WO2010001998A1 - 配線構造、薄膜トランジスタ基板およびその製造方法、並びに表示装置 - Google Patents
配線構造、薄膜トランジスタ基板およびその製造方法、並びに表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010001998A1 WO2010001998A1 PCT/JP2009/062213 JP2009062213W WO2010001998A1 WO 2010001998 A1 WO2010001998 A1 WO 2010001998A1 JP 2009062213 W JP2009062213 W JP 2009062213W WO 2010001998 A1 WO2010001998 A1 WO 2010001998A1
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Images
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- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/53209—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides
- H01L23/53228—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides the principal metal being copper
- H01L23/53238—Additional layers associated with copper layers, e.g. adhesion, barrier, cladding layers
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
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- G02F1/136286—Wiring, e.g. gate line, drain line
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136286—Wiring, e.g. gate line, drain line
- G02F1/13629—Multilayer wirings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136286—Wiring, e.g. gate line, drain line
- G02F1/136295—Materials; Compositions; Manufacture processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/285—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
- H01L21/28506—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
- H01L21/28512—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L21/28525—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table the conductive layers comprising semiconducting material
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76841—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
- H01L21/76843—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers formed in openings in a dielectric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
- H01L27/124—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or layout of the wiring layers specially adapted to the circuit arrangement, e.g. scanning lines in LCD pixel circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/45—Ohmic electrodes
- H01L29/456—Ohmic electrodes on silicon
- H01L29/458—Ohmic electrodes on silicon for thin film silicon, e.g. source or drain electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flat panel display (display device) such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display; ULSI (ultra-large scale integrated circuit), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), FET (Field Effect Transistor), diode, or other semiconductor device.
- Applicable wiring structure The present invention relates to a thin film transistor substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device, and more particularly to a novel wiring structure including a pure Cu or Cu alloy film of Cu alloy as a wiring material.
- An active matrix liquid crystal display device such as a liquid crystal display uses a thin film transistor (hereinafter referred to as a TFT) as a switching element, a transparent pixel electrode, a wiring portion such as a gate wiring and source / drain wiring, and amorphous silicon.
- a TFT substrate having a semiconductor layer such as (a-Si) or polycrystalline silicon (p-Si); a counter substrate having a common electrode disposed opposite to the TFT substrate at a predetermined interval; and a TFT substrate. And a liquid crystal layer filled between the counter substrate and the counter substrate.
- Al alloys such as pure Al and Al—Nd are widely used as wiring materials such as gate wiring and source / drain wiring because of their low electrical resistivity and easy processing.
- problems such as RC delay of wiring (a phenomenon in which an electrical signal transmitted through the wiring is delayed) have become apparent, and the need for a wiring material with lower resistance is increasing.
- Cu alloys such as pure Cu or Cu—Ni, which have a lower electrical resistivity than Al-based alloys (hereinafter collectively referred to as Cu-based alloys).
- a barrier made of a refractory metal such as Mo, Cr, Ti, or W is provided between the Cu-based alloy wiring film (Cu-based alloy film) and the TFT semiconductor layer.
- a metal layer is usually provided. If the Cu-based alloy wiring film is brought into direct contact with the TFT semiconductor layer without using the barrier metal layer, a subsequent process (for example, a film forming process of an insulating layer formed on the TFT, heat treatment such as sintering and annealing, etc.) This is because Cu in the Cu-based alloy wiring film diffuses into the semiconductor layer due to the thermal history in the step), and the TFT characteristics deteriorate.
- a subsequent process for example, a film forming process of an insulating layer formed on the TFT, heat treatment such as sintering and annealing, etc.
- the current flowing through the TFT (off current when the switch is off and on current when the switch is on) is adversely affected, leading to an increase in the off current and a decrease in the on current. Responsiveness to electrical signals) is also reduced. Also, the contact resistance between the Cu-based alloy wiring film and the semiconductor layer may increase.
- the barrier metal layer is effective in suppressing interdiffusion between Cu and Si at the interface between the Cu-based alloy film and the semiconductor layer, but in order to form the barrier metal layer, the Cu-based alloy wiring is used.
- a film forming apparatus for forming the barrier metal is separately required. Specifically, a film forming apparatus (typically a cluster tool in which a plurality of film forming chambers are connected to a transfer chamber) each equipped with an extra film forming chamber for forming a barrier metal layer must be used. This causes an increase in manufacturing cost and a decrease in productivity.
- the metal used as the barrier metal layer and the Cu-based alloy have different processing speeds in processing steps such as wet etching using a chemical solution, it is extremely difficult to control the lateral processing dimensions in the processing steps. It becomes. Therefore, the formation of the barrier metal layer causes the process to be complicated not only from the viewpoint of film formation but also from the viewpoint of processing, leading to an increase in manufacturing cost and a decrease in productivity.
- a liquid crystal display device has been described as a representative example of the display device.
- the problem caused by the mutual diffusion of Cu and Si at the interface between the Cu-based alloy film and the semiconductor layer described above is the display device.
- it is not limited to semiconductor devices such as LSIs and FETs.
- LSI which is a typical example of a semiconductor device
- Cr or Cr is formed on the semiconductor layer or the insulator layer.
- a Cu-based alloy film is formed after a barrier metal layer such as Mo or TaN is formed.
- simplification of processes and reduction of costs are required.
- Patent Documents 7 to 9 disclose a technique using pure Al or Al alloy as a wiring material, which is not a Cu-based alloy, and the formation of a barrier metal layer can be omitted.
- a direct contact technique capable of directly contacting an Al-based alloy wiring used for a semiconductor layer with a semiconductor layer.
- Patent Document 9 is disclosed by the applicant of the present application, and is a material composed of a nitrogen-containing layer and an Al-based alloy film, and N (nitrogen) of the nitrogen-containing layer is bonded to Si of the semiconductor layer.
- a wiring structure is disclosed.
- This nitrogen-containing layer is considered to act as a barrier layer for preventing interdiffusion of Al and Si, and excellent TFT characteristics can be obtained without forming a barrier metal layer such as Mo as in the prior art. It is proved that.
- This nitrogen-containing layer can be easily formed by nitriding treatment such as plasma nitriding after forming the semiconductor layer and before forming the Al-based alloy film. There is also an advantage that no device is required.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-66423 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-196371 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-353222 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-133422 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-221940 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-166757 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-273109 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-3319 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-10801
- An object of the present invention is a direct contact technology capable of omitting a barrier metal layer between a Cu-based alloy wiring film of pure Cu or Cu alloy and a semiconductor layer, and in a wide process margin range, a Cu-based An object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of directly and reliably connecting an alloy wiring film to a semiconductor layer.
- a wiring structure including a semiconductor layer and a Cu-based alloy film of pure Cu or Cu alloy on a substrate in order from the substrate side, Between the semiconductor layer and the Cu-based alloy film, in order from the substrate side, A laminated structure of a (N, C, F) layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine, and a Cu—Si diffusion layer containing Cu and Si; and A wiring structure in which at least one element of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine contained in the (N, C, F) layer is bonded to Si contained in the semiconductor layer.
- the wiring structure is a wiring structure including a semiconductor layer and a Cu-based alloy film of pure Cu or Cu alloy on the substrate in order from the substrate side, Between the semiconductor layer and the Cu-based alloy film, in order from the substrate side, A laminated structure of a (N, C, F) layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine, and a Cu—Si diffusion layer containing Cu and Si; and It is preferable that any one of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine constituting the (N, C, F) layer has a wiring structure bonded to Si of the semiconductor layer.
- the Cu—Si diffusion layer is obtained by applying a thermal history after forming the (N, C, F) layer, the semiconductor layer, and the Cu-based alloy film in this order.
- [3] The wiring structure according to [1] or [2], wherein the semiconductor layer includes amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon.
- the semiconductor layer is preferably made of amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon.
- [4] A thin film transistor substrate comprising the wiring structure according to any one of [1] to [3].
- [5] A display device comprising the thin film transistor substrate according to [4].
- [6] The wiring structure according to any one of [1] to [3] constituting the display device or the semiconductor device.
- the manufacturing method of the thin-film transistor substrate which contains the 2nd process of forming a semiconductor layer in this order.
- the manufacturing method according to [7], wherein the first step is performed in a semiconductor layer forming apparatus.
- the manufacturing method according to [8], wherein the first step and the second step are continuously performed in the same semiconductor layer forming chamber.
- the first step includes a step of forming an (N, C, F) layer by plasma etching using a gas containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine.
- the first step is performed by plasma etching using a mixed gas of a gas containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine and a source gas used for forming a semiconductor layer ( The manufacturing method according to any one of [7] to [9], including a step of forming an N, C, F) layer.
- a direct contact technique capable of directly contacting a Cu-based alloy film of pure Cu or a Cu alloy with a semiconductor layer, which has TFT characteristics and a contact resistance between the Cu-based alloy film and the semiconductor layer.
