self-supporting distributed system, and can operate even with the subsystem alone.
- the above-described DC breaker 114 is provided in association with a subsystem.
- four DCs are associated with the information equipment system K101, the lighting system K102 and the entrance system K103, the house alarm system K104, and the lighting system K105.
- a breaker 114 is provided.
- a connection box 121 for dividing the system of the DC supply line Wdc is provided for each subsystem.
- a connection box 121 is provided between the illumination system K102 and the entrance system K103.
- an information equipment system K101 composed of a DC equipment 102 connected to a DC outlet 131 arranged in advance in the house H (constructed when the house H is constructed) in the form of a wall outlet or a floor outlet.
- the lighting systems K102 and K105 include a lighting system K102 composed of a lighting device (DC device 102) arranged in advance in the house H and a lighting device (DC device 102) connected to a hook ceiling 132 arranged in advance on the ceiling.
- An illumination system K105 is provided.
- the contractor attaches the lighting fixture to the hook ceiling 132, or the householder himself attaches the lighting fixture.
- an instruction to control the lighting apparatus that is the DC device 102 constituting the lighting system K102 can be given using a communication signal from the switch 141 connected to the DC supply line Wdc. That is, the switch 141 has a communication function together with the DC device 102.
- a control instruction may be given by a communication signal from another DC device 102 in the home network or the home server 116 regardless of the operation of the switch 141.
- the instructions to the lighting fixture include lighting, extinguishing, dimming, and blinking lighting.
- DC outlet Since any DC device 102 can be connected to the DC outlet 131 and the hooking ceiling 132 described above and DC power is output to the connected DC device 102, the DC outlet 131 and the hooking ceiling 132 are distinguished below. When it is not necessary, it is called “DC outlet”.
- DC outlets have a plug-in connection port into which a contact (not shown) provided directly on the DC device 102 or a contact (not shown) provided via a connection line is inserted into the body.
- the contact receiver that directly contacts the contact inserted into the connection port is held by the container. That is, the direct current outlet supplies power in a contact manner.
- a communication signal can be transmitted through the DC supply line Wdc.
- a communication function is provided not only in the DC device 102 but also in the DC outlet.
- the home server 116 not only is connected to the home network, but also has a connection port connected to the wide area network NT that constructs the Internet.
- the in-home server 116 is connected to the wide area network NT, it is possible to receive services from the center server 200 that is a computer server connected to the wide area network NT.
- the service provided by the center server 200 includes a service that enables monitoring and control of equipment (including mainly the DC equipment 102 but also other equipment having a communication function) connected to the home network through the wide area network NT. is there.
- This service makes it possible to monitor and control devices connected to the home network using a communication terminal (not shown) having a browser function such as a personal computer, Internet TV, or mobile phone.
- the in-home server 116 has both functions of communication with the center server 200 connected to the wide area network NT and communication with equipment connected to the home network, and identification information about equipment in the home network ( Here, it is assumed that an IP address is used).
- the home server 116 enables monitoring and control of home devices through the center server 200 from a communication terminal connected to the wide area network NT by using a communication function with the center server 200.
- the center server 200 mediates between home devices and communication terminals on the wide area network NT.
- monitoring and control requests are stored in the center server 200, and the home device periodically performs one-way polling communication to monitor from the communication terminal. And receive control requests. With this operation, it is possible to monitor and control devices in the house from the communication terminal.
- the home device when an event that should be notified to the communication terminal, such as a fire detection, occurs in the home device, the home device notifies the center server 200, and the center server 200 notifies the communication terminal by e-mail.
- an event that should be notified to the communication terminal such as a fire detection
- the home server 116 automatically detects devices connected to the home network by applying UPnP (Universal Plug and Play).
- the home server 116 includes a display device 117 having a browser function, and displays a list of detected devices on the display device 117.
- the display device 117 has a configuration with a touch panel type or an operation unit, and can perform an operation of selecting desired contents from options displayed on the screen of the display device 117. Therefore, the user (contractor or householder) of the home server 116 can monitor or control the device on the screen of the display device 117.
- the display device 117 may be provided separately from the home server 116.
- the home server 116 manages information related to device connection, and grasps the type, function, and address of the device connected to the home network. Accordingly, the devices in the home network can be operated in conjunction with each other. Information on the connection of the device is automatically detected as described above. In order to operate the device in an interlocking manner, the device itself is automatically associated with the attribute held by the device itself, and the home server 116 is configured as a personal computer. It is also possible to connect various information terminals and use the browser function of the information terminals to associate devices.
- Each device maintains the relationship of the interlocking operation of the devices. Therefore, the device can operate in an interlocked manner without passing through the home server 116.
- By associating the linked operations for each device for example, by operating a switch that is a device, it is possible to turn on or off the lighting fixture that is the device. In many cases, the association of the interlocking operations is performed within the subsystem, but the association beyond the subsystem is also possible.
- the DC power supply unit 101 basically generates DC power by power conversion of the commercial power supply AC supplied from outside the house.
- the commercial power source AC is input to the AC / DC converter 112 including the switching power source through the main breaker 111 attached to the distribution board 110 as an internal unit.
- the DC power output from the AC / DC converter 112 is connected to each DC breaker 114 through the cooperative control unit 113.
- the DC power supply unit 101 is provided with a secondary battery 162 in preparation for a period in which power is not supplied from the commercial power source AC (for example, a power failure period of the commercial power source AC).
- a secondary battery 162 for example, a lithium ion secondary battery or the like is used. It is also possible to use a solar cell 161 or a fuel cell 163 that generates DC power.
- the solar cell 161, the secondary battery 162, and the fuel cell 163 are distributed power sources with respect to the main power source including the AC / DC converter 112 that generates DC power from the commercial power source AC.
- the secondary battery 162 includes a circuit unit that controls charging.
- the secondary battery 162 is charged in a timely manner by the commercial power source AC, the solar cell 161, and the fuel cell 163, and the secondary battery 162 is discharged in a timely manner as needed not only during a period in which no power is supplied from the commercial power source AC. .
- the cooperation control unit 113 performs charge / discharge of the secondary battery 162 and cooperation between the main power source and the distributed power source. That is, the cooperative control unit 113 functions as a DC power control unit that controls the distribution of power from the main power supply and the distributed power supply constituting the DC power supply unit 101 to the DC devices 102.
- a DC / DC converter is provided in the cooperative control unit 113 to convert the DC voltage obtained from the main power source and the distributed power source into a necessary voltage. Is desirable. Normally, one type of voltage is supplied to one subsystem (or DC device 102 connected to one DC breaker 114), but three or more wires are used for one subsystem. A plurality of types of voltages may be supplied. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the DC supply line Wdc is of a two-wire type and the voltage applied between the lines is changed over time.
