WO1991005391A1

WO1991005391A1 - Control and protection devices by means of the quantified energetic pulse technique

Info

Publication number: WO1991005391A1
Application number: PCT/BR1990/000017
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wagner Wanek Martins; Walter Del Piccha; Roberto Clarete Pessota; José Carlos FELIZATTI
Original assignee: Universidade De São Paulo - Usp
Priority date: 1989-09-28
Filing date: 1990-09-27
Publication date: 1991-04-18
Also published as: BR8904916A

Abstract

The invention refers basically to a control device, which presents in its multiple variations, capable of changing the state by using only a well defined amount of energy which is limited, or by means of a circuit with capacitor, or by means of the interruption of the control circuit of the device, characterizing accordingly the pulse as capacitive or inductive. The movement transmitted to the mobile contacts of the control device is achieved by a repulsion effect between the magnetic parts of the device. The maintenance of the state reached by the device is achieved without energy expenditure, by using the residual field of permanent magnets (or ferrites). Another mechanism described in the present invention refers to a protection device whose short-circuit current sensor also operates by repulsion between its magnetic parts, by using a definite amount of energy. Its main characteristic of performance refers to the time of actuation which in alternating current remains within the first semicycle of the short-circuit current wave.

Description

"CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE" .

The present invention refers basically to a new technique of protection and control by means of a quantified energetic pulse. The technological viability results in electromechanical devices for protection and control, whose specifications are described later.

The reason for including both devices in only one patent is based on the fact that the mechanism used, as well as the operating technique of the same are only one, and the protection device is constituted in the addition of a surge current sensor element in the original control device,as it may be verified in the present description. The control device, which is object of the present invention, when operating individually as an ON/OFF switch for other circuits has outstanding advantages in comparison to conventional relays or contactor, for example, since the maintenance of a certain state of devices in those relays or contactors (whether opened or closed contacts) requires the permanent energization of their control circuit, while in the control device of this new technique, the permanent energization of the control is not necessary, since the energy is spent only to cause the state change, and even in this case the energy spent is an energetic pulse which is capacitively and inductively quantified. After the state change, the control coil is automatically desernegized,which cause the device to run cold thus permiting to dimension the power supplies of the control circuits with a power lower than that required for the control having conventional relays or contactors.

The control device of the present invention has still another advantage in comparison to conventional relays or contactors, which provides a great flexibility to them, when used together for driving purposes, in cases which the use of multiple and/or combinatory control is necessary, since they permit to use simple control switches (bell-type buttons) as well as a simplified wiring, which is difficult to achieve with conventional relays and contactors in the multiple controls and virtually impracticable with combinatory controls.

The protection device, object of the present invention, when individually analyzed has a basic difference relative to the conventional circuit breakers,since the opening principle of contacts in case of a line surge is based on the expulsion of a mobile element, instead of the attraction of it, as it happens in conventional circuit breakers. Because of the lack of gap between the mobile element and the fixed one, the initial force over these parts will be more intense than in the conventional case, thus causing the mechanism actuation time to be shorter.

When both control device and protection one, which are object of the present invention are mounted in a sole housing, this fact results in a control and protection device having different characteristics.

There are several possibilities of application these control and protection devices, individually or together, in residential, commercial and industrial installations, because they can be used advantageously instead of relays or contactors, as well as some circuit breakers or fuses used today.

After describing such a brief introduction, the following is a .descriptive text about the invention which will show to the experts in the techniques of electric load protection and control, the superior performance of the devices which are object of the present invention.

In relation to Figure 1 of the drawings, a first achievement of the invention consists of a control device provided with a fixed first contact 1, in which the mobile contact 2 cooperates, attached to one end of the conductive plate (whether flexible or not) , being the other end electrically connected through a flexible conductor 4 to the terminal 5.

The control device also has a permanent magnet (or ferrite) 6 attached over the plate 3, as for example, the sound face turned to the core of the - 3 - ferromagnetic material (hollow cylinder-type for low residual flow) 9, in which the fixed coil 8 is mounted. Together with the magnet 6 through a rigid axis 10 composed of a nonmagnetic material is another permanent (or ferrite) 7 having for example, the north face turned to the same core 9.

The control circuit foresees a coil 8 connected in one end connected to a parallel capacitor- -resistor assembly which by turn are connected to the other line 12 of an electric network through a diode and a S switch. In the configuration shown in Figure 1,

Ci load, which will be controlled is in operation since it is connected to the line 11 of an electric network and to the fixed contact 1, closing the circuit through contact 2, plate 3, flexible conductor 4 and terminal 5, which is connected to the line 12. The responsible by the perfect closing of the contacts 1 and 2 is the magnet 2, which is attached to the core 9 through the magnetic force, pressing the plate 3, and as a result making pressure over the contact 2 against contact 1 via rigid axis 10, causing the position of C load in operation to be highly stable.

In order to open Ci load circuit(assuming the capacitor unloaded) , is sufficient to press S switch, because such an operation cause the capacitor to load instantaneously, creating a quantified current pulse (based on the value of capacitance and applied voltage) , in the direction of line 12 to line 11, which will run coil 8 creating a south face in the core 9 to the left side, and a north face to the right. The right side north face will repel the magnet 7 whose motion displace the plate 3 (because of the rigid axis 3) and therefore the contact 2, separating it from the contact 1, and opening the load circuit. Such a new position (Cj_ load out of operation) is also stable because the magnet 6 which was pulled by the magnet 7 via axis 10 will glue owing to the magnetic force in the core 9, and will maintain the load circuit in the opened position.

Note that the continuous pressure of S switch does not cause the C^ load to enter into operation since the capacitor acts as an open circuit and even through a small current can circulate in the coil 8, via resistor, such a small current is not sufficient to drive the mobile assembly - magnets 6 and 7 - axis 10 and plate 3, due to the correct dimensioning of the resistor. In order to drive the mobile assembly again,it is necessary ro remove the pressure over S switch during a time interval which is sufficient to unload capacitor via resistor.

With the capacitor unloaded, in order to close C]_ load, it is sufficient to press S switch again, thus forcing the capacitor to instantaneously load, which cause a quantified current pulse of line 12 to the line 11, which will run the coil 8 creating in the core 9 a south face to the left and a north one to right. The left side south face will repel the magnet 6 which during its motion, displaces the magnet 7 via rigid axis 10 and impels the plate 3 and therefore, the contact 2 placing it against the contact 2, thus closing the Cτ_ load circuit.

Obviously, the operation of opening and closing C^ circuit can be repeated as much as the fixed and mobile elements permit (in terms of durability) , being the control circuit operated with a sole trigger.

The control circuit electric supplying can be done indifferently by of an AC or DC current network due to the presence of the diode (optional at DC) , which is a serial or correctly polarized diode in the control circuit.

Due to the electrical independence between the control and load circuit, it is possible to adopt not only some different voltage levels in both circuits, but also different natures of power supplies. This fact permits the following combinations: a - DC control and load circuits; b - DC control circuit and AC control one; c - AC control circuit and DC control one; d - AC control and load circuit.

Since the energy pulse quantification for the state change of the device described herein is reached due to the presence of the capacitor in the control circuit, such a driving receives the name of Control by Quantified Capacitive Pulse.

A different shape for the control circuit is shown in the device of Figure 2, in which two S switches were used, being one of them, S_L, intended to turn on and the other one, S_D, is intended to turn off - and an additional fixed contact lb. In this figure, the same reference numbers as to the figure 2 were the most possible used. By verifying the device of Figure 2, one note that the control circuit driving depends on the S switch, which was pressed and also on the condition of the load circuit whether in operation or not.

