WO2009087289A1 - Method for preparing a bituminous foam, bituminous foam, and use of said bituminous foam - Google Patents

Method for preparing a bituminous foam, bituminous foam, and use of said bituminous foam Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009087289A1
WO2009087289A1 PCT/FR2008/001426 FR2008001426W WO2009087289A1 WO 2009087289 A1 WO2009087289 A1 WO 2009087289A1 FR 2008001426 W FR2008001426 W FR 2008001426W WO 2009087289 A1 WO2009087289 A1 WO 2009087289A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
bituminous
surfactant
foaming
lipid
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PCT/FR2008/001426
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French (fr)
Inventor
Marc Jakubowski
Nadine Tachon
Michel Delmas
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Entreprise Malet
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Publication of WO2009087289A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009087289A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/30—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by mixing gases into liquid compositions or plastisols, e.g. frothing with air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2395/00—Bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar or pitch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a bituminous foam. It extends to a bituminous foam obtained by this process and the use of this bituminous foam for obtaining a bituminous mix.
  • Hydrocarbon binders composed mainly of bitumen have been known since ancient times for their agglomerating properties of minerals and for their impermeability to water. From the mid-nineteenth century, bitumens extracted from petroleum gradually replaced coal tars as well as hydraulic binders because of their sealing properties, their flexibility and their resistance to cracking.
  • Bitumens are used in the field of public works for the realization of bituminous pavements, but also for the waterproof coating of various types of surfaces such as cardboard, paper, roofing.
  • bituminous binders are mixed with mineral aggregates in order to produce bituminous mixes.
  • the known processes for preparing bituminous mixes used in road construction all rely on a step to increase the workability of the bitumen.
  • the workability of the bitumen must be sufficient to obtain a homogeneous dispersion of the bitumen in the granular matrix, as well as the coating of this granular matrix with bitumen.
  • the quality of this mixture and this coating depend on all the properties of resistance and permeability of the bituminous mix thus obtained.
  • Bituminous mixes obtained by mixing, in a kneader, bitumen heated at a temperature between 150 ° C. and 180 ° C., with a calibrated granulate, previously dried by heating at this same temperature, are already known.
  • This method of preparation of bituminous mix requires energy to heat the bitumen and especially to dry the granulate. This energy comes, in general, from the combustion of fossil resources (oil, gas). As such, this method of preparation is on the one hand expensive, and on the other hand polluting due to the emission of greenhouse gases during the combustion of fossil resources.
  • this method of preparation of bituminous mix by heating the bitumen at high temperature causes the release into the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds contained in the bitumen.
  • bituminous mixes use as binder only bitumen which is of petroleum origin, which is therefore a non-renewable resource and is made to run out.
  • Bituminous mixes obtained by mixing aggregates and a fluidized bitumen composition by so-called "fluxing" compounds are also known. These fluxes are either of petroleum origin, but are also sometimes based on vegetable oils. In any case, the bitumen compositions thus obtained are not foams and can not claim to achieve the coating capabilities thereof.
  • the proportion of fluxing agent in the bituminous binder must be large enough for said fluxing agent to produce significant effects on the workability of the binder and the bituminous mix.
  • bituminous mix in order for the bituminous mix to harden after its application on the construction site and to acquire its final properties of resistance, elasticity and permeability to water, it is necessary for the fluxing agent to evaporate. bituminous mix, or harden.
  • certain fluxing oils have the property of solidifying by air polymerization, this air polymerization being able, in particular, to be assisted by the use of catalysts for the polymerization and crosslinking of oils, also known as drying agents. ".
  • Such "siccatives”, used during the production of road surfaces, are also pollutants of the environment. Finally, they contribute to the significant increase in the cost of bituminous mixes produced using this process.
  • bituminous mixes called “low energy", in which the bitumen is often used in the form of foam.
  • Bitumen foam is a dispersion of water vapor in bitumen.
  • the mass volume of water vapor is about 1000 times less than that of liquid water.
  • the dispersion of water vapor in the bitumen makes it possible to increase the specific volume of the bitumen, so that the volume occupied by the bitumen foam is greater than the volume occupied by the aggregates, and this despite a mass ratio between the granulate and the foam which is high, in particular between 90/10 and 96/4.
  • This foam is obtained either by direct blowing of water vapor into the bitumen or by spraying, at a temperature above 100 0 C, liquid water previously dispersed inside the bitumen itself.
  • a variant of this process makes it possible to control the foaming of an emulsion of bitumen and liquid water, in which a mixture of bitumen and liquid water is obtained at high temperature and under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure.
  • the high pressure allows mixing of bitumen and water without foaming.
  • the drop in pressure leads to the expansion of the liquid water into water vapor and the controlled release of the foaming of the bituminous binder.
  • FR 2 862 653 (WO 05/052045) describes a process for preparing a bitumen foam and an installation for the preparation of such a foam.
  • the bitumen foam is obtained by mixing a bituminous composition, heated to a temperature of between 150 ° C. and 170 ° C., with an inverse emulsion of water in bitumen, itself heated to a temperature of between 85 ° C. and 100 0 C.
  • the energy provided by the hot bituminous composition causes the temperature of the inverse emulsion of water in bitumen to increase and the bitumen foam asphalt emulsion to expand.
  • the water invert emulsion into the bitumen is obtained by successive addition of small amounts of water, heated to a temperature between 85 ° C and 100 0 C, to bitumen, also heated to a temperature between 85 0 C and 100 0 C, and by mixing water and bitumen by mechanical fragmentation.
  • the dispersion of water in the bitumen would be assisted by the presence of constitutive surfactant compounds bitumen.
  • the invention aims to overcome all of these disadvantages.
  • the aim of the invention is to propose a process for the preparation of a manoeuvrable bituminous foam which is particularly suitable for the production of bituminous mixes that can be used at low temperature.
  • the invention aims more particularly at providing a process for preparing a bituminous foam making it possible to significantly reduce the heating and drying temperature of the aggregates during the preparation of a bituminous mix, to reduce the amount of energy consumed for said heating and lowering the level of greenhouse gas emissions during said heating.
  • the invention also aims at proposing a process for preparing a bituminous foam making it possible to reduce the emissions of volatile organic compounds during the preparation of an asphalt mix by limiting the quantity of bitumen supplied for the preparation of a bituminous mix.
  • the invention aims to provide a process for preparing a bituminous foam in which part of said bitumen is replaced by compounds which are not hydrocarbons and which do not emit volatile organic compounds.
  • the invention also aims to propose a process for preparing a bituminous foam enabling the incorporation of compounds, in particular from agricultural sources, into a bituminous foam, by making it possible, on the one hand, to recover these compounds and by their giving new application opportunities, while reducing, on the other hand, the proportion of hydrocarbons of petroleum origin in this bitumen foam.
  • the invention also aims at providing a process for preparing a bituminous foam that makes it possible to reduce the emissions of volatile organic compounds by significantly lowering, on the one hand, the temperature to be attained during the preparation of the bituminous mix in the central unit. coating, as well as the temperature to be maintained during the spreading of asphalt on site.
  • the invention also aims at providing a process for preparing a bituminous foam making it possible to obtain a high quality bituminous foam enabling the production of bituminous mixes in which the mineral particles constituting the granulate are not agglomerated with each other, but well dispersed throughout the bituminous matrix.
  • the invention also aims at providing a method for obtaining a high expansion bituminous foam, in general, to reduce the proportion of bituminous binder required for producing the mix and ultimately to reduce the amount of of bitumen consumed for producing this bituminous mix.
  • the invention also aims at providing a method for obtaining a bituminous foam having excellent coating capacity of the aggregate while leaving the bitumen after cooling, its properties of strength, viscosity and impermeability, without resorting to the 'use curing agents or cohesive agents.
  • the invention also aims at providing a process for preparing a bituminous foam implemented at atmospheric pressure.
  • the invention also aims at providing a method for preparing a bituminous foam applicable in particular to the manufacture of asphalt, in particular for road surfaces.
  • the invention also aims to allow the use of low grade bitumens, especially for the production of bituminous mixes at low temperatures.
  • Emulsion Thermodynamically unstable dispersion of a liquid in another liquid in which it is immiscible. This thermodynamically unstable dispersion is often stabilized by the addition of emulsifying amphiphilic compounds, especially surfactants.
  • - Bitumen Mixture of hydrocarbon compounds derived from petroleum, soluble in carbon disulphide and characterized by a high viscosity at ambient temperature and adhesive qualities, especially aggregates. The viscosity of bitumens ranges from very hard bitumen, grade 10/20, which is solid at room temperature, to grade 160/220 grade bitumens, which are soft but not liquid at room temperature.
  • Vegetable oil composition extracted from oleaginous plants, said composition is hydrophobic and liquid at room temperature, especially at a temperature of the order of 20 ° C.
  • the vegetable oils are composed mainly of glycerides.
  • the chemical formula of glycerides comprises a propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol) molecule in which at least one of the hydroxyl functions of glycerol is engaged in a chemical bond, of the ester type, with a carboxylic acid aliphatic.
  • Surfactant a bifunctional agent that modifies the surface tension of an interface that can be air / liquid or liquid / liquid. Being an interface between two immiscible liquids, in particular water and oil, the surfactant stabilizes the emulsion of both liquids.
  • the surfactant hydrophilizes the surface of the fat droplets dispersed in the water of a direct emulsion (oil in water). It also hydrophobes the surface of the aqueous droplets dispersed in the oil of an inverse emulsion (water in oil).
  • HLB Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance
  • Lipophilic Hydrophile of a surfactant is the measurement of the relative hydrophilic and lipophilic contributions of the surfactant.
  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a bituminous foam comprising the following steps: - preparation of a two-phase composition, said hydrolipid composition, comprising:
  • a lipid phase comprising at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8,
  • aqueous phase immiscible with the lipid phase, mixing under atmospheric pressure of said hydrolipid composition previously placed at a temperature Tl of less than 100 ° C., with a bituminous composition previously placed at a temperature T2 greater than 140 ° C., in the presence a composition, said surfactant composition (s) foaming (s), comprising at least one surfactant, said foaming surfactant, capable of causing foaming in air.
  • a hydrolipidic composition according to the invention brought to a temperature below 100 0 C, in particular between 50 0 C and 90 0 C, and comprising a lipid phase, of nature hydrophobic, and an aqueous phase of hydrophilic nature, immiscible with each other, in a bituminous composition heated to a temperature greater than 140 ° C. in the presence of one or more Foaming surfactants makes it possible to foam this bituminous composition until it reaches a high value of its expansion coefficient, in particular of the order of 9, while retaining the functional qualities specific to a bituminous binder.
  • the temperature T1 lower than 100 ° C., at which the hydrolipid composition is placed before mixing said hydrolipidic composition with the bituminous composition is such that the aqueous phase of the hydrolipidic composition is in liquid form.
  • the temperature of the hydrolipid composition increases sharply, while the temperature of the composition bituminous decreases slightly, or remains stable.
  • the sharp increase in the temperature of the hydrolipidic composition leads to the transformation of the liquid aqueous phase of the hydrolipidic composition into vapor, while at the same time the temperature of the bituminous composition decreases.
  • the bituminous composition remains in the liquid state.
  • bituminous composition is obtained at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, especially at atmospheric pressure.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible in particular to prepare a bituminous foam under optimal safety conditions.
  • a lipid phase comprising at least one compound, said lipid compound, chosen from the group formed by the esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8, allows, simultaneously, to reduce the amount of bituminous composition for producing a bitumen foam according to the invention, but also to enhance said lipid compound.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of mono-esters and poly-esters, said mono-esters and poly-esters comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8 .
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, chosen from the group of esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, and comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8, and an aliphatic chain comprising a number of carbon atoms of between 1 and 3. More particularly according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acid, ethyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acid and propanol esters of aliphatic carboxylic acid, and comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of group formed of alcoholic esters of formic acid, alcoholic esters of acetic acid and alcoholic esters of pro-acid pano, and comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
  • the lipid phase consists of organic compounds, chemically apolar, hydrophobic in nature and miscible with each other.
  • This lipid phase is immiscible with the aqueous phase, which itself consists of liquid polar compounds that are miscible with one another.
  • the mixture of the aqueous phase and the lipid phase leads either to the thermodynamically unstable dispersion of the lipid phase, in the form of microdroplets, in the aqueous phase, or to the thermodynamically unstable dispersion of the aqueous phase. in the form of microdroplets in the lipid phase.
  • said lipid phase is advantageously heated to a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 90 ° C., in particular between 20 ° C. and 50 ° C.
  • said aqueous phase is advantageously heated at a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 90 ° C., in particular between 20 ° C. and 50 ° C.
  • the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) contains at least one surfactant, said foaming surfactant, capable of causing foaming in air.
  • Said foaming surfactant is a surfactant which has the property of producing a foam when air is blown into the liquid surfactant.
  • the inventors have observed that such a surfactant (s) foaming composition (s) allows the foaming of the bituminous composition, previously heated to a temperature above 140 0 C, when it is mixed with a hydrolipid composition according to the invention , which itself is heated to a temperature of less than 100 ° C.
  • Such a foaming surfactant may be a foaming surfactant used in the composition of the bituminous composition and / or a foaming surfactant used in the composition of the hydrolipid composition. According to a method according to the invention, the foaming surfactant can also be added during the mixing of the hydrolipidic composition and the bituminous composition during the preparation of the bituminous foam.
  • the mass ratio hydrolipid composition / bituminous composition is less than 50%, especially between 10% and 20% -.
  • a mixture having a mass ratio of hydrolipidic composition / bituminous composition equal to 50% is obtained by mixing a mass unit of hydrolipid composition with two mass units of bituminous composition.
  • Other values of the hydrolipidic composition / bituminous composition mass ratio of less than or equal to 50% that can be used in a process according to the invention, as well as their correspondences in relative masses of hydrolipidic composition and bituminous composition, are given as an indication in the table below.
  • the inventors have observed that, despite the largely minor mass contribution of the hydrolipidic composition relative to the mass of the bituminous composition, the volume of the bituminous foam obtained according to the process of the invention is multiplied by one factor, said expansion factor, important, in particular of the order of 9, during mixing of the bituminous composition with the hydrolipid composition at a temperature greater than 140 ° C., in the presence of a composition, called a surfactant composition ( s) foaming (s), comprising at least one surfactant, said foaming surfactant, capable of causing foaming in air.
  • a surfactant composition ( s) foaming (s) comprising at least one surfactant, said foaming surfactant, capable of causing foaming in air.
  • the aqueous phase is chosen from the group consisting of aqueous solutions and hydroalcoholic solutions.
  • An aqueous solution is mainly composed of liquid water comprising compounds that are miscible with this liquid water and / or compounds that are soluble in this same liquid water.
  • the water may be natural water or even water treated with a chemical agent or a physical process, including distilled, filtered, and / or demineralized.
  • the so-called natural water is a liquid water existing in nature, in the form of fresh water, or in the form of of seawater.
  • miscible compounds in liquid water mention may be made of high-polarity compounds, especially alcohols, having chemical groups capable of establishing between them, and with the water molecules, electrostatic bonds of low energy, particularly hydrogen bonds.
  • These alcohols are selected from the group consisting of linear hydroxyl alkanes whose carbon number is less than 5, especially 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol.
  • These alcohols added in a small proportion in the aqueous phase, and within the limit of their solubility in water, advantageously contribute to the preparation of the hydrolipid composition by promoting the dispersion of the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) in said hydrolipidic composition.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound having a boiling point, at atmospheric pressure, greater than 18O 0 C.
  • the composition hydrolipidic contains a mass proportion of lipid phase of between 20% and 80%, especially between 25% and 60% -.
  • a mass proportion of lipid phase in the hydrolipidic composition of between 20% and 80% is particularly suitable to allow efficient foaming of the mixture of the bituminous composition and the hydrolipid composition, at a temperature above 140 ° C.
  • This effective foaming, leading to a significant expansion of the bitumen foam, which expansion is characterized by an expansion coefficient of the order of 9, advantageously makes it possible to obtain a bituminous mix in which the final mass proportion of lipid phase in this bitumen is less than 10%.
  • the hydrolipidic composition is an emulsion of the lipid phase and of the aqueous phase comprising at least one surfactant.
  • a surfactant included in the hydrolipid composition makes it possible to produce a stable emulsion of the one of the two aqueous and lipid phases, which two phases can not form a stable emulsion. in the absence of said surfactant.
