WO2010094237A1 - 一种无醛重组材及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种无醛重组材及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010094237A1
WO2010094237A1 PCT/CN2010/070651 CN2010070651W WO2010094237A1 WO 2010094237 A1 WO2010094237 A1 WO 2010094237A1 CN 2010070651 W CN2010070651 W CN 2010070651W WO 2010094237 A1 WO2010094237 A1 WO 2010094237A1
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Prior art keywords
bamboo
wood
adhesive
sizing
aromatic diisocyanate
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PCT/CN2010/070651
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于文吉
余养伦
周月
祝荣先
任丁华
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中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所
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Publication of WO2010094237A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010094237A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a recombinant material, particularly an aldehyde-free recombinant material.
  • the present invention also provides a process for producing the aldehyde-free reconstituted material.
  • Reconstituted materials include reconstituted bamboo and recombinant wood, which are made by a series of mechanical and chemical processing of bamboo or wood, which are formed into a bundle (or strip) unit, which is dried, sized, paved and glued.
  • a new type of wood or bamboo composite material due to the special texture structure of the composite material, good physical and mechanical properties and high utilization rate of raw materials, in recent years, especially the recombinant bamboo has been rapidly developed.
  • the reconstituted materials can be divided into a hot press forming method and a cold pressing and solidifying forming method according to the forming process, wherein the hot press forming method is as shown in the figure: 3 ⁇ 4ff shows that the cold pressing drying curing forming process is as shown in the figure. ask
  • the current sizing process of the recombinant material mainly adopts the dipping method.
  • the solid content of the adhesive needs to be controlled between 8 % and 30%.
  • the solvent of the adhesive contains a large amount of water, the moisture content of the bamboo (wood) bundle after dipping is far greater than the moisture content of the hot-formed sheet, and the water of the bamboo (wood) bundle The rate varies depending on the amount of dipping and the solid content.
  • the amount of dipping is the percentage of the solid content of the adhesive and the absolute weight of the bamboo (wood)
  • the amount of dipping is the percentage of the solid content of the adhesive and the absolute weight of the bamboo (wood)
  • bamboo (wood) The moisture content of the bundle is as high as 48.8%.
  • the bamboo (wood) bundle with such a high water content needs to be dried before the slab, which increases the consumption of water resources on the one hand and consumes the consumption during the drying process on the other hand.
  • the adhesives used in the composite materials are mainly phenolic resin adhesives, and some urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives modified with urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive or melamine. These kinds of adhesives are all aldehyde adhesives.
  • the most prominent problem is that the released formaldehyde and free phenol can cause great harm to the human body.
  • the free phenolic problem of phenolic resin, especially the release of free phenol under high temperature conditions has attracted people's attention; using aldehyde adhesives
  • the amount of formaldehyde released has also attracted people's attention and has begun to solve the problem of formaldehyde release.
  • the adhesives used in the 3 ⁇ 4a pre-reformed materials are mainly phenolic resin adhesives, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives and melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives, all of which are polar adhesives, and because bamboo (wood) materials are polar materials, these adhesives The permeability of the agent in the bamboo (wood) material is poor, and it is difficult to achieve uniform sizing. ask
  • phenolic resin adhesive is brown or dark brown, the phenolic resin is used as an adhesive, which changes the color of the substrate of the recombinant material, and the natural color of the bamboo (wood) substrate itself cannot be obtained.
  • the substrate is a polymer material, and the alkaline substance added in the synthesis process of the phenolic resin, such as sodium hydroxide, has a strong hydrolysis and degradation effect on the bamboo (wood) substrate (Cheng Junqing ⁇ : Material Science) , China Forestry Publishing House, ⁇ page), especially in the drying and hot pressing process after dipping, the degradation of bamboo (wood) substrate, on the one hand, the physical properties of the composite material is reduced, on the other hand, the production The surface of the recombinant material increased.
  • the aromatic diisocyanate is a non-polar adhesive and has good wettability and permeability in bamboo (wood).
  • the aromatic diisocyanate adhesive belongs to the non-aldehyde adhesive.
  • the most significant advantage is that the formaldehyde emission of the plate produced by the aromatic diisocyanate is basically the same as the detection value of the formaldehyde emission of the log.
  • the aromatic diisocyanates commonly used in the wood industry are diphenylmethyl hydrazine diisocyanate (MDI) and polymeric isocyanate (PMDI).
  • MDI diphenylmethyl hydrazine diisocyanate
  • PMDI polymeric isocyanate
  • the preparation method is as follows: The oligoamine obtained by the aniline/formaldehyde condensation reaction is light.
  • MDI diphenylformamidine diisocyanate
  • PMDI polymeric isocyanate
  • PMDI polymeric isocyanate
  • 3 or Composition of higher functionality isocyanate oligomers (Gu Jiyou, Adhesives and Coatings, China Forestry Press, p. 195).
  • MDI and PMDI have been widely used in various boards such as particleboard, oriented strand board, medium density fiberboard, laminated timber and surface decorative panels (Gu Jiyou, Adhesives & Coatings, China Forestry Press, ⁇ .
  • the sizing method of the reconstituted material is the dipping method. In order to control the amount of sizing and the uniformity of dipping, it is generally necessary to glue.
  • the solid content of the agent is diluted to between 8% and 30%, while the aromatic Diisocyanate is a water-insoluble adhesive and cannot be diluted with a water solvent. If an aromatic diisocyanate adhesive is used for direct dipping, the cost of producing recombinant bamboo will be higher due to the higher cost of the aromatic diisocyanate. Too high.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an aldehyde-free recombinant material having the same formaldehyde emission amount and free phenol detection value as the wood-based bamboo (wood) substrate;
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing such an aldehyde-free recombinant material.
  • the invention provides an aldehyde-free recombinant material, comprising a plurality of bamboo (wood) bundles combined with a parallel parallel structure, and a crack between adjacent bamboo (wood) bundles and each bamboo (wood) bundle A glue layer is provided, and the adhesive of the glue layer is an aromatic diisocyanate.