In the configuration shown in Figure a, Ci load which will be controlled is in operation since it is connected to the line 11 of the electric network and also to the fixed contact (also connected to Switch S_D) , closing a circuit via contact 2, plate 3, flexible conductor 4 and terminal 5, which by its turn is connected to the line 12 of the electric network. The control circuit is disconnected due to the opened position of S switches and if the time elapsed since mechanism reached this configuration were sufficient to unload the capacitor through resistor, the control circuit is ready to be driven. The control circuit driving occurs by pressing S_D switch, so that the capacitor will instantaneously load, causing a quantified current pulse in the direction of line 12 to line 11, passing by the terminal 5, flexible wire 4, plate 3, contact 2, contact la, S~) switch, resistor-capacitor parallel association and coil 8, creating a south face in the core 9, to the left, and a north face to the right side. The right side north face will repel the magnet 7 (or ferrite) 7 which when moving, it will displace the plate 3 due to the rigid axis 10 and therefore the contact 2, separating the contact la, thus opening both the load and the control circuits.

As soon as contact 2 is separated from the contact la, thus opening the control circuit, the - 6 - capacitor starts the unloading process via resistor, preparing the control circuit for a new operation. Furthemore, the magnet (or ferrite) 6 which was pulled by the magnet 7 via axis 10, will glue to the core 9 due to the magnetic force,

5 holding both circuit and disconnecting one opened and both contacts 2 and lb joined together, so that the connecting circuit is kept in the "set up" position.

Note that if S_D switch remain pressed or if it is repeatedly pressed nothing occurs, that is, the load

10 and control circuits remain opened due to the lack of voltage in the contact la. The voltage is now applied to the contact lb.

With the capacitor in its unloading position, in order to close C^ load circuit it will be

15 sufficient to press S_L switch so that the capacitor instantaneously loads, causing a quantified current pulse in the direction of line 12 to the line 11, passing by terminal 5, flexible wire 4, plate 3, contact 2, contact lb, S_j. switch, resistor-capacitor parallel association and a north face to

20 the right side. The left side south face repels the magnet 6 via rigid axis 10 and impels the plate 3 and as a result also the contact 2, touching the contact la, and closing Ci load circuit, in addition of opening the control connecting circuit.

We verified that, if S_L remains pressed

25 or if it is repeatedly pressed nothing occurs, that is, the load circuit remains closed and the disconnecting one remains detached, since there is no voltage in the contact lb. The applied voltage passed to the contact la.

The way of connecting S switches as shown

30 in the device schematic (Figure 2) presents outstanding advantages in relation to the way shown in the schematic of Figure 1. Such a condition is due to the fact that S switches of Figure 2 device operate as if they had a memory, that is, the operation of turning Ci load on is possible only if it is

35 turned off (if it is already switched on, it is not possible to drive the control circuit) and vice versa, while S switch of Figure 1 device does not have such a feature (the control circuit is always driven independently of the fact that C]_ load is turned on or not) .

In such a configuration, the connecting/ disconnecting operations are also repetitive as it happens to the Figure 1 device. In this configuration it is not necessar to use a diode in the device control circuit, being the supplying originated from an electric network (DC or AC) .

Obviously, S_D and S_j. switches may be manufactured so that to prevent a simultaneous pressing of them.

The schematic shown in the Figure 3 dispense with the use of the resistor-capacitor parallel circuit, which is responsible by the capacitive quantification of the energy pulse which cause the mobile assembly to displace.

In this figure, the device is shown in such a position that its contacts permit the electric current passes through Cτ_ load. In the fixed contact la there is one of the terminals of the desconnecting switch, electrically connected to that fixed contact. When such a button is depressed, it is possible .the circulation of electric current in the direction of line 12 to line 11, via terminal 5, flexible wire 4, plate 3, contact 2, contact la, S_D switch and coil 8. The passage of current by coil causes the apperance of a south face to the left and a north to the right of the ferromagnetic core 9. The right side north face will repel the magnet (or ferrite) 7, which pulls the rigid axis 10, the magnet (or ferrite) 6, the plate 3 and the contact 2, separating it from the fixed current circulation whether in the load or by means of the control coil 8. The mobile assembly displacement is limited by the shock of the magnet 6 against the ferromagnetic core 9, causing the mobile assembly to glue in it, on account of the attraction magnetic force between the magnet 6 and core 9. At the time in which the contacts la and 2 are separated, the repulsive effect between the core 9 and the magnet 7 ceases due to the low retentiveness of the material of core 9.

Once the connection between the contacts la and 2 is undone by the mobile assembly displacement, the S_D switch can be held pressed or can be pressed repeatedly but the state already reached in not modified any more.

The new position has its stability assured by the attraction force between the magnet 6 and core 9, assuring a good electric connection between the contacts lb and 2.

In order to bring the load to^" the connection state again, it is sufficient to press S_j_ switch, which will permit the circulation of the current through the coil 8, in the direction of line 12 to line 11, now having the following way as a sequence: terminal 5, flexible wire 4, plate 3, contact 2, contact lb, S_L switch and coil 8. The current effect will be in accordance with the precedent description, causing the opening of the contact 2 and lb, and also causing thus the interruption of current passage through coil 8, returning back to the initial configuration with the contacts 2 and la (closed) the magnet 7 glued in core 9, C^ load in operation and the connecting circuit disassembled. Accordingly, the energy pulse if open or close the load contact is limited or quantified, due to the separation of the mobile contact 2 from the fixed contac la, or lb, taking into account the mechanical inertia of the mobile assembly, stopping the energetic pulse in the coil. For this reason, such a driving is called Control by Quantified Inductive Pulse.

In the manner of the device analyzed in Figure a, the device in the configuration of Figure 3, also shows a memory effect, that is, it is possible to turn the load off only if it is turned on, and it is possible to turn • the load on if it is turned off.

In such a configuration, in addition to the fact that is possible to dispense with the use of the resistor and capacitor parallel association, it is not necessary to use the diode. Without the current directional diode the mobile assembly is driven as soon as a magnetic face is created in the core 9, having an opposite polarity in relation to the polarity of the magnet (6 or 7) which is glued to it .

In Figure 4 a variation is shown about the construction of the device mobile part according to description of figures precedently analyzed. Such a mechanica variation results in a rotary motion of the magnets (or ferrite) 6 and 7 and the mobile contact 2 attached in the conductor plate 3 (whether flexible or not) around a pivot 10

The principle of operation to the device having such a configuration is the same as to the device described in figure 1, with the difference that the expulsion of the magnet (6 or 7) which is glued to the core 9 produces a rotary motion instead of a translational one as it happens in the device of Figure 1.

The device shown in the Figure 5 is constructively identical to the Figure 4 device, being its operation and electrical circuits analogue to the electric circuit of the Figure 2 device.

In the Figure 6 the same basic device of Figure 4 is shown, being its electrical circuit and principle of operation similar to those of the device of Figure 3.

The Figure 7 device has its magnetic circuit constituted by two cores 9a and 9b of magnetic material having a low residual flow in which a half part of the control coil 8 is wrapped. The control circuit has also as its part a resistor-capacitor parallel association, in series with the coil 8, a diode and a cutout switch S. The mobile assembly is composed of a flexible and conductive plate 3 pivoted in the point 10, in which two permanent magnets' (or ferrite) 6 and 7 are attached: one of them having, for example, the external north face turned to the left side core 9b and other face, for example, the external south one turned to the coil core 9a. Besides the magnets 6 and 7 there is the mobile contact 2 all of them united to the flexible plate 3. This plate is passible of executing a movement of bending around pivot 10 when submitted to the repulsive force arising between the core (9a or 9b) and the magnet (6 or 7) which is glued to it. Because of the spring action in the plate 3, the motion originated from the initial electromechanic pulse is completed when the magnet (6 or 7) which was not glued to the core reaches the other core (9a or 9b) located in front of it, and there remains glued by magnetic force effect arising among both of them. The electric circuit and the principle of operation of such a device are entirely similar to those of the device of figure 1. Both half coils which are wrapped around the core 9a and 9b are connected in series, so that when S switch is closed, and since the capacitor is unloaded, there will be a current pulse of line 5 to line 4 which, when circulating through the half coil of core 9b creates a north face in the left side, and when circulating through core coil 9a creates a south face at the left side.

