WO2010030823A1 - Communautés de microorganismes mélangés pour la fabrication de biomasse - Google Patents

Communautés de microorganismes mélangés pour la fabrication de biomasse Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010030823A1
WO2010030823A1 PCT/US2009/056570 US2009056570W WO2010030823A1 WO 2010030823 A1 WO2010030823 A1 WO 2010030823A1 US 2009056570 W US2009056570 W US 2009056570W WO 2010030823 A1 WO2010030823 A1 WO 2010030823A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
species
bioreactor
biomass
algae
community
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/056570
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Anthony Michaels
Dave Caron
Original Assignee
Phycosystems Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phycosystems Inc. filed Critical Phycosystems Inc.
Publication of WO2010030823A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010030823A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/10—Protozoa; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P39/00—Processes involving microorganisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/40—Monitoring or fighting invasive species

Definitions

  • Microalgae are well known as some of the fastest growing autotrophic organisms and have been promoted as solutions for producing organic foods and renewable fuels. Most existing approaches emphasize selection of one or, at most, a few optimum strains based on growth rates and biochemical composition (e.g. oil content) and their incubation in defined,
  • Figure 1 A schematic diagram of multiple strains of algae for providing consistently high production rates of algae under any combination of conditions.
  • Figure 2. A schematic diagram of a bioreactor system according to the present invention used to hold the complex ecological community and to extract the biomass product produced by the system and method of the present invention.
  • the invention is a unique biological system comprised of a complex biological community that, by design, always has algae that grow rapidly and fill any ecological gaps that might compromise its growth. As conditions change, this designed, complex community substitutes new, better strains from a pool of rarer algae that are always present in the n background. Invasive algae become incorporated into the system as an improvement rather than a contaminant. Disease organisms that strike a single strain (like a virus) open up a niche and are replaced by a similar alga that was being out competed by the target of the disease.
  • the invention also provides a method for customizing the system for any specific bio-reactor and environmental setting.
  • a combination of .one or more algae such as Prymnesium, Dunaliella,
  • ⁇ 0 conditions for the algae in that water are called bioreactors and the present invention can function in any form of bioreactor in any environment through the customization process described herein.
  • the combination of algae, protists and bacteria includes organisms that are specifically selected to cover the range of conditions that are anticipated in the bioreactor and in alternate embodiments will also include some redundancy j c (organisms with similar strengths) and some generalists.
  • the community includes at least one species of algae (e.g. Prymnesium) that will grow well at the highest anticipated temperature, at least one species (e.g. Nitzschia) that grows well at the lowest anticipated temperature, at least one species (e.g. Dunaliella) that grows well at the initial nutrient concentration, at least one species (e.g.
  • Rhodomonas or Micromonas that grows well at relatively low nutrient concentrations and at least one species (e.g. Phaeocystis) that is known as a weedy, invasive species.
  • the mixture also includes at least one bacterium (e.g. Pseiidomonas) that efficiently converts dissolved organic matter to biomass or one bacterium (e.g. a different Pseudomonas species) that makes a critical organic nutrient such as a B vitamin.
  • the system includes one or more
  • heterotrophic protists to convert bacteria and ultra-small algae into larger biomass, one of which consumes planktonic species and the other a specialist which consumes surface dwelling species (e.g. Uronema and Euplotes).
  • a mixotroph such as Prymnesium is added to achieve these objectives in a single strain.
  • the mixture includes a blend of 10-15 species that are known to form large, dense algae blooms in natural settings that emulate the environmental ranges as seen in the bioreactor.
  • the mixture includes algae that produce allelopathic chemicals that slow the growth rates of its competitors. Some embodiments may include all of these species. Different species fill each role or other unique roles are presented by the basic condition in the bioreactor.
  • Figure 1 illustrates four algae that each have a specific, measurable growth response to light and nutrients.
  • Alga A grows well on high light and high nutrients and Alga D grows well on low light and low nutrients.
  • Alga B grows well in high nutrients, but is slowed when light is high (it is adapted to low light).
  • Alga C grows well in high light, but is adapted to low nutrients and grows slow when nutrients are high.
  • the complex ecosystem design of the present invention provides a new organism for each set of circumstances in the life of the community in the bioreactor so as to always have a fast growing total community.
  • the community includes strains that cover other environmental conditions that the bioreactor might encounter that would slow growth, including temperature, contaminants, trace metal presence, stresses of a pumping system or transport in tubes and bags, the presence of other organisms or allelopathic compounds and other conditions. These will be determined experimentally or by specific choice.
  • a bioreactor is a simple open topped water containing vessel that is of a selected size (from a few liters to many cubic kilometers) with a transparent or open top that allows most or all of the ambient sunlight to reach the surface of the water. Water is provided at a sufficient depth for the desired net biological production rate. Also included in the bioreactor is a predetermined supply of carbon dioxide and nutrients to ensure maximum growth for the intervals between sampling or nutrient supply. Preferably the bioreactor includes automated systems for the addition of carbon and nutrients to ensure an adequate supply of each.