- a technology with good productivity and a further expanded process margin.
- it is difficult to be affected by variations in various process conditions (such as variations in equipment performance, instability, unexpected contamination, and contamination that is difficult to control), and it is not necessary to manage extremely strict conditions. It is possible to provide technology that is not easily restricted.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a TFT according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the TFT according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1C is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the TFT according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a configuration of a TFT according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic process diagram for explaining the process of the wiring structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a process diagram for explaining each process of the wiring structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a TFT according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the TFT according to the first
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing a configuration of an LSI according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a process diagram illustrating each process of the wiring structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional TEM photograph of an interface between amorphous silicon and a Cu-based alloy film in Example 1.
- FIG. 8 is a process diagram for explaining the process of the TLM element prepared for examining the contact resistance between the Cu-based alloy film and the semiconductor layer (amorphous silicon).
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the electrode distance and the electrical resistance.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams for explaining the principle of contact resistance measurement by the TLM element.
- FIG. 11 is a process diagram for explaining a MOSFET manufacturing process.
- the present invention relates to a direct contact technique capable of directly contacting a Cu-based alloy film with a semiconductor layer.
- the wiring structure includes a laminated structure in which Cu—Si diffusion layers containing Cu and Si, which serve as a cover layer for protecting the nitrogen-containing layer from the atmosphere, are laminated.
- This Cu—Si diffusion layer is formed by a thermal history of about 150 ° C. or higher applied in the TFT manufacturing process after sequentially forming an (N, C, F) -containing layer, a semiconductor layer, and a Cu-based alloy film. It is constituted by Cu of the Cu-based alloy film and Si of the semiconductor layer.
- the applicant of the present application is a material comprising a nitrogen-containing layer and a Cu-based alloy film as a direct contact technique between a Cu-based alloy film and a semiconductor layer, and N (nitrogen) in the nitrogen-containing layer is a semiconductor.
- a wiring structure bonded to Si of the layer has already been disclosed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-265810, hereinafter referred to as related technology).
- the technology of the related art is substantially the same as the direct contact technology using the Al-based alloy described in Patent Document 9 described above except that the wiring material is a Cu-based alloy.
- the nitrogen-containing layer is considered to function as a barrier layer for preventing mutual diffusion of Cu and Si, and an excellent TFT without forming a barrier metal layer such as Mo as in the prior art. It has been demonstrated that the characteristics can be obtained.
- This nitrogen-containing layer can be easily formed by nitriding treatment such as plasma nitriding after forming the semiconductor layer and before forming the Cu-based alloy film. There is also an advantage that no device is required.
- the present inventor has made further studies mainly from the viewpoint of improving productivity, even after disclosing the related technology.
- a semiconductor layer forming chamber such as a plasma CVD apparatus (under vacuum)
- a semiconductor layer and a nitrogen-containing layer are formed therein, and then transferred to a dedicated chamber (under vacuum) for forming a Cu-based alloy film by sputtering or the like.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention does not directly form a Cu-based alloy film on the nitrogen-containing layer as in the related art, but as shown in the schematic process diagram of FIG.
- a characteristic feature is that, after a representative (N, C, F) layer is formed, a semiconductor layer is further formed on the (N, C, F) layer continuously in the same chamber. After performing this method, the Cu-based alloy film is then transferred to the Cu alloy film-dedicated chamber in the same manner as in the related art, and then the TFT is manufactured by a known method.
- the reason why the semiconductor layer is used in the present invention is mainly due to the simplification of the film forming process.
- a semiconductor layer (not a semiconductor layer that changes to a Cu—Si diffusion layer but a semiconductor layer formed on the TFT substrate) on the TFT substrate, (N, C, F) layer, Since a series of steps of forming a semiconductor layer can be performed continuously in the same chamber, there is no risk of exposure to the atmosphere.
- the wiring structure of the present invention obtained by the above method is different from the structure described in the related art.
- Cu and Si are formed on the (N, C, F) layer.
- a Cu—Si diffusion layer containing Cu is laminated.
- This Cu—Si diffusion layer is formed by the thermal history applied in the TFT manufacturing process after the (N, C, F) layer, the semiconductor layer, and the Cu-based alloy film are sequentially formed.
- Cu in the Cu-based alloy film is diffused into Si in the semiconductor layer by heat treatment at a temperature of 0 ° C. or higher (preferably 180 ° C. or higher).
- the Cu—Si diffusion layer thus obtained is composed of Cu of the Cu-based alloy film and Si of the semiconductor layer, and has a role as a cover layer for protecting the (N, C, F) layer from the atmosphere. ing.
- the Cu—Si diffusion layer may be formed directly on the (N, C, F) layer as shown in Example 1 and FIG. 1A described later, but is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional TEM photograph (300,000 times and 1,500,000 times) of Example 1 (this example) described later, continuously between the semiconductor layer (a-Si) and the Cu-based alloy film. A thin layer (about 10 nm in this case) of the Cu—Si diffusion layer is formed.
- a-Si semiconductor layer
- Cu-based alloy film a thin layer (about 10 nm in this case) of the Cu—Si diffusion layer is formed.
- an (N, C, F) layer is disclosed as a barrier layer having an effect of preventing mutual diffusion of Cu and Si.
- a nitrogen-containing layer is disclosed as a barrier layer for preventing interdiffusion of Cu and Si, but the above-described action is not limited to the nitrogen-containing layer, but includes carbon and fluorine, as a result of subsequent research by the present inventors.
- the layer can also exert the same action, more specifically, all the (N, C, F) layers containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine all contain nitrogen Experiments have confirmed that results similar to those of the layer are obtained.
- the technology of the related art is further developed in that the (N, C, F) layer is used as the barrier layer.
- the technique of the present invention is extremely useful as an interdiffusion prevention technique for Cu and Si at the interface between the Cu-based alloy film and the semiconductor layer, and is not limited to a display device such as a liquid crystal display device, but can be used for LSI, FET, etc. It was also found that it can be applied to a semiconductor layer device.
- Patent Document 9 As described above, the present invention is an improvement of the related art, and the nitrogen-containing layer characterizing the related art is described in detail in the above-mentioned Patent Document 9, and part of the laminated structure and part of the manufacturing method are patented. It overlaps with Reference 9. In this specification, differences from Patent Document 9 will be described with particular emphasis and may be summarized without detailed description of overlapping portions (for example, a method for forming a nitrogen-containing layer). For details of the overlapping portion, Patent Document 9 may be referred to.
- the wiring structure of the present invention is a wiring structure including a semiconductor layer and a Cu-based alloy film of pure Cu or Cu alloy on the substrate in order from the substrate side, and includes a semiconductor layer and a Cu-based alloy film.
- An (N, C, F) layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine, and a Cu—Si diffusion layer containing Cu and Si in order from the substrate side Includes a laminated structure.
- Such a laminated structure may be provided at least between the semiconductor layer and the Cu-based alloy film. For example, as shown in FIGS.
- the above laminated structure is provided directly on the semiconductor layer. You may do it. That is, the wiring structure of the present invention may have a plurality of the (N, C, F) layers. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a semiconductor layer, an (N, C, F) layer, and a semiconductor layer are provided in this order from the substrate side, and the stacked structure is provided thereon. Embodiments are also encompassed within the scope of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
- a Cu—Si diffusion layer is provided on the (N, C, F) layer.
- This Cu—Si diffusion layer may be, for example, directly (immediately above) the (N, C, F) layer (see Example 1 and FIG. 1A).
- Such a Cu—Si diffusion layer is obtained by forming a (N, C, F) layer, a semiconductor layer, and a Cu-based alloy film in this order, and then applying a thermal history of about 150 ° C. or higher. is there.
- TFT embodiments 1 and 2 will be described as a typical example of a display device to which the laminated structure of the present invention is applied, and MOSFET embodiment 3 will be described as a typical example of a semiconductor layer.
- the present invention is not limited thereto. is not.
- the type of the semiconductor layer may be either amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon.
- a semiconductor layer formed on the (N, C, F) layer and finally the (N, C, F) layer is protected from the atmosphere by the subsequent thermal history.
- the former semiconductor layer that can act as a protective layer is referred to as a “second semiconductor layer.
- the latter semiconductor layer may be referred to as a “first semiconductor layer”.
- FIG. 1A A first embodiment of a TFT according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 1A has a first semiconductor layer on a TFT substrate, and has a two-layer laminated structure including an (N, C, F) layer and a Cu—Si diffusion layer directly on the first semiconductor layer. It has a structure in which a Cu-based alloy layer is directly formed thereon.
- the structure of FIG. 1A is obtained by forming a (N, C, F) layer, then forming a second semiconductor layer, then a Cu-based alloy layer, and then applying a thermal history of about 150 ° C. or higher. For example, it can be obtained by the method of Example 1 described later.
