WO2010104801A1 - Interface de transfert de chaleur et procédé d'amélioration de transfert de chaleur - Google Patents

Interface de transfert de chaleur et procédé d'amélioration de transfert de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010104801A1
WO2010104801A1 PCT/US2010/026560 US2010026560W WO2010104801A1 WO 2010104801 A1 WO2010104801 A1 WO 2010104801A1 US 2010026560 W US2010026560 W US 2010026560W WO 2010104801 A1 WO2010104801 A1 WO 2010104801A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
transfer interface
heat
nanotube forest
interface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2010/026560
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander K. Zettl
Original Assignee
The Regents Of The University Of California
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Regents Of The University Of California filed Critical The Regents Of The University Of California
Priority to US13/255,876 priority Critical patent/US20120118551A1/en
Publication of WO2010104801A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010104801A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making

Definitions

  • thermo-solar Two key elements in thermo-solar are absorption of sunlight (i.e. radiant heat transfer or collection) and heat transfer to a fluid (i.e. conduction and convection near an interface between a solid and a fluid).
  • the present invention is a heat transfer interface that includes a solid material having first and second surfaces, and a nanotube forest covering at least a portion of the first surface. In operation in a heat exchanger, the heat transfer interface transmits heat from a first side to a second side of the heat transfer interface.
  • the present invention is a method of improving heat transfer in a heat exchanger that includes applying a nanotube forest to a heat transfer surface of a heat transfer interface and installing the heat transfer interface in the heat exchanger.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a cylindrically shaped solid material employed in and embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention
  • Fig. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a heat exchanger of the present invention
  • Fig. 9 is an SEM image of a nanotube forest in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figs. 1OA and 1OB illustrate a superhydrophilic surface treatment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat transfer interface 100 is a solid material 102 having first and second surface, 104 and 106.
  • a nanotube forest 108 covers at least a portion of the first surface 104.
  • the solid material 102 may be a metal or some other suitable material such as a dielectric.
  • the nanotube forest 108 includes carbon nanotubes.
  • the nanotube forest may include nanotubes of boron nitride (BN), hybrid nanotubes of boron, nitrogen, and carbon (B x C y N z ), or some other suitable nanotubes.
  • the heat transfer interface 100 transfers heat from a first side 112 to a second side 114 of the interface 100.
  • the heat transfer interface 200 is a solid material 102 having first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, and a nanotube forest 108 covers at least a portion of the first surface 104.
  • radiant energy 210 e.g., sunlight
  • first side 212 of the interface 200 illuminates at least a portion of the nanotube forest 108. Heat generated by the radiant energy conducts through the solid material 102 to a second side 214 of the interface 200.
  • the radiation heat transfer for the heat transfer interface 200 may be away from the nanotube forest 108 to some radiation absorbing body that is at a temperature lower than a temperature of the nanotube forest 108.
  • the heat transfer interface 300 is a solid material 102 having first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, and a nanotube forest 108 covers at least a portion of the first surface 104.
  • heat is transferred from a first side 312 of the interface 300 to a second side 314 where a fluid 316 resides.
  • the heat transfers by a combination of conduction within the solid material 102 and the nanotube forest 108, and convection in the fluid 316.
  • the fluid 316 is a liquid such as water.
  • the nanotube forest 108 includes a superhydrophilic surface treatment that acts to attract water and, thus, avoid cavitation in or near the nanotube forest 108.
  • convection heat transfer of the heat transfer interface 300 may be from the fluid 316 to the nanotube forest 108 of the interface 200.
  • the heat transfer interface 400 is a solid material 102 having first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, and nanotube forests, 108 and 409, cover at least portions of the first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, respectively.
  • radiant energy 410 e.g., sunlight
  • a first side of the interface 400 illuminates at least a portion of the nanotube forest 108.
  • Heat generated by the radiant energy conducts through the solid material 102 to the second nanotube forest 409, where convection transfers the heat to a fluid 416 on a second side 414 of the interface 400.
  • the second nanotube forest 409 includes a superhydrophilic surface treatment [0024] It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that that various modifications may be made to the heat transfer interface 400 such as including a superhydrophilic surface treatment for the nanotube forest 108.
  • An embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention may include a cylinder that is illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • the cylinder 500 is made of a solid material 502 having an outer surface 504 and an inner surface 506.
  • FIG. 6 An embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 6.
  • the cylindrical heat transfer interface 600 is the solid material 502 having an outer surface 504 and an inner surface 506 and a nanotube forest 608 covers at least a portion of the outer surface 504.
  • radiant energy 610 illuminates at least a portion of the nanotube forest 608. Heat generated by the radiant energy transfers to the inner surface 506.
  • FIG. 7 Another embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 7.
  • the cylindrical heat transfer interface 700 includes the solid material 502 having outer and inner surfaces, 504 and 506, and a nanotube forest 708 covers at least a portion of the inner surface 506.
  • heat is transferred to or from a fluid 712 by combination of convection within the fluid 712 as well as conduction within the solid material 502 and the nanotube forest 708.
  • the nanotube forest includes a superhydrophilic surface treatment.
  • cylindrical heat transfer interfaces 600 (Fig. 6) and 700 (Fig. 7), such as covering at least in part both the outer and inner surfaces with nanotube forests or immersing the cylindrical heat transfer interface 600 or 700 in a fluid where heat is transferred to or from the outer surface 504 by convection.
  • the heat exchanger includes a cylindrical heat transfer interface 801 and a mirror 803.
  • the cylindrical heat transfer interface 801 is a solid material 802 having an outer surface 804 and an inner surface 806, and outer and inner nanotube forests (e.g., the nanotube forests, 608 and 708, of Figs. 6 and 7) covering at least portions of the outer and inner surfaces, 804 and 806, respectively.
  • the nanotube forest that covers at least a portion of the inner surface 806 may include a superhydrophilic surface treatment.
  • the mirror 803 may be a parabolic shaped mirror.
  • a method of improving heat transfer within a heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes applying a nanotube forest to a heat transfer surface of a heat transfer interface and installing the heat transfer interface in the heat exchanger. The method may further comprise applying a superhydrophilic surface treatment to the nanotube forest.
  • Carbon nanotube forests have been applied to solid material substrates using a CVD technique (e.g., see Wang, K., et al, Proc.SPIE 2005, 5718, 22-29), which was modified as follows.
  • a 10 nm thick Fe catalyst film was applied to the substrate prior to applying the carbon nanotube forest to the substrate.
  • a high ethylene concentration was used during nanotube growth. Specifically, flowing pure ethylene at 200 seem for 10 min. at a growth temperature of 750 0 C resulted in forests with an average nanotube diameter of approximately 40 nm.
  • the as-grown forests were resistant to deformation by strong solvent streams and significant mechanical pressure and scratching.
  • Fig. 9 is an SEM photo of a nanotube forest that had been applied to a substrate using this technique.
  • Substrates having a carbon nanotube forest on at least a portion of a surface were subject to a superhydrophilic surface treatment using a perflouroazide as schematically illustrated in Figs. 1OA and 1OB where the particular perflouroazide is shown in the figures.
  • Fig. 1OA a carbon nanotube 1000 in the presence of the perflouroazide is exposed to UV radiation 1002.
  • Fig. 1OB illustrates the nanotube 1000 after the surface treatment in which one possibility of bonding of the perflouroazide radicals to a surface of the nanotube 1000 is shown. Nanotube forests treated according to this technique exhibited a "sponge like" behavior with a water contact angle diminishing to near 0° after a few seconds. A contact angle near 0° verifies the superhydrophilic nature of a surface.

