WO2010023942A1 - タリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収方法及び回収装置 - Google Patents
タリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収方法及び回収装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010023942A1 WO2010023942A1 PCT/JP2009/004216 JP2009004216W WO2010023942A1 WO 2010023942 A1 WO2010023942 A1 WO 2010023942A1 JP 2009004216 W JP2009004216 W JP 2009004216W WO 2010023942 A1 WO2010023942 A1 WO 2010023942A1
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- thallium
- potassium nitrate
- aqueous solution
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- recovering
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 326
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 232
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- WKMKTIVRRLOHAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);thallium(1+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Tl+].[Tl+] WKMKTIVRRLOHAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910003438 thallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011034 membrane dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 potassium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 12
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003475 thallium Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YTQVHRVITVLIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-L thallium sulfate Chemical compound [Tl+].[Tl+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YTQVHRVITVLIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940119523 thallium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000374 thallium(I) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium monochloride Chemical compound [Tl]Cl GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/22—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of metals not provided for in groups C25C1/02 - C25C1/20
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/147—Microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
- B01D61/423—Electrodialysis comprising multiple electrodialysis steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/04—Apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thallium and potassium nitrate recovery method and recovery apparatus, and more particularly, recovers and effectively uses thallium (Tl), which is a rare metal, from thallium-containing potassium nitrate, and recovers and effectively uses potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ).
- Tl thallium
- KNO 3 potassium nitrate
- the present invention relates to a thallium and potassium nitrate recovery method and recovery apparatus suitable for use at the time.
- a chlorine bypass device is installed to remove volatile components such as chlorine contained in industrial waste.
- the chlorine bypass dust discharged from this chlorine bypass device contains useful heavy metals such as thallium. Therefore, in order to reuse it as a cement raw material again, these chlorine compounds are removed and useful as thallium and the like. Heavy metals need to be recovered.
- Patent Document 3 A method in which a metal dissolved in the waste water is precipitated as an oxide by applying a direct current to the waste water, and the metal oxide is separated from the waste water. According to this metal removal method, the metal contained in the wastewater can be efficiently removed, and the metal concentration in the wastewater can be significantly reduced. Therefore, there is an effect that the quality of the waste water can be improved to a state that sufficiently meets the waste water standard.
- the present invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, and without using the thallium-containing potassium nitrate as a waste, recovering and effectively using thallium, which is a rare metal contained in the thallium-containing potassium nitrate, It is an object of the present invention to provide a thallium and potassium nitrate recovery method and recovery apparatus that can recover and effectively use potassium nitrate contained in this thallium-containing potassium nitrate.
- the present invention provides the following thallium and potassium nitrate recovery method and recovery apparatus. That is, the method for recovering thallium and potassium nitrate according to the present invention is a method for recovering thallium and potassium nitrate from thallium-containing potassium nitrate, wherein the thallium-containing potassium nitrate is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, and a direct current is passed through the aqueous solution.
- the thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution is precipitated as metal thallium or thallium oxide, and the thallium recovery step for recovering the metal thallium or thallium oxide and the aqueous solution from which the thallium has been removed are concentrated to dissolve in the aqueous solution.
- thallium and potassium nitrate recovery method by applying a direct current to an aqueous solution containing thallium-containing potassium nitrate, thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution is precipitated as metal thallium or thallium oxide, and this metal thallium or thallium oxide is recovered. Thereafter, by concentrating the aqueous solution from which the thallium has been removed, potassium nitrate dissolved in the aqueous solution is precipitated as crystals, and the potassium nitrate crystals are recovered. Thereby, thallium and potassium nitrate contained in thallium-containing potassium nitrate can be efficiently recovered, and the recovered thallium and potassium nitrate can be effectively used.
- thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution as metallic thallium by maintaining the hydrogen ion concentration of the aqueous solution in which the thallium-containing potassium nitrate is dissolved to be less than 7. It is preferable to deposit thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution as thallium oxide by adding potassium halide to the aqueous solution in which the thallium-containing potassium nitrate is dissolved.
- the concentration is preferably performed using one or more of heating means, reverse osmosis membrane, and electrodialysis.
- the thallium and potassium nitrate recovery device of the present invention is a device for recovering thallium and potassium nitrate from thallium-containing potassium nitrate, wherein the thallium-containing potassium nitrate is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, and a direct current is passed through the aqueous solution.
