WO2010104801A1 - Heat transfer interface and method of improving heat transfer - Google Patents
Heat transfer interface and method of improving heat transfer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010104801A1 WO2010104801A1 PCT/US2010/026560 US2010026560W WO2010104801A1 WO 2010104801 A1 WO2010104801 A1 WO 2010104801A1 US 2010026560 W US2010026560 W US 2010026560W WO 2010104801 A1 WO2010104801 A1 WO 2010104801A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat transfer
- transfer interface
- heat
- nanotube forest
- interface
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
- F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
Definitions
- thermo-solar Two key elements in thermo-solar are absorption of sunlight (i.e. radiant heat transfer or collection) and heat transfer to a fluid (i.e. conduction and convection near an interface between a solid and a fluid).
- the present invention is a heat transfer interface that includes a solid material having first and second surfaces, and a nanotube forest covering at least a portion of the first surface. In operation in a heat exchanger, the heat transfer interface transmits heat from a first side to a second side of the heat transfer interface.
- the present invention is a method of improving heat transfer in a heat exchanger that includes applying a nanotube forest to a heat transfer surface of a heat transfer interface and installing the heat transfer interface in the heat exchanger.
- Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention
- Fig. 5 illustrates a cylindrically shaped solid material employed in and embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention
- FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention
- Fig. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a heat exchanger of the present invention
- Fig. 9 is an SEM image of a nanotube forest in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figs. 1OA and 1OB illustrate a superhydrophilic surface treatment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the heat transfer interface 100 is a solid material 102 having first and second surface, 104 and 106.
- a nanotube forest 108 covers at least a portion of the first surface 104.
- the solid material 102 may be a metal or some other suitable material such as a dielectric.
- the nanotube forest 108 includes carbon nanotubes.
- the nanotube forest may include nanotubes of boron nitride (BN), hybrid nanotubes of boron, nitrogen, and carbon (B x C y N z ), or some other suitable nanotubes.
- the heat transfer interface 100 transfers heat from a first side 112 to a second side 114 of the interface 100.
- the heat transfer interface 200 is a solid material 102 having first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, and a nanotube forest 108 covers at least a portion of the first surface 104.
- radiant energy 210 e.g., sunlight
- first side 212 of the interface 200 illuminates at least a portion of the nanotube forest 108. Heat generated by the radiant energy conducts through the solid material 102 to a second side 214 of the interface 200.
- the radiation heat transfer for the heat transfer interface 200 may be away from the nanotube forest 108 to some radiation absorbing body that is at a temperature lower than a temperature of the nanotube forest 108.
- the heat transfer interface 300 is a solid material 102 having first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, and a nanotube forest 108 covers at least a portion of the first surface 104.
- heat is transferred from a first side 312 of the interface 300 to a second side 314 where a fluid 316 resides.
- the heat transfers by a combination of conduction within the solid material 102 and the nanotube forest 108, and convection in the fluid 316.
- the fluid 316 is a liquid such as water.
- the nanotube forest 108 includes a superhydrophilic surface treatment that acts to attract water and, thus, avoid cavitation in or near the nanotube forest 108.
- convection heat transfer of the heat transfer interface 300 may be from the fluid 316 to the nanotube forest 108 of the interface 200.
- the heat transfer interface 400 is a solid material 102 having first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, and nanotube forests, 108 and 409, cover at least portions of the first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, respectively.
- radiant energy 410 e.g., sunlight
- a first side of the interface 400 illuminates at least a portion of the nanotube forest 108.
- Heat generated by the radiant energy conducts through the solid material 102 to the second nanotube forest 409, where convection transfers the heat to a fluid 416 on a second side 414 of the interface 400.
- the second nanotube forest 409 includes a superhydrophilic surface treatment [0024] It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that that various modifications may be made to the heat transfer interface 400 such as including a superhydrophilic surface treatment for the nanotube forest 108.
- An embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention may include a cylinder that is illustrated in Fig. 5.
- the cylinder 500 is made of a solid material 502 having an outer surface 504 and an inner surface 506.
- FIG. 6 An embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 6.