- the (N, C, F) layer constituting the wiring structure contains any element of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine. Since the (N, C, F) layer is formed so as to substantially cover the entire surface of the semiconductor layer, a barrier for preventing mutual diffusion of Cu and Si at the interface between the Cu-based alloy and the semiconductor layer. It works as effectively.
- a nitrogen-containing layer is preferable. Specifically, nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine constituting the above layer are bonded to Si of the semiconductor layer and mainly contain Si nitride, Si carbide, and Si fluoride. In addition to these, an oxygen oxynitride compound containing oxygen may also be included. Si oxynitride or the like is obtained by, for example, combining with oxygen (O) that is inevitably introduced in the formation process of the nitrogen-containing layer.
- the sum of the surface densities of nitrogen atoms, carbon atoms, and fluorine atoms contained in the (N, C, F) layer is the same as the surface density of effective bonds of the semiconductor layer material (typically Si), It is preferable to have a surface density higher than that of the effective bond.
- the surface of the semiconductor layer is covered with an (N, C, F) layer such as a nitrogen-containing layer. There is a need. In this case, dangling bonds existing on the surface of the semiconductor layer are preferably bonded to each element constituting the layer.
- Effective bond means a bond that can be arranged on the surface of the semiconductor layer in consideration of steric hindrance of nitrogen atom, carbon atom or fluorine atom, and “effective bond area density”
- the surface density of the effective bond varies depending on the type of semiconductor material, but in the case of silicon, for example, it varies slightly depending on the crystal plane orientation, but is generally in the range of 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 to 2 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 2 . Is in.
- the nitrogen of the nitrogen-containing layer preferably has an area density (N1) of 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 or more and 2 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 2 or less at the interface in contact with the semiconductor layer.
- N1 area density
- the lower limit of the surface density of nitrogen is more preferably 2 ⁇ 10 14 cm -2, even more preferred 4 ⁇ 10 14 cm -2.
- the carbon of the carbon-containing layer at the interface in contact with the semiconductor layer preferably has a 10 14 cm -2 or more 2 ⁇ 10 16 cm -2 or less of the surface density (C1), 2 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 or more is more preferable, and 4 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 or more is even more preferable.
- fluorine of the fluorine-containing layer preferably has an area density (F1) of 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 or more and 2 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 2 or less at the interface in contact with the semiconductor layer. 2 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 or more is more preferable, and 4 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 or more is even more preferable.
- the (N, C, F) layer may have at least one layer containing a Si—N bond, a Si—C bond, and a Si—F bond.
- the distance (atomic spacing) between Si and N in the Si—N bond is about 0.18 nm
- the nitrogen-containing layer is substantially preferably 0.2 nm or more, and more preferably 0.3 nm or more.
- the upper limit of the surface density of nitrogen in the nitrogen-containing layer is more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 2 .
- the distance (atomic spacing) between Si and C in the Si—C bond is about 0.19 nm
- the carbon-containing layer is substantially preferably 0.2 mm or more, more preferably 0.3 nm or more. preferable.
- the upper limit of the surface density of carbon in the carbon-containing layer is more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 2 .
- the distance (atomic spacing) between Si and F in the Si—F bond is about 0.16 nm
- the fluorine-containing layer is preferably preferably 0.18 nm or more, more preferably 0.25 nm or more. preferable.
- the upper limit of the surface density of fluorine in the fluorine-containing layer is more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 2 .
- the (N, C, F) layer contains an oxygen-containing compound such as Si oxynitride (for example, when it further contains Si oxide in addition to Si nitride), the above
- the total area density of each element constituting the layer satisfies the above requirements, and the ratio of the area density (N1, C1, F1) of each element to the area density of oxygen (O1) (N1 + C1 + F1) / O1 is preferably 1.0 or more, which further enhances TFT characteristics.
- Nitrogen-containing compounds such as Si nitride and oxygen-containing compounds such as Si oxynitride are inherently insulators, but the thickness of the (N, C, F) layer is generally as described later. , 0.18 nm or more and 5 nm or less, so that the electrical resistance can be kept low.
- the TFT characteristics are affected by the ratio of (N1 + C1 + F1) / O1, and in order to obtain more excellent TFT characteristics, the ratio of (N1 + C1 + F1 / O1) is as large as 1.0 or more. It turned out to be good.
- the ratio of (N1 + C1 + F1) / O1 is preferably as large as possible.
- the ratio is more preferably 1.05 or more, and further preferably 1.1 or more.
- the ratio of (N1 + C1 + F1) / O1 is adjusted, for example, by appropriately controlling plasma generation conditions such as plasma gas pressure, gas composition, and processing temperature when forming a nitrogen-containing layer using plasma nitriding. Can do.
- N1, carbon surface density (C1), fluorine surface density (F1), and oxygen surface density (O1) of the (N, C, F) layer are, for example, RBS (Rutherford Backscattering). (Spectrometry, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy).
- the thickness of the layer is preferably in the range of about 0.18 nm to 5 nm.
- the (N, C, F) layer is useful as a barrier layer for preventing mutual diffusion of Cu and Si at the interface between the Cu-based alloy layer and the semiconductor layer.
- F) layer tends to be an insulator, and if it is too thick, the electrical resistance becomes extremely high and the TFT performance deteriorates.
- the thickness of the (N, C, F) layer is generally more preferably 3 nm or less, further preferably 2 nm or less, and even more preferably 1 nm or less.
- the thickness of the (N, C, F) layer can be determined by various physical analysis techniques. For example, in addition to the RBS method described above, XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) method, SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) ) Method, GD-OES (High Frequency Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy) method and the like can be used.
- the maximum value of the ratio between the number of atoms of each element constituting the (N, C, F) layer and the number of Si atoms is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5. Thereby, the barrier action by the (N, C, F) layer can be effectively exhibited without deteriorating the TFT characteristics.
- the maximum value of the ratio is more preferably 0.6 or more, and further preferably 0.7 or more.
- the above ratio can be adjusted, for example, by controlling the plasma irradiation time within a range of about 5 seconds to 10 minutes.
- the above ratio is calculated by analyzing elements (N, C, F, and Si) in the depth direction of the (N, C, F) layer by the RBS method.
- the above (N, C, F) layer after the semiconductor layer is formed, at least one of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine may be supplied to the surface of the semiconductor layer.
- the above layer can be formed using plasma containing any of these.
- the nitrogen-containing layer may be formed using a thermal nitriding method or an amination method.
- Patent Document 9 may be referred to.
- a gas containing at least one of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine can be used.
- gases include nitrogen-containing gases such as N 2 , NH 3 , N 2 O, and NO; nitrogen / fluorine-containing gases such as NF 3 ; CO, CO 2 , hydrocarbon-based gases (for example, CH 4 , C 2 Carbon-containing gases such as H 4 and C 2 H 2 ); fluorine-containing gases (for example, CF 4 and C 4 F 8 ), carbon / fluorine-containing gases such as CHF 3, and the like. These gases can be used alone or as a mixed gas.
- a method for supplying at least one of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine from the plasma source containing the gas to the surface of the semiconductor layer for example, a method in which a semiconductor layer is installed in the vicinity of the plasma source can be mentioned.
- the distance between the plasma source and the semiconductor layer may be appropriately set according to various parameters such as plasma type, plasma generation power, pressure, temperature, etc., but generally several cm from the state of contact with the plasma. A distance of up to 10 cm can be used.
- In the vicinity of such plasma there are atoms with high energy.
- nitrogen, carbon, fluorine, etc. to the semiconductor layer surface by this high energy, nitride, carbide, fluoride, etc. are supplied to the semiconductor surface. Can be formed.
- an ion implantation method may be used.
- ions are accelerated by an electric field and can be moved over a long distance, so that the distance between the plasma source and the semiconductor layer can be arbitrarily set.
- This method can be realized by using a dedicated ion implantation apparatus, but a plasma ion implantation method is preferably used.
- the plasma ion implantation method is a technique for uniformly performing ion implantation by applying a negative high voltage pulse to a semiconductor layer installed in the vicinity of plasma.
- the apparatus, chamber, temperature, and gas composition used for forming the layer are as follows. Control is preferably performed.
- the apparatus is preferably performed in the same apparatus as the semiconductor layer forming apparatus, and more preferably in the same chamber of the same apparatus. This eliminates the need for extra work to be processed between devices or between devices.
- the temperature it is preferable to carry out at substantially the same temperature as the semiconductor layer deposition temperature (which may include a range of about ⁇ 10 ° C.), whereby the adjustment time associated with temperature fluctuations can be omitted.
- (I) a gas containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine (the nitrogen-containing gas, the carbon-containing gas, the fluorine-containing gas, etc. described above) is used.
- (N, C, F) layer may be formed, or
- (II) a gas containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine, and a raw material used for forming the semiconductor layer (N, C, F) layer may be formed using a mixed gas with gas, or
- the (N, C, F) layer may be formed using a mixed gas with a reducing gas.
