WO2009138603A1 - Hybrid electromechanical/semiconductor protection switch - Google Patents

Hybrid electromechanical/semiconductor protection switch Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009138603A1
WO2009138603A1 PCT/FR2009/000549 FR2009000549W WO2009138603A1 WO 2009138603 A1 WO2009138603 A1 WO 2009138603A1 FR 2009000549 W FR2009000549 W FR 2009000549W WO 2009138603 A1 WO2009138603 A1 WO 2009138603A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
output line
control circuit
relay
movable conductor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2009/000549
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
François Guillot
Original Assignee
Sagem Defense Securite
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sagem Defense Securite filed Critical Sagem Defense Securite
Publication of WO2009138603A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009138603A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/01—Relays in which the armature is maintained in one position by a permanent magnet and freed by energisation of a coil producing an opposing magnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H01H2051/2218—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature having at least one movable permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/28—Electromagnetic mechanisms with windings acting in conjunction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protection switch (or "breaker") used for example for disconnecting an electrical equipment from a power source when a too large current draw or overvoltage is detected.
  • Protection switches are known comprising an input line and an output line connected to each other by an electromechanical relay comprising a movable conductor and electromagnets connected to a control circuit for moving the movable conductor between a conduction position and a locking position.
  • the control circuit is associated with a current measuring member in the output line.
  • Such protective switches are commonly used for relatively low voltages. For higher voltages, the relay has a size and weight that restricts the possible uses of the relays.
  • a protection switch comprises an input line and an output line connected to each other by a static switch member, a power transistor, connected to a control circuit associated with a measuring member of the current in the output line.
  • a disadvantage of these protection switches is that they generate a significant drop in voltage and pose problems of heat dissipation.
  • EP-A-589 785 a switch incorporating a semiconductor switch and an electromechanical switch. This power switch is intended for conventional switching applications in power circuits without the constraints related to the operation of the protection switches.
  • a protection switch comprising an input line, an output line, at least one static switch element connecting the input line to the output line, a control circuit connected to the static switch and to a measuring member of an electrical characteristic in the output line.
  • the switch comprises an electromechanical relay which is connected in parallel with the static switch member and which has a movable contact conductor and two electromagnets connected to the control circuit for moving the movable conductor between a locking position and a conduction position in which relay bypasses the static switch, and the relay comprises at least one permanent magnet for holding the movable conductor in one of its positions.
  • the relay when it bypasses the static switch member ensures the conduction of the current in the protection switch with a limited voltage drop much lower than that caused by the current flowing in the switch sta - tick.
  • the permanent magnet ensures the maintenance of the relay's moving contact in the desired position without energy expenditure. In this way, the protection switch has little or no effect on the efficiency of the installation in which it is integrated.
  • the control circuit is preferably arranged to control, in a first step, the relay in the blocking position (the static switch member being in its conductive state). tion) then, in a second step, to control the static switch member in a blocking state.
  • control circuit is preferably further arranged to control, in a first step, the static switch member in a conduction state then, in a second step, the relay in its conduction position.
  • the output line and the input line being maintained at potentials close by the static switch member, the creation of an arc at the disconnection or connection of the relay is then avoided, the current draw being taken into account. charge by the static switch body.
  • the permanent magnet is mounted on the movable conductor to hold the movable conductor in its two positions.
  • the movable contact can thus be maintained in one or other of these positions without the electromagnets must be powered.
  • each electromagnet comprises a main coil which surrounds a core and which is connected to the control circuit and the electromagnets each comprise an additional coil, the additional coils having opposite winding directions and being connected in series to the exit line.
  • the additional coils can thus be arranged to keep the movable conductor in its conduction position.
  • the switch comprises two static switch members in series. A failure of one of the static switch devices upon disconnection may be compensated by the second static switch member.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of the circuit of a protection switch according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of the circuit of a protection switch according to a second embodiment.
  • the protection switch according to the first embodiment of the invention comprises an input line 1 having an end intended to be connected to an electrical power supply source and an end connected to a power supply. terminal 2, and an output line 3 having one end to be connected to an electrical equipment and an opposite end connected to a terminal 4.