- the cylindrical heat transfer interface 600 is the solid material 502 having an outer surface 504 and an inner surface 506 and a nanotube forest 608 covers at least a portion of the outer surface 504.
- radiant energy 610 illuminates at least a portion of the nanotube forest 608. Heat generated by the radiant energy transfers to the inner surface 506.
- FIG. 7 Another embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 7.
- the cylindrical heat transfer interface 700 includes the solid material 502 having outer and inner surfaces, 504 and 506, and a nanotube forest 708 covers at least a portion of the inner surface 506.
- heat is transferred to or from a fluid 712 by combination of convection within the fluid 712 as well as conduction within the solid material 502 and the nanotube forest 708.
- the nanotube forest includes a superhydrophilic surface treatment.
- cylindrical heat transfer interfaces 600 (Fig. 6) and 700 (Fig. 7), such as covering at least in part both the outer and inner surfaces with nanotube forests or immersing the cylindrical heat transfer interface 600 or 700 in a fluid where heat is transferred to or from the outer surface 504 by convection.
- the heat exchanger includes a cylindrical heat transfer interface 801 and a mirror 803.
- the cylindrical heat transfer interface 801 is a solid material 802 having an outer surface 804 and an inner surface 806, and outer and inner nanotube forests (e.g., the nanotube forests, 608 and 708, of Figs. 6 and 7) covering at least portions of the outer and inner surfaces, 804 and 806, respectively.
- the nanotube forest that covers at least a portion of the inner surface 806 may include a superhydrophilic surface treatment.
- the mirror 803 may be a parabolic shaped mirror.
- a method of improving heat transfer within a heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes applying a nanotube forest to a heat transfer surface of a heat transfer interface and installing the heat transfer interface in the heat exchanger. The method may further comprise applying a superhydrophilic surface treatment to the nanotube forest.
- Carbon nanotube forests have been applied to solid material substrates using a CVD technique (e.g., see Wang, K., et al, Proc.SPIE 2005, 5718, 22-29), which was modified as follows.
- a 10 nm thick Fe catalyst film was applied to the substrate prior to applying the carbon nanotube forest to the substrate.
- a high ethylene concentration was used during nanotube growth. Specifically, flowing pure ethylene at 200 seem for 10 min. at a growth temperature of 750 0 C resulted in forests with an average nanotube diameter of approximately 40 nm.
- the as-grown forests were resistant to deformation by strong solvent streams and significant mechanical pressure and scratching.
- Fig. 9 is an SEM photo of a nanotube forest that had been applied to a substrate using this technique.
- Substrates having a carbon nanotube forest on at least a portion of a surface were subject to a superhydrophilic surface treatment using a perflouroazide as schematically illustrated in Figs. 1OA and 1OB where the particular perflouroazide is shown in the figures.
- Fig. 1OA a carbon nanotube 1000 in the presence of the perflouroazide is exposed to UV radiation 1002.
- Fig. 1OB illustrates the nanotube 1000 after the surface treatment in which one possibility of bonding of the perflouroazide radicals to a surface of the nanotube 1000 is shown. Nanotube forests treated according to this technique exhibited a "sponge like" behavior with a water contact angle diminishing to near 0° after a few seconds. A contact angle near 0° verifies the superhydrophilic nature of a surface.
Abstract
An embodiment of a heat transfer interface includes a solid material having first and second surfaces, and a nanotube forest covering at least a portion of the first surface. In operation in a heat exchanger, the heat transfer interface transmits heat from a first side to a second side of the heat transfer interface. An embodiment of a method of improving heat transfer in a heat exchanger includes applying a nanotube forest to a heat transfer surface of a heat transfer interface and installing the heat transfer interface in the heat exchanger.