- the DC / DC converter may be provided in a plurality of dispersed manners like the DC breaker.
- the AC / DC converter 112, the cooperative control unit 113, the DC breaker 114, the solar cell 161, the secondary battery 162, and the fuel cell 163 described above are provided with a communication function, and include a main power source, a distributed power source, and a DC device 102. It is possible to perform cooperative operations that deal with the load status.
- the communication signal used for this communication is transmitted in the form of being superimposed on the DC voltage in the same manner as the communication signal used for the DC device 102.
- the AC / DC converter 112 is arranged in the distribution board 110 in order to convert the AC power output from the main breaker 111 into DC power by the AC / DC converter 112.
- a branch breaker (not shown) provided in the distribution board 110 branches the AC supply line into a plurality of systems, and an AC / DC converter is provided on the AC supply line of each system to convert it into DC power for each system. You may employ
- the DC power supply unit 101 can be provided for each floor or room of the house H, the DC power supply unit 101 can be managed for each system, and the DC device 102 that uses DC power and Since the distance of the DC supply line Wdc between the two is reduced, the power loss due to the voltage drop in the DC supply line Wdc can be reduced.
- the main breaker 111 and the branch breaker are housed in the distribution board 110, and the AC / DC converter 112, the cooperative control unit 113, the DC breaker 114, and the home server 116 are housed in a separate board from the distribution board 110. Also good.
- the power supply apparatus 3 monitors a plurality of power supply devices 4, 4... (4 in the illustrated example) that supply DC power to the DC device (load device) 102 in parallel operation, and the entire DC power supply system.
- the monitoring device 7 is provided.
- the plurality of power supply devices 4, 4... are composed of one first power supply device 4 a and a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) second power supply devices 4 b to 4 d.
- the second power supply device 4c is used as the main power supply device.
- the remaining first power supply devices 4a, 4b, and 4d constitute sub power supply units.
- the first power supply device 4a uses a DC voltage that is always a constant voltage regardless of the magnitude of the output current Iout as the output voltage Vout (see FIG. 5B).
- the power supply voltage from the commercial power supply AC is input to the first power supply device 4a as the input voltage Vin. That is, the first power supply device 4 a is a commercial power supply device (commercial power supply device) that receives a power supply voltage from the commercial power supply AC and supplies DC power to the DC device 102.
- the first power supply device 4a is connected to the commercial power supply AC.
- the first power supply device 4a converts the electric power obtained from the commercial power supply AC into DC power, so that the DC power supply line Wdc is constant regardless of the magnitude of the current (output current Ioa) output to the DC supply line Wdc. It is configured to perform constant voltage control that provides a voltage (output voltage Voa).
- the first power supply device 5 is connected to the commercial power supply AC via the AC / DC converter 112. That is, the AC voltage of the commercial power supply AC is converted into a predetermined DC voltage by the AC / DC converter 112 and is supplied to the first power supply device 4a. Therefore, the input voltage Vin is a DC voltage output from the AC / DC converter 112. However, the input voltage Vin may be an AC voltage output from the commercial power supply AC.
- the first power supply device 4 a is provided with an AC / DC converter that converts the input voltage Vin, which is an AC voltage, into a DC voltage and outputs the DC voltage to the DC / DC converter 52.
- the first power supply device 4 a includes a voltage detection unit 50 that detects the output voltage Vout (Voa), an on-duty width according to the reference voltage V2 and the detection voltage V1 of the voltage detection unit 50.
- the voltage detection means 50 includes two resistors 500 and 501 connected in series, and a voltage follower 502 to which a divided voltage by the resistors 500 and 501 is input, and the output voltage Vout ( Voa) is detected.
- the voltage detection means 50 is configured to detect the output voltage Voa and to provide the switching control means 51 with a detection voltage V1 corresponding to the detected output voltage Voa.
- the switching control means 51 includes a switching IC 510 to which the detection voltage (output voltage of the voltage follower 502) V1 of the voltage detection means 50 and the reference voltage V2 are input.
- the switching IC 510 outputs the pulse width modulation signal S1 in which the on-duty width is set so that the differential voltage (V2 ⁇ V1) between the reference voltage V2 and the detection voltage V1 is constant, to the switching element 520. That is, the switching IC 510 sets the on-duty width of the pulse width modulation signal S1 so that the output voltage Vout (detection voltage V1) is always constant.
- the DC / DC converter 52 includes, in order from the input side, a smoothing capacitor 521, an inductor 522, a switching element 520, a diode 523, and a smoothing capacitor 524, and the input voltage Vin is changed by the on / off operation of the switching element 520. Boost the pressure.
- the switching element 520 is, for example, a field effect transistor, and the pulse width modulation signal S1 from the switching IC 510 is input to the gate via the resistor 525.
- the switching element 520 When the switching element 520 is turned on, conduction occurs between the source and the drain, and electromagnetic energy is stored in the inductor 522. Thereafter, when the switching element 520 is turned off, the electromagnetic energy stored in the inductor 522 is released and the voltage is increased.
- the boosted voltage is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 524.
- the DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 524 is output to the DC device 102 (see FIG. 1) as the output voltage Vout.
- the first power supply device 4a deviates from the output current-output voltage characteristic in which the output voltage Vout is a constant DC voltage regardless of the magnitude of the output current Iout, as shown in FIG. 5B. Feedback control can be performed so that there is no.
- the second power supply devices 4b to 4d output a DC voltage that decreases monotonically as the output current (current output to the DC supply line Wdc) Iout increases.
- Vout + ⁇ Iout is a constant value at V0.
- ⁇ may be a different value for each of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d, or may be the same value.
- each of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d monotonously decreases the output voltage Vout applied to the DC supply line Wdc as the output current Iout output to the DC supply line Wdc increases, and outputs as the output current Iout decreases. It is configured to perform tilt control for monotonously increasing the voltage Vout.
- a solar cell 161 is connected to the second power supply device 4b, a secondary battery 162 is connected to the second power supply device 4c, and a fuel cell 163 is connected to the second power supply device 4d. It is connected.
- the second power supply devices 4b to 4d receive the input voltage Vin from the batteries 161 to 163, respectively. That is, the second power supply device 4b is a solar cell power supply device that receives the power supply voltage from the solar cell 161 and supplies DC power to the DC device 102, and the second power supply device 4c is connected to the secondary battery 162.
- the second power supply device 4 d is supplied with the power supply voltage from the fuel cell 163 and supplies the DC power to the DC device 102.
- the 2nd power supply device 4b of this embodiment is an inclination output power supply device.
- the second power supply devices 4b to 4d include a current detection means 60 for detecting the output current Iout (Iob, Ioc, Iod) and a voltage for detecting the output voltage Vout (Vob, Voc, Vod).