  • the aromatic diisocyanate is diphenylformamidine diisocyanate (MDI) or polymeric isocyanate (PMDI).
  • the sizing amount of the aromatic diisocyanate is from 5% to 20% by mass of the dried bamboo (wood) bundle.
  • the bamboo bundle contains bamboo green and bamboo yellow. If it is bamboo, the bamboo bundle contains bamboo green and bamboo yellow. If it is wood, the logs are cut and cut into a certain width of veneers or veneers; or the waste veneers are cut into a strip of a certain width, and the veneers or veneers are placed in the disintegration device. In the middle of the formation of a network of wood beams.
  • a manufacturing method of the aldehyde-free recombinant material the main process steps thereof include: manufacturing of a bamboo (wood) bundle veneer, drying of two bamboo (wood) bundles, three-sizing, four-component, five-curing, six Post-treatment, characterized in that the adhesive used in the sizing process is an aromatic diisocyanate adhesive.
  • the aromatic diisocyanate is diphenylformamidine diisocyanate (MDI) or polymeric isocyanate (PMDI).
  • step (1) the bamboo (wood) material is first cross-cut, and the length of the cut bamboo (wood) section matches the size of the finished material and the relevant dimensions of the forming press or mold. .
  • the bamboo (wood) bundles are formed by disintegrating the bamboo (wood) segments into a network structure, which is a well-known technique;
  • the difference is that in the preparation of the bamboo bundle, the bamboo stalk on the outer surface and the bamboo yellow on the inner surface can be retained on the bamboo segment.
  • the moisture content of the bamboo (wood) bundle is controlled to be 25% or less.
  • the drying of the bamboo (wood) bundle can be carried out by heat drying or carbonization:
  • the bamboo (wood) bundle is placed in a drying kiln of ° C ⁇ ° 0 for drying, so that the final moisture content of the bamboo wood bundle is controlled between 5% and 25%;
  • the carbonization temperature is ⁇ "car, ⁇ , carbonization time is between ⁇ ; 3 ⁇ 4 division, the degree of carbonization can be determined according to the color needs of the product.
  • spray sizing is employed.
  • the spray sizing may be a spray sizing with a gas flow using a gas pressure of 0.2 ⁇ to 0.35 MPa.
  • the diameter of the nozzle is preferably from 0.25 m to 1.3 mm.
  • the spray sizing may also be a spray sizing without air flow, and the pressure of the glue used is 5MP ⁇ 40MPa.
  • the diameter of the nozzle is preferably from 0.22 m to 1.3 mm. ask
  • the aromatic diisocyanate may be added in an amount of from 5% to 20% by weight based on the dry weight of the bamboo (wood) bundle.
  • bamboo sizing Glue Spray the sizing method to uniformly spray the aromatic diisocyanate on the surface of the bamboo (wood) beam.
  • the sizing amount is 5 ⁇ 20% of the dry weight of the raw bamboo (wood) bundle.
  • the slab is laid: The bamboo (wood) bundle is weighed according to the preset density. Q If the hot-press molding method is used, the size of the sizing bamboo (wood) beam press is evenly spread in the molding frame, and the molding frame is removed to obtain a slab. ask
  • the bamboo (wood) bundle weighed according to the preset density after the above sizing is laid in the mold; the paved slab and the mold are integrally fed into the press. , using the pressure of 3 ⁇ 4, the slab is pressed to a predetermined position, and the mold is fixedly locked at this time.
  • the above-mentioned slab is fed into a hot press by a hot press forming method, and the hot pressing temperature is 9 ⁇ C to 160 ° C, and the hot pressing pressure is 4.0 MP to 10.0 MPa, and the hot pressing is performed.
  • the fixed mold is sent to an oven at a temperature of 9 ⁇ C to 160 °C and a curing time of 5 min/mm f ⁇ - 20 min/mm.
  • the post-processing steps may include processes such as curing, aligning, sawing, sanding, packaging, and the like, all of which are existing processes.
  • the bamboo (wood) composite material and the method for producing the same according to the present invention the formaldehyde emission amount and the free phenol detection value of the plate are obtained by using an aromatic diisocyanate adhesive using a non-aldehyde adhesive and a non-phenolic adhesive.
  • bamboo (wood) substrates have the same detection value.
  • the adhesive used in the present invention is an aromatic diisocyanate adhesive, and the aromatic diisocyanate adhesive is a pale yellow liquid, which is a pale yellow solid after curing.
  • the adhesive is used in the brown or dark brown phenolic resin adhesive used in the prior art.
  • the color of the board produced by the aromatic diisocyanate adhesive is closer to the natural color of bamboo (wood), which makes the solid wood of the board stronger.
  • Aromatic diisocyanate is a non-polar substance, compared with phenolic resin and urea-formaldehyde resin, aromatic two Isocyanate has better wettability and permeability on the surface of bamboo (wood), and forms a better bonding effect with bamboo (wood) bundles, especially bamboo, which has poor permeability to phenolic resin and urea-formaldehyde resin. While having good permeability to aromatic diisocyanate, the recombinant bamboo produced by using aromatic diisocyanate has good gluing properties.
  • Aromatic diisocyanate is a neutral adhesive. It will not degrade the bamboo (wood) substrate. Instead, during the curing process, the aromatic diisocyanate will crosslink with bamboo (wood). In addition, The aromatic diisocyanate will foam during the curing process, enhance the contact area with the bamboo (wood) beam, improve the bonding performance, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the composite material and reducing the surface crepe phenomenon of the composite material.
  • the aromatic diisocyanate has good gluing effect on bamboo green and bamboo yellow.
  • the aromatic diisocyanate adhesive is used to produce the recombinant bamboo.
  • the bamboo can be directly disintegrated into bamboo bundle without the bamboo green and bamboo yellow. After spraying, the glue is applied. Direct gluing can obtain good gluing performance, achieve the goal of bamboo bamboo utilization, greatly improve the utilization rate of bamboo, and make full use of the original bamboo that has not been utilized.