  • At terminals 2 and 4 are connected in parallel a power transistor 6 and an electromechanical relay 7 both connected to a control circuit 8.
  • the control circuit is connected to a measuring member 5 of an electrical parameter of the line output 3, here the current flowing there.
  • the power transistor 6 has its control input connected to the control circuit 8 and its two pins connected to terminals 2 and 4.
  • the electromechanical relay 7 comprises pads 9 connected to terminals 2 and 4 and pads 10 which are not connected to the input line 1 or to the output line 3.
  • the electromechanical relay 7 comprises a movable conductor 11 which is arranged to be movable between a conduction position in which the movable conductor 11 has its ends in contact with the pads 9 and a locking position in which the movable conductor 11 has its ends in contact with the pads 10.
  • the pads 9 ( at the terminals 2 and 4), on the one hand, and the pads 10, on the other hand, are connected to the control circuit 8 to allow it to measure an electrical quantity, such as a resistance between them , so as to determine whether the pads 9 in particular or the pads 10 are connected to each other by the movable conductor 11 and thus detect the position of the movable conductor.
  • the movable conductor 11 is provided with a permanent magnet 12 having poles arranged along a polarization axis parallel to the moving direction of the movable conductor.
  • the electromechanical relay 7 also comprises, on the side of the pads 9, an electromagnet 13.A and, on the side of the pads 10, an electromagnet 13. B.
  • Each electromagnet 13 comprises a core 14 of soft iron surrounded by a coil 15 whose ends are connected to the control circuit 8.
  • the mobile conductor 11 In the conduction phase, the mobile conductor 11 is in its conduction position in which it is held by the permanent magnet 12 attracting the core 14.A of the electromagnet 13.A independently of the supply of the coil 15.A of it.
  • the control circuit 8 detects that the mobile conductor 11 is in this position by taking a measurement between the pads 9.
  • the control circuit 8 is arranged to detect that a disconnection of the source and the equipment must be performed. When this case arises, the control circuit 8 is arranged to:
  • the control circuit 8 includes a time delay set to ensure that the power transistor 6 is not controlled in its blocking state before the movable conductor 11 has been brought to its blocking position.
  • the control circuit is also arranged for, when it detects that the power source and the equipment must again connected:
  • the supply of the coils 15 is then cut off, the magnet 12 attracting the core 14.A and now the movable conductor 11 in its conduction position.
  • the coils 15 thus have the function of canceling the effect of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 12.
  • the movable conductor 11 has sufficient elasticity so that one of its ends can be detached from its stud even if the other of its ends has remained in contact with its stud. Thus, even if one of the ends has been welded to its stud due to an overcurrent, it is still possible to interrupt the conduction by means of the electromechanical relay 7 by deforming the mobile conductor 11.
  • the control circuit comprises conventional means for detecting an overheating of the power transistor 6 and is arranged to control the power transistor 6 so as to promote a lowering of its temperature.
  • the protection switch comprises two power transistors 6 connected in series between terminals 2 and 4.
  • the electromagnets 13.A, 13. B comprise additional coils 16.A, 16. B which are connected in series with the terminal 4 and the output line 3, the additional coils having opposite winding directions.
  • the operation of the switch of the second embodiment is identical to that of the first embodiment.
  • the additional coils 16 are arranged to move the movable conductor 11 to its blocking position. cage. They provide an additional function for detecting overcurrents, even in the event of a failure of the control electronics.
  • control circuit 8 only controls the first power transistor 6, the second power transistor 6 being used only to overcome a failure of the first power transistor 6.
  • the relay could comprise two fixed magnets, the movable conductor being made of ferromagnetic material, to replace the single magnet mounted on the movable conductor.
  • the relay may have only one magnet and be arranged to hold the movable conductor in only one of its positions.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a protection switch comprising: an input line; an output line; at least one static switch device connecting the input line to the output line; and a control circuit connected to the static switch and to a device for measuring an electrical characteristic in the output line. The switch includes an electromechanical relay which is connected in parallel with the static switch device and provided with a moving contact conductor and two electromagnets connected to the control circuit in order to move the moving conductor between a blocking position and a conducting position in which the relay short-circuits the static switch, said relay comprising at least one permanent magnet for keeping the moving conductor in one of the positions thereof.