- the second power source is controlled by a DC / DC converter 63 having a switching element 630 that turns on and off according to the on-duty width of the pulse width modulation signal S2 from the control means 62, and a control unit 73 (see FIG. 1) described later.
- the current detection means 60 is divided by resistors 600 and 605, a current IC 601 that detects the voltage across the resistor 600, resistors 602 and 603 that divide the output voltage V3 of the current IC 601, and resistors 602 and 603. And a voltage follower 604 to which the divided voltage is input, and detects an output current Iout (Iob, Ioc, Iod) of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d.
- the voltage detection means 61 includes two resistors 610 and 611 connected in series and a voltage follower 612 to which a divided voltage by the resistors 610 and 611 is input, and the output voltage of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d. Vout (Vob, Voc, Vod) is detected.
- the voltage detection means 61 is configured to detect the output voltage Vout and to provide the switching control means 62 with a detection voltage V5 corresponding to the detected output voltage Vout.
- the switching control means 62 includes a switching IC 620 to which the detection voltage (output voltage of the voltage follower 612) V5 of the voltage detection means 61 and a voltage V8 described later are input.
- the DC / DC converter 63 includes a smoothing capacitor 631, an inductor 632, a switching element 630, a diode 633, and a smoothing capacitor 634 in order from the input side, and the input voltage Vin is changed by the on / off operation of the switching element 630. Boost the pressure.
- the adjusting unit 64 includes a CPU 640 that obtains an instruction value of the output current Iout from a control unit 73 (see FIG. 1) described later, two resistors 641 and 642 that divide the output voltage V6 of the CPU 640, and resistors 641 and 642. And a non-inverting amplifier circuit 643 to which the divided voltage is input.
- the magnitude of the output current Iout is changed based on the instruction value from the control unit 73. Control is performed.
- the load current detection unit 70 for detecting the magnitude of the load current I L supplied to the DC device 102, the remaining amount detection for detecting the remaining amount of the battery 161-163 and parts 71, the detected load current I L and the determination unit 72 to or greater than the optimal current value Im later in the load current detector 70, the output current of each of the second power device 4b ⁇ 4d And a control unit (control means) 73 for controlling the magnitude of Iout.
- the load current detection unit 70 detects a necessary current from each DC device 102 at a preset time interval while the power supply device 3 is operating, that is, when power is supplied to the DC device 102 by the power supply device 3. Thus, the load current I L which is the total use current on the DC device 102 side is detected. In this way, the load current detector 70 is configured to measure the value (current value) I0 of the current (load current I L ) flowing through the DC supply line Wdc and output it as a measured value.
- the remaining amount detection unit 71 outputs the output voltage and output current of each of the batteries 161 to 163 at a preset time interval while the power supply device 3 is operating (when the power supply device 3 supplies power to the DC device 102). And the remaining amount of each of the batteries 161 to 163 is detected using the detection result.
- the preset time interval is a time interval that satisfies the load following (for example, several milliseconds).
- the determination unit 72 is configured to determine whether or not the obtained measurement value is larger than the optimum current value Im when the measurement value is obtained from the load current detection unit 70.
- the determination unit 72 together with the load current I L is determined to or greater than the optimal current value Im as described above, the remaining amount of which is detected by the remaining amount detecting unit 71 secondary battery 162
- the determination unit 72 is so secondary that the second power supply device 4c can output the output current Ioc having the optimum current value Im. It is determined that the remaining amount of the battery 162 is sufficient.
- the determination unit 72 does not have a sufficient remaining amount of the secondary battery 162 so that the second power supply device 4c can output the output current Ioc having the optimum current value Im. Judge that there is no.
- the control unit 73 determines how much power should be supplied from each power supply device 4a to 4d to each DC device 102 as a whole system, and adjusts the output of each power supply device 4a to 4d accordingly.
- the control unit 73 transmits instruction values for instructing the magnitudes of the output currents Iob, Ioc and Iod of the power supply devices 4b to 4d to the adjusting means 64 of the power supply devices 4b to 4d.
- the instruction value may be a current value or a voltage value obtained by converting the magnitudes of the output currents Iob, Ioc, and Iod.
- the instruction value is not limited to a value for instructing the magnitudes of the output currents Iob, Ioc, and Iod of the power supply devices 4b to 4d, but the magnitudes of the output power of the power supply devices 4b to 4d. It may be a value for indicating.
- the CPU 640 shown in FIG. 4 outputs an output voltage V6 having a magnitude corresponding to the instruction value from the control unit 73 (see FIG. 1).
- the output voltage V7 of the non-inverting amplifier circuit 643 increases as the output voltage V6 of the CPU 640 increases, and decreases as the output voltage V6 of the CPU 640 decreases.
- a differential amplifier circuit 606 is inserted between the voltage follower 604 and the resistor 605.
- the voltage V8 output to the switching IC 620 is also reduced. Note that the magnitude of ⁇ is set so that the voltage V8 can be calculated as the detection voltage V5 in the switching IC 620 described later.
- the switching IC 620 generates the pulse width modulation signal S2 whose on-duty width is set (changed) so that the differential voltage (V8 ⁇ V5), that is, the voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) between the voltage V8 and the detection voltage V5 is constant. Output to the switching element 630. Specifically, when the voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) becomes larger than before, the switching IC 620 reduces the voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) (voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) until now.
- the on-duty width of the pulse width modulation signal S2 is set wide.
- the switching IC 620 increases the voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) (voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) is the same as before.
- the on-duty width of the pulse width modulation signal S2 is set to be small.
- the switching element 630 is, for example, a field effect transistor, and the pulse width modulation signal S2 from the switching IC 620 is input to the gate via the resistor 635.
- the switching element 630 When the switching element 630 is turned on, conduction occurs between the source and the drain, and electromagnetic energy is stored in the inductor 632. Thereafter, when the switching element 630 is turned off, the electromagnetic energy stored in the inductor 632 is released to increase the voltage.
- the boosted voltage is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 634.
- the DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 634 is output to the DC device 102 (see FIG. 1) as the output voltage Vout.
- the output current Iout (detection voltage V4) becomes larger than before
- the output voltage Vout (detection voltage V5) can be made smaller than before by setting the on-duty width to be the same size and reducing the boost.
- the output current Iout (detection voltage V4) becomes smaller than before
- the voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) becomes larger than before, but the voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) has the same magnitude as before.
- the output voltage Vout (detection voltage V5) can be made larger than before by setting the on-duty width to be large and increasing the boost.
- the second power supply devices 4b to 4d having such a configuration can maintain the voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) so that the output voltage Iout increases as shown in FIG. 5A.
- Feedback control can be performed so that Vout does not deviate from the output current-output voltage characteristic (characteristic in which Vout + ⁇ Iout is a constant value) that decreases monotonously (on a straight line).
- the output voltages Vob, Voc and Vod are the first power supply devices.