If the mobile assembly is according to the situation of the figure - with C_ load turned on - the magnet 7 will be repelled in accordance with the polarity of the core 9a. On the contrary, if the mobile assembly is located at the left side in relation to the magnet 6, it glues to core 9b and the passage of the current pulse will cause the repulsion of this magnet 6, which places the device to the position of C_j_ load in operation.

The device of Figure 2 is constructively similar to the device of the Figure 7, having and additional fixed contact in order enable its operation as described to the device of Figure 2, dispensing with the serial diode with the control circuit.

In Figure 9, the device shown is mechanically identical to the device of the Figure 7. The difference consists in the connection of its control circuit. Each coil 8a or 8b is wrapped in the cores 9a and 9b and each of them belongs to a control circuit independent by itself, and also independent of the load supplying.

With the mobile assembly in the position shown in Figure 9, having C_j load in operation, when S_D switch is driven and since the capacitor of this function is unloaded, this mobile assembly will be instantaneously loaded, causing the circulation of a quantified current pulse of line 5 to line 4 which, circulating through coil 8a will create a south face in the left side of the core 9a, thus repelling the magnet (or ferrite) 7 and together with it, the entire mobile assembly, causing the open of connection between contacts 2 and 1, stopping the supplyng of Cτ_ load. In this configuration, there is no need of placing a serial diode with the control circuit, because when S_D switch is pressed, and if the supplying is originated from an alternated current source it is permitted to apply instantaneously a negative voltage in the circuit, causing the circulation of current in the direction of 4 to 5, which will create a north face to the left in the coil 8a and core 9a. This fact does not cause any kind of problem, because only the mobile assembly will be attracted with a stronger intensity. In converting the direction of the current in the subsequent semicycle, the magnet 7 will be repelled as procedently described.

If S~) is kept in closed position or its closing is consecutive after displacing the mobile assembly this fact has no influence in the state of the device. Once the magnet (or ferrite) 6 is glued to the core 9b it is sufficient to press S_L switch, causing the energization of the coil 8a with a quantified current in the direction of line 5 to line 4, which will induct a north face in the left side of this core and the consequent repulsion of the mobile assembly, with the closing of Cτ_ load circuit and the disassembling of S_L switch.

The configuration shown in this figure has the memory effect, as it has been described above.

In the device of Figure 10, it is shown another electrical variation of the same structure shown in the device of Figure 7. Such a variation consists of two independent driving coils 8a and 8b as shown in Figure 9:^" the coil 8a wrapped in the core 9a and the 8b wrapped in core^' 9b. There is a parallel circuit RC in series with each coil, being responsible by the quantification of the energetic pulse. One of the end of each coil is connected to the line 4" of the supplying via RC circuit and S switch, being the other end connected to the same fixed contact la which feeds the C^ load in case of the coil 8a, or in the fixed contact lb in case of the coil 8b.

With Cτ_ load in operation and the unload capacitor connected to S_D switch, in pressing this switch the current pulse resulting when is in the direction of line 5 to line 4 will create a south face on the left side of the core 9a, which will repel the magnet (or ferrite) 7 and the entire mobile assembly, opening the contact of the load and impeding a new energization of the coil 8a, even with an opposite polarity in case of the supplying in alternated current, if Sp switch is pressed again.

Once the load circuit is opened, the mobile contact is connected to the fixed contact lb by atraction effect between the magnet (or ferrite) 6 and the core 9b, by applying the potential of the wire 5 in the circuit of the coil 8b associated with the combination RC.

In order to place into operation the C^ load again, it is sufficient to press S_L switch, causing a current pulse in the coil 8b in the direction of line 5 to line 4, which will create a north face in the right side of the core 9b repelling the magnet 6 and the entire mobile assembly, which will place into connection the contacts 2 and la again.

In this configuration, it is not necessary also to put the diode in series with the several branches of driving.

This device also shows a memory effect. The device shown the Figure 11 has only one small alteration in the control circuit in relation to that which was described in the Figure 9, being the rest similar to this one. The change consists in eliminating the RC circuit, but the current of the control circuit will circulate in one of the coils, while the respective S_D or SL switch is pressed. Such a configuration is also the configuration of a quantified inductive pulse, althrough the quantification of the energetic pulse in the control circuit depends on the time of the pressing on S_D or S_L switch. In the other aspects, its operation is similar to the operation described for the device of Figure 9.

The Figure 12 device has a ferromagnetic core 9 with low retentiveness in a C-shape, in which the coil 8 is wrapped.

In the free ends of C there is a hole by which one may freely move a nonmagnetic axis 10, in which two magnets (or ferrite) 6 and 7 are attached, together with the conductive plate 3 and the mobile contact 2. Other variation of this constructive form is to have the fixed axis and to permit the motion of the magnets 6 and 7 only, together with the plate 3 and"contact 2.

The operation principle of such a device in its two versions is the same which has already been shown at the time of the analysis of the Figure 1.

The structure of the device of Figure 13, which also is feasible in two versions having fixed or mobile axis 10, is similar to that of the Figure 12, but is has an additional fixed contact lb. Its operation is similar to the operation described for the device of Figure 2.

In the device of the Figure 14 there is a constructive similarity with the device of the Figure 12, and an operational similarity with the device of the Figure 3. Obviously, this mechanism also accepts the possibility of the axis 10 being a mobile one, with the magnets (or ferrite) 6 and 7 as well the plate 3 and the contact 2 being attached to it or, the axis 10 being a fixed one with the set of magnets 6 and 7 as well as the contact 2 united and mobile, using the axis as a guide.

In the device of Figure 15, it is shown a mechanical variation of the device shown in the Figure 7. Here, the magnetic force acting in the magnets (or ferrite) 6 and 7 causes a movement of translation of them, which is restricted by the separation existing between the cores 9a and 9b.

As to the case of the devices of Figures 12, 13 and 14, there are two possibilities of a constructive implementation: one with the mobile axis 10, which can be displaced in the existing longitudinal hole in the cores 9a and 9b, pulling with it the magnets (or ferrite) 6 and 7, in addition to the plate 3 and the contact 2, or other possibility, in which the axis 10 is fixed and only the set of magnets 6 and 7 with the plate 3 and the contact 2 (united) can be moved by using the axis 10 as a guide.

Its operation is similar to the operation described for the device of Figure 7. The device of the Figure 16 is mechanically similar to that of the Figure 15, and it is electrically and operationally identical to the device of the Figure 8.

The device of the Figure 17 has the same mechanism of the device of Figure 15, plus an additional fixed contact lb, like to the device of the Figure 16. In the electric command circuit the combination of RC parallel was eliminated, being the quantification of the pulse inductively achieved according to the device of the Figure 3. The device of the Figure 18 is mechanically similar to the device of Figure 15, and electrically and operationally similar to the device of the Figure 9.

The device of Figure 19 is mechanically similar to the device of Figure 15 having an additional fixed contact, lb, and it is electrically and operationally similar to the device of Figure 10.

The device of the Figure 20 is mechanically similar to the device of the Figure 15 and electrically and operationally similar to the device of Figure 11.

The device of the Figure 21 is mechanically similar to the device of Figure 15 having an additional fixed contact, lb. With C-_[_ load in operation, according to the Figure 21, when S^ switch is pressed- a current pulse will run the left coil, 8a, creating a north face at the right end of the core 9a, which will repel the magnet (or ferrite) 7, and pulling with it the entire mobile assembly - magnet (or ferrite) 6, plate 3, contact 2 and axis 10 (if any) - thus opening the load circuit and stopping at the same time the current which circulates through the control coil 8a. At the end of its route, the magnet 6 will glue to the core 9b, causing the contact 2 to joint to contact lb, thus preparing the system for a new change of state.

