WO2009072638A1 - Composite polarizing plate roll, composite polarizing plate set and liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Composite polarizing plate roll, composite polarizing plate set and liquid crystal display Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009072638A1
WO2009072638A1 PCT/JP2008/072212 JP2008072212W WO2009072638A1 WO 2009072638 A1 WO2009072638 A1 WO 2009072638A1 JP 2008072212 W JP2008072212 W JP 2008072212W WO 2009072638 A1 WO2009072638 A1 WO 2009072638A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polarizing plate
film
liquid crystal
retardation
composite polarizing
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2008/072212
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yuichiro Kunai
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Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited
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Filing date
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Application filed by Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited filed Critical Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited
Publication of WO2009072638A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009072638A1/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/281Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for attenuating light intensity, e.g. comprising rotatable polarising elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3016Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528Polarisers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133742Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/28Adhesive materials or arrangements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/40Materials having a particular birefringence, retardation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2413/00Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/02Number of plates being 2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite polarizing plate roll, a composite polarizing plate set, and a liquid crystal display device.
  • One of such liquid crystal display devices is a vertical alignment (VA) mode liquid crystal display device in which rod-like liquid crystal molecules having positive or negative dielectric anisotropy are aligned perpendicularly to a substrate.
  • VA vertical alignment
  • the liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to the substrate, light passes through the liquid crystal layer without any change in polarization.
  • linearly polarizing plates on the top and bottom of the liquid crystal panel so that the absorption axes are orthogonal to each other, almost complete black display can be obtained when viewed from the front, and a high contrast ratio can be obtained. Can do.
  • the axial angle of the disposed polarizing plate deviates from 90 ° when viewed obliquely.
  • viewing angle characteristics including the contrast ratio and color change in strabismus.
  • a biaxial retardation plate is provided between the liquid crystal cell and the upper and lower polarizing plates.
  • Patent Document 1 in a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device, an a plate (that is, a positive uniaxial phase) is disposed between upper and lower polarizing plates and a liquid crystal cell. And a c-plate (ie, a complete biaxial retardation plate) are described.
  • a positive uniaxial retardation plate is a film with an Nz coefficient of approximately 1.0, and a complete biaxial retardation plate has an in-plane retardation value R. Is almost zero film.
  • n X is the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film
  • ny is the refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film
  • nz is the refractive index in the film thickness direction
  • d is the film thickness.
  • the thickness direction retardation value Rth and the Nz coefficient are defined by the following equations (1) to (3), respectively.
  • Nz coefficient (nx-nz) / (nx-ny) (3)
  • the Nz coefficient is 1.0. Even for a uniaxial film, the Nz coefficient may vary between about 0.80 and 1.50 depending on the stretching conditions.
  • a completely biaxial film is different (small) only in the refractive index in the thickness direction, so it is also called a film having negative uniaxiality and an optical axis in the normal direction. As it is, it is sometimes called c-plate.
  • the uniaxial retardation film for example, a resin film stretched by, for example, free end longitudinal uniaxial stretching or fixed end lateral uniaxial stretching is generally used. Fixed end In the case of transverse uniaxial stretching, it often has a slight biaxiality of about 1.10 ⁇ Nz coefficient ⁇ 1.50. Although a retardation film having such an Nz coefficient is uniaxial, it may not be completely uniaxial.
  • the completely uniaxial retardation film referred to here refers to a film in the range of 0.90 ⁇ Nz coefficient ⁇ l.10.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a composite polarizing plate capable of improving viewing angle characteristics in a liquid crystal display device (particularly, a VA mode liquid crystal display device). And a liquid crystal display device using the same. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present inventor has found that a uniaxial retardation film is combined with a uniaxial retardation film and a complete biaxial retardation film.
  • the present inventors have found that a liquid crystal display device with better viewing angle characteristics can be obtained by making the optical characteristics completely uniaxial, leading to the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
  • the present invention has a structure in which a long roll of a first retardation plate is laminated on a long mouthpiece of a polarizing plate whose absorption axis direction is arranged in the longitudinal direction and the first retardation plate
  • the slow axis direction of the polarizing plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate are arranged so as to intersect at an angle of 80 to 100 °, and the first retardation plate
  • the in-plane retardation value R is obtained by stretching the oil.
  • the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film is nx
  • the refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film is ny
  • the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film Nz coefficient defined by the following equation is in the range of 0.90 to 1.10, where is nz.
  • the first retardation plate in the composite polarizing plate roll of the present invention is preferably a film obtained by uniaxially stretching a propylene resin at a fixed end.
  • the present invention is also a set of a first composite polarizing plate and a second composite polarizing plate used in a liquid crystal display device, the first composite polarizing plate comprising: a polarizing plate; a first retardation plate; The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is laminated in this order.
  • the first retardation plate is a retardation film obtained by stretching a propylene resin, and has an in-plane retardation value R.
  • the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film is nx
  • the refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film is ny
  • the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film When the ratio is nz, the Nz coefficient defined by the following formula is in the range of 0.90 to 1.10, and the slow axis direction and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate are 80 to 1
  • the second composite polarizing plate is arranged so as to intersect at an angle of 0 °, and has a structure in which a polarizing plate, a second retardation plate, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are laminated in this order,
  • the second retardation plate includes an organically modified clay composite and a binder resin, and has an in-plane retardation value R. Is provided in the range of 0 to 30 nm, and the thickness of the thickness direction retardation Rth is in the range of 30 to 30 nm.
  • Nz coefficient (n x— n z) /, n x— n y)
  • the first retardation plate in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention is preferably a film obtained by laterally uniaxially stretching a propylene-based resin.
  • the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention is preferably used for a VA mode liquid crystal display device.
  • the present invention is also a liquid crystal display device comprising the above-described composite polarizing plate set of the present invention and a liquid crystal cell, wherein the first composite polarizing plate is disposed on one side of the liquid crystal cell via its pressure sensitive 14 adhesive layer.
  • a liquid crystal display device is also provided in which a second composite polarizing plate is bonded to the other side of the liquid crystal cell via its pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a first example of the first composite polarizing plate 1 used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention with each layer being separated.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing another example of the first composite polarizing plate 11 of another preferred example used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention in a state where the layers are separated from each other.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a second example of the second composite polarizing plate 21 used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention in a state where the layers are separated from each other.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a second composite polarizing plate 31 of another preferred example used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention, with each layer being separated.
  • Fig. 5 Fig. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a liquid crystal display device manufactured using the set of composite polarizing plates of the present invention. It is a top view shown in a state.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the Nz coefficient of the first retardation plate and the contrast viewing angle of the liquid crystal display devices obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
  • a first composite polarizing plate is disposed on one side of a liquid crystal cell, and a second composite polarizing plate is disposed on the other side.
  • This is provided as a combination of a plate and a second composite polarizing plate.
  • the first composite polarizing plate and the second composite polarizing plate in the present invention are each composed of a polarizing plate, a retardation plate (first retardation plate or second retardation plate), and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in this order. It has a laminated structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a first example of the first composite polarizing plate 1 used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention, with each layer being separated
  • FIG. 2 is a composite of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a first composite polarizing plate 11 of another preferred example used for a polarizing plate set in a state where layers are separated from each other.
  • the first composite polarizing plates 1 and 11 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have the same structure except that the configurations of the polarizing plates 2 and 12 are partially different.
  • a phase difference plate 3 and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 4 are laminated.
  • the first retardation plate 3 used in the present invention is a retardation film formed by stretching propylene resin, and has an in-plane retardation value R0 in the range of 90 to 200 nm.
  • the first retardation plate 3 used in the present invention is a complete uniaxial retardation film (as described above, a uniaxial film in the range of 0.9 0 ⁇ Nz coefficient ⁇ l. 10).
  • the stretching methods include fixed-end uniaxial stretching and free-end uniaxial. Stretching can be applied.
  • a stretching method called longitudinal stretching in which the film is stretched in the longitudinal direction (flow direction) is used.
  • the slow axis direction of the retardation film obtained by such a method is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the film.
  • the polarizing plate is usually obtained by stretching a long roll of a film made of poly (bull alcohol) resin uniaxially at the free end, and the absorption axis direction is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction.
  • the slow axis direction of the retardation film and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate are orthogonal to each other, at least one of the long rolls is cut into a sheet shape with a certain size, After rotating the direction 90 degrees, it becomes necessary to stick each other to the other film.
  • the slow axis direction is a direction (width direction) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the long roll.
  • a long roll of film and a long roll of polarizing plate can be continuously bonded with a roll-to-roll.
  • normal amorphous When a resin film is stretched laterally uniaxially at a fixed end, it is difficult to obtain a completely uniaxial retardation film, and the ⁇ 2 coefficient> 1.10 is often obtained.
  • the present invention even when the fixed-end lateral uniaxial stretching is performed, by using a propylene resin that can obtain completely uniaxial characteristics by stretching at a high rate of a certain degree or more, it is possible to obtain completely uniaxial.
  • the first retardation plate 3 that is a retardation film is used.
  • the high magnification above a certain level is usually 2 times or more, preferably 3 times or more, and more preferably 3.5 times or more.
  • the upper limit of the draw ratio is not particularly limited, but if the film is stretched too much, the film is broken, and therefore, the film is usually stretched at 10 times or less, preferably 8 times or less, more preferably 6 times or less.
  • the long roll of retardation film obtained by uniaxial stretching is bonded to the long roll of a polarizing plate with a roll-to-roll so that the first composite polarizing plate used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention can be efficiently used. It can be manufactured easily and well. In this sense, it is useful to use a film made of propylene resin as the retardation film as in the present invention.
  • the propylene resin used for the first retardation plate of the first composite polarizing plate in the present invention is a resin mainly composed of propylene units, and is generally crystalline, in addition to a propylene homopolymer, It may be a copolymer of propylene and a comonomer copolymerizable therewith.
  • Examples of the comonomer copolymerized with propylene include ethylene and ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms (C4 to C20).
  • Specific examples of ⁇ -olefins having 4 to 20 carbon atoms include 1-butene, 2_methyl-1-propene (above C4); 1-pentene, 2_methyl-1-1-butene, 3_methyl 1-butene (above C 5); 1-hexene, 2_ethyl 1-butene, 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene, 2_methyl-1-pentene, 3-methinole 1-pentene, 4- Methyl-1-pentene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene (above C 6); 1-heptene, 2— Methinole 1-hexene, 2,3-Dimethyl-1-pentene, 2-Ethenole 1-pentene, 2_Methyl 1-3-Ethyl 1-butene (above C7); 1-Oc
  • ⁇ -olefins having 4 to 12 carbon atoms are preferable, specifically 1-butene, 2-methyl _ 1 _propene; 1-pentene,
  • the copolymer may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer.
  • Preferred copolymers include propylene monoethylene copolymer and propylene mono Mention may be made of butene copolymers.
  • the ethylene unit content and 1-butene unit content in propylene-ethylene-ethylene copolymer and propylene- 1-butene copolymer are, for example, “Polymer Analysis Handbook” (published at Kinokuniya, 1959) Infrared (IR) spectrum measurement can be performed by the method described on page 6 16 of).
  • a random copolymer with any unsaturated hydrocarbon mainly composed of propylene is preferable.
  • a copolymer with ethylene is preferred.
  • the unsaturated hydrocarbon other than propylene is advantageously 1 to 10% by weight of the copolymerization ratio, more preferably 3 to weight. / 0 .
  • the unit of unsaturated hydrocarbons other than propylene 1% by weight or more, there is a tendency to improve the processability and transparency.
  • the ratio exceeds 10% by weight, the melting point of the resin tends to decrease and the heat resistance tends to deteriorate, which is not preferable.
  • the total content of units derived from all comonomers contained in the obtained copolymer is preferably within the above-mentioned range.
  • the propylene resin can be produced by a method of homopolymerizing propylene, a method of copolymerizing propylene and another copolymerizable comonomer, or the like.
  • Ti i Mg titanium-magnesium
  • a catalyst system in which an organic aluminum compound and, if necessary, a third component such as an electron-donating compound are combined,
  • a known polymerization catalyst such as a metallocene catalyst can be suitably used.
  • a metallocene catalyst can be suitably used.
  • the combination of an organic aluminum compound and an electron donating compound with a solid catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium and halogen as essential components is most commonly used.
  • organoaluminum compounds Preferably, the product includes triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, a mixture of triethylaluminum and jetylaluminum chloride, tetraethyldialumoxane, and the like, and the electron donating compound is preferably cyclohexylethyldimethoxysilane, tert_butylpropyldimethyoxysilane, tert-butylethyldimethyoxysilane, dicyclopentyldimethyoxysilane, and the like.
  • examples of solid catalyst components containing magnesium, titanium and halogen as essential components are described in, for example, JP-A-61-218606, JP-A-61-287904, JP-A-7-216017 and the like.
  • examples of the metallocene catalyst include the catalyst systems described in Japanese Patent No. 2587251, Japanese Patent No. 262 7669, Japanese Patent No. 2668732, and the like.
  • Propylene resin is a solution polymerization method that uses an inert solvent such as hexane, heptane, octane, decane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, and other inert solvents such as hydrocarbon compounds. It can be produced by a bulk polymerization method using a liquid monomer as a solvent, a gas phase polymerization method in which a gaseous monomer is polymerized as it is, and the like. Polymerization by these methods may be performed batchwise or continuously.
  • an inert solvent such as hexane, heptane, octane, decane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, and other inert solvents such as hydrocarbon compounds. It can be produced by a bulk polymerization method using a liquid monomer as
  • the stereoregularity of the propylene resin may be any of isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic.
  • syndiotactic or isotactic propylene resin is preferably used from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
  • the propylene resin used in the present invention has a melt flow rate (MFR) force measured at a temperature of 230 ° C and a load of 21.18 N in accordance with JISK 7210 ⁇ 0. I ⁇ 200 g / 10 min, especially 0 It is preferably in the range of 5-50 g / 10 min.
  • MFR melt flow rate
  • Propylene resin is blended with known additives as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It may be.
  • the additive include an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, an antistatic agent, a lubricant, a nucleating agent, an antifogging agent, and an antiblocking agent.
  • Antioxidants include, for example, phenolic antioxidants, phosphorus antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, hindered amine light stabilizers, etc. In addition, phenolic antioxidant mechanisms and phosphorous are included in one molecule. It is also possible to use a composite type antioxidant having a unit having an antioxidant mechanism of the system.
  • the UV absorber include UV absorbers such as 2-hydroxybenzophenone-based and hydroxyphenenolebenzotriazole-based, and benzoate-based UV blockers.
  • the antistatic agent may be any of a polymer type, an oligomer type, and a monomer type.
  • Examples of the lubricant include higher fatty acid amides such as ergic acid amide oleate, higher fatty acids such as stearic acid, and salts thereof.
  • Examples of the nucleating agent include: a sorbitol nucleating agent, an organic phosphate nucleating agent, and a polymer nucleating agent such as polyvinyl alcohol alkane.
  • As an anti-procking agent spherical or nearly fine particles can be used regardless of whether they are inorganic or organic. A plurality of these additives may be used in combination.
  • the above-described propylene resin is formed into a film and used as a raw material for a retardation film.
  • a resin film can be obtained.
  • Propylene resin is melt-kneaded by rotation of the screw in the extruder and extruded from the T die into a sheet.
  • the temperature of the extruded molten sheet is 180 to 300 ° C. If the temperature of the molten sheet at this time is less than 180 ° C., the spreadability is not sufficient, the thickness of the resulting film becomes non-uniform, and there is a possibility that the film has uneven retardation. When the temperature exceeds 300 ° C., the resin is easily deteriorated or decomposed, and bubbles may be formed in the sheet or carbides may be contained.
  • the extruder may be a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder.
  • the LZD which is the ratio of the length L and the diameter D of the screw
  • the compression ratio which is the ratio to the space volume (the former and the latter)
  • a barrier type screw with LZD of 28-36 and compression ratio of 2.5-3.5 is preferred.
  • the inside of the extruder is preferably a nitrogen atmosphere or a vacuum.
  • an orifice with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm is provided at the tip of the extruder to remove the volatile gas generated by the deterioration or decomposition of the propylene resin, thereby increasing the resin pressure at the tip of the extruder.
  • Increasing the resin pressure at the tip of the orifice extruder means increasing the back pressure at the tip, which can improve the stability of extrusion.
  • the diameter of the orifice used is more preferably 2 to 4 mm in diameter.
  • the T-die used for extrusion is preferably one that does not have minute steps or scratches on the surface of the resin flow path, and its lip portion is plated with a material having a low coefficient of friction with the molten propylene resin.
  • a sharp edge shape that is coated and further polished to a lip tip of 0.3 mm or less in diameter is preferable.
  • materials with a small friction coefficient include tungsten carbide-based and fluorine-based special plating.
  • the flow of molten propylene resin inside the T-die can be adjusted, and the lip can be extruded while suppressing thickness unevenness.
  • a protective film with excellent accuracy and more uniform retardation can be obtained.
  • the molten sheet extruded from the T-die is sandwiched between a metal cooling roll (also referred to as a chill roll or a casting roll) and a touch roll including an elastic body that rotates by pressing in the circumferential direction of the metal cooling roll.
  • a metal cooling roll also referred to as a chill roll or a casting roll
  • a touch roll including an elastic body that rotates by pressing in the circumferential direction of the metal cooling roll.
  • the touch roll may be an elastic body such as rubber, or the surface of the elastic roll covered with an outer cylinder made of a metal sleeve.
  • the molten roll of propylene resin is directly sandwiched between the metal cooling roll and the touch roll for cooling.
  • the surface is an elastic body.
  • a biaxially stretched film of a thermoplastic resin may be interposed between the molten sheet of propylene resin and the touch roll, and may be sandwiched.
  • both the cooling roll and the touch roll have their surface temperatures lowered, and the molten sheet is rapidly cooled. I need to do it.
  • the surface temperature of both rolls is adjusted to a range of 0 to 30 ° C. When these surface temperatures exceed 30 ° C, it takes time to cool and solidify the molten sheet, so the crystal component in the propylene resin grows, and the resulting film is inferior in transparency. There is a fear.
  • the surface temperature of the roll is less than 0 ° C, the surface of the metal cooling roll will dew and water droplets will adhere to it, which tends to deteriorate the appearance of the film.
  • the surface state of the metal cooling roll used is transferred to the surface of the propylene resin film, if the surface is uneven, the thickness accuracy of the resulting propylene resin film may be reduced. Therefore, it is preferable that the surface of the metal cooling roll be in a mirror surface state as much as possible.
  • the roughness of the surface of the metal cooling roll is preferably 0.3 S or less in terms of the standard sequence of maximum height, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.2 S. Is more preferable.
  • the touch roll that forms the nip part with the metal cooling roll has a surface hardness of 65-5 as the value measured by the spring-type hardness test (A type) specified in JISK 6300. 80 is preferable, and 70 to 80 is more preferable.
  • the pressure (linear pressure) when sandwiching the molten sheet is determined by the pressure with which the touch roll is pressed against the metal cooling roll.
  • the linear pressure is preferably 50 to 30 O NZ cm, more preferably 100 to 25 ON / cm.
  • the thermoplastic resin constituting the biaxially stretched film is composed of a propylene resin and Any resin that does not strongly heat-seal can be used. Specific examples include polyester, polyamide, polychlorinated butyl, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and polyatalonitrile. it can. Of these, polyesters that undergo little dimensional change due to humidity, heat, etc. are most preferred. In this case, the thickness of the biaxially stretched film is usually about 5 to 50 zm, preferably 10 to 3 O / zm.
  • the distance from the lip of the T die to the pressure between the metal cooling roll and the touch roll is preferably 20 O mm or less, and more preferably 16 O mm or less. Is more preferable.
  • the molten sheet extruded from the T-die is stretched from the lip to the roll, and orientation tends to occur. By shortening the air gap as described above, a film having a smaller orientation can be obtained.
  • the lower limit of the air gap is determined by the diameter of the metal cooling roll used and the diameter of the touch roll, and the tip shape of the lip used, and is usually 5 O mm or more.
  • the processing speed when producing a propylene resin film by this method is determined by the time required to cool and solidify the molten sheet.
  • the diameter of the metal cooling port used is increased, the distance at which the molten sheet is in contact with the cooling roll becomes longer, so that production at a higher speed becomes possible.
  • the processing speed is about 5 to 2 OmZ at maximum.
  • the molten sheet sandwiched between the metal cooling roll and the touch roll is cooled and solidified by contact with the roll. Then, after slitting the edge as necessary, it is scraped off by a scraper to form a film.
  • the film in order to protect the surface until the film is used, it may be wound in a state where a surface protective film made of another thermoplastic resin is bonded to one side or both sides.
  • a surface protective film made of another thermoplastic resin is bonded to one side or both sides.
  • Propylene resin melt When the sheet is sandwiched between a metallic cooling roll and a touch roll together with a biaxially stretched film made of a thermoplastic resin, the biaxially stretched film can be used as one surface protective film.
  • the first retardation plate used in the first composite polarizing plate of the present invention has an in-plane retardation value R. Is in the range of 90-200 nm. In-plane retardation value R of the first retardation plate. If the value is out of this range, the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device on which it is mounted will deteriorate.
  • the in-plane retardation value R of the first retardation plate in the present invention Indicates a value measured using an automatic birefringence measuring device KOBRA-21 ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
  • This automatic birefringence measuring device KOBRA-21 ADH has in-plane retardation value R0, thickness direction retardation value Rth, Nz coefficient, in-plane slow axis direction refractive index nx, in-plane phase advance axis direction
  • the refractive index ny and the refractive index nz in the thickness direction can be measured and displayed simultaneously.
  • the first retardation plate used in the first composite polarizing plate according to the present invention has a refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film nx, a refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film ny,
  • the Nz coefficient defined by the following formula is in the range of 0.90 to 1.10, where nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film.
  • Nz member (nx— nz / ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ — n y)
  • the first retardation plate used in the present invention aims to be completely uniaxial as described above, its Nz coefficient is set within the range of 0.90 to 1.10. It is difficult to produce a film whose Nz coefficient is less than 0.90 by stretching. On the other hand, when the Nz coefficient exceeds 1.10, the contrast viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device on which the Nz coefficient is mounted decreases.
  • the refractive index nx in the in-plane slow axis direction, the refractive index ny in the in-plane fast axis direction, the refractive index nz in the thickness direction, and the Nz coefficient of the film of the first retardation plate in the present invention are as described above. For example, the value measured using an automatic birefringence measuring device KOBRA-21 ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
  • the polarizing plate used for the first composite polarizing plate in the present invention can be one generally used in the art, such as polyvinyl alcohol resin. It consists of a resin film such as triacetyl cellulose resin, cyclic cycloolefin resin, and linear cycloolefin resin on both sides or one side of a linear polarizing film in which dichroic dye (iodine, dichroic organic dye, etc.) is adsorbed and oriented to fat.
  • a structure in which a protective layer is laminated is generally used.
  • FIG. 1 shows the case where a polarizing plate 2 having protective layers 6 and 7 provided on both sides of the linear polarizing film 5 is used.
  • FIG. 2 shows one side of the linear polarizing film 5
  • a case is shown in which a polarizing plate 12 having a protective layer 6 provided on the surface opposite to the side on which the one phase difference plate 3 is laminated is used.
  • the first retardation plate is disposed so that the slow axis direction of the first retardation plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate intersect at an angle of 80 to 100 °.
  • a phase difference plate and a polarizing plate are laminated. If the angle formed by the slow axis direction of the first retardation plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate is out of this range, the liquid crystal display device on which the first retardation plate is placed will leak light during black display, reducing the contrast ratio. Further, color unevenness is likely to occur.
  • the angle formed by the slow axis direction of the first retardation plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate must be within the range of 85 to 95 °. It is more preferable that it is within the range of 89 ° to 91 °.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive (adhesive) layer 4 formed on the side opposite to the side adjacent to the polarizing plates 2 and 1 2 of the first retardation plate 3 in the first composite polarizing plates 1 and 1 1 has been conventionally used. It can be formed using various pressure-sensitive adhesives that have been used for liquid crystal display devices, such as pressure-sensitive adhesives such as acrylic, rubber, urethane, silicone, and polybutyl ether. Adhesives based on acrylic resin having excellent weather resistance and heat resistance as a base polymer are suitable.
  • the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is not particularly limited, but (meth) butyl acrylate, (meth) ethyl acrylate, (meth) isooctyl acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid 2_ethylhexyl, etc.
  • a (meth) acrylic acid ester-based polymer or a copolymer base polymer using two or more of these (meth) acrylic acid esters is preferably used.
  • polar monomers are copolymerized in these base polymers.
  • polar monomers examples include (meth) alk Rylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid 2-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid hydrated mouth chechtil, (meth) acrylic amide, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, glycidyl (meth) atari
  • monomers having a functional group such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an amino group, and an epoxy group.
  • the cross-linking agent is a divalent or polyvalent metal salt that forms a strong rubonic acid metal salt with a carboxyl group, or a polyamine compound that forms an amide bond with a carboxyl group.
  • a polyepoxy compound or a polyol compound, which forms an ester bond with a carboxyl group, a polyisocyanate compound, which forms an amide bond with a carboxyl group Etc. are exemplified.
  • polyisocyanate compounds are widely used as organic crosslinking agents.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition can be used to adjust the pressure-sensitive adhesive's adhesive strength, cohesive strength, viscosity, elastic modulus, glass transition temperature, etc.
  • appropriate additives such as natural and synthetic resins, tackifier resins, antioxidants, UV absorbers, dyes, pigments, antifoaming agents, corrosion inhibitors, photopolymerization initiators, etc. You can also. Further, fine particles can be contained to form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer exhibiting light scattering properties.
  • the thickness of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ , and more preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ . If the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is too thin, the tackiness is reduced, and if it is too thick, problems such as the pressure-sensitive adhesive sticking out easily occur.
  • the method for forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the first retardation plate 3 is not particularly limited, and the surface on which the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the first retardation plate 3 is to be formed is described above. After applying a solution containing each component including the base polymer and drying to form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, it may be obtained by laminating a separator that has been subjected to a release treatment such as silicone, After forming the pressure sensitive adhesive layer on the separator, the first phase It may be transferred to the difference plate 3 and laminated. In addition, when forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the polarizing film, if necessary, at least one of the first retardation plate and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be subjected to an adhesion treatment, such as a corona treatment. . The surface of the formed pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is usually protected by a separator film that has been subjected to a release treatment, and the separator film is composed of a liquid crystal cell as described later. It is peeled off before pasting. '
  • an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, or a cyan resin may be used for bonding the polarizing film and the protective layer, or for bonding the polarizing film or protective layer and the first retardation plate.
  • Adhesives composed of acrylate resin, acrylic acid resin and the like can be used.
  • a preferable adhesive is an aqueous adhesive, that is, an adhesive component dissolved in water or dispersed in water.
  • Another preferable adhesive is a solventless adhesive, specifically, an adhesive layer that is formed by reaction-curing a monomer or oligomer by heating or irradiation with active energy rays. Can do.
  • the adhesive component that can be a water-based adhesive examples include water-soluble cross-linkable epoxy resins and urethane resins.
  • water-soluble crosslinkable epoxy resin for example, polyalkylene polyamine obtained by reaction of polyalkylene polyamine such as diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine and dicarboxylic acid such as adipic acid is allowed to react with epichlorohydrin. Mention may be made of the polyamide epoxy resin obtained.
  • Specific examples of such commercially available polyamide epoxy resins include Sumire's Resin 650 (manufactured by Sumika Chemtex Co., Ltd.), Sumire's Resin 675 (manufactured by Sumika Chemtex Co., Ltd.), and the like. Can be mentioned.
  • polyvinyl alcohol resins include partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol, fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol, and carboxyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol. It may be a modified polyvinyl alcohol-based resin such as alcohol, acetoacetyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, methylol-group-modified polyvinyl alcohol, or amino-group-modified polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a saponified product of a copolymer of butyl acetate and unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, that is, carboxyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol is preferably used.
  • carboxyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol is preferably used.
  • carboxyl group is a concept including one COOH and its salt.
  • Specific examples of commercially available products of carboxyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol include Kuraray Poval KL 156 (Kuraray Co., Ltd.), Kuraray Poval KL-3 1 8 (Kuraray Co., Ltd.), Kuraray Poval KL -1 1 8 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), GOHSENAL T-3 30 (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), GOHSENAL T 1 350 (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), DR-0-4 1 5 (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), AF—17 (manufactured by Nippon Vinegar Poval Co., Ltd.), AT—17 (manufactured by Nippon Vinegar Pover Co., Ltd.), AP—17 (Japan) Vinegar and Poval Co., Ltd.).
  • an adhesive solution is prepared by dissolving the epoxy resin and other water-soluble resin such as polybulal alcohol resin added as necessary in water.
  • the water-soluble epoxy resin preferably has a concentration in the range of 0.2 to 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water.
  • the amount is preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water.
  • suitable urethane resins include ionomer type urethane resins, particularly polyester ionomer type urethane resins.
  • the ionomer type is obtained by introducing a small amount of an ionic component (hydrophilic component) into the urethane resin constituting the skeleton.
  • the polyester ionomer type urethane resin is a urethane resin having a polyester skeleton, into which a small amount of an ionic component (hydrophilic component) is introduced.
  • the strong ionomer-type urethane resin is emulsified directly in water without using an emulsifier and becomes emulsion, so it is suitable as an aqueous adhesive.
  • Poly Specific examples of commercially available ester ionomer-type urethane resins include Hydran AP—20 (produced by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd.) and Hydran APX—10 1 H (Dainippon). Ink Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
  • Isocyanate crosslinkers are compounds that have at least two isocyanato groups (one NCO) in the molecule. Examples include 2, 4_tolylene diisocyanate, phenol diisocyanate, 4, 4 '— In addition to polyisocyanate monomers such as diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate, multiple molecules of these are polyvalent such as trimethylolpropane.
  • polyisocyanate modifieds such as burettes formed by carbonationSpecific examples of commercially available isocyanate cross-linking agents include Hydran Assist C-1 (Dai Nippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd.).
  • the concentration of the urethane resin is 10 to 70 weight 0 / from the viewpoint of viscosity and adhesiveness. And even 20 to 50 weight. Those dispersed in water so as to be / 0 are preferable.
  • the blending amount may be appropriately selected so that the isocyanate cross-linking agent is 5 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the urethane resin.
  • the aqueous adhesive as described above can be applied to at least one of the protective layer, the first retardation plate, and the polarizing film, and bonded together to form a polarizing plate.
  • the method of bonding the polarizing film and the protective layer is not particularly limited.
  • an adhesive is uniformly applied to the surface of the polybulal alcohol polarizing film or the protective layer, and the other film is overlaid on the coated surface.
  • Pasting with rolls and drying. And so on. Drying is performed at a temperature of about 60 to 100 ° C., for example. After drying, from the viewpoint of further increasing the adhesive strength, it is preferable to cure for about 1 to 10 days at a temperature slightly higher than room temperature, for example, about 30 to 50 ° C.
  • the solventless type adhesive refers to an adhesive that does not contain a significant amount of solvent, and is generally a curable compound that polymerizes by heating or irradiation of active energy rays, and polymerization initiation. It is comprised including an agent.
  • an epoxy compound containing no aromatic ring in the molecule is suitably used as the curable compound.
  • the adhesive using an epoxy compound that does not contain an aromatic ring in the molecule include those described in the publication of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-045.
  • examples of such epoxy compounds that do not contain an aromatic ring include hydrides of aromatic epoxy compounds, alicyclic epoxy compounds, and aliphatic epoxy compounds.
  • the curable epoxy compound used for the adhesive usually has two or more epoxy groups in the molecule.
  • a hydride of an aromatic epoxy compound can be obtained by selectively hydrogenating an aromatic epoxy compound to an aromatic ring under pressure in the presence of a catalyst.
  • aromatic epoxy compounds include bisphenol type epoxy compounds such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, and bisphenol S diglycidyl ether; phenol novolac epoxy resins and cresols.
  • Novolac epoxy resin novolac epoxy resin such as hydroxybenzaldehyde phenol novolac epoxy resin; polyfunctional type such as tetrahydroxydiphenyl methane glycidyl ether, tetrahydroxybenzophenone glycidyl ether, epoxidized polyvinyl phenol
  • examples include epoxy compounds. Among these hydrides of aromatic epoxy compounds, hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether is preferred.
  • the alicyclic epoxy compound is an epoxy bonded to an alicyclic ring as shown in the following formula. This refers to a compound having at least one Si group in the molecule (wherein m represents an integer of 2 to 5).
  • a compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms in (CH 2 ) m in the above formula are removed and bonded to another chemical structure can be an alicyclic epoxy compound.
  • the hydrogen forming the alicyclic ring may be appropriately replaced with a linear alkyl group such as a methyl group or an ethyl group.
  • alicyclic epoxy compounds include 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, 3,4-epoxy-1-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxy-6- Methy ⁇ -hexanehexane / Boxylate, Ethylenebis (3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate), Bis (3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl) Adipate, Bis (3,4, Epoxy-6-methylcyclo (Hexylmethyl) adipate, diethylene glycol bis (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl ⁇ / methinoleethenore), ethyleneglycolenobis (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyletherole), 2, 3, 14, 15 —Diepoxy-1, 7, 1, 1, 18, 21—Tetraoxatrispirone [5.
  • an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol or a polyglycidyl ether of an alkylene oxide adduct thereof corresponds to this.
  • examples of such aliphatic epoxy compounds include diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol, diglycidyl ether of 1,6-hexanediol, triglycidyl ether of glycerin, and triglycidyl ether of trimethylolpropane.
  • Diglycidyl etherate of polyethylene glycolenole Diglycidinoleate of propylene dallicol ⁇ , Aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycolanol and propylene glycol ⁇ , and glycerin. Examples thereof include polyglycidyl ethers of polyether polyols obtained by adding oxides (ethylene oxide and propylene oxide).
  • the epoxy compounds exemplified here may be used alone or in combination with a plurality of epoxy compounds.
  • the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy compound used for the solventless adhesive is usually in the range of 30 to 300 g g equivalent, preferably 50 to 1550 g z equivalent.
  • the epoxy equivalent is less than 30 g / equivalent, the flexibility of the protective film after curing may be lowered, or the adhesive strength may be lowered.
  • it exceeds 300,000 equivalents the compatibility with other components may decrease.
  • a force thione polymerization initiator In order to cure the epoxy compound by force thione polymerization, a force thione polymerization initiator is added.
  • the cationic polymerization initiator generates a cationic species or a Lewis acid upon irradiation or heating of active energy rays such as visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and electron beams, and initiates the polymerization reaction of the epoxy group. From the viewpoint of workability, it is preferable that any type of cationic polymerization initiator is provided with latency.
  • the light power thione polymerization initiator acts catalytically by light, so even if it is mixed with an epoxy compound, the storage stability and work Excellent in properties.
  • Examples of compounds that generate cationic species and Lewis acids upon irradiation with active energy rays include aromatic diazonium salts, aromatic odonium salts, onium salts such as aromatic sulfonium salts, and iron-allene complexes. .
  • aromatic sulfonium salts in particular, have ultraviolet absorption characteristics even in a wavelength region of 300 nm or more, and therefore can provide a cured product having excellent curability and good mechanical strength and adhesive strength. Therefore, it is preferably used.
  • TPS-102 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.)
  • TPS-103 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.)
  • TPS—105 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.)
  • MD S-103 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.)
  • Examples include DTS-103 (manufactured by Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.) and PI-2074 (manufactured by Rhodia).
  • CI-5102 manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.
  • the compounding amount of the light thione polymerization initiator is usually 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy compound.
  • a photosensitizer can be used in combination as necessary. By using a photosensitizer, the reactivity is improved, and the mechanical strength and adhesive strength of the cured product can be improved.
  • the photosensitizer include carbonyl compounds, organic sulfur compounds, persulfides, redox compounds, azo and diazo compounds, halogen compounds, and photoreductive dyes.
  • the blending amount is usually 0.1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy compound.
  • the thermal cationic polymerization initiator is a compound that generates a cationic species or a Lewis acid upon heating.
  • thermal cationic polymerization initiator include benzylsulfonium salt, thiophenium salt, thiolanium salt, benzylammonium. , Pyridinium salt, hydrazinum salt, carboxylic acid ester, sulfonic acid ester, amine imidazole and the like.
  • Thermal cationic polymerization initiators can also be easily obtained as commercial products, such as Adeka Opton CP 7 7 (manufactured by ADE KA), Adeka Opton CP 6 6 (manufactured by ADE KA), CI—2 6 3 9 (manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.), CI _ 2 6 2 4 (manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.), Sun-Aid SI—60 L (manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Co., Ltd.), Sun-Aid SI—80 L ( Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Sun-side SI-1100 L (manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and the like.
  • Adeka Opton CP 7 7 manufactured by ADE KA
  • Adeka Opton CP 6 6 manufactured by ADE KA
  • CI—2 6 3 9 manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.
  • the above-described photothion polymerization and thermal cationic polymerization may be used in combination.
  • the epoxy adhesive may further contain a compound that promotes cationic polymerization, such as oxetanes and polyols.
  • a solventless type adhesive there is no particular limitation on the method of applying to at least one of the polarizing film, the protective layer and the first retardation plate.
  • organic solvents such as hydrocarbons typified by toluene and esters typified by ethyl acetate can be used.
  • Solvent-free The thickness of the adhesive layer using a mold type adhesive is usually 50 ⁇ or less, preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ or less, and usually l / m or more. is there. Solvent-free adhesives are coated with an active energy ray or heated as described above to cure the adhesive layer, polarizing film and protective layer, polarizing film or protective layer and first The retardation plate is fixed. In the case of curing by irradiation with active energy rays, ultraviolet rays are preferably used. Specific examples of the ultraviolet light source include a low-pressure mercury lamp, a medium-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a black light lamp, and a metal halide lamp.
  • the irradiation intensity and irradiation amount of active energy rays or ultraviolet rays are sufficient to activate the polymerization initiator and not adversely affect the cured adhesive layer, polarizing film, protective layer, and retardation film. It may be selected appropriately. When curing by heating, it can be heated by a generally known method, and the temperature and time at that time sufficiently activate the polymerization initiator, and the cured adhesive layer and polarized light. You should make an appropriate selection so as not to adversely affect the film and protective film.
  • corona discharge treatment it is preferable to perform corona discharge treatment on the side of the protective layer or the first retardation plate that is bonded to the polarizing film.
  • the corona discharge treatment is a treatment in which a high voltage is applied between the electrodes to discharge and activate the resin film disposed between the electrodes.
  • the effect of the edge discharge process varies depending on the type of electrode, electrode spacing, voltage, humidity, type of resin film used, etc.For example, the electrode spacing is 1 to 5 mm, and the moving speed is 3 to It is preferable to set it to about 2 O m / min.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a preferred example of the second composite polarizing plate 21 used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention, with each layer being separated
  • FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a second composite polarizing plate 31 of another preferred example used in the composite polarizing plate set of the invention in a state where the layers are separated from each other.
  • the second compound shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. The combined polarizing plates 2 1 and 3 1 have the same structure except that the polarizing plates 2 2 and 3 2 are partially different, and the polarizing plates 2 2 and 3 2 are connected to the second retardation plate 2 3 and The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 24 is laminated.
  • the second retardation plate 23 used in the present invention has an in-plane retardation value R0 in the range of 0 to 30 nm (preferably 0 to 10 nm), and a thickness direction retardation value Rth of 3 It is characterized by being in the range of 0 to 300 nm (preferably 50 to 300 nm). In-plane retardation value R of the second retardation plate 2 3. When is over 30 nm, depolarization due to the front phase difference occurs and the contrast ratio decreases. On the other hand, when the retardation value Rth in the thickness direction of the second retardation plate 23 is less than 30 nm, the birefringence of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell cannot be sufficiently offset, and the viewing angle becomes narrow.
  • the in-plane retardation value R of the second retardation plate 23 is the in-plane retardation value R of the first retardation plate described above.
  • Such retardation characteristics can be realized by forming the second retardation plate 23 using an organically modified clay composite and a binder resin.
  • the organic modified clay composite is a composite of an organic compound and a clay mineral having a layered structure, and is dispersible in an organic solvent.
  • the second retardation plate 23 according to the present invention is prepared by preparing a coating liquid in which such an organically modified clay complex is contained in an organic solvent together with a binder resin, and applying the coating liquid in layers. It is formed by removing the solvent.
  • Examples of the clay mineral having a layered structure include the smectite group and the swellable mica. Of these, the smectite group is preferably used because of its excellent transparency. Examples of those belonging to the smectite group include hectrite, montmorillonite, and bentonite. Of these, those chemically synthesized are preferable in that they have few impurities and are excellent in transparency. In particular, synthetic hectorite having a controlled particle size is preferably used because it suppresses the scattering of visible light. Examples of organic compounds complexed with clay minerals include compounds that can react with or interact with oxygen atoms and hydroxyl groups of clay minerals, or ionic compounds that can be exchanged with exchangeable cations.
  • organic modified clay complex can be swollen or dispersed in an organic solvent.
  • compounds that can interact with oxygen atoms and hydroxyl groups of clay minerals include surface modifiers such as silane coupling agents and titanium coupling agents, and can be modified by polymerization in the system. —Strength prolatatam, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl-substituted pyrrolidone and the like.
  • ionic compounds that can be exchanged for exchangeable cations include nitrogen-containing compounds and phosphorus-containing compounds. For example, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium compounds. And quaternary phosphonium compounds.
  • quaternary ammonium compounds and quaternary phosphonium compounds are preferably used because of easy cation exchange, and examples thereof include those having a long-chain alkyl group and those having an alkyl ether chain.
  • Those having an O) nH group or one (CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O) nH group are preferred.
  • Organically modified clay composites often contain chlorine-containing compounds as a result of the various secondary materials used in the production. If the amount of such a chlorinated compound is large, there is a possibility of bleeding out from the film when the second retardation plate 23 is formed. In that case, when the second retardation plate 2 3 is bonded to the liquid crystal cell glass via a pressure-sensitive adhesive, the adhesive strength significantly decreases with time. Therefore, it is preferable to remove the chlorine compound from the organically modified clay complex by washing, and it can be contained in the organic solvent in a state where the amount of chlorine contained in the complex is not more than 200 ppm. For example, a decrease in the adhesive strength can be suppressed. The removal of the chlorine compound can be performed by washing the organically modified clay complex with water.
  • Two or more organically modified clay composites can be used in combination.
  • Commercially available products of suitable organically modified clay composites include synthetic hepatite and quaternary ammonium compounds. Lunicentite STN (manufactured by Coop Chemical Co., Ltd.), Lucentite SPN (manufactured by Coop Chemical Co., Ltd.), etc.
  • Such organically modified clay composites that can be dispersed in an organic solvent are used in combination with a binder resin from the standpoint of ease of coating on a substrate, optical properties, and mechanical properties.
  • the binder resin used in combination with the organically modified clay composite is soluble in organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, acetone, and ethyl acetate, and in particular, has a glass transition temperature of room temperature or lower (approximately 20 ° C or lower). Those are preferably used.
  • those having hydrophobic properties are desirable.
  • binder resin examples include polyvinyl acetal resins such as polybutyral and polyvinyl formal, cellulose resins such as cellulose acetate butyrate, acrylic resins such as butyl acrylate, urethane resins, methacrylate resins, Examples include epoxy resins and polyester resins. Among them, urethane resin is preferable because the dispersibility of the organic modified clay complex is good.
  • binder resins include Denka Butylal # 3 00 0—K (produced by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), which is an aldehyde-modified resin of polyvinyl alcohol, and Aalon S 1 which is an acrylic resin.
  • Preferred examples include SBU lacquer 0 8 6 6 (Suika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd.), which is a urethane resin based on isophorone diisocyanate, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
  • the content ratio of the organically modified clay complex and the binder resin in the second phase difference plate 2 3 is in the range of 1: 2 to 10: 1, especially in the range of 1: 1 to 2: 1, in the weight ratio of the former: the latter. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving mechanical properties such as preventing cracking of the second retardation plate 2 3.
  • the organically modified clay complex and the binder resin are applied onto the substrate in the state of a coating liquid prepared by being dispersed in an organic solvent.
  • the binder resin is dissolved in an organic solvent, and the organic modified clay complex is dispersed in the organic solvent.
  • the solid content concentration of this coating solution is within the range where there is no practical problem with the prepared coating solution. There is no limitation as long as it does not gel or become cloudy in the surroundings, but it is usually used in a range where the total solid concentration of the organically modified clay composite and the binder resin is about 3 to 15% by weight.
  • the optimum solid content concentration varies depending on the type of organically modified clay complex and binder resin, and the composition ratio of the two, so it is set for each composition.
  • various additives such as a viscosity modifier for improving the coating property during film formation and a curing agent for further improving the hydrophobicity and / or durability may be added.
  • the coating liquid preferably has a moisture content measured by a Karl Fischer moisture meter within the range of 0.15 to 0.35% by weight.
  • a Karl Fischer moisture meter within the range of 0.15 to 0.35% by weight.
  • phase separation occurs in a water-insoluble organic solvent, and the coating liquid tends to separate into two layers.
  • the moisture content is less than 0.15% by weight, the haze value of the formed second retardation plate may be increased.
  • the method for setting the water content of the coating liquid within the above-mentioned range is not particularly limited, but the water content can be easily adjusted by adding water to the coating liquid.
  • the water content can be easily adjusted by adding water to the coating liquid.
  • the organic solvent, the organically modified clay complex and the binder resin as described above By simply mixing the organic solvent, the organically modified clay complex and the binder resin as described above by the usual method, the water content of 0.15% by weight or more is hardly exhibited. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the water content within the above range by adding a small amount of water to a coating liquid in which an organic solvent, an organically modified clay complex and a binder resin are mixed.
  • the time at which water is added is not particularly limited. However, if a predetermined amount of water is added after preparing a coating solution and measuring the moisture content after a certain period of time, reproducibility is improved. In addition, the moisture content can be controlled with high accuracy, which is preferable.
  • the method of applying the coating liquid is not particularly limited, and various known methods such as a direct gravure method, a reverse 'gravure method, a die coat method, a comma coat method, and a bar coat method can be used. .
  • the substrate on which the coating liquid is applied has an in-plane retardation value R.
  • R there is no particular limitation as long as it is a material having a substantially open mouth, but an unstretched film made of a chain olefin resin, an unstretched film made of a cycloolefin resin, an unstretched film made of a cellulose acylate resin, and the like are preferable.
  • this base material may also serve as the protective layer 27 of the polarizing plate 2 2.
  • the protective layer 27 with the second retardation plate 23 is attached to the polarizing film 25.
  • the second retardation film 23 may be formed by applying the above-described coating liquid to the protective layer 27 side of the polarizing film 25 having the protective layer 27 bonded beforehand. Good.
  • a primer layer may be formed between the second retardation plate 23 and the protective layer 27.
  • the polarizing plate used for the second composite polarizing plate in the present invention can be one generally used in the art, like the polarizing plate used for the first composite polarizing plate. Protection made of resin film such as triacetyl cellulose resin, cyclic cycloolefin resin, chain cycloolefin resin on both sides or one side of linear polarizing film with dichroic dye (iodine, dichroic organic dye, etc.) adsorbed and oriented on resin A structure in which layers are laminated is generally used.
  • FIG. 3 shows the case where the polarizing plate 2 2 having protective layers 2 6 and 2 7 provided on both sides of the linear polarizing film 25 is used
  • FIG. 4 shows the linear polarizing film 25. This shows a case in which a polarizing plate 3 2 provided with a protective layer 26 on one side (the side opposite to the side on which the second phase difference plate 23 is laminated) is used.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 4 formed on the side opposite to the side adjacent to the polarizing plate 2 2, 3 2 of the second retardation plate 2 3 in the second composite polarizing plate 2 1, 3 1 in the present invention In the same manner as described above for the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 4 in the first composite polarizing plate 1, 11, it can be formed using various pressure-sensitive adhesives conventionally used for liquid crystal display devices. .
  • the above-mentioned adhesives that are preferably used for bonding with the polarizing film first retardation plate are also preferably used.
  • FIG. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of manufacturing an example of a liquid crystal display device manufactured using the set of composite polarizing plates of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 (b) It is a top view shown in the shifted state.
  • FIG. 5 shows a set of composite polarizing plates in which the first composite polarizing plate 1 in the example shown in FIG. 1 and the second composite polarizing plate 21 in the example shown in FIG. 3 are combined.
  • the state in which the plate 1 is attached to one side of the liquid crystal 50 and the second composite polarizing plate 21 is attached to the other side of the liquid crystal cell 50 is schematically shown with the layers separated ( Pressure sensitive tt The adhesive layer is not shown).
  • the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention is suitably used for a vertical alignment (VA) mode liquid crystal display device.
  • VA vertical alignment
  • the first composite polarizing plate 1 When used in a liquid crystal display device in the vertical alignment mode, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the first composite polarizing plate 1 has an absorption axis direction 2a of the polarizing plate 2 on the viewing side (front side) of the liquid crystal cell. Is arranged in parallel with the horizontal direction (longitudinal direction) of the liquid crystal cell, and the absorption axis direction 2 a of the polarizing plate 2 and the slow axis direction 3 a of the first retardation plate 3 intersect each other substantially perpendicularly. Placed and pasted.
  • the absorption axis direction 2 2 a of the polarizing plate 2 2 is parallel to the vertical direction (short direction) of the liquid crystal cell on the side opposite to the viewing side (rear side) of the liquid crystal cell. Further, the polarizing plate 2 2 is disposed so that the absorption axis direction 2 2 a of the polarizing plate 2 2 intersects the absorption axis direction 2 a of the polarizing plate 2 in the first composite polarizing plate 1 substantially perpendicularly, and is attached. Attached.
  • the type of the liquid crystal cell is not particularly limited as long as it is a VA mode liquid crystal cell.
  • a liquid crystal display device comprising the above-described set of composite polarizing plates of the present invention and a liquid crystal cell, wherein the first composite polarizing plate is disposed on one side of the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal cell A liquid crystal display device having a second composite polarizing plate disposed on the other side is also provided.
  • the first composite polarizing plate is bonded to the liquid crystal cell via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer
  • the second composite polarizing plate is also bonded to the liquid crystal cell via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
  • the present invention also has a structure in which a long roll of a first retardation plate is laminated on a long aperture of a polarizing plate in which an absorption axis direction is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction, and the first retardation plate
  • the slow axis direction of the polarizing plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate are arranged so that they intersect at an angle of 80 to 100 °, and the first retardation plate is a propylene resin.
  • the in-plane retardation value R0 is in the range of 90 to 200 nm, the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film is n X, and the in-plane fast axis of the film
  • a composite polarizing plate roll having an Nz coefficient in the range of 0.90 to 1.10 when the refractive index in the direction is ny and the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film is nz is also provided.
  • Such a composite polarizing plate roll of the present invention can be suitably used for producing the first composite polarizing plate in the above-described set of composite polarizing plates of the present invention.
  • the long roll of the first retardation plate in the composite polarizing plate roll of the present invention uses a propylene resin. Even when fixed end uniaxial stretching is applied,
  • the first composite polarizing plate used for the set of the composite polarizing plate of the present invention described above can be easily manufactured.
  • EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
  • “parts” and “%” representing the amount used or content are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
  • the thickness direction retardation value Rth and Nz coefficient are all values measured using an automatic birefringence measuring device KO BRA-2 21ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
  • Polypropylene resin film (Sumitomo Nobrene W151, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was formed to obtain a 40 ⁇ um thick film, and then the fixed phase was uniaxially stretched at the fixed end. I got a plate.
  • the layers were bonded together with an adhesive in a state where they were arranged so that the slow axis direction of one phase difference plate intersected.
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (P-3132, manufactured by Lintec Corporation) formed on a separate film was transferred to the surface of the first retardation plate opposite to the side adjacent to the polarizing plate.
  • Sample 1 of the first composite polarizing plate was produced.
  • In-plane retardation value R of the first retardation plate. was 140 nm and the Nz coefficient was 1.00.
  • Lucentite STN manufactured by Co-op Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • isophorone diisocyanate base is used as the binder resin.
  • SB U lacquer 0866 manufactured by Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd.
  • SB U lacquer 0866 manufactured by Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd.
  • a coating retardation layer was formed by drying at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes to obtain a second retardation plate.
  • the obtained second retardation plate had an in-plane retardation value R0 of 0.2 nm and a thickness direction retardation value Rth of 170 nm.
  • the second retardation plate is bonded to the triacetyl cellulose surface side with an adhesive on the side of the polarizing plate where the polarizing film of the polarizing plate having triacetyl cellulose as a protective layer is exposed on one surface.
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (P_3132, manufactured by Lintec Co., Ltd.) formed on the separate film was transferred to obtain Sample 1 of the second composite polarizing plate.
  • the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate is on the viewing side (front side).
  • Sample 1 of the first composite polarizing plate was attached via a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer so as to be parallel to the horizontal direction (longitudinal direction) of the liquid crystal television.
  • the second composite polarized light is passed through the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer so that the absorption axis direction is parallel to the lead straight direction (short direction) of the liquid crystal television on the opposite side (rear side) to the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell.
  • a polarizing plate was attached to Sample 1 of the plate to obtain a liquid crystal display device.
  • a norbornene resin film (Z EONOR, manufactured by Optes Co., Ltd.), which is a cycloolefin-based resin, is uniaxially stretched at the fixed end, and has the in-plane retardation value R0 and Nz coefficient as shown in Table 1, respectively.
  • Sample plates 2 to 5 of the first composite polarizing plate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that retardation plates were produced and these were used respectively.
  • In-plane retardation value R as shown in Table 2.
  • Samples 2 to 5 of the second composite polarizing plate were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that second retardation plates each having a retardation value Rth in the thickness direction were prepared.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the samples of the first composite polarizing plate and the sample of the second composite polarizing plate were combined as shown in Table 3. Produced.
  • EZ_contrast 88XL manufactured by ELD IM
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the Nz coefficient of the first retardation plate of the liquid crystal display devices obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and the CR viewing angle. From FIG. 6, it can be seen that when a completely uniaxial retardation film is used as the first retardation film, a good viewing angle characteristic is obtained. In contrast, even with a uniaxial retardation film, it can be seen that the viewing angle characteristics deteriorate due to the slightly biaxiality. Industrial applicability
  • the set of the composite polarizing plate of the present invention hardly changes the color even when the viewing angle is changed, and can obtain a good viewing angle characteristic, and is particularly useful for a liquid crystal display device in a vertical alignment mode. .

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Abstract

A set composed of the first composite polarizing plate (1) which is made by laminating a polarizing plate (2), the first retardation plate (3) and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (4) in this order and in which the first retardation plate (3) is a stretched propylene resin retardation film which has an in-plane phase difference R0 of 90 to 200nm and an Nz coefficient of 0.90 to 1.10 and is arranged in such a way that the delayed phase axis crosses the absorption axis of the polarizing plate (2) at an angle of 80 to 100° and the second composite polarizing plate which has a structure made by laminating a polarizing plate, the second retardation plate, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in this order and in which the second retardation plate contains both an organic-modified clay composite and a binder resin and has an in-plane phase difference R0 of 0 to 30nm and a thickness-wise phase difference Rth of 30 to 300nm; a liquid crystal display with the set; and composite polarizing plate rolls therefor.

Description

明細書  Specification
複合偏光板口ール、 複合偏光板セットおよび液晶表示装置 技術分野  Composite polarizing plate, composite polarizing plate set and liquid crystal display
本発明は、複合偏光板ロール、複合偏光板セットおよび液晶表示装置に関する。 背景技術  The present invention relates to a composite polarizing plate roll, a composite polarizing plate set, and a liquid crystal display device. Background art
近年、 消費電力が低く、 低電圧で動作し、 軽量でかつ薄型の液晶ディスプレイ 、 携帯電話、 携帯情報端末、 コンピュータ用のモニター、 テレビなど、 情報用 表示デバイスとして急速に普及してきている。 液晶技術の発展に伴い、 さまざま なモードの液晶ディスプレイが提案されて、 応答速度やコントラスト、 狭視野角 といった液晶ディスプレイの問題点が解消されつつある。 し力 しながら、 依然と して、 陰極線管 (C R T) に比べて視野角が狭いこと.が指摘され、 視野角拡大の ための各種の試みがなされている。  In recent years, it has been rapidly spreading as information display devices such as low power consumption, low voltage operation, lightweight and thin liquid crystal displays, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, computer monitors, and televisions. With the development of liquid crystal technology, liquid crystal displays in various modes have been proposed, and problems with liquid crystal displays such as response speed, contrast, and narrow viewing angle are being resolved. However, it is still pointed out that the viewing angle is narrower than that of a cathode ray tube (CR T), and various attempts have been made to expand the viewing angle.
このような液晶表示装置の一つに、 正または負の誘電率異方性を有する棒状の 液晶分子を基板に対して垂直に配向させた、 垂直配向 (V A) モードの液晶表示 装置がある。 この垂直配向モードは、 非駆動状態においては、 液晶分子が基板に 対して垂直に配向しているため、 光は偏光の変化を伴わずに液晶層を通過する。 このため、 液晶パネルの上下に互いに吸収軸が直交するように直線偏光板を配設 することで、 正面から見た場合にほぼ完全な黒表示を得ることができ、 高いコン トラスト比を得ることができる。  One of such liquid crystal display devices is a vertical alignment (VA) mode liquid crystal display device in which rod-like liquid crystal molecules having positive or negative dielectric anisotropy are aligned perpendicularly to a substrate. In this vertical alignment mode, in the non-driven state, since the liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to the substrate, light passes through the liquid crystal layer without any change in polarization. For this reason, by arranging linearly polarizing plates on the top and bottom of the liquid crystal panel so that the absorption axes are orthogonal to each other, almost complete black display can be obtained when viewed from the front, and a high contrast ratio can be obtained. Can do.
しかし、 このような液晶セルに偏光板のみを備えた V Aモードの液晶表示装置 では、 それを斜めから見た場合に、 配設された偏光板の軸角度が 9 0 ° からずれ てしまうことと、 セル内の棒状の液晶分子が複屈折を発現することに起因して、 光漏れが生じ、 コントラスト比が著しく低下したり、 斜視時の色目が見る角度に よって大きく異なったりしてしまう。 斜視時のコントラスト比および色変化を含 めて 「視野角特性」 と呼ぶ。 この視野角特性の不良を解消するためには、 液晶セルと直線偏光板の間に光学 補償フィルムを配設する必要があり、 従来は、 二軸性の位相差板を液晶セルと上 下の偏光板の間にそれぞれ 1枚ずっ配設する仕様や、 一軸性の位相差板と完全二 軸性の位相差板を、 それぞれ 1枚ずつ液晶セルの上下に、 または 2枚とも液晶セ ルの片側に配設する仕様が採用されてきた。 たとえば、 特開 2001 _ 1090 09号公報 (特許文献 1) には、 垂直配向モードの液晶表示装置において、 上下 の偏光板と液晶セルの間に、 それぞれ aプレート (すなわち、 正の一軸性の位相 差板) および cプレート (すなわち、 完全二軸性の位相差板) を配置することが 記載されている。 However, in such a VA mode liquid crystal display device having only a polarizing plate in the liquid crystal cell, the axial angle of the disposed polarizing plate deviates from 90 ° when viewed obliquely. As a result of the birefringence of the rod-like liquid crystal molecules in the cell, light leakage occurs, and the contrast ratio is remarkably lowered, or the color at the time of perspective changes greatly depending on the viewing angle. It is called “viewing angle characteristics” including the contrast ratio and color change in strabismus. In order to eliminate this poor viewing angle characteristic, it is necessary to dispose an optical compensation film between the liquid crystal cell and the linear polarizing plate. Conventionally, a biaxial retardation plate is provided between the liquid crystal cell and the upper and lower polarizing plates. Each with a single uniaxial retardation plate and a complete biaxial retardation plate, one above and one below the liquid crystal cell, or both on one side of the liquid crystal cell Specifications have been adopted. For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-109009 (Patent Document 1), in a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device, an a plate (that is, a positive uniaxial phase) is disposed between upper and lower polarizing plates and a liquid crystal cell. And a c-plate (ie, a complete biaxial retardation plate) are described.
正の一軸性の位相差板とは、 Nz係数が概ね 1. 0のフィルムであり、 また完 全二軸性の位相差板とは、面内の位相差値 R。がほぼ 0のフィルムである。ここで、 フィルムの面内遅相軸方向の屈折率を n X、フィルムの面内進相軸方向の屈折率を ny、 フィルムの厚み方向の屈折率を nz、 フィルムの厚みを dとしたとき、 面内 の位相差値 R。、厚み方向の位相差値 Rth、および Nz係数は、 それぞれ下式(1) 〜 (3) で定義される。  A positive uniaxial retardation plate is a film with an Nz coefficient of approximately 1.0, and a complete biaxial retardation plate has an in-plane retardation value R. Is almost zero film. Where n X is the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film, ny is the refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film, nz is the refractive index in the film thickness direction, and d is the film thickness. In-plane retardation value R. The thickness direction retardation value Rth and the Nz coefficient are defined by the following equations (1) to (3), respectively.
R0= (nx-ny) X d (1) R 0 = (nx-ny) X d (1)
Rth= 〔 (nx+ny) /2_nz〕 X d (2)  Rth = [(nx + ny) / 2_nz] X d (2)
Nz係数 = (nx- nz) / (nx-ny) (3)  Nz coefficient = (nx-nz) / (nx-ny) (3)
一軸性のフィルムでは、 nz^ (nearly equal) nyとなるため、  In uniaxial film, nz ^ (nearly equal) ny
Nz係数 1. 0となる。一軸性のフィルムであっても、 Nz係数は延伸条件の変 動により、 0. 80〜1. 50程度の間で変化することもある。完全二軸性のフィ ルムでは、 nx nyとなるため、 R。^0となる。 完全二軸性のフィルムは、 厚 み方向の屈折率のみが異なる (小さい) ものであることから、負の一軸性を有し、 光学軸が法線方向にあるフィルムとも呼ばれ、 また上述のとおり、 cプレートと 呼ばれることもある。 The Nz coefficient is 1.0. Even for a uniaxial film, the Nz coefficient may vary between about 0.80 and 1.50 depending on the stretching conditions. R for nx ny in a completely biaxial film. ^ 0. A completely biaxial film is different (small) only in the refractive index in the thickness direction, so it is also called a film having negative uniaxiality and an optical axis in the normal direction. As it is, it is sometimes called c-plate.
一軸性の位相差フィルムは、 たとえば自由端縦一軸延伸や、 固定端横一軸延伸 などによって延伸された樹脂フィルムなどが一般に多く用いられている。 固定端 横一軸延伸の場合には 1 . 1 0 < Nz係数≤ 1 . 5 0程度の若干の二軸性を帯び る場合が多い。 このような Nz係数を有する位相差フィルムは、 一軸性ではある ものの、 完全一軸性とまでは言えない場合がある。 ここで言う完全一軸性の位相 差フィルムとは、 0 . 9 0≤Nz係数≤ l . 1 0の範囲にあるものを指す。 As the uniaxial retardation film, for example, a resin film stretched by, for example, free end longitudinal uniaxial stretching or fixed end lateral uniaxial stretching is generally used. Fixed end In the case of transverse uniaxial stretching, it often has a slight biaxiality of about 1.10 <Nz coefficient≤1.50. Although a retardation film having such an Nz coefficient is uniaxial, it may not be completely uniaxial. The completely uniaxial retardation film referred to here refers to a film in the range of 0.90≤Nz coefficient≤l.10.
特許文献 1に開示されたような様々な位相差フィルムを用いることで、 V Aモー ドの視野角はかなり広くなってきているものの、 まだ改良の余地があるといわれ ている。  By using various retardation films as disclosed in Patent Document 1, the viewing angle of the VA mode has been considerably widened, but it is said that there is still room for improvement.
本発明は、 上記課題を解決するためになされたものであって、 その目的とする ところは、 液晶表示装置. (特に、 V Aモードの液晶表示装置) における視野角特 性を向上できる複合偏光板のセットおよびそれを用いた液晶表示装置を提供する ことである。 発明の開示  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a composite polarizing plate capable of improving viewing angle characteristics in a liquid crystal display device (particularly, a VA mode liquid crystal display device). And a liquid crystal display device using the same. Disclosure of the invention
本発明者は、 V Aモード液晶表示装置に関して、 その視野角特性をさらに向上 させるべく鋭意検討してきた結果、 一軸性位相差フィルムと完全二軸性の位相差 フィルムの組み合わせにおいて、 一軸性位相差フィルムの光学特性を完全一軸性 にすることで、さらに視野角特性が良好な液晶表示装置が得られることを見出し、 本発明に至った。 すなわち、 本発明は以下のとおりである。  As a result of intensive studies to further improve the viewing angle characteristics of the VA mode liquid crystal display device, the present inventor has found that a uniaxial retardation film is combined with a uniaxial retardation film and a complete biaxial retardation film. The present inventors have found that a liquid crystal display device with better viewing angle characteristics can be obtained by making the optical characteristics completely uniaxial, leading to the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
本発明は、 吸収軸方向が長手方向と竿行に配置された偏光板の長尺口ールに、 第一位相差板の長尺ロールが積層された構造を有し、 第一位相差板の遅相軸方向 と偏光板の吸収軸方向とが 8 0〜1 0 0 ° の角度で交差するように配置されてい る複合偏光板ロールであって、 第一位相差板は、 プロピレン系榭脂を延伸してな り、面内の位相差値 R。が 9 0〜 2 0 0 n mの範囲にあり、 かつ、 フィルムの面内 遅相軸方向の屈折率を n x、 フィルムの面内進相軸方向の屈折率を n y、 フィルム の厚み方向の屈折率を n zとしたときに下式で定義される Nz係数が 0 . 9 0〜 1 . 1 0の範囲にあることを特徴とする。  The present invention has a structure in which a long roll of a first retardation plate is laminated on a long mouthpiece of a polarizing plate whose absorption axis direction is arranged in the longitudinal direction and the first retardation plate The slow axis direction of the polarizing plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate are arranged so as to intersect at an angle of 80 to 100 °, and the first retardation plate The in-plane retardation value R is obtained by stretching the oil. Is in the range of 90 to 200 nm, the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film is nx, the refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film is ny, and the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film Nz coefficient defined by the following equation is in the range of 0.90 to 1.10, where is nz.
Nz係数 = ( n x— n z; / 、n x— n y) . 本発明の複合偏光板ロールにおける第一位相差板は、 プロピレン樹脂を固定端 横一軸延伸して得られたフィルムであることが好ましい。 Nz coefficient = (nx— nz; /, nx— ny). The first retardation plate in the composite polarizing plate roll of the present invention is preferably a film obtained by uniaxially stretching a propylene resin at a fixed end.
本発明はまた、液晶表示装置に用レ、る第一複合偏光板と第二複合偏光板とのセッ トであって、 第一複合偏光板は、 偏光板と、 第一位相差板と、 感圧性接着剤層と がこの順で積層された構造を有し、 第一位相差板は、 プロピレン樹脂を延伸して なる位相差フィルムであって、面内の位相差値 R。が 9 0〜2 0 0 n mの範囲にあ り、かつ、 フィルムの面内遅相軸方向の屈折率を n x、 フィルムの面内進相軸方向 の屈折率を n y、 フィルムの厚み方向の屈折率を n zとしたときに下式で定義され る Nz係数が 0 . 9 0〜1 . 1 0の範囲にあり、 かつ、 その遅相軸方向と偏光板 の吸収軸方向とが 8 0〜1 0 0 ° の角度で交差するように配置され、 第二複合偏 光板は、 偏光板と、 第二位相差板と、 感圧性接着剤層とがこの順で積層された構 造を有し、 第二位相差板は、 有機修飾粘土複合体とバインダー樹脂とを含み、 面 内の位相差値 R。が 0〜3 0 n mの範囲にあり、 厚み方向の位相差値 Rthが 3 0 〜3 0 0 n mの範囲にある複合偏光板セットについても提供する。  The present invention is also a set of a first composite polarizing plate and a second composite polarizing plate used in a liquid crystal display device, the first composite polarizing plate comprising: a polarizing plate; a first retardation plate; The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is laminated in this order. The first retardation plate is a retardation film obtained by stretching a propylene resin, and has an in-plane retardation value R. Is in the range of 90 to 200 nm, the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film is nx, the refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film is ny, and the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film When the ratio is nz, the Nz coefficient defined by the following formula is in the range of 0.90 to 1.10, and the slow axis direction and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate are 80 to 1 The second composite polarizing plate is arranged so as to intersect at an angle of 0 °, and has a structure in which a polarizing plate, a second retardation plate, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are laminated in this order, The second retardation plate includes an organically modified clay composite and a binder resin, and has an in-plane retardation value R. Is provided in the range of 0 to 30 nm, and the thickness of the thickness direction retardation Rth is in the range of 30 to 30 nm.
Nz係数 = ( n x— n z) / 、n x— n y)  Nz coefficient = (n x— n z) /, n x— n y)
本発明の複合偏光板セットにおける第一位相差板は、 プロピレン系樹脂を固定 端横一軸延伸して得られたフィルムであることが、 好ましい。  The first retardation plate in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention is preferably a film obtained by laterally uniaxially stretching a propylene-based resin.
本発明の複合偏光板セットは、 V Aモードの液晶表示装置に用いられるもので あることが好ましい。  The composite polarizing plate set of the present invention is preferably used for a VA mode liquid crystal display device.
本発明はまた、 上述した本発明の複合偏光板セットと液晶セルとを備える液晶 表示装置であって、 液晶セルの一方側に第一複合偏光板をその感圧' 14接着剤層を 介して貼合するとともに、 液晶セルの他方側に第二複合偏光板をその感圧性接着 剤層を介して貼合してなる液晶表示装置についても提供する。 図面の簡単な説明  The present invention is also a liquid crystal display device comprising the above-described composite polarizing plate set of the present invention and a liquid crystal cell, wherein the first composite polarizing plate is disposed on one side of the liquid crystal cell via its pressure sensitive 14 adhesive layer. In addition to bonding, a liquid crystal display device is also provided in which a second composite polarizing plate is bonded to the other side of the liquid crystal cell via its pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Brief Description of Drawings
図 1 本発明の複合偏光板セットに用いられる好ましい一例の第一複合偏光板 1を、 各層を離間した状態で模式的に示す斜視図である。 図 2 本発明の複合偏光板セットに用いられる好ましい他の例の第一複合偏光 板 1 1を、 各層を離間した状態で模式的に示す斜視図である。 FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a first example of the first composite polarizing plate 1 used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention with each layer being separated. FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing another example of the first composite polarizing plate 11 of another preferred example used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention in a state where the layers are separated from each other.
図 3 本発明の複合偏光板セットに用いられる好ましい一例の第二複合偏光板 2 1を、 各層を離間した状態で模式的に示す斜視図である。  FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a second example of the second composite polarizing plate 21 used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention in a state where the layers are separated from each other.
図 4 本発明の複合偏光板セットに用いられる好ましい他の例の第二複合偏光 板 3 1を、 各層を離間した状態で模式的に示す斜視図である。  FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a second composite polarizing plate 31 of another preferred example used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention, with each layer being separated.
図 5 図 5 ( a ) は、 本発明の複合偏光板のセットを用いて製造される液晶表 示装置の一例を模式的に示す断面図であり、 図 5 ( b ) は各層を互いにずらした 状態で示す上面図である。  Fig. 5 Fig. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a liquid crystal display device manufactured using the set of composite polarizing plates of the present invention. It is a top view shown in a state.
図 6 実施例 1、 比較例 1〜4で得られた液晶表示装置の第一位相差板の Nz 係数とコントラスト視野角との関係を示すグラフである。 符号の説明  6 is a graph showing the relationship between the Nz coefficient of the first retardation plate and the contrast viewing angle of the liquid crystal display devices obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4. FIG. Explanation of symbols
1 , 1 1 第一複合偏光板、 2, 1 2 偏光板、 3 第一位相差板、 4 感圧 性接着剤層、 5, 2 5 直線偏光フィルム、 6 , 7, 2 6 , 2 7 保護層、 2 1, 3 1 第二複合偏光板、 2 2 , 3 2 偏光板、 2 3 第二位相差板、 2 4 感圧 性接着剤層、 5 0 液晶セル。 発明を実施するための最良の形態  1, 1 1 First composite polarizing plate, 2, 1 2 Polarizing plate, 3 First retardation plate, 4 Pressure sensitive adhesive layer, 5, 25 Linear polarizing film, 6, 7, 2 6, 2 7 Protection Layer, 2 1, 3 1 second composite polarizing plate, 2 2, 3 2 polarizing plate, 2 3 second retardation plate, 2 4 pressure sensitive adhesive layer, 50 liquid crystal cell. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
〔 1〕 複合偏光板セット  [1] Composite polarizing plate set
本発明の複合偏光板セットは、液晶セルの一方側に第一複合偏光板を配置し、 他方側に第二複合偏光板を配置して、 液晶表示装置を作製するために、 第一複合 偏光板および第二複合偏光板の組み合わせとして供されるものである。 本発明に おける第一複合偏光板および第二複合偏光板は、 それぞれ、 偏光板と、 位相差板 (第一位相差板または第二位相差板) と、 感圧性接着剤層とがこの順で積層され た構造を有する。  In the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention, a first composite polarizing plate is disposed on one side of a liquid crystal cell, and a second composite polarizing plate is disposed on the other side. This is provided as a combination of a plate and a second composite polarizing plate. The first composite polarizing plate and the second composite polarizing plate in the present invention are each composed of a polarizing plate, a retardation plate (first retardation plate or second retardation plate), and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in this order. It has a laminated structure.
[ 1 - 1 ] 第一複合偏光板 ここで、 図 1は本発明の複合偏光板セットに用いられる好ましい一例の第一 複合偏光板 1を、 各層を離間した状態で模式的に示す斜視図であり、 図 2は、 本 発明の複合偏光板セッ卜に用いられる好ましい他の例の第一複合偏光板 1 1を、 各層を離間した状態で模式的に示す斜視図である。 図 1および図 2に示す第一複 合偏光板 1, 1 1は、 偏光板 2, 1 2の構成が一部異なること以外は同様の構造 を有し、 偏光板 2, 1 2に、 第一位相差板 3と、 感圧性接着剤層 4とが積層され てなる。 [1-1] First composite polarizing plate Here, FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a first example of the first composite polarizing plate 1 used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention, with each layer being separated, and FIG. 2 is a composite of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a first composite polarizing plate 11 of another preferred example used for a polarizing plate set in a state where layers are separated from each other. The first composite polarizing plates 1 and 11 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have the same structure except that the configurations of the polarizing plates 2 and 12 are partially different. A phase difference plate 3 and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 4 are laminated.
本発明に用いられる第一位相差板 3は、 プロピレン榭脂を延伸してなる位相差 フィルムであって、 面内の位相差値 R0が 9 0〜2 0 0 n mの範囲にあることを 特徴の 1つとする。 すなわち、 本発明に用いられる第一位相差板 3は完全一軸性 の位相差フィルム (上述したように、 0 . 9 0≤Nz係数≤ l . 1 0の範囲にあ る一軸性フィルム) である。 このような正の完全一軸性の位相差フィルムを得る ためには、 通常、 固有複屈折が正である樹脂フィルムを延伸配向させればよく、 延伸方法には、 固定端一軸延伸、 自由端一軸延伸などが適用できる。  The first retardation plate 3 used in the present invention is a retardation film formed by stretching propylene resin, and has an in-plane retardation value R0 in the range of 90 to 200 nm. One of these. That is, the first retardation plate 3 used in the present invention is a complete uniaxial retardation film (as described above, a uniaxial film in the range of 0.9 0 ≤ Nz coefficient ≤ l. 10). . In order to obtain such a positive complete uniaxial retardation film, it is usually sufficient to stretch and orient a resin film having a positive intrinsic birefringence. The stretching methods include fixed-end uniaxial stretching and free-end uniaxial. Stretching can be applied.
ここで、 フィルムの長尺ロールに対して、 連続で自由端一軸延伸を行う場合に は、 その長手方向 (流れ方向) にフィルムを延伸する縦延伸と呼ばれる延伸方法 が用いられる。 このような方法で得られた位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向は、 フィ ルムの長手方向と概ね平行になる。 また、 偏光板も通常はポリビュルアルコール 樹脂からなるフィルムの長尺ロールを自由端縦一軸延伸して得られるものであり、 その吸収軸方向は、 その長手方向と概ね平行になる。 これらを、 位相差フィルム の遅相軸方向と偏光板の吸収軸方向とを直交させるように貼り合わせる場合には、 少なくともどちらかの長尺ロールを、ある程度の大きさでシート状に切り出して、 その向きを 9 0度回転させてから、 他方のフィルムへ一枚一枚貼り合わせる必要 が生じる。 これに対し、 テンターなどを用いた固定端横一軸延伸で得られる位相 差フィルムの場合、 遅相軸方向は、 長尺ロールの長手方向と直交する方向 (幅方 向) となるため、 位相差フィルムの長尺ロールと偏光板の長尺ロールとを、 ロー ル .ツー ·ロールで連続貼合することができる。 しかしながら、 通常の非晶質の 樹脂フィルムを固定端横一軸延伸した場合、 完全一軸性の位相差フィルムを得る ことは難しく、 ^^ 2係数〉 1 . 1 0となってしまう場合が多い。 Here, when continuous free end uniaxial stretching is performed on a long roll of film, a stretching method called longitudinal stretching in which the film is stretched in the longitudinal direction (flow direction) is used. The slow axis direction of the retardation film obtained by such a method is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the film. Further, the polarizing plate is usually obtained by stretching a long roll of a film made of poly (bull alcohol) resin uniaxially at the free end, and the absorption axis direction is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction. When laminating these so that the slow axis direction of the retardation film and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate are orthogonal to each other, at least one of the long rolls is cut into a sheet shape with a certain size, After rotating the direction 90 degrees, it becomes necessary to stick each other to the other film. In contrast, in the case of a retardation film obtained by uniaxial stretching at a fixed end using a tenter or the like, the slow axis direction is a direction (width direction) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the long roll. A long roll of film and a long roll of polarizing plate can be continuously bonded with a roll-to-roll. However, normal amorphous When a resin film is stretched laterally uniaxially at a fixed end, it is difficult to obtain a completely uniaxial retardation film, and the ^^ 2 coefficient> 1.10 is often obtained.
本発明では、 固定端横一軸延伸を施した場合であっても、 ある程度以上の高倍 率で延伸することで完全一軸性の特性を得ることができるプロピレン樹脂を用い ることで、完全一軸性の位相差フィルムとした第一位相差板 3を用いる。 ここで、 ある程度以上の高倍率とは、 通常 2倍以上であり、 好ましくは 3倍以上、 より好 ましくは 3 . 5倍以上である。  In the present invention, even when the fixed-end lateral uniaxial stretching is performed, by using a propylene resin that can obtain completely uniaxial characteristics by stretching at a high rate of a certain degree or more, it is possible to obtain completely uniaxial. The first retardation plate 3 that is a retardation film is used. Here, the high magnification above a certain level is usually 2 times or more, preferably 3 times or more, and more preferably 3.5 times or more.
延伸倍率の上限は特に制約されないが、 あまりに延伸しすぎるとフィルムが破 断したりすることから、 通常、 1 0倍以下、 好ましくは 8倍以下、 より好ましく は 6倍以下で延伸する。 固定端横一軸延伸を行って得た位相差フィルムは、 その 遅相軸方向がフィルムの長手方向と 9 0度異なる方向 (=幅方向) と概ね平行と なるため、 プロピレン榭脂を固定端横一軸延伸して得られた位相差フィルムの長 尺ロールを、偏光板の長尺ロールとロール'ツー ·ロールで貼り合わせることで、 本発明の複合偏光板セットに用いる第一複合偏光板を効率よく容易に作製するこ とができる。 この意味で、 本発明のように、 位相差フィルムにプロピレン榭脂か らなるフィルムを用いることは有用である。  The upper limit of the draw ratio is not particularly limited, but if the film is stretched too much, the film is broken, and therefore, the film is usually stretched at 10 times or less, preferably 8 times or less, more preferably 6 times or less. The retardation film obtained by uniaxial stretching at the fixed end has a slow axis direction that is approximately parallel to the direction (= width direction) that is 90 degrees different from the longitudinal direction of the film. The long roll of retardation film obtained by uniaxial stretching is bonded to the long roll of a polarizing plate with a roll-to-roll so that the first composite polarizing plate used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention can be efficiently used. It can be manufactured easily and well. In this sense, it is useful to use a film made of propylene resin as the retardation film as in the present invention.
本発明における第一複合偏光板の第一位相差板に用いられるプロピレン樹脂 とは、 主にプロピレンのユニットからなる樹脂であって、 一般に結晶性のもので あり、 プロピレンの単独重合体のほか、 プロピレンとそれに共重合可能なコモノ マーとの共重合体であってもよい。  The propylene resin used for the first retardation plate of the first composite polarizing plate in the present invention is a resin mainly composed of propylene units, and is generally crystalline, in addition to a propylene homopolymer, It may be a copolymer of propylene and a comonomer copolymerizable therewith.
プロピレンに共重合されるコモノマーとしては、 たとえばエチレン、 炭素原子 数 4〜 2 0 ( C4〜C 20) の α—ォレフィンが挙げられる。 炭素原子数 4〜 2 0の α—ォレフィンとしては、 具体的には、 1—ブテン、 2 _メチル一 1—プロペン (以上 C4) ; 1—ペンテン、 2 _メチル一 1—ブテン、 3 _メチル一 1—ブテン (以上 C 5) ; 1—へキセン、 2 _ェチル一 1—ブテン、 2 , 3—ジメチルー 1一 ブテン、 2 _メチル一 1 _ペンテン、 3—メチノレ一 1—ペンテン、 4—メチルー 1—ペンテン、 3 , 3—ジメチル一 1—ブテン (以上 C 6) ; 1—ヘプテン、 2— メチノレー 1—へキセン、 2, 3—ジメチルー 1—ペンテン、 2—ェチノレー 1—ぺ ンテン、 2 _メチル一3—ェチルー 1—ブテン (以上 C7) ; 1—ォクテン、 5— メチノレ一 1—ヘプテン、 2—ェチノレ _ 1—へキセン、 3, 3—ジメチルー 1一へ キセン、 2—メチル一 3—ェチルー 1一ペンテン、 2, 3, 4_トリメチルー 1 一ペンテン、 2—プロピル— 1—ペンテン、 2, 3—ジェチル一 1ーブテン (以 上 C8) ; 1—ノネン (C9) ; 1ーデセン (C10) ; 1—ゥンデセン (C11) ; 1—ドデセン (C12) ; 1—トリデセン (C13) ; 1—テトラデセン (C14) ;Examples of the comonomer copolymerized with propylene include ethylene and α-olefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms (C4 to C20). Specific examples of α-olefins having 4 to 20 carbon atoms include 1-butene, 2_methyl-1-propene (above C4); 1-pentene, 2_methyl-1-1-butene, 3_methyl 1-butene (above C 5); 1-hexene, 2_ethyl 1-butene, 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene, 2_methyl-1-pentene, 3-methinole 1-pentene, 4- Methyl-1-pentene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene (above C 6); 1-heptene, 2— Methinole 1-hexene, 2,3-Dimethyl-1-pentene, 2-Ethenole 1-pentene, 2_Methyl 1-3-Ethyl 1-butene (above C7); 1-Octene, 5-Methyleno 1-heptene, 2-ethynole _ 1-hexene, 3, 3-dimethyl-1-hexene, 2-methyl-1-ethyl-1-pentene, 2, 3, 4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 2-propyl-1-pentene, 2 1-butene (C8); 1-nonene (C9); 1-decene (C10); 1-undecene (C11); 1-dodecene (C12); 1-tridecene (C13); 1-tetradecene (C14);
1—ペンタデセン (C15) ; 1 _へキサデセン (C16) ; 1—ヘプタデセン (C 17) ; 1—ォクタデセン (C18) ; 1—ノナデセン (C19) などを挙げることが できる。 1-pentadecene (C15); 1_hexadecene (C16); 1-heptadecene (C 17); 1-octadecene (C18); 1-nonadecene (C19).
上述した α—ォレフインの中でも、 炭素原子数 4〜12の α—ォレフィンが好 ましく、 具体的には、 1—ブテン、 2—メチル _ 1 _プロペン; 1—ペンテン、 Among the α-olefins mentioned above, α-olefins having 4 to 12 carbon atoms are preferable, specifically 1-butene, 2-methyl _ 1 _propene; 1-pentene,
2—メチノレ _ 1—ブテン、 3—メチノレ _ 1—ブテン; 1—へキセン、 2—ェチノレ _ 1—ブテン、 2, 3—ジメチル _ 1—ブテン、 2 _メチル _ 1—ペンテン、 3 —メチノレ一 1—ペンテン、 4—メチル一 1—ペンテン、 3, 3—ジメチル一 1— ブテン; 1—ヘプテン、 2—メチノレ一 1—へキセン、 2, 3—ジメチル一 1—ぺ ンテン、 2—ェチノレ一 1一ペンテン、 2—メチノレ一 3—ェチ /レー 1ーブテン; 1 ーォクテン、 5—メチルー 1—ヘプテン、 2—ェチルー 1—へキセン、 3, 3— ジメチルー 1—へキセン、 2—メチル一 3—ェチルー 1 _ペンテン、 2, 3, 4 —トリメチルー 1一ペンテン、 2—プロピル一 1一ペンテン、 2, 3—ジェチル - 1—ブテン; 1一ノネン; 1—デセン; 1一ゥンデセン; 1一ドデセンなどを 挙げることができる。 共重合性の観点からは、 1ーブテン、 1一ペンテン、 1一 へキセンおよび 1—オタテンから選ばれる少なくともいずれかが好ましく、 とり. わけ 1—ブテンおよび/または 1一へキセンがより好ましい。 2—Methinore _ 1—Butene, 3—Metinore _ 1—Butene; 1—Hexene, 2—Ethinole _ 1—Butene, 2,3—Dimethyl _ 1—Butene, 2 _Methyl _ 1—Pentene, 3 —Methinore 1-pentene, 4-methyl 1-pentene, 3, 3-dimethyl 1-butene; 1-heptene, 2-methylol 1-hexene, 2, 3-dimethyl 1-pentene, 2-ethynole 1 1 1 pentene, 2—methinole 1—eth / le 1-butene; 1-octene, 5-methyl-1-heptene, 2-ethyl 1-hexene, 3, 3-dimethyl-1-hexene, 2-methyl mono 3-ethylol 1_pentene, 2, 3, 4 -trimethyl 1-pentene, 2-propyl-1 1-pentene, 2,3-jetyl-1-butene; 1 nonene; 1-decene; 1-undecene; For example, dodecene. From the viewpoint of copolymerizability, at least one selected from 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene is preferable, and 1-butene and / or 1-hexene is more preferable.
共重合体は、 ランダム共重合体であってもよいし、 ブロック共重合体であって ちょい。  The copolymer may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer.
好ましい共重合体として、 プロピレン一エチレン共重合体やプロピレン一 1一 ブテン共重合体を挙げることができる。 プロピ'レン一エチレン共重合体やプロピ レン一 1—ブテン共重合体におけるエチレンュニッ トの含量、 1—ブテンュニッ トの含量は、 たとえば 「高分子分析ハンドブック」 (1 9 9 5年、 紀伊国屋書店 発行) の第 6 1 6頁に記載されている方法により赤外線 (I R) スペク トル測定 を行い、 求めることができる。 Preferred copolymers include propylene monoethylene copolymer and propylene mono Mention may be made of butene copolymers. The ethylene unit content and 1-butene unit content in propylene-ethylene-ethylene copolymer and propylene- 1-butene copolymer are, for example, “Polymer Analysis Handbook” (published at Kinokuniya, 1959) Infrared (IR) spectrum measurement can be performed by the method described on page 6 16 of).
透明度や加工性を上げる観点からは、 プロピレンを主体とする任意の不飽和炭 化水素とのランダム共重合体を用いることが好ましい。 中でもエチレンとの共重 合体が好ましい。  From the viewpoint of increasing transparency and workability, it is preferable to use a random copolymer with any unsaturated hydrocarbon mainly composed of propylene. Of these, a copolymer with ethylene is preferred.
共重合体とする場合、 プロピレン以外の不飽和炭化水素類は、 その共重合割合 を 1〜 1 0重量%とするのが有利であり、より好ましい共重合割合は 3〜 重量。 /0 である。 プロピレン以外の不飽和炭化水素類のュニットを 1重量%以上とするこ とで、 加工性や透明性を上げる効果が出てくる傾向にある。 ただし、 その割合が 1 0重量%を超えると、樹脂の融点が下がり、耐熱性が悪くなる傾向にあるので、 好ましくない。 なお、 2種類以上のコモノマーをプロピレンと共重合させる場合 には、 得られた共重合体に含まれる全てのコモノマーに由来するユニットの合計 含量が、 上述した範囲内であることが好ましい。 When the copolymer is used, the unsaturated hydrocarbon other than propylene is advantageously 1 to 10% by weight of the copolymerization ratio, more preferably 3 to weight. / 0 . By making the unit of unsaturated hydrocarbons other than propylene 1% by weight or more, there is a tendency to improve the processability and transparency. However, if the ratio exceeds 10% by weight, the melting point of the resin tends to decrease and the heat resistance tends to deteriorate, which is not preferable. When two or more kinds of comonomers are copolymerized with propylene, the total content of units derived from all comonomers contained in the obtained copolymer is preferably within the above-mentioned range.
プロピレン樹脂は、 プロピレンを単独重合する方法、 プロピレンと他の共重合 性コモノマーとを共重合する方法などによって、 製造することができる。  The propylene resin can be produced by a method of homopolymerizing propylene, a method of copolymerizing propylene and another copolymerizable comonomer, or the like.
これらの方法には、 たとえば (1 ) マグネシウム、 チタンおよびハロゲンを必 須成分とする固体触媒成分からなるチタン一マグネシウム(T i一 M g )系触媒、 ( 2 ) マグネシウム、 チタンおよびハロゲンを必須成分とする固体触媒成分に、 有機アルミニゥム化合物と、 必要に応じて電子供与性化合物などの第三成分とを 組み合わせた触媒系、  These methods include, for example, (1) a titanium-magnesium (Ti i Mg) -based catalyst consisting of solid catalyst components containing magnesium, titanium and halogen as essential components, and (2) magnesium, titanium and halogen as essential components. A catalyst system in which an organic aluminum compound and, if necessary, a third component such as an electron-donating compound are combined,
( 3 ) メタロセン系触媒などの公知の重合用触媒を好適に用いることができる。 上述した触媒系の中でも、 マグネシウム、 チタンおよびハロゲンを必須成分と する固体触媒成分に、 有機アルミニゥム化合物と電子供与性化合物とを組み合わ せたものが、 最も一般的に使用される。 より具体的には、 有機アルミニウム化合 物として好ましくは、 トリェチルアルミニウム、 トリイソブチルアルミニウム、 トリェチルアルミニウムとジェチルアルミニウムクロライドとの混合物、 テトラ ェチルジアルモキサンなどが挙げられ、 電子供与性化合物として好ましくは、 シ クロへキシルェチルジメ トキシシラン、 t e r t _ブチルプロピルジメ トキシシ ラン、 t e r t—ブチルェチルジメ トキシシラン、 ジシクロペンチルジメ トキシ シランなどが挙げられる。 (3) A known polymerization catalyst such as a metallocene catalyst can be suitably used. Of the catalyst systems described above, the combination of an organic aluminum compound and an electron donating compound with a solid catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium and halogen as essential components is most commonly used. More specifically, organoaluminum compounds Preferably, the product includes triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, a mixture of triethylaluminum and jetylaluminum chloride, tetraethyldialumoxane, and the like, and the electron donating compound is preferably cyclohexylethyldimethoxysilane, tert_butylpropyldimethyoxysilane, tert-butylethyldimethyoxysilane, dicyclopentyldimethyoxysilane, and the like.
一方、 マグネシウム、 チタンおよびハロゲンを必須成分とする固体触媒成分と しては、 たとえば特開昭 61— 218606号公報、 特開昭 61— 287904 号公報、 特開平 7— 21601 7号公報などに記載の触媒系が挙げられ、 またメ タロセン系触媒としては、 たとえば特許第 2587251号公報、 特許第 262 7669号公報、特許第 2668732号公報などに記載の触媒系が挙げられる。 プロピレン樹脂は、 たとえばへキサン、 ヘプタン、 オクタン、 デカン、 シクロ へキサン、 メチルシクロへキサン、 ベンゼン、 トルエン、 キシレンなどの炭 ί匕水 素化合物に代表される不活性溶剤を用レ、る溶液重合法、 液状のモノマーを溶剤と して用いる塊状重合法、 気体のモノマーをそのまま重合させる気相重合法などに よって製造することができる。 これらの方法による重合は、 バッチ式で行っても よいし、 連続式で行ってもよレ、。  On the other hand, examples of solid catalyst components containing magnesium, titanium and halogen as essential components are described in, for example, JP-A-61-218606, JP-A-61-287904, JP-A-7-216017 and the like. In addition, examples of the metallocene catalyst include the catalyst systems described in Japanese Patent No. 2587251, Japanese Patent No. 262 7669, Japanese Patent No. 2668732, and the like. Propylene resin is a solution polymerization method that uses an inert solvent such as hexane, heptane, octane, decane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, and other inert solvents such as hydrocarbon compounds. It can be produced by a bulk polymerization method using a liquid monomer as a solvent, a gas phase polymerization method in which a gaseous monomer is polymerized as it is, and the like. Polymerization by these methods may be performed batchwise or continuously.
プロピレン樹脂の立体規則性は、 ァイソタクチック、 シンジオタクチック、 ァ タクチックのいずれであってもよい。 本発明においては、 耐熱性の点から、 シン ジオタクチックあるいはァイソタクチックのプロピレン樹脂が好ましく用いられ る。  The stereoregularity of the propylene resin may be any of isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic. In the present invention, syndiotactic or isotactic propylene resin is preferably used from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
本発明に用いられるプロピレン樹脂は、 J I S K 7210に準拠して、 温 度 230°C、 荷重 21. 18Nで測定されるメルトフローレート (MFR) 力 ^ 0. I〜200 g/10分、 とりわけ 0. 5〜50 g/10分の範囲にあるこ とが好ましい。 MFRがこの範囲にあるプロピレン榭脂を用いることにより、 押 出機に大きな負荷をかけることなく均一なフィルム状物を得ることができる。 プロピレン樹脂は、 本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲で、 公知の添加物が配合さ れていてもよい。 添加物としては、 たとえば酸化防止剤、 紫外線吸収剤、 帯電防 止剤、 滑剤、 造核剤、 防曇剤、 アンチブロッキング剤などを挙げることができる。 酸化防止剤には、 たとえばフエノール系酸化防止剤、 リン系酸化防止剤、 ィォゥ 系酸化防止剤、 ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤などがあり、 また、 1分子中にたと えばフエノール系の酸化防止機構とリン系の酸化防止機構とを併せ持つュニット を有する複合型の酸化防止剤も用いることができる。 紫外線吸収剤としては、 た とえば 2—ヒ ドロキシベンゾフエノン系、 ヒ ドロキシフエ二ノレべンゾトリァゾー ル系などの紫外線吸収剤、 ベンゾエート系の紫外線遮断剤などが挙げられる。 帯 電防止剤は、 ポリマー型、 オリゴマー型、 モノマー型のいずれであってもよい。 滑剤としては、 エル力酸アミ ドゃォレイン酸アミ ドなどの高級脂肪酸アミ ド、 ス テアリン酸などの高級脂肪酸およびその塩などが挙げられる。 造核剤としては、 . たとえばソルビト一ル系造核剤、 有機リン酸塩系造核剤、 ポリビエルシク口アル カンの如き高分子系造核剤などが挙げられる。 アンチプロッキング剤としては、 球状あるいはそれに近い形状の微粒子が、 無機系、 有機系を問わず使用できる。 これらの添加物は、 複数種が併用されてもよい。 The propylene resin used in the present invention has a melt flow rate (MFR) force measured at a temperature of 230 ° C and a load of 21.18 N in accordance with JISK 7210 ^ 0. I ~ 200 g / 10 min, especially 0 It is preferably in the range of 5-50 g / 10 min. By using propylene resin having an MFR within this range, a uniform film can be obtained without imposing a large load on the extruder. Propylene resin is blended with known additives as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It may be. Examples of the additive include an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, an antistatic agent, a lubricant, a nucleating agent, an antifogging agent, and an antiblocking agent. Antioxidants include, for example, phenolic antioxidants, phosphorus antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, hindered amine light stabilizers, etc. In addition, phenolic antioxidant mechanisms and phosphorous are included in one molecule. It is also possible to use a composite type antioxidant having a unit having an antioxidant mechanism of the system. Examples of the UV absorber include UV absorbers such as 2-hydroxybenzophenone-based and hydroxyphenenolebenzotriazole-based, and benzoate-based UV blockers. The antistatic agent may be any of a polymer type, an oligomer type, and a monomer type. Examples of the lubricant include higher fatty acid amides such as ergic acid amide oleate, higher fatty acids such as stearic acid, and salts thereof. Examples of the nucleating agent include: a sorbitol nucleating agent, an organic phosphate nucleating agent, and a polymer nucleating agent such as polyvinyl alcohol alkane. As an anti-procking agent, spherical or nearly fine particles can be used regardless of whether they are inorganic or organic. A plurality of these additives may be used in combination.
本発明では、 上述したようなプロピレン樹脂をフィルムに製膜し、 位相差フィ ルム用の原反として用いる。 たとえば、 溶融樹脂からの押出成形法、 有機溶剤に 溶解させた樹脂を平板上に流延し、 溶剤を除去して製膜する溶剤キャスト法など によって、 面内位相差が実質的にないプロピレン系樹脂フィルムを得ることがで きる。  In the present invention, the above-described propylene resin is formed into a film and used as a raw material for a retardation film. For example, a propylene-based system with virtually no in-plane retardation by extrusion molding from molten resin, solvent casting method in which a resin dissolved in an organic solvent is cast on a flat plate, and the solvent is removed to form a film. A resin film can be obtained.
押出成形によりフィルムを製造する方法について、 詳しく説明する。 プロピレ ン樹脂は、 押出機中でスクリューの回転によって溶融混練され、 Tダイからシー ト状に押出される。押出される溶融状シートの温度は、 1 8 0〜3 0 0 °Cである。 このときの溶融状シートの温度が 1 8 0 °Cを下回ると、 延展性が十分でなく、 得 られるフィルムの厚みが不均一になり、 位相差ムラのあるフィルムとなる可能性 がある。 また、 その温度が 3 0 0 °Cを超えると、 樹脂の劣化や分解が起こりやす く、 シート中に気泡が生じたり、 炭化物が含まれたりすることがある。 押出機は、 単軸押出機であっても 2軸押出機であってもよい。 たとえば単軸押 出機の場合は、スクリユーの長さ Lと直径 Dの比である LZDが 2 4〜3 6程度、 樹脂^^給部におけるねじ溝の空間容積と樹脂計量部におけるねじ溝の空間容積と の比 (前者 後者) である圧縮比が 1 . 5〜4程度であって、 フルフライ トタイ プノくリアタイプ、さらにマドック型の混練部分を有するタイプなどのスクリュー を用いることができる。 プロピレン榭脂の劣化や分解を抑制し、 均一に溶融混練 するとレヽぅ観点からは、 LZDが 2 8〜3 6で、 圧縮比が 2 . 5〜3 . 5である バリアタイプのスクリューを用いることが好ましい。 また、 プロピレン樹脂の劣 化や分解を可及的に抑制するため、 押出機内は、 窒素雰囲気または真空にするこ とが好ましい。 さらに、 プロピレン系樹脂が劣化したり分解したりすることで生 じる揮発ガスを取り除くため、 押出機の先端に直径 1〜5 mmのオリフィスを設 け、 押出機先端部分の樹脂圧力を高めることも好ましい。 オリフィスの押出機先 端部分の樹脂圧力を高めるとは、 先端での背圧を高めることを意味しており、 こ れにより押出の安定性を向上させることができる。 用いるオリフィスの直径は、 より好ましくは直径 2〜4 mmである。 The method for producing a film by extrusion will be described in detail. Propylene resin is melt-kneaded by rotation of the screw in the extruder and extruded from the T die into a sheet. The temperature of the extruded molten sheet is 180 to 300 ° C. If the temperature of the molten sheet at this time is less than 180 ° C., the spreadability is not sufficient, the thickness of the resulting film becomes non-uniform, and there is a possibility that the film has uneven retardation. When the temperature exceeds 300 ° C., the resin is easily deteriorated or decomposed, and bubbles may be formed in the sheet or carbides may be contained. The extruder may be a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder. For example, in the case of a single-screw extruder, the LZD, which is the ratio of the length L and the diameter D of the screw, is about 24 to 36, the space volume of the screw groove in the resin ^^ feed section and the screw groove in the resin metering section The compression ratio, which is the ratio to the space volume (the former and the latter), is about 1.5 to 4, and can be used as a full fly type rear screw type or a type having a Maddock type kneading part. Suppressing the degradation and decomposition of propylene resin, and uniformly melting and kneading, from the point of view, use a barrier type screw with LZD of 28-36 and compression ratio of 2.5-3.5. Is preferred. In order to suppress deterioration and decomposition of the propylene resin as much as possible, the inside of the extruder is preferably a nitrogen atmosphere or a vacuum. In addition, an orifice with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm is provided at the tip of the extruder to remove the volatile gas generated by the deterioration or decomposition of the propylene resin, thereby increasing the resin pressure at the tip of the extruder. Is also preferable. Increasing the resin pressure at the tip of the orifice extruder means increasing the back pressure at the tip, which can improve the stability of extrusion. The diameter of the orifice used is more preferably 2 to 4 mm in diameter.
押出に使用される Tダイは、 樹脂の流路表面に微小な段差や傷のないものが好 ましく、 また、 そのリップ部分は、 溶融したプロピレン系樹脂との摩擦係数の小 さい材料でめっきまたはコーティングされ、 さらにリップ先端が直径 0 . 3 mm 以下に研磨されたシャープなエッジ形状のものが好ましい。 摩擦係数の小さい材 料としては、 タングステンカーバイド系やフッ素系の特殊めつきなどが挙げられ る。 このような Tダイを用いることにより、 目ャ二の発生を抑制でき、 同時にダ イラインを抑制できるので、 外観の均一性に優れる樹脂フィルムが得られる。 こ の Tダイは、 マ二ホールドがコートハンガー形状であって、 かつ以下の条件(1 ) または (2 ) を満たすことが好ましく、 さらには条件 (3 ) または (4 ) を満た すことがより好ましい。  The T-die used for extrusion is preferably one that does not have minute steps or scratches on the surface of the resin flow path, and its lip portion is plated with a material having a low coefficient of friction with the molten propylene resin. Alternatively, a sharp edge shape that is coated and further polished to a lip tip of 0.3 mm or less in diameter is preferable. Examples of materials with a small friction coefficient include tungsten carbide-based and fluorine-based special plating. By using such a T-die, it is possible to suppress the generation of eyes and simultaneously suppress the die line, so that a resin film having excellent appearance uniformity can be obtained. In this T-die, the manifold has a coat hanger shape and preferably satisfies the following condition (1) or (2), and more preferably satisfies the condition (3) or (4). preferable.
•条件 ( 1 )  •Condition 1 )
Tダイのリップ幅が 1 5 0 0 mm未満のとき : Tダイの厚み方向長さ > 1 8 0 mm When the lip width of the T die is less than 1500 mm: Length in the thickness direction of the T die> 1 80 mm
,条件 (2 )  , Condition (2)
Tダイのリップ幅が 1 5 0 0 mm以上のとき : Tダイの厚み方向長さ > 2 2 0 mm  When the lip width of the T die is 1500 mm or greater: Length in the thickness direction of the T die> 2 20 mm
,条件 (3 )  , Condition (3)
Tダイのリップ幅が 1 5 0 0 mm未満のとき : Tダイの高さ方向長さ > 2 5 0 mm  When the lip width of the T die is less than 1500 mm: Length in the height direction of the T die> 2 500 mm
•条件 (4 )  • Condition (4)
Tダイのリップ幅が 1 5 0 0 mm以上のとき : Tダイの高さ方向長さ > 2 8 0 mm  When the lip width of the T die is 1500 mm or more: Length of the T die height direction> 2 80 mm
このような条件を満たす Tダイを用いることにより、 Tダイ内部での溶融状プ ロピレン樹脂の流れを整えることができ、 かつ、 リップ部分でも厚みムラを抑え ながら押出すことができるため、 より厚み精度に優れ、 位相差のより均一な保護 フィルムを得ることができる。  By using a T-die that satisfies these conditions, the flow of molten propylene resin inside the T-die can be adjusted, and the lip can be extruded while suppressing thickness unevenness. A protective film with excellent accuracy and more uniform retardation can be obtained.
プロピレン樹脂の押出変動を抑制する観点から、 押出機と Tダイとの間にァダ プターを介してギアポンプを取り付けることが好ましい。 また、 プロピレン樹脂 中にある異物を取り除くため、 リーフディスクフィルターを取り付けることが好 ましい。  From the viewpoint of suppressing the fluctuation of propylene resin extrusion, it is preferable to attach a gear pump between the extruder and the T-die via an adapter. It is also preferable to install a leaf disc filter to remove foreign substances in the propylene resin.
Tダイから押出された溶融状シートは、 金属製冷却ロール (チルロールまたは キャスティングロールともいう) と、 その金属製冷却ロールの周方向に圧接して 回転する弾性体を含むタツチロールとの間に、 挟圧させて冷却固化することで、 所望のフィルムを得ることができる。 この際、 タツチロールは、 ゴムなどの弾性 体がそのまま表面となっているものでもよいし、弾性体ロールの表面を金属スリー ブからなる外筒で被覆したものでもよレ、。  The molten sheet extruded from the T-die is sandwiched between a metal cooling roll (also referred to as a chill roll or a casting roll) and a touch roll including an elastic body that rotates by pressing in the circumferential direction of the metal cooling roll. By pressing and solidifying by cooling, a desired film can be obtained. At this time, the touch roll may be an elastic body such as rubber, or the surface of the elastic roll covered with an outer cylinder made of a metal sleeve.
弾性体ロールの表面が金属スリーブからなる外筒で被覆されたタツチロールを 用いる場合は通常、 金属製冷却ロールとタツチロールの間に、 プロピレン樹脂の 溶融状シートを直接挟んで冷却する。一方、表面が弾性体となっているタツチロー ルを用いる場合は、 プロピレン樹脂の溶融状シートとタツチロールの間に熱可塑 性樹脂の二軸延伸フィルムを介在させて挟圧することもできる。 When a touch roll whose surface is covered with an outer cylinder made of a metal sleeve is used, the molten roll of propylene resin is directly sandwiched between the metal cooling roll and the touch roll for cooling. On the other hand, the surface is an elastic body. In the case of using a resin, a biaxially stretched film of a thermoplastic resin may be interposed between the molten sheet of propylene resin and the touch roll, and may be sandwiched.
プロピレン榭脂の溶融状シートを、 上述した冷却口ールとタツチロールとで挟 んで冷却固化させるにあたり、 冷却ロールとタツチロールは、 いずれもその表面 温度を低くしておき、 溶融状シートを急冷させてやる必要がある。 具体的には、 両ロールの表面温度が 0〜 3 0°Cの範囲に調整される。これらの表面温度が 3 0 °C を超えると、 溶融状シートの冷却固化に時間がかかるため、 プロピレン樹脂中の 結晶成分が成長してしまレ、、 得られるフィルムは透明性に劣るものとなる虞があ る。 一方、 ロールの表面温度が 0 °C未満であると、 金属製冷却ロールの表面が結 露して水滴が付着し、 フィルムの外観を悪化させる傾向が出てくる。  When the molten sheet of propylene resin is sandwiched between the above-mentioned cooling port and the touch roll and solidified by cooling, both the cooling roll and the touch roll have their surface temperatures lowered, and the molten sheet is rapidly cooled. I need to do it. Specifically, the surface temperature of both rolls is adjusted to a range of 0 to 30 ° C. When these surface temperatures exceed 30 ° C, it takes time to cool and solidify the molten sheet, so the crystal component in the propylene resin grows, and the resulting film is inferior in transparency. There is a fear. On the other hand, if the surface temperature of the roll is less than 0 ° C, the surface of the metal cooling roll will dew and water droplets will adhere to it, which tends to deteriorate the appearance of the film.
使用する金属製冷却ロールは、 その表面状態がプロピレン樹脂フィルム表面に 転写されるため、 その表面に凹凸がある場合には、 得られるプロピレン樹脂フィ ルムの厚み精度を低下させる可能性がある。 そこで、 金属製冷却ロールの表面は 可能な限り鏡面状態であることが好ましい。 具体的には、 金属製冷却ロールの表 面の粗度は、 最大高さの標準数列で表して 0 . 3 S以下であることが好ましく、 さらには 0 . 1〜0 . 2 Sであることがより好ましい。  Since the surface state of the metal cooling roll used is transferred to the surface of the propylene resin film, if the surface is uneven, the thickness accuracy of the resulting propylene resin film may be reduced. Therefore, it is preferable that the surface of the metal cooling roll be in a mirror surface state as much as possible. Specifically, the roughness of the surface of the metal cooling roll is preferably 0.3 S or less in terms of the standard sequence of maximum height, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.2 S. Is more preferable.
金属製冷却ロールとニップ部分を形成するタツチロールは、 その弾性体におけ る表面硬度が、 J I S K 6 3 0 1に規定されるスプリング式硬さ試験(A形) で測定される値として 6 5〜8 0であることが好ましく、 さらには 7 0〜8 0で あることがより好ましレ、。このような表面硬度のゴムロールを用いることにより、 溶融状シートにかかる線圧を均一に維持することが容易となり、 かつ、 金属製冷 却ロールとタツチロールとの間に溶融状シートのバンク (樹脂溜り) を作ること なくフィルムに成形することが容易となる。  The touch roll that forms the nip part with the metal cooling roll has a surface hardness of 65-5 as the value measured by the spring-type hardness test (A type) specified in JISK 6300. 80 is preferable, and 70 to 80 is more preferable. By using a rubber roll having such a surface hardness, it becomes easy to maintain a uniform linear pressure applied to the molten sheet, and a bank of molten sheet (resin pool) is provided between the metal cooling roll and the touch roll. It becomes easy to form into a film without making.
溶融状シートを挟圧するときの圧力(線圧)は、金属製冷却ロールに対してタツ チロールを押し付ける圧力により決まる。 線圧は、 5 0〜3 0 O NZ c mとする のが好ましく、 さらには 1 0 0〜2 5 O N/ c mとするのがより好ましレ、。 線圧 を前記範囲とすることにより、 バンクを形成することなく、 一定の線圧を維持し ながらプロピレン樹脂フィルムを製造することが容易となる。 The pressure (linear pressure) when sandwiching the molten sheet is determined by the pressure with which the touch roll is pressed against the metal cooling roll. The linear pressure is preferably 50 to 30 O NZ cm, more preferably 100 to 25 ON / cm. By setting the linear pressure within the above range, a constant linear pressure can be maintained without forming a bank. However, it becomes easy to produce a propylene resin film.
金属製冷却ロールとタツチロールの間で、 プロピレン樹脂の溶融状シートとと もに熱可塑性樹脂の二軸延伸フィルムを挟圧する場合、 この二軸延伸フィルムを 構成する熱可塑性榭脂は、 プロピレン樹脂と強固に熱融着しない樹脂であればよ く、 具体的には、 ポリエステル、 ポリアミ ド、 ポリ塩化ビュル、 ポリビニルアル コール、 エチレン一ビニルアルコール共重合体、 ポリアタリロニトリルなどを挙 げることができる。 これらの中でも、 湿度や熱などによる寸法変化の少ないポリ エステルが最も好ましい。 この場合の二軸延伸フィルムの厚さは、 通常 5〜5 0 z m程度であり、 好ましくは 1 0〜3 O /z mである。  When a biaxially stretched film of a thermoplastic resin is sandwiched between a metal cooling roll and a touch roll together with a molten sheet of propylene resin, the thermoplastic resin constituting the biaxially stretched film is composed of a propylene resin and Any resin that does not strongly heat-seal can be used. Specific examples include polyester, polyamide, polychlorinated butyl, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and polyatalonitrile. it can. Of these, polyesters that undergo little dimensional change due to humidity, heat, etc. are most preferred. In this case, the thickness of the biaxially stretched film is usually about 5 to 50 zm, preferably 10 to 3 O / zm.
この方法において、 Tダイのリップから金属製冷却ロールとタツチロールとで 挟圧されるまでの距離(エアギャップ) を 2 0 O mm以下とすることが好ましく、 さらには 1 6 O mm以下とすることがより好ましい。 Tダイから押出された溶融 状シートは、 リップからロールまでの間引き伸ばされて、配向が生じやすくなる。 エアギャップを上記の如く短くすることで、 配向のより小さいフィルムを得るこ とができる。 エアギャップの下限値は、 使用する金属製冷却ロールの径とタツチ ロールの径、 および使用するリップの先端形状により決定され、 通常 5 O mm以 上である。  In this method, the distance from the lip of the T die to the pressure between the metal cooling roll and the touch roll (air gap) is preferably 20 O mm or less, and more preferably 16 O mm or less. Is more preferable. The molten sheet extruded from the T-die is stretched from the lip to the roll, and orientation tends to occur. By shortening the air gap as described above, a film having a smaller orientation can be obtained. The lower limit of the air gap is determined by the diameter of the metal cooling roll used and the diameter of the touch roll, and the tip shape of the lip used, and is usually 5 O mm or more.
この方法でプロピレン樹脂フィルムを製造するときの加工速度は、 溶融状シー トを冷却固化するために必要な時間により決定される。 使用する金属製冷却口一 ルの径が大きくなると'、 溶融状シートがその冷却ロールと接触している距離が長 くなるため、 より高速での製造が可能となる。 具体的には、 直径 6 0 0 mmの金 属製冷却ロールを用いる場合、 加工速度は、 最大で 5〜2 O mZ分程度となる。 金属製冷却ロールとタツチロールとの間で挟圧された溶融状シートは、 ロール との接触により冷却固化する。 そして、 必要に応じて端部をスリットした後、 卷 取り機に卷き取られてフィルムとなる。 この際、 フィルムを使用するまでの間そ の表面を保護するために、 その片面または両面に別の熱可塑性樹脂からなる表面 保護フィルムを貼り合わせた状態で巻き取ってもよい。 プロピレン樹脂の溶融状 シートを熱可塑性樹脂からなる二軸延伸フィルムとともに金属製冷却ローノレとタッ チロールとの間で挟圧した場合には、その二軸延伸フィルムを一方の表面保護フィ ルムとすることもできる。 The processing speed when producing a propylene resin film by this method is determined by the time required to cool and solidify the molten sheet. When the diameter of the metal cooling port used is increased, the distance at which the molten sheet is in contact with the cooling roll becomes longer, so that production at a higher speed becomes possible. Specifically, when a metal cooling roll having a diameter of 600 mm is used, the processing speed is about 5 to 2 OmZ at maximum. The molten sheet sandwiched between the metal cooling roll and the touch roll is cooled and solidified by contact with the roll. Then, after slitting the edge as necessary, it is scraped off by a scraper to form a film. At this time, in order to protect the surface until the film is used, it may be wound in a state where a surface protective film made of another thermoplastic resin is bonded to one side or both sides. Propylene resin melt When the sheet is sandwiched between a metallic cooling roll and a touch roll together with a biaxially stretched film made of a thermoplastic resin, the biaxially stretched film can be used as one surface protective film.
本発明における第一複合偏光板に用レヽられる第一位相差板は、上述したように、 面内の位相差値 R。が 90〜200 nmの範囲内である。第一位相差板の面内の位 相差値 R。がこの範囲を外れると、それを装着した液晶表示装置の視野角特性が悪 くなる。 なお、本発明における第一位相差板の面内の位相差値 R。は、 自動複屈折 測定装置 KOBRA—21 ADH (王子計測機器 (株) 製) を用いて測定された 値を指す。 この自動複屈折測定装置 KOBRA— 21 ADHは、 面内の位相差値 R0とともに、厚み方向の位相差値 Rth、 Nz係数、面内遅相軸方向の屈折率 nx、 面内進相軸方向の屈折率 nyおよび厚み方向の屈折率 nzを、同時に測定し、表示 できるようになつている。  As described above, the first retardation plate used in the first composite polarizing plate of the present invention has an in-plane retardation value R. Is in the range of 90-200 nm. In-plane retardation value R of the first retardation plate. If the value is out of this range, the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device on which it is mounted will deteriorate. The in-plane retardation value R of the first retardation plate in the present invention. Indicates a value measured using an automatic birefringence measuring device KOBRA-21 ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments). This automatic birefringence measuring device KOBRA-21 ADH has in-plane retardation value R0, thickness direction retardation value Rth, Nz coefficient, in-plane slow axis direction refractive index nx, in-plane phase advance axis direction The refractive index ny and the refractive index nz in the thickness direction can be measured and displayed simultaneously.
本発明における第一複合偏光板に用いられる第一位相差板は、 さらこ、 フィル ムの面内遅相軸方向の屈折率を nx、 フィルムの面内進相軸方向の屈折率を n y、 フィルムの厚み方向の屈折率を nzとしたときに下式で定義される Nz係数が 0. 90〜1. 10の範囲内にあることも特徴の 1つとする。  The first retardation plate used in the first composite polarizing plate according to the present invention has a refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film nx, a refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film ny, One of the features is that the Nz coefficient defined by the following formula is in the range of 0.90 to 1.10, where nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film.
Nz係 = (nx— nz / \ η χ— n y)  Nz member = (nx— nz / \ η χ— n y)
本発明に用いられる第一位相差板は、 上述したとおり完全一軸性であることを 目指しているため、 その Nz係数が 0. 90〜1. 10の範囲内となるようにす る。 延伸により Nz係数が 0. 90を下回るフィルムを作成することは難しい。 一方、 Nz係数が 1. 10を超える場合には、 それを装着した液晶表示装置のコ ントラスト視野角が低下する。 なお、 本発明における第一位相差板のフィルムの 面内遅相軸方向の屈折率 nx、面内進相軸方向の屈折率 ny、厚み方向の屈折率 nz および Nz係数は、 上述したとおり、 たとえば自動複屈折測定装置 KOBRA— 21 ADH (王子計測機器 (株) 製) を用いて測定された値を指す。  Since the first retardation plate used in the present invention aims to be completely uniaxial as described above, its Nz coefficient is set within the range of 0.90 to 1.10. It is difficult to produce a film whose Nz coefficient is less than 0.90 by stretching. On the other hand, when the Nz coefficient exceeds 1.10, the contrast viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device on which the Nz coefficient is mounted decreases. The refractive index nx in the in-plane slow axis direction, the refractive index ny in the in-plane fast axis direction, the refractive index nz in the thickness direction, and the Nz coefficient of the film of the first retardation plate in the present invention are as described above. For example, the value measured using an automatic birefringence measuring device KOBRA-21 ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
また、 本発明における第一複合偏光板に用いられる偏光板としては、 当分野で 一般に用いられているものであることができ、 たとえばポリビエルアルコール樹 脂に二色性色素 (ヨウ素、 二色性有機染料など) が吸着配向された直線偏光フィ ルムの両面または片面に、 トリァセチルセルロース樹脂、 環状シクロォレフイン 樹脂、 鎖状シクロォレフィン樹脂などの樹脂フィルムからなる保護層を積層した 構造が一般的に用いられる。 図 1には、 直線偏光フィルム 5の両面に保護層 6, 7が設けられた偏光板 2を用いた場合が示されており、 また、 図 2には、 直線偏 光フィルム 5の片面 (第一位相差板 3が積層された側とは反対側の面) に保護層 6が設けられた偏光板 1 2を用いた場合が示されている。 In addition, the polarizing plate used for the first composite polarizing plate in the present invention can be one generally used in the art, such as polyvinyl alcohol resin. It consists of a resin film such as triacetyl cellulose resin, cyclic cycloolefin resin, and linear cycloolefin resin on both sides or one side of a linear polarizing film in which dichroic dye (iodine, dichroic organic dye, etc.) is adsorbed and oriented to fat. A structure in which a protective layer is laminated is generally used. FIG. 1 shows the case where a polarizing plate 2 having protective layers 6 and 7 provided on both sides of the linear polarizing film 5 is used. FIG. 2 shows one side of the linear polarizing film 5 A case is shown in which a polarizing plate 12 having a protective layer 6 provided on the surface opposite to the side on which the one phase difference plate 3 is laminated is used.
本発明における第一複合偏光板は、 第一位相差板の遅相軸方向と偏光板の吸収 軸方向とが 8 0〜1 0 0 ° の角度で交差するように配置された状態で、 第一位相 差板と偏光板とが積層される。 第一位相差板の遅相軸方向と偏光板の吸収軸方向 とが成す角度がこの範囲を外れると、 .それを装着した液晶表示装置が黒表示時に 光漏れを生じてコントラスト比を低下させ、 また色ムラを生じやすくなる。 より 高いコントラスト比ゃ色ムラの低減という観点からは、 第一位相差板の遅相軸方 向と偏光板の吸収軸方向とが成す角度は、 8 5〜9 5 ° の範囲内であることが好 ましく、 8 9〜9 1 ° の範囲内であることがより好ましい。  In the first composite polarizing plate of the present invention, the first retardation plate is disposed so that the slow axis direction of the first retardation plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate intersect at an angle of 80 to 100 °. A phase difference plate and a polarizing plate are laminated. If the angle formed by the slow axis direction of the first retardation plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate is out of this range, the liquid crystal display device on which the first retardation plate is placed will leak light during black display, reducing the contrast ratio. Further, color unevenness is likely to occur. From the standpoint of reducing color unevenness with a higher contrast ratio, the angle formed by the slow axis direction of the first retardation plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate must be within the range of 85 to 95 °. It is more preferable that it is within the range of 89 ° to 91 °.
第一複合偏光板 1, 1 1における第一位相差板 3の偏光板 2, 1 2に隣接する 側とは反対側に形成される感圧性接着剤 (粘着剤) 層 4としては、 従来から液晶 表示装置用に用いられてきた種々の感圧性接着剤、 たとえばアクリル、 ゴム、 ゥ レタン、 シリコーン、 ポリビュルエーテルなどの感圧'性接着剤を用いて形成する ことができ、 中でも透明性、 耐候性、 耐熱性などに優れるアクリル榭脂をベース ポリマーとした粘着剤が好適である。  The pressure-sensitive adhesive (adhesive) layer 4 formed on the side opposite to the side adjacent to the polarizing plates 2 and 1 2 of the first retardation plate 3 in the first composite polarizing plates 1 and 1 1 has been conventionally used. It can be formed using various pressure-sensitive adhesives that have been used for liquid crystal display devices, such as pressure-sensitive adhesives such as acrylic, rubber, urethane, silicone, and polybutyl ether. Adhesives based on acrylic resin having excellent weather resistance and heat resistance as a base polymer are suitable.
アクリル系感圧性接着剤は特に制限されるものではないが、 (メタ) アクリル 酸ブチル、 (メタ) アクリル酸ェチル、 (メタ) アクリル酸イソォクチル、 (メ タ) アクリル酸 2 _ェチルへキシルのような (メタ) アクリル酸エステルベース ポリマーや、 これらの (メタ) アクリル酸エステルなどを 2種類以上用いた共重 合ベースポリマーが好適に用いられる。 さらに、 これらのベースポリマー中に極 性モノマーが共重合されている。 極性モノマーとしては、 たとえば (メタ) ァク リル酸、 (メタ) アクリル酸 2—ヒ ドロキシプロピル、 (メタ) アクリル酸ヒ ド 口キシェチル、 (メタ) アクリルアミ ド、 N, N—ジメチルアミノエチル (メタ) アタリレート、 グリシジル (メタ) アタリレートのような、 カルボキシ基、 水酸 基、 アミ ド基、 アミノ基、 エポキシ基などの官能基を有するモノマーを挙げるこ とができる。 The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is not particularly limited, but (meth) butyl acrylate, (meth) ethyl acrylate, (meth) isooctyl acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid 2_ethylhexyl, etc. A (meth) acrylic acid ester-based polymer or a copolymer base polymer using two or more of these (meth) acrylic acid esters is preferably used. Furthermore, polar monomers are copolymerized in these base polymers. Examples of polar monomers include (meth) alk Rylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid 2-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid hydrated mouth chechtil, (meth) acrylic amide, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, glycidyl (meth) atari Examples thereof include monomers having a functional group such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an amino group, and an epoxy group.
これらのアクリル感圧性接着剤は、 単独でも勿論使用可能であるが、 通常は架 橋剤が併用される。 架橋剤としては、 2価または多価の金属塩であって、 カルボ キシル基との間で力ルボン酸金属塩を形成するもの、ポリアミン化合物であって、 カルボキシル基との間でアミ ド結合を形成するもの、 ポリエポキシ化合物やポリ オール化合物であって、 カルボキシル基との間でエステル結合を形成するもの、 ポリイソシァネート化合物であって、 カルボキシル基との間でアミ ド結合を形成 するものなどが例示される。 中でも、 ポリイソシァネート化合物が、 有機系架橋 剤として広く使用されている。  These acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives can of course be used alone, but usually a crosslinking agent is used in combination. The cross-linking agent is a divalent or polyvalent metal salt that forms a strong rubonic acid metal salt with a carboxyl group, or a polyamine compound that forms an amide bond with a carboxyl group. Formed, a polyepoxy compound or a polyol compound, which forms an ester bond with a carboxyl group, a polyisocyanate compound, which forms an amide bond with a carboxyl group Etc. are exemplified. Of these, polyisocyanate compounds are widely used as organic crosslinking agents.
感圧性接着剤組成物には、 上述したベースポリマーおよび架橋剤のほか、 必要 に応じて、 感圧性接着剤の粘着力、 凝集力、 粘性、 弾性率、 ガラス転移温度など を調整するために、 たとえば天然物や合成物である樹脂類、 粘着性付与樹脂、 酸 化防止剤、 紫外線吸収剤、 染料、 顔料、 消泡剤、 腐食抑制剤、 光重合開始剤など の適宜の添加剤を配合することもできる。 さらに微粒子を含有させて、 光散乱性 を示す感圧性接着剤層とすることもできる。  In addition to the base polymer and cross-linking agent described above, the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition can be used to adjust the pressure-sensitive adhesive's adhesive strength, cohesive strength, viscosity, elastic modulus, glass transition temperature, etc. For example, appropriate additives such as natural and synthetic resins, tackifier resins, antioxidants, UV absorbers, dyes, pigments, antifoaming agents, corrosion inhibitors, photopolymerization initiators, etc. You can also. Further, fine particles can be contained to form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer exhibiting light scattering properties.
感圧性接着剤層の厚みは 1〜3 0 μ πιであることが好ましく、 5〜2 5 μ ιηで あることがより好ましい。 感圧性接着剤層が薄すぎると粘着性が低下し、 厚すぎ ると感圧性接着剤がはみ出すなどの不具合を生じ易くなる。  The thickness of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is preferably 1 to 30 μπι, and more preferably 5 to 25 μιη. If the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is too thin, the tackiness is reduced, and if it is too thick, problems such as the pressure-sensitive adhesive sticking out easily occur.
なお、 感圧性接着剤層を第一位相差板 3上に形成する方法としては特に制限さ れるものではなく、 第一位相差板 3の感圧性接着剤層を形成するべき面に、 上記 したベースポリマーをはじめとする各成分を含む溶液を塗布し、 乾燥して感圧性 接着剤層を形成した後、 シリコーンなどの離型処理が施されているセパレータを 積層して得てもよいし、 セパレータ上に感圧性接着剤層を形成した後、 第一位相 差板 3に転写して積層してもよい。 また、 感圧性接着剤層を偏光フィルムに形成 する際には、 必要に応じて第一位相差板および感圧性接着剤層の少なくとも一方 に密着処理、 たとえばコロナ処理などを施してもよレ、。 なお、 形成された感圧性 接着剤層の表面は通常、 離型処理が施されたセパレータフイルムで保護されてお り、 セパレータフイルムは、 後述するように本発明の複合偏光板セットを液晶セ ルへ貼合する前に剥がされる。 ' The method for forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the first retardation plate 3 is not particularly limited, and the surface on which the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the first retardation plate 3 is to be formed is described above. After applying a solution containing each component including the base polymer and drying to form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, it may be obtained by laminating a separator that has been subjected to a release treatment such as silicone, After forming the pressure sensitive adhesive layer on the separator, the first phase It may be transferred to the difference plate 3 and laminated. In addition, when forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the polarizing film, if necessary, at least one of the first retardation plate and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be subjected to an adhesion treatment, such as a corona treatment. . The surface of the formed pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is usually protected by a separator film that has been subjected to a release treatment, and the separator film is composed of a liquid crystal cell as described later. It is peeled off before pasting. '
本発明における第一複合偏光板において、 偏光フィルムと保護層との貼り合わ せ、 あるいは、 偏光フィルムまたは保護層と第一位相差板との貼り合わせには、 たとえばエポキシ樹脂、 ウレタン樹脂、 シァノアクリレート榭脂、 アクリルアミ ド榭脂などを成分とする接着剤を用いることができる。 接着剤層を薄くする観点 力 ら好ましい接着剤として、 水系の接着剤、 すなわち、 接着剤成分を水に溶解し たものまたは水に分散させたものを挙げることができる。 また、 別の好ましい接 着剤として、 無溶剤型の接着剤、 具体的には、 加熱や活性エネルギー線の照射に よりモノマーまたはオリゴマーを反応硬化させて接着剤層を形成するものを挙げ ることができる。  In the first composite polarizing plate of the present invention, for example, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, or a cyan resin may be used for bonding the polarizing film and the protective layer, or for bonding the polarizing film or protective layer and the first retardation plate. Adhesives composed of acrylate resin, acrylic acid resin and the like can be used. From the viewpoint of reducing the thickness of the adhesive layer, a preferable adhesive is an aqueous adhesive, that is, an adhesive component dissolved in water or dispersed in water. Another preferable adhesive is a solventless adhesive, specifically, an adhesive layer that is formed by reaction-curing a monomer or oligomer by heating or irradiation with active energy rays. Can do.
水系の接着剤となり得る接着剤成分としては、 たとえば水溶性の架橋性ェポキ シ樹脂、 ウレタン樹脂などを挙げることができる。 水溶性の架橋性エポキシ樹脂 としては、 たとえば、 ジエチレントリァミン、 トリエチレンテトラミンなどのポ リアルキレンポリアミンと、 アジピン酸などのジカルボン酸との反応で得られる ポリアミ ドポリアミンに、 ェピクロロヒ ドリンを反応させて得られるポリアミ ド エポキシ榭脂を挙げることができる。 このようなポリアミ ドエポキシ樹脂の市販 品としては、具体的には、スミレーズレジン 6 5 0 (住化ケムテックス (株)製)、 スミレーズレジン 6 7 5 (住化ケムテックス (株) 製) などが挙げられる。  Examples of the adhesive component that can be a water-based adhesive include water-soluble cross-linkable epoxy resins and urethane resins. As water-soluble crosslinkable epoxy resin, for example, polyalkylene polyamine obtained by reaction of polyalkylene polyamine such as diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine and dicarboxylic acid such as adipic acid is allowed to react with epichlorohydrin. Mention may be made of the polyamide epoxy resin obtained. Specific examples of such commercially available polyamide epoxy resins include Sumire's Resin 650 (manufactured by Sumika Chemtex Co., Ltd.), Sumire's Resin 675 (manufactured by Sumika Chemtex Co., Ltd.), and the like. Can be mentioned.
接着剤成分として水溶性のエポキシ樹脂を用いる場合は、 さらに塗工性と接着 性を向上させるために、 ポリビニルアルコール樹脂などの他の水溶性樹脂を混合 するのが好ましい。ポリビニルアルコール樹脂は、部分ケン化ポリビニルアルコー ル、 完全ケン化ポリ ビニルアルコールのほか、 カルボキシル基変性ポリビエルァ ルコール、 ァセトァセチル基変性ポリビニルアルコール、 メチロール基変性ポリ ビニルアルコール、 アミノ基変性ポリビニルアルコールのような、 変性されたポ リビニルアルコール系樹脂であってもよい。 中でも、 酢酸ビュルと不飽和カルボ ン酸またはその塩との共重合体のケン化物、 すなわち、 カルボキシル基変性ポリ ビニルアルコールが好ましく用いられる。 なお、 ここでいう 「カルボキシル基」 とは、 一C O O Hおよびその塩を含む概念である。 カルボキシル基変性ポリビニ ルアルコールの市販品としては、具体的には、クラレポバール K L一 5 0 6 ( (株) クラレ製) 、 クラレポバール K L— 3 1 8 ( (株) クラレ製) 、 クラレポバール K L - 1 1 8 ( (株) クラレ製) 、 ゴーセナール T—3 3 0 (日本合成化学工業 (株) 製) 、 ゴーセナール T一 3 5 0 (日本合成化学工業 (株) 製) 、 D R—0 4 1 5 (電気化学工業 (株) 製) 、 A F— 1 7 (日本酢ビ ·ポバール (株) 製) 、 A T— 1 7 (日本酢ビ.ポバール (株) 製) 、 A P—1 7 (日本酢ビ.ポバール (株) 製) などが挙げられる。 When a water-soluble epoxy resin is used as the adhesive component, it is preferable to mix other water-soluble resins such as a polyvinyl alcohol resin in order to further improve the coatability and adhesiveness. Polyvinyl alcohol resins include partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol, fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol, and carboxyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol. It may be a modified polyvinyl alcohol-based resin such as alcohol, acetoacetyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, methylol-group-modified polyvinyl alcohol, or amino-group-modified polyvinyl alcohol. Among them, a saponified product of a copolymer of butyl acetate and unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, that is, carboxyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol is preferably used. As used herein, the term “carboxyl group” is a concept including one COOH and its salt. Specific examples of commercially available products of carboxyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol include Kuraray Poval KL 156 (Kuraray Co., Ltd.), Kuraray Poval KL-3 1 8 (Kuraray Co., Ltd.), Kuraray Poval KL -1 1 8 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), GOHSENAL T-3 30 (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), GOHSENAL T 1 350 (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), DR-0-4 1 5 (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), AF—17 (manufactured by Nippon Vinegar Poval Co., Ltd.), AT—17 (manufactured by Nippon Vinegar Pover Co., Ltd.), AP—17 (Japan) Vinegar and Poval Co., Ltd.).
水溶性のェポキシ樹脂を含む接着剤とする場合、 そのェポキシ樹脂および必要 に応じて加えられるポリビュルアルコール樹脂などの他の水溶性樹脂を水に溶解 して、 接着剤溶液を構成する。 この場合、 水溶性のエポキシ樹脂は、 水 1 0 0重 量部あたり 0 . 2〜 2重量部の範囲の濃度とするのが好ましい。 また、 ポリビニ ルアルコール系樹脂を配合する場合、 その量は、 水 1 0 0重量部あたり 1〜1 0 重量部、 さらには 1〜 5重量部とすることが好ましい。  When an adhesive containing a water-soluble epoxy resin is used, an adhesive solution is prepared by dissolving the epoxy resin and other water-soluble resin such as polybulal alcohol resin added as necessary in water. In this case, the water-soluble epoxy resin preferably has a concentration in the range of 0.2 to 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water. Further, when the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is blended, the amount is preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water.
一方、 ウレタン樹脂を含む水系の接着剤を用いる場合、 適当なウレタン樹脂の 例として、 アイオノマー型のウレタン樹脂、 特にポリエステルアイオノマー型ゥ レタン榭脂を挙げることができる。 ここで、 アイオノマー型とは、 骨格を構成す るウレタン榭脂中に、少量のイオン性成分(親水成分) が導入されたものである。 また、 ポリエステルアイオノマー型ウレタン樹脂とは、 ポリエステル骨格を有す るウレタン樹脂であって、 その中に少量のイオン性成分 (親水成分) が導入され たものである。力かるアイオノマー型ウレタン樹脂は、乳化剤を使用せずに直接、 水中で乳化してェマルジヨンとなるため、 水系の接着剤として好適である。 ポリ エステルアイオノマー型ウレタン樹脂の市販品としては、 具体的には、 いずれも ェマルジヨンの形態であるハイドラン A P— 2 0 (大日本インキ化学工業 (株) 製) 、 ハイドラン A P X— 1 0 1 H (大日本インキ化学工業 (株) 製) などが挙 げられる。 On the other hand, when an aqueous adhesive containing a urethane resin is used, examples of suitable urethane resins include ionomer type urethane resins, particularly polyester ionomer type urethane resins. Here, the ionomer type is obtained by introducing a small amount of an ionic component (hydrophilic component) into the urethane resin constituting the skeleton. The polyester ionomer type urethane resin is a urethane resin having a polyester skeleton, into which a small amount of an ionic component (hydrophilic component) is introduced. The strong ionomer-type urethane resin is emulsified directly in water without using an emulsifier and becomes emulsion, so it is suitable as an aqueous adhesive. Poly Specific examples of commercially available ester ionomer-type urethane resins include Hydran AP—20 (produced by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd.) and Hydran APX—10 1 H (Dainippon). Ink Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
アイオノマー型のウレタン樹脂を接着剤成分とする場合、 通常はさらにイソシ ァネートなどの架橋剤を配合するのが好ましい。 イソシァネート架橋剤は、 分子 内にイソシアナト基 (一 N C O) を少なくとも 2個有する化合物であり、 その例 としては、 2 , 4 _トリ レンジイソシァネート、 フエ二レンジイソシァネート、 4 , 4 ' —ジフエニルメタンジイソシァネート、 1, 6—へキサメチレンジイソ シァネート、 イソホロンジイソシァネートのようなポリイソシァネート単量体の ほか、 それらの複数分子がトリメチロールプロパンのような多価アルコールに付 加したァダクト体、 ジイソシァネート 3分子がそれぞれの片末端ィソシアナト基 の部分でイソシァヌレート環を形成した 3官能のイソシァヌレート体、 ジィソシ ァネート 3分子がそれぞれの片末端イソシアナト基の部分で水和 ·脱炭酸して形 成されるビュレット体のようなポリイソシァネート変性体などがある。 イソシァ ネート系架橋剤の市販品としては、具体的には、ハイ ドランアシスター C _ l (大 日本インキ化学工業 (株) 製) などが挙げられる。  When an ionomer type urethane resin is used as an adhesive component, it is usually preferable to further add a crosslinking agent such as isocyanate. Isocyanate crosslinkers are compounds that have at least two isocyanato groups (one NCO) in the molecule. Examples include 2, 4_tolylene diisocyanate, phenol diisocyanate, 4, 4 '— In addition to polyisocyanate monomers such as diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate, multiple molecules of these are polyvalent such as trimethylolpropane. Three adducts and diisocyanates added to alcohol formed triisocyanurate rings at each single-end isocyanato group, and trifunctional isocyanurates and three diisocyanates hydrated and dehydrated at each single-end isocyanate group. There are polyisocyanate modifieds such as burettes formed by carbonationSpecific examples of commercially available isocyanate cross-linking agents include Hydran Assist C-1 (Dai Nippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd.).
アイオノマー型のウレタン榭月旨を含む水系接着剤を用いる場合は、 粘度と接着 性の観点から、 そのウレタン樹脂の濃度が 1 0〜7 0重量0 /。、 さらには 2 0〜 5 0重量。 /0となるように、 水中に分散させたものが好ましい。 イソシァネート架橋 剤を配合する場合は、 ウレタン樹脂 1 0 0重量部に対してイソシァネート架橋剤 が 5〜1 0 0重量部となるように、 その配合量を適宜選択すればよい。 In the case of using an aqueous adhesive containing an ionomer-type urethane foam, the concentration of the urethane resin is 10 to 70 weight 0 / from the viewpoint of viscosity and adhesiveness. And even 20 to 50 weight. Those dispersed in water so as to be / 0 are preferable. When the isocyanate cross-linking agent is blended, the blending amount may be appropriately selected so that the isocyanate cross-linking agent is 5 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the urethane resin.
以上のような水系の接着剤を、 保護層、 第一位相差板、 偏光フィルムの少なく ともいずれかに塗布し、 両者を貼り合わせて、 偏光板とすることができる。 偏光 フィルムと保護層とを貼合する方法は特に限定されるものではなく、 たとえば、 ポリビュルアルコール偏光フィルムまたは保護層の表面に接着剤を均一に塗布し、 塗布面にもう一方のフィルムを重ねてロールなどにより貼合し、 乾燥する方法な どが挙げられる。 乾燥は、 たとえば、 6 0〜1 0 0 °C程度の温度で行われる。 乾 燥後は、 接着力を一層高める観点から、 室温よりやや高い温度、 たとえば 3 0〜 5 0 °C程度の温度で 1〜 1 0日間程度養生することが好ましい。 The aqueous adhesive as described above can be applied to at least one of the protective layer, the first retardation plate, and the polarizing film, and bonded together to form a polarizing plate. The method of bonding the polarizing film and the protective layer is not particularly limited. For example, an adhesive is uniformly applied to the surface of the polybulal alcohol polarizing film or the protective layer, and the other film is overlaid on the coated surface. Pasting with rolls and drying. And so on. Drying is performed at a temperature of about 60 to 100 ° C., for example. After drying, from the viewpoint of further increasing the adhesive strength, it is preferable to cure for about 1 to 10 days at a temperature slightly higher than room temperature, for example, about 30 to 50 ° C.
また無溶剤型の接着剤を用いる場合、 反応性の観点からは、 加熱または活性ェ ネルギ一線の照射によるカチオン重合で硬化するものが好ましく用いられる。 こ こで、 無溶剤型の接着剤とは、 有意量の溶剤を含まない形態の接着剤を指し、 一 般には、 加熱や活性エネルギー線の照射により重合する硬化性の化合物と、 重合 開始剤とを含んで構成される。  In the case of using a solventless adhesive, from the viewpoint of reactivity, those which are cured by cationic polymerization by heating or irradiation with an activated energy line are preferably used. Here, the solventless type adhesive refers to an adhesive that does not contain a significant amount of solvent, and is generally a curable compound that polymerizes by heating or irradiation of active energy rays, and polymerization initiation. It is comprised including an agent.
特に、 耐候性や屈折率などの観点から、 分子内に芳香環を含まないエポキシ化 合物が、 硬化性化合物として好適に用いられる。 分子内に芳香環を含まないェポ キシ化合物を用いた接着剤としては、 たとえば特開 2 0 0 4— 2 4 5 9 2 5号公 報に記載されたものが挙げられる。 このような芳香環を含まないエポキシ化合物 として、 芳香族エポキシ化合物の水素化物、 脂環式エポキシ化合物、 脂肪族ェポ キシ化合物などが例示できる。接着剤に用いる硬化性のエポキシ化合物は、通常、 分子中にエポキシ基を 2個以上有している。  In particular, from the viewpoint of weather resistance and refractive index, an epoxy compound containing no aromatic ring in the molecule is suitably used as the curable compound. Examples of the adhesive using an epoxy compound that does not contain an aromatic ring in the molecule include those described in the publication of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-045. Examples of such epoxy compounds that do not contain an aromatic ring include hydrides of aromatic epoxy compounds, alicyclic epoxy compounds, and aliphatic epoxy compounds. The curable epoxy compound used for the adhesive usually has two or more epoxy groups in the molecule.
芳香族エポキシ化合物の水素化物は、 芳香族エポキシ化合物を触媒の存在下、 加圧下で芳香環に選択的に水素化反応を行うことにより得られる。 芳香族ェポキ シ化合物しては、たとえば、ビスフエノール Aのジグリシジルエーテル、ビスフエ一 ル Fのジグリシジルエーテル、 ビスフエノール Sのジグリシジルエーテルなどの ビスフエノール型エポキシ化合物;フエノールノボラックエポキシ樹脂、クレゾー ルノボラックエポキシ樹脂、 ヒドロキシベンズアルデヒ ドフエノールノボラック エポキシ榭脂などのノボラック型のエポキシ樹脂;テトラヒ ドロキシジフエ-ル メタンのグリシジルエーテル、テトラヒドロキシベンゾフエノンのグリシジルエー テル、 エポキシ化ポリビニルフエノールなどの多官能型のエポキシ化合物などが 挙げられる。 これら芳香族エポキシ化合物の水素化物の中でも好ましいものとし て、 水素化されたビスフエノール Aのジグリシジルエーテルが挙げられる。  A hydride of an aromatic epoxy compound can be obtained by selectively hydrogenating an aromatic epoxy compound to an aromatic ring under pressure in the presence of a catalyst. Examples of aromatic epoxy compounds include bisphenol type epoxy compounds such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, and bisphenol S diglycidyl ether; phenol novolac epoxy resins and cresols. Novolac epoxy resin, novolac epoxy resin such as hydroxybenzaldehyde phenol novolac epoxy resin; polyfunctional type such as tetrahydroxydiphenyl methane glycidyl ether, tetrahydroxybenzophenone glycidyl ether, epoxidized polyvinyl phenol Examples include epoxy compounds. Among these hydrides of aromatic epoxy compounds, hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether is preferred.
また脂環式エポキシ化合物は、 下記式に示すような脂環式環に結合したェポキ シ基を分子内に少なくとも 1個有する化合物を指す (式中、 mは 2〜5の整数を 表す。 ) 。 The alicyclic epoxy compound is an epoxy bonded to an alicyclic ring as shown in the following formula. This refers to a compound having at least one Si group in the molecule (wherein m represents an integer of 2 to 5).
Figure imgf000025_0001
Figure imgf000025_0001
上記式における (CH2) m中の水素原子を 1個または複数個取り除いた形の基が 他の化学構造に結合した化合物が、 脂環式エポキシ化合物となりうる。 また、 脂 環式環を形成する水素がメチル基やェチル基のような直鎖状アルキル基で適宜置 換されていてもよい。 中でも、 エポキシシクロペンタン環 (上式において m= 3 のもの) や、 エポキシシクロへキサン環 (上式において m= 4のもの) を有する 化合物を用いることが好ましい。 脂環式エポキシ化合物の具体例としては、 3, 4—エポキシシクロへキシルメチル 3, 4—エポキシシクロへキサンカルボキ シレート、 3, 4—エポキシ一 6—メチルシクロへキシルメチル 3, 4—ェポ キシ一 6—メチ^^ンクロへキサンカ^/ボキシレート、 エチレンビス (3, 4—ェ ポキシシクロへキサンカルボキシレート) 、 ビス (3, 4 _エポキシシクロへキ シルメチル) アジペート、 ビス (3, 4—エポキシ一 6—メチルシクロへキシ ルメチル) アジペート、 ジエチレングリコールビス (3, 4 _エポキシシクロ へキシ^/メチノレエーテノレ) 、 エチレングリコーノレビス (3, 4—エポキシシクロ へキシルメチルエーテノレ) 、 2, 3, 14, 15—ジエポキシ一 7, 1 1, 18, 21—テトラオキサトリスピロ一 [5. 2. 2. 5. 2. 2] ヘンィコサン (3, 4一エポキシシクロへキサンスピロ一 2, , 6 ' —ジォキサンスピロ一 3' ' , 5 ' , 一ジォキサンスピロ一 3, , ' , 4' ' , 一エポキシシクロへキサン) 、 4 - (3, 4—エポキシシクロへキシル) 一2, 6—ジォキサ一 8, 9—ェポキ シスピロ [5. 5] ゥンデカン、 4—ビニルシクロへキセンジオキサイド、 ビス -2, 3 _エポキシシクロペンチノレエーテ^^ ジシクロペンタジェンジォキサイ ドなどを挙げることができる。 A compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms in (CH 2 ) m in the above formula are removed and bonded to another chemical structure can be an alicyclic epoxy compound. Further, the hydrogen forming the alicyclic ring may be appropriately replaced with a linear alkyl group such as a methyl group or an ethyl group. Among them, it is preferable to use a compound having an epoxycyclopentane ring (m = 3 in the above formula) or an epoxycyclohexane ring (m = 4 in the above formula). Specific examples of the alicyclic epoxy compounds include 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, 3,4-epoxy-1-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxy-6- Methy ^^-hexanehexane / Boxylate, Ethylenebis (3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate), Bis (3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl) Adipate, Bis (3,4, Epoxy-6-methylcyclo (Hexylmethyl) adipate, diethylene glycol bis (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl ^ / methinoleethenore), ethyleneglycolenobis (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyletherole), 2, 3, 14, 15 —Diepoxy-1, 7, 1, 1, 18, 21—Tetraoxatrispirone [5. 2. 2. 5. 2. 2] Xanspiro 1, 2, 6 '— Dioxane Spiro 1 3'',5', 1 Dioxane Spiro 3, 3, ', 4'', 1 Epoxycyclohexane), 4-(3, 4-Epoxycyclohexyl) 1 2 , 6-Dioxa 8, 9-epoxy cispyro [5.5] undecane, 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide, bis-2,3 _epoxycyclopentinoleate ^^ dicyclopentadienoxy Can be mentioned.
また、 脂肪族エポキシ化合物としては、 脂肪族多価アルコールまたはそのアル キレンォキサイド付加物のポリグリシジルエーテルがこれに該当する。 このよう な脂肪族エポキシ化合物としては、 たとえば、 1 , 4—ブタンジオールのジグリ シジルエーテル、 1, 6—へキサンジオールのジグリシジルエーテル、 グリセリ ンのトリグリシジルエーテル、 トリメチロールプロパンのトリグリシジルエーテ ノレ、 ポリエチレングリコーノレのジグリシジルエーテノレ、 プロピレンダリコールの ジグリシジノレエーテ^^、 エチレングリコーノレやプロピレングリコー^^、 グリセリ ンのような脂肪族多価アルコールに 1種または 2種以上のアルキレンォキサイ ド (エチレンオキサイドやプロピレンオキサイド) を付加することにより得られる ポリエーテルポリオールのポリグリシジルエーテルなどが挙げられる。  As the aliphatic epoxy compound, an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol or a polyglycidyl ether of an alkylene oxide adduct thereof corresponds to this. Examples of such aliphatic epoxy compounds include diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol, diglycidyl ether of 1,6-hexanediol, triglycidyl ether of glycerin, and triglycidyl ether of trimethylolpropane. Diglycidyl etherate of polyethylene glycolenole, Diglycidinoleate of propylene dallicol ^^, Aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycolanol and propylene glycol ^^, and glycerin. Examples thereof include polyglycidyl ethers of polyether polyols obtained by adding oxides (ethylene oxide and propylene oxide).
ここに例示したエポキシ化合物は、 それぞれ単独で使用してもよいし、 また複 数のエポキシ化合物を混合して使用してもよい。  The epoxy compounds exemplified here may be used alone or in combination with a plurality of epoxy compounds.
無溶剤型の接着剤に使用するエポキシ化合物のエポキシ当量は、 通常 3 0〜 3 0 0 0 g Z当量、 好ましくは 5 0〜: 1 5 0 0 g Z当量の範囲である。 ェポキ シ当量が 3 0 g /当量を下回ると、硬化後の保護フィルムの可撓性が低下したり、 接着強度が低下したりする可能性がある。 一方、 3 0 0 0 当量を超えると、 他の成分との相溶性が低下する可能性がある。  The epoxy equivalent of the epoxy compound used for the solventless adhesive is usually in the range of 30 to 300 g g equivalent, preferably 50 to 1550 g z equivalent. When the epoxy equivalent is less than 30 g / equivalent, the flexibility of the protective film after curing may be lowered, or the adhesive strength may be lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 300,000 equivalents, the compatibility with other components may decrease.
ェポキシ化合物を力チオン重合で硬化させるためには、 力チオン重合開始剤が 配合される。 カチオン重合開始剤は、 可視光線、 紫外線、 X線、 電子線などの活 性エネルギー線の照射または加熱により、 カチオン種またはルイス酸を発生し、 エポキシ基の重合反応を開始する。 作業性の観点からは、 いずれのタイプのカチ ォン重合開始剤であつても、 潜在性が付与されていることが好ましい。  In order to cure the epoxy compound by force thione polymerization, a force thione polymerization initiator is added. The cationic polymerization initiator generates a cationic species or a Lewis acid upon irradiation or heating of active energy rays such as visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and electron beams, and initiates the polymerization reaction of the epoxy group. From the viewpoint of workability, it is preferable that any type of cationic polymerization initiator is provided with latency.
また光力チオン重合開始剤を用いる場合には、 常温での硬化が可能となり、 偏 光フィルムの耐熱性あるいは膨張による歪を考慮する必要が減少し、 保護フィル ムを良好に接着することができるという利点がある。 また、 光力チオン重合開始 剤は光で触媒的に作用するため、 エポキシ化合物に混合しても保存安定性や作業 性に優れる。 活性エネルギー線の照射によりカチオン種やルイス酸を生じる化合 物として、 たとえば、 芳香族ジァゾニゥム塩、 芳香族ョードニゥム塩や芳香族ス ルホニゥム塩のようなォニゥム塩、 鉄一アレン錯体などを挙げることができる。 これらの中でも、 特に芳香族スルホ二ゥム塩は、 300 nm以上の波長領域でも 紫外線吸収特性を有することから、 硬化性に優れ、 良好な機械強度や接着強度を 有する硬化物を与えることができるため、 好ましく用いられる。 In addition, when using a light-powered thione polymerization initiator, curing at room temperature is possible, reducing the need to consider the heat resistance of the polarizing film or distortion due to expansion, and the protective film can be bonded well. There is an advantage. In addition, the light power thione polymerization initiator acts catalytically by light, so even if it is mixed with an epoxy compound, the storage stability and work Excellent in properties. Examples of compounds that generate cationic species and Lewis acids upon irradiation with active energy rays include aromatic diazonium salts, aromatic odonium salts, onium salts such as aromatic sulfonium salts, and iron-allene complexes. . Among these, aromatic sulfonium salts, in particular, have ultraviolet absorption characteristics even in a wavelength region of 300 nm or more, and therefore can provide a cured product having excellent curability and good mechanical strength and adhesive strength. Therefore, it is preferably used.
これらの光力チオン重合開始剤は市販品として容易に入手でき、 具体的には、 力ャラッド PC I—220 (日本化薬(株)製) 、力ャラッド PC I _620 (日 本化薬 (株) 製) 、 UV I— 6990 (ユニオンカーバイド社製) 、 アデカオプ トマ一 S P— 150 ( (株) ADEKA製)、アデカオプトマ一 S P_ 1 70 ( (株) ADEKA製) 、 C I— 5102 (日本曹達 (株) 製) 、 C I T _ 1370 (日 本曹達 (株) 製) 、 C I T一 1682 (日本曹達 (株) 製) 、 C I P— 1866 S (日本曹達 (株) 製) 、 C I P-2048 S (日本曹達 (株) 製) 、 C I P— 2064 S (日本曹達 (株) 製) 、 DP I— 101 (みどり化学 (株) 製) 、 D These photopower thione polymerization initiators can be easily obtained as commercial products. Specifically, Riki Charad PC I-220 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), Riki Charad PC I _620 (Nihon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) ) UV I—6990 (Union Carbide), Adeka Optima SP—150 (manufactured by ADEKA), Adekaoptoma S P_ 1 70 (manufactured by ADEKA), CI— 5102 (Nippon Soda ( Co., Ltd.), CIT _ 1370 (Nihon Soda Co., Ltd.), CIT I 1682 (Nihon Soda Co., Ltd.), CIP— 1866 S (Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.), CI P-2048 S (Japan) Soda Co., Ltd.), CIP-2064 S (Nihon Soda Co., Ltd.), DP I-101 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), D
P I— 102 (みどり化学 (株) 製) 、 D P I - - 103 (みどり化学 (株) 製) 、P I—102 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), D P I--103 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.),
DP I -105 (みどり化学(株)製) 、 MP I — 103 (みどり化学(株)製) 、DP I-105 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), MP I-103 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.),
MP 1 - 105 (みどり化学(株)製) 、 B B I - 101 (みどり化学(株)製) 、MP 1-105 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), B B I-101 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.),
BB I - 102 (みどり化学(株)製) 、 B B I -103 (みどり化学(株)製) 、BB I-102 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), B B I-103 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.),
B B I— 105 (みどり化学(株)製) 、 TPS - 101 (みどり化学(株)製) 、B B I— 105 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), TPS-101 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.),
TPS- 102 (みどり化学(株)製) 、 TPS — 103 (みどり化学(株)製) 、TPS-102 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), TPS-103 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.),
TPS— 105 (みどり化学(株)製)、 MD S -103 (みどり化学(株)製) 、TPS—105 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), MD S-103 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.),
MDS - 105 (みどり化学(株)製) 、 DT S - 102 (みどり化学(株)製) 、MDS-105 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), DT S-102 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.),
DTS- 103 (みどり化学 (株) 製) 、 P I -2074 (ローディァ社製) な どが挙げられる。 中でも特に、 C I— 5 102 (日本曹達 (株) 製) は好ましい 光力チオン重合開始剤の 1つである。 光力チオン重合開始剤の配合量は、 ェポキ シ化合物 100重量部に対して、 通常 0 . 5〜 20重量部であり、 好ましくは 1Examples include DTS-103 (manufactured by Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.) and PI-2074 (manufactured by Rhodia). Among these, CI-5102 (manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) is one of the preferred photopower thione polymerization initiators. The compounding amount of the light thione polymerization initiator is usually 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy compound.
〜15重量部である。 さらに、 必要に応じて光増感剤を併用することができる。 光増感剤を使用する ことで、 反応性が向上し、 硬化物の機械強度や接着強度を向上させることができ る。 光増感剤としてはたとえば、 カルボニル化合物、 有機硫黄化合物、過硫化物、 レドックス系化合物、 ァゾおよびジァゾ化合物、 ハロゲン化合物、 光還元性色素 などが挙げられる。 光増感剤を配合する場合、 その配合量は、 エポキシ化合物 1 0 0重量部に対して、 通常 0 . 1〜2 0重量部である。 ~ 15 parts by weight. Furthermore, a photosensitizer can be used in combination as necessary. By using a photosensitizer, the reactivity is improved, and the mechanical strength and adhesive strength of the cured product can be improved. Examples of the photosensitizer include carbonyl compounds, organic sulfur compounds, persulfides, redox compounds, azo and diazo compounds, halogen compounds, and photoreductive dyes. When the photosensitizer is blended, the blending amount is usually 0.1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy compound.
また熱カチオン重合開始剤は、 加熱によりカチオン種またはルイス酸を発生す る化合物であり、 このような熱カチオン重合開始剤としては、 ベンジルスルホニ ゥム塩、 チォフエニゥム塩、 チオラニゥム塩、 ベンジルアンモニゥム、 ピリジニ ゥム塩、 ヒ ドラジニゥム塩、 カルボン酸エステル、 スルホン酸エステル、 ァミン イミ ドなどを挙げることができる。 熱カチオン重合開始剤も、 市販品として容易 に入手することができ、たとえばアデカオプトン C P 7 7 ( (株) A D E KA製)、 アデカオプトン C P 6 6 ( (株) A D E KA製) 、 C I—2 6 3 9 (日本曹達(株) 製) 、 C I _ 2 6 2 4 (日本曹達 (株) 製) 、 サンエイド S I— 6 0 L (三新化 学工業 (株) 製) 、 サンエイド S I— 8 0 L (三新化学工業 (株) 製) 、 サンェ イド S I— 1 0 0 L (三新化学工業 (株) 製) などが挙げられる。  The thermal cationic polymerization initiator is a compound that generates a cationic species or a Lewis acid upon heating. Examples of such thermal cationic polymerization initiator include benzylsulfonium salt, thiophenium salt, thiolanium salt, benzylammonium. , Pyridinium salt, hydrazinum salt, carboxylic acid ester, sulfonic acid ester, amine imidazole and the like. Thermal cationic polymerization initiators can also be easily obtained as commercial products, such as Adeka Opton CP 7 7 (manufactured by ADE KA), Adeka Opton CP 6 6 (manufactured by ADE KA), CI—2 6 3 9 (manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.), CI _ 2 6 2 4 (manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.), Sun-Aid SI—60 L (manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Co., Ltd.), Sun-Aid SI—80 L ( Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Sun-side SI-1100 L (manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and the like.