- the electrolysis tank for depositing thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution as metal thallium or thallium oxide, the first separation and recovery means for separating and recovering the deposited metal thallium or thallium oxide, and the thallium were removed. It comprises a precipitation means for concentrating the aqueous solution and precipitating potassium nitrate dissolved in the aqueous solution as crystals, and a second separation and recovery means for separating and recovering the potassium nitrate crystals.
- the thallium-containing potassium nitrate aqueous solution obtained in the dissolution tank is put into an electrolysis tank, and a direct current is passed through the aqueous solution in the electrolysis tank, so that thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution is converted into metal thallium or It is deposited as thallium oxide, and the deposited metal thallium or thallium oxide is separated and recovered by the first separation and recovery means.
- the aqueous solution from which thallium has been removed is concentrated by a precipitation means, whereby potassium nitrate dissolved in the aqueous solution is precipitated as crystals, and the precipitated potassium nitrate crystals are separated and recovered by a second separation and recovery means.
- the precipitation means preferably includes any one or more of a heating means, a reverse osmosis membrane, and electrodialysis.
- thallium-containing potassium nitrate is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, and a direct current is applied to the aqueous solution to precipitate thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution as metal thallium or thallium oxide.
- the thallium and potassium nitrate recovery apparatus of the present invention by dissolving a thallium-containing potassium nitrate in water to form an aqueous solution, and by applying a direct current to the aqueous solution, the thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution is converted into metal thallium or Electrolysis tank for depositing as thallium oxide, first separation and recovery means for separating and recovering this deposited metal thallium or thallium oxide, and concentrating the aqueous solution from which this thallium has been removed, and using potassium nitrate dissolved in this aqueous solution as crystals Since the precipitation means for precipitating and the second separation and recovery means for separating and recovering the potassium nitrate crystals are provided, thallium and potassium nitrate contained in the thallium-containing potassium nitrate can be efficiently recovered with a simple device. Therefore, thallium and potassium nitrate recovered from thallium-containing potassium nitrate can be
- XRD powder X-ray-diffraction
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a thallium and potassium nitrate recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is an example of a device for recovering thallium (Tl) and potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) from thallium-containing potassium nitrate.
- This thallium and potassium nitrate recovery device is a dissolution tank 1 in which thallium-containing potassium nitrate is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, and high-temperature water vapor of 100 ° C. or higher is supplied to the water in order to heat the water in the dissolution tank 1
- the high-temperature steam supply pipe 2 to be stored, the electrolytic solution 3 for storing the aqueous solution, and applying a direct current to the aqueous solution to precipitate thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution as metal thallium or thallium oxide, and the electrolysis
- a direct current stabilizing power source 4 for supplying direct current to the aqueous solution in the tank 3, a solid-liquid separator (first separation and recovery means) 5 for separating and recovering metal thallium or thallium oxide deposited from the aqueous solution, and the thallium removed.
- the solid-liquid separator 5 may be anything as long as it can separate and recover metal thallium or thallium oxide. Examples thereof include a microfiltration device equipped with a microfiltration membrane (MF), a centrifugal separator, and the like.
- the crystal can 6 may be any means as long as it can precipitate the potassium nitrate dissolved in the aqueous solution by concentrating the aqueous solution from which thallium has been removed, and is therefore a means for concentrating the aqueous solution by heating.
- the high-temperature steam supply pipe 7 can be replaced with a reverse osmosis membrane or electrodialysis for concentrating the aqueous solution.
- the solid-liquid separator 8 may be any one that can separate and recover potassium nitrate, and examples thereof include a microfiltration device and a centrifugal separator.
- thallium and potassium nitrate recovery method of the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as “recovery method”) will be described with reference to FIG.
- recovery method of the present embodiment thallium-containing potassium nitrate is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, and a direct current is passed through the aqueous solution to precipitate thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution as metal thallium or thallium oxide.
- Thallium-containing potassium nitrate used in this recovery method is a nitrate containing 0.2 to 3 mass% of thallium in potassium nitrate, and the purity of potassium nitrate is generally 97 to 99.8 mass%.
- This potassium nitrate contains Na, Pb, Ca, Fe and the like as impurities.
- the amount of water input is limited as described above is that it is in a range sufficient to effectively precipitate thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution as metal thallium or thallium oxide when a direct current is applied to the aqueous solution. Because. Note that if the amount of water input is less than 2 times the mass of thallium-containing potassium nitrate, depending on the temperature, the entire amount of potassium nitrate may not dissolve, and the viscosity of the resulting aqueous solution increases, leading to the subsequent steps. This is not preferable because it is difficult to pump.