In this conditions reached by the device, its no good to continue pressing S_D switch, since one of the ends of the coil 8a (connected to contact la) is opened, thus impeding the circulation of any current through it.

In order to make the mechanism return to its original state, it is sufficient to press S_L switch, which will cause the current pulse, which flows from line 12 to line 11, when running coil 8a, to create a south face to the left side of the core 9b, repelling the magnet and the entire mobile assembly, which will cause the opening of the contacts 2 and lb, as well as the interruption of the current circulating through coil 8b. At the end of its route, the magnet 7 is glued to the core 9a and the contacts 2 and la are closed, the disconnecting circuit is assembled again and the connecting one is disassembled.

In such a configuration, it is not necessary also a serial diode with the control circuits, since the circulation of current in the reverse direction, that is, from line 11 to line 12, in any state of the device, will cause only a larger attraction between the magnet and the core to which it is glued. At the time of converting of the current direction in the next half cycle of the alternated signal, the repulsion occurs normally.

Such a device also operates according to the principle of the quantified inductive pulse, as per description in the device of Figure 3. In the device of Figure 22, it is shown another constructive variation in which the ferromagnetic core is in a C shape, as the device of Figure 12, excepting by the fact that it is not necessary any holes in its free ends, and the mobile assembly is similar to the assembly shown in the device of the Figure 7, but the magnets (or ferrite) have their polarities, for example, in accordance with the drawing of the device of Figure 22. The operation and electric connection are done as per description in the device of Figure 1.

The device of Figure 23 is mechanically similar to the device of the Figure 22, having and additional fixed contact, being electrically and operationally similar to the device of Figure 2.

In the device of the Figure 4, however another variation of the device of Figure 22 is shown, being similar to this later, having only an additional fixed contact, being electrically and operationally similar to the device of Figure 3.

Figure 25 shows, a device constituted of two ferromagnetic, 9a and 9b in an opened U shape, in which a half control coil 8 is wrapped. The mobile assembly is constituted of a nonmagnetic bar 11 which moves around a pivot 10 located in its middle. In each end of bar 11 there are two magnets (or ferrite) 6a and 7a, and 6b and 7b, having opposite external polarities. In one of the ends between the magnets, there is a conductive place 3 inwhich the mobile contact 2 is attached. According to Figure, C_j_ load supplying is provided by means of the terminal 5, flexible wire 4, plate 3 and contacts 2 and 1.

With the assembly as shown in the Figure, a current pulse from line 13 to line 12 will produce, when closing S switch, for example, a south face to the left of core 9b, and to the right side of core 9a, which will repel magnets 7b and 7a respectively, making a motor binary over bar 11, causing it to turn around pivot 10. This motion opens contacts 2 and 1, stopping the current circulation at the load, leading the mobile assembly to assume its second stable position with the magnet 6a glued to the right side of core 9b and the magnet 6b glued to the left side of core 9a.

In order to return to the initial position, since the capacitor is unload, it is sufficient to press S switch again,- and the current pulse from line 13 to 12, which is running the coil 8 will produce a north face to the left of core 9a and to the right of core 9b which will repel respectively the magnets 6b and 6a.

Such a configuration, which is electrically analogous to device of Figure 1, operates with a quantified capacitive pulse.

The mechanism of Figure 26 device is similar to the mechanism of Figure 25, but has only one fixed contact, lb, additionally. The electric connection and the operation are similar to those of the device of Figure 2.

In the device of Figure 27, the mechanism is identical to the device of Figure 26, and its connection and operations are similar to those of device of Figure 3.

The device of Figure 28 shows, instead of two cores, as it happens in the Figures 25, 26 and 27, four ferromagnetic cores: 9a, 9b, 9c and 9d, in which a part of the coil 8 is wrapped. Its mobile assembly, electric connection and operation are similar to those described to device of Figure 25.

In the device of Figure 29, it is shown a mechanism similar to the mechanism of Figure 28, having an additional fixed contact, lb. The electric connections and the operation are similar to those for device of Figure 2.

Figure 30 shows a device which is mechanically identical to the device of Figure 29, and its electric connections and operations are similar to those for device of Figure 3. The device of Figure 31 is mechanically similar to device of Figure 28, but the parts of the coil 8a are wrapped over the cores 9a and 9c and they are connected in series, as it happens to the parts of coil 8a, which are wrapped over cores 9b and 9d. The electric circuit resultant and the operation remain similar to the device of Figure 9.

In Figure 32, the device is mechanically similar to the device of Figure 31 with an additional fixed contact, lb. The coils over the cores are connected as per the coils of the device of Figure 31, being their electric circuit and operation similar to the device of Figure 10.

Figure 33 shows a device which is mechanically similar to the device of Figure 31 with an additional fixed contact, lb. The coils also are connected as per the coils of the device of Figure 31, being their electric circuit and operation according to device of Figure 21.

The device of Figure 34 is mechanically similar to the device of Figure 31, having two coils connected in the manner of this latter. Its electric circuit and operation are in accordance with the device of Figure 11.

The device shown in Figure 35 is constituted of two ferromagnetic cores 9a and 9b in which two halves of a coil 8 are wrapped. The core are hollow so that to permit the translation motion of the nonmagnetic pistons 10a and 10b impelled by the two magnets (or ferrite) 6 and 7 which slide within a pipe made of plastic, glass or other nonmagnetic material 11. The principle of operation is the same as described for the device of Figure 15.

In the condition shown at the device of Figure 35, the load is in operation, being the piston 10a pressed against the force of a spring 12a, closing the mobile contact 2, which is mounted over a flexible plate 3, against the fixed contact 1.

In order to open the load circuit, it is sufficient to press S button, causing a current to circulate through the coil, so that to create, for example, a north face in the left side of core 9a, which will repel the magnets 7 and 6, causing the piston 10a - under spring action - to return to its rest position, thus permitting the opening of the contacts 1 and 2.

In order to close the load circuit again, it is sufficient to press S switch again, and, with the capacitor unloaded, the circulation of current in coil 8 will be permitted, as described for device of Figure 1.

This arrangement of the mobile parts and - 19 - contacts applies to device whose ferromagnetics structure and electric connection were both shown in Figures: 12, 13, 14, 1 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21.

The device shown in Figure 36 is constituted by a reed-type flip-flop relay in which two coils are wrapped, one of them for switching on, 8a, and the other for switching off, 8b. The electric feeding of the device is provided by the terminal 9 connected to line 6 of the electric network, and to the mobile central conductive plate made of a ferromagnetic material, 3.

C_]_ load, to be controlled, is connected to the terminal 10, which is also connected to the fixed conductive plate made of a ferromagnetic material, la, in which is placed a permanent magnet (or ferrite) 7, in its external part in relation to the bulb made of an insulating and solid material 4.

In the terminal 10 the control circuit is also connected in order to turn the device on by means of S^ switch. In the terminal 11 connected with the fixed conductive place made of a nonferromagnetic conductive material, lb, the control circuit is connected in order to switch Cτ_ load on, by means of S_L switch.

With the device in the condition shown in Figure 36, in order to switch Cτ_ load on it is sufficient to press S^ switch, and with the capacitor unloaded, a quantified current pulse from line 6 to line 5 via plates 3 and lb, S_j. switch, capacitor and coil 8a will create, for example, a south face at the free end of blade 3, which will be attracted by plate la due, for example, to the north face inducted in its left free end by the magnetic 7. When capacitor is being loaded, the current pulse ceases and, after displacing blade 3, the mobile contact 2 opens with plate lb. Plate 3, being attracted by plate la remains in this position due to the magnetic force which is created by magnet 7 over plate 3. Thus, the load is turned on and S_L switch is inoperative. When contact 2 is opened with plate lb, the capacitor starts the unloading process. The opening of the device is achieved by pressing S_D switch, since a quantified current pulse will act over the coil 8b, inducting, for example, a north face at the right side free end of plate 3, which will be repelled, for example, by the north face inducted by plate 7 at the left free end of plate la.