Abstract

Dans un mode de réalisation, l'invention concerne une interface de transfert de chaleur comprenant un matériau solide doté d'une première et d'une seconde surface, et une forêt de nanotubes recouvrant au moins une partie de la première surface. Lorsqu'elle fonctionne dans un échangeur thermique, l'interface de transfert de chaleur transmet de la chaleur d'un premier côté vers un second côté de cette dernière. Dans un mode de réalisation, l'invention concerne un procédé d'amélioration de transfert de chaleur dans un échangeur thermique consistant à : appliquer une forêt de nanotubes à une surface de transfert de chaleur d'une interface de transfert de chaleur et installer ladite interface de transfert de chaleur dans l'échangeur thermique.
PCT/US2010/026560 2009-03-10 2010-03-08 Interface de transfert de chaleur et procédé d'amélioration de transfert de chaleur WO2010104801A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/255,876 US20120118551A1 (en) 2009-03-10 2010-03-08 Heat Transfer Interface And Method Of Improving Heat Transfer

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15901709P 2009-03-10 2009-03-10
US61/159,017 2009-03-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010104801A1 true WO2010104801A1 (fr) 2010-09-16

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US (1) US20120118551A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010104801A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6118540B2 (ja) * 2012-11-08 2017-04-19 新光電気工業株式会社 放熱部品及びその製造方法
US20150219410A1 (en) * 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Heat Dissipation Structure Enhancing Heat Source Self Heat Radiation
DE102015208277A1 (de) 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine mit über einen Wald von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren gekühltem Rotor
US11879674B1 (en) 2023-03-08 2024-01-23 Rajiv K. Karkhanis Evaporative cooling system for fluids and solids

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4372291A (en) * 1979-11-09 1983-02-08 Schwartz David M Solar heat exchanger
US20050238810A1 (en) * 2004-04-26 2005-10-27 Mainstream Engineering Corp. Nanotube/metal substrate composites and methods for producing such composites
US20050266235A1 (en) * 2004-05-28 2005-12-01 Masayuki Nakajima Multi-layer coatings with an inorganic oxide network containing layer and methods for their application
US20070134496A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2007-06-14 Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. Carbon nanotube-dispersed composite material, method for producing same and article same is applied to

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US20050126766A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-06-16 Koila,Inc. Nanostructure augmentation of surfaces for enhanced thermal transfer with improved contact
JPWO2009107665A1 (ja) * 2008-02-25 2011-07-07 セントラル硝子株式会社 水酸化フッ化マグネシウム含有オルガノゾルおよびその製造方法
US20090314284A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2009-12-24 Schultz Forrest S Solar absorptive coating system
CA2734864A1 (fr) * 2008-08-21 2010-02-25 Innova Dynamics, Inc. Surfaces et revetements ameliores, et procedes associes
US9187330B2 (en) * 2008-09-15 2015-11-17 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Tubular nanostructure targeted to cell membrane

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4372291A (en) * 1979-11-09 1983-02-08 Schwartz David M Solar heat exchanger
US20070134496A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2007-06-14 Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. Carbon nanotube-dispersed composite material, method for producing same and article same is applied to
US20050238810A1 (en) * 2004-04-26 2005-10-27 Mainstream Engineering Corp. Nanotube/metal substrate composites and methods for producing such composites
US20050266235A1 (en) * 2004-05-28 2005-12-01 Masayuki Nakajima Multi-layer coatings with an inorganic oxide network containing layer and methods for their application

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