- a nitrogen-containing layer when forming a nitrogen-containing layer, it may be performed using only a nitrogen-containing gas (N 2 , NH 3 , NF 3, etc.) containing at least nitrogen as in (I) above, but the above (II) As described above, a mixed gas of a nitrogen-containing gas and a raw material gas (SiH 4 ) used for forming the semiconductor layer is preferable.
- a nitrogen-containing layer is formed using only a nitrogen-containing gas, it is necessary to temporarily remove all the semiconductor layer forming gas used in order to purge the inside of the chamber after the formation of the semiconductor layer. If it is performed under the condition of gas, it is not necessary to eliminate the gas, so that the processing time can be shortened.
- a gas containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine hereinafter abbreviated as “(N, C, F) gas”, particularly a nitrogen-containing gas
- the flow rate ratio ((N, C, F) gas / semiconductor source gas) to the source gas used for forming the semiconductor layer is preferably controlled to 0.10 or more and 15 or less. In this case, the effect of shortening the processing time can be effectively exhibited, and the insulating properties of the barrier layer can be improved to prevent the TFT characteristics (on current / off current) from being lowered and the contact resistance from being raised.
- a more preferable flow rate ratio of ((N, C, F) gas / semiconductor source gas) is 0.3 or more and 10 or less, and a more preferable flow rate ratio is 0.5 or more and 7 or less.
- the gas composition is preferably a mixed gas of the nitrogen-containing gas and the reducing element-containing gas described above as described in (III) above, so that the oxidation of the semiconductor layer can be more effectively suppressed.
- the reducing element include NH 3 and H 2 .
- NH 3 not only has a reducing action but also acts as a nitrogen-containing gas, so it can be used alone or in combination with H 2 .
- the Cu-based alloy film used in the present invention will be described.
- the Cu-based alloy film may be formed by a sputtering method.
- it can be formed using a single sputtering target and a single sputtering gas.
- the type of the Cu-based alloy film used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a pure Cu film that is usually used as a wiring material for source / drain wirings is used as it is unless it adversely affects electrical characteristics such as TFT characteristics. be able to.
- At least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ir, Ge, Nb, Cr, and rare earth elements (group X) is used as the wiring material.
- a Cu—X alloy film containing may be used.
- the content of elements belonging to Group X is preferably in the range of about 0.01 atomic% to 3 atomic%. If the content of the element belonging to Group X is less than 0.01 atomic%, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3 atomic%, the electrical resistivity of the Cu-X alloy thin film becomes extremely high, the response speed of the pixel is slowed down, the power consumption increases, the quality of the display decreases, and it can be put to practical use. Disappear.
- the content of elements belonging to Group X is preferably 0.05 atomic percent or more and 2.0 atomic percent or less.
- the thickness of the Cu-based alloy film can be appropriately adjusted according to the required TFT characteristics, but is generally preferably 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 nm to 800 nm, and still more preferably 50 nm. ⁇ 600 nm.
- the thickness of the Cu—Si diffusion layer can be appropriately adjusted according to the required TFT characteristics, etc., as described above, but is generally preferably in the range of 0.2 nm to 200 nm. More preferably, it is in the range of 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less. Specifically, the upper limit is about 200 nm, based on the idea that it should be thicker than the thickness corresponding to one layer of Cu—Si atoms (about 0.2 nm) and should be as thin as possible from the viewpoint of TFT manufacturing. I made it.
- the semiconductor layer used in the present invention is preferably amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon.
- the semiconductor layer contains impurities (dopants) commonly used in the semiconductor field such as P, As, Sb, B, etc.
- the total atomic concentration is preferably 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the contact resistance can be further reduced.
- the above-mentioned atomic concentration is about 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or less and no dopant is contained, good TFT characteristics can be obtained without greatly increasing the contact resistance. In this case, since no doping gas is used, there is an advantage that costs and manufacturing steps can be omitted.
- the preferred thickness of the semiconductor layer is 0.2 nm to 1 ⁇ m, which corresponds approximately to the silicon atomic layer.
- the thickness of the semiconductor layer is more preferably 0.5 nm to 500 nm, and further preferably 1 nm to 300 nm.
- FIG. 1A The embodiment of FIG. 1A has been described in detail above.
- the first semiconductor layer in FIG. 1B contains, in order from the substrate side, an undoped amorphous silicon film (a-Si—H) that does not contain impurities such as P, As, Sb, and B, and the impurities described above. It is composed of a doped low-resistance amorphous silicon film (n + a-Si—H), and can be obtained, for example, by the method of Example 1 described later.
- a-Si—H undoped amorphous silicon film
- n + a-Si—H doped low-resistance amorphous silicon film
- 1C does not include the low-resistance amorphous silicon film (n + a-Si—H), and is composed only of the undoped amorphous silicon film (a-Si—H).
- a nitrogen-containing layer, a second semiconductor layer, and a Cu-based alloy layer are sequentially formed directly on the first semiconductor layer that does not have the low-resistance amorphous silicon film (n + a-Si—H). Even so, it has been confirmed by experiments that a desired Cu—Si diffusion layer can be obtained (see Examples described later).
- the film forming process can be further simplified because it is not necessary to form a low-resistance amorphous silicon film (n + a-Si—H) doped with impurities such as phosphorus.
- the second semiconductor layer formed on the nitrogen-containing layer is made of only a low-resistance amorphous silicon film containing an impurity such as P as shown in Example 1 described later. It may be configured, or may be configured by a non-doped amorphous silicon film and the above-described low-resistance amorphous silicon film, and any aspect may be included.
- the low resistance amorphous silicon film is formed, for example, by performing plasma CVD using SiH 4 and PH 3 as raw materials.
- the second embodiment of the TFT according to the present invention includes a first semiconductor layer, (N, N) between the nitrogen-containing layer constituting the two-layer stacked structure in the first embodiment and the TFT substrate.
- This is an example having a C, F) layer and a first semiconductor layer.
- a first semiconductor layer, an (N, C, F) layer, and a first semiconductor layer are provided on a TFT substrate, and (N, C) is directly formed thereon.
- F) layer and a Cu—Si diffusion layer, and a Cu-based alloy layer is directly formed thereon.
- the structure of FIG. 2 is obtained, for example, by the method of Example 2 described later. Other conditions, characteristics, and the like are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 A third embodiment of a MOSFET according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 has a two-layer laminated structure consisting of an (N, C, F) layer and a Cu—Si diffusion layer directly on single-crystal Si, and a Cu-based alloy layer is directly formed thereon. It has a formed structure.
- Such a structure is formed by the process shown in FIG. That is, (N, C, F) gas (preferably nitrogen) is implanted into the single crystal Si substrate by ion implantation or the like. At this time, the injected (N, C, F) gas (preferably nitrogen) has a Gaussian distribution in the depth direction around a certain depth (called a range).
- a part of Si becomes amorphous due to damage of the implanted (N, C, F) gas (preferably nitrogen).
- a Cu-based alloy film is formed by sputtering and plating, and then subjected to a heat treatment such as annealing to obtain a Cu-based alloy film / Cu—Si diffusion layer / (N, C, F) layer (preferably a nitrogen-containing layer). / Single crystal Si structure is formed.
- Other conditions, characteristics, and the like are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1C shows a fourth embodiment of a MOSFET according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1C shows a first semiconductor layer, an (N, C, F) layer, and a first semiconductor layer between the nitrogen-containing layer constituting the two-layer laminated structure in the first embodiment and the TFT substrate. It is an example which has.
- the TFT substrate has a two-layered structure including a first semiconductor layer, an (N, C, F) layer, and a Cu—Si diffusion layer, It has a structure in which a Cu-based alloy layer is directly formed thereon.
- the first semiconductor layer is not doped with impurities (P).
- P impurities
- Example 1C is obtained by, for example, the same method as that of Example 1 described later. At this time, after forming a non-doped amorphous silicon film, plasma is generated by continuously supplying only nitrogen gas in the same chamber, and the surface of the amorphous silicon film is treated with nitrogen plasma for 30 seconds to contain nitrogen. A layer was formed. Other conditions, characteristics, and the like are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
- the above embodiment has the same wiring structure as the first embodiment of the TFT described above.
- the embodiment of the MOSFET is not limited to the above, and for example, substantially the same structure as that of the first and second embodiments of the TFT described above can be adopted.
- MOSFET Metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor
- a gate insulating film is formed on a single crystal p-type Si substrate by thermal oxidation or the like (FIG. 11a).
- a P-doped polysilicon film is formed by CVD or the like (FIG. 11b).
- the resist is patterned by lithography (FIG. 11c).
- the polysilicon is etched by dry etching (FIG. 11d).
- As is implanted into the substrate by ion implantation or the like, and activation annealing is performed to form a source-drain region (FIG. 11e).
- an interlayer insulating film is formed by CVD or the like (FIG. 11f).
- contact holes for connecting a metal wiring film (Cu-based alloy film) to the source-drain regions are formed (FIG. 11h).