Description
HEAT TRANSFER INTERFACE AND METHOD OF IMPROVING HEAT TRANSFER
Inventor: Alexander K. Zettl
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/159,017, filed March 10, 2009, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
[0002] This invention was made with government support under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in this invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present invention relates to the field of heat exchange and, more particularly, to the field of heat exchange where a surface enhancement provides improved heat exchange. [0004] There is currently great interest in alternative energy sources including wind, geothermal, tidal, and solar. Solar energy has excellent long term potential. There are two major "direct" ways to extract energy from sunlight, which are to generate electricity in a photovoltaic cell or to generate heat that is then converted to electricity (e.g., the heat may be used to generate steam, which is used to drive a turbine that generates electricity). The latter is referred to as thermo-solar. Two key elements in thermo-solar are absorption of sunlight (i.e. radiant heat transfer or collection) and heat transfer to a fluid (i.e. conduction and convection near an interface between a solid and a fluid).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] According to an embodiment, the present invention is a heat transfer interface that includes a solid material having first and second surfaces, and a nanotube forest covering at least a portion of the first surface. In operation in a heat exchanger, the heat transfer interface transmits heat from a first side to a second side of the heat transfer interface. [0006] According to another embodiment, the present invention is a method of improving heat transfer in a heat exchanger that includes applying a nanotube forest to a heat transfer surface of a heat transfer interface and installing the heat transfer interface in the heat exchanger.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] The present invention is described with respect to particular exemplary embodiments thereof and reference is accordingly made to the drawings in which: [0008] Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention;
[0009] Fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention;
[0010] Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention;
[0011] Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention;
[0012] Fig. 5 illustrates a cylindrically shaped solid material employed in and embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention;
[0013] Fig. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention;
[0014] Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention;
[0015] Fig. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a heat exchanger of the present invention; [0016] Fig. 9 is an SEM image of a nanotube forest in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and
[0017] Figs. 1OA and 1OB illustrate a superhydrophilic surface treatment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] An embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 1. The heat transfer interface 100 is a solid material 102 having first and second surface, 104 and 106. A nanotube forest 108 covers at least a portion of the first surface 104. The solid material 102 may be a metal or some other suitable material such as a dielectric. In an embodiment, the nanotube forest 108 includes carbon nanotubes. In other embodiments, the nanotube forest may include nanotubes of boron nitride (BN), hybrid nanotubes of boron, nitrogen, and carbon (BxCyNz), or some other suitable nanotubes. In operation in a heat exchanger, the heat transfer interface 100 transfers heat from a first side 112 to a second side 114 of the interface 100.
[0019] Another embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 2. The heat transfer interface 200 is a solid material 102 having first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, and a nanotube forest 108 covers at least a portion of the first surface 104. In operation in a heat exchanger, radiant energy 210 (e.g., sunlight) on a first side 212 of the interface 200 illuminates at least a portion of the nanotube forest 108. Heat generated by the radiant energy conducts through the solid material 102 to a second side 214 of the interface 200.
[0020] It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that the radiation heat transfer for the heat transfer interface 200 may be away from the nanotube forest 108 to some radiation absorbing body that is at a temperature lower than a temperature of the nanotube forest 108.
[0021] Another embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 3. The heat transfer interface 300 is a solid material 102 having first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, and a nanotube forest 108 covers at least a portion of the first surface 104. In operation in a heat exchanger, heat is transferred from a first side 312 of the interface 300 to a second side 314 where a fluid 316 resides. In the vicinity of the first surface 104, the nanotube forest 108, and the fluid 316, the heat transfers by a combination of conduction within the solid material 102 and the nanotube forest 108, and convection in the fluid 316. In an embodiment, the fluid 316 is a liquid such as water. In an embodiment, the nanotube forest 108 includes a superhydrophilic surface treatment that acts to attract water and, thus, avoid cavitation in or near the nanotube forest 108.
[0022] It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that convection heat transfer of the heat transfer interface 300 may be from the fluid 316 to the nanotube forest 108 of the interface 200.
[0023] Another embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 4. The heat transfer interface 400 is a solid material 102 having first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, and nanotube forests, 108 and 409, cover at least portions of the first and second surfaces, 104 and 106, respectively. In operation in a heat exchanger, radiant energy 410 (e.g., sunlight) on a first side of the interface 400 illuminates at least a portion of the nanotube forest 108. Heat generated by the radiant energy conducts through the solid material 102 to the second nanotube forest 409, where convection transfers the heat to a fluid 416 on a second side 414 of the interface 400. In an embodiment, the second nanotube forest 409 includes a superhydrophilic surface treatment
[0024] It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that that various modifications may be made to the heat transfer interface 400 such as including a superhydrophilic surface treatment for the nanotube forest 108.