- Electrolysis of aqueous potassium nitrate containing thallium A potassium nitrate aqueous solution containing thallium is pumped from the dissolution tank 1 to the electrolysis tank 3, and the electrolysis tank 3 is electrolyzed by applying a direct current to the aqueous solution from the DC stabilizing power source 4 and dissolved in this aqueous solution.
- the thallium is deposited as metal thallium or thallium oxide.
- an acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or the like is added to the aqueous solution, and the pH (hydrogen ion concentration) of the aqueous solution is less than 7, preferably 4 or more and less than 7.
- the thallium dissolved in this aqueous solution can be deposited as metallic thallium.
- potassium halide such as potassium chloride
- thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution can be precipitated as thallium oxide.
- thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution can be precipitated in a state of either metal thallium or thallium oxide.
- Solid-liquid separation of thallium The aqueous solution in which the metal thallium or thallium oxide is precipitated is pumped to a solid-liquid separator (first separation and recovery means) 5, and the precipitated metal thallium or thallium oxide is separated from the aqueous solution and recovered.
- the purity of the metal thallium recovered here is about 97% by mass, and the purity of thallium oxide is about 97% by mass.
- Solid-liquid separation of potassium nitrate The aqueous solution in which the potassium nitrate is precipitated is pumped to a solid-liquid separator (second separation / recovery means) 8, and the precipitated potassium nitrate is separated from the aqueous solution and recovered.
- the purity of the potassium nitrate recovered here is about 97% by mass and contains about 0.05% by mass of metal thallium or thallium oxide.
- the waste water discharged from the solid-liquid separator 8 is sent to the crystal can 6 and reused, but may be discharged to the outside after performing a predetermined waste water treatment.
- thallium-containing potassium nitrate is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, and a direct current is passed through the aqueous solution, whereby thallium dissolved in the aqueous solution is obtained.
- the aqueous solution from which the thallium has been removed is concentrated to precipitate and recover potassium nitrate dissolved in the aqueous solution as crystals, so that thallium contained in thallium-containing potassium nitrate and Potassium nitrate can be recovered efficiently by a simple operation individually.
- thallium and potassium nitrate can be individually recovered from thallium-containing potassium nitrate, and these can be effectively used again.
- the thallium recovery step and the potassium nitrate recovery step can be performed continuously, the cost and time for recovering thallium and potassium nitrate can be kept low.
- a dissolution tank 1 for producing a thallium-containing potassium nitrate aqueous solution, a high-temperature steam supply pipe 2, and an electrolysis tank 3 for depositing metal thallium or thallium oxide from the aqueous solution; , DC stabilized power supply 4, solid-liquid separator 5 for separating and recovering metal thallium or thallium oxide, crystal can 6 for precipitating potassium nitrate in aqueous solution as crystals, high-temperature steam supply pipe 7, and potassium nitrate crystals are separated Since it comprises the solid-liquid separator 8 to be recovered, thallium and potassium nitrate contained in the thallium-containing potassium nitrate can be efficiently recovered with a simple device. Therefore, thallium and potassium nitrate recovered from thallium-containing potassium nitrate can be effectively used again. Moreover, since the structure of the apparatus is simple, the cost for recovering thallium and
- Example 1 1 kg of thallium-containing potassium nitrate containing 7210 mg / kg of thallium was added to 5 kg of water so that the mass ratio of thallium-containing potassium nitrate to water was 1: 5, and stirred to obtain a thallium-containing potassium nitrate aqueous solution.
- FIG. 2 shows a powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the precipitate of Example 1.
- the aqueous solution from which the metal thallium had been removed was put into the crystal can 6 and heated with high-temperature steam at 100 ° C. for 60 minutes to evaporate water, and concentrated until the volume of this aqueous solution became 1/10. Thereby, brown white fine crystals were precipitated in the aqueous solution.
- the aqueous solution in which the microcrystals were precipitated was subjected to solid-liquid separation using the solid-liquid separator 8, and the precipitated microcrystals were separated from the aqueous solution and collected.
- FIG. 3 shows a powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the microcrystals of Example 1.
- XRD powder X-ray diffraction
- Example 2 1 kg of thallium-containing potassium nitrate containing 7210 mg / kg of thallium was added to 5 kg of water so that the mass ratio of thallium-containing potassium nitrate to water was 1: 5, and stirred to obtain a thallium-containing potassium nitrate aqueous solution.
- hydrochloric acid was added to this aqueous solution of potassium nitrate containing thallium to maintain the pH of this aqueous solution at 5, and when this aqueous solution was electrolyzed by applying a direct current of 500 mA through a platinum electrode, a silver-colored precipitate was obtained. A product was formed. Next, the precipitate was recovered, and the precipitate was identified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and was confirmed to be metal thallium.
- XRD powder X-ray diffraction
- the aqueous solution from which the metal thallium had been removed was put into the crystal can 6 and heated with high-temperature steam at 100 ° C. for 60 minutes to evaporate water, and concentrated until the volume of this aqueous solution became 1/10. Thereby, brown white fine crystals were precipitated in the aqueous solution.
- the aqueous solution in which the microcrystals were precipitated was subjected to solid-liquid separation using the solid-liquid separator 8, and the precipitated microcrystals were separated from the aqueous solution and collected.
- the microcrystal was identified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was confirmed that the crystallite had good crystallinity.
- XRD powder X-ray diffraction
- the thallium content in the microcrystals was analyzed by IPC-AES, it was 965 mg / kg, and it was found that the thallium content was about 1/8 of the original thallium-containing potassium nitrate.
- Example 3 1 kg of thallium-containing potassium nitrate containing 7210 mg / kg of thallium was added to 5 kg of water so that the mass ratio of thallium-containing potassium nitrate to water was 1: 5, and stirred to obtain a thallium-containing potassium nitrate aqueous solution.
- FIG. 4 shows a powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the precipitate of Example 3.
- the aqueous solution from which thallium oxide had been removed was put into the crystal can 6 and heated with high-temperature steam at 100 ° C. for 60 minutes to evaporate water, and concentrated until the volume of this aqueous solution became 1/10. Thereby, brown white fine crystals were precipitated in the aqueous solution.
- the aqueous solution in which the microcrystals were precipitated was subjected to solid-liquid separation using the solid-liquid separator 8, and the precipitated microcrystals were separated from the aqueous solution and collected.
- the microcrystal was identified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was confirmed that the crystallite had good crystallinity.
- XRD powder X-ray diffraction
- the thallium content in the microcrystals was analyzed by IPC-AES, it was 755 mg / kg, and it was found that the thallium content was about 1/10 compared to the original thallium-containing potassium nitrate.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a change in the concentration of thallium according to the energization amount (C / L).
- A indicates electrolysis only by energization, and since electrolysis only by energization was performed without any particular action, the pH changed to acid over time, and thallium in the aqueous solution was inversely proportional to the energization amount. The concentration is decreasing.
- B shows electrolysis when potassium hydroxide is added during energization to maintain the pH at a weak alkali. Like A, the thallium concentration in the aqueous solution decreases in inverse proportion to the energization amount.
- C shows electrolysis when potassium chloride is added at the time of energization, no precipitation on the electrode is observed, and precipitation of brown tantalum oxide is observed.
- the aqueous solution is inversely proportional to the energization amount.
- the thallium concentration in the inside is decreasing.
- the thallium concentration in the aqueous solution decreases with increasing energization amount (C / L) in both cases of energization only, potassium hydroxide addition, and potassium chloride addition.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2008年8月29日に、日本に出願された特願2008-221212号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
ところで、この塩素バイパス装置から排出される塩素バイパスダストは、タリウム等の有用な重金属類を含んでいるので、再びセメント原料として再利用するには、これらの塩素化合物を取り除くとともに、タリウム等の有用な重金属類を回収する必要がある。
(1)タリウム含有原料を、硫酸と還元剤とを用いて還元浸出し、得られた浸出液を中和し濾別して、タリウム浸出液と中和澱物とを得、この中和澱物を塩酸に溶解した後、還元剤を添加し、生成した沈澱を固液分離することにより、タリウムを回収する方法(特許文献1)。
(2)タリウム含有物質を、酸化浸出し、固液分離してタリウム含有液を得、このタリウム含有液に還元剤及び塩素源を加えて塩化タリウム等を沈澱させ、この塩化タリウムを濃硫酸で加熱溶解して硫酸タリウム溶液を得、この硫酸タリウム溶液を還元することにより、金属タリウムを回収する方法(特許文献2)。
そこで、次の様な排水からの金属の除去方法が提案されている。
(3)排水に直流電流を通電することにより、この排水に溶存する金属を酸化物として析出させ、この金属酸化物を上記の排水から分離する方法(特許文献3)。
この金属の除去方法によれば、排水に含まれる金属を効率的に取り除くことができ、排水中の金属濃度を著しく低下させることができる。したがって、排水の水質を排水基準に十分適合した状態にまで向上させることができるという効果がある。
このように、タリウム含有硝酸カリウムについては、従来から資源として有効利用されておらず、また、有効利用するための方法についても殆どなされておらず、安全性を考慮した上で廃棄物として処理されているのが現状である。
すなわち、本発明のタリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収方法は、タリウム含有硝酸カリウムからタリウム及び硝酸カリウムを回収する方法であって、前記タリウム含有硝酸カリウムを水に溶解して水溶液とし、この水溶液に直流電流を通電することにより、この水溶液に溶存するタリウムを金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムとして析出させ、この金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムを回収するタリウム回収工程と、このタリウムが除去された水溶液を濃縮することにより、この水溶液に溶存する硝酸カリウムを結晶として析出させ、この硝酸カリウム結晶を回収する硝酸カリウム回収工程と、を有することを特徴とする。
これにより、タリウム含有硝酸カリウムに含まれるタリウム及び硝酸カリウムを効率的に回収することが可能になり、この回収されたタリウム及び硝酸カリウムを有効利用することが可能になる。
前記タリウム含有硝酸カリウムを溶解させた水溶液にカリウムハロゲン化物を加えることにより、この水溶液に溶存するタリウムを酸化タリウムとして析出させることが好ましい。
前記濃縮は、加熱手段、逆浸透膜、電気透析のいずれか1つ以上の手段を用いて行うことが好ましい。
また、このタリウムが除去された水溶液を析出手段にて濃縮することにより、この水溶液に溶存する硝酸カリウムを結晶として析出させ、この析出した硝酸カリウム結晶を第2の分離回収手段にて分離回収する。
これにより、簡単な装置で、タリウム含有硝酸カリウムに含まれるタリウム及び硝酸カリウムを効率的に回収することが可能になり、この回収されたタリウム及び硝酸カリウムを有効利用することが可能になる。
また、工程が簡素であるから、タリウム及び硝酸カリウムを回収するためのコスト及び時間も低く抑えることができる。
また、装置が簡素であるから、タリウム及び硝酸カリウムを回収するためのコストも低く抑えることができる。
なお、本形態は、発明の趣旨をより良く理解させるために具体的に説明するものであり、特に指定のない限り、本発明を限定するものではない。
結晶缶6としては、タリウムが除去された水溶液を濃縮することで、この水溶液に溶存する硝酸カリウムを結晶として析出させることができるものであればよく、したがって、水溶液を加熱濃縮するための手段である高温水蒸気供給用配管7は、水溶液を濃縮するための逆浸透膜あるいは電気透析に替えることもできる。また、これら高温水蒸気供給用配管7、逆浸透膜及び電気透析は、これらのうち2つまたは3つを同時に備えていてもよい。
固液分離機8としては、硝酸カリウムを分離回収することのできるものであればよく、例えば、精密濾過装置、遠心分離装置等が挙げられる。
本実施形態の回収方法は、タリウム含有硝酸カリウムを水に溶解して水溶液とし、この水溶液に直流電流を通電することにより、この水溶液に溶存するタリウムを金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムとして析出させ、この金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムを回収するタリウム回収工程と、このタリウムが除去された水溶液を濃縮することにより、この水溶液に溶存する硝酸カリウムを結晶として析出させ、この硝酸カリウム結晶を回収する硝酸カリウム回収工程と、を有する。