Description

Interrupteur de protection mixte électromécanique / semi-conducteur Electromechanical / semiconductor combination protection switch
L'invention concerne un interrupteur de protection (ou « breaker ») utilisable par exemple pour déconnecter un équipement électrique d'une source d'alimentation lorsqu'est détecté un appel de courant trop important ou une surtension. II est connu des interrupteurs de protection comprenant une ligne d'entrée et une ligne de sortie reliées l'une à l'autre par un relais électromécanique comportant un conducteur mobile et des électroaimants reliés à un circuit de commande pour déplacer le conducteur mobile entre une position de conduction et une position de blocage. Le circuit de commande est associé à un organe de mesure du courant dans la ligne de sortie. De tels interrupteurs de protection sont couramment utilisés pour des tensions relativement faibles. Pour des tensions plus élevées, le relais présente un encombrement et un poids qui restreignent les utilisations possibles des relais. En outre, pour les tensions élevées et plus particulièrement en courant continu, il est nécessaire d'adjoindre au relais une chambre de soufflage de l'arc que pourrait créer de telles tensions au moment des connexions et déconnexions du contact mobile et des lignes d'entrée et de sortie. Les relais électromécanique ont de plus une durée de vie relativement faible en raison de l'usure des points de contacts. Pour ces tensions, les interrupteurs de protection à relais électromécanique ont été supplantés par les interrupteurs de protection à semi -conducteur. Un interrupteur de protection comprend une ligne d'entrée et une ligne de sortie reliées l'une à l'autre par un organe in- terrupteur statique, un transistor de puissance, relié à un circuit de commande associé à un organe de mesure du courant dans la ligne de sortie. Un inconvénient de ces interrupteurs de protection est qu'ils engendrent une chute de tension non négligeable et posent des problèmes de dissipation thermique. Par ailleurs, dans le domaine des commutateurs de puissance, il est connu du document EP-A-589 785 un commutateur incorporant un interrupteur à semi -conducteur et un interrupteur électromécanique. Ce commutateur de puissance est destiné à des applications de commutation clas- sique dans des circuits de puissance sans les contraintes liées au fonctionnement des interrupteurs de protection.The invention relates to a protection switch (or "breaker") used for example for disconnecting an electrical equipment from a power source when a too large current draw or overvoltage is detected. Protection switches are known comprising an input line and an output line connected to each other by an electromechanical relay comprising a movable conductor and electromagnets connected to a control circuit for moving the movable conductor between a conduction position and a locking position. The control circuit is associated with a current measuring member in the output line. Such protective switches are commonly used for relatively low voltages. For higher voltages, the relay has a size and weight that restricts the possible uses of the relays. In addition, for high voltages and more particularly in direct current, it is necessary to add to the relay an arc blowing chamber that could create such voltages at the time of the connections and disconnections of the movable contact and the lines of entry and exit. The electromechanical relays also have a relatively short life due to the wear of the contact points. For these voltages, the electromechanical relay protection switches have been supplanted by the semi-conductor protection switches. A protection switch comprises an input line and an output line connected to each other by a static switch member, a power transistor, connected to a control circuit associated with a measuring member of the current in the output line. A disadvantage of these protection switches is that they generate a significant drop in voltage and pose problems of heat dissipation. Furthermore, in the field of power switches, it is known from EP-A-589 785 a switch incorporating a semiconductor switch and an electromechanical switch. This power switch is intended for conventional switching applications in power circuits without the constraints related to the operation of the protection switches.