[0025] An embodiment of a heat transfer interface of the present invention may include a cylinder that is illustrated in Fig. 5. The cylinder 500 is made of a solid material 502 having an outer surface 504 and an inner surface 506.
[0026] An embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 6. The cylindrical heat transfer interface 600 is the solid material 502 having an outer surface 504 and an inner surface 506 and a nanotube forest 608 covers at least a portion of the outer surface 504. In operation in a heat exchanger, radiant energy 610 illuminates at least a portion of the nanotube forest 608. Heat generated by the radiant energy transfers to the inner surface 506.
[0027] Another embodiment of a cylindrical heat transfer interface of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 7. The cylindrical heat transfer interface 700 includes the solid material 502 having outer and inner surfaces, 504 and 506, and a nanotube forest 708 covers at least a portion of the inner surface 506. In operation in a heat exchanger, heat is transferred to or from a fluid 712 by combination of convection within the fluid 712 as well as conduction within the solid material 502 and the nanotube forest 708. In an embodiment of the cylindrical heat transfer interface 700, the nanotube forest includes a superhydrophilic surface treatment.
[0028] It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the cylindrical heat transfer interfaces, 600 (Fig. 6) and 700 (Fig. 7), such as covering at least in part both the outer and inner surfaces with nanotube forests or immersing the cylindrical heat transfer interface 600 or 700 in a fluid where heat is transferred to or from the outer surface 504 by convection.
[0029] An embodiment of a heat exchanger of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 8. The heat exchanger includes a cylindrical heat transfer interface 801 and a mirror 803. The cylindrical heat transfer interface 801 is a solid material 802 having an outer surface 804 and an inner surface 806, and outer and inner nanotube forests (e.g., the nanotube forests, 608 and 708, of Figs. 6 and 7) covering at least portions of the outer and inner surfaces, 804 and 806, respectively. The nanotube forest that covers at least a portion of the inner surface 806 may include a superhydrophilic surface treatment. The mirror 803 may be a parabolic shaped mirror. In operation of the heat exchanger 800, radiant energy 810 (e.g., sunlight) illuminates the outer nanotube forest 804 in part by reflection from the mirror 803. Heat generated by the
radiant energy 810 conducts through the outer nanotube forest, the solid material 802, and the inner nanotube forest where it is transferred to a fluid 312 (e.g., liquid water). [0030] A method of improving heat transfer within a heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes applying a nanotube forest to a heat transfer surface of a heat transfer interface and installing the heat transfer interface in the heat exchanger. The method may further comprise applying a superhydrophilic surface treatment to the nanotube forest.
[0031] Carbon nanotube forests have been applied to solid material substrates using a CVD technique (e.g., see Wang, K., et al, Proc.SPIE 2005, 5718, 22-29), which was modified as follows. To increase forest adhesion to a substrate, a 10 nm thick Fe catalyst film was applied to the substrate prior to applying the carbon nanotube forest to the substrate. Also, a high ethylene concentration was used during nanotube growth. Specifically, flowing pure ethylene at 200 seem for 10 min. at a growth temperature of 750 0C resulted in forests with an average nanotube diameter of approximately 40 nm. The as-grown forests were resistant to deformation by strong solvent streams and significant mechanical pressure and scratching. It is believed that the observed durability stems form a cementing effect caused by amorphous carbon deposited on the nanotube surface during growth. Fig. 9 is an SEM photo of a nanotube forest that had been applied to a substrate using this technique. [0032] Substrates having a carbon nanotube forest on at least a portion of a surface were subject to a superhydrophilic surface treatment using a perflouroazide as schematically illustrated in Figs. 1OA and 1OB where the particular perflouroazide is shown in the figures. The substrates were dipped in a solution of the azide in acetone (10 mg/ml), allowed to dry, exposed to UV radiation (λ = 254 nm) for 5 min., and then rinsed in an acetone stream. In Fig. 1OA, a carbon nanotube 1000 in the presence of the perflouroazide is exposed to UV radiation 1002. Fig. 1OB illustrates the nanotube 1000 after the surface treatment in which one possibility of bonding of the perflouroazide radicals to a surface of the nanotube 1000 is shown. Nanotube forests treated according to this technique exhibited a "sponge like" behavior with a water contact angle diminishing to near 0° after a few seconds. A contact angle near 0° verifies the superhydrophilic nature of a surface.