[タリウム回収工程]
「タリウム含有硝酸カリウム水溶液の調製」
溶解槽1に所定量の水、例えば、溶解するタリウム含有硝酸カリウムに対して2質量倍~10質量倍の水を投入し、この水に所定量のタリウム含有硝酸カリウムを投入し撹拌して、このタリウム含有硝酸カリウムを水に溶解させ、タリウム含有硝酸カリウム水溶液とする。
この水の温度は、タリウム含有硝酸カリウムが溶解する温度であればよく、10℃~50℃の範囲が好ましい。
なお、水の投入量がタリウム含有硝酸カリウムの2質量倍未満であると、温度によっては硝酸カリウムが全量溶解しない場合があり得るからであり、また、得られる水溶液の粘性が高くなり、後の工程へのポンプ輸送が難しくなるので好ましくない。一方、水の投入量がタリウム含有硝酸カリウムの10質量倍を超えると、水溶液中のタリウム及び硝酸カリウムの量が少なくなり、タリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収効率が低下することになるので、好ましくない。
タリウム含有硝酸カリウム水溶液を溶解槽1から電気分解槽3へポンプ輸送し、この電気分解槽3にて水溶液に直流安定化電源4により直流電流を通電して電気分解を行い、この水溶液中に溶解しているタリウムを金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムとして析出させる。
一方、上記の水溶液に、塩化カリウム等のカリウムハロゲン化物を添加すれば、この水溶液に溶存するタリウムを酸化タリウムとして析出させることができる。
このように、電気分解の際に、酸、カリウムハロゲン化物のいずれか1種を添加することにより、この水溶液に溶存するタリウムを金属タリウム、酸化タリウムのいずれかの状態で析出させることができる。
この金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムが析出した水溶液を固液分離機(第1の分離回収手段)5にポンプ輸送し、析出した金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムを水溶液から分離し回収する。
ここで回収された金属タリウムの純度は97質量%程度であり、また、酸化タリウムの純度は97質量%程度である。
「水溶液の加熱濃縮・晶析」
タリウムが除去された水溶液を結晶缶(析出手段)6に投入し、この水溶液を高温水蒸気供給用配管7から供給される100℃以上の高温水蒸気により加熱して水分を蒸発させることにより、濃縮・析出させる。
この濃縮の程度は、上記の水溶液中に過剰に含まれる硝酸カリウムが析出するまで濃縮する必要があり、上記の水溶液の温度にもよるが、概ね1/2~1/10まで濃縮することが好ましい。
この濃縮は、高温水蒸気による加熱の他、逆浸透膜や電気透析を用いても容易に行うことができる。また、これらのうち2つまたは3つを同時に行ってもよい。
この硝酸カリウムが析出した水溶液を固液分離機(第2の分離回収手段)8にポンプ輸送し、析出した硝酸カリウムを水溶液から分離し回収する。
ここで回収された硝酸カリウムの純度は97質量%程度であり、金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムを0.05質量%程度含んでいる。
この固液分離機8から排出される排水は、結晶缶6に送られて再利用されるが、所定の排水処理を施した後、外部へ排出されることもある。
また、タリウム回収工程と、硝酸カリウム回収工程とを続けて行うことができるので、タリウム及び硝酸カリウムを回収するためのコスト及び時間も低く抑えることができる。
また、装置の構成が簡単であるから、タリウム及び硝酸カリウムを回収するためのコストも低く抑えることができる。
タリウム含有硝酸カリウムと水との質量比が1:5になるように、タリウムを7210mg/kg含むタリウム含有硝酸カリウム1kgを水5kgに投入し、撹拌してタリウム含有硝酸カリウム水溶液を得た。
次いで、この析出物を回収し、この析出物の同定を粉末X線回折(XRD)により行ったところ、金属タリウムであることが確認された。図2に、実施例1の析出物の粉末X線回折(XRD)図形を示す。
次いで、この微結晶が析出した水溶液を固液分離機8を用いて固液分離し、析出した微結晶を水溶液から分離し回収した。
この微結晶中のタリウムの含有量をIPC-AESにより分析したところ、715mg/kgであり、当初のタリウム含有硝酸カリウムと比べてタリウムの含有量が約1/10になっていることが分かった。
タリウム含有硝酸カリウムと水との質量比が1:5になるように、タリウムを7210mg/kg含むタリウム含有硝酸カリウム1kgを水5kgに投入し、撹拌してタリウム含有硝酸カリウム水溶液を得た。
次いで、この析出物を回収し、この析出物の同定を粉末X線回折(XRD)により行ったところ、金属タリウムであることが確認された。
次いで、この微結晶が析出した水溶液を固液分離機8を用いて固液分離し、析出した微結晶を水溶液から分離し回収した。
この微結晶中のタリウムの含有量をIPC-AESにより分析したところ、965mg/kgであり、当初のタリウム含有硝酸カリウムと比べてタリウムの含有量が約1/8になっていることが分かった。
タリウム含有硝酸カリウムと水との質量比が1:5になるように、タリウムを7210mg/kg含むタリウム含有硝酸カリウム1kgを水5kgに投入し、撹拌してタリウム含有硝酸カリウム水溶液を得た。
次いで、この析出物を含む水溶液を固液分離機5を用いて固液分離し、析出物を水溶液から分離し回収した。
この析出物の同定を粉末X線回折(XRD)により行ったところ、酸化タリウムであることが確認された。図4に、実施例3の析出物の粉末X線回折(XRD)図形を示す。