  • the two immiscible aqueous and lipid phases do not mix with each other and are distributed, in equilibrium, according to their respective densities, in the form of two superimposed phases, which do not allow foaming.
  • the inventors have observed that the hydrolipid composition, thus stabilized in the form of an emulsion by the surfactant, makes it possible to obtain a bituminous foam of great homogeneity and high quality.
  • the hydrolipidic composition is a direct emulsion of the lipid phase in the aqueous phase.
  • the hydrolipidic composition is a stable emulsion in which the lipid phase is dispersed in the form of fat droplets in the aqueous phase.
  • the inventors have shown that such a hydrolipidic composition according to the invention not only allows the foaming of a bituminous composition when these two compositions are mixed, at a temperature above 140 ° C, but also that this foaming is of excellent quality.
  • This high quality bituminous foam is a foam in which the mixture of the bituminous composition and the lipid phase is a continuum in which the aqueous phase is a discontinuous phase, dispersed, mainly in vapor form, in the mixture formed by the bituminous composition and lipid phase.
  • This description suggests that the aqueous phase is dispersed, in the form of an inverse emulsion, in the mixture formed of the bituminous composition and the lipid phase.
  • the mixture of a direct emulsion of a lipid phase in an aqueous phase, in a bituminous composition heated to a temperature above 140 0 C does not allow to obtain such foam, but rather lead to the fluidification of the bituminous composition in accordance with a "fluxing" effect given by the lipid phase.
  • the inventors thus obtain a bituminous foam in which the mixture of the hydrolipidic composition with the bituminous composition causes the dispersion of the aqueous phase in the mixture formed of the bituminous composition and the lipid phase, in the form of an inverse emulsion.
  • the direction of the emulsion (direct or inverse) and the stability of the emulsion depend on the adequacy between the overall HLB of the surfactant composition (s) used and the required HLB of the lipid phase. Under no circumstances can the mixture of the lipid phase with the aqueous phase make it possible to obtain a true solution in which the constituents of the lipid phase and those of the aqueous phase are mixed homogeneously at the molecular level.
  • the vaporization of the aqueous phase, at a temperature above 140 ° C. advantageously allows, according to the invention, the expansion of the mixture and the formation of a bituminous foam.
  • the hydrolipid composition comprises a surfactant composition (s) foaming (s).
  • the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) comprises at least one surfactant foaming, able to cause foaming in the air.
  • the foaming surfactant composition (s) is added to the hydrolipid composition during the preparation of the hydrolipid composition.
  • the foaming surfactant makes it possible, on the one hand, to stabilize the hydrolipidic composition in the form of an emulsion and, on the other hand, to foaming the bituminous composition when it is mixed with the hydrolipid composition at a higher temperature. at 140 ° C.
  • the hydrolipid composition comprises a surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) in the aqueous phase.
  • the foaming composition is added to the aqueous phase preheated to a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 90 ° C., in particular between 20 ° C. and 50 ° C., and the mixture is stirred at room temperature. mixing until complete dissolution of the foaming composition in the aqueous phase.
  • the mass proportion of the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) in the hydrolipid composition is: less than 8%, especially between 0.5% and 6% -, and - suitable for cause foaming during mixing at atmospheric pressure of the hydrolipidic composition and the bituminous composition.
  • the amount of surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) is sufficient in the mixture of the bituminous composition and the hydrolipid composition, to cause foaming, but is not excessive and therefore is not able to modify the intrinsic properties of cohesion, and coating of the bituminous foam vis-à-vis a mineral aggregate.
  • the surfactant (s) foaming composition (s) comprises at least one foaming surfactant having an HLB coefficient greater than 7, in particular greater than 12-.
  • the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) is obtained by saponification of at least one vegetable oil. Such saponification is to treat the vegetable oil, hot, with a strong base in water to produce an aliphatic carboxylic acid salt.
  • a composition based on sodium oleate is obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil with sodium hydroxide.
  • the foaming surfactant composition (s) comprises a mass proportion of at least one oleate selected from the group of alkaline oleates, in particular sodium oleate and potassium oleate. between 10% and 90%, especially close to 50%.
  • the hydrolipid composition comprises at least one surfactant having an HLB coefficient of less than 7, in particular less than 5.
  • the hydrolipidic composition comprises at least one surfactant having an HLB coefficient of less than 7, in particular less than 5, chosen especially in the group formed by nonionic surfactants.
  • the hydrolipidic composition comprises at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of saccharide surfactants, in particular glucosidic surfactants.
  • the hydrolipid composition comprises at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of sorbitan carboxylates, in particular sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan monostearate.
  • the hydrolipid composition comprises at least one surfactant in the lipid phase.
  • a surfactant capable of promoting the dispersion of the lipid phase in the aqueous phase during the preparation of the hydrolipid composition.
  • a surfactant soluble in the lipid phase is hydrophobic and bifunctional in nature.
  • Such a surfactant is capable of stabilizing the molecular interactions of the lipid compounds of the lipid phase with the polar compounds of the aqueous phase present in the emulsion of the hydrolipidic composition.
  • the surfactant (s) foaming composition (s) comprises an agent, said co-surfactant agent, selected from the group consisting of linear hydroxyl alkanes having a number of carbon atoms of less than 10.
  • the co-surfactant agent is capable of increasing the effectiveness of the foaming surfactant as well as stabilizing the emulsion. It is of particular interest to stabilize the emulsion formed during the preparation of the hydrolipid composition so that the dispersion of the lipid phase in the form of droplets in the aqueous phase is preserved until the mixture of said hydrolipidic composition is mixed with the bituminous composition heated to 140 ° C.
  • the co-surfactant is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydroxy linear alkanes having a number of carbon atoms of less than 10 and wherein the hydroxyl function is a primary hydroxyl group.
  • the co-surfactant is hexanol. It should be noted that the co-surfactant, linear alkane hydroxyl having a number of carbon atoms of less than 10, is not an alcohol optionally contained in the aqueous solution, which is miscible in this aqueous solution, and the number of carbon atoms is necessarily less than 5.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, called lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising at least an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8, the mass proportion of said lipid compound in the lipid phase being greater than 5%, preferably greater than 20%, especially greater than 50%.
  • the lipid phase consists mainly of esters, known as aliphatic fatty esters. More particularly, the lipid phase consists essentially of aliphatic fatty esters, especially exclusively aliphatic fatty esters.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group, called glyceride group, formed compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and having the general formula CH 2 OR 1 -CHOR 2 -CH 2 OR 3 , wherein R 1 R 2 and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and acyl groups having more than 8 carbon atoms, especially between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group, called triglyceride group, formed compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and corresponding to the general formula CH 2 OR'-CHOR 2 -CH 2 OR 3 wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of acyl groups having more than 8 carbon atoms, especially between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group, called triglyceride group, formed compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and corresponding to the general formula CH 2 OR 1 -CHOR 2 -CH 2 OR 3 in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of linear acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms, branched acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms , especially between 10 and 22 carbon atoms, saturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms, and unsaturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
  • the number of unsaturated unsaturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms is in particular between 1 and 5.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound chosen from the glyceride group, the mass proportion of which in the lipid phase is greater than 5%, preferably greater than 20%, in particular greater than 50%.
  • the lipid phase consists mainly of glycerides. More particularly, the lipid phase is constituted essentially glycerides, especially exclusively glycerides.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound chosen from the group of triglycerides, the mass proportion of which in the lipid phase is greater than 5%, preferably greater than 20%, especially greater than 50%.
  • the lipid phase consists mainly of triglycerides. More particularly, the lipid phase consists essentially of triglycerides, especially exclusively triglycerides.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, extracted from a plant selected from the group consisting of oil palms, in particular Elaeis guineensis, coconut palms, in particular Cocos nucifera - avocados, in particular Persia, particularly Olea europea, rapeseed, in particular Brassica napus, groundnuts, in particular Arachis hypogaea, cocoa, in particular Theobroma cacao, sunflower, - especially -Helianthus annuus-, rice, particularly Oryza sativa-, sesame, -especially Sesamum in ⁇ icum-, camelina, especially Camelina sativa-, mustard, -in particular Sinapis alba-, coriander, - including Coriandrum sativum-, pumpkin, in particular Cucurbita pepo-, euphorbia, especially Euphorbia species, hazel, in particular Corylus species, flax, especially Linum species, coffee
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, extracted from a plant by trituration of said plant, followed by the pressure of said hot or cold trituration product.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, extracted from a plant, in particular seeds of said plant.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, called lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, the mass proportion of which in the lipid phase is greater than 5%, preferably greater than 20%, especially greater than 50%.
  • the lipid phase consists mainly of vegetable oil.
  • the lipid phase consists essentially of vegetable oil, especially exclusively vegetable oil.
  • the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of saponified oils of plant origin, oxidized oils of vegetable origin and drying oils of vegetable origin.
  • the saponified oils are oils having undergone a partial saponification treatment to rid the oil of a part, and only a part, of the aliphatic carboxylic acids which constitute it. This operation makes it possible to modify the viscosity of the oil before it is used in a process for preparing a bituminous foam according to the invention.
  • Oxidized oils are oils which have undergone oxidation treatment, in particular in air, and leading to the modification of their viscosity.
  • drying oils are oils capable of undergoing polymerization, especially in air, leading to an apparent drying without evaporation of solvent.
  • the invention extends to a bituminous foam that can be obtained by a process according to the invention, comprising a discontinuous aqueous phase, at least partially in vapor form, dispersed in a mixture comprising a bituminous composition, in the presence of at least one foaming surfactant, characterized in that said mixture further comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of esters, so-called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
  • a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound, called lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of mono-esters and poly-esters, said mono-esters and poly-esters comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
  • a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound; said lipid compound, chosen from the group of esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, and comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8, and an aliphatic carbon chain comprising a number of carbon atoms of between 1 and 3.
  • a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of aliphatic carboxylic acid methyl esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid ethyl esters and aliphatic carboxylic acid propanol esters, said compound comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
  • a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alcoholic esters of formic acid, alcoholic esters of acetic acid and alcoholic esters of propanoic acid, and comprising a aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
  • a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound chosen from the group, called glyceride group, formed from compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and corresponding to the general formula CH 2 OR 1 -CHOR 2 - CH 2 OR 3 , wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
  • a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound chosen from the group, called the triglyceride group, formed from compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and corresponding to the general formula CH 2 OR 1 -CHOR 2 - CH 2 OR 3 , wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of linear acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, branched acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, saturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, and unsaturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms.
  • the unsaturation number of the unsaturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms, is between 1 and 5.
  • a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides.
  • a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound, called lipid compound, chosen from the group of vegetable oils.
  • a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound, called lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of oils of plant origin, the mass proportion of said compound in the bituminous foam is between 1% and 15%. %, preferably between 2% and 10%, especially between 3% and 5%.
  • a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, extracted from a plant selected from the group consisting of oil palms, in particular Elaeis guineensis, coconut trees, in particular Cocos nucifera- , avocados, especially Persea americana, common castor oil, especially Ricinus communis, olive trees, particularly Olea europeae, rapeseed, in particular Brassica napus, groundnuts, in particular Arachis hypogaea, cocoa, especially Theobroma cacao, sunflower, especially Helianthus annuus, rice, especially Oryza sativa-, sesame, -especially Sesamum indicum, camelina, especially Camelina sativa-, mustard, especially Sinapis alba-, coriander, especially Coriandrum sativum, pumpkin, in particular Cucurbita pepo-, euphorbia, -especially Euphorbia species, hazel, especially Corylus species, fla
  • the invention also extends to the use of a bituminous foam according to the invention, for obtaining a bituminous mix.
  • the invention also extends to a process for preparing a bituminous mix, in which aggregates heated to a temperature below 110 ° C., in particular of the order of 105 ° C., and a bituminous foam are mixed. according to the invention, raised to a temperature of between 100 ° C. and 140 ° C.
  • a bituminous mix is obtained according to the invention, by coating aggregates heated to a temperature of less than 110 ° C., in particular of the order of 105 ° C., with a bituminous foam according to the invention, said bituminous foam. being prepared by mixing a bituminous composition previously placed at a temperature above 14O 0 C, with a hydrolipidic composition previously placed at a temperature below 100 0 C, the temperature of said mixture decreasing to a temperature below 1 10 0 C, in particular of the order of 105 ° C., just before coating the aggregates with said bituminous foam.
  • the invention also relates to a manufacturing method a bituminous foam, a bituminous foam and the use of this bituminous foam for obtaining an asphalt mixture characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Foaming of a 70/100 soft bitumen with an emulsion of sunflower oil
  • An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil.
  • An oil phase is prepared by mixing sunflower oil with sorbitan monooleate.
  • the aqueous and oily phases are mixed, finally containing 47% of water, 47% of oil, 2.4% of a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil and 3.6% of sorbitan monooleate.
  • the mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotational speed is set at 1675 rad / s for a period of 2 min.
  • the inventors have measured that the size distribution of the inclusions of liquid water in the bituminous foam after cooling is on the one hand very homogeneous and that this size is on the other hand between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the density of the bitumen foam thus obtained is between 0.03 and
  • EXAMPLE 2 Foaming of a 70/100 sulfur-crosslinked soft bitumen with an emulsion of rapeseed oil
  • An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil.
  • An oil phase is prepared by mixing rapeseed oil with sorbitan monooleate.
  • the aqueous and oily phases are mixed with 66.2% of water, 28.3% of oil, 2.2% of soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil and 3.3% of water.
  • sorbitan monooleate The mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotational speed is set at 1675 rad / s for a period of 2 min.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Foaming of a 20/30 hard bitumen with a rapeseed oil emulsion containing 4% of surfactant
  • An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil.
  • An oil phase is prepared by mixing sunflower oil with sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous and oily phases are mixed, finally containing 58% of water, 48% of oil, 2% of a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil and 2% of sorbitan monooleate.
  • the mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotation speed is fixed at 1675 rad / s for a duration of 2 min.
  • EXAMPLE 4 Foaming of a Bitumen of Grade 20/30 by an Emulsion of Rapeseed Oil Containing 5.5% Surfactant
  • An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil.
  • An oil phase is prepared by mixing sunflower oil with sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous and oily phases are mixed, finally containing 47.2% of water, 47.2% of oil, 2.75% of a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil and 2.75% of water. sorbitan monooleate.
  • the mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotation speed is fixed at 1675 rad / s for a duration of 2 min.
  • EXAMPLE 5 Foaming of a 70/100 soft bitumen with an emulsion of rapeseed oil containing 1% of surfactant
  • An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil.
  • the aqueous phase is mixed with rapeseed oil containing finally 69.5% water, 39.5% oil, 1% of a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil.
  • the mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotation speed is fixed at 1675 rad / s for a duration of 2 min.
  • An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil. Phase mixing is carried out aqueous rapeseed oil finally containing 50.5% water, 44.5% oil, 5% soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil.
  • the mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotational speed is set at 1675 rad / s for a period of 2 min. 300 g of 10/20 bitumen placed in a metal enclosure and heated to a temperature of 160 ° C., 60 g of the emulsion above obtained and brought to a temperature of 70 ° C. are added.
  • the temperature should have been increased to a value between 160 ° C. and 180 ° C.
  • the same foam quality is obtained by a process according to the invention at a much lower temperature, of the order of 105 ° C.
  • bituminous foam according to the invention can be obtained, by heating, at a temperature above 140 ° C. of a subsequently cooled bituminous foam, on the sole condition that a quantity of sufficient of the aqueous phase remains dispersed in the mixture of the lipid phase and the bituminous composition.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a bituminous foam which comprises mixing, at atmospheric pressure, an aqueous-lipid composition placed at a temperature below 100°C, containing a lipid phase comprising at least one lipid compound, selected from the glyceride group, and an aqueous phase, which is immiscible with the lipid phase, with a bituminous composition placed at a temperature above 140°C, the aqueous-lipid composition/bituminous composition ratio by mass being less than 50%, in the presence of a foaming composition, comprising at least one foaming surfactant, capable of bringing about foaming in air. The invention also relates to a bituminous foam obtained according to a method in accordance with the invention and to the use of this bituminous foam for obtaining a bituminous mix.

Description

PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION D'UNE MOUSSE BITUMINEUSE, MOUSSE BITUMINEUSE, ET UTILISATION DE CETTE MOUSSE BITUMINEUSE PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BITUMINOUS FOAM, BITUMINOUS FOAM, AND USE OF THE BITUMINOUS MOSS
L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse. Elle s'étend à une mousse bitumineuse obtenue par ce procédé et à l'utilisation de cette mousse bitumineuse pour l'obtention d'un enrobé bitumineux.The invention relates to a method for preparing a bituminous foam. It extends to a bituminous foam obtained by this process and the use of this bituminous foam for obtaining a bituminous mix.
Les liants hydrocarbonés composés essentiellement de bitume sont connus depuis la haute antiquité pour leurs propriétés agglomérantes des minéraux et pour leur imperméabilité à l'eau. A partir de la moitié du XIXème siècle, les bitumes extraits à partir du pétrole remplacent progressivement les goudrons de houille ainsi que les liants hydrauliques en raison de leurs propriétés d'étanchéité, de leur souplesse et de leur résistance à la fissuration.Hydrocarbon binders composed mainly of bitumen have been known since ancient times for their agglomerating properties of minerals and for their impermeability to water. From the mid-nineteenth century, bitumens extracted from petroleum gradually replaced coal tars as well as hydraulic binders because of their sealing properties, their flexibility and their resistance to cracking.
Les bitumes sont employés dans le domaine des travaux publics pour la réalisation des chaussées bitumineuses, mais aussi pour le revêtement étanche de divers types de surfaces comme le carton, le papier, les toitures. Dans le domaine particulier des techniques routières, les liants bitumineux sont associés en mélange à des granulats minéraux, pour réaliser des enrobés bitumineux. Les procédés connus de préparation des enrobés bitumineux utilisés dans les réalisations routières s'appuient, tous, sur une étape permettant d'augmenter la maniabilité du bitume. En particulier, la maniabilité du bitume doit être suffisante pour obtenir une dispersion homogène du bitume dans la matrice granulaire, ainsi que l'enrobage de cette matrice granulaire par le bitume. De la qualité de ce mélange et de cet enrobage dépendent toutes les propriétés de résistance et de perméabilité de l'enrobé bitumineux ainsi obtenu.Bitumens are used in the field of public works for the realization of bituminous pavements, but also for the waterproof coating of various types of surfaces such as cardboard, paper, roofing. In the particular field of road techniques, bituminous binders are mixed with mineral aggregates in order to produce bituminous mixes. The known processes for preparing bituminous mixes used in road construction all rely on a step to increase the workability of the bitumen. In particular, the workability of the bitumen must be sufficient to obtain a homogeneous dispersion of the bitumen in the granular matrix, as well as the coating of this granular matrix with bitumen. The quality of this mixture and this coating depend on all the properties of resistance and permeability of the bituminous mix thus obtained.
On connaît déjà les enrobés bitumineux obtenus par mélange, dans un malaxeur, de bitume chauffé à une température comprise entre 15O0C et 1800C, avec un granulat calibré, préalablement séché par chauffage à cette même température. Ce mode de préparation d'enrobé bitumineux nécessite de l'énergie pour chauffer le bitume et surtout pour sécher le granulat. Cette énergie provient, en général, de la combustion de ressources fossiles (pétrole, gaz). A ce titre, ce mode de préparation est d'une part coûteux, et d'autre part polluant en raison de l'émission de gaz à effet de serre lors de la combustion des ressources fossiles. De plus, ce mode de préparation d'enrobé bitumineux, par chauffage du bitume à haute température, entraîne la libération, dans l'atmosphère, de composés organiques volatils contenus dans le bitume. Par ailleurs, ces modes de réalisation d'enrobés bitumineux n'utilisent à titre de liant que du bitume qui est d'origine pétrolière, qui est donc une ressource non renouvelable et qui est amenée à s'épuiser. On connaît aussi les enrobés bitumineux obtenus par mélange de granulats et d'une composition de bitume fluidifiée par des composés, dits « fluxants ». Ces fluxants sont soit d'origine pétrolière, mais sont aussi quelquefois à base d'huiles d'origine végétale. En tout état de cause, les compositions de bitume ainsi obtenues ne sont pas des mousses et ne peuvent pas prétendre à atteindre les capacités d'enrobage de celles-ci. De plus, la proportion de fluxant dans le liant bitumineux doit être suffisamment importante pour que ledit fluxant produise des effets significatifs sur la maniabilité du liant et de l'enrobé bitumineux. D'autre part, pour que l'enrobé bitumineux durcisse après son application sur le chantier et qu'il acquiert ses propriétés finales de résistance, d'élasticité, et de perméabilité à l'eau, il est nécessaire que le fluxant s'évapore de l'enrobé bitumineux, ou encore qu'il durcisse. En particulier, certaines huiles fluxantes présentent la propriété de se solidifier par polymérisation à l'air, cette polymérisation à l'air pouvant être, notamment, assistée par l'utilisation de produits catalyseurs de polymérisation et de réticulation des huiles, aussi appelés « siccatifs ». De tels « siccatifs », utilisés lors de la réalisation de revêtements routiers, sont, eux aussi, des polluants de l'environnement. Ils contribuent enfin à l'augmentation significative du coût des enrobés bitumineux réalisés selon ce procédé.Bituminous mixes obtained by mixing, in a kneader, bitumen heated at a temperature between 150 ° C. and 180 ° C., with a calibrated granulate, previously dried by heating at this same temperature, are already known. This method of preparation of bituminous mix requires energy to heat the bitumen and especially to dry the granulate. This energy comes, in general, from the combustion of fossil resources (oil, gas). As such, this method of preparation is on the one hand expensive, and on the other hand polluting due to the emission of greenhouse gases during the combustion of fossil resources. In addition, this method of preparation of bituminous mix by heating the bitumen at high temperature causes the release into the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds contained in the bitumen. Moreover, these embodiments of bituminous mixes use as binder only bitumen which is of petroleum origin, which is therefore a non-renewable resource and is made to run out. Bituminous mixes obtained by mixing aggregates and a fluidized bitumen composition by so-called "fluxing" compounds are also known. These fluxes are either of petroleum origin, but are also sometimes based on vegetable oils. In any case, the bitumen compositions thus obtained are not foams and can not claim to achieve the coating capabilities thereof. In addition, the proportion of fluxing agent in the bituminous binder must be large enough for said fluxing agent to produce significant effects on the workability of the binder and the bituminous mix. On the other hand, in order for the bituminous mix to harden after its application on the construction site and to acquire its final properties of resistance, elasticity and permeability to water, it is necessary for the fluxing agent to evaporate. bituminous mix, or harden. In particular, certain fluxing oils have the property of solidifying by air polymerization, this air polymerization being able, in particular, to be assisted by the use of catalysts for the polymerization and crosslinking of oils, also known as drying agents. ". Such "siccatives", used during the production of road surfaces, are also pollutants of the environment. Finally, they contribute to the significant increase in the cost of bituminous mixes produced using this process.
On connaît enfin les enrobés bitumineux, dits « basse énergie », dans lesquels le bitume est souvent utilisé sous forme de mousse. La mousse de bitume est une dispersion de vapeur d'eau dans du bitume. La masse volumique de la vapeur d'eau est environ 1000 fois moins importante que celle de l'eau liquide. Ainsi, la dispersion de vapeur d'eau dans le bitume permet d'augmenter le volume spécifique du bitume, de manière à ce que le volume occupé par la mousse de bitume soit supérieur au volume occupé par les granulats et cela malgré un rapport massique entre le granulat et la mousse qui est élevé, notamment compris entre 90/10 et 96/4. Cette mousse est obtenue soit par insufflation directe de vapeur d'eau dans le bitume soit par vaporisation, à une température supérieure à 1000C, d'eau liquide préalablement dispersée à l'intérieur même du bitume.Finally, we know bituminous mixes, called "low energy", in which the bitumen is often used in the form of foam. Bitumen foam is a dispersion of water vapor in bitumen. The mass volume of water vapor is about 1000 times less than that of liquid water. Thus, the dispersion of water vapor in the bitumen makes it possible to increase the specific volume of the bitumen, so that the volume occupied by the bitumen foam is greater than the volume occupied by the aggregates, and this despite a mass ratio between the granulate and the foam which is high, in particular between 90/10 and 96/4. This foam is obtained either by direct blowing of water vapor into the bitumen or by spraying, at a temperature above 100 0 C, liquid water previously dispersed inside the bitumen itself.
Une variante de ce procédé permet de maîtriser le moussage d'une émulsion de bitume et d'eau liquide, dans laquelle un mélange de bitume et d'eau liquide est obtenu à haute température et sous une pression supérieure à la pression atmosphérique. La pression élevée permet le mélange du bitume et de l'eau sans que le moussage n'intervienne. Ultérieurement, la baisse de la pression conduit à la détente de l'eau liquide en vapeur d'eau et au déclanchement contrôlé du moussage du liant bitumineux. Ce procédé est cependant complexe dans sa mise en oeuvre, dangereux dans sa réalisation, présente des résultats insuffisants, et n'est pas exploitable à un niveau industriel.A variant of this process makes it possible to control the foaming of an emulsion of bitumen and liquid water, in which a mixture of bitumen and liquid water is obtained at high temperature and under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The high pressure allows mixing of bitumen and water without foaming. Subsequently, the drop in pressure leads to the expansion of the liquid water into water vapor and the controlled release of the foaming of the bituminous binder. This process is however complex in its implementation, dangerous in its implementation, has insufficient results, and is not exploitable at an industrial level.
FR 2 862 653 (WO 05/052045) décrit un procédé de préparation d'une mousse de bitume et une installation pour la préparation d'une telle mousse. La mousse de bitume est obtenue en mélangeant une composition bitumineuse, chauffée à une température comprise entre 1500C et 1700C, avec une émulsion inverse d'eau dans du bitume, elle-même chauffée à une température comprise entre 850C et 1000C. L'énergie apportée par la composition bitumineuse chaude provoque l'augmentation de la température de l'émulsion inverse d'eau dans du bitume et l'expansion de l'émulsion bitumineuse en mousse de bitume. L'émulsion inverse d'eau dans le bitume serait obtenue par addition successive de petites quantités d'eau, chauffée à une température comprise entre 85°C et 1000C, à du bitume, lui aussi chauffé à une température comprise entre 850C et 1000C, et par mélange de l'eau et du bitume par fragmentation mécanique. La dispersion de l'eau dans le bitume serait assistée par la présence de composés tensioactifs constitutifs du bitume.FR 2 862 653 (WO 05/052045) describes a process for preparing a bitumen foam and an installation for the preparation of such a foam. The bitumen foam is obtained by mixing a bituminous composition, heated to a temperature of between 150 ° C. and 170 ° C., with an inverse emulsion of water in bitumen, itself heated to a temperature of between 85 ° C. and 100 0 C. The energy provided by the hot bituminous composition causes the temperature of the inverse emulsion of water in bitumen to increase and the bitumen foam asphalt emulsion to expand. The water invert emulsion into the bitumen is obtained by successive addition of small amounts of water, heated to a temperature between 85 ° C and 100 0 C, to bitumen, also heated to a temperature between 85 0 C and 100 0 C, and by mixing water and bitumen by mechanical fragmentation. The dispersion of water in the bitumen would be assisted by the presence of constitutive surfactant compounds bitumen.
L'obtention de cette émulsion inverse d'eau dans le bitume pose problème. En outre, ce procédé ne nécessite, pour la préparation de la mousse de bitume, que de l'eau et du bitume. Il ne permet donc pas d'utiliser une ressource renouvelable, -notamment issue de l'agriculture-, pour diminuer la quantité de bitume utilisé. Il ne permet pas, non plus, en diminuant la quantité de bitume utilisé, de diminuer les émissions de composés organiques volatils lors de la préparation, à chaud, de la mousse bitumineuse et de l'enrobé bitumineux. Ce procédé ne permet pas, non plus, d'utiliser des compositions bitumineuses de bas grade, qui ne peuvent pas être mélangées à de l'eau lorsque leur température est comprise entre 85°C et 1000C.Obtaining this inverse emulsion of water in the bitumen is problematic. In addition, this process requires, for the preparation of the bitumen foam, only water and bitumen. It does not allow the use of a renewable resource, particularly from agriculture, to reduce the amount of bitumen used. It also does not make it possible, by decreasing the quantity of bitumen used, to reduce the emissions of volatile organic compounds during the hot preparation of the bituminous foam and the bituminous mix. This method also does not make it possible to use low-grade bituminous compositions, which can not be mixed with water when their temperature is between 85 ° C. and 100 ° C.
Par ailleurs, différentes variantes des procédés connus de moussage de bitume ont été proposés avec l'utilisation de divers additifs, - notamment des composés siliconés, des acides gras polymérisés, des aminés grasses-, permettant de moduler les propriétés physiques de la mousse de bitume ou de l'enrobé bitumineux final. Outre que l'adjonction de ces additifs augmente encore la complexité et le coût des procédés, elle ne pallie pas aux principaux inconvénients susmentionnés.Furthermore, various variants of the known processes for foaming bitumen have been proposed with the use of various additives, in particular silicone compounds, polymerized fatty acids, fatty amines, for modulating the physical properties of the bitumen foam. or the final bituminous mix. In addition to the fact that the addition of these additives further increases the complexity and cost of the processes, it does not overcome the main disadvantages mentioned above.
L'invention vise à pallier l'ensemble de ces inconvénients. L'invention vise à proposer un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse maniable en particulier adaptée à la réalisation d'enrobés bitumineux pouvant être mis en œuvre à basse température.The invention aims to overcome all of these disadvantages. The aim of the invention is to propose a process for the preparation of a manoeuvrable bituminous foam which is particularly suitable for the production of bituminous mixes that can be used at low temperature.
L'invention vise plus particulièrement à proposer un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse permettant de diminuer significativement la température de chauffage et de séchage des granulats lors de la préparation d'un enrobé bitumineux, à abaisser la quantité d'énergie consommée pour ledit chauffage et abaisser le niveau des émissions de gaz à effet de serre au cours dudit chauffage.The invention aims more particularly at providing a process for preparing a bituminous foam making it possible to significantly reduce the heating and drying temperature of the aggregates during the preparation of a bituminous mix, to reduce the amount of energy consumed for said heating and lowering the level of greenhouse gas emissions during said heating.
L'invention vise aussi à proposer un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse permettant de réduire les émissions de composés organiques volatils lors de la préparation d'un enrobé bitumineux en limitant la quantité de bitume apporté pour la préparation d'un enrobé bitumineux. Ainsi, l'invention vise à proposer un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse dans laquelle une partie dudit bitume est remplacée par des composés qui ne sont pas des hydrocarbures et qui n'émettent pas de composés organiques volatils. L'invention vise aussi à proposer un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse permettant l'incorporation de composés, notamment issus de l'agriculture, dans une mousse bitumineuse, en permettant, d'une part, de valoriser ces composés et en leur donnant de nouveaux débouchés applicatifs, tout en réduisant, d'autre part, la proportion des hydrocarbures d'origine pétrolière dans cette mousse bitumineuse.The invention also aims at proposing a process for preparing a bituminous foam making it possible to reduce the emissions of volatile organic compounds during the preparation of an asphalt mix by limiting the quantity of bitumen supplied for the preparation of a bituminous mix. Thus, the invention aims to provide a process for preparing a bituminous foam in which part of said bitumen is replaced by compounds which are not hydrocarbons and which do not emit volatile organic compounds. The invention also aims to propose a process for preparing a bituminous foam enabling the incorporation of compounds, in particular from agricultural sources, into a bituminous foam, by making it possible, on the one hand, to recover these compounds and by their giving new application opportunities, while reducing, on the other hand, the proportion of hydrocarbons of petroleum origin in this bitumen foam.
L'invention vise aussi à proposer un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse permettant de réduire les émissions de composés organiques volatils en abaissant signifïcativement, d'une part, la température à atteindre lors de la préparation de l'enrobé bitumineux dans la centrale d'enrobage, ainsi que, d'autre part, la température à maintenir lors de l'épandage de l'enrobé bitumineux sur le chantier.The invention also aims at providing a process for preparing a bituminous foam that makes it possible to reduce the emissions of volatile organic compounds by significantly lowering, on the one hand, the temperature to be attained during the preparation of the bituminous mix in the central unit. coating, as well as the temperature to be maintained during the spreading of asphalt on site.
L'invention vise aussi à proposer un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse permettant d'obtenir une mousse bitumineuse de très bonne qualité permettant la réalisation d'enrobés bitumineux dans lesquels les particules minérales constituant le granulat ne sont pas agglomérées entre elles, mais bien dispersées dans la totalité de la matrice bitumineuse.The invention also aims at providing a process for preparing a bituminous foam making it possible to obtain a high quality bituminous foam enabling the production of bituminous mixes in which the mineral particles constituting the granulate are not agglomerated with each other, but well dispersed throughout the bituminous matrix.
L'invention vise aussi à proposer un procédé permettant d'obtenir une mousse bitumineuse à forte expansion permettant, de façon générale, de diminuer la proportion de liant bitumineux nécessaire à la réalisation de l'enrobé et permettant, à terme, de diminuer la quantité de bitume consommé pour la réalisation de cet enrobé bitumineux.The invention also aims at providing a method for obtaining a high expansion bituminous foam, in general, to reduce the proportion of bituminous binder required for producing the mix and ultimately to reduce the amount of of bitumen consumed for producing this bituminous mix.
L'invention vise également à proposer un procédé permettant d'obtenir une mousse bitumineuse présentant une excellente capacité d'enrobage du granulat tout en laissant au bitume après refroidissement, ses propriétés de résistance, de viscosité et d'imperméabilité, sans avoir recours à l'utilisation d'agents de durcissement ou d'agents de cohésion.The invention also aims at providing a method for obtaining a bituminous foam having excellent coating capacity of the aggregate while leaving the bitumen after cooling, its properties of strength, viscosity and impermeability, without resorting to the 'use curing agents or cohesive agents.
L'invention vise aussi à proposer un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse mis en œuvre à pression atmosphérique.The invention also aims at providing a process for preparing a bituminous foam implemented at atmospheric pressure.
L'invention vise aussi à proposer un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse applicable notamment à la fabrication d'enrobés, en particulier pour les revêtements routiers.The invention also aims at providing a method for preparing a bituminous foam applicable in particular to the manufacture of asphalt, in particular for road surfaces.
L'invention vise aussi à permettre l'utilisation de bitumes de faible grade, notamment pour la réalisation d'enrobés bitumineux à basse température. Dans tout le texte, on adopte la terminologie suivante:The invention also aims to allow the use of low grade bitumens, especially for the production of bituminous mixes at low temperatures. Throughout the text, we adopt the following terminology:
Emulsion : dispersion thermodynamiquement instable d'un liquide dans un autre liquide dans lequel il n'est pas miscible. Cette dispersion thermodynamiquement instable est souvent stabilisée par l'addition de composés amphiphiles émulsifiant, notamment des tensioactifs. - Bitume : Mélange de composés hydrocarbonés issu du pétrole, solubles dans le sulfure de carbone et caractérisés par une viscosité élevée à température ambiante et des qualités d'adhésifs, notamment des granulats. La viscosité des bitumes varie des bitumes très durs, de grade 10/20 qui sont solides à température ambiante, jusqu'aux bitumes de grade 160/220, qui sont mous mais non liquides à température ambiante.Emulsion: Thermodynamically unstable dispersion of a liquid in another liquid in which it is immiscible. This thermodynamically unstable dispersion is often stabilized by the addition of emulsifying amphiphilic compounds, especially surfactants. - Bitumen: Mixture of hydrocarbon compounds derived from petroleum, soluble in carbon disulphide and characterized by a high viscosity at ambient temperature and adhesive qualities, especially aggregates. The viscosity of bitumens ranges from very hard bitumen, grade 10/20, which is solid at room temperature, to grade 160/220 grade bitumens, which are soft but not liquid at room temperature.
Huile végétale : composition extraite de plantes oléagineuses, ladite composition est hydrophobe et liquide à température ambiante, notamment à une température de l'ordre de 2O0C. Chimiquement, les huiles végétales sont composées principalement de glycérides. La formule chimique des glycérides comprend une molécule de propane- 1,2,3-triol (glycérol) dans laquelle l'une, au moins, des fonctions hydroxyle du glycérol est engagée dans une liaison chimique, de type ester, avec un acide carboxylique aliphatique.Vegetable oil: composition extracted from oleaginous plants, said composition is hydrophobic and liquid at room temperature, especially at a temperature of the order of 20 ° C. Chemically, the vegetable oils are composed mainly of glycerides. The chemical formula of glycerides comprises a propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol) molecule in which at least one of the hydroxyl functions of glycerol is engaged in a chemical bond, of the ester type, with a carboxylic acid aliphatic.
Tensioactif : agent bifonctionnel qui modifie la tension superficielle d'une interface qui peut être air/liquide ou liquide/liquide. S'agissant d'une interface entre deux liquides non miscibles, notamment l'eau et l'huile, le tensioactif stabilise l'émulsion des deux liquides. Le tensioactif rend hydrophile la surface des gouttelettes grasses dispersées dans l'eau d'une émulsion directe (huile dans eau). Il rend aussi hydrophobe la surface des gouttelettes aqueuses dispersées dans l'huile d'une émulsion inverse (eau dans huile). - Balance Hydrophile Lipophile (HLB) : La BalanceSurfactant: a bifunctional agent that modifies the surface tension of an interface that can be air / liquid or liquid / liquid. Being an interface between two immiscible liquids, in particular water and oil, the surfactant stabilizes the emulsion of both liquids. The surfactant hydrophilizes the surface of the fat droplets dispersed in the water of a direct emulsion (oil in water). It also hydrophobes the surface of the aqueous droplets dispersed in the oil of an inverse emulsion (water in oil). - Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance (HLB): The Balance
Hydrophile Lipophile d'un tensioactif est la mesure des contributions relatives hydrophiles et lipophiles du tensioactif.Lipophilic Hydrophile of a surfactant is the measurement of the relative hydrophilic and lipophilic contributions of the surfactant.
L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse comprenant les étapes suivantes : - préparation d'une composition biphasique, dite composition hydrolipidique, comprenant :The invention relates to a method for preparing a bituminous foam comprising the following steps: - preparation of a two-phase composition, said hydrolipid composition, comprising:
• une phase lipidique, comprenant au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des esters, dits esters gras aliphatiques, comprenant au moins une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8,A lipid phase, comprising at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8,
• une phase aqueuse, non miscible avec la phase lipidique, mélange sous pression atmosphérique de ladite composition hydrolipidique préalablement placée à une température Tl inférieure à 1000C, avec une composition bitumineuse préalablement placée à une température T2 supérieure à 14O0C, en présence d'une composition, dite composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s), comprenant au moins un tensioactif, dit tensioactif moussant, apte à entraîner un moussage à l'air. Contre toute attente, les inventeurs ont observé que l'incorporation d'une composition hydrolipidique selon l'invention portée à une température inférieure à 1000C, notamment comprise entre 500C et 900C, et comprenant une phase lipidique, de nature hydrophobe, et une phase aqueuse, de nature hydrophile, non miscibles entre elles, dans une composition bitumineuse portée à une température supérieure à 14O0C, en présence d'un ou de plusieurs tensioactifs moussants, permet de faire mousser cette composition bitumineuse jusqu'à atteindre une valeur élevée de son coefficient d'expansion, notamment de l'ordre de 9, tout en conservant les qualités fonctionnelles propres à un liant bitumineux. II est remarquable que la température Tl, inférieure à 1000C, à laquelle la composition hydrolipidique est placée préalablement au mélange de ladite composition hydrolipidique avec la composition bitumineuse est telle que la phase aqueuse de la composition hydrolipidique est sous forme liquide.An aqueous phase, immiscible with the lipid phase, mixing under atmospheric pressure of said hydrolipid composition previously placed at a temperature Tl of less than 100 ° C., with a bituminous composition previously placed at a temperature T2 greater than 140 ° C., in the presence a composition, said surfactant composition (s) foaming (s), comprising at least one surfactant, said foaming surfactant, capable of causing foaming in air. Unexpectedly, the inventors have observed that the incorporation of a hydrolipidic composition according to the invention brought to a temperature below 100 0 C, in particular between 50 0 C and 90 0 C, and comprising a lipid phase, of nature hydrophobic, and an aqueous phase of hydrophilic nature, immiscible with each other, in a bituminous composition heated to a temperature greater than 140 ° C. in the presence of one or more Foaming surfactants makes it possible to foam this bituminous composition until it reaches a high value of its expansion coefficient, in particular of the order of 9, while retaining the functional qualities specific to a bituminous binder. It is remarkable that the temperature T1, lower than 100 ° C., at which the hydrolipid composition is placed before mixing said hydrolipidic composition with the bituminous composition is such that the aqueous phase of the hydrolipidic composition is in liquid form.
Cependant, lors du mélange de la composition hydrolipidique, préparée à une température inférieure à 1000C, avec la composition bitumineuse placée à une température supérieure à 1400C, la température de la composition hydrolipidique augmente fortement, tandis que la température de la composition bitumineuse diminue légèrement, ou reste stable. La forte augmentation de la température de la composition hydrolipidique, conduit à la transformation de la phase aqueuse liquide de la composition hydrolipidique en vapeur, alors que, dans le même temps, la température de la composition bitumineuse décroit. Ainsi la composition bitumineuse reste à l'état liquide.However, when the hydrolipid composition, prepared at a temperature below 100 ° C., is mixed with the bituminous composition placed at a temperature greater than 140 ° C., the temperature of the hydrolipid composition increases sharply, while the temperature of the composition bituminous decreases slightly, or remains stable. The sharp increase in the temperature of the hydrolipidic composition leads to the transformation of the liquid aqueous phase of the hydrolipidic composition into vapor, while at the same time the temperature of the bituminous composition decreases. Thus the bituminous composition remains in the liquid state.
Il est à noter qu'un tel effet de moussage de la composition bitumineuse est obtenu à une pression proche de la pression atmosphérique, notamment à la pression atmosphérique. Le procédé selon l'invention permet notamment de préparer une mousse bitumineuse dans des conditions optimales de sécurité.It should be noted that such a foaming effect of the bituminous composition is obtained at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, especially at atmospheric pressure. The process according to the invention makes it possible in particular to prepare a bituminous foam under optimal safety conditions.
L'utilisation, pour la préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse, d'une phase lipidique comprenant, au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des esters, dits esters gras aliphatiques, comprenant au moins une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8, permet, simultanément, de diminuer la quantité de composition bitumineuse destinée à la réalisation d'une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention, mais aussi, de valoriser ledit composé lipidique. Particulièrement selon l'invention, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des mono-esters et des poly-esters, lesdits mono-esters et poly-esters comprenant au moins une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8.The use, for the preparation of a bituminous foam, of a lipid phase comprising at least one compound, said lipid compound, chosen from the group formed by the esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8, allows, simultaneously, to reduce the amount of bituminous composition for producing a bitumen foam according to the invention, but also to enhance said lipid compound. Particularly according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of mono-esters and poly-esters, said mono-esters and poly-esters comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8 .
Particulièrement selon l'invention, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe des esters, dits esters gras aliphatiques, et comprenant, une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8, et une chaîne aliphatique comprenant un nombre d'atomes de carbone compris entre 1 et 3. Plus particulièrement selon l'invention, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe formé des esters méthyliques d'acide carboxylique aliphatique, des esters éthyliques d'acide carboxylique aliphatique et des esters propanoliques d'acide carboxylique aliphatique, et comprenant une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8. Encore plus particulièrement selon l'invention, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe formé des esters alcooliques de l'acide formique, des esters alcooliques de l'acide acétique et des esters alcooliques de l'acide propanoïque, et comprenant une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8.Particularly according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, chosen from the group of esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, and comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8, and an aliphatic chain comprising a number of carbon atoms of between 1 and 3. More particularly according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acid, ethyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acid and propanol esters of aliphatic carboxylic acid, and comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8. Even more particularly according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of group formed of alcoholic esters of formic acid, alcoholic esters of acetic acid and alcoholic esters of pro-acid pano, and comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
Ainsi, la phase lipidique est constituée de composés organiques, chimiquement apolaires, de nature hydrophobe et miscibles entre eux. Cette phase lipidique n'est, en revanche, pas miscible avec la phase aqueuse, qui est elle-même constituée de composés polaires liquides miscibles entre eux. Le mélange de la phase aqueuse et de la phase lipidique conduit soit à la dispersion, thermodynamiquement instable, de la phase lipidique, sous la forme de microgouttelettes, dans la phase aqueuse, soit à la dispersion, thermodynamiquement instable elle aussi, de la phase aqueuse, sous la forme de microgouttelettes, dans la phase lipidique.Thus, the lipid phase consists of organic compounds, chemically apolar, hydrophobic in nature and miscible with each other. This lipid phase, on the other hand, is immiscible with the aqueous phase, which itself consists of liquid polar compounds that are miscible with one another. The mixture of the aqueous phase and the lipid phase leads either to the thermodynamically unstable dispersion of the lipid phase, in the form of microdroplets, in the aqueous phase, or to the thermodynamically unstable dispersion of the aqueous phase. in the form of microdroplets in the lipid phase.
Pour que la phase lipidique soit sous une forme liquide lors de la préparation de la composition hydrolipidique, on chauffe avantageusement ladite phase lipidique à une température comprise entre 20°C et 9O0C, notamment entre 2O0C et 500C. En parallèle, pour que la phase aqueuse soit sous une forme liquide lors de la préparation de la composition hydrolipidique, on chauffe avantageusement ladite phase aqueuse à une température comprise entre 200C et 900C, notamment entre 200C et 5O0C. Ainsi, dans ces conditions de réalisation de l'invention, le mélange de la phase aqueuse et de la phase lipidique conduit à une composition hydrolipidique dans laquelle les phases lipidique et aqueuse, non miscibles, sont dispersées sous la forme de deux liquides pour former la composition hydrolipidique.In order for the lipid phase to be in a liquid form during the preparation of the hydrolipid composition, said lipid phase is advantageously heated to a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 90 ° C., in particular between 20 ° C. and 50 ° C. In parallel , so that the aqueous phase is in a liquid form during the preparation of the hydrolipid composition, said aqueous phase is advantageously heated at a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 90 ° C., in particular between 20 ° C. and 50 ° C. Thus, under these embodiments of the invention, mixing the aqueous phase and the lipid phase leads to a hydrolipid composition in which the immiscible lipid and aqueous phases are dispersed in the form of two liquids to form the hydrolipid composition.
La composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) contient au moins un tensioactif, dit tensioactif moussant, apte à entraîner un moussage à l'air. Ledit tensioactif moussant est un tensioactif qui présente la propriété de produire une mousse lorsque de l'air est insufflé dans le tensioactif liquide. Les inventeurs ont observé qu'une telle composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) permet le moussage de la composition bitumineuse, préalablement chauffée à une température supérieure à 1400C, lorsqu'elle est mélangée avec une composition hydrolipidique selon l'invention, elle-même chauffée à un température inférieure à 1000C. Un tel tensioactif moussant, peut être un tensioactif moussant entrant dans la composition de la composition bitumineuse et/ou un tensioactif moussant entrant dans la composition de la composition hydrolipidique. Selon un procédé conforme à l'invention, le tensioactif moussant peut aussi être ajouté au cours du mélange de la composition hydrolipidique et de la composition bitumineuse lors de la préparation de la mousse bitumineuse.The surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) contains at least one surfactant, said foaming surfactant, capable of causing foaming in air. Said foaming surfactant is a surfactant which has the property of producing a foam when air is blown into the liquid surfactant. The inventors have observed that such a surfactant (s) foaming composition (s) allows the foaming of the bituminous composition, previously heated to a temperature above 140 0 C, when it is mixed with a hydrolipid composition according to the invention , which itself is heated to a temperature of less than 100 ° C. Such a foaming surfactant may be a foaming surfactant used in the composition of the bituminous composition and / or a foaming surfactant used in the composition of the hydrolipid composition. According to a method according to the invention, the foaming surfactant can also be added during the mixing of the hydrolipidic composition and the bituminous composition during the preparation of the bituminous foam.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le rapport massique composition hydrolipidique/composition bitumineuse est inférieur à 50%, -notamment compris entre 10% et 20%-. Selon un procédé conforme à l'invention, on obtient un mélange présentant un rapport massique composition hydrolipidique/composition bitumineuse égal à 50%, en mélangeant une unité massique de composition hydrolipidique avec deux unités massiques de composition bitumineuse. D'autres valeurs du rapport massique composition hydrolipidique/composition bitumineuse inférieures ou égales à 50% pouvant être utilisées dans un procédé selon l'invention, ainsi que leurs correspondances en masses relatives de composition hydrolipidique et de composition bitumineuse, sont données à titre indicatif dans le tableau ci-dessous.Advantageously and according to the invention, the mass ratio hydrolipid composition / bituminous composition is less than 50%, especially between 10% and 20% -. According to a process in accordance with the invention, a mixture having a mass ratio of hydrolipidic composition / bituminous composition equal to 50% is obtained by mixing a mass unit of hydrolipid composition with two mass units of bituminous composition. Other values of the hydrolipidic composition / bituminous composition mass ratio of less than or equal to 50% that can be used in a process according to the invention, as well as their correspondences in relative masses of hydrolipidic composition and bituminous composition, are given as an indication in the table below.
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
Pourtant et contre toute attente, les inventeurs ont observé que, malgré la contribution massique largement minoritaire de la composition hydrolipidique par rapport à la masse de la composition bitumineuse, le volume de la mousse bitumineuse obtenue selon le procédé de l'invention est multiplié par un facteur, dit facteur d'expansion, important, notamment de l'ordre de 9, lors du mélange de la composition bitumineuse avec la composition hydrolipidique à une température supérieure à 1400C, en présence d'une composition, dite composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s), comprenant au moins un tensioactif, dit tensioactif moussant, apte à entraîner un moussage à l'air.However, against all odds, the inventors have observed that, despite the largely minor mass contribution of the hydrolipidic composition relative to the mass of the bituminous composition, the volume of the bituminous foam obtained according to the process of the invention is multiplied by one factor, said expansion factor, important, in particular of the order of 9, during mixing of the bituminous composition with the hydrolipid composition at a temperature greater than 140 ° C., in the presence of a composition, called a surfactant composition ( s) foaming (s), comprising at least one surfactant, said foaming surfactant, capable of causing foaming in air.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la phase aqueuse est choisie dans le groupe formé des solutions aqueuses et des solutions hydroalcooliques. Une solution aqueuse est composée majoritairement d'eau liquide comprenant des composés miscibles avec cette eau liquide et/ou des composés solubles dans cette même eau liquide. L'eau peut être une eau naturelle ou bien encore une eau traitée au moyen d'un agent chimique ou d'un procédé physique, notamment, distillée, filtrée, et/ou déminéralisée. L'eau dite naturelle, est une eau liquide existant dans la nature, sous la forme d'eau douce, ou encore sous la forme d'eau de mer.Advantageously and according to the invention, the aqueous phase is chosen from the group consisting of aqueous solutions and hydroalcoholic solutions. An aqueous solution is mainly composed of liquid water comprising compounds that are miscible with this liquid water and / or compounds that are soluble in this same liquid water. The water may be natural water or even water treated with a chemical agent or a physical process, including distilled, filtered, and / or demineralized. The so-called natural water is a liquid water existing in nature, in the form of fresh water, or in the form of of seawater.
Parmi les composés miscibles dans l'eau liquide, on peut citer les composés à polarité élevée, notamment les alcools, présentant des groupements chimiques aptes à établir entre eux, et avec les molécules d'eau, des liaisons électrostatiques de faible énergie, -notamment des liaisons hydrogène-. Ces alcools sont choisis dans le groupe formé des alcanes linéaires hydroxylés dont le nombre d'atomes de carbone est inférieur à 5, -notamment le butanol-1, le butanol-2, le propanol-1, Pisopropanol-. Ces alcools, ajoutés en faible proportion dans la phase aqueuse, et dans la limite de leur solubilité dans l'eau, contribuent avantageusement à la préparation de la composition hydrolipidique en favorisant la dispersion de la composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) dans ladite composition hydrolipidique. L'utilisation de ces alcools ne conduit cependant pas à la réalisation d'un mélange homogène, à l'échelle moléculaire, de la phase aqueuse dans la phase lipidique dans la composition hydrolipidique, qui demeure une composition biphasique. Parmi les composés qui sont solubles dans l'eau liquide, on choisi des sels de cations monovalents, -notamment le NaCl et le KCl- et de cations divalents, -notamment le CaCl2, et du MgSO4-. Les sels en solution dans la phase aqueuse permettent de moduler les interactions électrostatiques entre les constituants de la phase aqueuse et de la phase lipidique. Ils permettent ainsi de stabiliser ces interactions et avantageusement de stabiliser la composition hydrolipidique selon l'invention.Among the miscible compounds in liquid water, mention may be made of high-polarity compounds, especially alcohols, having chemical groups capable of establishing between them, and with the water molecules, electrostatic bonds of low energy, particularly hydrogen bonds. These alcohols are selected from the group consisting of linear hydroxyl alkanes whose carbon number is less than 5, especially 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol. These alcohols, added in a small proportion in the aqueous phase, and within the limit of their solubility in water, advantageously contribute to the preparation of the hydrolipid composition by promoting the dispersion of the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) in said hydrolipidic composition. The use of these alcohols, however, does not lead to the production of a homogeneous mixture, at the molecular level, of the aqueous phase in the lipid phase in the hydrolipid composition, which remains a biphasic composition. Among the compounds which are soluble in liquid water, salts of monovalent cations, in particular NaCl and KCl-, and divalent cations, in particular CaCl 2 , and MgSO 4 - are chosen. The salts in solution in the aqueous phase make it possible to modulate the electrostatic interactions between the constituents of the aqueous phase and of the lipid phase. They thus make it possible to stabilize these interactions and advantageously to stabilize the hydrolipidic composition according to the invention.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique présentant une température d'ébullition, à pression atmosphérique, supérieure à 18O0C. Ainsi, lors de réchauffement de la composition hydrolipidique, préalablement placée à une température Tl inférieure à 1000C, jusqu'à une température inférieure à la température T2 de chauffage de la composition bitumineuse, l'un au moins des composés lipidiques de la phase lipidique, ayant une température d'ébullition supérieure à 18O0C, reste sous forme liquide dans la mousse bitumineuse. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la composition hydrolipidique contient une proportion massique de phase lipidique comprise entre 20% et 80%, -notamment entre 25% et 60%-. Une proportion massique de phase lipidique dans la composition hydrolipidique comprise entre 20% et 80% est particulièrement adaptée pour permettre un moussage efficace du mélange de la composition bitumineuse et de la composition hydrolipidique, à une température supérieure à 14O0C. Ce moussage efficace, conduisant à une expansion importante de la mousse bitumineuse, laquelle expansion est caractérisée par un coefficient d'expansion de l'ordre de 9, permet avantageusement d'obtenir un enrobé bitumineux dans lequel la proportion massique finale de phase lipidique dans cet enrobé est inférieure à 10%.Advantageously and according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound having a boiling point, at atmospheric pressure, greater than 18O 0 C. Thus, during heating of the hydrolipid composition, previously placed at a temperature of temperature T1 below 100 ° C., up to a temperature below the heating temperature T2 of the bituminous composition, at least one of the lipid compounds of the lipid phase, having a boiling point greater than 18 ° C., remains in liquid form in the bituminous foam. Advantageously and according to the invention, the composition hydrolipidic contains a mass proportion of lipid phase of between 20% and 80%, especially between 25% and 60% -. A mass proportion of lipid phase in the hydrolipidic composition of between 20% and 80% is particularly suitable to allow efficient foaming of the mixture of the bituminous composition and the hydrolipid composition, at a temperature above 140 ° C. This effective foaming, leading to a significant expansion of the bitumen foam, which expansion is characterized by an expansion coefficient of the order of 9, advantageously makes it possible to obtain a bituminous mix in which the final mass proportion of lipid phase in this bitumen is less than 10%.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la composition hydrolipidique est une émulsion de la phase lipidique et de la phase aqueuse comprenant au moins un tensioactif. Ainsi, selon un procédé conforme à l'invention, un tensioactif compris dans la composition hydrolipidique permet de réaliser une émulsion stable de l'une dans l'autre des deux phases aqueuse et lipidique, lesquelles deux phases ne peuvent pas former d' émulsion stable en l'absence dudit tensioactif. En l'absence de tensioactif, les deux phases aqueuse et lipidique, non miscibles, ne se mélangent pas entre elles et se distribuent, à l'équilibre, conformément à leurs densités respectives, sous la forme de deux phases superposées, qui ne permettent pas le moussage. Les inventeurs ont observé que la composition hydrolipidique, ainsi stabilisée sous la forme d'une émulsion par le tensioactif, permet l'obtention d'une mousse bitumineuse de grande homogénéité et de grande qualité.Advantageously and according to the invention, the hydrolipidic composition is an emulsion of the lipid phase and of the aqueous phase comprising at least one surfactant. Thus, according to a process in accordance with the invention, a surfactant included in the hydrolipid composition makes it possible to produce a stable emulsion of the one of the two aqueous and lipid phases, which two phases can not form a stable emulsion. in the absence of said surfactant. In the absence of surfactant, the two immiscible aqueous and lipid phases do not mix with each other and are distributed, in equilibrium, according to their respective densities, in the form of two superimposed phases, which do not allow foaming. The inventors have observed that the hydrolipid composition, thus stabilized in the form of an emulsion by the surfactant, makes it possible to obtain a bituminous foam of great homogeneity and high quality.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la composition hydrolipidique est une émulsion directe de la phase lipidique dans la phase aqueuse. Ainsi, selon un procédé conforme à l'invention, la composition hydrolipidique est une émulsion stable dans laquelle la phase lipidique est dispersée sous la forme de gouttelettes grasses, dans la phase aqueuse. Les inventeurs ont montré qu'une telle composition hydrolipidique conforme à l'invention, non seulement permet le moussage d'une composition bitumineuse lorsque ces deux compositions sont mélangées, à une température supérieure à 140°C, mais aussi que ce moussage est d'excellente qualité. Cette mousse bitumineuse d'excellente qualité est une mousse dans laquelle le mélange de la composition bitumineuse et de la phase lipidique est un continuum dans lequel la phase aqueuse est une phase discontinue, dispersée, en majorité sous forme vapeur, dans le mélange formé de la composition bitumineuse et de la phase lipidique. Cette description suggère que la phase aqueuse est dispersée, sous la forme d'une émulsion inverse, dans le mélange formé de la composition bitumineuse et la phase lipidique.Advantageously and according to the invention, the hydrolipidic composition is a direct emulsion of the lipid phase in the aqueous phase. Thus, according to a process according to the invention, the hydrolipidic composition is a stable emulsion in which the lipid phase is dispersed in the form of fat droplets in the aqueous phase. The inventors have shown that such a hydrolipidic composition according to the invention not only allows the foaming of a bituminous composition when these two compositions are mixed, at a temperature above 140 ° C, but also that this foaming is of excellent quality. This high quality bituminous foam is a foam in which the mixture of the bituminous composition and the lipid phase is a continuum in which the aqueous phase is a discontinuous phase, dispersed, mainly in vapor form, in the mixture formed by the bituminous composition and lipid phase. This description suggests that the aqueous phase is dispersed, in the form of an inverse emulsion, in the mixture formed of the bituminous composition and the lipid phase.
Or, on pouvait s'attendre à ce que le mélange, d'une émulsion directe d'une phase lipidique dans une phase aqueuse, dans une composition bitumineuse chauffée à une température supérieure à 1400C, ne permette pas d'obtenir une telle mousse, mais plutôt conduise à la fluidification de la composition bitumineuse en conformité avec un effet « fluxant » donné par la phase lipidique. De façon totalement surprenante, les inventeurs obtiennent ainsi une mousse bitumineuse dans laquelle le mélange de la composition hydrolipidique avec la composition bitumineuse entraîne la dispersion de la phase aqueuse dans le mélange formé de la composition bitumineuse et de la phase lipidique, sous la forme d'une émulsion inverse.However, it could be expected that the mixture of a direct emulsion of a lipid phase in an aqueous phase, in a bituminous composition heated to a temperature above 140 0 C, does not allow to obtain such foam, but rather lead to the fluidification of the bituminous composition in accordance with a "fluxing" effect given by the lipid phase. Surprisingly, the inventors thus obtain a bituminous foam in which the mixture of the hydrolipidic composition with the bituminous composition causes the dispersion of the aqueous phase in the mixture formed of the bituminous composition and the lipid phase, in the form of an inverse emulsion.
Le sens de l' émulsion (directe ou inverse) et la stabilité de Pémulsion dépendent de l'adéquation entre la HLB globale de la composition de tensioactif(s) utilisé(s) et de la HLB requise de la phase lipidique. En aucun cas, le mélange de la phase lipidique avec la phase aqueuse ne permet l'obtention d'une solution vraie dans laquelle les constituants de la phase lipidique et ceux de la phase aqueuse sont mélangés de façon homogène à l'échelle moléculaire. La vaporisation de la phase aqueuse, à une température supérieure à 14O0C, permet très avantageusement selon l'invention, l'expansion du mélange et la formation d'une mousse bitumineuse.The direction of the emulsion (direct or inverse) and the stability of the emulsion depend on the adequacy between the overall HLB of the surfactant composition (s) used and the required HLB of the lipid phase. Under no circumstances can the mixture of the lipid phase with the aqueous phase make it possible to obtain a true solution in which the constituents of the lipid phase and those of the aqueous phase are mixed homogeneously at the molecular level. The vaporization of the aqueous phase, at a temperature above 140 ° C., advantageously allows, according to the invention, the expansion of the mixture and the formation of a bituminous foam.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la composition hydrolipidique comprend une composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s). La composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) comprend au moins un tensioactif moussant, apte à entraîner un moussage à l'air. La composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) est ajoutée à la composition hydrolipidique au cours de la préparation de la composition hydrolipidique. Avantageusement, le tensioactif moussant permet d'une part de stabiliser la composition hydrolipidique sous la forme d'une émulsion, et d'autre part de réaliser le moussage de la composition bitumineuse lorsque celle- ci est mélangée avec la composition hydrolipidique à une température supérieure à 1400C.Advantageously and according to the invention, the hydrolipid composition comprises a surfactant composition (s) foaming (s). The surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) comprises at least one surfactant foaming, able to cause foaming in the air. The foaming surfactant composition (s) is added to the hydrolipid composition during the preparation of the hydrolipid composition. Advantageously, the foaming surfactant makes it possible, on the one hand, to stabilize the hydrolipidic composition in the form of an emulsion and, on the other hand, to foaming the bituminous composition when it is mixed with the hydrolipid composition at a higher temperature. at 140 ° C.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la composition hydrolipidique comprend une composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) dans la phase aqueuse. Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, on ajoute la composition moussante dans la phase aqueuse préalablement chauffée à une température comprise entre 200C et 900C, -notamment entre 200C et 500C- et on agite le mélange jusqu'à dissolution complète de la composition moussante dans la phase aqueuse. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la proportion massique de la composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) dans la composition hydrolipidique est : inférieure à 8 %, -notamment comprise entre 0,5% et 6%-, et - apte à provoquer un moussage lors du mélange sous pression atmosphérique de la composition hydrolipidique et de la composition bitumineuse.Advantageously and according to the invention, the hydrolipid composition comprises a surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) in the aqueous phase. According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the foaming composition is added to the aqueous phase preheated to a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 90 ° C., in particular between 20 ° C. and 50 ° C., and the mixture is stirred at room temperature. mixing until complete dissolution of the foaming composition in the aqueous phase. Advantageously and according to the invention, the mass proportion of the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) in the hydrolipid composition is: less than 8%, especially between 0.5% and 6% -, and - suitable for cause foaming during mixing at atmospheric pressure of the hydrolipidic composition and the bituminous composition.
Dans ces proportions pondérales, la quantité de composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) est suffisante, dans le mélange de la composition bitumineuse et de la composition hydrolipidique, pour entraîner un moussage, mais n'est pas excessive et n'est donc pas apte à modifier les propriétés intrinsèques de cohésion, et d'enrobage de la mousse bitumineuse vis-à-vis d'un granulat minéral.In these weight proportions, the amount of surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) is sufficient in the mixture of the bituminous composition and the hydrolipid composition, to cause foaming, but is not excessive and therefore is not able to modify the intrinsic properties of cohesion, and coating of the bituminous foam vis-à-vis a mineral aggregate.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) comprend au moins un tensioactif moussant présentant un coefficient HLB supérieur à 7, -notamment supérieur à 12-. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) est obtenue par saponification d'au moins une huile d'origine végétale. Une telle saponification consiste à traiter l'huile d'origine végétale, à chaud, par une base forte dans l'eau pour produire un sel d'acide carboxylique aliphatique. Préférentiellement et selon l'invention, une composition à base d'oléate de sodium est obtenue par saponification de l'huile de colza par la soude.Advantageously and according to the invention, the surfactant (s) foaming composition (s) comprises at least one foaming surfactant having an HLB coefficient greater than 7, in particular greater than 12-. Advantageously and according to the invention, the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) is obtained by saponification of at least one vegetable oil. Such saponification is to treat the vegetable oil, hot, with a strong base in water to produce an aliphatic carboxylic acid salt. Preferably and according to the invention, a composition based on sodium oleate is obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil with sodium hydroxide.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, Ia composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) comprend une proportion massique d'au moins un oléate choisi dans le groupe des oléates alcalins, -notamment l'oléate de sodium et l'oléate de potassium-, comprise entre 10% et 90%, -notamment proche de 50%-.Advantageously and according to the invention, the foaming surfactant composition (s) comprises a mass proportion of at least one oleate selected from the group of alkaline oleates, in particular sodium oleate and potassium oleate. between 10% and 90%, especially close to 50%.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la composition hydrolipidique comprend au moins un tensioactif présentant un coefficient HLB inférieur à 7, -notamment inférieur à 5-. Particulièrement, la composition hydrolipidique comprend au moins un tensioactif présentant un coefficient HLB inférieur à 7, -notamment inférieur à 5-, choisi, notamment dans le groupe formé des tensioactifs non ioniques. Préférentiellement, la composition hydrolipidique comprend au moins un tensioactif choisi dans le groupe formé des tensioactifs osidiques, notamment glucosidique. Plus préférentiellement, la composition hydrolipidique comprend au moins un tensioactif choisi dans le groupe formé des carboxylates de sorbitan, -notamment le monooléate de sorbitan, le trioléate de sorbitan, le monostéarate de sorbitan- .Advantageously and according to the invention, the hydrolipid composition comprises at least one surfactant having an HLB coefficient of less than 7, in particular less than 5. In particular, the hydrolipidic composition comprises at least one surfactant having an HLB coefficient of less than 7, in particular less than 5, chosen especially in the group formed by nonionic surfactants. Preferably, the hydrolipidic composition comprises at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of saccharide surfactants, in particular glucosidic surfactants. More preferably, the hydrolipid composition comprises at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of sorbitan carboxylates, in particular sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan monostearate.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la composition hydrolipidique comprend au moins un tensioactif dans la phase lipidique. Il est d'un intérêt particulier que soit présent dans la phase lipidique un tensioactif apte à favoriser la dispersion de la phase lipidique dans la phase aqueuse lors de la préparation de la composition hydrolipidique. En effet, un tel tensioactif soluble dans la phase lipidique est hydrophobe et bifonctionnel par nature. Un tel tensioactif est apte à stabiliser les interactions moléculaires des composés lipidiques de la phase lipidique avec les composés polaires de la phase aqueuse présents dans l'émulsion de la composition hydrolipidique.Advantageously and according to the invention, the hydrolipid composition comprises at least one surfactant in the lipid phase. It is of particular interest that there is present in the lipid phase a surfactant capable of promoting the dispersion of the lipid phase in the aqueous phase during the preparation of the hydrolipid composition. Indeed, such a surfactant soluble in the lipid phase is hydrophobic and bifunctional in nature. Such a surfactant is capable of stabilizing the molecular interactions of the lipid compounds of the lipid phase with the polar compounds of the aqueous phase present in the emulsion of the hydrolipidic composition.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) comprend un agent, dit agent co-tensioactif, choisi dans le groupe formé des alcanes linéaires hydroxylés ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone inférieur à 10. L'agent co-tensioactif est apte à augmenter l'efficacité du tensioactif moussant ainsi qu'à stabiliser l'émulsion. Il est d'un intérêt particulier de stabiliser l'émulsion formée lors de la préparation de la composition hydrolipidique de telle sorte que la dispersion de la phase lipidique sous la forme de gouttelettes dans la phase aqueuse soit conservée jusqu'au mélange de ladite composition hydrolipidique avec la composition bitumineuse chauffée à 140°C. Le co-tensioactif est choisi, préférentiellement, dans le groupe formé des alcanes linéaires hydroxylés ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone inférieur à 10 et dans lesquels la fonction hydroxyle est une fonction hydroxyle primaire. Selon un mode préféré de l'invention, le co-tensioactif est l'hexanol. II est à noter que l'agent co-tensioactif, alcane linéaire hydroxyle ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone inférieur à 10, n'est pas un alcool éventuellement contenu dans la solution aqueuse, qui est miscible dans cette solution aqueuse, et dont le nombre d'atomes de carbone est nécessairement inférieur à 5. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la phase lipidique comprend, au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des esters, dits esters gras aliphatiques, comprenant au moins une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8, la proportion massique dudit composé lipidique dans la phase lipidique étant supérieure à 5%, préférentiellement supérieure à 20%, notamment supérieure à 50%. Particulièrement, la phase lipidique est constituée principalement d'esters, dits esters gras aliphatiques. Plus particulièrement, la phase lipidique est constituée essentiellement d'esters gras aliphatiques, notamment exclusivement d'esters gras aliphatiques. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe, dit groupe des glycérides, formé des composés présentant un poids moléculaire supérieur à 100 Da, et répondant à la formule générale CH2OR1 -CHOR2-CH2OR3, dans laquelle R1, R2 et R sont choisis dans le groupe formé de l'hydrogène et des groupements acyles comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, -notamment entre 10 et 22 atomes de carbone-.Advantageously and according to the invention, the surfactant (s) foaming composition (s) comprises an agent, said co-surfactant agent, selected from the group consisting of linear hydroxyl alkanes having a number of carbon atoms of less than 10. L The co-surfactant agent is capable of increasing the effectiveness of the foaming surfactant as well as stabilizing the emulsion. It is of particular interest to stabilize the emulsion formed during the preparation of the hydrolipid composition so that the dispersion of the lipid phase in the form of droplets in the aqueous phase is preserved until the mixture of said hydrolipidic composition is mixed with the bituminous composition heated to 140 ° C. The co-surfactant is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydroxy linear alkanes having a number of carbon atoms of less than 10 and wherein the hydroxyl function is a primary hydroxyl group. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the co-surfactant is hexanol. It should be noted that the co-surfactant, linear alkane hydroxyl having a number of carbon atoms of less than 10, is not an alcohol optionally contained in the aqueous solution, which is miscible in this aqueous solution, and the number of carbon atoms is necessarily less than 5. Advantageously and according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, called lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising at least an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8, the mass proportion of said lipid compound in the lipid phase being greater than 5%, preferably greater than 20%, especially greater than 50%. In particular, the lipid phase consists mainly of esters, known as aliphatic fatty esters. More particularly, the lipid phase consists essentially of aliphatic fatty esters, especially exclusively aliphatic fatty esters. Advantageously and according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group, called glyceride group, formed compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and having the general formula CH 2 OR 1 -CHOR 2 -CH 2 OR 3 , wherein R 1 R 2 and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and acyl groups having more than 8 carbon atoms, especially between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
Préférentiellement, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe, dit groupe des triglycérides, formé des composés présentant un poids moléculaire supérieur à 100 Da, et répondant à la formule générale CH2OR'-CHOR2-CH2OR3, dans laquelle R1, R2 et R3 sont choisis dans le groupe formé des groupements acyles comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, -notamment entre 10 et 22 atomes de carbone-.Preferably, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group, called triglyceride group, formed compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and corresponding to the general formula CH 2 OR'-CHOR 2 -CH 2 OR 3 wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of acyl groups having more than 8 carbon atoms, especially between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
Préférentiellement, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe, dit groupe des triglycérides, formé des composés présentant un poids moléculaire supérieur à 100 Da, et répondant à la formule générale CH2OR1 -CHOR2-CH2OR3, dans laquelle R1, R2 et R3 sont choisis dans le groupe formé des groupements acyles linéaires comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, -notamment entre 10 et 22 atomes de carbone, des groupements acyles ramifiés comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, -notamment entre 10 et 22 atomes de carbone-, des groupements acyles saturés comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, -notamment entre 10 et 22 atomes de carbone-, et des groupements acyles insaturés comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, -notamment entre 10 et 22 atomes de carbone-. Préférentiellement, le nombre d' insaturation des groupements acyles insaturés, comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, -notamment entre 10 et 22 atomes de carbone est notamment compris entre 1 et 5.Preferably, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group, called triglyceride group, formed compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and corresponding to the general formula CH 2 OR 1 -CHOR 2 -CH 2 OR 3 in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of linear acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms, branched acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms , especially between 10 and 22 carbon atoms, saturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms, and unsaturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms. Preferably, the number of unsaturated unsaturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms, is in particular between 1 and 5.
Préférentiellement, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe des glycérides, dont la proportion massique dans la phase lipidique est supérieure à 5%, préférentiellement supérieure à 20%, notamment supérieure à 50%. Particulièrement, la phase lipidique est constituée principalement de glycérides. Plus particulièrement, la phase lipidique est constituée essentiellement de glycérides, notamment exclusivement de glycérides.Preferably, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound chosen from the glyceride group, the mass proportion of which in the lipid phase is greater than 5%, preferably greater than 20%, in particular greater than 50%. In particular, the lipid phase consists mainly of glycerides. More particularly, the lipid phase is constituted essentially glycerides, especially exclusively glycerides.
Préférentiellement, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe des triglycérides, dont la proportion massique dans la phase lipidique est supérieure à 5%, préférentiellement supérieure à 20%, notamment supérieure à 50%. Particulièrement, la phase lipidique est constituée principalement de triglycérides. Plus particulièrement, la phase lipidique est constituée essentiellement de triglycérides, notamment exclusivement de triglycérides.Preferentially, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound chosen from the group of triglycerides, the mass proportion of which in the lipid phase is greater than 5%, preferably greater than 20%, especially greater than 50%. In particular, the lipid phase consists mainly of triglycerides. More particularly, the lipid phase consists essentially of triglycerides, especially exclusively triglycerides.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, extrait d'un végétal choisi dans le groupe formé des palmiers à huile, -notamment de Elaeis guineensis-, des cocotiers, -notamment de Cocos nucifera-, des avocatiers, -notamment de Perse -notamment de Olea europea-, du colza, -notamment de Brassica napus-, de l'arachide, -notamment de Arachis hypogaea-, du cacaoyer, -notamment Theobroma cacao-, du tournesol, -notamment -Helianthus annuus-, du riz, -notamment Oryza sativa-, du sésame, -notamment Sesamum inάicum-, de la cameline, -notamment Camelina sativa-, de la moutarde, -notamment Sinapis alba-, de la coriandre, -notamment Coriandrum sativum-, de la citrouille, -notamment Cucurbita pepo-, de l'euphorbe, -notamment Euphorbia species-, du noisetier, -notamment Corylus species-, du lin, -notamment Linum species-, du caféier, -notamment Coffea arabica-, du soja, -notamment Glycine max-, du chanvre, -notamment Canabis sativa-, du coton, -notamment Gossypium species-, des soucis, -notamment Calendula species-, de l'hibiscus, -notamment Hibiscus species-, de l'hévéa, -notamment Hevea brasiliensis-, du palmier, -notamment Erythea Salvador ensis-, de l'avoine, -notamment Avena sativa-, de l'anacardier, -notamment Anacardium occidentale-, du maïs, -notamment Zea mays-, et de Jatrapha curcas.Advantageously and according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, extracted from a plant selected from the group consisting of oil palms, in particular Elaeis guineensis, coconut palms, in particular Cocos nucifera - avocados, in particular Persia, particularly Olea europea, rapeseed, in particular Brassica napus, groundnuts, in particular Arachis hypogaea, cocoa, in particular Theobroma cacao, sunflower, - especially -Helianthus annuus-, rice, particularly Oryza sativa-, sesame, -especially Sesamum inάicum-, camelina, especially Camelina sativa-, mustard, -in particular Sinapis alba-, coriander, - including Coriandrum sativum-, pumpkin, in particular Cucurbita pepo-, euphorbia, especially Euphorbia species, hazel, in particular Corylus species, flax, especially Linum species, coffee, especially Coffea. arabica-, soy, -in particular Glycine max-, hemp, -in particular Canabis sat iva-, cotton, especially Gossypium species, marigolds, in particular Calendula species, hibiscus, especially Hibiscus species, hevea, especially Hevea brasiliensis, palm, especially Erythea Salvador ensies, oats, especially Avena sativa-, cashew, especially Western Anacardium, corn, especially Zea mays, and Jatrapha curcas.
La phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, extrait d'un végétal par trituration dudit végétal, suivie de la pression dudit produit de trituration à chaud ou à froid. Préférentiellement, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, extrait d'un végétal, -notamment des graines dudit végétal-.The lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, extracted from a plant by trituration of said plant, followed by the pressure of said hot or cold trituration product. Preferably, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, extracted from a plant, in particular seeds of said plant.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des huiles d'origine végétale. Particulièrement, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des huiles d'origine végétale, dont la proportion massique dans la phase lipidique est supérieure à 5%, préférentiellement supérieure à 20%, notamment supérieure à 50%. Plus particulièrement, la phase lipidique est constituée principalement d'huile d'origine végétale. Plus particulièrement, la phase lipidique est constituée essentiellement d'huile d'origine végétale, notamment exclusivement d'huile d'origine végétale.Advantageously and according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, called lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils. In particular, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, the mass proportion of which in the lipid phase is greater than 5%, preferably greater than 20%, especially greater than 50%. More particularly, the lipid phase consists mainly of vegetable oil. More particularly, the lipid phase consists essentially of vegetable oil, especially exclusively vegetable oil.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des huiles saponifiées d'origine végétale, des huiles oxydées d'origine végétale et des huiles siccatives d'origine végétale. Les huiles saponifiées sont des huiles ayant subit un traitement par saponification partielle visant à débarrasser l'huile d'une partie, et d'une partie seulement, des acides carboxyliques aliphatiques qui la constituent. Cette opération permet de modifier la viscosité de l'huile avant son utilisation dans un procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention. Les huiles oxydées sont des huiles ayant subit un traitement d'oxydation, notamment à l'air, et conduisant à la modification de leur viscosité. Selon un mode particulier de mise en œuvre de l'invention, de telles modifications de ces huiles confèrent auxdites huiles des propriétés de fluidité particulièrement avantageuses pour la réalisation d'une mousse bitumineuse. Enfin, les huiles siccatives sont des huiles aptes à subir une polymérisation, notamment à l'air, conduisant à un séchage apparent sans évaporation de solvant.Advantageously and according to the invention, the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of saponified oils of plant origin, oxidized oils of vegetable origin and drying oils of vegetable origin. The saponified oils are oils having undergone a partial saponification treatment to rid the oil of a part, and only a part, of the aliphatic carboxylic acids which constitute it. This operation makes it possible to modify the viscosity of the oil before it is used in a process for preparing a bituminous foam according to the invention. Oxidized oils are oils which have undergone oxidation treatment, in particular in air, and leading to the modification of their viscosity. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, such modifications of these oils impart to said oils fluidity properties particularly advantageous for the production of a bituminous foam. Finally, drying oils are oils capable of undergoing polymerization, especially in air, leading to an apparent drying without evaporation of solvent.
L'invention s'étend à une mousse bitumineuse susceptible d'être obtenue par un procédé selon l'invention, comprenant une phase aqueuse discontinue, au moins partiellement sous forme vapeur, dispersée dans un mélange comprenant une composition bitumineuse, en présence d'au moins un tensioactif moussant, caractérisée en ce que ledit mélange comprend en outre au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des esters, dits esters gras aliphatiques, comprenant une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8.The invention extends to a bituminous foam that can be obtained by a process according to the invention, comprising a discontinuous aqueous phase, at least partially in vapor form, dispersed in a mixture comprising a bituminous composition, in the presence of at least one foaming surfactant, characterized in that said mixture further comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of esters, so-called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
Particulièrement, une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des mono-esters et des poly-esters, lesdits mono-esters et poly-esters comprenant au moins une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8. Particulièrement, une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention comprend au moins un composé; dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe des esters, dits esters gras aliphatiques, et comprenant, une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8, et une chaîne aliphatique carbonée comprenant un nombre d'atomes de carbone compris entre 1 et 3. Plus particulièrement, une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe formé des esters méthyliques d'acide carboxylique aliphatique, des esters éthyliques d'acide carboxylique aliphatique et des esters propanoliques d'acide carboxylique aliphatique, ledit composé comprenant une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8.In particular, a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound, called lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of mono-esters and poly-esters, said mono-esters and poly-esters comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a a number of carbon atoms greater than 8. In particular, a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound; said lipid compound, chosen from the group of esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, and comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8, and an aliphatic carbon chain comprising a number of carbon atoms of between 1 and 3. More particularly, a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of aliphatic carboxylic acid methyl esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid ethyl esters and aliphatic carboxylic acid propanol esters, said compound comprising an aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
Plus particulièrement, une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe formé des esters alcooliques de l'acide formique, des esters alcooliques de l'acide acétique et des esters alcooliques de l'acide propanoïque, et comprenant une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8.More particularly, a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alcoholic esters of formic acid, alcoholic esters of acetic acid and alcoholic esters of propanoic acid, and comprising a aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
Préférentiellement, une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe, dit groupe des glycérides, formé des composés présentant un poids moléculaire supérieur à 100 Da, et répondant à la formule générale CH2OR1 -CHOR2-CH2OR3, dans laquelle R1, R2 et R3 sont choisis dans le groupe formé de l'hydrogène et des groupements acyles comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, -notamment entre 10 et 22 atomes de carbone-.Preferably, a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound chosen from the group, called glyceride group, formed from compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and corresponding to the general formula CH 2 OR 1 -CHOR 2 - CH 2 OR 3 , wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
Préférentiellement, une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe, dit groupe des triglycérides, formé des composés présentant un poids moléculaire supérieur à 100 Da, et répondant à la formule générale CH2OR1 -CHOR2-CH2OR3, dans laquelle R1, R2 et R3 sont choisis dans le groupe formé des groupements acyles linéaires comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, des groupements acyles ramifiés comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, des groupements acyles saturés comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, et des groupements acyles insaturés comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone. Préférentiellement, le nombre d' insaturation des groupements acyles insaturés, comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, -notamment entre 10 et 22 atomes de carbone-, est compris entre 1 et 5.Preferably, a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound chosen from the group, called the triglyceride group, formed from compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and corresponding to the general formula CH 2 OR 1 -CHOR 2 - CH 2 OR 3 , wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of linear acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, branched acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, saturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, and unsaturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms. Preferably, the unsaturation number of the unsaturated acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms, is between 1 and 5.
Plus particulièrement, une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des monoglycérides, des diglycérides et des triglycérides.More particularly, a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides.
Préférentiellement, une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe des huiles d'origine végétale. Préférentiellement, une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des huiles d'origine végétale, dont la proportion massique dudit composé, dans la mousse bitumineuse, est comprise entre 1% et 15%, préférentiellement comprise entre 2% et 10%, notamment entre 3% et 5%. Préférentiellement, une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, extrait d'un végétal choisi dans le groupe formé des palmiers à huile, -notamment de Elaeis guineensis-, des cocotiers, -notamment de Cocos nucifera-, des avocatiers, -notamment de Persea americana-, du ricin commun, -notamment de Ricinus communis-, de l'olivier, -notamment de Olea europea-, du colza, -notamment de Brassica napus-, de l'arachide, -notamment de Arachis hypogaea-, du cacaoyer, -notamment Theobroma cacao-, du tournesol, -notamment -Helianthus annuus-, du riz, -notamment Oryza sativa-, du sésame, -notamment Sesamum indicum-, de la cameline, -notamment Camelina sativa-, de la moutarde, -notamment Sinapis alba-, de la coriandre, -notamment Coriandrum sativum-, de la citrouille, -notamment Cucurbita pepo-, de l'euphorbe, -notamment Euphorbia species-, du noisetier, -notamment Corylus species-, du lin, -notamment Linum species-, du caféier, -notamment Coffea arabica-, du soja, -notamment Glycine max-, du chanvre, -notamment Canabis sativa-, du coton, -notamment Gossypium species-, des soucis, -notamment Calendula species-, de l'hibiscus, -notamment Hibiscus species, de l'hévéa, ' -notamment Hevea brasiliensis-, du palmier, -notamment Erythea Salvador ensis-, de l'avoine, -notamment Avena sativa-, de l'anacardier, -notamment Anacardium occidentale-, du maïs, -notamment Zea mays-, et de Jatrapha curcas.Preferably, a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound, called lipid compound, chosen from the group of vegetable oils. Preferably, a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound, called lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of oils of plant origin, the mass proportion of said compound in the bituminous foam is between 1% and 15%. %, preferably between 2% and 10%, especially between 3% and 5%. Preferably, a bituminous foam according to the invention comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, extracted from a plant selected from the group consisting of oil palms, in particular Elaeis guineensis, coconut trees, in particular Cocos nucifera- , avocados, especially Persea americana, common castor oil, especially Ricinus communis, olive trees, particularly Olea europeae, rapeseed, in particular Brassica napus, groundnuts, in particular Arachis hypogaea, cocoa, especially Theobroma cacao, sunflower, especially Helianthus annuus, rice, especially Oryza sativa-, sesame, -especially Sesamum indicum, camelina, especially Camelina sativa-, mustard, especially Sinapis alba-, coriander, especially Coriandrum sativum, pumpkin, in particular Cucurbita pepo-, euphorbia, -especially Euphorbia species, hazel, especially Corylus species, flax, especially linum species, coffee, especially Coffea arabica, soya, especially glycine max, hemp, especially Canabis sativum, cotton, especially Gossypium species-, marigolds, Calendula-especially species-, hibiscus, Hibiscus species-especially of rubber, 'brasiliensis--especially Hevea, the palm-especially Erythea Salvador ensis-, oats - including Avena sativa-, cashew, especially Western Anacardium, corn, especially Zea mays, and Jatrapha curcas.
L'invention s'étend également à l'utilisation d'une mousse bitumineuse conforme à l'invention, pour l'obtention d'un enrobé bitumineux.The invention also extends to the use of a bituminous foam according to the invention, for obtaining a bituminous mix.
L'invention s'étend également à un procédé de préparation d'un enrobé bitumineux, dans lequel on mélange des granulats chauffés à une température inférieure à 1100C, -notamment de l'ordre de 1050C-, et une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention, portée à une température comprise entre 1000C et 1400C.The invention also extends to a process for preparing a bituminous mix, in which aggregates heated to a temperature below 110 ° C., in particular of the order of 105 ° C., and a bituminous foam are mixed. according to the invention, raised to a temperature of between 100 ° C. and 140 ° C.
Avantageusement, on obtient un enrobé bitumineux selon l'invention, en enrobant des granulats chauffés à une température inférieure à 1100C, -notamment de l'ordre de 1050C-, avec une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention, ladite mousse bitumineuse étant préparée par mélange d'une composition bitumineuse préalablement placée à une température supérieure à 14O0C, avec une composition hydrolipidique préalablement placée à une température inférieure à 1000C, la température dudit mélange diminuant jusqu'à une température inférieure à 1 100C, -notamment de l'ordre de 1050C-, juste avant l'enrobage des granulats avec ladite mousse bitumineuse. L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'une mousse bitumineuse, une mousse bitumineuse et l'utilisation de cette mousse bitumineuse pour l'obtention d'un enrobé bitumineux caractérisés en combinaison par tout ou partie des caractéristiques mentionnées ci-dessus ou ci-après.Advantageously, a bituminous mix is obtained according to the invention, by coating aggregates heated to a temperature of less than 110 ° C., in particular of the order of 105 ° C., with a bituminous foam according to the invention, said bituminous foam. being prepared by mixing a bituminous composition previously placed at a temperature above 14O 0 C, with a hydrolipidic composition previously placed at a temperature below 100 0 C, the temperature of said mixture decreasing to a temperature below 1 10 0 C, in particular of the order of 105 ° C., just before coating the aggregates with said bituminous foam. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method a bituminous foam, a bituminous foam and the use of this bituminous foam for obtaining an asphalt mixture characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description des exemples suivants, présentés à titre illustratif et non limitatif de l'invention. Dans ces exemples, les pourcentages exprimés s'entendent en pourcentages massiques.Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description of the following examples, presented by way of illustration and not limitation of the invention. In these examples, the percentages expressed are in percentages by mass.
EXEMPLE 1 : Moussage d'un bitume mou 70/100 par une émulsion d'huile de tournesol. On prépare une phase aqueuse en mélangeant de l'eau avec un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza. On prépare une phase huileuse en mélangeant de l'huile de tournesol avec du monooléate de sorbitan. On réalise le mélange des phases aqueuse et huileuse contenant au final 47% d'eau, 47% d'huile, 2,4% d'un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza et 3,6% de monooléate de sorbitan. Le mélange ainsi obtenu est émulsifié au moyen d'un homogénéiseur de marque Ultra- Turrax® dont la vitesse de rotation est fixée à 1675 rad/s pendant une durée de 2 min.EXAMPLE 1: Foaming of a 70/100 soft bitumen with an emulsion of sunflower oil An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil. An oil phase is prepared by mixing sunflower oil with sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous and oily phases are mixed, finally containing 47% of water, 47% of oil, 2.4% of a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil and 3.6% of sorbitan monooleate. The mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotational speed is set at 1675 rad / s for a period of 2 min.
A 100 g de bitume 70/100 placés dans une enceinte métallique et porté à une température de 1600C, on ajoute 20 g de l'émulsion ci-dessus obtenue et portée à une température de 5O0C. L'agitation est maintenue à une vitesse de 105 rad/s pendant 1 min. Le volume maximal atteint par la mousse est de IL, correspondant à un coefficient d'expansion supérieur à 8.To 100 g of 70/100 bitumen placed in a metal enclosure and brought to a temperature of 160 ° C., 20 g of the emulsion above obtained and brought to a temperature of 50 ° C. are added. The agitation is maintained. at a speed of 105 rad / s for 1 min. The maximum volume reached by the foam is IL, corresponding to an expansion coefficient greater than 8.
Les inventeurs ont mesuré que la distribution en taille des inclusions d'eau liquide dans la mousse bitumineuse après refroidissement est d'une part très homogène et que cette taille est d'autre part comprise entre 0,5 μm et 10 μm. La densité de la mousse bitumineuse ainsi obtenue est comprise entre 0,03 etThe inventors have measured that the size distribution of the inclusions of liquid water in the bituminous foam after cooling is on the one hand very homogeneous and that this size is on the other hand between 0.5 μm and 10 μm. The density of the bitumen foam thus obtained is between 0.03 and
0,3.0.3.
EXEMPLE 2: Moussage d'un bitume mou 70/100 réticulé au soufre, par une émulsion d'huile de colza. On prépare une phase aqueuse en mélangeant de l'eau avec un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza. On prépare une phase huileuse en mélangeant de l'huile de colza avec du monooléate de sorbitan. On réalise le mélange des phases aqueuse et huileuse contenant au final 66,2% d'eau, 28,3% d'huile, 2,2% d'un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza et 3,3% de monooléate de sorbitan. Le mélange ainsi obtenu est émulsifié au moyen d'un homogénéiseur de marque Ultra- Turrax® dont la vitesse de rotation est fixée à 1675 rad/s pendant une durée de 2 min.EXAMPLE 2: Foaming of a 70/100 sulfur-crosslinked soft bitumen with an emulsion of rapeseed oil An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil. An oil phase is prepared by mixing rapeseed oil with sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous and oily phases are mixed with 66.2% of water, 28.3% of oil, 2.2% of soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil and 3.3% of water. sorbitan monooleate. The mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotational speed is set at 1675 rad / s for a period of 2 min.
A 100 g de bitume 70/100 placé dans une enceinte métallique et porté à une température de 1600C, on ajoute 20 g de l'émulsion ci-dessus obtenue et portée à une température de 500C. L'agitation est maintenue à une vitesse de 105 rad/s pendant 1 min. Le volume maximal de la mousse est de 1,1 L, correspondant à un coefficient d'expansion supérieur à 8,5.To 100 g of 70/100 bitumen placed in a metal enclosure and brought to a temperature of 160 ° C., 20 g of the emulsion above obtained and brought to a temperature of 50 ° C. are added. The agitation is maintained. at a speed of 105 rad / s for 1 min. The maximum volume of the foam is 1.1 L, corresponding to an expansion coefficient greater than 8.5.
EXEMPLE 3: Moussage d'un bitume dur 20/30 par une émulsion d'huile de colza contenant 4% de tensioactif. On prépare une phase aqueuse en mélangeant de l'eau avec un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza. On prépare une phase huileuse en mélangeant de l'huile de tournesol avec du monooléate de sorbitan. On réalise le mélange des phases aqueuse et huileuse contenant au final 58% d'eau, 48% d'huile, 2% d'un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza et 2% de monooléate de sorbitan. Le mélange ainsi obtenu est émulsifié au moyen d'un homogénéiseur de marque Ultra-Turrax® dont la vitesse de rotation est fixée à 1675 rad/s pendant une durée de 2 min.EXAMPLE 3: Foaming of a 20/30 hard bitumen with a rapeseed oil emulsion containing 4% of surfactant An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil. An oil phase is prepared by mixing sunflower oil with sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous and oily phases are mixed, finally containing 58% of water, 48% of oil, 2% of a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil and 2% of sorbitan monooleate. The mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotation speed is fixed at 1675 rad / s for a duration of 2 min.
A 100 g de bitume 20/30 placé dans une enceinte métallique et porté à une température de 1600C, on ajoute 20 g de l'émulsion ci-dessus obtenue et portée à une température de 5O0C. L'agitation est maintenue à une vitesse de 105 rad/s pendant 1 min. Le volume maximal de la mousse est de 1,2 L, correspondant à un coefficient d'expansion de l'ordre de 9.To 100 g of 20/30 bitumen placed in a metal enclosure and brought to a temperature of 160 ° C., 20 g of the emulsion above obtained and brought to a temperature of 50 ° C. are added. The stirring is maintained. at a speed of 105 rad / s for 1 min. The maximum volume of the foam is 1.2 L, corresponding to an expansion coefficient of the order of 9.
EXEMPLE 4: Moussage d'un bitume de grade 20/30 par une émulsion d'huile de colza contenant 5,5% de tensioactif. On prépare une phase aqueuse en mélangeant de l'eau avec un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza. On prépare une phase huileuse en mélangeant de l'huile de tournesol avec du monooléate de sorbitan. On réalise le mélange des phases aqueuse et huileuse contenant au final 47,2% d'eau, 47,2% d'huile, 2,75% d'un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza et 2,75% de monooléate de sorbitan. Le mélange ainsi obtenu est émulsifié au moyen d'un homogénéiseur de marque Ultra-Turrax® dont la vitesse de rotation est fixée à 1675 rad/s pendant une durée de 2 min.EXAMPLE 4 Foaming of a Bitumen of Grade 20/30 by an Emulsion of Rapeseed Oil Containing 5.5% Surfactant An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil. An oil phase is prepared by mixing sunflower oil with sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous and oily phases are mixed, finally containing 47.2% of water, 47.2% of oil, 2.75% of a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil and 2.75% of water. sorbitan monooleate. The mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotation speed is fixed at 1675 rad / s for a duration of 2 min.
A 100 g de bitume 20/30 placé dans une enceinte métallique et porté à une température de 1600C, on ajoute 20 g de l'émulsion ci-dessus obtenue et portée à une température de 5O0C. On maintient l'agitation à une vitesse de 105 rad/s pendant 1 min. Le volume maximal de la mousse est de 0,95 L, correspondant à un coefficient d'expansion supérieur à 7.To 100 g of 20/30 bitumen placed in a metal enclosure and brought to a temperature of 160 ° C., 20 g of the emulsion above obtained and brought to a temperature of 50 ° C. are added. Stirring is maintained at a speed of 105 rad / s for 1 min. The maximum volume of the foam is 0.95 L, corresponding to an expansion coefficient greater than 7.