  • a spray sizing method is applied to apply an aromatic diisocyanate adhesive containing no water and other solvents to the bamboo (wood) bundle, and the sizing is performed by the process of the present invention compared with the conventional composite dipping process.
  • the glue layer formed by the dipping process is mainly surface-bonded, and a layered film is formed on the glue layer, and the strength of the glue is far less than the strength of the bamboo (wood) itself, which not only wastes the adhesive, Moreover, it is also possible to reduce the strength of the rubber layer; after the spray sizing process, the adhesive has a fine granular structure, and the formed rubber layer is mainly made by point glue, which greatly reduces the amount of glue applied. Higher cost aromatic diisocyanate adhesives can be applied to the composite.
  • the invention adopts an aromatic diisocyanate adhesive which is a non-aldehyde adhesive and a non-phenolic adhesive, so that the formaldehyde emission amount and the free phenol detection value of the recombinant material are the same as the detection value of the bamboo (wood) substrate.
  • the produced reconstituted material has good gluing performance and enhances the mechanical properties of the reconstituted material; and the sizing method of the sprayed glue used in the process greatly reduces the amount of sizing and makes the costly aromatic
  • the application of the diisocyanate adhesive to the recombinant material is practicable.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a processing process of a reconstituted material in a hot press forming method in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a processing process of a reconstituted material in a cold press drying and solidification molding method in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a processing process of the hot-press curing forming method of the composite material provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the processing technology of the cold pressed drying and solidifying forming method of the composite material provided by the present invention.
  • the invention provides an aldehyde-free recombinant material, comprising a plurality of bamboo (wood) bundles combined with a parallel parallel structure, and a crack between adjacent bamboo (wood) bundles and each bamboo (wood) bundle A glue layer is provided, and the adhesive of the glue layer is an aromatic diisocyanate.
  • the aromatic diisocyanate is diphenylformamidine diisocyanate (MDI) or polymeric isocyanate (PMDI).
  • the sizing amount of the aromatic diisocyanate is from 5% to 20% by mass of the dried bamboo (wood) bundle. If it is bamboo, the bamboo bundle contains bamboo green and bamboo yellow.
  • FIG, 3 f illustrated process, first, freshly sawn cut bamboo is a bamboo length; the bamboo section into pieces of bamboo, and after removing the mingled Zhuhuang, with a press machine to ease the forming wire bamboo bundles of mesh structure, this part of the technology is well known.
  • Drying or charring of bamboo bundles The above bamboo bundles are placed in a dry kiln of 3 ⁇ 40 to be dried to have a final water content of ⁇ , and the recombinant bamboo prepared from the dried bamboo bundles is a recombinant bamboo of the color. Or the bamboo bundle is carbonized in a carbonization kiln, the carbonization temperature is, the carbonization time is transparent, and the recombinant bamboo prepared by the carbonized bamboo bundle is a carbonized color recombinant bamboo.
  • bamboo beam sizing using airflow spray sizing method, the air pressure is 0.3MPa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 0.50mm.
  • the diphenylformamidine diisocyanate (MDI) having a molecular weight of 250.3 and a molecular structure is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the bamboo beam, and the amount of the sizing is the slab of the raw material of the bamboo slab: according to the preset
  • the bamboo bundle was weighed, and the size of the sizing bamboo beam pressing machine was uniformly spread in the molding frame, and the molding frame was removed to obtain a slab.
  • the paved slab is fed into a hot press by a hot press forming method at a hot pressing temperature of 120 ° C, a hot pressing pressure of 6.0 MPa, and a hot pressing time of ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 iin/mm.
  • the post-processing steps may include processes such as health maintenance, head-to-head, saw blade, sanding, packaging and storage, etc. Existing process.
  • bamboo beam sizing The above-mentioned bamboo bundles are put into a phenolic resin adhesive having a solid content by dipping, immersed, taken out, and placed vertically so that the adhesive on the surface of the bamboo bundle is no longer dripped.
  • the amount of dipping is the absolute dry weight of the bamboo bundle
  • the amount of dipping is the absolute weight of the charred bamboo bundle (in the carbonization process, the wetting property of the bamboo is reduced, so under the same dipping process conditions, the bamboo bundle The amount of dipping is reduced).
  • the reconstituted bamboo prepared by using diphenylformamidine diisocyanate has a static bending strength and elastic modulus compared with the recombinant bamboo prepared by using a phenolic resin adhesive.
  • the amount, internal bond strength and hardness were increased by 71.99%, 52.27%, 129.11% and 9.49%, respectively.
  • the static bending strength, elastic modulus, internal bond strength and hardness of carbonized color recombinant bamboo increased by 62.52%, 46.68% and 131.96 respectively. % and 10.02%; and the amount of formaldehyde released is the same as that of the bamboo substrate, which is much lower than that of the phenolic resin.
  • Example 2 Using the process shown in the figure below, the fresh green bamboo, dragon bamboo, Cizhu, Mazhu, Leizhu, Psyllium and other bamboos are first cut into bamboo segments of length 3 ⁇ 4; The bamboo piece is disintegrated by a disintegrator to form a bamboo bundle of a network structure, and the bamboo bundle contains bamboo green and bamboo yellow. it
  • Drying of bamboo bundles drying the above bamboo bundles in an oven of «0, so that the final moisture content is «difficult to sizing the bamboo bundles: using a non-airflow spray sizing method, the glue output pressure is 10 MPa, the nozzle With a diameter of 0.35 mm, polymerized isocyanate (PMDI) was sprayed evenly on the surface of the bamboo bundle, and the amount of glue applied was 3 ⁇ 4 of the weight of the dried bamboo bundle.
  • PMDI polymerized isocyanate
  • Slab slab Weigh the wood bundle according to the preset density, and lay the sizing wood bundle in the mold provided in the mold; send the paved slab together with the mold into the press, adopt Shape (pressure presses the upper die to the position of the pin hole, inserts the pin to fix the lock, relieves pressure, and takes out the slab and the mold.