  • the bioreactor circulates the water both vertically and horizontally to keep organisms suspended, providing reasonable access to light and keeping the nutrients well mixed into the surface layer.
  • the circulation mechanism comprises low-disturbance devices like paddles, or in the alternative pumps, to minimize disturbance to the organisms or to set a specific level of disturbance depending on the biological community.
  • a number of existing bioreactors are well known and are suitable for use in the present invention.
  • raceways are a type of open pond that uses an oval shape and paddlewheel system to move the water along a predetermined path. Such raceways are already in commercial use for culturing of Spirulina in California, Hawaii, Asia and elsewhere.
  • Open ponds are the simplest form of bioreactor.
  • Other more complex bioreactors can be utilized which are fully enclosed systems with tubes or bags holding the water and nutrients and managing light access.
  • the elements of the total system may include an algae bioreactor which is operatively connected to a dewatering system from which the dried algae biomass end product is extracted.
  • the actual physical location of the bioreactor must have known environmental conditions as these conditions affect the water in the incubator, both when it has little biomass and when it is near its peak biomass and relevant points in between.
  • the environmental conditions that must be considered include the following: the temperature patterns, evaporation patterns, the amount and variability of the light environment, the nature of the nutrient, trace metal and organic contaminant content of the source feed water and the composition of any carbon and nutrient feed-stocks.
  • data for all of the foregoing conditions and other relevant parameters are considered including hourly data for an entire year coupled with an understanding of how these data might vary with normal climate fluctuations.
  • the data can be compiled from any combination of measured, estimated and modeled results.
  • To these is added a database of the basic physiology and growth-rate characteristics of the microalgae, protists and bacteria used in the compositions. These data are derived from a combination of direct measurements, literature and first principles. Examples of suitable microalgae are Dunaliella, Phaeocystis, Prymnesium, Nitzschia, Emialiania, Spyrogyra and Rhodomonas.
  • heterotrophic protists are Uronema, Euplotes and Paraphysomonas.
  • suitable bacteria are Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Anabena, Spirulina and Pseudomonas.
  • the bioreactors are filled with either freshwater, brackish water or seawater of known composition.
  • Major and micro nutrients and carbon are added at the beginning and at preselected intervals thereafter.
  • major nutrients are nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, silicate and carbon dioxide.
  • micro-nutrients are iron, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, vitamins, etc. Carbon may be added in the form of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, carbonate and/or carbonic acid.
  • the bioreactor is provided with instrumentation to monitor the range of environmental conditions referred to above.
  • an iterative testing procedure is used. The same initial mix of species is added to multiple bioreactors for replication and verification of each combination of organisms. The combination of bioreactors is referred to as a bioreactor test set.
  • the mixed community of organisms is incubated in each bioreactor test set and its growth rate and species composition are monitored. Additional species are added to supplement conditions where the initial blend does not have one or more rapidly growing species. Species that disappear are noted. Particularly successful combinations are noted and new bioreactor test sets are started with those combinations. Some test sets are challenged by introducing new strains of opportunistic or invasive algae. This pattern is repeated iteratively to arrive at combinations of species that give rapid growth rates under varying conditions and are resistant to invasion by other opportunistic species.
  • the bioreactors can either be am in batch mode or in continuous mode with regular addition of new nutrients and continuous removal of biomass or a combination of the two.
  • the algae As the algae reach high levels of biomass, they are harvested in the dewatering system of Fig. 2 by one or more established techniques including coagulation, settling, centrifugation and filtration.
  • genetic modifications are made to some of the organisms to enhance a specific characteristic of their growth, such as using quorum sensing to cause the release of flocculants at appropriate concentrations to augment the concentration of the algae, the turning off or enhancement of specific physiologies like lipid or starch production or other characteristics of key elements of the community.
  • algae like Emiliania are added to the community in the bioreactor to make a calcium carbonate skeleton which can then be harvested separately as a carbon sequestration product.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de fabrication de grandes quantités de matières organiques à l'aide d'un mélange complexe de souches multiples de microalgues, de protistes, de bactéries et d'autres organismes pour créer une communauté écologique gérée à croissance rapide, uniforme, dans des conditions environnementales multiples ou variables, laquelle communauté est conçue pour être résistante à des insuffisances dues à une contamination ou une maladie. Le procédé est optimisé pour la fabrication par gazéification d'une charge d'alimentation pour des combustibles renouvelables et est également adaptable à la fabrication de biomasse pour d'autres combustibles à base de biomasse, de nourriture pour animaux, de nourriture pour poissons et d'autres applications nécessitant de grandes quantités de matières organiques de qualité.
PCT/US2009/056570 2008-09-10 2009-09-10 Communautés de microorganismes mélangés pour la fabrication de biomasse WO2010030823A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9593508P 2008-09-10 2008-09-10
US61/095,935 2008-09-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010030823A1 true WO2010030823A1 (fr) 2010-03-18