The device of Figure 36 is controlled by a quantified capacitive pulse.

The device of Figure 37 is constructively and electrically similar to the Figure 36, with the difference characterized by the fact that the quantified energetic pulse, in this case, is an inductive pulse.

Figure 38 shows a variation of the quantifier circuit of the capacitive pulse. In this figure, the quantification of the pulse is given by the correct dimensioning of the capacitor. The resistor connection in parallel to the serial capacitor-inductor assembly, in the configuration known as free RLC, provides a large flexibility of dimensioning of the oscillating circuit, enabling times of capacitor discharge lower than those reached in the connections precedently shown. Other advantage of this configuration is that the current circulating through resistor, in case of S switch be held pressed, does not pass by the circuit of the coil. In general, such a configuration can be adopted in all the variations where the control by quantified capacitive pulse occurs, that is, Figures: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 3? and 36. Obviously, any of the control device which were already shown can be multipassages.

In order to reach this purpose there are two ways to be followed:

1st - by means of a mechanical coupling of the contacts of the several ways (passage) in a sole mobile assembly, so that there is only a magnetic assembly controlled by a sole phase; 2st - by means of electric coupling of contacts of the several ways, being, in this particular case, each mobile assembly - in which the contacts of a way are coupled - controlled by a magnetic assembly.

The method by which these magnetic assemblies are excited further determines some variations of such a second way.

Suppose a number of ways to control equals three, that is, a three-phase supplying network.

At the begining it's possible to associate three mechanisms, as shown in Figure 1, in parallel, so that the coil of each of them is excited by the current of the own controlled phase, as per Figure 39. With this mechanism it would be possible to connect its control coils to a sole phase among the controlled phases, or even to other source independently of the load feeding. These two variations apply to the mechanism described and shown'by Figures: 1, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 or 35.

Other method for electric coupling of the mobile assemblies is to associate two mechanisms similar to the mechanism of Figure 1, and a third mechanism similar to the one of Figure 2. In this case the three mechanisms can only be controlled by the current of the phase in which the mechanism shown in Figure 2 is connected. The general characteristic of the control circuit and connection of the devices is according to Figure 40. In such a case, the central device can be replaced with any device which is shown in Figures: 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 13, 14, 16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32 or 33 and the other two lateral devices with any of ones which were shown in Figures: 1, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 or 35.

A third alternative of mobile assembly electrical association is according to Figure 41. Here the basic mechanism, located in the center of figure, is the same shown in Figure 21, being the two lateral as-per Figure 18. Here also the feeding of the control coils of the three devices is supplied from the phase which is connected to the central device of the central device of the figure. It is possible to place here any of the central devices in Figures: - 22 -

10, 19, 21 or 35 and as lateral device, any one shown in Figures: 1, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 or 35.

Figure 42 ilustrates a control device

5 (the device shown in Figure 1) which was adapted to operate as a protection device. Basically, it is the same control device described, with the add of its magnetic circuit of a coil having a small number of threads and a thick wire, 8c, wrapped in the same magnetic core 9, being crossed by the load

10 current, since it is connected in series to this. Its electric circuit has a thermal device, 11, which is also connected in series to the load. The thermal device is dimensioned to act in case of overloads.

Coil 8c is wrapped so that to create a

15 north face at right side of core 9, when it is crossed by an excessive current in the direction of line 13 to line 12, which repels the magnet (or ferrite) 7 glued to it, causing the mobile assembly-magnets 6 and 7, axis 10, plate 3 and contact 2 - to displace, opening the circuit of C_ load.

20 The value of current to be considered as excessive will be adjusted in accordance with the nominal current of the protection device, throught a number of threads of the coil 8c, as well as the residual field of the magnet 7.

Should the protection device is operating

25 in AC network its actuation will occur in the first positive half cycle which is producing an excessive current in the direction of line 13 to 12. Should the short-circuit occurs during a negative alternation, the device waits for the next positive alternation in order to act.

30 The number of threads of the coil 8c and the residual field of the magnet 7 are in such a way that with working currents or normal transient currents a field is not produced in the core 9 which is able to repel the mobile assembly.

35 The reset may be manual by means of a pin protruding to the outside of the device housing, being this pin united to the axis 10, that the mere pressure over it dis¬ places themagnet 7 which is glued to core 9 by magnetic force of attraction between the magnet and the ferromagnetic core.

Other possibility is the automatic reset by using S switch and wrapping the primitive control device causing it to act as described in Figure 1. In order to switch intentionally the protection device it is sufficient that such a device is switched on and the capacitor is unloaded, because the pressure over S switch provides the energy pulse for the state change. This mechanism applies to every configuration of control device, where only one actuating coil exists as in the Figures: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23 and 24.

The protection device which is shown in Figure 43 is the control device of Figure 7, modified with a coil having a small number of threads and a thick wire, being this coil wrapped around the core 9a of the disconnecting coil of the control device in series with the thermal element 11 and the load. Its operation is similar to that described for the protection device of Figure 42.

This configuration is valid to the control device having a split or quadripartire coil and a control circuit independent from the load as in Figures: 7, 9, 11, 15, 18, 20, 25, 28, 31 and 34; as well as to control device having a split or quadropartite coil and control circuiteswhichdepends on the load position, as in Figures: 8, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29 and 30; and to control devices having two coils (whether split or not) and control circuit which depends on the load position, as in Figures: 10, 19, 21, 32 and 33. In order to reset the mechanism after its actuation, a manual device can be used, according to description for the protection device of Figure 42 or it is possible to use the own connecting coil which is driven by Sj. switch in any of the configurations of the control device mentioned above.

Figure 44 shows a protection device constructed from the control device described in Figures 36 and 37. In this type of construction there is also a coil carrying the load current, 8c, wrapped in a direction that produces a flow with the same polarity as to that produced by connecting coil, when crossed by this load current. When the load current instantaneously produces a field surpassing the field inducted in plate 3 by the magnet (or ferrite) 7 via plate la having a polarity identical to the inductive field, plate 3 will be repelled by plate 3, causing the opening of contacts 2 and la, stopping the circulation of current in the load.

Here, as in Figures 42 and 43, the circulation of an alternating current is also capable of powering the device at the time in which its alternation is favorable to the field production by coil 8c, with a polarity as per description above.

The device reset is possible by closing S^ switch, which will produce a capacitive or inductive pulse, in accordance with the configuration of the control circuit.

In Figure 45, another variation is shown to the protection device against short-circuit currents. The protection element against overloads continues to be any thermal device connected in series with the magnetic element.

The magnetic atuation element is responsible, as in Figures 42, 43 and 44 by protection against short-circuits currents.

Such an element is constituted of a ferromagnetic core 9, longitudinally perforated so that to permit free motion of two semiaxles, 10a and 10b, made of a nonmagnetic material in their interior. There is an united magnet to each semiaxle, 6a and 6b, having the same north polarity, for example, turned to core 9. There is a plate, 3a and 3b, united to each permanent magnet, whether flexible or not, in which contacts 2a and 2b are attached, respectively.

Over such a core two coils are wrapped: one coil having a thick wire and small number of threads, 8c, and the other having a thin wire and several threads, 8a. Two main fixed contacts la and lb cooperate with the mobile contacts 2a and 2b, as well as two auxiliary fixed contacts 7a and 7b. The number of thread of the coil 8c and the residual field of the permanent magnets are in such a way that the device does not operate with a current identical to the nominal one, or with normal transient currents.

There is still two other ferromagnetic cores, 12a and 12b, which are also longitudinally perforated 5 and aligned with the core 9, so that they act as a guide to the axes 10a and 10b, respectively. Over these cores two coil having several threads and a thin wire are wrapped, 13a and 13 Each thread having an end connected to contacts 7a and 7b respectively. 10 The load current crosses the magnetic actuation element, passing by contacts lb and 2b, plate 3b, flexible 4b, terminal 5b, coil 8c, terminal 5a, flexible wire 4a, plate 3a and contacts 2a and la.