- the output currents Iob, Ioc, Iod when the output voltages Vob, Voc, Vod are adjusted to the output voltage Voa of the first power supply device 4a are output.
- the output voltages Vob, Voc, and Vod vary according to the output current-output voltage characteristics of FIG. 6 and temporarily increase ((A) of FIG. 6).
- the output voltages Vob, Voc, and Vod are increased, the output currents Iob, Ioc, and Iod are increased, and as a result, the detection voltage V4 is also increased ((B) in FIG. 6).
- the second power supply devices 4b to 4d have the output currents Iob, Ioc, Iod at the intersections with the constant voltage characteristics (output current-output voltage characteristics of the first power supply device 4a) as the indicated values (current value I1). As a result, the output current-output voltage characteristics of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d are shifted so that the output currents Iob, Ioc, Iod according to the indicated values are output.
- the control unit 73 receives an instruction value for decreasing the output currents Iob, Ioc, Iod under the condition that the load current I L is reduced and the output voltages Vob, Voc, Vod (detection voltage V5) are constant.
- the voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) becomes small, the on-duty width of the pulse width modulation signal S2 becomes narrow, and the output voltages Vob, Voc, and Vod are temporarily smaller than the output voltage Voa (FIG. 7). (D)).
- This operation corresponds to subtracting a predetermined voltage from the output voltages Vob, Voc, and Vod of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d in the present invention.
- the output voltages Vob, Voc, Vod are reduced, the output currents Iob, Ioc, Iod (detection voltage V4) are also reduced ((E) in FIG. 7).
- the detection voltage V4 decreases, the voltage ( ⁇ V7 ⁇ (V5 + ⁇ V4)) increases, so the on-duty width of the pulse width modulation signal S2 increases.
- the output voltages Vob, Voc, and Vod increase ((F) in FIG. 7).
- the output voltages Vob, Voc, and Vod become the output voltage Voa.
- the second power supply devices 4b to 4d have the output currents Iob, Ioc, and Iod at the intersections with the constant voltage characteristics (output current-output voltage characteristics of the first power supply device 4a) indicated values (current values I0).
- the output current-output voltage characteristics of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d are shifted so that the output currents Iob, Ioc, Iod according to the indicated values are output.
- the adjustment unit 64 when the adjustment unit 64 receives the instruction value from the control unit (control unit) 73, the instruction that has received the value of the output current Iout without changing the output voltage Vout by changing the slope control condition. It is configured to set to a value corresponding to the value.
- the adjusting unit 64 shifts the output current-output voltage characteristic by changing the tilt control condition (that is, the line indicating the output current-output voltage characteristic is translated).
- each of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d has the output voltages Vob, Voc, Vod matched with the output voltage Voa of the first power supply device 4a, and the output voltages Vob, Voc, Vod are the first.
- the output currents Iob, Ioc, Iod at the same magnitude as the output voltage Voa of one power supply device 4 a can be output to the DC device 102.
- the power supply device 3 can set the second power supply devices 4b to 4d to the output currents Iob, Ioc, Iod corresponding to the load current, and the load current even I L is varied, by the output voltage Vob of the second power device 4b ⁇ 4d, Voc, is Vod are incorporated according to the output voltage Voa of the first power device 4a, the output voltage (Vob, Voc, Vod) Can be kept at a constant voltage. As a result, it is possible to stably supply power to the DC device 102.
- FIG. 5 shows the output current-output voltage characteristics of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d
- (b) shows the output current-output voltage characteristics of the first power supply device 4a.
- I11 is instructed as an instruction value from the control unit 73
- the output current-output voltage characteristics of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d are indicated by the arrows in FIG.
- the output current Iout of the second power supply devices 4b to 4d can be increased from I12 to I11.
- the power supply voltage from the commercial power supply AC that supplies stable power is input to the first power supply device 4a, thereby reducing the influence of load fluctuation due to the on / off of the DC device 102.
- the power supply to the DC device 102 can be performed more stably.
- the power supply to the DC device 102 affects solar radiation in the case of the solar battery 161, and the secondary battery 162. In this case, the power storage status is affected.
- the relationship in which the output voltage Vout decreases monotonously as the output current Iout increases can be easily realized with almost no increase in the number of parts from the configuration of the first power supply device 4a. can do.
- the monitoring device 7 shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail.
- the efficiency when the secondary battery 162 and the second power supply device (BAT converter) 4c are combined for the sum of the output power of the secondary battery 162 and the loss due to the internal resistance r of the secondary battery 162).
- the magnitude of the output current Ioc of the second power supply device 4c when the value ( ⁇ 3) of the output power ratio of the second power supply device 4c is maximized is the optimum current value Im.
- controller 73 When determining unit 72 determines that measured value (value of load current I L ) I0 is greater than optimal current value Im, controller 73 outputs main power supply device (second power supply device) 4c to DC supply line Wdc. The instruction value is output to the second power supply device 4 so that the value of the current Ioc is equal to the optimum current value Im.
- the control unit 73 determines that the output voltage Voc of the main power supply device (second power supply device) 4c is the commercial power supply device (first power supply device). ) When the value of 4a is equal to the voltage (output voltage) Voa applied to the DC supply line Wdc, the value of the output current Ioc of the second power supply device 4c becomes the optimum current value Im so as to indicate the value to the second power supply device 4c. Is configured to output.
- the adjustment unit 64 of the second power supply device 4c receives the instruction value from the control unit 73, it receives the value of the output current Ioc without changing the output voltage Voc by changing the slope control condition. Set to the value corresponding to the indicated value.
- the control unit 73 of the monitoring device 7 when the load current detector load current I L is detected at 70 is greater than or equal to the optimal current value Im, the output voltage Voc of the second power device 4c is the first power device With respect to the adjusting means 64 (see FIG. 4) of the second power supply device 4c so that the output current Ioc of the second power supply device 4c when adjusted to the output voltage Voa of 4a becomes the optimum current value Im.
- the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device 4c is shifted.
- the control unit 73 determines that the value of the output current (second output current) Iob of the inclined output power supply device (second power supply device) 4b is The instruction value (second instruction value) is output to the second power supply device 4b so as to be equal to the difference between the measured value I0 and the optimum current value Im.
- the adjustment unit (second adjustment unit) 64 of the second power supply device 4b receives the second instruction value from the control unit 73, it changes the condition of the inclination control (second inclination control) to output the second instruction value.
- the value of the output current (second output current) Iob is set to a value corresponding to the second instruction value without changing the voltage (second output voltage) Vob.
- control unit 73 so as to compensate for the differential current and the output current Ioc of the load current I L and the second power device 4c in the output current Iob of the second power device (PV converter) 4b, a second power supply
- the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device 4b is shifted with respect to the adjusting means 64 of the device 4b.