- a structure of Cu-based alloy film / Cu—Si diffusion layer / nitrogen-containing layer / single crystal Si is formed through the process shown in FIG. That is, nitrogen is implanted into the substrate by an ion implantation method or the like. At this time, the implanted nitrogen has a depth direction distribution with a Gaussian distribution around a certain depth (called a range). A part of Si becomes amorphous due to the damage of the implanted nitrogen (FIG. 11i).
- a Cu-based alloy film is formed by sputtering and plating (FIG. 11j), and CMP (Chemical Mechanical) is formed. Polishing is performed to form a wiring pattern. Finally, annealing is performed to obtain a MOSFET having a Cu—Si diffusion layer (FIG. 11k).
- Example 1 is an example having the wiring structure of the first embodiment described above (see FIG. 1A), and Cu-0.3 atomic% Ni was used as a wiring material constituting the source / drain electrodes.
- Example 1 The manufacturing method of Example 1 will be described with reference to each process chart of FIG.
- a Cu alloy thin film (Cu-0.3 atomic% Ni) having a film thickness of about 200 nm was formed on a glass substrate by a sputtering method (FIG. 4a).
- the film formation temperature of sputtering was room temperature.
- the Cu-based alloy thin film was etched using the resist as a mask to form a gate electrode (FIG. 4c).
- a silicon nitride film (SiN) having a film thickness of about 200 nm was formed by plasma CVD method to form a gate insulating film (FIG. 4d).
- the film formation temperature in the plasma CVD method was about 350 ° C.
- a non-doped amorphous silicon film [ ⁇ -Si (i)] having a thickness of about 200 nm and a low-resistance amorphous silicon film [ ⁇ -Si (] having a thickness of about 40 nm doped with impurities (P) are used.
- n)] were sequentially formed (FIGS. 4e and 4f).
- This low-resistance amorphous silicon film [ ⁇ -Si (n)] was formed by performing plasma CVD using SiH 4 and PH 3 as raw materials.
- the film formation temperature of plasma CVD was 320 ° C.
- a low-resistance amorphous silicon film [ ⁇ -Si (n)] doped with impurities (P) was continuously formed again without being taken out from the CVD apparatus.
- the film thickness of the low resistance amorphous silicon film was about 10 nm (FIG. 4h).
- a Cu-based alloy film (Cu-0.3 atomic% Ni) having a film thickness of about 300 nm was formed thereon using a sputtering method (FIG. 4i).
- the film formation temperature of sputtering was room temperature.
- the Cu-based alloy film was etched using the resist as a mask to form a source electrode and a drain electrode as shown in FIG. 4j. Further, using the source electrode and the drain electrode as a mask, the low-resistance amorphous silicon film [ ⁇ -Si (n)] is completely removed by dry etching (FIG. 4k), and Cu between the nitrogen-containing layer and the Cu-based alloy film is removed.
- a TFT having a Si diffusion layer was formed (FIG. 4l). The thickness of the Cu—Si diffusion layer was about 10 nm.
- a drain current and a gate voltage were measured using a TFT having a gate length (L) of 10 ⁇ m, a gate width (W) of 100 ⁇ m, and a W / L ratio of 10.
- the drain voltage at the time of measurement was 10V.
- the off current was defined as the current when the gate voltage (-3V) was applied, and the on current was defined as the voltage when the gate voltage was 20V.
- the TFT of Example 1 was annealed at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then the off current and the on current were measured. As a result, the off current was 3.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 13 A and the on current was 1 It was 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 A.
- a TFT was fabricated in the same manner as described above using a conventional source-drain electrode composed of a pure Cu thin film and a Mo barrier metal layer, and the TFT characteristics were measured. As a result, the off current of Conventional Example 1 was 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 13 A and the on current was 1.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 A. These results are shown in Table 1.
- the TFT of Example 1 has the same excellent TFT characteristics as the TFT of Conventional Example 1 with the barrier metal layer interposed, and the mutual relationship between the amorphous silicon film and the Cu-based alloy film 1 is obtained. It was confirmed that no diffusion occurred.
- Example 1 it was confirmed that a laminated structure including a nitrogen-containing layer and a Cu—Si diffusion layer was formed on the amorphous silicon film. Furthermore, as a result of semi-quantitative analysis by the EDX method, it was found that almost no Cu element was detected in the low-resistance amorphous silicon film, and Cu diffusion was blocked in the upper layer of the low-resistance amorphous silicon film.
- TLM element was formed by a TLM method (Transfer Length Method) according to each process diagram of FIG.
- a low-resistance amorphous silicon film 1 doped with an impurity (P) with a thickness of about 200 nm was formed on a glass substrate with a thickness of about 200 nm by plasma CVD.
- an impurity (P) with a thickness of about 200 nm was formed on a glass substrate with a thickness of about 200 nm by plasma CVD.
- nitrogen gas was supplied to generate plasma, and the surface of the low resistance amorphous silicon film 1 was treated with nitrogen plasma for 30 seconds to form a nitrogen-containing layer (FIG. 8a).
- the RF power density applied to this plasma was about 0.3 W / cm 2
- the film formation temperature was 320 ° C.
- the gas pressure was 67 Pa.
- a low-resistance amorphous silicon film 2 doped with impurities (P) was continuously formed again without taking out from the CVD apparatus (FIG. 8a).
- the thickness of the low resistance amorphous silicon film 2 was 10 nm.
- the Cu-based alloy film was etched using the resist as a mask to form a plurality of electrodes as shown in FIG. 8d.
- the distance between each electrode was variously changed.
- dry etching was performed again, and the resist was patterned by photolithography. At this time, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10A is a sectional view schematically showing the wiring structure of FIG. 8g described above, and FIG. 10B is a top view of FIG. 8g.
- the Cu—Si diffusion layer is omitted.
- Example 1 Measurement of element surface density at the interface between the semiconductor layer and the Cu-based alloy film
- the surface density (N1) of nitrogen atoms and the surface density (O1) of oxygen atoms were measured using a high resolution RBS analyzer “HRSB500” manufactured by Kobe Steel.
- HRSB500 high resolution RBS analyzer
- Example 2 is an example having the wiring structure of Embodiment 2 described above (see FIG. 2), and the same Cu-0.3 atomic% Ni as that of Example 1 was used as the wiring material constituting the source / drain electrodes. Using.
- Example 1 after forming the low-resistance amorphous silicon film of FIG. 4h, the low-resistance is doped with impurities (P) by continuously treating again with nitrogen plasma for 30 seconds without taking out from the CVD apparatus.
- a TFT of Example 2 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the step of forming a 10 nm thick amorphous silicon film was added.
- Example 2 The TFT of Example 2 thus obtained was annealed at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes as in Example 1, and the cross-sectional TEM observation of the interface between the annealed amorphous silicon film and the Cu-based alloy film was performed. EDX analysis was performed. As a result, Cu atoms were hardly detected in the amorphous silicon film, and it was found that the diffusion of Cu was blocked in the upper layer of the amorphous silicon film (not shown in the figure), as in Example 1. .
- Example 2 the off-state current and on-current of Example 2 were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the off-current was 3.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 13 A and the on-current was 1.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 A. Therefore, it was found that the TFT of Example 2 can obtain good TFT characteristics equivalent to the TFT of Conventional Example 1.
- Example 1 a low-resistance amorphous silicon film having a thickness of 10 nm was formed, and then nitrogen plasma treatment was performed again to form a contact in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a low-resistance amorphous silicon film having a thickness of 10 nm was formed. Resistance was measured. The results are as shown in Table 1, and it was confirmed that the TFT of Example 2 had good contact resistance.
- Example 3 is an example having the wiring structure of Embodiment 4 described above (see FIG. 1C), and the same Cu-0.3 atomic% Ni as that of Example 1 was used as the wiring material constituting the source / drain electrodes. Using.
- Example 1 described above is the same as Example 1 except that the non-doped amorphous silicon film shown in FIG. 4e was formed, and then continuously treated again with nitrogen plasma for 30 seconds without being removed from the CVD apparatus. Thus, a TFT of Example 3 was produced.
- Example 3 The TFT of Example 3 obtained in this manner was annealed at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes as in Example 1, and the cross-sectional TEM observation and EDX of the interface between the non-doped amorphous silicon and the Cu-based alloy after annealing were performed. Analysis was performed. As a result, Cu atoms were hardly detected in the non-doped amorphous silicon film, and it was found that the diffusion of Cu was blocked in the upper layer of the non-doped amorphous silicon film as in Example 1 (not shown in the figure). ).
- Example 3 As a result of measuring the off current and the on current of Example 3 in the same manner as in Example 1, the off current was 4.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 13 A and the on current was 1.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 A ( (See Table 1). Therefore, it was found that the TFT of Example 3 can obtain good TFT characteristics equivalent to the TFT of Conventional Example 1.
- Example 3 Furthermore, in order to investigate the contact resistance of Example 3, the contact resistance was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 10 nm non-doped amorphous silicon film was formed in Example 1 described above. The results are as shown in Table 1, and it was found that the TFT of Example 3 had good contact resistance.