When the electric supplying is in direct 15 current (DC) , this will be a particular case when the supplying is in alternating current.

Should the short-circuit current appears during a positive alternation of wave, the direction of the current will be from line 15 to line 1 , causing a north face 20 to the right and a south face to the left in the core 9, for example. With such a polarization of the ferromagnetic core, the magnet 6a will be attractedmore strongly against the core 9, holding contacts 2a and la closed, while the magnet 6b will be repelled by the north face of the core, opening the 25 contacts 2b and lb, and thus stopping the surge current. The magnet 6b displacement will be eliminated by the core 12b, remaining attached there by the attraction magnetic force between the magnet and the core. With the motion of axis 10b, its right side end will exceed the limits of the protection 30 device housing, 16, indicating that the same acted on account of the short-circuit current. Is this position the contacts 2b and 7b remain closed.

The protection device reset may be performed manually by pressing the protruding end of the axis 35 10b, up to the point in which the magnet 6b is attracted by the core 9, closing the contacts lb and 2b again, and restoring the load feeding. The automatic reset is achieved by pressing S_R switch, which cause a current pulse which, when circulating through coil 13b in the direction of line 15 to line 14, it causes the appearance of a south face to the left side of core 12b, which will repel the magnet 6b as well as the entire mobile assembly of the right side, opening the contacts 2b and 7b, which makes any operation over the coil 13b inoperative. The displacement of the mobile assembly will cause the closing of contacts lb and 2b, restoring the load feeding.

Should the short-circuit current is present during a negative alternation of the wave, the direction of the current will be from line 14 to the line 15, causing a north face to the left and a south face to the right side on core 9, for example. The assembly to displace will be the assembly connected to the magnet 6a and the load contacts to be opened will be the contact la and 2a, stopping the surge current. With the motion of the magnet 6a, the contacts 2a and 7a remain closed by the attraction magnetic force between this magnet and the core 12a.

The reset may be also manual, as per description above, by pressing the same S_R switch, which will cause a current pulse in the coil 12a, that when crossing it from line 14 to line 15, will produce a south face at the right side of core 12a, repelling the magnet 6a a the entire mobile assembly at the left side. The displacement of this mobile assembly closes the contacts 2a and la, restoring the supplying in the load, and inhibiting the current circulation in the coil 12a.

The intentional opening of the protection device is achieved by driving S_D switch, which will cause a current pulse from line 15 to line 14, due to the diode in the coil 8a, producing a north face to right and a south face to the left side of core 9a. The right side north face repels the right mobile assembly and opens contacts lb and 2b, stopping the load supplying. The contact 2b and 7b remain closed, preparing the device for a new automatic reset - or manual one -, at the same time in which the coil 8a remains inoperative.

Such a device has the additional advantage over other devices shown in the present document, because it has an actuation time which will be within the first semicycle of the wave of surge current.

For protecting poliphasic circuits, one may associate several devices, as required, one for each line, having the semiaxles mechanically united so that the driving caused by a surge current in one phase will cause all the remainder phases to be stopped at the same time.

We will illustrate now, by means of brief examples, the potenciality and flexibilities of the use of these control devices in electrical installations for residential, commercial and industrial purposes.

In residential installations,the main problem is the need of the manual multiple control for lamps, that is the possibility of turning on and off the same load by means of several points as it may be desired.

By using the traditional technology this goal is achieved by means of special control switch (parallel and intermediate contact breakers) and increasing the wiring length, which may cause several problems, as follows: - technical difficulties: the interconnections even those using thick wires (Cu 1,5mm² gage, at least) , - since that all of them in a certain configuration of the circuit will charge the load current, in view of the declivities for parallel and intermediate contact breakers - have their length increased, which means an increase in the voltage drop at the load, and a reduction in the electrical efficiency of the installation;

- economical difficulties: the connection of each parallel contact breaker in the circuit require the connection of three wires and each intermediate contact breaker requires the connection of four wires (all of them having at least a 1,5mm² gage, in Cu) as well as the special contact breakers which by themselves have a high cost;

- safety difficulties: the phase wire is sometimes present in the control box, affecting the user's safety.Furthermore, when the installation is performed by some experts which, for reasons of convenience or economy, make use of abnormal connections of the parallel and intermediate contact breaker. by applying the network potential difference in the terminal of these switches, propiciating the appearance of electrical archs in those switches, endangering the whole installation.

In order to entirely replace the traditional technology, having also technical, economical and safety advantages it is possible to use any device described in Figures 1, 4, 7, 12, 15, 22, 25, 28 and 35, because:

- technically: there will no voltage drop in the wiring between the load and the points of control; - economically: a sole return wire is used (24 - 30 AWG) in the control by means of driving switches (belt-type button) ;

- safety: the control can be done by placing the neutral conductor of the installation until the switch.

Figure 46 ilustrates how an electric installation having manual multiple control could be done by using these devices.

In commercial or industrial installations, where a multiple control is required, and the driving in not only manual, involving, for example, programable timing controls, as well as controls of adjustable photoelectrical actuation for different level of lighting, any devices described in Figures: 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 13, 14, 16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32 and 33 can be used. These devices show the same advantages procedently described, although in such a case three thin wires are used in the control (24 - 30 AWG) , being possible to have an indication next to the driving switch, that the load is turned on or turned off (a remote supervision of the load) , which is not possible in the schema of Figure 46. The schema for this installation is according to Figure 47.

Figure 48 shows another schema for installation having all the advantages of the schema shown in Figure 47. Nevertheless, because of the use of the devices which were presented in Figures: 9, 10, 11, 18, 19, 20, 21, 31 and 34, it is possible to use only two thin wires (24 - 30 AWG) in the control circuit.

Obviously, in any of these schematic diagram for installation precedently described it is possible to control, by means of the same control switches, instead of a load, a set of load, connected to several devices at the same time, as if all the loads were connected in parallel to a sole device having capacity identical to the sum of the capacity of all devices controlled by the same control switches. This would be equivalent to perform a sole possibility of combination of the control of "p" devices: combination of "p" devices "p" to "p" . Such a solution is adopted on electrical installations for lighting of large areas, like airports and areas of big buildings, where the component circuit of .the installation in question are controlled.

In addition to the multiple control above mentioned, all the combinatory possibilities for controlling "p" devices could be introduced in their driving: "1 to 1", "2 to 2" etc, up to "p to p" , which could characterize the existence of "2p - 1" control switches, one for each possibility. The combinatory control is useful when electric load should be controlled (for example, lamps). In case of lighting, such a control can be used when the control of several itineraries is desired, by means of individual control points in large residential installations, hospital, schools, shopping centers, airports, etc.

Figure 49 shows an example where the number of loads to control is identical to 4, that is "p *= 4".

In the control circuit pulsing reversible keys are used, which can be replaced with two bell-type buttons each, small diodes (BY-100-type, for example) and devices in accordance with Figures 9, 10, 11, 18, 19, 20, 21, 31 and 34.

During all description of the several mechanisms shown in the present report, it was clearly explained that the state change of those control devices is accomplished by means of a quantified energetic pulse and, whatever states follow for the same, it is not necessary to maintain the device coil energized in order to hold this state. Due to this characteristic, it is possible to make simplified machine panel board, since the device can be switched off or on likewise, on the contrary of the relays and traditional contactors in which the ON switch is in parallel with the control coil and the OFF switch is in series with this coil.

Claims

1. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device characterized for having at least one contact (1) , a mobile contact (2) mounted over a conductive element (3) whether flexible or not, capable of assuming a first configuration of contact between the mobile contact (2) and the mentioned fixed contact (1) , and a second configuration in which the mobile contact (2) is out of the mentioned fixed contact (1) .

2. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device characterized for having at least a first fixed contact (la) , a second fixed contact (lb) , a mobile contact (2) mounted over a conductive element (3) whether flexible or not, capable of assuming a first configuration of contact between the mobile contact (2) and the mentioned first fixed contact (la) and a second configuration of contact between the mobile contact (2) and the mentioned fixed contact (lb) .

3. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY

MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device characterized for consisting of an electriG device (8, 8a, 8b) - magnetic (9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) - mechanical (10) which, under repulsion of a permanent magnet (or ferrite 7, 7a, 7b) leads the mentioned conductive element (3) to assume mentioned first configuration and to maintain this configuration by the attraction force of a permanent magnet (or ferrite 6, 6a, 6b) , which by a repulsion force to a permanent magnet (6, 6a, 6b) leads the mentioned conductive element (3) to assume the mentioned second configuration and to maintain it by attraction force of a permanent magnet (7, 7a, 7b) .

4. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECH IQUE, beinf the control device in accordance with claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the mentioned electromagnetic device foresees a fixed coil (8) performed in a sole time or subdivided into two or more parts having, in its interior or in the interior of each .part, a core (9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) made of magnetic material having a low residual flow.

5. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 1, 2, or 3, characterized by the fact that the mentioned electromagnetic device foresees two fixed coils (8a, 8b) performed in a sole time or each of them subdivided into two parts having, in its interior or in the interior of each part, a core (9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) made from a magnetic material having a low residual flow.

6. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized by the fact that the mentioned mechanic device comprises whether: a rigid axis (10) , fixed or mobile which, through a translational movement leads the mentioned permanent magnets (or ferrites 6, 7) as well as the mentioned conductive element (3) to assume and mantain the mentioned first and second configurations, or: a pivot (10) which or around which and by a rotary motion the mentioned permanent magnets (or ferrites 6, 6a, 6b, 7, 7a, 7b) and the mentioned conductive element (3) are led to assume and maintain the mentioned first and second configurations, or around which and by movement of bending (spring action) , if the mentioned conductive element (3) is flexible, leads the mentioned permanent magnets (or ferrites 6, 7) and the mentioned conductive element (3) to assume and maintain the mentioned first and second configurations or: a rigid pipe made from nonferromagnetic material (11) acting as a guide to the mentioned permanent magnet (s) (or ferrite(s) 6 and/or 7), which, under translational motion leads the pistons (10a and 10b) as well as the mentioned conductive element (3) to assume and maintain the mentioned first and second configurations or, a flexible and conductive ferromagnetic element (3) which by means of a movement of bending is attracted or repelled for a fixed conductive ferromagnetic element (la) and thus assumes and maintains thementioned first and second configurations.

7. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, characterized for having a control circuit, whose supplying is independent from the position of the mentioned conductive element (3) , being supplied from an AC or DC electric network, and having in the mentioned control circuit a capacitor (C) - resistor (R) parallel association in series with a diode (optional on DC) , a coil (8) and one or more (in case of multiple control) cutout switches (S) .

8. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY

MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECH IQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, characterized by the fact that the mentioned control circuit foresees one or more (in case of multiple control) cutout switches (S) in series with a capacitor (C) - coil (8) association, in parallel with a resistor (R) .

9. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized for having two control circuits, whose supplying are independent from the position of the mentioned conductive element (3) , supplied from an AC or _OC electric network and having in each mentioned control circuit one or more (in case of multiple or combinatory controls) cutout switches (S_D or SL) •

10. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6, characterized for having two control circuits, whose supplying are independent from the position of the mentioned conductive element (3) , supplied from an AC or DC electric network and having in each mentioned control circuit a coil (8a or 8b) in series with one or more (in case of multiple or combinatory controls) cutout switches (Sp and/or SL) • 11. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY

MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 or 8, characterized for having a control circuit, whose supplying - 34 - depends on the position of the mentioned conductive element (3) , supplied from an AC or DC electric network by means of the mentioned conductive element (3) and the mentioned fixed contacts (la, lb) and mobile contact (2) , having in the 5 mentioned control circuit one or more (in case of multiple control) pairs or nonpairs of cutout switches (Sp, SL) .

12. CONTROLAND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 2,3, 4 and 6,

10 characterized for having a control circuit, whose supplying depends on the position of the mentioned conductive element (3) supplied from an AC or DC electric network and by means of the mentioned conductive element (3) and the mentioned mobile contact (2) and fixed contacts (la, lb) , having in the

15 mentioned control circuit a coil (8) in series with one or more (in case of multiple control) pairs or nonpairs of cutout switches (SQ, SL) •

13. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the

20 control device in accordance with claims 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized for having two control circuits, whose supplying depend on the position of the conductive element (3) , supplied from an AC or DC electric network, by means of the mentioned conductive element (3) and the mentioned mobile

25 contact (2) and the fixed one (la, lb) , and having in each mentioned control circuit one or more (in case of multiple or combinatory controls) cutout switches (S_D or SL) .

14. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the

30 control device in accordance with claims 2, 3, 5 and 6, characterized for having two control circuits, whose supplying depend on the position of the mentioned conductor element (3) , supplied from an AC or DC electric network, by means of the mentioned conductive element (3) and the

35 mentioned mobile contact (2) and fixed contact (la, lb) , and having in each mentioned control circuit a coil (8a or 8b) in series with one or more (in case of multiple or combinatory control) cutout switches (Sβ or SL) .

15. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device characterized for comprising an electric device (8a, 8b) - magnetic (3, la) - mechanical (3), which by attraction force to a conductive ferromagnetic plate (la) , polarized by a permanent magnet (or ferrite 7) , leads the mentioned conductive element (3) to assume the mentioned first configuration and maintain it by attraction force to a conductive ferromagnetic plate (la) , which by repulsion force to a conductive plate (la) leads the mentioned conductive element (3) to the mentioned second configuration and maintain it by spring action.

16. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claim 2, characterized^" y the fact that the mentioned electromagnetic device foresees two coils (8a, 8b) wrapped over a bulb made from a solid, transparent and nonmagnetic material, having in its interior two conductive ferromagnetic plate (3, la) and a conductive nonferromagnetic plate (lb) .

17. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 2, 15 and 16, characterized by the fact that the mentioned mechanical device comprises a conductive ferromagnetic plate (3) which by a movement of bending is led to assume and maintain the mentioned first and second configurations.

18. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 2, 7 or 8, 15, 16 and 17, characterized for having two control circuits, whose supplying depend on the position of the mentioned conductive ferromagnetic conductor (3) , supplied from an AC or DC electric network through the mentioned conductive ferromagnetic element (3) and the mentioned mobile contact (2) , conductive ferromagnetic plate (la) and conductor nonferromagnetic plate (lb) and having in each mentioned control circuit one or more (in case of multiple or combinatory controls) cutout switches (S_D or SL) •

19. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordancewith claims 2, 15, 16 and 17, characterized for having two control circuits, whose supplying depend on the position of the mentioned ferromagnetic element (3) , supplied from an AC or DC electric network, through the mentioned conductive ferromagnetic element (3) and the mentioned mobile contact (2) , conductive ferromagnetic plate (la) and conductive nonferromagnetic plate (lb) and having in each mentioned control circuit a coil (8a or 8b) in series with one or more (in case of multiple or combinatory controls) cutout switches (S_Q or SL) •

20. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with claims 1 thru 19, characterized by the fact that in assuming, for example, the mentioned first configuration, a load circuit is completed (Cτ_) , by means of the mentioned conductive element (3) , and at the same time a second load circuit (C2) remains opened and in assuming, the mentioned second configuration, the load circuit (C2) is completed through the mentioned conductive element (3) at the same time in which the first load circuit (Cτ_) is opened.

21. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY

MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device is accordance with the claims 1 thru 14, characterized by the fact that it can control polyphases load inmultiways circuits, and having a sole mentioned mechanical device (10) to which the mobile contacts having several ways is related.

22. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with the claims 1, 3, 4, 6 , 7 or 8, characterized by the fact that there is a parallel association of these devices, one to each phase, having its control circuits fed from the phases which are controlled and independent in a sole insulating housing and having a sole control trigger for the assembly.

23. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with the claims 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 or 8, characterized by the fact that there is a parallel association of these devices, being one to each phase, having its control circuit fed from a sole controlled phase, being all of them within a common insulating housing and having a sole control trigger for the assembly.

24. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY

MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with the claims 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 or 8, 11 and 12, or in accordance with claims 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, 9 and 10, characterized by the fact that there is a parallel association of these devices,being one to each phase, having the supplying of its control circuit dependent on the position of the contacts of only one of the devices, being all of them within a sole insulating housing and having a sole control trigger for the assembly.

25. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY

MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the control device in accordance with the claims 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 or 8, 13 and 14 or in accordance with claims, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 or 8, 9 and 10, characterized by the fact that there is a parallel association of these devices, being one to phase, having the supplying to its control circuits dependent on the position of the contacts of only one device, being all within a sole insulating housing and having a sole control trigger for the set.

26. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY

MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 - or 8, characterized for having any thermal device (11) , associated in series with a load current coil (8c) associated in series with the load and wrapped over the mentioned ferromagnetic core (9, 9a, 9c).

27. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 or

8 and 26, characterized by the fact that the time of opening of the mentioned load contacts (1 and 2) , at the occasion of the circulation of a short-circuit current by the mentioned load current coil (8c) , occurs within the first cycle of the short-circuit current.

28. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 or 8, 26 and 27, characterized by the fact that the circulation of a short-circuit current by the mentioned load current coil (8c) cause a repulsion between the mentioned ferromagnetic core (9, 9a, 9c) and the mentioned permanent magnet (or ferrite) (7, 7a, 7b), causing the displacement of the mentioned mechanic device (10) and the opening of the mentioned load contacts (1 and 2) .

29. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 or 8, 26, 27 and 28, characterized by the fact that the reset of the protection device is manually performed through the motion of the mentioned mechanic device (10) which protrudes to the outside of the housing of the mentioned protection device, at the occasion of its actuation by means of a short-circuit current.

30. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 or

8, 26, 27, 28 and 29, characterized by the fact that the reset, after the incidence of a short-circuit current, as well as the intentional opening of such a protection device, occurs through the mentioned driving switch (S) and the mentioned control circuit coil (8) of the original control device.

31. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 1 thru 7 or 8 and

9 thru 14, characterized for having any thermal device (11), associated in series with a load current coil (8c) associated - 39 - in series with the loadandwrapped over the mentioned ferromagnetic core (9a, 9b) .

32. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 1 thru 7 or 8 and 9 thru 14 and 31, characterized by the fact that the time of opening of the mentioned load contacts (1 or la and 2) , at the occasion of the circulation of a short-circuit load by the mentioned load current coil (8c) occurs within the first cycle of the short-circuit current.

33. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 1 thru 7 or 8 and 9 thru 14, 31 and 32, characterized by the fact that the circulation of a short-circuit current by the mentioned load current coil (8c) causes a repulsion between the mentioned ferromagnetic core (9a, 9c) and the mentioned permanent magnet (or ferrite) (7, 7a, 7b), causing the displacement of the mentioned mechanic device (10) and the opening of the mentioned load contacts (1 or la and 2) .

34. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 1 thru 7, or 8 and 9 thru 14, 31, 32 and 33, characterized by the fact that the reset of the reset of the protection device be manual by means of the motion of the mentioned mechanic device (10) which protrudes to the outside of the housing of the mentioned protection device, at the occasion of its actuation by means of a short-circuit current.

35. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES B

MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 1 thru 7 or 8 and 9 thru 14, 31, 32, 33 and 34, characterized by the fact that reset after the incidence of a short-circuit current, as well as the intentional opening of this protection device occurs by means of the mentioned control switch (S, SL, S^) , and the mentioned control coil (8, 8b, 8a) of the original control device.

36. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 2, 7 or 8, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, characterized by the fact that it may have or

5 not any thermal device (11) associated in series with a load current coil (8c) , associated in series with the load and wrapped over a bulb made from a solid, insulating and nonmagnetic material.

37. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY 10 MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 2, 7 or 8, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 36, characterized by the fact that the time of opening of the mentioned load contacts (la and 2) , at the occasion of the circulation of a short-circuit current by the 15 mentioned load current coil (8c) , occurs within the first cycle of the short-circuit current.

38. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 2, 7 or 8, 15, 16,

20 17, 18, 19, 36 and 37, characterized by the fact that the circulation of a short-circuit current by the mentioned load current coil (8c) causes a repulsion between the mentioned conductive ferromagnetic plate (la) and the mentioned flexible conductive ferromagnetic plate (3) , causing the displacement

25 of the mentioned mechanic device (3) and the opening of the mentioned load contacts (la and 2) .

39. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 2, 7 or 8, 15, 16,

30 17, 18, 19, 36, 37 and 38, characterized by the fact that the reset after the incidence of a short-circuit, as well as the intentional opening of this protection device occurs by means of the mentioned control switch (SL, S_D) and of the mentioned control coil (8b, 8a) of the original control device.

35 40. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY

MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device characterized by the fact of having any thermal device (11) associated in series with a load current - 41 - coil (8c) associated in series with the load by means of two pairs of fixed and mobile load contacts (la, lb) (2a, 2b) , and wrapped over a core made from a magnetic material having a low residual flow (9) .

41. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY

MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claim 40, characterized for having two semiaxles made from a nonmagnetic material (10a, 10b) with independent movement, to which two permanent magnets (or ferrites) (6a, 6b) are attached, united to the mobile load contacts (2a, 2b) .

42. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 40 and 41, characterized by the fact of having two auxiliary contacts (7a, 7b) each of them being connected to an auxiliary coil having many threads (13a, 13b) , wrapped over a core made from a magnetic material having a low residual flow (12a, 12b) , which is aligned with the mentioned ferromagnetic core (9) and which has a longitudinal flow permiting the displacement of the mentioned semiaxles (10a, 10b) in its interior.

43. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 40, 41 and 42, characterized by the fact that the circulation of a short-circuit current by the mentioned load current coil (8c) causes a repulsion between the mentioned ferromagnetic core (9) and one of the mentioned permanent magnets (6a, 6b) depending on the instantaneous direction of the short-circuit current in the load coil, causing the displacement of one of the mentioned semiaxles (10a, 10b) , with the consequent opening of the load contacts associated to it (la-2a or lb-2b).

44. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 40, 41, 42 and 43, characterized by the fact that the intentional opening of this protection device is done by means of the circulation of a low intensity current through a coil having many threads (8a) wrapped over the mentioned ferromagnetic core (9) in series with a rectifier diode and a switch (S-Q) .

45. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 40 thru 44, characterized by the fact that the reset of the protection device is manual by means of the movement of one of the mentioned semiaxles (10a, 10b) which protrudes to the outside of the housing of the mentioned protection device, at the time of its actuation by means of a short-circuit current.

46. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 40 thru 45, characterized by the fact that the energization of the mentioned auxiliary coils (13a, 13b) is possible only when the mentioned load contacts (la-2a or lb-2b) are opened, enabling the closing of the mentioned auxiliary contacts (7a-2a or 7b-2b) , which will cause the automatic reset of the protection device, after the incidence of a short-circuit current, by means of a suitable switch (SR) .

47. CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE QUANTIFIED ENERGETIC PULSE TECHNIQUE, being the protection device in accordance with claims 40 thru 46, characterized by the fact that the time of opening of the mentioned load contacts (la-2a or lb-2b) , at the time of the circulation of a short-circuit current by the mentioned load current coil (8c) occurs within the first half-cycle of the short-circuit current.