- the commercial power supply device (first power supply device 4a) cannot set the value of the second output current Vob to a value corresponding to the second instruction value by the inclined output power supply device (second power supply device 4b).
- a value equal to the difference between the total value of the output current Voc of the main power supply device (second power supply device 4c) and the second output current Vob of the gradient output power supply device (second power supply device 4b) and the measured value I0.
- Current (output current) Ioa is output to the DC supply line Wdc.
- the first power supply device 4a supplements the differential current.
- the 2nd power supply device 4b and the 2nd power supply device 4d can be utilized as an inclination output power supply device. Even in this case, when neither the second power supply device (PV converter) 4b nor the second power supply device (FC converter) 4d can compensate for the differential current, the first power supply device 4a compensate.
- the efficiency of the secondary battery 162 and the second power supply device (BAT converter) 4c in the power supply device 3 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG.
- the secondary battery B in FIG. 11A is replaced with a secondary battery 162
- the power supply device A in FIG. 11A is replaced with a second power supply device 4c.
- the secondary battery 162 has an efficiency (output power of the secondary battery 162) as shown in FIG. 11 (b) due to the presence of the internal resistance r (see FIG. 11 (a)) connected in series with the electromotive force E.
- the ratio of the output power of the secondary battery 162 to the sum of the loss due to the internal resistance r) ⁇ 1 becomes a characteristic that becomes smaller as the output current of the secondary battery 162 becomes larger.
- the internal resistance r varies depending on the remaining amount and the usage time, and the efficiency ⁇ 1 also varies according to the variation of the internal resistance r. Therefore, the characteristics of the efficiency ⁇ 1 corresponding to the remaining amount and the usage time are stored in the monitoring device 7 in advance before supplying power.
- the second power supply device 4c has a second efficiency relative to the input power (Vin ⁇ Iin) of the second power supply device 4c due to the presence of internal loss such as steady loss in the DC / DC converter 63 (see FIG. 4).
- (Ratio of output power (Voc ⁇ Ioc)) ⁇ 2 of the power supply device 4c of FIG. 11 has characteristics as shown in FIG. Note that the input power of the second power supply device 4c is the sum of the output power of the second power supply device 4c and the internal loss of the second power supply device 4c.
- the characteristic of efficiency ⁇ 2 is stored in the monitoring device 7 in advance.
- the efficiency when the secondary battery 162 and the second power supply device 4c are combined (the value corresponding to the sum of the output power of the secondary battery 162 and the loss due to the internal resistance r).
- the ratio ( ⁇ ) of the output power of the second power supply device 4c) ⁇ 3 becomes the maximum characteristic at a certain output current Ioc as shown in FIG.
- the magnitude of the output current Ioc when the efficiency ⁇ 3 is maximized is taken as the optimum current value Im.
- the control unit 73 obtains the characteristic of the efficiency ⁇ 3 shown in FIG. 11D using the characteristic of the efficiency ⁇ 1 shown in FIG. 11B and the characteristic of the efficiency ⁇ 2 shown in FIG.
- the optimum current value Im is obtained from the characteristic of ⁇ 3.
- Control unit 73 compares the output voltage and output current of secondary battery 162 detected by remaining amount detection unit 71 with these initial values, and can respond to fluctuations in efficiency ⁇ 1 of secondary battery 162. .
- the efficiency ⁇ 1 varies, the efficiency ⁇ 3 also varies, and the optimum current value Im also varies.
- the control part 73 can control the magnitude
- the remaining amount detecting unit 71 detects the remaining amount of the secondary battery 162 (S1 of FIG. 8), the load current detector 70 detects the current value I0 of the load current I L (S2). Subsequently, whether the current value I0 of the load current I L is equal to or more than the optimal current value Im determination unit 72 determines (S3). When the determination unit 72 determines that the current value I0 of the load current I L is equal to or greater than the optimum current value Im, the second power supply device (BAT converter) 4c is so secondary that the output current Ioc of the optimum current value Im can be output. The determination unit 72 determines whether or not the remaining amount of the battery 162 is sufficient (S4).
- the control unit 73 transmits an instruction value such that the output current Ioc becomes the optimum current value Im to the second power supply device 4c.
- the second power supply device 4c receives the instruction value from the control unit 73, the second power supply device 4c shifts the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device 4c by using the adjusting unit 64 (see FIG. 4), and FIG. ), The output current Ioc is supplied to the DC device 102 as the optimum current value Im (S5).
- the load current I L is equal to or output current Ioc is greater than the second power device 4c (S6). If the current value I0 of the load current I L is greater than the output current Ioc, control unit 73, the output current Iob current value I0 and the optimal second power device (PV converter) 4b in the feed capacity range of the solar cell 161 An instruction value that is a difference value (I0-Im) with respect to the current value Im is transmitted to the second power supply device 4b.
- the adjustment means 64 is used to shift the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device 4b, and the output current Iob is changed to the difference value (I0 ⁇ Im) is supplied to the DC device 102 (S7).
- step S7 to step S9 the second power supply device (PV converter) 4b is prioritized over the other power supply device (first power supply device 4a) as control for compensating for the difference value (I0-Im), thereby saving energy. Can be achieved.
- the controller 73 determines the output current Iob of the second power supply device (PV converter) 4b in the current sunshine environment when the difference value (I0-Im) is known.
- the maximum current value I1 is still insufficient, and further, it is instantaneously determined by calculation that the first power supply device 4a should output current, and from this, the output current Iob of the second power supply device 4b becomes the maximum current value I1.
- the instruction value may be output to the second power supply device 4b.
- step S3 the load current when the current value I0 of I L is the optimum current value Im is smaller than, or in step S4, as the secondary battery second power device 4c can output the output current Ioc of the optimal current value Im
- the second power supply device 4b does not output the output current Ioc from the second power supply device 4c, and the second power supply device 4b is within the supply capacity range of the solar cell 161.
- the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device 4b shown in FIG. 9B is shifted, and the output current Iob is supplied to the DC device 102 as the maximum current value I2 (S7). Then, step S8 is performed.
- step S3 even when the current value I0 of the load current I L is smaller than the optimal current value Im, a single the output current Ioc of the second power device 4c and the optimum current value Im, can be remaining output amount to the load current I L and (Im-I0) to the charging current of the other second power device 4c.
- BAT converter second power device
- step S1 to step S8 If the operation from step S1 to step S8 is performed periodically (a preset time interval), the power supply device 3 changes the supply capacity of each battery 161 to 163 or the load current. Even in this case, it is possible to set the output current corresponding to the fluctuation.
- the preset time interval is a time interval that satisfies the load following (for example, several milliseconds). Note that the power supply device 3 may perform the operations from step S1 to step S8 other than a preset time interval.