  • Curing and Forming The slab and the mold are fed into an oven together by a cold press drying and solidification molding method.
  • the temperature of the oven is 120 ° C and the curing time is 20 min / mm.
  • the post-processing steps may include processes such as curing, aligning, sawing, sanding, packaging, and the like, all of which are existing processes.
  • Fresh poplar, eucalyptus, masson pine, eucalyptus, rubberwood, palm tree and other fast-growing timber or economic forest wood are cut into wooden segments of length.
  • the veneers are formed by spiral cutting to form a veneer. Wooden curtain with a width of «. Pass
  • Drying of the wooden curtain The above-mentioned wood beam curtain was placed in a ⁇ « oven for drying to a final moisture content of 20%. Pass
  • the air jet spray sizing method has a gas pressure of 0.35 MPa and a nozzle diameter of 1.3 mm.
  • the polymerized isocyanate (PMDI) is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the wood beam curtain, and the amount of sizing is 18%.
  • the slab is paved: the wood beam curtain is weighed according to the preset density, and the sizing wood beam curtain is followed. The blanks are stacked in parallel in the direction of the grain. Pass
  • Curing and forming The slabs of the assembled blanks are fed into a hot press at a hot pressing temperature of 140 ° C, a hot pressing pressure of 4.0 MPa, and a hot pressing time of 1.0 min/mm.
  • the post-processing steps may include processes such as curing, aligning, sawing, sanding, packaging, and the like, all of which are existing processes.
  • Example 4 The discarded veneers of poplar, eucalyptus, birch, pineapple, Adong gum, and cloned wood are cut into strips of width ⁇ Jiwen, and the wood bundles are formed by disintegration. forest
  • Carbonization of wood bundles The above-mentioned wood bundles are sent to a carbonization kiln for carbonization, and the carbonization temperature is 3 ⁇ 4, and the carbonization time is human. Lin
  • Wood beam sizing uses a glue output pressure of 20 MPa and a nozzle diameter of 0.50 mm. Spraying diphenylformamidine diisocyanate (MDI) evenly on the surface of wood beams or wood beam curtains, and controlling the amount of glue to be 3 ⁇ 4»
  • MDI diphenylformamidine diisocyanate
  • Slab paving Weigh the wood bundle according to the preset density, and lay the above-mentioned sizing wood bundle in the mold provided in ⁇ m; send the paved slab together with the mold into the press, The upper die is pressed to the position of the pin hole by a pressure of 3 ⁇ 4, the pin is inserted, the pressure is released, and the slab and the mold are taken out.