L'invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients précités des interrupteurs de protection existants . A cet effet, on prévoit, selon l'invention, un interrupteur de protection comprenant une ligne d'entrée, une ligne de sortie, au moins un organe interrupteur statique reliant la ligne d'entrée à la ligne de sortie, un circuit de commande relié à l'interrupteur statique et à un organe de mesure d'une caractéristique électrique dans la ligne de sortie. L'interrupteur comprend un relais électromécanique qui est monté en parallèle de l'organe interrupteur statique et qui possède un conducteur mobile de contact et deux électroaimants reliés au circuit de commande pour déplacer le conducteur mobile entre une position de blocage et une position de conduction dans laquelle le relais court-circuite l'interrupteur statique, et le relais comprend au moins un aimant permanent de maintien du conducteur mobile dans l'une de ses posi- tions.The invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of existing protection switches. For this purpose, there is provided, according to the invention, a protection switch comprising an input line, an output line, at least one static switch element connecting the input line to the output line, a control circuit connected to the static switch and to a measuring member of an electrical characteristic in the output line. The switch comprises an electromechanical relay which is connected in parallel with the static switch member and which has a movable contact conductor and two electromagnets connected to the control circuit for moving the movable conductor between a locking position and a conduction position in which relay bypasses the static switch, and the relay comprises at least one permanent magnet for holding the movable conductor in one of its positions.
Ainsi, le relais, lorsqu'il court-circuite l'organe interrupteur statique assure la conduction du courant dans l'interrupteur de protection avec une chute de tension limitée beaucoup plus faible que celle occa- sionnée par le courant circulant dans l'interrupteur sta- tique. L'aimant permanent assure le maintien du contact mobile du relais dans la position souhaitée sans dépense énergétique. L'interrupteur de protection ne pénalise de la sorte que peu ou pas le rendement de l'installation dans laquelle il est intégré. Pour déconnecter la ligne de sortie de la ligne d'entrée, le circuit de commande est de préférence agencé pour commander, dans un premier temps, le relais dans la position de blocage (l'organe interrupteur statique étant lui dans son état de conduc- tion) puis, dans un second temps, pour commander l'organe interrupteur statique dans un état de blocage. Pour connecter la ligne de sortie à la ligne d'entrée, le circuit de commande est de préférence encore agencé pour commander, dans un premier temps, l'organe interrupteur statique dans un état de conduction puis, dans un deuxième temps, le relais dans sa position de conduction. La ligne de sortie et la ligne d'entrée étant maintenues à des potentiels proches par l'organe interrupteur statique, la création d'un arc à la déconnexion ou à la connexion du relais est alors évitée, l'appel de courant étant pris en charge par l'organe interrupteur statique.Thus, the relay, when it bypasses the static switch member ensures the conduction of the current in the protection switch with a limited voltage drop much lower than that caused by the current flowing in the switch sta - tick. The permanent magnet ensures the maintenance of the relay's moving contact in the desired position without energy expenditure. In this way, the protection switch has little or no effect on the efficiency of the installation in which it is integrated. To disconnect the output line from the input line, the control circuit is preferably arranged to control, in a first step, the relay in the blocking position (the static switch member being in its conductive state). tion) then, in a second step, to control the static switch member in a blocking state. To connect the output line to the input line, the control circuit is preferably further arranged to control, in a first step, the static switch member in a conduction state then, in a second step, the relay in its conduction position. The output line and the input line being maintained at potentials close by the static switch member, the creation of an arc at the disconnection or connection of the relay is then avoided, the current draw being taken into account. charge by the static switch body.
Avantageusement, l'aimant permanent est monté sur le conducteur mobile pour maintenir le conducteur mobile dans ses deux positions. Le contact mobile peut ainsi être maintenu dans l'une ou l'autre de ces positions sans que les électroaimants ne doivent être alimentés.Advantageously, the permanent magnet is mounted on the movable conductor to hold the movable conductor in its two positions. The movable contact can thus be maintained in one or other of these positions without the electromagnets must be powered.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, chaque électroaimant comprend une bobine principale qui entoure un noyau et qui est reliée au circuit de commande et les électroaimants comprennent chacun une bobine additionnelle, les bobines additionnelles ayant des sens d'enroulement opposés et étant reliées en série à la ligne de sortie. Les bobines additionnelles peuvent ainsi être agencées pour maintenir le conducteur mobile dans sa position de conduction.According to a particular embodiment, each electromagnet comprises a main coil which surrounds a core and which is connected to the control circuit and the electromagnets each comprise an additional coil, the additional coils having opposite winding directions and being connected in series to the exit line. The additional coils can thus be arranged to keep the movable conductor in its conduction position.