[0033] The foregoing detailed description of the present invention is provided for the purposes of illustration and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the embodiments disclosed. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A heat transfer interface comprising: a solid material having first and second surfaces; and a nanotube forest covering at least a portion of the first surface, wherein in operation in a heat exchanger the heat transfer interface transmits heat from a first side to a second side of the heat transfer interface.
2. The heat transfer interface of claim 1 wherein nanotube forest comprises carbon nanotubes.
3. The heat transfer interface of claim 1 wherein in operation of the heat exchanger the first surface receives or transmits radiant energy.
4. The heat transfer interface of claim 3 wherein the radiant energy includes sunlight.
5. The heat transfer interface of claim 1 wherein in operation of the heat exchanger the first surface transmits heat to or from a fluid.
6. The heat transfer interface of claim 5 wherein the fluid is a liquid.
7. The heat transfer interface of claim 6 wherein the nanotube forest further comprises a superhydrophilic surface treatment.
8. The heat transfer interface of claim 1 further comprising a second nanotube forest covering at least a portion of the second surface
9. The heat transfer interface of claim 8 wherein in operation of the heat exchanger: the first surface receives radiant energy, thereby producing heat in the solid material; and the second surface transmits the heat to a fluid.
10. The heat transfer interface of claim 9 wherein the fluid is a liquid.
11. The heat transfer interface of claim 10 wherein the nanotube forest further comprises a superhydrophilic surface treatment.
12. A heat transfer interface comprising: a solid material having first and second surfaces; a first nanotube forest covering at least a portion of the first surface; and a second nanotube forest covering at least a portion of the second surface, the second nanotube forest comprising a superhydrophilic surface treatment, wherein in operation in a heat exchanger the heat transfer interface transmits heat from a first side to a second side of the heat transfer interface.
13. The heat transfer interface of claim 12 wherein in operation of the heat exchanger: the first surface receives radiant energy that produces heat within the solid material; and the second surface transfers the heat to a liquid.
14. The heat transfer interface of claim 13 wherein the liquid includes water.
15. A method of improving heat transfer in a heat exchanger comprising: applying a nanotube forest to a heat transfer surface of a heat transfer interface; and installing the heat transfer interface in the heat exchanger.
16. The method of improving the heat transfer of claim 15 further comprising operating the heat exchanger
17. The method of improving the heat transfer of claim 16 wherein the heat transfer surface receives or transmits radiant energy.
18. The method of improving the heat transfer of claim 16 wherein the heat transfer surface transfers heat to or from a fluid.