  • Forest Solidification molding The above mold and slab are fed together into an oven at a temperature of uo °c and a curing time of 20 min/mm.
  • the post-processing steps may include processes such as curing, aligning, sawing, sanding, packaging, and the like, all of which are existing processes.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Description

一种无醛重组材及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明提供一种重组材, 尤其是一种无醛重组材。 本发明还提供该无醛重组 材的制造方法。
背景技术
重组材包括重组竹和重组木, 它是将竹材或木材经过一系列的机械和化学加 工后形成的束状 (或条状) 单元, 经干燥、 施胶、 铺装和胶合等工序而制成的一 种新型木质或竹质复合材料, 由于重组材的特殊的纹理结构、 良好的物理力学性 能和原料利用率高的优点, 近年来, 特别是重组竹得到了快速的发展。 重组材按 成型工艺可分为热压固化成型法和冷压烘干固化成型法, 其中热压固化成型法工 艺如图: ¾ff示, 冷压烘干固化成型法工艺如图 ί斬示。 问
采用现有技术制造重组材主要存在以下问题:
1.目前的重组材的施胶工艺主要采用浸胶法, 为了达到浸胶均匀, 需要将胶粘 剂的固含量控制在 8 %〜30%之间。 采用浸胶工艺, 由于这种胶黏剂的溶剂中含有 大量的水, 浸胶之后竹 (木) 束的含水率远远大于热压成型板材所需要的含水率, 竹 (木) 束的含水率随着浸胶量和固含量的不同而不同。 例如: 用固含量为 18%的 酚醛树脂进行浸胶, 当浸胶量 (浸胶量即为胶黏剂的固体含量与竹 (木) 绝干重 量的百分比)为 12%时,竹(木)束的含水率高达 48.8%, 如此高的含水率的竹(木) 束在组坯之前就需要对其进行干燥, 一方面增加了水资源的消耗, 另一方面, 在 干燥过程中需要消耗大量的能源, 从而使成本增加; 其次, 由于未固化的胶黏剂 中甲醛和苯酚的含量较高, 在干燥过程中极易挥发到空气中, 造成空气污染; 再 者,即使经过低温干燥,也会使板材的物理力学性能降低(于文吉,余养伦,周月, 任 丁华.小径竹重组结构性能影响因子研究林产工业, 2006, 33 (6): 24- 28 ) 。
2 .目前, 重组材中所采用的胶粘剂主要是酚醛树脂胶粘剂, 也有部分采用脲 醛树脂胶粘剂或三聚氰胺改性的脲醛树脂胶粘剂。 这几种胶粘剂均为醛类胶黏剂, 其最突出的问题是释放出的甲醛和游离酚对人体会产生巨大的危害。 随着人类社 会的进步, 人们对于环保意识和身体健康意识的加强, 酚醛树脂的游离酚问题, 特别是在高温条件下游离酚的释放问题引起了人们的高度重视; 采用醛类胶黏剂 的甲醛释放量也引起了人们的高度关注, 并着手解决甲醛释放问题。 早在上世纪 大年代就有人着手研究解决甲醛释放对环境污染和对人体危害的问题。 进入板年 代, 在欧洲及美国和日本均制定了严格的控制甲醛释放的标准, 欧洲和日本相应 地出台了〜、 之、 间级和〜 、 之 、 间 等控制甲醛释放量的等级, 我国于「呀^ 颁布了 "室内装饰装修材料人造板及制品中甲醛释放限量" 强制性国家标准°/¾
¾ ^同时执行不符合标准要求的人造板产品禁止在市场上销售的规定。 |'¾ ^年以来, 欧盟部分实木复合地板进口商已经向我国的出口商提出要求生产无 醛实木复合地板; 而作为全球市场风向标的美国, 其最大的州一加利福尼亚州于 i J^ fi份立法, 将逐步限制利用脲醛胶制造的胶合板在加州的使用, 到 ί呀^ 禁止醛类胶黏剂胶合板在加州的销售和使用, 由此可见, 解决甲醛释放量问题和 生产环保型绿色人造板产品是关系到人造板产业生存和发展的关键所在。 问
¾a前重组材所采用的胶粘剂主要的是酚醛树脂胶粘剂、 脲醛树脂胶粘剂和 三聚氰胺改性的脲醛树脂胶粘剂, 均属于极性胶黏剂, 又由于竹 (木) 材属于极 性材料, 这些胶黏剂在竹 (木) 材中的渗透性较差, 很难达到施胶均匀。 问
黍 ffi前, 重组竹的工业化生产中, 大部分采用酚醛树脂胶黏剂。 由于酚醛树 脂胶黏剂呈褐色或深褐色, 将酚醛树脂作为胶黏剂, 改变了重组材基材的颜色, 无法获得竹 (木) 基材本身天然的颜色。 问
i s (木) 基材属于高分子材料, 在酚醛树脂的合成过程中添加的碱性物质 如氢氧化钠会对竹 (木) 基材有较强的水解和降解作用 (成俊卿^:材学, 中国林 业出版社, ^页) , 特别是在浸胶后的干燥和热压过程中对竹 (木) 基材产生降 解作用, 一方面使得重组材的物理性能降低, 另一方面使得生产出的重组材表面 毛剌增加。 问
而芳香族二异氰酸酯为非极性胶黏剂, 在竹 (木) 材中具有良好的润湿性和 渗透性。 芳香族二异氰酸酯胶粘剂属于非醛类胶黏剂, 最显著的优点是用芳香族 二异氰酸酯生产的板材的甲醛释放量与原木的甲醛释放量检测值基本一致。 目前, 木材工业常用的芳香族二异氰酸酯是二苯基甲垸二异氰酸酯(MDI)和聚合异氰酸 酯 (PMDI) 两种, 其制备方法如下: 由苯胺 /甲醛缩合反应之得的低聚体胺进行光 气化, 并通过连续膜或升膜真空蒸馏法得到纯的二苯基甲垸二异氰酸酯 (MDI) , 蒸馏的残余物为聚合异氰酸酯 (PMDI) , 聚合异氰酸酯 (PMDI) 是由 MDI和三 个或更高官能度的异氰酸酯低聚体组成 (顾继友, 胶粘剂与涂料, 中国林业出版 社, 195页) 。 MDI和 PMDI已经在刨花板、 定向刨花板、 中密度纤维板、 集成材 和表面装饰板等多种板材得到广泛地应用 (顾继友, 胶粘剂与涂料, 中国林业出 版社, ί 。 受传统观念的束缚, 目前还未见到将芳香族二异氰酸酯胶黏剂直 接用于重组竹的生产。 主要原因: 重组材的施胶方法为浸胶方法, 为了控制施胶 量和浸胶的均匀性, 一般需要将胶黏剂的固含量稀释到 8 %〜30%之间, 而芳香族 二异氰酸酯为非水溶性胶黏剂, 不能用水溶剂来稀释, 而若用芳香族二异氰酸酯 胶黏剂直接来浸胶, 由于芳香族二异氰酸酯的成本较高, 用于生产重组竹的成本 就会过高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于改进现有技术的不足, 提供一种与人造板竹 (木) 基材具 有同样甲醛释放量和游离酚检测值的无醛重组材;
本发明的另一个目的在于提供这种无醛重组材的制造方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
本发明提供的一种无醛重组材, 包括顺纹平行结构组合而成的若干片竹 (木) 束, 在相邻所述竹 (木) 束之间以及每片竹 (木) 束的裂隙中设置胶层, 所述胶 层的胶粘剂为芳香族二异氰酸酯。
所述的芳香族二异氰酸酯为二苯基甲垸二异氰酸酯 (MDI) 或聚合异氰酸酯 (PMDI) 。
所述芳香族二异氰酸酯的施胶量为绝干竹 (木) 束质量的 5 %〜20%。
如果为竹材, 所述竹束上含有竹青和竹黄。 如果为木材, 为原木经过旋切, 再裁剪成一定宽度的单板或单板条; 或者将废单板裁剪成一定宽度的单板条, 再 将所述单板或单板条在疏解装置中疏解形成网络状的木束。
一个所述无醛重组材的制造方法, 其主要工艺步骤包括: 一 竹 (木) 束单 板的制造、 二 竹 (木) 束的干燥、 三 施胶、 四 组坯、 五 固化成型、 六 后期处理, 其特征是, 在施胶工序中所使用的胶黏剂为芳香族二异氰酸酯胶黏剂。
所述的芳香族二异氰酸酯为二苯基甲垸二异氰酸酯 (MDI) 或聚合异氰酸酯 (PMDI) 。
具体地, 在步骤 (一) 中, 先对竹 (木) 材进行横向截锯, 截成的竹 (木) 段的长度与制成重组材的规格和成型压机或模具的相关尺寸相匹配。
竹 (木) 束的制备: 将竹 (木) 段经过疏解形成网状结构的竹 (木) 束, 这 部分技术属于公知技术;
所不同的是, 在竹束制备中, 竹段上可以保留外表面的竹青, 及内表面上的 竹黄。
在所述竹 (木) 束干燥工序中, 所述竹 (木) 束的含水率控制在 25%以下。 竹 (木) 束的干燥可以通过加热干燥或炭化方法实施:
加热干燥, 使竹 (木) 束放置在 °C〜 °0的干燥窑中进行干燥, 使竹木 束的最终含水率控制在 5%〜25%之间; 或将竹 (木) 放置在炭化窑中进行炭化处理, 炭化温度为 〜「辆、^, 炭 化时间为间〜; ¾司, 炭化程度可根据产品的颜色需要来确定。 问
进一步地, 在所述的施胶工序中, 采用喷雾施胶。
所述喷雾施胶, 可以是有气流的喷雾施胶, 所采用的气压在 0.2ΜΡ 〜 0.35MPa。 喷嘴的直径最好为 0.25m 〜1.3mm。
所述喷雾施胶, 也可以是无气流的喷雾施胶, 所采用的胶液输出压力在 5MP 〜40MPa。 喷嘴的直径最好为 0.22m 〜1.3mm。 问
在所述施胶工序中, 芳香族二异氰酸酯添加量可以为竹 (木)束绝干重量的 5 %〜20%。 问
竹匀 施胶:采用喷雾施胶方法,将芳香族二异氰酸酯均匀地喷涂在竹(木) 束表面, 施胶量为原料竹 (木) 束绝干重量的 5^20%。 问
在组坯工序中, 进行板坯的铺装: 按照预设的密度称取竹 (木) 束。 问 若采用热压固化成型法, 将上述施胶后的竹 (木) 束按压机的尺寸均匀地铺 装在成型框内, 移去成型框, 得到板坯。 问
若采用冷压烘干固化成型法, 将上述施胶后的按照预设的密度称取的竹 (木) 束铺装在模具中;将铺装好的板坯和模具整体送入压机中,采用之 〜; ¾ 的压力, 将板坯压到预定的位置, 此时对模具进行固定锁紧。 问
在固化成型工序中, 若采用热压固化成型法, 将上述的板坯送入热压机中, 热压温度为 9^C〜160°C, 热压压力为 4.0MP 〜10.0MPa, 热压时间: 0.5in/m 〜 1.2min/mm。
若采用冷压固化成型法。 将固定后的模具送入烘箱中, 烘箱的温度为 9^C〜 160 °C, 固化时间为 5 min/mm f^- 20min/mm。
后期处理工序可以包括养生、 齐头、 锯片、 砂光、 包装入库等工序, 其均为 现有工艺。
本发明提供的竹 (木) 重组材及其制造方法, 通过使用非醛类胶黏剂和非酚 类胶黏剂的芳香族二异氰酸酯胶黏剂使板材的甲醛释放量和游离酚检测值与竹 (木) 基材的检测值相同。 问
本发明所用的胶粘剂为芳香族二异氰酸酯胶粘剂, 芳香族二异氰酸酯胶粘剂 为浅黄色液体, 固化后为淡黄色固体, 采用这种胶粘剂与现有技术中所采用的褐 色或深褐色的酚醛树脂胶粘剂相比, 采用芳香族二异氰酸酯胶粘剂生产的板材的 颜色与竹 (木) 天然的颜色更接近, 使板材的实木性更强。 问
芳香族二异氰酸酯属于非极性物质, 与酚醛树脂和脲醛树脂相比, 芳香族二 异氰酸酯在竹 (木) 表面具有更好地润湿性和渗透性, 与竹 (木) 束形成更好的 胶合效果, 特别是竹材这种材料, 对酚醛树脂和脲醛树脂的渗透性较差, 而对芳 香族二异氰酸酯具有良好的渗透性, 采用芳香族二异氰酸酯生产的重组竹具有良 好的胶合性能。 积
芳香族二异氰酸酯属于中性胶黏剂, 不但不会对竹 (木) 基材发生降解作用, 反而在固化过程中, 芳香族二异氰酸酯会与竹 (木) 材发生交联反应, 此外, 由 于芳香族二异氰酸酯在固化过程中会产生发泡现象, 增强了与竹 (木) 束的接触 面积, 提高了胶合性能, 从而增强了重组材的力学性能, 减少了重组材的表面毛 剌现象。 积
芳香族二异氰酸酯对竹青和竹黄具有良好的胶合效果, 采用芳香族二异氰酸 酯胶粘剂生产重组竹, 竹材可以在不去竹青和竹黄的条件下直接疏解成为竹束, 经喷雾施胶后, 直接胶合就能得到良好的胶合性能, 实现了竹材全竹利用的目标, 大大地提高了竹材的利用率, 并且使原来尚未利用的杂竹等得到了充分地利用。 积 采用了喷雾施胶方法, 将不含水和其他溶剂的芳香族二异氰酸酯胶黏剂施加 在竹 (木) 束中, 与传统的重组材浸胶工艺相比, 采用本发明的工艺在施胶后不 需要干燥工序, 节省了干燥的能耗, 避免了浸胶后竹 (木) 束干燥时酚醛胶释放 的游游离酚和甲醛等有害气体对空气的污染, 从而减少了废气处理的成本和对环 境的污染; 此外, 也减少了施胶后竹束的干燥对重组材性能的影响, 提高了重组 材的性能稳定性。 积
浸胶工艺所形成的胶层是以面胶合为主, 在胶层形成的是层状的胶膜, 而胶 的强度远远小于竹 (木) 材本身的强度, 不仅使胶黏剂浪费, 且还有可能使胶层 的强度下降; 而采用了喷雾施胶工艺后, 胶黏剂呈细小的颗粒状结构, 形成的胶 层以点状胶合为主, 大大地降低了施胶量, 使成本较高的芳香族二异氰酸酯胶黏 剂可以应用到重组材上。 积
本发明采用非醛类胶黏剂和非酚类胶黏剂的芳香族二异氰酸酯胶黏剂, 使该 重组材的甲醛释放量和游离酚检测值与竹 (木) 基材的检测值相同, 另外, 使生 产的重组材具有良好地胶合性能, 增强了重组材的力学性能; 而在工艺中所采用 的喷胶的施胶方法, 大大地降低了施胶量, 使成本较高的芳香族二异氰酸酯胶黏 剂应用到重组材上具有了可实施性。 积
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本实用新型作进一步地说明, 并非对本实用新 型的限制, 凡是依照本实用新型公开内容所进行的任何本领域的等同替换, 均属 于本实用新型的保护范围。 积 附图说明
图 1为现有技术中热压固化成型法重组材的加工工艺流程图;
图 2为现有技术中冷压烘干固化成型法重组材的加工工艺流程图;
图 3为本发明提供的热压固化成型法重组材的加工工艺流程图;
图 4为本发明提供的冷压烘干固化成型法重组材的加工工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
实施例 1
本发明提供的一种无醛重组材, 包括顺纹平行结构组合而成的若干片竹 (木) 束, 在相邻所述竹 (木) 束之间以及每片竹 (木) 束的裂隙中设置胶层, 所述胶 层的胶粘剂为芳香族二异氰酸酯。
所述的芳香族二异氰酸酯为二苯基甲垸二异氰酸酯 (MDI) 或聚合异氰酸酯 (PMDI) 。 作
所述芳香族二异氰酸酯的施胶量为绝干竹 (木) 束质量的 5 %〜20%。 作 如果为竹材, 所述竹束上包含竹青和竹黄。
如图、 3 f示的工艺流程, 首先, 将新鲜的毛竹截锯成长度为 的竹段; 将 毛竹剖分成若干片竹片, 去除竹青和竹黄后, 用压丝机将其疏解形成网状结构的 竹束, 这部分技术属于公知技术。 作
竹束的干燥或炭化: 将上述的竹束放在 ¾0的干燥窑中进行干燥, 使其终含 水率为 ^〜 , 由干燥后的竹束制备的重组竹为本色重组竹。 或将竹束在炭 化窑中进行炭化处理, 炭化温度为 , 炭化时间为 透, 由炭化处理后的竹束 制备的重组竹为炭化色重组竹。 作
竹束施胶:采用有气流喷雾施胶方法,气压为 0.3MPa,喷嘴的直径为 0.50mm,
Figure imgf000008_0001
将分子量为 250.3, 分子结构式为 的二苯基甲垸二异 氰酸酯 (MDI) , 均匀地喷涂在竹束表面, 施胶量为原料竹束绝干重量的 作 板坯的铺装: 按照预设的密度称取竹束, 将上述施胶后的竹束按压机的尺寸 均匀地铺装在成型框内, 移去成型框, 得到板坯。 作
固化成型: 采用热压固化成型方法, 将铺装好的板坯送入热压机中, 热压温 度为 120°C, 热压压力为 6.0MPa, 热压时间为 ^ ¾iin/mm。
后期处理工序可以包括养生、 齐头、 锯片、 砂光、 包装入库等工序, 其均为 现有工艺。
对照例:
采用如图 、 所示的工艺, 其中竹束的制备、 干燥和炭化工艺与实施例 相 同;
竹束施胶: 采用浸胶方式, 将上述的竹束投入到固含量为 的酚醛树脂胶粘 剂中, 浸渍 , 取出, 垂直放置 , 使竹束表面的胶黏剂不再滴落。 浸胶量 为本色竹束绝干重量的 , 浸胶量为炭化竹束绝干重量的 (在炭化过程 中, 由于竹材的润湿性能下降, 因此在相同的浸胶工艺条件下, 竹束的浸胶量减 小) 。
竹束的干燥: 将上述的竹束放置在 °C的烘箱中进行干燥, 将其干燥到含水 率为 %。
以下工艺与实施例 相同。
表 1 本发明重组竹与传统工艺重组竹基本物理力学性能比较
Figure imgf000009_0001
从表 1 可以看出, 在密度相同的条件下, 采用二苯基甲垸二异氰酸酯制备的 重组竹与用酚醛树脂胶黏剂制备的重组竹相比, 本色重组竹的静曲强度、 弹性模 量、 内结合强度和硬度分别提高了 71.99%、 52.27%、 129.11%和 9.49% ; 炭化色重 组竹的静曲强度、弹性模量、内结合强度和硬度分别提高了 62.52%、 46.68%、 131.96 %和 10.02 %; 而甲醛释放量与竹材基材甲醛释放量 的释放量相同, 远远低 于用酚醛树脂胶黏剂的 。
实施例 2 采用如图 ) 所示的工艺, 首先将新鲜的绿竹、 龙竹、 慈竹、 麻竹、 雷竹、 撑 篙竹等杂竹截锯成长度为 ¾ 的竹段; 再将其剖分成若干片竹片, 用疏解机将其 疏解形成网状结构的竹束, 所述竹束上包含竹青和竹黄。 它
竹束的干燥:将上述的竹束在«0的烘箱中进行干燥,使其终含水率为 «難它 竹束施胶: 采用无气流喷雾施胶方法, 胶液输出压力为 10MPa, 喷嘴的直径 为 0.35mm, 将聚合异氰酸酯 (PMDI) , 均匀地喷涂在竹束表面, 施胶量为绝干 竹束重量的 ¾。 它
板坯的铺装: 按照预设的密度称取木束, 将上述施胶后的木束铺装在 中提供的模具中; 将铺装好的板坯和模具一起送入压机中, 采 用 状( 压力将上模压制到销钉孔的位置, 插上销钉固定锁紧, 泄压, 取出板坯 和模具。