EXEMPLE 5: Moussage d'un bitume mou 70/100 par une émulsion d'huile de colza contenant 1% de tensioactif. On prépare une phase aqueuse en mélangeant de l'eau avec un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza. On réalise le mélange de la phase aqueuse avec de l'huile de colza contenant au final 69,5% d'eau, 39,5% d'huile, 1% d'un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza. Le mélange ainsi obtenu est émulsifié au moyen d'un homogénéiseur de marque Ultra-Turrax® dont la vitesse de rotation est fixée à 1675 rad/s pendant une durée de 2 min.EXAMPLE 5: Foaming of a 70/100 soft bitumen with an emulsion of rapeseed oil containing 1% of surfactant An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil. The aqueous phase is mixed with rapeseed oil containing finally 69.5% water, 39.5% oil, 1% of a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil. The mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotation speed is fixed at 1675 rad / s for a duration of 2 min.
A 100 g de bitume 70/100 placé dans une enceinte métallique et porté à une température de 1600C, on ajoute 20 g de l'émulsion ci-dessus obtenue et portée à une température de 5O0C. On maintient l'agitation à une vitesse de 105 rad/s pendant 1 min. Le volume maximal de la mousse est de 1,1 L, correspondant à un coefficient d'expansion supérieur à 8,5.To 100 g of 70/100 bitumen placed in a metal enclosure and brought to a temperature of 160 ° C., 20 g of the emulsion above obtained and brought to a temperature of 50 ° C. are added. Stirring is maintained at a speed of 105 rad / s for 1 min. The maximum volume of the foam is 1.1 L, corresponding to an expansion coefficient greater than 8.5.
EXEMPLE 6: Moussage d'un bitume dur 10/20 et d'une émulsion d'huile de colza contenant 5% de tensioactif, et enrobage d'un squelette granulaire.EXAMPLE 6 Foaming of a 10/20 Hard Bitumen and an Emulsion of Rapeseed Oil Containing 5% Surfactant, and Coating of a Granular Skeleton
On prépare une phase aqueuse en mélangeant de l'eau avec un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza. On réalise le mélange de la phase aqueuse avec de l'huile de colza contenant au final 50,5% d'eau, 44,5% d'huile, 5% d'un savon obtenu par saponification d'huile de colza. Le mélange ainsi obtenu est émulsifié au moyen d'un homogénéiseur de marque Ultra- Turrax® dont la vitesse de rotation est fixée à 1675 rad/s pendant une durée de 2 min. A 300 g de bitume 10/20 placé dans une enceinte métallique et porté à une température de 1600C, on ajoute 60 g de l'émulsion ci-dessus obtenue et portée à une température de 700C. On maintient, dans l'enceinte métallique, une température supérieure à 1000C et une agitation mécanique à une vitesse de 105 rad/s. L'expansion de la mousse se produit pendant cette agitation mécanique. A 310 g de cette mousse bitumineuse, on ajoute 1 kg de squelette granulaire composé de 40% de granulat 0/2, de 20% de granulat 2/6 et de 40% de granulat 6/10 et préalablement chauffé à 1050C. L'enrobage a lieu par agitation fractionnée pendant 2 périodes de 2 min chacune au moyen d'un agitateur mécanique. L'enrobage obtenu est d'excellente qualité, sans agglomérat du squelette granulaire. Les granulats sont parfaitement dispersés dans la matrice bitumineuse. L'enrobé est comparable à un enrobé chaud obtenu dans l'état de la technique avec un bitume 35/50 ou 50/70.An aqueous phase is prepared by mixing water with a soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil. Phase mixing is carried out aqueous rapeseed oil finally containing 50.5% water, 44.5% oil, 5% soap obtained by saponification of rapeseed oil. The mixture thus obtained is emulsified using an Ultra-Turrax ® brand homogenizer whose rotational speed is set at 1675 rad / s for a period of 2 min. 300 g of 10/20 bitumen placed in a metal enclosure and heated to a temperature of 160 ° C., 60 g of the emulsion above obtained and brought to a temperature of 70 ° C. are added. metal enclosure, a temperature above 100 0 C and mechanical agitation at a speed of 105 rad / s. Foam expansion occurs during this mechanical agitation. To 310 g of this bituminous foam is added 1 kg of granular skeleton composed of 40% of 0/2 granulate, 20% of 2/6 granulate and 40% of 6/10 granulate and preheated to 105 ° C. The coating is carried out by fractional stirring for 2 periods of 2 min each by means of a mechanical stirrer. The coating obtained is of excellent quality, without agglomerate of the granular skeleton. The aggregates are perfectly dispersed in the bituminous matrix. The asphalt is comparable to a hot asphalt obtained in the state of the art with a 35/50 or 50/70 bitumen.
Pour obtenir une telle qualité d'enrobé avec une mousse bitumineuse préparée conformément à un procédé décrit dans l'état de la technique, la température aurait du être augmentée jusqu'à une valeur comprise entre 1600C et 1800C. Or, cette même qualité de mousse est obtenue, par un procédé selon l'invention à une température bien plus basse, de l'ordre de 1050C.To obtain such a quality of asphalt with a bituminous foam prepared according to a method described in the state of the art, the temperature should have been increased to a value between 160 ° C. and 180 ° C. The same foam quality is obtained by a process according to the invention at a much lower temperature, of the order of 105 ° C.
Les inventeurs ont, d'autre part, observé qu'une mousse bitumineuse selon l'invention peut être obtenue, par chauffage, à une température supérieure à 14O0C d'une mousse bitumineuse subséquemment refroidie, à la seule condition qu'une quantité suffisante de la phase aqueuse reste dispersée dans le mélange de la phase lipidique et de la composition bitumineuse. The inventors have, on the other hand, observed that a bituminous foam according to the invention can be obtained, by heating, at a temperature above 140 ° C. of a subsequently cooled bituminous foam, on the sole condition that a quantity of sufficient of the aqueous phase remains dispersed in the mixture of the lipid phase and the bituminous composition.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1/ Procédé de préparation d'une mousse bitumineuse comprenant les étapes suivantes : préparation d'une composition biphasique, dite composition hydrolipidique, comprenant :1 / A method for preparing a bituminous foam comprising the steps of: preparing a biphasic composition, said hydrolipid composition, comprising:
• une phase lipidique, comprenant au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des esters, dits esters gras aliphatiques, comprenant au moins une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8,A lipid phase, comprising at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of esters, called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8,
• une phase aqueuse, non miscible avec la phase lipidique, mélange sous pression atmosphérique de ladite composition hydrolipidique préalablement placée à une température Tl inférieure à 1000C, avec une composition bitumineuse préalablement placée à une température T2 supérieure à 140°C, en présence d'une composition, dite composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s), comprenant au moins un tensioactif, dit tensioactif moussant, apte à entraîner un moussage à l'air.An aqueous phase, immiscible with the lipid phase, mixing under atmospheric pressure of said hydrolipid composition previously placed at a temperature Tl of less than 100 ° C., with a bituminous composition previously placed at a temperature T2 greater than 140 ° C., in the presence a composition, said surfactant composition (s) foaming (s), comprising at least one surfactant, said foaming surfactant, capable of causing foaming in air.
2/ Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le rapport massique composition hydrolipidique/composition bitumineuse est inférieur à 50%, -notamment compris entre 10% et 20%-.2 / A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio hydrolipid composition / bituminous composition is less than 50%, in particular between 10% and 20% -.
3/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la phase aqueuse est choisie dans le groupe formé des solutions aqueuses et des solutions hydroalcooliques.3 / A method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the aqueous phase is selected from the group consisting of aqueous solutions and hydroalcoholic solutions.
4/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique présentant une température d'ébullition, à pression atmosphérique, supérieure à 1800C.4 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound having a boiling point, at atmospheric pressure, greater than 180 0 C.
5/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la composition hydrolipidique contient une proportion massique de phase lipidique comprise entre 20 % et 80 %, -notamment entre 25% et 60%-. 6/ Procédé selon l'une des revendication 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la composition hydrolipidique est une émulsion de la phase lipidique et de la phase aqueuse comprenant au moins un tensioactif.5 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hydrolipid composition contains a mass proportion of lipid phase of between 20% and 80%, especially between 25% and 60% -. 6 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hydrolipid composition is an emulsion of the lipid phase and the aqueous phase comprising at least one surfactant.
Il Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la composition hydrolipidique est une émulsion directe de la phase lipidique dans la phase aqueuse.Process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the hydrolipidic composition is a direct emulsion of the lipid phase in the aqueous phase.
8/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la composition hydrolipidique comprend une composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s). 9/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la composition hydrolipidique comprend une composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) dans la phase aqueuse.8 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hydrolipid composition comprises a surfactant composition (s) foaming (s). 9 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the hydrolipid composition comprises a surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) in the aqueous phase.
10/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la proportion massique de la composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) dans la composition hydrolipidique est : inférieure à 8 %, -notamment comprise entre 0,5% et 6%-, et apte à entraîner un moussage lors du mélange sous pression atmosphérique de la composition hydrolipidique et de la composition bitumineuse.10 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the mass proportion of the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) in the hydrolipid composition is less than 8%, especially between 0.5 % and 6% -, and capable of causing foaming during the mixing under atmospheric pressure of the hydrolipidic composition and the bituminous composition.
11/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) comprend au moins un tensioactif moussant présentant un coefficient HLB supérieur à 7, - notamment supérieur à 12-.11 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) comprises at least one foaming surfactant having a coefficient HLB greater than 7, in particular greater than 12-.
12/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) est obtenue par saponification d'au moins une huile d'origine végétale.12 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) is obtained by saponification of at least one oil of plant origin.
13/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) comprend une proportion massique d'au moins un oléate choisi dans le groupe des oléates alcalins,13 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) comprises a mass proportion of at least one oleate selected from the group of alkaline oleates,
-notamment l'oléate de sodium et l'oléate de potassium-, comprise entre 10% et 90%, -notamment proche de 50%-. 14/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la composition hydrolipidique comprend au moins un tensioactif présentant un coefficient HLB inférieur à 7, -notamment inférieur à 5-.especially sodium oleate and potassium oleate, between 10% and 90%, especially close to 50%. 14 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the hydrolipid composition comprises at least one surfactant having a coefficient HLB less than 7, in particular less than 5-.
15/ Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la composition hydrolipidique comprend au moins un tensioactif dans la phase lipidique.15 / A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the hydrolipid composition comprises at least one surfactant in the lipid phase.
16/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la composition de tensioactif(s) moussant(s) comprend un agent, dit agent co-tensioactif, choisi dans le groupe formé des alcanes linéaires hydroxylés ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone inférieur à 10.16 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the surfactant composition (s) foaming (s) comprises an agent, said co-surfactant agent, selected from the group consisting of hydroxy linear alkanes having a number of carbon atoms less than 10.
17/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications l à 16, caractérisé en ce que la phase lipidique comprend, au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des esters, dits esters gras aliphatiques, comprenant au moins une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8, la proportion massique dudit composé dans la phase lipidique étant supérieure à 5%, notamment supérieure à 50%.17 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the lipid phase comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of esters, so-called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8, the mass proportion of said compound in the lipid phase being greater than 5%, especially greater than 50%.
18/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce que la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe, dit groupe des glycérides, formé des composés présentant un poids moléculaire supérieur à 100 Da, et répondant à la formule générale CH2OR - CHOR2-CH2OR3, dans laquelle R1, R2 et R3 sont choisis dans le groupe composé de l'hydrogène et des groupements acyles comprenant plus de 8 atomes de carbone, - notamment entre 10 et 22 atomes de carbone-.18 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the lipid phase comprises at least one compound selected from the group called glyceride group formed compounds having a molecular weight greater than 100 Da, and responding to the general formula CH 2 OR-CHOR 2 -CH 2 OR 3 , in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and acyl groups comprising more than 8 carbon atoms, in particular between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
19/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé lipidique extrait d'un végétal choisi dans le groupe formé des palmiers à huile, -notamment de Elaeis guineensis-, des cocotiers, -notamment de Cocos nucifera-, des avocatiers, -notamment de Persea americana-, du ricin commun, -notamment de Ricinus communis-, de l'olivier, -notamment de Olea europea-, du colza, -notamment de Brassica napus-, de l'arachide, -notamment de Arachis hypogaea-, du cacaoyer, -notamment Theobroma cacao-, du tournesol, -notamment Helianthus annuus-, du riz, -notamment Oryza sativa-, du sésame, -notamment Sesamum indicum-, de la cameline, -notamment Camelina sativa-, de la moutarde, -notamment Sinapis alba-, de la coriandre, -notamment Coήandrum saiivum-, de la citrouille, -notamment Cucurbita pepo-, de l'euphorbe, -notamment Euphorbia species-, du noisetier, -notamment Corylus species-, du lin, -notamment Linum species-, du caféier, -notamment Coffea arabica-, du soja, -notamment Glycine max-, du chanvre, -notamment Canabis sativa-, du coton, -notamment Gossypium species-, des soucis, -notamment Calendula species-, de l'hibiscus, -notamment Hibiscus species-, de l'hévéa, -notamment Hevea brasiliensis-, du palmier, -notamment Erythea Salvador ensis-, de l'avoine, -notamment A vena sativa-, de l'anacardier, -notamment Anacardium occidentale-, du maïs, -notamment Zea mays-, et de Jatrapha curcas.19 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the lipid phase comprises at least one lipid compound extracted from a plant selected from the group consisting of oil palms, in particular Elaeis guineensis- coconut palms especially of Cocos nucifera, avocados, in particular Persea americana, common castor oil, especially Ricinus communis, olive tree, especially Olea europeae, rapeseed, especially Brassica napus. , peanut, in particular Arachis hypogaea, cocoa, - notably Theobroma cacao, sunflower, especially Helianthus annuus, rice, especially Oryza sativa-, sesame, especially Sesamum indicum, camelina, in particular Camelina sativa-, mustard, especially Sinapis alba-, coriander, especially Coήandrum saiivum, pumpkin, especially Cucurbita pepo-, euphorbia, especially Euphorbia species, hazel, especially Corylus species, flax, especially Linum species - Coffee, especially Coffea arabica, Soybean, especially Glycine max, hemp, especially Canabis sativa, cotton, especially Gossypium species, marigolds, in particular Calendula species, hibiscus, especially Hibiscus species, hevea, especially Hevea brasiliensis, palm, especially Erythea Salvador ensis, oats, especially A vena sativa, cashew, especially Western anacardium. - corn, especially Zea mays, and Jatrapha curcas.
20/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce que la phase lipidique comprend au moins un composé lipidique choisi dans le groupe formé des huiles d'origine végétale.20 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the lipid phase comprises at least one lipid compound selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils.
21/ Mousse bitumineuse susceptible d'être obtenue par un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 20, comprenant une phase aqueuse discontinue, au moins partiellement sous forme vapeur, dispersée dans un mélange comprenant une composition bitumineuse, en présence d'au moins un tensioactif moussant, caractérisée en ce que ledit mélange comprend en outre au moins un composé, dit composé lipidique, choisi dans le groupe formé des esters, dits esters gras aliphatiques, comprenant au moins une chaîne aliphatique ayant un nombre de d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8.21 / A bituminous foam obtainable by a process according to one of claims 1 to 20, comprising a discontinuous aqueous phase, at least partially in vapor form, dispersed in a mixture comprising a bituminous composition, in the presence of at least a foaming surfactant, characterized in that said mixture further comprises at least one compound, said lipid compound, selected from the group consisting of esters, so-called aliphatic fatty esters, comprising at least one aliphatic chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8.
22/ Utilisation d'une mousse bitumineuse selon la revendication 21, pour l'obtention d'un enrobé bitumineux. 22 / Use of a bituminous foam according to claim 21, for obtaining an asphalt mix.
PCT/FR2008/001426 2007-10-10 2008-10-10 Method for preparing a bituminous foam, bituminous foam, and use of said bituminous foam WO2009087289A1 (en)

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FR07.07102 2007-10-10

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2077238A1 (en) * 1970-01-20 1971-10-22 Mobil Oil Corp
US5494502A (en) * 1994-10-03 1996-02-27 The Chemmark Corporation Asphalt release agent
FR2862653A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-05-27 France Etat Ponts Chaussees Production of bitumen mousse comprises mixing inverse bitumen emulsion and bitumen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2077238A1 (en) * 1970-01-20 1971-10-22 Mobil Oil Corp
US5494502A (en) * 1994-10-03 1996-02-27 The Chemmark Corporation Asphalt release agent
FR2862653A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-05-27 France Etat Ponts Chaussees Production of bitumen mousse comprises mixing inverse bitumen emulsion and bitumen

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