- Example 4 is an example having the above-described wiring structure of Embodiment 1 (see FIG. 1A). In Example 1 described above, pure Cu was used as the wiring material constituting the source / drain electrodes. Produced the TFT of Example 4 in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 5 is an example having the wiring structure of Embodiment 1 described above (see FIG. 1A). In Example 1 described above, Cu-0.1 atomic% was used as the wiring material constituting the source / drain electrodes. A TFT of Example 5 was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that Ge was used.
- Example 6 is an example having the wiring structure of Embodiment 1 described above (see FIG. 1A). In Example 1 described above, Cu-0.5 atomic% was used as the wiring material constituting the source / drain electrodes. A TFT of Example 6 was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that Mn was used.
- Comparative Example 1 is a comparative example that does not have a nitrogen-containing layer in the wiring structure of Embodiment 1 described above (see FIG. 1A).
- the same Cu-based material as that of Example 1 is used as a wiring material constituting the source / drain electrodes.
- An alloy was used.
- a TFT of Comparative Example 1 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the step of forming the nitrogen-containing layer was not performed in Example 1 described above.
- the TFT of Comparative Example 1 was annealed at a temperature of 200 ° C. lower than that of Example 1 for 30 minutes, and the cross-sectional TEM observation and EDX analysis of the interface between the amorphous silicon and the Cu-based alloy after annealing were performed. .
- voids were observed in the Cu-based alloy film and amorphous silicon film despite the low temperature treatment at 200 ° C., confirming that significant interdiffusion occurred (not shown in the figure).
- EDX it was confirmed that Cu diffused into the amorphous silicon film and Si diffused into the Cu-based alloy film.
- Example 7 is an example in which a nitrogen-containing layer is formed by using a mixed gas of nitrogen gas / semiconductor source gas (flow rate ratio 0.3) in place of nitrogen gas in Example 1 described above.
- a gate electrode of a Cu alloy thin film (Cu-0.3 atomic% Ni) on a glass substrate a gate insulating film of a silicon nitride film (SiN), undoped amorphous silicon A film [a-Si (i)] and a low-resistance amorphous silicon film doped with impurities (P) ([first low-resistance a-Si (n)]) were sequentially formed.
- SiN silicon nitride film
- P low-resistance amorphous silicon film doped with impurities
- semiconductor layer forming gases SiH 4 : 30 sccm, PH 3 : 0.2 sccm, N 2 : 10 sccm (flow rate ratio of nitrogen gas / semiconductor source gas 0.0). 3) was supplied to generate plasma for 10 seconds to form a nitrogen-containing layer.
- Example 2 a low-resistance amorphous silicon film [second low-resistance a-Si (n)] doped with impurities (P) was again formed to a thickness of 10 nm.
- a TFT of Example 7 having a Cu—Si diffusion layer between the nitrogen-containing layer and the Cu-based alloy film was produced.
- the thickness of the nitrogen-containing layer was about 5 nm, and the thickness of the Cu—Si diffusion layer was about 10 nm.
- Example 8 is an example in which the flow rate ratio of nitrogen gas / semiconductor source gas is changed to 3.3 in Example 7 described above.
- Example 7 the gas flow rate, which is a nitrogen-containing layer forming condition, is changed to SiH 4 : 30 sccm, PH 3 : 0.2 sccm, N 2 : 100 sccm [nitrogen gas (100 sccm) as semiconductor layer forming gas.
- the thickness of the nitrogen-containing layer was about 5 nm as in Example 7.
- Example 7 For the TFT of Example 8 obtained in this way, as in Example 7, cross-sectional TEM observation and EDX of the interface between the amorphous silicon film and the Cu-based alloy film after annealing for 30 minutes at 300 ° C. Analysis was performed to evaluate the interdiffusion of Si and Cu. As a result, almost no Cu atoms were detected in the amorphous silicon film, and it was found that the diffusion of Cu was blocked in the upper layer of the amorphous silicon film as in Example 7. Note that the thickness of the Cu—Si diffusion layer was about 10 nm.
- Example 8 Further, the off current and on current of Example 8 were measured in the same manner as Example 7. The results are shown in Table 2. It was found that the TFT of Example 8 had good TFT characteristics equivalent to those of the conventional TFT.
- Example 7 in Example 7 described above, the gas flow rate as the nitrogen-containing layer forming condition was changed to the semiconductor layer forming gas SiH 4 : 30 sccm, PH 3 : 0.2 sccm, N 2.
- the results are as shown in Table 2, and it was confirmed that the TFT of Example 7 had good contact resistance.
- Example 9 is an example in which the flow rate ratio of nitrogen gas / semiconductor source gas is changed to 9.9 in Example 7 described above.
- Example 7 the gas flow rate, which is a nitrogen-containing layer forming condition, is changed to SiH 4 : 30 sccm, PH 3 : 0.2 sccm, N 2 : 300 sccm [nitrogen gas (300 sccm) as semiconductor layer forming gas.
- the thickness of the nitrogen-containing layer was about 5 nm as in Example 7.
- Example 7 For the TFT of Example 9 obtained in this way, as in Example 7, cross-sectional TEM observation and EDX of the interface between the amorphous silicon film and the Cu-based alloy film after annealing for 30 minutes at 300 ° C. Analysis was performed to evaluate the interdiffusion of Cu and Si. As a result, almost no Cu atoms were detected in the amorphous silicon film, and it was found that the diffusion of Cu was blocked in the upper layer of the amorphous silicon film as in Example 7. Note that the thickness of the Cu—Si diffusion layer was about 10 nm.
- Example 9 the off current and on current of Example 9 were measured in the same manner as Example 7. The results are shown in Table 2. It was found that the TFT of Example 9 had good characteristics equivalent to those of the conventional TFT.
- Comparative Example 2 is an example in which the flow rate ratio of nitrogen gas / semiconductor source gas is changed to 19.9 in Example 7 described above.
- Example 7 the gas flow rate, which is a nitrogen-containing layer forming condition, is changed to SiH 4 : 30 sccm, PH 3 : 0.2 sccm, N 2 : 600 sccm [nitrogen gas (600 sccm) as semiconductor layer forming gas.
- the thickness of the nitrogen-containing layer was about 5 nm.
- the TFT of Comparative Example 2 thus obtained was subjected to cross-sectional TEM observation and EDX analysis of the interface between the amorphous silicon film and the Cu-based alloy film after annealing for 30 minutes at 300 ° C., as in Example 7. And the interdiffusion of Cu and Si was evaluated. As a result, almost no Cu atoms were detected in the amorphous silicon film, and it was found that the diffusion of Cu was blocked in the upper layer of the amorphous silicon film as in Example 7. Note that the thickness of the Cu—Si diffusion layer was about 10 nm.
- Example 7 the gas flow rate, which is the nitrogen-containing layer formation condition, was changed to the semiconductor layer formation gas SiH 4 : 30 sccm, PH 3 : 0.2 sccm, N 2.
- the results are as shown in Table 2, and the contact resistance increased.
- Comparative Example 3 is an example in which the flow rate ratio of nitrogen gas / semiconductor source gas is changed to 0.07 in Example 7 described above.
- the gas flow rate which is the nitrogen-containing layer forming condition, is set to the semiconductor layer forming gas SiH 4 : 150 sccm, PH 3 : 1 sccm, N 2 : 10 sccm [nitrogen gas (10 sccm) / semiconductor.
- the thickness of the nitrogen-containing layer was about 4 nm.
- the TFT of Comparative Example 3 thus obtained was subjected to cross-sectional TEM observation and EDX analysis of the interface between the amorphous silicon film and the Cu-based alloy film after annealing for 30 minutes at 300 ° C., as in Example 7. And the interdiffusion of Cu and Si was evaluated. As a result, voids were observed in the Cu-based alloy film and amorphous silicon film, and it was confirmed that significant interdiffusion between Cu and Si occurred. Further, from the semi-quantitative analysis by EDX, diffusion of Cu into the amorphous silicon film and diffusion of Si into the Cu-based alloy film were confirmed.
- Examples 10 to 12 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5 are Cu-0.3 atoms as wiring materials constituting the source-drain electrodes in Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3, respectively.
- Example 10 and Example 7 are examples manufactured under the same conditions except that the types of wiring materials are different
- Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 are the same conditions except that the types of wiring materials are different. It is an example manufactured by. Table 2 shows the results of these TFT characteristics and contact resistance.
- Examples 10 to 12 satisfying the requirements of the present invention all have good TFT characteristics and contact resistance, while Comparative Examples 4 to 5 have degraded TFT characteristics.
- Examples 13 to 15 and Comparative Examples 6 to 7 are Cu-0.3 atoms as wiring materials constituting the source-drain electrodes in Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3, respectively.
- Example 13 and Example 7 are examples manufactured under the same conditions except that the types of wiring materials are different
- Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 2 are the same conditions except that the types of wiring materials are different. It is an example manufactured by. Table 2 shows the results of these TFT characteristics and contact resistance.