19. The method of improving the heat transfer of claim 18 wherein the fluid is a liquid.
20. The method of improving the heat transfer of claim 19 further comprising applying a superhydrophilic treatment to the nanotube forest.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/255,876 US20120118551A1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2010-03-08 | Heat Transfer Interface And Method Of Improving Heat Transfer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15901709P | 2009-03-10 | 2009-03-10 | |
US61/159,017 | 2009-03-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010104801A1 true WO2010104801A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
Family
ID=42728691
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2010/026560 WO2010104801A1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2010-03-08 | Heat transfer interface and method of improving heat transfer |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120118551A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010104801A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6118540B2 (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2017-04-19 | 新光電気工業株式会社 | Heat dissipation component and manufacturing method thereof |
US20150219410A1 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. | Heat Dissipation Structure Enhancing Heat Source Self Heat Radiation |
DE102015208277A1 (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2016-11-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electric machine with rotor cooled over a forest of carbon nanotubes |
US11879674B1 (en) | 2023-03-08 | 2024-01-23 | Rajiv K. Karkhanis | Evaporative cooling system for fluids and solids |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4372291A (en) * | 1979-11-09 | 1983-02-08 | Schwartz David M | Solar heat exchanger |
US20050238810A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-10-27 | Mainstream Engineering Corp. | Nanotube/metal substrate composites and methods for producing such composites |
US20050266235A1 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-01 | Masayuki Nakajima | Multi-layer coatings with an inorganic oxide network containing layer and methods for their application |
US20070134496A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2007-06-14 | Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. | Carbon nanotube-dispersed composite material, method for producing same and article same is applied to |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050126766A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-06-16 | Koila,Inc. | Nanostructure augmentation of surfaces for enhanced thermal transfer with improved contact |
WO2009107665A1 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-09-03 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Organosol containing magnesium fluoride hydroxide, and manufacturing method therefor |
US20090314284A1 (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2009-12-24 | Schultz Forrest S | Solar absorptive coating system |
CA2734864A1 (en) * | 2008-08-21 | 2010-02-25 | Innova Dynamics, Inc. | Enhanced surfaces, coatings, and related methods |
US20110177154A1 (en) * | 2008-09-15 | 2011-07-21 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Tubular nanostructure targeted to cell membrane |
-
2010
- 2010-03-08 WO PCT/US2010/026560 patent/WO2010104801A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-03-08 US US13/255,876 patent/US20120118551A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4372291A (en) * | 1979-11-09 | 1983-02-08 | Schwartz David M | Solar heat exchanger |
US20070134496A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2007-06-14 | Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. | Carbon nanotube-dispersed composite material, method for producing same and article same is applied to |
US20050238810A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-10-27 | Mainstream Engineering Corp. | Nanotube/metal substrate composites and methods for producing such composites |
US20050266235A1 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-01 | Masayuki Nakajima | Multi-layer coatings with an inorganic oxide network containing layer and methods for their application |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120118551A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9484543B2 (en) | Fabrication of anchored carbon nanotube array devices for integrated light collection and energy conversion | |
WO2010104801A1 (en) | Heat transfer interface and method of improving heat transfer | |
EP1920199B1 (en) | Method for producing nickel-alumina coated solar absorbers | |
WO2008153686A3 (en) | Solar thermoelectric and thermal cogeneration | |
EP2475938A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing a bended glass sheet, manufacturing system for executing the method, bended mirror assembly with the bended mirror and use of the bended mirror or the assembly with the bended mirror | |
CN109396631A (en) | A kind of tungsten/transition zone/stainless steel hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method | |
KR101055886B1 (en) | Condensing type solar and solar power generation equipment with cooling means using foamed metal | |
CN109879344A (en) | A kind of photo-thermal evaporating surface and its preparation and application | |
CN101832671A (en) | Solar collector tube | |
CN114350030B (en) | Biomass-based aerogel photo-thermal material and preparation method and application thereof | |
MA33001B1 (en) | HYDROGEN PERMEABLE PIPE | |
Kiriarachchi et al. | Metal-free functionalized carbonized cotton for efficient solar steam generation and wastewater treatment | |
CN108394859A (en) | A kind of silicon substrate wide spectrum absorbs optical-thermal conversion material and preparation method thereof | |
Wang et al. | Room-temperature direct heterogeneous bonding of glass and polystyrene substrates | |
US9568217B2 (en) | Getter support structure for a solar thermal power plant | |
CN101210745B (en) | Solar energy heat electricity generation and heat supplying device | |
AU2013273656B2 (en) | Enhanced photo-thermal energy conversion | |
CN205641583U (en) | Slot type solar vacuum heat collection tube | |
CN203012225U (en) | Sunlight reflecting device and solar collector assembly | |
JP2016102407A (en) | Dish type solar heat power generation system | |
JP2013019574A (en) | Sheet for forming solar light selective absorption film, method of forming solar light selective absorption film, and method of manufacturing solar system | |
CN105207576A (en) | Infrared generator | |
CN205752202U (en) | The building photovoltaic and photothermal integral component of the CIGS thin film photovoltaic cell of metallic substrates | |
Sopain et al. | Effect of using nanofluids in solar collector: A review | |
Gordon et al. | New optical systems for the solar generation of nanomaterials |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10751249 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13255876 Country of ref document: US |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 10751249 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |