WO2010058743A1 - 筒内圧センサの異常検出装置、筒内圧センサの異常検出方法、内燃機関の制御装置 - Google Patents
筒内圧センサの異常検出装置、筒内圧センサの異常検出方法、内燃機関の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010058743A1 WO2010058743A1 PCT/JP2009/069373 JP2009069373W WO2010058743A1 WO 2010058743 A1 WO2010058743 A1 WO 2010058743A1 JP 2009069373 W JP2009069373 W JP 2009069373W WO 2010058743 A1 WO2010058743 A1 WO 2010058743A1
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- cylinder pressure
- pressure sensor
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- drift
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
- F02D41/222—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of sensors or parameter detection devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L27/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring fluid pressure
- G01L27/007—Malfunction diagnosis, i.e. diagnosing a sensor defect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/08—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring pressure in cylinders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an abnormality detection device for an in-cylinder pressure sensor, an abnormality detection method for an in-cylinder pressure sensor, and a control device for an internal combustion engine.
- In-cylinder pressure sensors include a piezoelectric type using a piezoelectric element as a pressure detection element and a strain gauge type using a strain gauge as a pressure detection element.
- these types of in-cylinder pressure sensors are designed, manufactured, or mounted so as to be mounted on an internal combustion engine with a preload applied to the pressure detection element for the purpose of measuring the in-cylinder pressure with high sensitivity. Is called.
- a piezoelectric element to which a preload is applied is mounted on a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-291091 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-301145 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-327502 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-330904 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-29436 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-64675
- the inventor of the present application has obtained the following knowledge as a result of earnest research. That is, during the operation of the internal combustion engine, an impact force may be generated along with rapid combustion due to abnormal combustion such as knocking. In some cases, the in-cylinder pressure may be much higher than normal. Thereby, sudden impact force or excessive pressure is applied to the in-cylinder pressure sensor. There is a possibility that the influence of such impact force or excessive pressure becomes so great that the in-cylinder pressure sensor is plastically deformed. Depending on the direction and magnitude of this plastic deformation, the structure of the in-cylinder pressure sensor may change in the direction of loosening the preload of the pressure detection element.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is capable of detecting an abnormality in the preload loss of the in-cylinder pressure sensor, or an abnormality detection device for the in-cylinder pressure sensor, or an abnormality detection of the in-cylinder pressure sensor. It aims to provide a method.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a control device for an internal combustion engine that can suppress an adverse effect on the operating state of the internal combustion engine due to an abnormal preload loss of the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- a first invention is an in-cylinder pressure sensor abnormality detection device comprising: An acquisition means for connecting to an in-cylinder pressure sensor including a pressure detecting element to which a preload is applied, An output abnormality detecting means for detecting whether or not a dead zone has occurred in the output characteristics of the in-cylinder pressure sensor; Drift reset means for reducing or eliminating output drift of the in-cylinder pressure sensor; After reducing or eliminating the output drift by the drift reset means, a preload loss is detected based on whether there is a dead band in the output characteristics of the in-cylinder pressure sensor or not.
- Anomaly detection means It is characterized by providing.
- the second invention is the first invention, wherein
- the drift reset means includes an abnormal drift reset means for reducing or eliminating output drift of the in-cylinder pressure sensor when the output abnormality detection means detects the occurrence of the dead zone
- the preload loss abnormality detecting means detects the preload of the in-cylinder pressure sensor based on whether or not a dead band exists in the output characteristics of the in-cylinder pressure sensor after the output drift is reduced or eliminated by the abnormal time drift reset means. It is characterized by detecting the presence or absence of a load loss abnormality.
- the third invention is the second invention, wherein
- the output abnormality detecting means detects whether or not a dead zone that hinders measurement of at least one of an intake pressure and an exhaust pressure of a measurement target cylinder is generated in the output characteristic of the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- the drift reset means reduces or eliminates the output drift to such an extent that at least a low pressure among the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure of the measurement target cylinder can be measured
- the preload loss abnormality detecting means is based on whether or not there is a dead zone that prevents measurement of at least one of the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure of the measurement target cylinder after the output drift is reduced or eliminated by the drift reset means. The presence or absence of a preload loss abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor is detected.
- 5th invention is set in any one of 1st thru
- An intake stroke in-cylinder pressure acquisition means for acquiring an intake stroke in-cylinder pressure that is an in-cylinder pressure during an intake stroke in a measurement target cylinder based on an output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor;
- An exhaust stroke in-cylinder pressure obtaining means for obtaining an exhaust stroke in-cylinder pressure that is a cylinder in-pressure during an exhaust stroke in the cylinder to be measured based on an output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor;
- the output abnormality detecting means includes pressure ratio abnormality detecting means for detecting the dead zone based on a ratio between the intake stroke in-cylinder pressure and the exhaust stroke in-cylinder pressure.
- the sixth invention is the fifth invention, wherein Condition determining means for determining whether or not the difference between the in-cylinder pressure during the intake stroke and the in-cylinder pressure during the exhaust stroke is larger than that during normal operation of the internal combustion engine,
- the pressure ratio abnormality detection means detects whether or not the dead zone has occurred when the condition determination means determines that the difference between the in-cylinder pressure during the intake stroke and the in-cylinder pressure during the exhaust stroke is large. It is characterized by that.
- the seventh invention is the fifth invention, wherein Fuel cut detection means for detecting whether or not fuel cut of the internal combustion engine is being performed; Closing means for closing the intake passage of the internal combustion engine during fuel cut of the internal combustion engine, The pressure ratio abnormality detection means detects whether or not the dead zone has occurred when the intake passage is closed.
- the output abnormality detection means detects the occurrence of the dead zone based on the detection result by the pressure ratio abnormality detection means and the magnitude or fluctuation of the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor during the intake stroke.
- the preload loss abnormality detecting means is an output value of the in-cylinder pressure sensor after an output drift is reduced or eliminated by the drift reset means and an upper limit value or a lower limit value of an output signal range of the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- the presence or absence of a preload loss abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor is detected based on a comparison with an output limit value.
- any one of the first to eighth aspects of the invention Based on the output change rate of the in-cylinder pressure sensor during the intake stroke of the cylinder to be measured, after the preload loss abnormality detecting unit has reduced or eliminated the output drift by the drift reset unit, It is characterized by detecting the presence or absence of a load loss abnormality.
- An eleventh aspect of the invention is an internal combustion engine control apparatus for achieving the above object,
- An in-cylinder pressure sensor including a pressure detecting element to which a preload is applied; Control means for controlling the internal combustion engine using the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor;
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the in-cylinder pressure sensor is a detection target of a preload loss abnormality.
- the preload loss abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor is detected, the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor by the control means is used so that the output of the dead band due to the preload loss abnormality is not used among the outputs of the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- Limiting means to limit the use of It is characterized by providing.
- the twelfth invention is the eleventh invention, in which
- the control means includes parameter calculation means for calculating a parameter related to control of the internal combustion engine using a part of the output generated by the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- the limiting means is An influence determining means for determining whether or not an influence of a preload loss abnormality has occurred in the partial output used by the parameter calculating means; When the partial output used by the parameter calculation means is affected by a preload loss abnormality, the calculation of the parameter calculation means based on the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor is prohibited, or the parameter calculation means Sensor output use restriction means for prohibiting control of the internal combustion engine based on the calculated parameters; It is characterized by including.
- a thirteenth aspect of the invention is a method for detecting an abnormality of an in-cylinder pressure sensor in order to achieve the above object,
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor is based on whether or not there is a dead zone in the output characteristic of the in-cylinder pressure sensor that includes the pressure detection element to which the preload is applied, even if the in-cylinder pressure sensor is subjected to output drift elimination measures.
- the presence or absence of a preload loss abnormality is detected.
- the preload loss causes a dead zone in the output characteristics of the in-cylinder pressure sensor due to the subsequent removal of the preload of the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor can increase or decrease as a whole to the extent that a dead zone is generated (so-called output drift).
- Such output drift can be eliminated by applying a drift eliminating measure to the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- the preload loss abnormality is a hardware abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor, it cannot be recovered by the drift elimination measure.
- the first invention paying attention to this point, there is provided means for detecting the presence or absence of a preload loss abnormality based on the output abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor after the output drift elimination measure is taken. Thereby, it can be detected that the output abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor is due to the preload loss abnormality.
- the output drift of the in-cylinder pressure sensor is reduced or eliminated in accordance with the detection of the dead zone by the output abnormality detection means, and thereafter, the preload loss abnormality detection means detects the preload loss abnormality. Done. As a result, it is possible to quickly and surely detect that the generated dead zone cannot be eliminated even if the output drift elimination measure is taken.
- the preload loss abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor can be detected promptly. That is, the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure are relatively low in the in-cylinder pressure during the combustion cycle. Due to the nature of the preload loss abnormality, there is a high possibility that it will first appear as an obstacle to the measurement of intake pressure and exhaust pressure. According to the third invention, it is possible to quickly detect that there is a possibility that a preload loss abnormality has occurred by detecting the presence or absence of a dead zone with respect to the intake pressure or the exhaust pressure. As a result, according to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to quickly detect a preload loss abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- the fourth aspect of the present invention it is possible to reliably detect the preload loss abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor. That is, according to the fourth invention, the output drift is sufficiently recovered to such an extent that the lower pressure of the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure can be measured. That is, sufficient measures against output drift are surely performed. Thereafter, the presence / absence of a preload loss abnormality can be detected based on whether or not there is a dead zone in the output characteristics in which the output drift is sufficiently recovered. As a result, it is possible to reliably detect the preload loss abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- the fifth invention it is possible to detect an output abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor based on the ratio of the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure obtained from the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- the exhaust pressure and the intake pressure are sufficiently different from each other. Therefore, it is possible to detect whether or not a dead zone is generated on both the intake pressure side and the exhaust pressure side of the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor based on the magnitude of the value of these ratios.
- output abnormality detection based on the ratio of the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure can be performed in a state where the difference between the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure becomes larger than that during normal operation. Thereby, the accuracy of output abnormality detection based on the ratio of the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure can be improved.
- output abnormality detection based on the ratio of the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure can be performed in the intake passage blockage state in which the difference between the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure is further increased. Thereby, the accuracy of output abnormality detection based on the ratio of the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure can be improved.
- the eighth invention it is possible to reliably detect the case where the influence of the preload loss hinders only the measurement of the intake pressure as the determination target of the preload loss abnormality. That is, if the degree of preload loss is significantly large, the sensitivity of the pressure detection element is reduced to the extent that measurement of both intake pressure and exhaust pressure is hindered. However, there is a possibility that the preload loss may occur to the extent that the measurement of the intake pressure is inhibited but the measurement of the exhaust pressure is not inhibited. According to the eighth invention, even in such a case, it is possible to detect as an output abnormality without omission.
- the ninth aspect of the present invention it is possible to detect the presence or absence of a dead band that is the basis for detecting a preload loss abnormality based on the magnitude of the output value of the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- the following effects can be obtained. That is, when a dead zone is generated in the in-cylinder pressure sensor, the output from the in-cylinder pressure sensor should not change substantially except for noise. If the dead zone occurs first due to the preload loss, the pressure value is low (basically negative pressure) during the intake stroke. Therefore, based on the output change rate of the in-cylinder pressure sensor during the intake stroke, it is possible to detect the presence of a dead zone in the in-cylinder pressure sensor. Further, based on the output change rate of the in-cylinder pressure sensor, the dead zone of the in-cylinder pressure sensor can be detected in common under a plurality of situations where the output values of the insensitive band are different. That is, according to the tenth aspect, it is possible to flexibly cope with a plurality of situations where the output values of the dead band are different.
- the use of a part or all of the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor is used. Can be limited. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the in-cylinder pressure sensor output including the influence of the preload loss abnormality from adversely affecting the control of the internal combustion engine. As a result, it is possible to suppress adverse effects on the operating state of the internal combustion engine caused by the preload loss abnormality.
- the twelfth aspect it is possible to suppress a situation where the in-cylinder pressure sensor output including the influence of the preload loss abnormality is used for the parameter calculation means. According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, such an abnormality can be allowed when the influence of the preload loss abnormality occurs in an area where the parameter calculation means is not used. As a result, it is possible to continue using available cylinder pressure sensor outputs while suppressing adverse effects on the operating state of the internal combustion engine.
- the thirteenth aspect it is possible to detect the presence or absence of a preload loss abnormality. That is, the output drift can be compensated by applying a drift elimination measure to the in-cylinder pressure sensor.
- the preload loss abnormality is a hardware abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor, it cannot be recovered by the drift elimination measure.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an internal combustion engine that is a premise in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of an in-cylinder pressure sensor 5.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the output characteristic 60 of the normal state in the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5, and the output characteristic 62 at the time of abnormal preload loss.
- It is a schematic diagram for explaining the difference between the preload loss abnormality and a simple output offset caused by temperature drift or the like. It is a figure for demonstrating the difference between preload loss abnormality and temperature drift.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining first sign determination according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a second sign determination according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a routine that is executed by the ECU 50 in the first embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the preload loss abnormality detection method concerning Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the change rate of the value of the cylinder pressure based on the output of the cylinder pressure sensor 5 according to a crank angle.
- 6 is a flowchart of a routine that is executed by the ECU 50 in the second embodiment.
- 10 is a flowchart of a routine that is executed by the ECU 50 in the third embodiment. It is a figure which shows the period when the output of the cylinder pressure sensor 5 is used in the air quantity detection program of Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a routine that is executed by the ECU 50 in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of an internal combustion engine that is a prerequisite for Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the abnormality detection device for an in-cylinder pressure sensor according to the present invention is mounted on the internal combustion engine of FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows only one cylinder for convenience, the present invention can be applied to a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine.
- the internal combustion engine shown in FIG. 1 is provided with an air cleaner 1, a throttle valve 2, an air flow meter 3, and a surge tank 4 in an intake passage.
- the downstream of the surge tank 4 communicates with the combustion chamber via an intake port and an intake valve.
- the internal combustion engine of FIG. 1 includes an in-cylinder pressure sensor 5, a spark plug 6, and a direct fuel injection injector 7 on the internal combustion engine, that is, on the cylinder head side.
- the internal combustion engine of FIG. 1 includes a crank angle sensor 8 and a knock sensor 9. Further, the internal combustion engine of FIG. 1 includes a catalyst 10 and a catalyst 11 in the exhaust passage.
- An exhaust gas sensor such as an air-fuel ratio sensor is also provided but is not shown.
- the internal combustion engine of FIG. 1 includes an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 50.
- the ECU 50 includes an opening TA of the throttle valve 2, an intake air amount KL AFM based on the output of the air flow meter 3, a crank angle CA based on the output of the crank angle sensor 8, a cylinder pressure P C based on the output of the cylinder pressure sensor 5, And the output KNK of knock sensor 9 is inputted, respectively.
- the ECU 50 controls the spark plug 6 and the direct fuel injector 7 based on various control parameters such as the ignition timing SA and the fuel injection rate tau.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 includes a strain gauge element 20 whose voltage value changes according to pressure.
- the strain gauge element 20 is attached to the housing 22.
- the housing 22 is welded to the housing 24, and the housing 24 is further integrated with the pressure receiving diaphragm 28.
- a transmission rod 26 is accommodated in an internal space formed by the housing 22 and the housing 24.
- the strain gauge element 20 is a silicon chip type element in the first embodiment.
- a load is applied to the strain gauge element 20 during the manufacturing process.
- the strain gauge element 20 receives a load applied in advance (hereinafter referred to as “preload”).
- the preload is mainly applied for the purpose of adjusting the zero point offset. That is, a preload is applied to the strain gauge element 20 in order to adjust the output characteristics of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 in accordance with the output value when the in-cylinder pressure is 0 [MPa].
- the strain gauge element 20 can generate a voltage corresponding to the pressure with sufficient sensitivity over the pressure range in the combustion cycle in the cylinder to be measured for in-cylinder pressure.
- the cylinder for measuring the in-cylinder pressure is also simply referred to as “measurement target cylinder” for convenience.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is arranged so that the lower side in FIG. 2 faces the combustion chamber side.
- the pressure receiving diaphragm 28 receives the pressure in the cylinder, and the pressure is finally transmitted to the strain gauge element 20 side through the transmission rod 26.
- the strain gauge element 20 is distorted, and the voltage value generated by the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 changes. Based on this voltage value, the in-cylinder pressure can be measured.
- FIG. 2 shows the circuit unit 30 and the drift reset unit 30a as a block diagram.
- the output of the strain gauge element 20 is input to the circuit unit 30.
- the circuit unit 30 has a role of outputting a change in the electrical signal of the strain gauge element 20 to the outside as an output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5.
- a drift reset unit 30a for eliminating the influence of temperature drift is mounted.
- the circuit unit 30 and the drift reset unit 30a are connected to the ECU 50.
- the circuit unit 30 includes a drift reset unit 30 a in order to cope with the temperature drift of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5.
- a function for detecting temperature drift is incorporated in the ECU 50 in advance.
- the ECU 50 controls the drift reset unit 30a as necessary to compensate for the drift elimination measure.
- the inventor of the present application has analyzed the preload loss through earnest research and obtained the following knowledge. That is, as the in-cylinder pressure sensor, a piezoelectric type using a piezoelectric element as a pressure detecting element and a strain gauge type using a strain gauge as a pressure detecting element are widely used. These in-cylinder pressure sensors are generally mounted on an internal combustion engine with a preload applied to a pressure detection element in order to measure the in-cylinder pressure with high sensitivity. As described above, the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 of the first embodiment is also given a preload.
- a sudden impact force or excessive pressure may be generated during operation of the internal combustion engine. That is, an impact force is generated with the sudden combustion of knocking, or the in-cylinder pressure becomes very large as compared with the normal time.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 may be plastically deformed under the influence of the impact force or excessive pressure. Specifically, for example, an excessive force is applied to the contact portion between the housing 22 and the transmission rod 26, and the tip of the transmission rod 26 is crushed. Further, the welded portion between the housing 22 and the housing 24 is plastically deformed. This plastic deformation may loosen the preload of the strain gauge element 20. As a result, the output sensitivity, which has been improved by the preload, is lowered, which may hinder measurement of the in-cylinder pressure.
- FIGS. 3 to 5 are diagrams for explaining the contents of the inventor of the present invention that have performed a more detailed analysis on preload loss.
- the abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor caused by the preload loss will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an output characteristic 60 in a normal state and an output characteristic 62 in a preload loss abnormality in the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5.
- 3 indicates the output voltage of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 3 indicates the pressure P measured by the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 (that is, the in-cylinder pressure of the internal combustion engine and is applied to the diaphragm 28). Pressure).
- the voltage V0 in FIG. 3 is the zero point output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 in the normal state after the zero point offset.
- the voltage Vmin in FIG. 3 means a hardware output voltage lower limit value of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5, that is, a lower limit of the output voltage that can be generated by the internal circuit of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5.
- the hardware minimum voltage value of the in-cylinder pressure sensor is also referred to as a “circuit limit value”.
- the state where the lower limit of the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor is lowered until it reaches the circuit limit value is also referred to as “lower output saturation”. Also called.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is normally subjected to a zero point offset by a preload. Accordingly, in a normal state, the output voltage of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 rises from the voltage V0 as the pressure P increases. However, if the preload loss occurs in the strain gauge element 20, the average value of the output voltage of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is shifted to the low voltage side as a whole. When the shift amount to the low voltage side is large, the output voltage of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is shifted to the extent that the output voltage of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 on the low pressure region side falls below the circuit limit value Vmin. As a result, a dead zone occurs like the output characteristic 62 in FIG. 3, and the pressure measurement on the low pressure side is hindered.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the difference between a preload loss abnormality and a simple output offset caused by temperature drift or the like.
- the output level of the in-cylinder pressure sensor is largely shifted according to the temperature (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-301145).
- the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is remarkably shifted to a low voltage due to temperature drift, it is assumed that a dead zone occurs as shown by the output characteristic 70 in FIG.
- the output characteristic 70 is generated due to the temperature drift, the output characteristic is recovered like the output characteristic 72 or 74 by performing the compensation for the temperature drift. That is, the dead zone is eliminated.
- the output characteristic 70 is generated for the same reason as the output characteristic 60 of FIG.
- the output characteristic does not recover even if the temperature drift compensation measure is applied. That is, even if the temperature drift compensation measure is applied, the dead zone is not eliminated as in the output characteristics 76 and 78 schematically shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5A schematically shows the state of temperature drift.
- the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor corresponding to the crank angle is schematically shown.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor illustrated in the description of FIG. 5 has a characteristic that the output voltage drifts to the low voltage side as the ambient temperature is higher (that is, as the engine water temperature (hereinafter referred to as Thw) is higher).
- the output characteristic 82 indicates when the engine water temperature (hereinafter referred to as Thw) is relatively low
- the output characteristic 84 indicates when the engine water temperature Thw is relatively high.
- FIG. 5A schematically shows the state of preload loss abnormality.
- the degree of the lower output saturation does not depend on the temperature environment.
- a dead zone occurs in the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5.
- the occurrence of this dead zone is a symptom similar to a temperature offset.
- it can be compensated by a drift elimination measure by the drift reset unit 30a.
- the preload loss abnormality is a hardware abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5, it cannot be recovered by the drift elimination measure of the drift reset unit 30a.
- this determination is also simply referred to as “prediction determination”. That is, in the first embodiment, it is detected whether or not there is a dead zone in the output characteristic of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 that can be determined as a sign of missing preload.
- the drift reset unit 30a then performs a drift elimination measure assuming a temperature drift.
- the drift elimination measure is performed to such an extent that the temperature drift is sufficiently eliminated.
- the first sign determination method focuses on the relationship between the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure of the internal combustion engine.
- the second sign determination method focuses on an output value that should be originally indicated by the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 during the intake stroke.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining first sign determination according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6A shows the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 according to the crank angle.
- the output level of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is shifted to the low voltage side as a result of the decrease in output sensitivity.
- the output characteristic of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 changes from the normal characteristic on the upper side in the figure to the lower characteristic in the figure.
- FIG. 6B is a partially enlarged view of the area indicated by the broken line A in FIG.
- the first sign determination method focuses on the difference between the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure. Specifically, the value of the in-cylinder pressure obtained based on the output voltage of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 when the crank angle is minus 180 degrees in the intake stroke is set as the intake stroke pressure Pim. Then, the value of the in-cylinder pressure obtained based on the output voltage of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 when the crank angle is 270 degrees in the exhaust stroke is defined as the exhaust stroke pressure Pex. Then, the ratio Pim / Pex is used for predictive judgment.
- the ratio Pim / Pex is equal to 1. Therefore, by determining whether or not the ratio Pim / Pex is 1, it is possible to determine whether or not there is a sign that a preload loss abnormality has occurred.
- the second sign determination is performed as follows. First, an output voltage value of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 representing the intake stroke pressure Pim is acquired. This voltage value is hereinafter expressed as V (Pim). When the ratio Pim / Pex indicates a value other than 1 in the first sign determination, it is determined whether or not the voltage value V (Pim) is larger than the circuit limit value Vim. When the voltage value V (Pim) does not exceed the circuit limit value Vim, that is, when the voltage value V (Pim) is low enough to match the circuit limit value Vim, a preload loss abnormality as shown in FIG. 7 occurs. There is a possibility. Therefore, also in this case, it is determined that there is a sign of abnormality in the preload loss. Thereby, the case where the dead zone of the preload loss abnormality occurs only on the intake pressure side can be included in the object of the sign determination.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a routine that the ECU 50 executes in the internal combustion engine of the first embodiment.
- the first sign determination method described above is realized by step S100
- the second sign determination method described above is realized by step S102.
- step S100 a process of determining whether Pim / Pex is 1 is executed (step S100).
- Pim / Pex which is the ratio of Pim and Pex obtained here is compared with 1. Thereby, the determination process of whether both are in agreement is made.
- the first sign determination method described above is realized.
- step S102 If the condition in step S100 is negative, it is subsequently determined whether or not a relationship of V (Pim)> Vmin is established (step S102).
- the output voltage V (Pim) of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 which is the basis of Pim in step S100 is compared with the circuit limit value Vmin.
- the circuit limit value Vmin is a value determined according to the specification of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5, and is preliminarily stored in the ECU 50. If the condition in step S102 is negative, it can be determined that the current in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 does not correspond to either the first predictor determination criterion or the second predictor determination criterion. Thus, the current routine ends.
- step S104 a drift reset is performed (step S104).
- the drift reset unit 30 a takes measures to eliminate the temperature drift of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5. If the sign of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 discovered in step S100 or S102 is due to temperature drift, the sign should be eliminated by the processing in step S104.
- step S106 it is subsequently determined whether V (Pim) matches Vmin (step S106).
- V (Pim) and Vmin are compared as in step S102 described above. If the condition in step S106 is negative, that is, if V (Pim) and Vmin do not match, it is determined that the preload loss abnormality found in step S100 or S102 is due to temperature drift. it can. Then, it can be determined that the abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 has been removed by the measure for eliminating the temperature drift in step S104. Therefore, the process proceeds to step S110, and after determining that there is no abnormality and determining that the sign is a temperature drift, the current routine ends.
- step S108 it is determined that a preload loss abnormality has occurred. This is because V (Pim) matches Vmin even after the drift reset in step S104. Therefore, for example, it is determined that a preload loss abnormality has occurred in the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 by, for example, turning on the abnormality flag. Thereafter, the current routine ends.
- the ECU 50 acquires the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 so that the “acquisition means” in the first aspect of the invention is the first step according to steps S100 and S102 of the routine of FIG.
- the “output abnormality detection means” is changed according to step S104 of the routine of FIG. 8
- the “drift reset means” of the first invention is changed to “preliminary result” in step S106 of the routine of FIG. "Load loss abnormality detecting means” is realized respectively.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 corresponds to the “in-cylinder pressure sensor” in the first invention
- the strain gauge element 20 corresponds to the “pressure detection element” in the first invention. Yes.
- the “abnormality drift resetting means” according to the second aspect of the present invention is implemented by step S104 of the routine of FIG.
- the presence or absence of a preload loss abnormality is detected for the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 including the strain gauge element 20.
- the configuration of the in-cylinder pressure sensor that is an object of abnormality detection of the present invention is not limited to this in-cylinder pressure sensor 5.
- In-cylinder pressure sensors of a type to which a preload is applied can cause a problem of preload loss regardless of strain gauge type or piezoelectric type. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to any in-cylinder pressure sensor to which a preload is applied.
- the specific structures of the strain gauge element and the piezoelectric element are not limited in the present invention.
- in-cylinder pressure sensors there are various structures and mounting methods for in-cylinder pressure sensors.
- various types of in-cylinder pressure sensors such as a spark plug integration system, a fuel injector integration system, and a system in which a part of the configuration of the in-cylinder pressure sensor enters the cylinder as disclosed in JP-A-2005-291091. It is.
- Even in these various in-cylinder pressure sensors as long as it is a type of in-cylinder pressure sensor to which a preload is applied, a problem of abnormal preload loss may occur. Therefore, as long as a preload is applied, the present invention can be widely applied to various in-cylinder pressure sensors including these exemplified methods and structures.
- JP-A-7-301145 discloses a temperature drift.
- Many techniques for compensating for the output drift are already known as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-327502. Therefore, various methods for compensating for the output drift of the in-cylinder pressure sensor (resolving the influence of drift) may be used as appropriate in place of the method illustrated in the first embodiment. Further, either an output compensation function that resets the influence of drift at once or an output compensation function that reduces the drift amount may be used.
- a preload loss abnormality is detected in the internal combustion engine that controls the intake air amount by the throttle valve 2.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the preload loss abnormality can be determined using the output value of the in-cylinder pressure sensor as in the first embodiment. it can.
- Embodiment 2 FIG.
- the second embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
- the second embodiment has a hardware configuration similar to that of the first embodiment. In the following, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and description of overlapping items will be omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the preload loss abnormality detecting method according to the second embodiment.
- the output characteristic 90 in FIG. 9 is affected by the preload loss abnormality.
- the lower output saturation point of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 does not necessarily become the circuit limit value Vmin.
- the lower output saturation point may be located between the voltage V0 due to the zero point offset and the circuit limit value Vmin. Assuming that there are variations in the lower output saturation point in this way, the determination made in step S106 in FIG. 8 in the first embodiment may not function effectively.
- FIG. 10 shows the rate of change of the in-cylinder pressure value based on the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 according to the crank angle. That is, dP / d ⁇ where P is the in-cylinder pressure and ⁇ is the crank angle.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a routine executed by the ECU 50 in the second embodiment.
- the flowchart in FIG. 11 is the same as the flowchart in FIG. 8 according to the first embodiment except for step S206 and step S202. Hereinafter, the difference will be mainly described.
- step S100 is first performed as in the first embodiment. If the condition in step S100 is negative, the process proceeds to step S202.
- step S202 it is determined whether dP / d ⁇ from BTDC 180 ° to IVC is zero.
- dP / d ⁇ is not described in detail here because a known calculation method may be used as appropriate.
- BTDC 180 ° is the intake bottom dead center
- IVC is the crank angle at which the intake valve is closed.
- the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 changes during the period from BTDC 180 ° to IVC. Therefore, it can be determined that the dead zone abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 does not occur during the period from BTDC 180 ° to IVC. Therefore, the current routine ends.
- step S104 a drift reset is performed as in the first embodiment.
- the present invention is not limited only to the determination of whether or not dP / d ⁇ completely matches zero.
- the same processing as in the second embodiment may be performed by determining whether dP / d ⁇ matches a minute value that can be regarded as substantially zero (or whether it is within a minute range).
- Embodiment 3 has the same hardware configuration as that of the second embodiment. Hereinafter, differences from the second embodiment will be described, and description of overlapping items will be omitted.
- the sign determination of the preload loss abnormality of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is commonly performed based on the ratio of Pim and Pex. This utilizes a relationship in which the exhaust pressure is sufficiently higher than the intake pressure. However, this relationship may not be available. For example, in an internal combustion engine equipped with a supercharger, the intake pressure is high, and Pim ⁇ Pex may be satisfied. In this case, the sign determination based on the ratio of Pim and Pex may not be performed with sufficiently high accuracy.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a routine executed by the ECU 50 in the third embodiment. Except for the addition of steps S300 and S302, this is the same as the flowchart of FIG. 11 of the second embodiment.
- step S300 it is detected whether or not the internal combustion engine is performing fuel cut. If the fuel cut is in progress, the throttle valve 2 is controlled to be completely closed (fully closed) (S302). In this state, the sign determination based on the ratio of Pim and Pex (step S100) is executed.
- step S100 is executed after the throttle is closed by executing steps S300 and S302 of the routine of FIG. 12, thereby realizing the “condition determining means” in the sixth aspect of the invention. Yes.
- the “fuel cut detecting means” in the seventh aspect of the routine of FIG. 12 in the routine of FIG. 12 is replaced by the “blocking means” in the seventh aspect of the invention by the process of step S302.
- the throttle valve 2 is closed during the fuel cut.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- an internal combustion engine having a variable valve system that can put an intake valve in a driving stop state is known.
- a throttle valve such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine that controls the intake air amount by opening characteristics of the intake valve
- Embodiment 4 the usage status of various applications that use the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is switched according to the degree of the preload loss abnormality.
- preload loss occurs in the strain gauge element 20 due to plastic deformation caused by various forces resulting from knocking or the like.
- the cause of the preload loss for example, the magnitude of the force applied to the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 and the degree of deformation of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 can vary depending on the situation. Therefore, the preload loss in the strain gauge element 20 is not always uniform. In response to this, a plurality of cases may occur with respect to the degree of preload loss abnormality.
- the usage status of various applications that use the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is switched according to the degree of the preload loss abnormality.
- the fourth embodiment has the same hardware configuration as that of the first embodiment. Also in the fourth embodiment, it is assumed that the preload loss abnormality determination process can be performed as in the first embodiment (or the second or third embodiment). Hereinafter, the description will focus on the differences from the first to third embodiments, and the description of overlapping items will be omitted.
- the following application is mounted on the ECU 50.
- A Program for detecting the intake air amount for each cylinder based on the in-cylinder pressure measurement value by the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 (hereinafter referred to as “air amount detection program”)
- B Combustion ratio (MFB) calculation program based on in-cylinder pressure measurement value by in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 and control program using PV k
- c Knock detection program based on in-cylinder pressure measurement value by in-cylinder pressure sensor 5
- a part of the output indicated by the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is used as a basis for calculation of the various programs. That is, the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 when the crank angle is in a specific section is used as a basis for calculation of each program. Note that the output use range, that is, the output use start crank angle and the output use end crank angle, do not necessarily match between the programs.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a section in which the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is used in the air amount detection program of the fourth embodiment (hereinafter also referred to as “air amount detection section”). As shown in the figure, in the fourth embodiment, the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 in the section where the crank angle is from minus 60 degrees to plus 60 degrees is used for the air amount detection program.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a section in which the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is used in the MFB calculation program of the fourth embodiment (hereinafter also referred to as “MFB calculation section”).
- MFB calculation section the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 in the section where the crank angle is from minus 60 degrees to plus 60 degrees is used for the MFB calculation program.
- the crank angle at the start point of the MFB calculation section is also referred to as ⁇ 1.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a section in which the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 is used in the knock detection program of the fourth embodiment (hereinafter also referred to as “knock gate section”).
- knock gate section the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 in the section where the crank angle is from the angle immediately before 0 degrees to plus 60 degrees is used for the knock detection program.
- the crank angle at the start point of the knock gate section is also referred to as ⁇ 2.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 it is detected whether or not the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 has a preload loss abnormality in the air amount detection section, the MFB calculation section, and the knock gate section in FIGS.
- the execution / stop of each program is switched according to the degree of preload loss abnormality.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a routine executed by the ECU 50 in the fourth embodiment.
- step S100 is the same as that in the first embodiment
- steps S300 and S302 are the same as those in the third embodiment.
- steps S300 and S302 are executed. As a result, as in the third embodiment, it is determined whether or not the conditions for performing a highly accurate predictor determination are satisfied. If the conditions for predictor determination are satisfied through steps S300 and S302, the process proceeds to step S100, where the predictor determination using the ratio of Pim and Pex is performed. If the condition in step S100 is negative, it is determined that there is no sign of a preload loss abnormality, and the current routine ends.
- step S100 If the condition in step S100 is affirmed, it is determined that there is a sign of a preload loss abnormality. In this case, the process proceeds to step S400 and subsequent steps.
- step S400 first, it is determined whether or not the voltage value V (Pim) matches the circuit limit value Vmin. When this condition is satisfied, there is a possibility that a preload loss abnormality that prevents measurement of the in-cylinder pressure in the intake stroke has occurred. Accordingly, a preload loss abnormality determination routine is subsequently executed (step S406). In step S406, the routine of FIG. 8 described in the first embodiment is executed. As a result, if it is determined that the preload loss is abnormal, the air amount detection program is turned off (step S408). Thereafter, the current routine ends.
- step S402 it is determined whether or not the voltage value V (P ⁇ 1 ) matches the circuit limit value Vmin.
- the voltage value V (P ⁇ 1 ) means an output voltage of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 that is a basis for calculating the in-cylinder pressure P ⁇ 1 at the crank angle ⁇ 1.
- a preload loss abnormality determination routine is subsequently executed (step S406).
- the control program using PV k is turned off (step S410). Thereafter, the current routine ends.
- step S404 it is determined whether or not the voltage value V ( P ⁇ 2 ) matches the circuit limit value Vmin.
- the voltage value V (P ⁇ 2 ) means an output voltage of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 that is a basis for calculating the in-cylinder pressure P ⁇ 1 at the crank angle ⁇ 2. If this condition is satisfied, there is a possibility that a preload loss abnormality that prevents measurement of the in-cylinder pressure that should be the basis of the knock detection program has occurred. Accordingly, a preload loss abnormality determination routine is subsequently executed (step S406). As a result, when it is determined that the preload loss is abnormal, the knock detection program is turned off (step S412). Thereafter, the current routine ends.
- use of the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 can be limited as necessary when a preload loss abnormality is detected.
- the fourth embodiment it is possible to suppress a situation where the in-cylinder pressure sensor output including the influence of the preload loss abnormality is used in the various programs. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 including the influence of the preload loss abnormality from adversely affecting the control of the internal combustion engine. As a result, it is possible to suppress adverse effects on the operating state of the internal combustion engine caused by the preload loss abnormality.
- such an abnormality can be allowed when the preload loss abnormality is affected in an area where the various programs are not used. As a result, it is possible to continue using the usable output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 while suppressing adverse effects on the operating state of the internal combustion engine.
- the ECU 50 corresponds to the “control means” in the eleventh aspect of the invention, and the processing of steps S100 to S412 in the routine of FIG.
- the “restricting means” in the eleventh invention is realized.
- each of the programs (a) to (c) is added to the “parameter calculating means” in the twelfth aspect of the present invention by performing steps S400, S402, and S404 in the routine of FIG.
- steps S400, S402, and S404 corresponds to the “effect determining means” in the twelfth aspect of the invention.
- the “sensor output use restricting means” according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention is implemented by executing the processing of steps S408, S410, and S412 in the routine of FIG.
- routine of FIG. 16 shown in the fourth embodiment is an example, and various other modifications are possible.
- the processing after S400, the processing after S402, and the processing after S404 may be executed in parallel. Further, the processing of S300 and S302 may be removed.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 when the degree of the preload loss abnormality is slight, that is, when the influence of the preload loss abnormality occurs outside the use section of the various programs, the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 Continue to use the output.
- the present invention is not limited to this. For example, if necessary, it is possible to take measures such as prohibiting the use of the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 5 over the entire crank angle depending on the determination condition of the preload loss abnormality.
- the output drift is always reduced or eliminated (or at a predetermined interval, specifically, for example, every predetermined time or at a predetermined crank angle, regardless of whether or not the in-cylinder pressure sensor has a dead zone.
- the invention of the present application can be used even when it is performed at every predetermined cycle).
- the present invention can be applied to a case where a routine for reducing or eliminating output drift is executed when a predetermined condition other than the occurrence of the dead zone is satisfied.
- a process for detecting the presence or absence of a preload loss abnormality (specifically, the processing of S106, S108, and S110 in FIG. 8 may be executed.
- timing timing, condition
- those various known techniques may be used.
- a drift reset routine for executing the drift reset processing in step S104 of the routine of FIG. 8 at regular intervals is created.
- a routine for executing the processes of S106, S108, and S110 of FIG. 8 is created after the output drift is reduced or eliminated by the routine.
- S106, S108, and S110 may be included in the drift reset routine so that the processes of S106, S108, and S110 in FIG. 8 are performed in the next step of the drift reset.
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Abstract
Description
予荷重が加えられた圧力検出素子を備えた筒内圧センサに接続して、該筒内圧センサの出力を取得する取得手段と、
前記筒内圧センサの出力特性に不感帯が発生しているか否かを検出する出力異常検出手段と、
前記筒内圧センサの出力ドリフトの低減または解消を行うドリフトリセット手段と、
前記ドリフトリセット手段による出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後に、前記筒内圧センサの出力特性に不感帯が存在するか否かに基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出する予荷重抜け異常検出手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
前記ドリフトリセット手段は、前記出力異常検出手段が前記不感帯の発生を検出した場合に前記筒内圧センサの出力ドリフトの低減または解消を行う異常時ドリフトリセット手段を含み、
前記予荷重抜け異常検出手段は、前記異常時ドリフトリセット手段による出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後に、前記筒内圧センサの出力特性に不感帯が存在するか否かに基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする。
前記出力異常検出手段が、前記筒内圧センサの出力特性に、計測対象気筒の吸気圧と排気圧の少なくとも一方の測定を妨げる不感帯が発生しているか否かを、検出することを特徴とする。
前記ドリフトリセット手段が、少なくとも計測対象気筒の吸気圧と排気圧のうち低い圧力が測定できる程度まで出力ドリフトの低減または解消を行い、
前記予荷重抜け異常検出手段が、前記ドリフトリセット手段による出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後に、計測対象気筒の吸気圧と排気圧の少なくとも一方の測定を妨げる不感帯が存在するか否かに基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする。
前記筒内圧センサの出力に基づいて、計測対象気筒における吸気行程中の筒内圧である吸気行程筒内圧を取得する吸気行程筒内圧取得手段と、
前記筒内圧センサの出力に基づいて、計測対象気筒における排気行程中の筒内圧である排気行程筒内圧を取得する排気行程筒内圧取得手段と、を備え、
前記出力異常検出手段が、前記吸気行程筒内圧と前記排気行程筒内圧との比に基づいて、前記不感帯を検出する圧力比異常検出手段を含むことを特徴とする。
内燃機関が通常運転中に比して吸気行程中の筒内圧と排気行程中の筒内圧との差が大きい状態にあるか否かを判定する条件判定手段をさらに備え、
前記圧力比異常検出手段が、前記条件判定手段により吸気行程中の筒内圧と排気行程中の筒内圧との差が大きいと判定された場合に、前記不感帯が発生しているか否かを検出することを特徴とする。
内燃機関のフューエルカットが行われているか否かを検出するフューエルカット検出手段と、
前記内燃機関のフューエルカット中に該内燃機関の吸気通路を閉塞する閉塞手段と、を備え、
前記圧力比異常検出手段が、前記吸気通路が閉塞されているときに、前記不感帯が発生しているか否かを検出することを特徴とする。
前記出力異常検出手段が、前記圧力比異常検出手段による検出の結果と、吸気行程中における前記筒内圧センサの出力の大きさまたは変動と、に基づいて、前記不感帯の発生を検出することを特徴とする。
前記予荷重抜け異常検出手段が、前記ドリフトリセット手段による出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後における前記筒内圧センサの出力の値と、前記筒内圧センサの出力信号の範囲の上限値または下限値である出力限界値と、の比較に基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする。
前記予荷重抜け異常検出手段が、前記ドリフトリセット手段による出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後における、計測対象気筒の吸気行程中の前記筒内圧センサの出力変化率に基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする。
予荷重が加えられた圧力検出素子を備えた筒内圧センサと、
前記筒内圧センサの出力を利用して、内燃機関を制御する制御手段と、
前記筒内圧センサを予荷重抜け異常の検出対象とする請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置と、
前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常が検出された場合に、該筒内圧センサの出力のうち予荷重抜け異常による不感帯域の出力が用いられないように、前記制御手段による前記筒内圧センサの出力の使用を制限する制限手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
前記制御手段が、前記筒内圧センサが発する出力のうち一部の出力を用いて内燃機関の制御に関連するパラメータを算出するパラメータ算出手段を含むものであり、
前記制限手段が、
前記パラメータ算出手段が用いる前記一部の出力に、予荷重抜け異常の影響が生じているか否かを判定する影響判定手段と、
前記パラメータ算出手段が用いる前記一部の出力に予荷重抜け異常の影響が生じている場合に、前記筒内圧センサの出力を基礎とした前記パラメータ算出手段の算出を禁止、または、前記パラメータ算出手段の算出したパラメータに基づく内燃機関の制御を禁止するセンサ出力使用制限手段と、
を含むものであることを特徴とする。
予荷重が加えられた圧力検出素子を備える筒内圧センサの出力特性に、その筒内圧センサに出力ドリフト解消措置を施してもなお解消されない不感帯が生じているか否かに基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする。
[実施の形態1の構成]
(内燃機関のシステム構成)
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1において前提となる内燃機関の構成を示す。実施の形態1では、図1の内燃機関に、本発明にかかる筒内圧センサの異常検出装置が搭載される。図1では便宜的に1つの気筒のみを示すが、多気筒内燃機関に対して本発明を適用することができる。
図2は、筒内圧センサ5の要部の模式的な断面図である。筒内圧センサ5は、圧力に応じて電圧値が変化する歪ゲージ素子20を備えている。歪ゲージ素子20は、ハウジング22に取り付けられている。図2に示すように、ハウジング22はハウジング24と溶接接合し、ハウジング24は更に受圧ダイアフラム28と一体となる。ハウジング22とハウジング24とにより形成された内部空間には、伝達ロッド26が収納されている。
(予荷重抜け異常の分析結果)
本願発明者は、鋭意研究により予荷重抜けの分析を行い、下記の知見を得た。すなわち、筒内圧センサには、圧電素子を圧力検出素子として用いる圧電方式のものや、歪ゲージを圧力検出素子として用いる歪ゲージ式のものが広く用いられている。これらの方式の筒内圧センサは、一般的に、筒内圧を感度良く測定するために、圧力検出素子に予荷重が与えられた状態で内燃機関に装着される。前述したように、実施の形態1の筒内圧センサ5も、予荷重を付与されたものである。
本願発明者は、上記のような知見に基づいて、予荷重抜け異常を検出する効果的な手法を見出した。以下、実施の形態1にかかる異常検出の基本的動作を説明する。
ここで、実施の形態1にかかる予兆判定の具体的手法を説明する。実施の形態1では、2つの予兆判定手法を組み合わせる。第1の予兆判定手法は、内燃機関の吸気圧と排気圧との関係に着目したものである。第2の予兆判定手法は、吸気行程中において筒内圧センサ5が本来示すべき出力値に着目したものである。
図6は、実施の形態1にかかる、第1の予兆判定を説明するための図である。図6(a)は、クランク角に応じた筒内圧センサ5の出力を示す。これまで述べたように、予荷重抜け異常が生ずると、出力感度が落ちることにより筒内圧センサ5の出力レベルが全体的に低電圧側にシフトする。これに伴い、図6(a)に示すように、図中の上側の正常な特性から、図中の下側の特性へと、筒内圧センサ5の出力特性が変化する。図6(b)は、図6(a)の破線Aの領域を、部分的に拡大した図である。
次に、図7を用いて、第2の予兆判定手法を説明する。吸気圧に比して排気圧が十分に大きい内燃機関である場合、予荷重抜けが生じた場合の筒内圧センサ5の出力レベルの変化が図7のようになる場合がある。すなわち、吸気圧は正常に測定できないものの、排気圧は測定できる程度に、筒内圧センサ5の感度が残る場合がある。その結果、吸気圧の測定が妨げられる程度まで予荷重抜けが発生しているにもかかわらず、比Pim/Pexが1以外の値を示す。従って、第1の予兆判定手法の判定基準のみに依拠すると、図7のような予荷重抜け異常を逃がすおそれがある。
以下、実施の形態1にかかる具体的処理を説明する。図8は、実施の形態1の内燃機関においてECU50が実行するルーチンのフローチャートである。図8のフローチャートにおいて、ステップS100により、上述した第1の予兆判定手法が、ステップS102により、上述した第2の予兆判定手法が、それぞれ実現されている。
また、上述した実施の形態1では、図8のルーチンのステップS104により、前記第2の発明における「異常時ドリフトリセット手段」が実現されている。
(第1変形例)
実施の形態1では、歪ゲージ素子20を備える筒内圧センサ5を対象に、予荷重抜けの異常の有無を検出した。しかしながら、本発明の異常検出の対象とされる筒内圧センサの構成は、この筒内圧センサ5に限定されるものではない。予荷重が付与されるタイプの筒内圧センサであれば、歪ゲージ式、圧電式を問わず、予荷重抜けの問題は生じうる。したがって、予荷重が付与されるタイプの筒内圧センサであれば、本発明を適用することができる。このように、歪ゲージ素子や圧電素子の具体的構造は、本発明では限定されない。
以下、本発明の実施の形態2を説明する。実施の形態2は、実施の形態1と同様のハードウェア構成を備える。以下、主に実施の形態1との相違点を説明し、重複する事項については説明を省略する。
実施の形態3は、実施の形態2と同様のハードウェア構成を備える。以下、実施の形態2との相違点を述べ、重複する事項については説明を省略する。
実施の形態4では、予荷重抜け異常の程度に応じて、筒内圧センサ5の出力を使用する各種アプリケーションの使用状況を切り換えることとした。実施の形態1で述べたように、ノッキング等に起因する各種の力によって塑性変形が生ずることにより、歪ゲージ素子20に予荷重抜けが発生する。予荷重抜けの原因、例えば、筒内圧センサ5に加えられる力の大きさや、筒内圧センサ5の変形の具合は、状況に応じて異なったものとなりうる。よって、歪ゲージ素子20における予荷重の抜け具合が、常に一律なものになるとは限らない。これに応じて、予荷重抜け異常の程度も、複数の場合が生じうる。例えば、クランク角全領域において筒内圧の測定が不可能になるような重度の場合もあれば、吸気行程中の初期においてのみ不感帯を生じさせるような軽度の場合もある。そこで、実施の形態4では、予荷重抜け異常の程度に応じて、筒内圧センサ5の出力を使用する各種アプリケーションの使用状況を切り換えることとした。
実施の形態4は、実施の形態1と同様のハードウェア構成を備える。そして、実施の形態4においても、実施の形態1(若しくは実施の形態2または3)と同様に、予荷重抜け異常判定の処理を実行可能であるものとする。以下、実施の形態1~3との相違点を中心に説明し、重複する事項については説明を省略する。
(a)筒内圧センサ5による筒内圧測定値に基づいて気筒別に吸入空気量を検出するプログラム(以下、「空気量検出プログラム」と称す)
(b)筒内圧センサ5による筒内圧測定値に基づく燃焼割合(MFB)算出プログラム、およびPVkを用いた制御プログラム
(c)筒内圧センサ5による筒内圧測定値に基づくノック検出用プログラム
なお、筒内圧に基づいて行われる、気筒別吸入空気量検出、燃焼割合(MFB)算出、PVkを用いた制御、およびノック検出の技術は、既に公知技術である。従って、ここでは詳細な説明は行わない。
以下、実施の形態4の具体的処理を説明する。図16は、実施の形態4においてECU50が実行するルーチンのフローチャートである。図16において、ステップS100は実施の形態1と同じものであり、ステップS300およびS302は実施の形態3と同じものである。
これらの場合にも、出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後に、筒内圧センサの出力特性に不感帯が存在するか否かに基づいて、予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出する処理(具体的には、上記実施の形態では、図8のS106、S108、S110の処理)を実行すればよい。なお、いかなるタイミング(時期、条件)で出力ドリフトの低減や解消を行うかについては、既に各種技術が公知であるため、それらの各種公知技術を利用すればよい。
これにより、出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後に、筒内圧センサの出力特性に不感帯が存在するか否かに基づいて、予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することができる。
2 スロットルバルブ
3 エアフローメータ
4 サージタンク
5 筒内圧センサ
6 スパークプラグ
7 燃料直噴インジェクタ
8 クランク角センサ
9 ノックセンサ
10 触媒
11 触媒
20 歪ゲージ素子
22 ハウジング
24 ハウジング
26 伝達ロッド
28 受圧ダイアフラム
30 回路部
30a ドリフトリセット部
Claims (13)
- 予荷重が加えられた圧力検出素子を備えた筒内圧センサに接続して、該筒内圧センサの出力を取得する取得手段と、
前記筒内圧センサの出力特性に不感帯が発生しているか否かを検出する出力異常検出手段と、
前記筒内圧センサの出力ドリフトの低減または解消を行うドリフトリセット手段と、
前記ドリフトリセット手段による出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後に、前記筒内圧センサの出力特性に不感帯が存在するか否かに基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出する予荷重抜け異常検出手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする筒内圧センサの異常検出装置。 - 前記ドリフトリセット手段は、前記出力異常検出手段が前記不感帯の発生を検出した場合に前記筒内圧センサの出力ドリフトの低減または解消を行う異常時ドリフトリセット手段を含み、
前記予荷重抜け異常検出手段は、前記異常時ドリフトリセット手段による出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後に、前記筒内圧センサの出力特性に不感帯が存在するか否かに基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置。 - 前記出力異常検出手段が、前記筒内圧センサの出力特性に、計測対象気筒の吸気圧と排気圧の少なくとも一方の測定を妨げる不感帯が発生しているか否かを、検出することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置。
- 前記ドリフトリセット手段が、少なくとも計測対象気筒の吸気圧と排気圧のうち低い圧力が測定できる程度まで出力ドリフトの低減または解消を行い、
前記予荷重抜け異常検出手段が、前記ドリフトリセット手段による出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後に、計測対象気筒の吸気圧と排気圧の少なくとも一方の測定を妨げる不感帯が存在するか否かに基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置。 - 前記筒内圧センサの出力に基づいて、計測対象気筒における吸気行程中の筒内圧である吸気行程筒内圧を取得する吸気行程筒内圧取得手段と、
前記筒内圧センサの出力に基づいて、計測対象気筒における排気行程中の筒内圧である排気行程筒内圧を取得する排気行程筒内圧取得手段と、を備え、
前記出力異常検出手段が、前記吸気行程筒内圧と前記排気行程筒内圧との比に基づいて、前記不感帯を検出する圧力比異常検出手段を含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置。 - 内燃機関が通常運転中に比して吸気行程中の筒内圧と排気行程中の筒内圧との差が大きい状態にあるか否かを判定する条件判定手段をさらに備え、
前記圧力比異常検出手段が、前記条件判定手段により吸気行程中の筒内圧と排気行程中の筒内圧との差が大きいと判定された場合に、前記不感帯が発生しているか否かを検出することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置。 - 内燃機関のフューエルカットが行われているか否かを検出するフューエルカット検出手段と、
前記内燃機関のフューエルカット中に該内燃機関の吸気通路を閉塞する閉塞手段と、を備え、
前記圧力比異常検出手段が、前記吸気通路が閉塞されているときに、前記不感帯が発生しているか否かを検出することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置。 - 請求項5乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置において、
前記出力異常検出手段が、前記圧力比異常検出手段による検出の結果と、吸気行程中における前記筒内圧センサの出力の大きさまたは変動と、に基づいて、前記不感帯の発生を検出することを特徴とする筒内圧センサの異常検出装置。 - 前記予荷重抜け異常検出手段が、前記ドリフトリセット手段による出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後における前記筒内圧センサの出力の値と、前記筒内圧センサの出力信号の範囲の上限値または下限値である出力限界値と、の比較に基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置。
- 前記予荷重抜け異常検出手段が、前記ドリフトリセット手段による出力ドリフトの低減後または解消後における、計測対象気筒の吸気行程中の前記筒内圧センサの出力変化率に基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置。
- 予荷重が加えられた圧力検出素子を備えた筒内圧センサと、
前記筒内圧センサの出力を利用して、内燃機関を制御する制御手段と、
前記筒内圧センサを予荷重抜け異常の検出対象とする請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の筒内圧センサの異常検出装置と、
前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常が検出された場合に、該筒内圧センサの出力のうち予荷重抜け異常による不感帯域の出力が用いられないように、前記制御手段による前記筒内圧センサの出力の使用を制限する制限手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記制御手段が、前記筒内圧センサが発する出力のうち一部の出力を用いて内燃機関の制御に関連するパラメータを算出するパラメータ算出手段を含むものであり、
前記制限手段が、
前記パラメータ算出手段が用いる前記一部の出力に、予荷重抜け異常の影響が生じているか否かを判定する影響判定手段と、
前記パラメータ算出手段が用いる前記一部の出力に予荷重抜け異常の影響が生じている場合に、前記筒内圧センサの出力を基礎とした前記パラメータ算出手段の算出を禁止、または、前記パラメータ算出手段の算出したパラメータに基づく内燃機関の制御を禁止するセンサ出力使用制限手段と、
を含むものであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。 - 予荷重が加えられた圧力検出素子を備える筒内圧センサの出力特性に、その筒内圧センサに出力ドリフト解消措置を施してもなお解消されない不感帯が生じているか否かに基づいて、前記筒内圧センサの予荷重抜け異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする筒内圧センサの異常検出方法。
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Also Published As
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JPWO2010058743A1 (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
CN102171434B (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
DE112009003611T5 (de) | 2012-08-23 |
JP4957849B2 (ja) | 2012-06-20 |
CN102171434A (zh) | 2011-08-31 |
US8260531B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 |
US20110303190A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
DE112009003611B4 (de) | 2014-05-28 |
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