Family

ID=42005479

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/056570 WO2010030823A1 (fr) 2008-09-10 2009-09-10 Communautés de microorganismes mélangés pour la fabrication de biomasse

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2010030823A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9758756B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2017-09-12 Heliae Development Llc Method of culturing microorganisms using phototrophic and mixotrophic culture conditions
US10240120B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2019-03-26 Heliae Development Llc Balanced mixotrophy method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6593128B1 (en) * 1995-07-07 2003-07-15 Nutrinova Method for culturing ciliates
US20050273885A1 (en) * 2004-04-22 2005-12-08 Singh Surinder P Synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by recombinant cells
US20070048848A1 (en) * 2005-08-25 2007-03-01 Sunsource Industries Method, apparatus and system for biodiesel production from algae
US20070243572A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-10-18 Juan Keymer Interacting Microhabitat Array and Uses Thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6593128B1 (en) * 1995-07-07 2003-07-15 Nutrinova Method for culturing ciliates
US20050273885A1 (en) * 2004-04-22 2005-12-08 Singh Surinder P Synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by recombinant cells
US20070048848A1 (en) * 2005-08-25 2007-03-01 Sunsource Industries Method, apparatus and system for biodiesel production from algae
US20070243572A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-10-18 Juan Keymer Interacting Microhabitat Array and Uses Thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LI ET AL.: "Biofuels from Microalgae", BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS., vol. 24, no. ISS.4, 8 August 2008 (2008-08-08), pages 817 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9758756B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2017-09-12 Heliae Development Llc Method of culturing microorganisms using phototrophic and mixotrophic culture conditions
US10240120B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2019-03-26 Heliae Development Llc Balanced mixotrophy method

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Liu et al. Wastewater treatment using filamentous algae–a review
Lu et al. Bio-conversion of photosynthetic bacteria from non-toxic wastewater to realize wastewater treatment and bioresource recovery: a review
Vonshak Outdoor mass production of Spirulina: the basic concept
Oren Industrial and environmental applications of halophilic microorganisms
Addy et al. Co-cultivation of microalgae in aquaponic systems
Zamalloa et al. Anaerobic digestibility of Scenedesmus obliquus and Phaeodactylum tricornutum under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions
Shen et al. Microalgae mass production methods
Lee et al. Nitrogen removal from wastewaters by microalgae without consuming organic carbon sources
Arbib et al. Chlorella stigmatophora for urban wastewater nutrient removal and CO2 abatement
WO2009134114A1 (fr) Appareil de culture en masse de microalgues et procédé pour leur culture
AU2016216932A1 (en) Method for cultivating oysters on land
CN104611227B (zh) 一种耐受高ph的斜生栅藻及其选育方法
Jegathese et al. [Retracted] Microalgae as a Renewable Source of Energy: A Niche Opportunity
CN109626584A (zh) 一种微藻处理酱油废水的方法
Pinho et al. FLOCponics: The integration of biofloc technology with plant production
CN105331552B (zh) 一株高效脱氮不动杆菌新种及其应用
CN107287125A (zh) 一种蛋白核小球藻的培养方法
CN105543148B (zh) 一种利用蓝藻水华培育红假单胞菌属光合细菌的方法
Bhateria et al. Algae as biofuel
CN104521726B (zh) 一种利用沼液养殖的分级养殖装置及其养殖方法
Acevedo et al. Biomass production of Scenedesmus sp. and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in domestic wastewater
Marsh Small wonders: biomass from algae
CN107699519A (zh) 一株硫酸盐还原菌，分离鉴定方法及其应用
WO2010030823A1 (fr) Communautés de microorganismes mélangés pour la fabrication de biomasse
BRPI0708859A2 (pt) processo para crescimento de microorganismos em um sistema aberto e contÍnuo, processo para produÇço de microorganismos, processo para produzir biomassa e dispositivo de extraÇço para uso na produÇço de microorganismos e/ou biomassa

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09813634

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09813634

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1