De préférence, l'interrupteur comprend deux organes interrupteurs statiques en série. Une défaillance d'un des organes interrupteurs statiques à la déconnexion peut être compensée par le deuxième organe interrupteur statique.Preferably, the switch comprises two static switch members in series. A failure of one of the static switch devices upon disconnection may be compensated by the second static switch member.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation particuliers non limitatifs de l'invention.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the following description of particular non-limiting embodiments of the invention.
Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés, parmi lesquels :Reference will be made to the appended drawings, among which:
- la figure 1 est un schéma du circuit d'un in- terrupteur de protection conforme à un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,FIG. 1 is a diagram of the circuit of a protection switch according to a first embodiment of the invention,
- la figure 2 est un schéma du circuit d'un interrupteur de protection selon un deuxième mode de réalisation. En référence à la figure 1, l'interrupteur de protection conforme au premier mode réalisation de 1 ' invention comprend une ligne d'entrée 1 ayant une extrémité destinée à être reliée à une source d'alimentation en énergie électrique et une extrémité reliée à une borne 2, et une ligne de sortie 3 ayant une extrémité destinée à être reliée à un équipement électrique et une extrémité opposée reliée à une borne 4.FIG. 2 is a diagram of the circuit of a protection switch according to a second embodiment. With reference to FIG. 1, the protection switch according to the first embodiment of the invention comprises an input line 1 having an end intended to be connected to an electrical power supply source and an end connected to a power supply. terminal 2, and an output line 3 having one end to be connected to an electrical equipment and an opposite end connected to a terminal 4.
Aux bornes 2 et 4 , sont branchés en parallèle un transistor de puissance 6 et un relais électromécanique 7 reliés tous deux à un circuit de commande 8. Le circuit de commande est relié à un organe de mesure 5 d'un paramètre électrique de la ligne de sortie 3, ici le courant y circulant .At terminals 2 and 4 are connected in parallel a power transistor 6 and an electromechanical relay 7 both connected to a control circuit 8. The control circuit is connected to a measuring member 5 of an electrical parameter of the line output 3, here the current flowing there.
Le transistor de puissance 6 a son entrée de com- mande reliée au circuit de commande 8 et ses deux broches reliées aux bornes 2 et 4.The power transistor 6 has its control input connected to the control circuit 8 and its two pins connected to terminals 2 and 4.
Le relais électromécanique 7 comprend des plots 9 reliés aux bornes 2 et 4 et des plots 10 qui ne sont reliés ni à la ligne d'entrée 1 ni à la ligne de sortie 3. Le relais électromécanique 7 comprend un conducteur mobile 11 qui est agencé pour être déplaçable entre une position de conduction dans laquelle le conducteur mobile 11 a ses extrémités en contact avec les plots 9 et une position de blocage dans laquelle le conducteur mo- bile 11 a ses extrémités en contact avec les plots 10. Les plots 9 (au niveau des bornes 2 et 4) , d'une part, et les plots 10, d'autre part, sont reliés au circuit de commande 8 pour permettre à celui-ci de mesurer une grandeur électrique, telle qu'une résistance entre eux, de manière à déterminer si les plots 9 notamment ou les plots 10 sont reliés l'un à l'autre par le conducteur mobile 11 et ainsi détecter la position du conducteur mobile.The electromechanical relay 7 comprises pads 9 connected to terminals 2 and 4 and pads 10 which are not connected to the input line 1 or to the output line 3. The electromechanical relay 7 comprises a movable conductor 11 which is arranged to be movable between a conduction position in which the movable conductor 11 has its ends in contact with the pads 9 and a locking position in which the movable conductor 11 has its ends in contact with the pads 10. The pads 9 ( at the terminals 2 and 4), on the one hand, and the pads 10, on the other hand, are connected to the control circuit 8 to allow it to measure an electrical quantity, such as a resistance between them , so as to determine whether the pads 9 in particular or the pads 10 are connected to each other by the movable conductor 11 and thus detect the position of the movable conductor.
Le conducteur mobile 11 est pourvu d'un aimant permanent 12 ayant des pôles disposés selon un axe de polarisation parallèle à la direction de déplacement du conducteur mobile.The movable conductor 11 is provided with a permanent magnet 12 having poles arranged along a polarization axis parallel to the moving direction of the movable conductor.
Le relais électromécanique 7 comprend également, du côté des plots 9, un électroaimant 13.A et, du côté des plots 10, un électroaimant 13. B. Chaque électroaimant 13 comprend un noyau 14 de fer doux entouré par une bobine 15 dont les extrémités sont reliées au circuit de commande 8.The electromechanical relay 7 also comprises, on the side of the pads 9, an electromagnet 13.A and, on the side of the pads 10, an electromagnet 13. B. Each electromagnet 13 comprises a core 14 of soft iron surrounded by a coil 15 whose ends are connected to the control circuit 8.
Le fonctionnement de l'interrupteur de protection conforme à l'invention va maintenant être décrit.The operation of the protection switch according to the invention will now be described.
En phase de conduction, le conducteur mobile 11 est dans sa position de conduction dans laquelle il est maintenu par l'aimant permanent 12 attirant le noyau 14.A de 1 ' électroaimant 13.A indépendamment de l'alimentation de la bobine 15.A de celui-ci. Le circuit de commande 8 détecte que le conducteur mobile 11 est bien dans cette position en effectuant une mesure entre les plots 9.In the conduction phase, the mobile conductor 11 is in its conduction position in which it is held by the permanent magnet 12 attracting the core 14.A of the electromagnet 13.A independently of the supply of the coil 15.A of it. The control circuit 8 detects that the mobile conductor 11 is in this position by taking a measurement between the pads 9.
Le circuit de commande 8 est agencé pour détecter qu'une déconnexion de la source et de l'équipement doit être réalisée. Quand ce cas se présente, le circuit de commande 8 est agencé pour :The control circuit 8 is arranged to detect that a disconnection of the source and the equipment must be performed. When this case arises, the control circuit 8 is arranged to:
- mettre le transistor de puissance 6 dans son état passant s'il ne l'était pas déjà avant, - alimenter la bobine 15. A de 1 ' électroaimant- Put the power transistor 6 in its on state if it was not already before, - supply the coil 15. A 1 'electromagnet
13.A pour qu'il repousse le conducteur mobile 11 (via l'aimant permanent 12) vers sa position de blocage, et simultanément alimenter la bobine 15. B de 1 ' électroaimant 13. B pour qu'il attire le conducteur mobile 11 dans sa position de blocage, puis commander le transistor de puissance 6 dans son état de blocage.13.A to push the movable conductor 11 (via the permanent magnet 12) to its blocking position, and simultaneously supply the coil 15. B of the electromagnet 13. B so that it attracts the mobile conductor 11 in its blocking position, then control the power transistor 6 in its blocking state.
L'alimentation des bobines 15 est ensuite coupée, l'aimant 12 attirant le noyau 14. B et maintenant le conducteur mobile 11 dans sa position de blocage.The supply of the coils 15 is then cut off, the magnet 12 attracting the core 14. B and now the movable conductor 11 in its blocking position.
Le circuit de commande 8 comprend une temporisation réglée pour s'assurer que le transistor de puissance 6 n'est pas commandé dans son état de blocage avant que le conducteur mobile 11 n'ait été amené dans sa position de blocage.The control circuit 8 includes a time delay set to ensure that the power transistor 6 is not controlled in its blocking state before the movable conductor 11 has been brought to its blocking position.
Le circuit de commande est également agencé pour, lorsqu'il détecte que la source d'alimentation et l'équipement doivent à nouveau connectés :The control circuit is also arranged for, when it detects that the power source and the equipment must again connected:
- commander le transistor de puissance 6 dans son état passant,control the power transistor 6 in its on state,
- puis, alimenter la bobine 15. B de l' électroaimant 13. B pour qu'elle repousse le conducteur mobile 11 vers sa position de conduction et, simultanément, alimenter la bobine 15.A de 1 ' électroaimant 13.A pour qu'il at- tire le conducteur mobile 11 dans sa position de conduc- tion.- Then, supply the coil 15. B of the electromagnet 13. B so that it pushes the movable conductor 11 to its conduction position and simultaneously supply the coil 15.A of the electromagnet 13.A for that it holds the movable conductor 11 in its driving position tion.
L'alimentation des bobines 15 est ensuite coupée, l'aimant 12 attirant le noyau 14. A et maintenant le conducteur mobile 11 dans sa position de conduction. Les bobines 15 ont ainsi pour fonction d'annuler l'effet du champ magnétique de l'aimant permanent 12.The supply of the coils 15 is then cut off, the magnet 12 attracting the core 14.A and now the movable conductor 11 in its conduction position. The coils 15 thus have the function of canceling the effect of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 12.
Le conducteur mobile 11 a une élasticité suffisante pour que l'une de ses extrémités puisse être décollée de son plot même si l'autre de ses extrémités est restée en contact avec son plot. Ainsi, même si l'une des extrémités a été soudée sur son plot en raison d'une surintensité, il reste possible d'interrompre la conduction au moyen du relais électromécanique 7 en déformant le conducteur mobile 11. Le circuit de commande comporte de façon classique des moyens de détection d'une surchauffe du transistor de puissance 6 et est agencé pour commander le transistor de puissance 6 de manière à favoriser un abaissement de sa température . Les éléments identiques ou analogues à ceux précédemment décrits porteront une même référence numérique dans la description qui suit du deuxième mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 2.The movable conductor 11 has sufficient elasticity so that one of its ends can be detached from its stud even if the other of its ends has remained in contact with its stud. Thus, even if one of the ends has been welded to its stud due to an overcurrent, it is still possible to interrupt the conduction by means of the electromechanical relay 7 by deforming the mobile conductor 11. The control circuit comprises conventional means for detecting an overheating of the power transistor 6 and is arranged to control the power transistor 6 so as to promote a lowering of its temperature. Elements identical or similar to those previously described will bear the same reference numeral in the description which follows of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'interrupteur de protection comprend deux transistors de puissance 6 montés en série entre les bornes 2 et 4.In this embodiment, the protection switch comprises two power transistors 6 connected in series between terminals 2 and 4.
Les électroaimants 13.A, 13. B comprennent des bobines additionnelles 16.A, 16. B qui sont reliées en série à la borne 4 et à la ligne de sortie 3, les bobines addi- tionnelles ayant des sens d'enroulement opposés.The electromagnets 13.A, 13. B comprise additional coils 16.A, 16. B which are connected in series with the terminal 4 and the output line 3, the additional coils having opposite winding directions.
Le fonctionnement de l'interrupteur du deuxième mode de réalisation est identique à celui du premier mode de réalisation.The operation of the switch of the second embodiment is identical to that of the first embodiment.
Les bobines additionnelles 16 sont agencées pour déplacer le conducteur mobile 11 vers sa position de blo- cage. Elles assurent une fonction supplémentaire de détection des surintensités, même en cas de défaillance de 1 ' électronique de commande .The additional coils 16 are arranged to move the movable conductor 11 to its blocking position. cage. They provide an additional function for detecting overcurrents, even in the event of a failure of the control electronics.
En fonctionnement normal, le circuit de commande 8 ne commande que le premier transistor de puissance 6, le second transistor de puissance 6 n'étant utilisé que pour pallier une défaillance du premier transistor de puissance 6.In normal operation, the control circuit 8 only controls the first power transistor 6, the second power transistor 6 being used only to overcome a failure of the first power transistor 6.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus mais englobe toute variante entrant dans les champs de 1 ' invention tel que défini par les revendications.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but encompasses any variant within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
En particulier, le relais pourrait comporter deux aimants fixes, le conducteur mobile étant en matériau ferromagnétique, pour remplacer l'aimant unique monté sur le conducteur mobile. Le relais peut ne comporter qu'un seul aimant et être agencé pour maintenir le conducteur mobile dans une seule de ses positions. In particular, the relay could comprise two fixed magnets, the movable conductor being made of ferromagnetic material, to replace the single magnet mounted on the movable conductor. The relay may have only one magnet and be arranged to hold the movable conductor in only one of its positions.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Interrupteur de protection comprenant une ligne d'entrée, une ligne de sortie, au moins un organe interrupteur statique reliant la ligne d'entrée à la ligne de sortie, un circuit de commande relié à l'interrupteur statique et à un organe de mesure d'une caractéristique électrique dans la ligne de sortie, caractérisé en ce que l'interrupteur comprend un relais électromécanique qui est monté en parallèle de l'organe interrupteur statique et qui possède un conducteur mobile de contact et deux électroaimants reliés au circuit de commande pour déplacer le conducteur mobile entre une position de blocage et une position de conduction dans Ia- quelle le relais court-circuite l'interrupteur statique et en ce que le relais comprend au moins un aimant permanent de maintien du conducteur mobile dans l'une de ses positions .1. Protective switch comprising an input line, an output line, at least one static switch element connecting the input line to the output line, a control circuit connected to the static switch and to a control element. measuring an electrical characteristic in the output line, characterized in that the switch comprises an electromechanical relay which is connected in parallel with the static switch member and which has a movable contact conductor and two electromagnets connected to the control circuit for moving the movable conductor between a blocking position and a conduction position in which the relay bypasses the static switch and in that the relay comprises at least one permanent magnet for holding the movable conductor in one of his positions.
2. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'aimant permanent est monté sur le conducteur mobile pour maintenir le conducteur mobile dans ses deux positions.2. Switch according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is mounted on the movable conductor to maintain the movable conductor in its two positions.
3. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque électroaimant comprend une bobine principale qui entoure un noyau et qui est reliée au circuit de commande.The switch of claim 1, wherein each electromagnet comprises a main coil which surrounds a core and which is connected to the control circuit.
4. Interrupteur selon la revendication 3, dans lequel les électroaimants comprennent chacun une bobine additionnelle, les bobines additionnelles ayant des sens d'enroulement opposés et étant reliées en série à la ligne de sortie.The switch of claim 3, wherein the electromagnets each comprise an additional coil, the additional coils having opposite winding directions and being connected in series to the output line.
5. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1, comprenant deux organes interrupteurs statiques en série.5. Switch according to claim 1, comprising two static switch members in series.
6. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, pour déconnecter la ligne de sortie de la ligne d'entrée, le circuit de commande est agencé pour commander, dans un premier temps, le relais dans la position de blocage puis, dans un second temps, l'organe interrupteur statique dans un état de blocage. The switch of claim 1, wherein, for disconnecting the output line from the input line, the control circuit is arranged to control, in a first step, the relay in the blocking position and then, in a second step, the static switch member in a blocking state.
7. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, pour connecter la ligne de sortie à la ligne d'entrée, le circuit de commande est agencé pour commander, dans un premier temps, l'organe interrupteur statique dans un état de conduction puis, dans un deuxième temps, le relais dans sa position de conduction.7. Switch according to claim 1, wherein, for connecting the output line to the input line, the control circuit is arranged to control, in a first step, the static switch member in a conduction state then, in a second step, the relay in its conduction position.
8. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la position de conduction, le conducteur mobile a deux extrémités respectivement en contact avec un plot relié à la ligne d'entrée et un plot relié à la ligne de sortie, les deux extrémités du conducteur étant décollées des plots dans la position de blocage.8. Switch according to claim 1, wherein in the conduction position, the movable conductor has two ends respectively in contact with a stud connected to the input line and a stud connected to the output line, the two ends of the conductive being peeled off the pads in the blocking position.
9. Interrupteur selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le conducteur mobile a une élasticité suffisante pour que l'une de ses extrémités puisse être décol- lée de son plot même si l'autre de ses extrémités est restée en contact avec son plot . 9. A switch according to claim 8, wherein the movable conductor has sufficient elasticity so that one of its ends can be removed from its stud even if the other of its ends has remained in contact with its stud.
PCT/FR2009/000549 2008-05-15 2009-05-13 Hybrid electromechanical/semiconductor protection switch WO2009138603A1 (en)

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FR0802647A FR2931291B1 (en) 2008-05-15 2008-05-15 ELECTROMECHANICAL / SEMICONDUCTOR MIXED PROTECTION SWITCH
FR0802647 2008-05-15

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