- Examples 13 to 15 satisfying the requirements of the present invention all have good TFT characteristics and contact resistance, while Comparative Examples 6 to 7 have degraded TFT characteristics.
- Examples 16 to 18 and Comparative Examples 8 to 9 are Cu-0.3 atoms as wiring materials constituting the source-drain electrodes in Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3, respectively.
- This is an example in which a TFT was fabricated in the same manner as in each example except that Cu-0.1 atomic% Ge was used instead of% Ni (see Table 2).
- Example 16 and Example 7 are examples manufactured under the same conditions except that the types of wiring materials are different
- Comparative Example 8 and Comparative Example 2 are the same conditions except that the types of wiring materials are different. It is an example manufactured by. Table 2 shows the results of these TFT characteristics and contact resistance.
- Table 2 shows that all of Examples 16 to 18 that satisfy the requirements of the present invention have good TFT characteristics and contact resistance, while Comparative Examples 8 to 9 have degraded TFT characteristics.
- the Cu-based alloy film is formed directly on the glass substrate, but the type of wiring film formed on the glass substrate is not limited to this. This is because the wiring structure of the present invention has a characteristic part in the laminated structure of the semiconductor layer and the Cu-based alloy film, and other structures are not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Therefore, as the wiring film formed immediately above the glass substrate, a Cu-based alloy film may be used as described above, or, for example, an Al-based alloy film of pure Al or Al alloy may be used.
- a direct contact technique capable of directly contacting a Cu-based alloy film of pure Cu or a Cu alloy with a semiconductor layer, which has TFT characteristics and a contact resistance between the Cu-based alloy film and the semiconductor layer.
- a technology with good productivity and a further expanded process margin.
- it is difficult to be affected by variations in various process conditions (such as variations in equipment performance, instability, unexpected contamination, and contamination that is difficult to control), and it is not necessary to manage extremely strict conditions. It is possible to provide technology that is not easily restricted.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 基板の上に、基板側から順に、半導体層と、純CuまたはCu合金のCu系合金膜とを備えた配線構造であって、
前記半導体層と前記Cu系合金膜との間に、基板側から順に、
窒素、炭素、およびフッ素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有する(N、C、F)層と、CuおよびSiを含むCu-Si拡散層との積層構造を含んでおり、且つ、前記(N、C、F)層に含まれる窒素、炭素、およびフッ素の少なくとも一種の元素は、前記半導体層に含まれるSiと結合している配線構造。
なお、上記配線構造は、基板の上に、基板側から順に、半導体層と、純CuまたはCu合金のCu系合金膜とを備えた配線構造であって、
前記半導体層と前記Cu系合金膜との間に、基板側から順に、
窒素、炭素、およびフッ素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有する(N、C、F)層と、CuおよびSiを含むCu-Si拡散層との積層構造を含んでおり、且つ、前記(N、C、F)層を構成する窒素、炭素、およびフッ素のいずれかの元素は、前記半導体層のSiと結合している配線構造であることが好ましい。
[2] 前記Cu-Si拡散層は、前記(N、C、F)層、半導体層、および前記Cu系合金膜をこの順序で形成した後、熱履歴を加えることによって得られる[1]に記載の配線構造。
[3] 前記半導体層は、アモルファスシリコンまたは多結晶シリコンを含む[1]又は[2]に記載の配線構造。
なお、前記半導体層は、アモルファスシリコンまたは多結晶シリコンからなることが好ましい。
[4] [1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の配線構造を備えた薄膜トランジスタ基板。
[5] [4]に記載の薄膜トランジスタ基板を備えた表示装置。
[6] 表示装置または半導体装置を構成する[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の配線構造。
[7] [4]に記載の薄膜トランジスタ基板を製造する方法であって、
薄膜トランジスタの半導体層の上に、窒素、炭素、およびフッ素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有する(N、C、F)層を形成する第1の工程と、次いで、
半導体層を形成する第2の工程とを、この順序で含む薄膜トランジスタ基板の製造方法。
[8] 前記第1の工程は、半導体層形成装置の中で処理する[7]に記載の製造方法。
[9] 前記第1の工程と前記第2の工程は、同じ半導体層形成用チャンバー内で連続して行なわれる[8]に記載の製造方法。
[10] 前記第1の工程は、窒素、炭素、およびフッ素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有するガスによるプラズマエッチングによって(N、C、F)層を形成する工程を含む[7]~[9]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[11] 前記第1の工程は、窒素、炭素、およびフッ素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有するガスと、半導体層形成に用いられる原料ガスとの混合ガスによるプラズマエッチングによって(N、C、F)層を形成する工程を含む[7]~[9]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
本発明に係るTFTの第1の実施形態を図1Aに示す。図1Aは、TFT用基板の上に第1の半導体層を有し、その上に直接、(N、C、F)層とCu-Si拡散層とからなる2層の積層構造を有しており、その上に直接、Cu系合金層が形成された構造を有している。図1Aの構造は、(N、C、F)層を形成した後、第2の半導体層、次いでCu系合金層を形成し、その後に約150℃以上の熱履歴を加えることによって得られ、例えば、後記する実施例1の方法によって得られる。
本発明に係るTFTの第2の実施形態は、上述した第1の実施形態における2層の積層構造を構成する窒素含有層と、TFT用基板の間に、第1の半導体層、(N、C、F)層、第1の半導体層を有している例である。詳細には、図2に示すように、TFT用基板の上に第1の半導体層、(N、C、F)層、第1の半導体層を有し、その上に直接、(N、C、F)層とCu-Si拡散層とからなる2層の積層構造を有しており、その上に直接、Cu系合金層が形成された構造を有している。図2の構造は、例えば、後記する実施例2の方法によって得られる。なお、その他の条件、特性等は、上記第1の実施形態に記載したものと同様である。
本発明に係るMOSFETの第3の実施形態を図5に示す。図5は、単結晶Siの上に直接、(N、C、F)層とCu-Si拡散層とからなる2層の積層構造を有しており、その上に直接、Cu系合金層が形成された構造を有している。このような構造は図6に示す工程により形成される。すなわち、イオン注入法などにより(N、C、F)ガス(好ましくは窒素)を単結晶Si基板中に打ち込む。このとき、注入された(N、C、F)ガス(好ましくは窒素)はある深さ(飛程と呼ばれる)を中心にほぼガウス分布の深さ方向分布を有する。注入された(N、C、F)ガス(好ましくは窒素)のダメージによりSiの一部はアモルファス化する。次にCu系合金膜をスパッタとメッキにより成膜し、その後アニールなどの熱処理を施すことでCu系合金膜/Cu-Si拡散層/(N、C、F)層(好ましくは窒素含有層)/単結晶Siの構造が形成される。なお、その他の条件、特性等は、上記第1の実施形態に記載したものと同様である。
本発明に係るMOSFETの第4の実施形態を図1Cに示す。図1Cは上述した第1の実施形態における2層の積層構造を構成する窒素含有層と、TFT基板との間に第一の半導体層、(N、C、F)層、第一の半導体層を有している例である。詳細には、図1Cに示すように、TFT基板の上に第一の半導体層、(N、C、F)層とCu-Si拡散層とからなる2層の積層構造を有しており、その上に直接、Cu系合金層が形成された構造を有している。第4の実施形態では第一の半導体層には不純物(P)をドーピングしない。図1Cの構造は、例えば、後述する実施例1と同様の方法によって得られる。このとき、ノンドープアモルファスシリコン膜を形成したのち、同一チャンバー内にて連続して窒素ガスのみを供給してプラズマを発生させ、上記アモルファスシリコン膜の方面に窒素プラズマにて30秒間処理し、窒素含有層を形成した。なお、その他の条件、特性等は上記第1の実施形態に記載したものと同様である。
Polish)を行うことにより配線パターンに加工する。最後にアニールを行うと、Cu-Si拡散層を有するMOSFETが得られる(図11k)。
表1に示す、実施例1~6、比較例1、および従来例1では、TFT特性などを簡易に測定するため、図4の各工程図に従って作製した図4のTFTに対し、300℃で30分間のアニールを行った。このアニール条件は、TFT基板の製造工程で、熱履歴が最大となるSi窒化膜(保護膜)の成膜工程の加熱処理を想定して設定されたものである。本実施例に供したTFTは、現実のTFT基板のように種々の成膜工程が施されて完成されたものではないが、上記のアニールを行ったTFTは、実際のTFT基板のTFT特性をほぼ反映していると考えられる。
実施例1は、前述した実施形態1の配線構造(図1Aを参照)を有する実施例であり、ソース・ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料としてCu-0.3原子%Niを用いた。
上記のTFTを用い、TFTのドレイン電流-ゲート電圧のスイッチング特性を調べた。これによっても、SiとCuとの相互拡散を間接的に評価することができる。ここでは、TFTのスイッチングのオフ時に流れるリーク電流(ゲート電圧に負電圧を印加したときのドレイン電流値、オフ電流)と、TFTのスイッチングのオン時に流れるオン電流とを以下のようにして測定した。
アニール後のアモルファスシリコン膜とCu系合金膜との界面を断面TEM観察(倍率30万倍と150万倍)し、SiとCuとの相互拡散の挙動を評価した。上記界面の断面TEM像を図7に示す。図7に示すように、300℃の熱処理によりCuはその下に存在する低抵抗アモルファスシリコン膜中まで拡散してCu-Si拡散層を形成し、Cu系合金膜との間に明瞭な界面層が観察された。よって、実施例1によれば、アモルファスシリコン膜の上に窒素含有層とCu-Si拡散層からなる積層構造が形成されることが確認された。更に、EDX法で半定量分析を行った結果、低抵抗アモルファスシリコン膜中にはCu元素は殆ど検出されず、Cuの拡散は低抵抗アモルファスシリコン膜の上層で阻止されていることが分かった。
Cu系合金膜と半導体層(アモルファスシリコン膜)とのコンタクト抵抗を調べるため、図8の各工程図に従ってTLM法(Transfer Length Method)によりTLM素子を形成した。
ρc=Rc*LT*Z
上式中、Zは、図10(b)に示すように電極幅を示す。
実施例1について、窒素原子の面密度(N1)および酸素原子の面密度(O1)を、神戸製鋼所製高分解能RBS分析装置「HRSB500」を用いて測定した。その結果、実施例1のN原子面密度(N1)は6.8×1015/cm2、O原子面密度(O1)は検出限界以下であり、良好なTFT特性を有することが確認された。
実施例2は、前述した実施形態2の配線構造(図2を参照)を有する実施例であり、ソース・ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料として実施例1と同じCu-0.3原子%Niを用いた。
実施例3は、前述した実施形態4の配線構造(図1Cを参照)を有する実施例であり、ソース・ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料として実施例1と同じCu-0.3原子%Niを用いた。
実施例4は、前述した実施形態1の配線構造(図1Aを参照)を有する実施例であり、前述した実施例1において、ソース・ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料として純Cuを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例4のTFTを作製した。
実施例5は、前述した実施形態1の配線構造(図1Aを参照)を有する実施例であり、前述した実施例1において、ソース・ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料としてCu-0.1原子%Geを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例5のTFTを作製した。
実施例6は、前述した実施形態1の配線構造(図1Aを参照)を有する実施例であり、前述した実施例1において、ソース・ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料としてCu-0.5原子%Mnを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例6のTFTを作製した。
比較例1は、前述した実施形態1の配線構造(図1Aを参照)において、窒素含有層を有しない比較例であり、ソース・ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料として、実施例1と同じCu系合金を用いた。詳細には、前述した実施例1において、窒素含有層を形成する工程を行なわなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして比較例1のTFTを作製した。
表2に示す実験群(実施例7~18、および比較例2~9)は全て、前述した実施形態1の配線構造(図1Aを参照)を有する例である。ここでは、ソース-ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料として、表2に示す純Cu(表2のNo.6~10)またはCu合金(表2のNo.1~5、No.11~20)を用いたときの夫々について、窒素ガス/半導体原料ガスの混合ガスの流量比を表2に示す範囲で種々変化させて窒素含有層を形成したときにおける、TFT特性およびコンタクト抵抗に及ぼす影響を調べた。
実施例7は、前述した実施例1において、窒素ガスの代わりに窒素ガス/半導体原料ガスの混合ガス(流量比0.3)を用いて窒素含有層を形成した例である。
このようにして得られた実施例7のTFTに対し、実施例1と同様にして実施例7のオフ電流およびオン電流を測定した。その結果は表2に示すとおりであり、実施例7のTFTは、前述した従来例のTFTと同等の良好なTFT特性を有することがわかった。
更に、実施例7のコンタクト抵抗を調べるため、前述した実施例1と同様、TLM法によりTLM素子を形成して調べた。詳細には、実施例1において、図10に示すTLM素子の窒素含有層形成条件(組成ガスおよびガスの流量比)を、半導体層形成ガスであるSiH4:30sccm、PH3:0.2sccm、N2:10sccm[窒素ガス(10sccm)/半導体原料ガス(30sccm+0.2sccm)の流量比=0.3]としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてコンタクト抵抗を測定した。その結果は表2に示すとおりであり、実施例7のTFTは良好なコンタクト抵抗を有することが確認された。
実施例8は、前述した実施例7において、窒素ガス/半導体原料ガスの流量比を3.3に変えた例である。
実施例9は、前述した実施例7において、窒素ガス/半導体原料ガスの流量比を9.9に変えた例である。
比較例2は、前述した実施例7において、窒素ガス/半導体原料ガスの流量比を19.9に変えた例である。
比較例3は、前述した実施例7において、窒素ガス/半導体原料ガスの流量比を0.07に変えた例である。
実施例10~12、および比較例4~5はそれぞれ、前述した実施例7~9、および比較例2~3のそれぞれにおいて、ソース-ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料として、Cu-0.3原子%Niの代わりに純Cuを用いたこと以外は、各例と同様にしてTFTを作製した例である(表2を参照)。例えば実施例10と実施例7とは、配線材料の種類が異なること以外は同じ条件で製造した例であり、比較例4と比較例2とは、配線材料の種類が異なること以外は同じ条件で製造した例である。これらのTFT特性およびコンタクト抵抗の結果を表2に示す。
実施例13~15、および比較例6~7はそれぞれ、前述した実施例7~9、および比較例2~3のそれぞれにおいて、ソース-ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料として、Cu-0.3原子%Niの代わりにCu-0.5原子%Mnを用いたこと以外は、各例と同様にしてTFTを作製した例である(表2を参照)。例えば実施例13と実施例7とは、配線材料の種類が異なること以外は同じ条件で製造した例であり、比較例6と比較例2とは、配線材料の種類が異なること以外は同じ条件で製造した例である。これらのTFT特性およびコンタクト抵抗の結果を表2に示す。
実施例16~18、および比較例8~9はそれぞれ、前述した実施例7~9、および比較例2~3のそれぞれにおいて、ソース-ドレイン電極を構成する配線材料として、Cu-0.3原子%Niの代わりにCu-0.1原子%Geを用いたこと以外は、各例と同様にしてTFTを作製した例である(表2を参照)。例えば実施例16と実施例7とは、配線材料の種類が異なること以外は同じ条件で製造した例であり、比較例8と比較例2とは、配線材料の種類が異なること以外は同じ条件で製造した例である。これらのTFT特性およびコンタクト抵抗の結果を表2に示す。
本発明は、2008年7月3日出願の日本特許出願(特願2008-174616)、2009年3月19日出願の日本特許出願(特願2009-068447)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (11)
- 基板の上に、基板側から順に、半導体層と、純CuまたはCu合金のCu系合金膜とを備えた配線構造であって、
前記半導体層と前記Cu系合金膜との間に、基板側から順に、
窒素、炭素、およびフッ素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有する(N、C、F)層と、CuおよびSiを含むCu-Si拡散層との積層構造を含んでおり、且つ、前記(N、C、F)層に含まれる窒素、炭素、およびフッ素の少なくとも一種の元素は、前記半導体層に含まれるSiと結合している配線構造。 - 前記Cu-Si拡散層は、前記(N、C、F)層、半導体層、および前記Cu系合金膜をこの順序で形成した後、熱履歴を加えることによって得られる請求項1に記載の配線構造。
- 前記半導体層は、アモルファスシリコンまたは多結晶シリコンを含む請求項1に記載の配線構造。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の配線構造を備えた薄膜トランジスタ基板。
- 請求項4に記載の薄膜トランジスタ基板を備えた表示装置。
- 表示装置または半導体装置を構成する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の配線構造。
- 請求項4に記載の薄膜トランジスタ基板を製造する方法であって、
薄膜トランジスタの半導体層の上に、窒素、炭素、およびフッ素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有する(N、C、F)層を形成する第1の工程と、次いで、
半導体層を形成する第2の工程とを、この順序で含む薄膜トランジスタ基板の製造方法。 - 前記第1の工程は、半導体層形成装置の中で処理する請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程と前記第2の工程は、同じ半導体層形成用チャンバー内で連続して行なわれる請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程は、窒素、炭素、およびフッ素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有するガスによるプラズマエッチングによって(N、C、F)層を形成する工程を含む請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程は、窒素、炭素、およびフッ素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有するガスと、半導体層形成に用いられる原料ガスとの混合ガスによるプラズマエッチングによって(N、C、F)層を形成する工程を含む請求項7に記載の製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8535997B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 |
TWI525773B (zh) | 2016-03-11 |
JP5584436B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
US20110121297A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
TW201017849A (en) | 2010-05-01 |
KR20110028313A (ko) | 2011-03-17 |
CN102077323A (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
JP2010245495A (ja) | 2010-10-28 |
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