固化成型: 采用冷压烘干固化成型方法, 将上述板坯和模具一起送入烘箱中, 烘箱的温度为 120°C, 固化时间为 20min/mm。
后期处理工序可以包括养生、 齐头、 锯片、 砂光、 包装入库等工序, 其均为 现有工艺。
表 2 不同竹种重组竹的物理力学性能比较
Figure imgf000010_0001
从表 2 可以看出, 所选用的 6种竹种, 其各项物理力学性能均超过红木 (黄 檀) 物理力学性能指标的要求。 而其甲醛释放量测试值与竹材基材的甲醛释放量 相同。 实施例 3
将新鲜的杨木、 桉树、 马尾松、 槐树、 橡胶木、 棕榈树等速生材或经济林木 材截锯成长度为裂置的木段; 通过旋切形成厚度为设 的单板, 经过疏解形成宽 度为 « 的木束帘。 传
木束帘的干燥: 将上述的木束帘放置在 ί«烘箱中进行干燥, 使其终含水率 为 20%。 传
木束帘的施胶: 采用有气流喷雾施胶法, 气压为 0.35MPa, 喷嘴的直径为 1.3mm。将由聚合异氰酸酯(PMDI),均匀地喷涂在木束帘的表面,施胶量为 18% 板坯的铺装: 按照预设的密度称取木束帘, 将上述施胶后的木束帘按照顺纹 方向平行堆叠组坯。 传
固化成型: 将组好坯的板坯送入热压机中, 热压温度为 140°C, 热压压力为 4.0MPa, 热压时间为 1.0min/mm
后期处理工序可以包括养生、 齐头、 锯片、 砂光、 包装入库等工序, 其均为 现有工艺。
6种人工速生林或经济林树种木材制备的重组木的基本物理力学性能指标
Figure imgf000011_0001
从表 3可以看出, 所选用的 6种人工速生林或经济林树种制备的重组木, 其 各项物理力学性能指标均接近红木 (黄檀) 物理力学性能指标的要求。 而其甲醛 释放量测试值远远低于国标 GB 18580-2001 中规定的E1级的 1.5mg/L
实施例 4 将杨木、 桉树、 桦木、 菠萝木、 阿东胶、 克隆木等树种的废弃单板, 踞裁成 宽度为 〜继文 的单板条, 经过疏解形成木束。 林
木束的炭化: 将上述的木束送入炭化窑中进行炭化处理, 炭化温度为 ¾猶¾ , 炭化时间为人。 林
木束施胶: 采用无气流喷雾施胶方法, 胶液输出压力为 20MPa, 喷嘴的直径 为 0.50mm。 将二苯基甲垸二异氰酸酯 (MDI) 均匀地喷涂在木束或木束帘表面, 施胶量控制为绝干木束质量的 ¾» 林
板坯铺装: 按照预设的密度称取木束, 将上述施胶后的木束铺装在 ^m 中提供的模具中; 将铺装好的板坯和模具一起送入压机中, 采 用 ¾离 压力将上模压制到销钉孔的位置, 插上销钉, 泄压, 取出板坯和模具。 林 固化成型: 将上述的模具和板坯一起送入烘箱中, 烘箱的温度为 uo°c, 固化 时间为 20min/mm。
后期处理工序可以包括养生、 齐头、 锯片、 砂光、 包装入库等工序, 其均为 现有工艺。
6种树种的废弃单板制备的重组木的基本物理力学性能指标
Figure imgf000012_0001
从表 4可以看出, 所选用的 6种常用的生产胶合板树种的废弃单板制备的重 组木, 其各项物理力学性能均接近或超过红木 (黄檀) 物理力学性能指标的要求。 而其甲醛释放量测试值远远低于国标 GB 18580-2001 51级规定的 1.5mg/L。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种无醛重组材, 包括顺纹平行结构组合而成的若干片竹或木束, 在相邻 所述竹或木束之间以及每片竹或木束内的裂隙之间设置胶层, 所述胶层的胶粘剂 为芳香族二异氰酸酯。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的无醛重组材, 其特征在于: 所述的芳香族二异氰酸 酯为二苯基甲垸二异氰酸酯或聚合异氰酸酯。 林
人根据权利要求 1所述的无醛重组材, 其特征在于: 所述的芳香族二异氰酸 酯的施胶量为竹或木束原料绝干重量的 5 20%。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的无醛重组材, 其特征在于: 如果为竹材, 为原木经 过旋切, 再裁剪成一定宽度的单板或单板条; 或者将废单板裁剪成一定宽度的单 板条, 再将所述单板或单板条在疏解装置中疏解形成网络状的木束; 所述竹束上 包含竹青和竹黄。
5.—个如权利要求 1所述的无醛重组材的制造方法,其主要工艺步骤包括: 改 竹或木束制造、 n改 ^或木束干燥、 n 胶、 膝 組坯、 叛綱化成型、 改 后期处理, 其特征是, 在施胶工序中所使用的胶黏剂为芳香族二异氰酸酯胶黏剂。
6.根据权利要求 5所述的重组材的制造方法, 其特征在于: 在所述的施胶工序 中, 采用喷雾施胶法。 林
据权利要求 6所述的重组材的制造方法, 其特征在于: 所述喷雾施胶法, 是指有气流的喷雾施胶, 所采用的气压为 0.¾iPa〜0.35MPa ; 或者, 是指无气流 的喷雾施胶, 所采用的胶液输出压力为 ¾IPa〜40MPa。 林
社根据权利要求 5所述的重组材的制造方法, 其特征在于: 在所述的施胶工序 中, 施胶量为竹或木束原料绝干重量的 5 20%。 林
歩根据权利要求 5所述的重组材的制造方法, 其特征在于: 在所述的单板干燥 工序中, 所述单板的含水率控制在 25%以下。 林
¾掛艮据权利要求 5所述的无甲醛重组材的制造方法, 其特征在于: 在所述的 固化成型工序中, 林
采用热压固化成型法, 其热压温度为 9¾! 〜 160°C, 热压压力为 4.放 MPa〜 lOMPa, 热压时间: 0. &iin/mm〜1.2min/mm; 或者
采用冷压固化成型法, 压力为生放 MPa〜15.0MPa, 将板坯压到预定的位置, 采用销钉对模具进行锁紧固定, 再将固定后的模具送入烘箱中固化成型, 烘箱的 温度为 9¾:〜 160 °C, 固化时间为 &iin/mm〜 20min/mm。
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