- the power supply device (power supply device) 3 of the present embodiment described above includes a secondary battery power supply device (second power supply device) 2c that supplies DC power to the load device 102 using the secondary battery 162 as an input power supply. , One or a plurality of other power supply devices 4 that operate in parallel with the second power supply device 4 c and supply DC power to the load device 102, and a load that detects the magnitude of the load current I L supplied to the load device 102 A current detection unit (load current detection unit) 70 and a control unit (control unit) 73 that controls the magnitude of the output current Voc of the second power supply device 4 c are provided.
- the second power supply device 4 c includes the control unit 73.
- And adjusting means 64 that adjusts the magnitude of the output current Voc of the second power supply device 4c by controlling the second power supply device 4c.
- Efficiency ⁇ 3 representing the values the optimum current value Im of the magnitude of the output current Ioc of the second power device 4c when the maximum
- the control unit 73 the load current detected by the detector 70 the load current I L If is greater than or equal to the optimal current value Im
- the output current Ioc of the second power device 4c controls the adjusting means 64 so as to optimize the current value Im, the other power supply device 4, the load current I L and the second An output current corresponding to a difference current from the output current Ioc of the power supply device 4c is output.
- the power supply device 3 of the present embodiment is connected to the DC supply line Wdc to which the load device 102 is connected, and the main power supply device (second power supply) that supplies DC power to the load device 102 through the DC supply line Wdc.
- Equipment 4c and a sub power supply unit, and a load current detection unit (load current detection means) 70 that measures a value (current value) I0 of a current (load current) I L flowing through the DC supply line Wdc and outputs it as a measurement value;
- a determination unit (determination unit) 72 for determining whether or not the obtained measurement value I0 is larger than the optimum current value Im a control unit (control unit) 73, .
- the second power supply device 4 c is configured to generate DC power supplied to the load device 102 using the power obtained from the secondary battery 162.
- the optimum current value Im is output from the second power supply device 4c to the DC supply line Wdc with respect to the sum of the power output from the secondary battery 162 to the second power supply device 4c and the loss due to the internal resistance r of the secondary battery 162. This is the value of the current Ioc that the second power supply device 4c outputs to the DC supply line Wdc when the value of the power ratio becomes maximum.
- Second power supply device 4 c includes adjustment means 64 that adjusts the value of current Ioc output to DC supply line Wdc based on the instruction value received from control unit 73.
- the secondary power supply unit outputs the second power supply while the adjustment means 64 of the second power supply device 4c outputs the current Ioc having a value corresponding to the instruction value received from the control unit 73 to the DC supply line Wdc.
- the device 4c is configured to output, to the DC supply line Wdc, a current having a value equal to the difference value between the value of the current Ioc output to the DC supply line Wdc and the optimum current value Im.
- the load current I L is increased in efficiency (the sum of the output power of the secondary battery 162 and the loss due to the internal resistance r of the secondary battery 162) of the second power supply device (BAT converter) 4c.
- the output current Ioc of the second power supply device 4c is set to the optimum current value Im when the ratio of the output power) ⁇ 3 is equal to or greater than the magnitude of the output current Ioc (optimum current value Im)
- the combination of the secondary battery 162 and the second power supply device 4c can be operated with maximum efficiency.
- a DC voltage that is a constant voltage regardless of the magnitude of the output current Ioa when the power supply voltage from the commercial power supply AC is input is set as the output voltage Voa.
- the second power supply device 4c includes a commercial power supply device (first power supply device) 4a.
- the second power supply device 4c uses the DC voltage that decreases monotonously as the output current Ioc increases as the output voltage Voc.
- output current at the time of power supply to 102 shows the relationship between the output current Ioc and the output voltage Voc - to shift the output voltage characteristic, the control unit 73, detected by the load current detection unit 70 a load current I L optimal current value Im
- the output current Ioc of the second power supply device 4c when the output voltage Voc of the second power supply device 4c is adjusted to the output voltage Voa of the first power supply device 4a is the optimum current.
- the sub power supply unit includes a commercial power supply device (first power supply device) 4a.
- the commercial power supply device 4a converts the electric power obtained from the commercial power supply AC into DC power, so that a constant voltage is applied to the DC supply line Wdc regardless of the magnitude of the current (output current) Ioa output to the DC supply line Wdc. (Output voltage) It is comprised so that the constant voltage control which gives Voa may be performed.
- the second power supply device 4c monotonously decreases the output voltage Voc applied to the DC supply line Wdc as the output current Ioc output to the DC supply line Wdc increases, and monotonously decreases the output voltage Voc as the output current Ioc decreases.
- the control unit 73 determines that the output voltage Voc of the second power supply device 4c is the voltage (output) that the first power supply device 4a applies to the DC supply line Wdc.
- the instruction value is output to the second power supply device 4c so that the value of the output current Ioc of the second power supply device 4c becomes the optimum current value Im.
- the adjustment unit 64 of the second power supply device 4c When the adjustment unit 64 of the second power supply device 4c receives the instruction value from the control unit 73, the adjustment unit 64 changes the slope control condition so that the value of the output current Ioc corresponds to the instruction value without changing the output voltage Voc. Configured to be set to a value.
- the secondary battery 162 connected to the second power supply device 4c is replaced with one having different characteristics, or the characteristics of the secondary battery 162 change during use. Even when the value Im (see FIG. 11D) changes, the output voltage Voa of the first power supply device 4a is changed to the first output voltage Voa by shifting the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device 4c.
- the output current Ioc of the second power supply device 4c when the output voltage Voc of the second power supply device 4c is combined can be set to the optimum current value Im.
- a gradient output power supply device (second output) in which a DC voltage that monotonously decreases as the power supply voltage is input and the output current Iob increases is used as the output voltage Vob.
- Power supply device 4b, and the second power supply device 4b shifts the output current-output voltage characteristic indicating the relationship between the output current Iob and the output voltage Vob when power is supplied to the load device 102.
- the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device 4b is shifted.
- the sub power supply unit includes an inclined output power supply device (second power supply device) 4b.
- the second power supply device 4b monotonously decreases the output voltage (second output voltage) Vob applied to the DC supply line Wdc as the output current (second output current) Iob output to the DC supply line Wdc increases.
- the second output voltage Vob is monotonously increased as the two output current Iob decreases, and the inclination control (second inclination control) is performed.
- the determination unit (determination unit) 72 determines that the measurement value I0 is greater than the optimum current value Im
- the control unit (control unit) 73 determines that the value of the second output current Iob of the second power supply device 4b is the measurement value I0.
- the optimum current value Im are configured to output an instruction value (second instruction value) to the second power supply device 4b.
- the second power supply device 4b includes an adjustment unit (second adjustment unit) 64 that adjusts the value of the second output current Iob based on the received second instruction value.
- the second adjustment unit 64 receives the second instruction value from the control unit 73, the second adjustment unit 64 changes the second inclination control condition to change the value of the second output current Iob without changing the second output voltage Vob. 2 is configured to be set to a value corresponding to the indicated value.
- power device (first power device) for a commercial power supply 4a the load current I L and the inclination output power of the differential current and the output current Ioc of the second power device 4c
- the output current Ioa corresponding to the shortage current when supplemented by the output current Iob of the device (second power supply device) 4b is output.
- the commercial power supply device (first power supply device) 4a has the slope output power supply device (second power supply device) 4b and the output current (second output current) Iob value.
- the total value of the output current Ioc of the main power supply device (second power supply device) 4c and the second output current Iob of the second power supply device 4b A current (output current) Ioa having a value equal to the difference between the measured value I0 and the measured value I0 is output to the DC supply line Wdc.
- the load device 4a when the load current I L is greater than the optimal current value Im, by supplementing the difference current in the second power device 4b of the solar cell 161 is connected, the load device It is possible to perform power supply corresponding to fluctuations. At this time, the shortage current is compensated for by the first power supply device 4a before the first or second power supply device 4b by supplementing the shortage current by the first power supply device 4a to which the commercial power supply AC is finally connected. Compared to the case, the power consumption of the commercial power supply AC can be reduced.
- the difference current may be used instead of the second power supply device 4b.
- the second power supply device 4d corresponds to the inclined output power supply device
- the adjustment means 64 (see FIG. 4) of the second power supply device 4d corresponds to the second adjustment means.
- the differential current may be supplemented by using the second power supply device 4b and the second power supply device 4d together.
- the second power supply device 4b and the second power supply device 4d correspond to the inclined output power supply device described above, and the adjusting means 64 for the second power supply device 4b and the second power supply device 4d (see FIG. 4). Corresponds to the second adjusting means.
- Embodiment 2 Power supply device 3 according to the second embodiment, when the load current I L optimal current value Im (see FIG. 11 (d)) less than the second power device (PV converter) 4b outputs the output current Iob Instead, the second power supply device (BAT converter) 4c outputs the output current Ioc, which is different from the power supply device 3 according to the first embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- the load current I whether L is the optimal current value Im or more, residues of more rechargeable batteries 162 second power device 4c can output the output current Ioc of the optimal current value Im Whether or not the amount is sufficient is determined in the same manner as the determination unit 72 of the first embodiment, and when the current value I0 of the load current I L is smaller than the optimum current value Im, the second power supply device 4c determines that the load current I the remaining amount of the higher secondary battery 162 can output the output current Ioc of the same size as the L of the current value I0 is determined whether or not sufficient.
- the remaining amount of the secondary battery 162 is equal to or a second threshold value or more set in advance, the determination unit 72, the same size as the current value I0 of the second power device 4c the load current I L It is determined that the remaining amount of the secondary battery 162 is sufficient to output the output current Ioc.
- the second power device 4c can output the output current Ioc having the same magnitude as the current value I0 of the load current I L It is determined that the remaining amount of the secondary battery 162 is not enough.
- the remaining amount detecting unit 71 detects the remaining amount of the secondary battery 162 (S1 of FIG. 10)
- the load current detector 70 detects the magnitude of the load current I L (S2 )
- the operation in the case where the current value I0 of the load current I L is equal to or more than the optimal current value Im determination unit 72 has determined is the same as Embodiment 1 (S4 ⁇ S9).
- step S3 the load current when the current value I0 of I L is the optimum current value Im is smaller than, the second power device (BAT converter) 4c have the same magnitude of the output current Ioc and the current value I0 of the load current I L
- the determination unit 72 determines whether or not the remaining amount of the secondary battery 162 is sufficient to output (S10).
- the control unit 73 sets an instruction value such that the output current Ioc becomes the current value I0 of the load current I L to the second power supply device 4c. Send to.
- the adjustment means 64 (see FIG. 4) is used to shift the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device 4c, and the output current Ioc is changed.
- the current value I0 is supplied to the DC device 102 (S11).
- step S10 if the second power device 4c load current I L remaining enough secondary battery 162 can output the output current Ioc having the same magnitude as the current value I0 of not enough, the control unit 73 Then, an instruction value such that the output current Ioc becomes the maximum current value within the supplyable range of the secondary battery 162 is transmitted to the second power supply device 4c.
- the adjustment means 64 is used to shift the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device 4c so that the output current Ioc can be supplied.
- the maximum current value is supplied to the DC device 102 (S12). Then, step S6 is performed.
- the commercial power supply AC is connected when the output current Iob of the second power supply device (PV converter) 4b is still insufficient (when I0> I2 + Im).
- the power supply device 3 according to the first embodiment is that the second power supply device (FC converter) 4d to which the fuel cell 163 is connected supplies the shortage current to the DC device 102 instead of the first power supply device 4a. Is different.
- symbol is attached
- the measurement value (load current the current value of I L) I0 is the total value of the maximum value I2 of the output current Iob of optimal current value Im and the second power device 4b (I2 + Im) than It is configured to determine whether it is large.
- the control unit 73 of the present embodiment When the determination unit 72 determines that the measured value I0 is greater than the total value (I2 + Im), the control unit 73 of the present embodiment outputs a current (output current) Iod that the second power supply device 4d outputs to the DC supply line Wdc. Is configured to output an instruction value to the second power supply device 4d so that the value of is equal to the difference between the measured value I0 and the total value (I2 + Im).
- the control unit 73 of the present embodiment has the same output current Iod as the shortage current.
- An instruction value such that becomes is transmitted to the second power supply device 4d.
- the second power supply device 4d receives the instruction value from the control unit 73, it shifts the output current-output voltage characteristic of the second power supply device 4d using the adjusting means 64 (see FIG. 4), and the shortage current.
- the output current Iod having the same magnitude is supplied to the DC device 102.
- the power consumption of the AC system can be further reduced by supplementing the insufficient current with the second power supply device 4d to which the fuel cell 163 is connected.
- the first power supply device 4a When the output current Iob of the second power supply device (PV converter) 4b is still insufficient even when the maximum current value is set (when I0> I2 + Im), in the first embodiment, the first power supply device 4a has a shortage current. Is supplied to the DC device 102, and in the third embodiment, the second power supply device (FC converter) 4d supplies the insufficient current to the DC device 102. As a modification of the above embodiment, the first power supply device 4a The shortage current may be supplied to the DC device 102 by using the second power supply device 4d together. In this case, the power consumption of the AC system can be reduced as compared with the case where only the first power supply device 4 a supplies the shortage current to the DC device 102.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
以下に説明する形態は、本発明に係る電力供給装置3を適用する建物として戸建て住宅の家屋を想定して説明するが、本発明の技術思想を集合住宅に適用することを妨げるものではない。家屋Hには、図2に示すように、直流電力を出力する直流電力供給部101と、直流電力により駆動される負荷としての直流機器(負荷機器)102とが設けられ、直流電力供給部101の出力端部に接続した直流供給線路Wdcを通して直流機器102に直流電力が供給される。直流電力供給部101と直流機器102との間には、直流供給線路Wdcに流れる電流を監視し、異常を検知したときに直流供給線路Wdc上で直流電力供給部101から直流機器102への給電を制限ないし遮断する直流ブレーカ114が設けられる。
実施形態2に係る電力供給装置3は、負荷電流ILが最適電流値Im(図11(d)参照)より小さい場合に、第2の電源機器(PVコンバータ)4bが出力電流Iobを出力するのではなく、第2の電源機器(BATコンバータ)4cが出力電流Iocを出力する点で、実施形態1に係る電力供給装置3と相違する。なお、実施形態1と同様の構成要素については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
実施形態3に係る電力供給装置3は、第2の電源機器(PVコンバータ)4bの出力電流Iobを最大にしてもなお不足する場合(I0>I2+Imの場合)に、商用電源ACが接続されている第1の電源機器4aではなく、燃料電池163が接続されている第2の電源機器(FCコンバータ)4dが不足電流を直流機器102に供給する点で、実施形態1に係る電力供給装置3と相違する。なお、実施形態1と同様の構成要素については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
Claims (5)
- 負荷機器が接続される直流供給線路に接続され、上記直流供給線路を通じて上記負荷機器に直流電力を供給する主電源機器および副電源ユニットと、
上記直流供給線路を流れる電流の値を計測して計測値として出力する負荷電流検出手段と、
上記負荷電流検出手段より上記計測値を得ると、得られた上記計測値が最適電流値より大きいか否かを判定する判定手段と、
制御手段と、を備え、
上記主電源機器は、二次電池より得た電力を利用して上記負荷機器に供給する直流電力を生成するように構成され、
上記最適電流値は、上記二次電池が上記主電源機器に出力する電力と上記二次電池の内部抵抗による損失との和に対する上記主電源機器が上記直流供給線路に出力する電力の比の値が最大となるときに上記主電源機器が上記直流供給線路に出力する電流の値であり、
上記制御手段は、上記計測値が上記最適電流値より大きいと上記判定手段が判定すると、上記主電源機器が上記直流供給線路に出力する電流の値が上記最適電流値と等しくなるように、上記主電源機器に指示値を出力するように構成され、
上記主電源機器は、上記制御手段から受け取った上記指示値に基づいて上記直流供給線路に出力する電流の値を調整する調整手段を備える
ことを特徴とする電力供給装置。 - 上記副電源ユニットは、商用電源機器を含み、
上記商用電源機器は、商用電源より得た電力を直流電力に変換することで、上記直流供給線路に出力する電流の大きさに関わらず、上記直流供給線路に一定の電圧を与える定電圧制御を行うように構成され、
上記主電源機器は、上記直流供給線路に出力する出力電流が増加するにつれて上記直流供給線路に与える出力電圧を単調に下降させ、上記出力電流が減少するにつれて上記出力電圧を単調に上昇させる傾斜制御を行うように構成され、
上記制御手段は、上記計測値が上記最適電流値より大きいと上記判定手段が判定すると、上記主電源機器の上記出力電圧が上記商用電源機器が上記直流供給線路に与える電圧と等しいときに上記主電源機器の上記出力電流の値が上記最適電流値になるように、上記主電源機器に上記指示値を出力するように構成され、
上記調整手段は、上記制御手段から上記指示値を受け取ると、上記傾斜制御の条件を変更することで、上記出力電圧を変化させることなく上記出力電流の値を上記指示値に対応する値に設定するように構成される
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電力供給装置。 - 上記副電源ユニットは、傾斜出力電源機器を備え、
上記傾斜出力電源機器は、上記直流供給線路に出力する第2出力電流が増加するにつれて上記直流供給線路に与える第2出力電圧を単調に下降させ、上記第2出力電流が減少するにつれて上記第2出力電圧を単調に上昇させる第2傾斜制御を行うように構成され、
上記制御手段は、上記計測値が上記最適電流値より大きいと上記判定手段が判定すると、上記傾斜出力電源機器の上記第2出力電流の値が、上記計測値と上記最適電流値との差に等しくなるように、上記傾斜出力電源機器に第2指示値を出力するように構成され、
上記傾斜出力電源機器は、上記第2指示値に基づいて上記第2出力電流の値を調整する第2調整手段を備え、
上記第2調整手段は、上記制御手段から上記第2指示値を受け取ると、上記第2傾斜制御の条件を変更することで、上記第2出力電圧を変化させることなく上記第2出力電流の値を上記第2指示値に対応する値に設定するように構成される
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載の電力供給装置。 - 上記商用電源機器は、上記傾斜出力電源機器が上記第2出力電流の値を上記第2指示値に対応する値に設定できないとき、上記主電源機器の上記出力電流と上記傾斜出力電源機器の上記第2出力電流との合計値と上記計測値との差に等しい値の電流を上記直流供給線路に出力するように構成される
ことを特徴とする請求項3記載の電力供給装置。 - 上記副電源ユニットは、上記主電源機器の上記調整手段が上記制御手段から受け取った上記指示値に対応する値の電流を上記直流供給線路に出力している間、上記主電源機器が上記直流供給線路に出力する電流の値と上記最適電流値との差分値に等しい値を持つ電流を上記直流供給線路に出力するように構成される
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電力供給装置。
Priority Applications (6)
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US13/380,662 US8922060B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2010-06-23 | Power supply apparatus |
CN201080029771.3A CN102804545B (zh) | 2009-06-25 | 2010-06-23 | 电力供给装置 |
SG2011096450A SG177383A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2010-06-23 | Power supply apparatus |
JP2011519925A JP5369184B2 (ja) | 2009-06-25 | 2010-06-23 | 電力供給装置 |
KR1020117031650A KR101245652B1 (ko) | 2009-06-25 | 2010-06-23 | 전력 공급 장치 |
EP10792147.0A EP2448086A4 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2010-06-23 | POWER SUPPLY APPARATUS |
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CN109196762B (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2021-03-16 | 株式会社村田制作所 | 电源*** |
JP6808589B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-21 | 2021-01-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 発電システム |
JP7097869B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-26 | 2022-07-08 | 株式会社九電工 | 再生可能エネルギーを用いた電力供給設備 |
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CN110492562B (zh) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-11-24 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 移动电源设备及其供电控制方法、装置、供电设备 |
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US20120091814A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
CN102804545B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
KR20120027431A (ko) | 2012-03-21 |
JPWO2010150829A1 (ja) | 2012-12-10 |
EP2448086A4 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
US8922060B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
CN102804545A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
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JP5369184B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
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