次いで、この微結晶が析出した水溶液を固液分離機8を用いて固液分離し、析出した微結晶を水溶液から分離し回収した。
この微結晶中のタリウムの含有量をIPC-AESにより分析したところ、755mg/kgであり、当初のタリウム含有硝酸カリウムと比べてタリウムの含有量が約1/10になっていることが分かった。
図中、Aは通電のみによる電気分解を示すもので、特に何もせず通電のみによる電気分解を行ったために、時間の経過と共にpHが酸性に変化し、通電量に反比例して水溶液中のタリウム濃度が減少している。
Bは、通電時に水酸化カリウムを添加してpHを弱アルカリに維持した場合の電気分解を示すもので、Aと同様、通電量に反比例して水溶液中のタリウム濃度が減少している。
Cは、通電時に塩化カリウムを添加した場合の電気分解を示すもので、電極上への析出は認められず、茶色の酸化タンタルの沈澱が認められ、Aと同様、通電量に反比例して水溶液中のタリウム濃度が減少している。
このように、通電のみ、水酸化カリウム添加、塩化カリウム添加、のいずれの場合においても、通電量(C/L)の増加に伴って、水溶液中のタリウム濃度が減少していることが分かる。
2 高温水蒸気供給用配管
3 電気分解槽
4 直流安定化電源
5 固液分離機
6 結晶缶
7 高温水蒸気供給用配管
8 固液分離機
Claims (8)
- タリウム含有硝酸カリウムからタリウム及び硝酸カリウムを回収する方法であって、
前記タリウム含有硝酸カリウムを水に溶解して水溶液とし、この水溶液に直流電流を通電することにより、この水溶液に溶存するタリウムを金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムとして析出させ、この金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムを回収するタリウム回収工程と、
このタリウムが除去された水溶液を濃縮することにより、この水溶液に溶存する硝酸カリウムを結晶として析出させ、この硝酸カリウム結晶を回収する硝酸カリウム回収工程と、
を有することを特徴とするタリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収方法。 - 前記タリウム含有硝酸カリウムを溶解させた水溶液の水素イオン濃度を7未満に保持することにより、この水溶液に溶存するタリウムを金属タリウムとして析出させることを特徴とする請求項1記載のタリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収方法。
- 前記タリウム含有硝酸カリウムを溶解させた水溶液にカリウムハロゲン化物を加えることにより、この水溶液に溶存するタリウムを酸化タリウムとして析出させることを特徴とする請求項1記載のタリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収方法。
- 前記濃縮は、加熱手段、逆浸透膜、電気透析のいずれか1つ以上の手段を用いて行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載のタリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収方法。
- 前記濃縮は、加熱手段、逆浸透膜、電気透析のいずれか1つ以上の手段を用いて行うことを特徴とする請求項2記載のタリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収方法。
- 前記濃縮は、加熱手段、逆浸透膜、電気透析のいずれか1つ以上の手段を用いて行うことを特徴とする請求項3記載のタリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収方法。
- タリウム含有硝酸カリウムからタリウム及び硝酸カリウムを回収する装置であって、
前記タリウム含有硝酸カリウムを水に溶解して水溶液とする溶解槽と、
前記水溶液に直流電流を通電することにより、この水溶液に溶存するタリウムを金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムとして析出させる電気分解槽と、
この析出した金属タリウムまたは酸化タリウムを分離回収する第1の分離回収手段と、
このタリウムが除去された水溶液を濃縮し、この水溶液に溶存する硝酸カリウムを結晶として析出させる析出手段と、
この硝酸カリウム結晶を分離回収する第2の分離回収手段と、
を備えてなることを特徴とするタリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収装置。 - 前記析出手段は、加熱手段、逆浸透膜、電気透析のいずれか1つ以上を備えていることを特徴とする請求項7記載のタリウム及び硝酸カリウムの回収装置。
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JPS5693887A (en) * | 1979-12-27 | 1981-07-29 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Pecovery of tallium from lead electrolyte |
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KR101542287B1 (ko) | 2015-08-06 |
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CN102112662A (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
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