なお、 本発明においては、 上述した光力チオン重合と熱カチオン重合とを併用 するようにしてもよい。  In the present invention, the above-described photothion polymerization and thermal cationic polymerization may be used in combination.
またエポキシ系接着剤は、 ォキセタン類、 ポリオール類などカチオン重合を促 進する化合物をさらに含有していてもよい ό  The epoxy adhesive may further contain a compound that promotes cationic polymerization, such as oxetanes and polyols.
無溶剤型の 着剤を用いる場合、 偏光フィルム、 保護層および第一位相差板の 少なくともいずれかに塗布する方法としては特に制限されるものではなく、 たと えばドクターブレード、 ワイヤーバー、 ダイコーター、 カンマコーター、 グラビ アコ一ターなど種々の方式が利用できる。 上述した各方式には、 それぞれ最適な 粘度範囲があるため、 少量の溶剤を用いて粘度を調整するようにしてもよい。 そ のために用いられる溶剤としては、たとえば、 トルエンに代表される炭化水素類、 酢酸ェチルに代表されるエステル類などの有機溶剤が使用できる。 なお、 無溶剤 型の接着剤を用いた接着剤層の厚みは、 通常、 5 0 μ η以下、 好ましくは 2 0 μ m以下、 より好ましくは 1 0 μ πι以下であり、 また、 通常、 l / m以上である。 無溶剤型の接着剤は、 上述のように塗布後、 活性エネルギー線を照射するか、 または加熱することにより、 接着剤層を硬化させ、 偏光フィルムと保護層、 偏光 フィルムまたは保護層と第一位相差板とが固着される。 活性エネルギー線の照射 により硬化させる場合、 好ましくは紫外線が用いられる。 具体的な紫外線光源と しては、 低圧水銀灯、 中圧水銀灯、 高圧水銀灯、 ブラックライトランプ、 メタル ハラィドランプなどを挙げることができる。 活性エネルギー線ないし紫外線の照 射強度や照射量は、 重合開始剤を十分に活性化させ、 かつ硬化後の接着剤層や偏 光フィルム、 保護層、 位相差フィルムに悪影響を与えないように、 適宜選択すれ ばよい。 また加熱により硬化させる場合は、 一般的に知られた方法で加熱するこ とができ、 そのときの温度や時間も、 重合開始剤を十分に活性化させ、 かつ硬化 後の接着剤層や偏光フィルム、 保護フィルムに悪影響を与えないように、 適宜選 択すればよレ、。 In the case of using a solventless type adhesive, there is no particular limitation on the method of applying to at least one of the polarizing film, the protective layer and the first retardation plate. For example, a doctor blade, a wire bar, a die coater, Various methods such as comma coater and gravure coater can be used. Each method described above has an optimum viscosity range, so the viscosity may be adjusted using a small amount of solvent. As the solvent used for this purpose, for example, organic solvents such as hydrocarbons typified by toluene and esters typified by ethyl acetate can be used. Solvent-free The thickness of the adhesive layer using a mold type adhesive is usually 50 μηη or less, preferably 20 μm or less, more preferably 10 μππι or less, and usually l / m or more. is there. Solvent-free adhesives are coated with an active energy ray or heated as described above to cure the adhesive layer, polarizing film and protective layer, polarizing film or protective layer and first The retardation plate is fixed. In the case of curing by irradiation with active energy rays, ultraviolet rays are preferably used. Specific examples of the ultraviolet light source include a low-pressure mercury lamp, a medium-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a black light lamp, and a metal halide lamp. The irradiation intensity and irradiation amount of active energy rays or ultraviolet rays are sufficient to activate the polymerization initiator and not adversely affect the cured adhesive layer, polarizing film, protective layer, and retardation film. It may be selected appropriately. When curing by heating, it can be heated by a generally known method, and the temperature and time at that time sufficiently activate the polymerization initiator, and the cured adhesive layer and polarized light. You should make an appropriate selection so as not to adversely affect the film and protective film.
なお、 保護層または第一位相差板の偏光フィルムと貼り合わされる側には、 コ ロナ放電処理を施しておくことが好ましい。 コロナ放電処理を施すことにより、 偏光フィルムと保護層、 偏光フィルムまたは保護層と第一位相差板との間の接着 力を高めることができる。 コロナ放電処理とは、電極間に高電圧をかけて放電し、 電極間に配置された樹脂フィルムを活性化する処理である。 コ口ナ放電処理の効 果は、 電極の種類、 電極間隔、 電圧、 湿度、 使用する樹脂フィルムの種類などに よっても異なるが、 たとえば、 電極間隔を 1〜5 mm、'移動速度を 3〜2 O m/ 分程度に設定するのが好ましい。  In addition, it is preferable to perform corona discharge treatment on the side of the protective layer or the first retardation plate that is bonded to the polarizing film. By performing the corona discharge treatment, the adhesive force between the polarizing film and the protective layer, or between the polarizing film or protective layer and the first retardation plate can be increased. The corona discharge treatment is a treatment in which a high voltage is applied between the electrodes to discharge and activate the resin film disposed between the electrodes. The effect of the edge discharge process varies depending on the type of electrode, electrode spacing, voltage, humidity, type of resin film used, etc.For example, the electrode spacing is 1 to 5 mm, and the moving speed is 3 to It is preferable to set it to about 2 O m / min.
〔2— 2〕 第二複合偏光板  [2-2] Second composite polarizing plate
ここで、 図 3は本発明の複合偏光板セッ卜に用いられる好ましい一例の第二複 合偏光板 2 1を、 各層を離間した状態で模式的に示す斜視図であり、 図 4は、 本 発明の複合偏光板セットに用いられる好ましい他の例の第二複合偏光板 3 1を、 各層を離間した状態で模式的に示す斜視図である。 図 3および図 4に示す第二複 合偏光板 2 1, 3 1は、 偏光板 2 2, 3 2の構成が一部異なること以外は同様の 構造を有し、 偏光板 2 2, 3 2に、 第二位相差板 2 3と、 感圧性接着剤層 2 4と が積層されてなる。 Here, FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a preferred example of the second composite polarizing plate 21 used in the composite polarizing plate set of the present invention, with each layer being separated, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a second composite polarizing plate 31 of another preferred example used in the composite polarizing plate set of the invention in a state where the layers are separated from each other. The second compound shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. The combined polarizing plates 2 1 and 3 1 have the same structure except that the polarizing plates 2 2 and 3 2 are partially different, and the polarizing plates 2 2 and 3 2 are connected to the second retardation plate 2 3 and The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 24 is laminated.
本発明に用いられる第二位相差板 2 3は、 面内の位相差値 R0 が 0〜3 0 n m (好ましくは 0〜 1 0 n m) の範囲にあり、 厚み方向の位相差値 Rth が 3 0〜 3 0 0 n m (好ましくは 5 0〜 3 0 0 n m) の範囲にあることを特徴とする。 第 二位相差板 2 3における面内の位相差値 R。が 3 0 n mを超える場合には、正面位 相差に伴う偏光解消が起こり、 コントラスト比が低下する。 一方、 第二位相差板 2 3における厚み方向の位相差値 Rthが 3 0 n m未満である場合には、液晶セル の液晶の複屈折を十分に相殺できずに、 視野角が狭くなり、 また、 3 0 0 n mを 超える場合には、 逆に液晶セルの液晶の複屈折を過補償することとなり、 視野角 が狭くなる。なお、第二位相差板 2 3の面内の位相差値 R。および厚み方向の位相 差値 Rthは、 上述した第一位相差板の面内の位相差値 R。と同様に、 自動複屈折 測定装置 K O B R A— 2 1 A D H (王子計測機器 (株) 製) を用いて測定された 値を指す。 このような位相差特性は、 有機修飾粘土複合体とバインダ一樹脂とを 用いて第二位相差板 2 3を形成することで実現することができる。  The second retardation plate 23 used in the present invention has an in-plane retardation value R0 in the range of 0 to 30 nm (preferably 0 to 10 nm), and a thickness direction retardation value Rth of 3 It is characterized by being in the range of 0 to 300 nm (preferably 50 to 300 nm). In-plane retardation value R of the second retardation plate 2 3. When is over 30 nm, depolarization due to the front phase difference occurs and the contrast ratio decreases. On the other hand, when the retardation value Rth in the thickness direction of the second retardation plate 23 is less than 30 nm, the birefringence of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell cannot be sufficiently offset, and the viewing angle becomes narrow. If it exceeds 300 nm, the birefringence of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell is overcompensated, and the viewing angle is narrowed. The in-plane retardation value R of the second retardation plate 23. The thickness direction retardation value Rth is the in-plane retardation value R of the first retardation plate described above. The value measured using an automatic birefringence measuring device K OB R A—2 1 A D H (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments). Such retardation characteristics can be realized by forming the second retardation plate 23 using an organically modified clay composite and a binder resin.
ここで有機修飾粘土複合体は、 有機化合物と層状構造を有する粘土鉱物とを複 合化させたものであって、 有機溶媒に分散可能なものである。 本発明における第 二位相差板 2 3は、 このような有機修飾粘土複合体がバインダ一樹脂とともに有 機溶媒中に含有された塗工液を調製し、 当該塗工液を層状に塗布後、 溶媒を除去 することで形成される。  Here, the organic modified clay composite is a composite of an organic compound and a clay mineral having a layered structure, and is dispersible in an organic solvent. The second retardation plate 23 according to the present invention is prepared by preparing a coating liquid in which such an organically modified clay complex is contained in an organic solvent together with a binder resin, and applying the coating liquid in layers. It is formed by removing the solvent.
層状構造を有する粘土鉱物としては、 スメクタイト族、 膨潤性雲母などが挙げ られる。 中でもスメクタイト族は、 透明性にも優れることから好ましく用いられ る。 スメクタイ ト族に属するものとしては、 ヘク トライ ト、 モンモリロナイト、 ベントナイトなどが例示できる。 これらの中でも化学合成されたものは、 不純物 が少なく、 透明性に優れるなどの点で好ましい。 特に、 粒径を小さく制御した合 成へクトライトは、 可視光線の散乱が抑制されるために好ましく用いられる。 粘土鉱物と複合化される有機化合物としては、 粘土鉱物の酸素原子や水酸基と 反応、 または、 相互作用し得る化合物、 あるいは、 交換性陽イオンと交換可能な イオン性の化合物などが挙げられるが、 有機修飾粘土複合体が有機溶媒に膨潤ま たは分散できるようになるものであれば特に制限はない。 粘土鉱物の酸素原子や 水酸基と相互作用しうる化合物の具体例としては、 シランカップリング剤、 チタ ンカップリング剤などの表面修飾剤や、 系中で重合させることで修飾を行うこと ができる ε —力プロラタタム、 さらには、 ポリビニルピロリ ドン、 アルキル置換 ピロリ ドンなどが挙げられる。 また、 交換性陽イオンと交換可能なイオン性化合 物の具体例として、 含窒素化合物、 含リン化合物などを挙げることができ、 たと えば 1級、 2級または 3級のァミン、 4級アンモニゥム化合物、 4級ホスホニゥ ム化合物などが挙げられる。 中でも、 陽イオン交換が容易であることなどから、 4級アンモニゥム化合物、 4級ホスホニゥム化合物が好ましく用いられ、 たとえ ば、 長鎖アルキル基を有するもの、 アルキルエーテル鎖を有するものなどが挙げ られる。 とりわけ、 炭素数 6〜3 0、.特に炭素数 6〜1 0の長鎖アルキル基を有 するものや、 η = 1〜5 0、 特に η = 5〜3 0の一 (C H2C H (C H3) O) nH 基、 または一 (C H2C H2C H2O) nH基を有するものが好ましい。 Examples of the clay mineral having a layered structure include the smectite group and the swellable mica. Of these, the smectite group is preferably used because of its excellent transparency. Examples of those belonging to the smectite group include hectrite, montmorillonite, and bentonite. Of these, those chemically synthesized are preferable in that they have few impurities and are excellent in transparency. In particular, synthetic hectorite having a controlled particle size is preferably used because it suppresses the scattering of visible light. Examples of organic compounds complexed with clay minerals include compounds that can react with or interact with oxygen atoms and hydroxyl groups of clay minerals, or ionic compounds that can be exchanged with exchangeable cations. There is no particular limitation as long as the organic modified clay complex can be swollen or dispersed in an organic solvent. Specific examples of compounds that can interact with oxygen atoms and hydroxyl groups of clay minerals include surface modifiers such as silane coupling agents and titanium coupling agents, and can be modified by polymerization in the system. —Strength prolatatam, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl-substituted pyrrolidone and the like. Specific examples of ionic compounds that can be exchanged for exchangeable cations include nitrogen-containing compounds and phosphorus-containing compounds. For example, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium compounds. And quaternary phosphonium compounds. Among them, quaternary ammonium compounds and quaternary phosphonium compounds are preferably used because of easy cation exchange, and examples thereof include those having a long-chain alkyl group and those having an alkyl ether chain. In particular, those having a long-chain alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, especially 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and one of η = 1 to 50, especially η = 5 to 30 (CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) Those having an O) nH group or one (CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O) nH group are preferred.
有機修飾粘土複合体には、 その製造の際に用いられる各種副原料に起因して、 塩素を含む化合物が不純物として混入していることが多い。 そのような塩素化合 物の量が多いと、 第二位相差板 2 3を形成した際にフィルムからブリードアゥト する可能性がある。 その場合には、 感圧性接着剤を介してその第二位相差板 2 3 を液晶セルガラスに貼合したときに、 粘着力が経時的に大幅に低下してしまう。 そこで、 有機修飾粘土複合体からは、 洗浄により塩素化合物を除去しておくのが 好ましく、 その中に含まれる塩素の量を 2 0 0 0 p p m以下とした状態で有機溶 媒中に含有させれば、 かかる粘着力の低下を抑えることができる。 塩素化合物の 除去は、 有機修飾粘土複合体を水洗する方法により行うことができる。  Organically modified clay composites often contain chlorine-containing compounds as a result of the various secondary materials used in the production. If the amount of such a chlorinated compound is large, there is a possibility of bleeding out from the film when the second retardation plate 23 is formed. In that case, when the second retardation plate 2 3 is bonded to the liquid crystal cell glass via a pressure-sensitive adhesive, the adhesive strength significantly decreases with time. Therefore, it is preferable to remove the chlorine compound from the organically modified clay complex by washing, and it can be contained in the organic solvent in a state where the amount of chlorine contained in the complex is not more than 200 ppm. For example, a decrease in the adhesive strength can be suppressed. The removal of the chlorine compound can be performed by washing the organically modified clay complex with water.
有機修飾粘土複合体は、 2種類以上を組み合わせて用いることもできる。 適当 な有機修飾粘土複合体の市販品には、 合成へク トライ トと 4級アンモニゥム化合 物との複合体であるルニセンタイト S T N (コープケミカル (株) 製) 、 ルーセ ンタイト S P N (コープケミカル (株) 製) などが挙げられる。 Two or more organically modified clay composites can be used in combination. Commercially available products of suitable organically modified clay composites include synthetic hepatite and quaternary ammonium compounds. Lunicentite STN (manufactured by Coop Chemical Co., Ltd.), Lucentite SPN (manufactured by Coop Chemical Co., Ltd.), etc.
このような有機溶媒に分散可能な有機修飾粘土複合体は、基材などへのコーティ ングのしやすさ、 光学特性の発現性や力学的特性などの点から、 バインダー樹脂. と組み合わせて用いられる。 有機修飾粘土複合体と併用するバインダー榭脂は、 トルエン、 キシレン、 アセトン、 酢酸ェチルなどの有機溶媒に溶解するもの、 と りわけ、 ガラス転移温度が室温以下 (約 2 0 °C以下) であるものが、 好ましく用 いられる。 また、 液晶表示装置に適用する場合に必要とされる良好な耐湿熱性お よびハンドリング性を得るためには、 疎水性を有するものが望ましい。 このよう な好ましいバインダ一樹脂としては、ポリビュルブチラール、ポリビニルホルマー ルなどのポリビニルァセタール樹脂、 セルロースアセテートブチレートなどのセ ルロース樹脂、 ブチルアタリレートなどのアクリル樹脂、 ウレタン樹脂、 メタァ クリル樹脂、 エポキシ樹脂、 ポリエステル樹脂などが挙げられる。 中でも、 有機 修飾粘土複合体の分散性が良好であることから、 ウレタン榭脂が好ましい。  Such organically modified clay composites that can be dispersed in an organic solvent are used in combination with a binder resin from the standpoint of ease of coating on a substrate, optical properties, and mechanical properties. . The binder resin used in combination with the organically modified clay composite is soluble in organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, acetone, and ethyl acetate, and in particular, has a glass transition temperature of room temperature or lower (approximately 20 ° C or lower). Those are preferably used. In addition, in order to obtain good wet heat resistance and handling properties required for application to liquid crystal display devices, those having hydrophobic properties are desirable. Examples of such a preferred binder resin include polyvinyl acetal resins such as polybutyral and polyvinyl formal, cellulose resins such as cellulose acetate butyrate, acrylic resins such as butyl acrylate, urethane resins, methacrylate resins, Examples include epoxy resins and polyester resins. Among them, urethane resin is preferable because the dispersibility of the organic modified clay complex is good.
バインダー樹脂の市販品としては、 具体的には、 ポリビニルアルコールのアル デヒド変性樹脂であるデンカブチラ一ル# 3 0 0 0— K (電気化学工業(株)製)、 アクリル榭脂であるァロン S 1 6 0 1 (東亞合成 (株) 製) 、 イソホロンジイソ シァネートベースのウレタン樹脂である S B Uラッカー 0 8 6 6 (住化バイエル ウレタン (株) ) などが好適なものとして挙げられる。  Specific examples of commercially available binder resins include Denka Butylal # 3 00 0—K (produced by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), which is an aldehyde-modified resin of polyvinyl alcohol, and Aalon S 1 which is an acrylic resin. Preferred examples include SBU lacquer 0 8 6 6 (Suika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd.), which is a urethane resin based on isophorone diisocyanate, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
第二位相差板 2 3における有機修飾粘土複合体とバインダー樹脂との含有率は、 前者:後者の重量比で 1 : 2〜 1 0 : 1の範囲、 とりわけ 1 : 1〜 2 : 1の範囲 にあることが、 第二位相差板 2 3の割れ防止などの力学的特性向上の観点から好 ましい。  The content ratio of the organically modified clay complex and the binder resin in the second phase difference plate 2 3 is in the range of 1: 2 to 10: 1, especially in the range of 1: 1 to 2: 1, in the weight ratio of the former: the latter. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving mechanical properties such as preventing cracking of the second retardation plate 2 3.
有機修飾粘土複合体およびバインダー樹脂は、 上述したように、 有機溶媒中に 分散されて調製された塗工液の状態で基材上に塗布される。 この際、 一般には、 バインダ一樹脂は有機溶媒に溶解され、 そして有機修飾粘土複合体は有機溶媒中 に分散される。 この塗工液の固形分濃度は、 調製後の塗工液が実用上問題ない範 囲でゲル化したり白濁したりしなければ制限はないが、 通常、 有機修飾粘土複合 体とバインダ一樹脂の合計固形分濃度が 3〜 1 5重量%程度となる範囲で使用さ れる。 最適な固形分濃度は、 有機修飾粘土複合体とバインダー樹脂それぞれの種 類や両者の組成比により異なるため、 組成毎に設定される。 また、 製膜する際の 塗布性を向上させるための粘度調整剤や、 疎水性および/または耐久性をさらに 向上させるための硬化剤など、 各種の添加剤を加えてもよい。 As described above, the organically modified clay complex and the binder resin are applied onto the substrate in the state of a coating liquid prepared by being dispersed in an organic solvent. In this case, generally, the binder resin is dissolved in an organic solvent, and the organic modified clay complex is dispersed in the organic solvent. The solid content concentration of this coating solution is within the range where there is no practical problem with the prepared coating solution. There is no limitation as long as it does not gel or become cloudy in the surroundings, but it is usually used in a range where the total solid concentration of the organically modified clay composite and the binder resin is about 3 to 15% by weight. The optimum solid content concentration varies depending on the type of organically modified clay complex and binder resin, and the composition ratio of the two, so it is set for each composition. In addition, various additives such as a viscosity modifier for improving the coating property during film formation and a curing agent for further improving the hydrophobicity and / or durability may be added.
またこの塗工液は、 カールフィッシャー水分計で測定される含水率を 0 . 1 5 〜0 . 3 5重量%の範囲内としておくことが好ましい。 この含水率が 0 . 3 5重 量%を超える場合には、 非水溶性有機溶媒中での相分離を生じ、 塗工液が 2層に 分離してしまう傾向にある。 一方、含水率が 0 . 1 5重量%未満である場合には、 形成された第二位相差板のヘイズ値が高くなってしまう虞がある。  The coating liquid preferably has a moisture content measured by a Karl Fischer moisture meter within the range of 0.15 to 0.35% by weight. When the water content exceeds 0.35% by weight, phase separation occurs in a water-insoluble organic solvent, and the coating liquid tends to separate into two layers. On the other hand, when the moisture content is less than 0.15% by weight, the haze value of the formed second retardation plate may be increased.
塗工液の含水率を上述した範囲内とする方法は特に制限されないが、 塗工液中 に水を添加することにより含水率を簡便に調整することができる。 上述したよう な有機溶媒、 有機修飾粘土複合体およびバインダ一樹脂を通常の方法で混合した だけでは、 0 . 1 5重量%以上の含水率を示すことは殆どない。 そのため、 有機 溶媒、 有機修飾粘土複合体およびバインダー榭脂を混合した塗工液に少量の水を 添加することによって、 含水率を上記範囲内に調整することが好ましい。 水を添 加する時点は、 特に制限されないが、 塗工液を調製して一定時間経過後にサンプ リングして含水率を測定した後、 所定量の水を添加するようにすれば、 再現性お よび精度よく含水率を制御することができ、 好ましい。  The method for setting the water content of the coating liquid within the above-mentioned range is not particularly limited, but the water content can be easily adjusted by adding water to the coating liquid. By simply mixing the organic solvent, the organically modified clay complex and the binder resin as described above by the usual method, the water content of 0.15% by weight or more is hardly exhibited. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the water content within the above range by adding a small amount of water to a coating liquid in which an organic solvent, an organically modified clay complex and a binder resin are mixed. The time at which water is added is not particularly limited. However, if a predetermined amount of water is added after preparing a coating solution and measuring the moisture content after a certain period of time, reproducibility is improved. In addition, the moisture content can be controlled with high accuracy, which is preferable.
塗工液を塗布する方式は特に制限されるものではなく、 ダイレク ト ·グラビア 法、 リバース 'グラビア法、 ダイコート法、 カンマコート法、 バ一コート法など、 公知の各種の方式を用いることができる。  The method of applying the coating liquid is not particularly limited, and various known methods such as a direct gravure method, a reverse 'gravure method, a die coat method, a comma coat method, and a bar coat method can be used. .
上記塗工液を塗布する基材は、面内の位相差値 R。がほぼゼ口である材料であれ ば特に限定はないが、 鎖状ォレフィン樹脂からなる未延伸フィルム、 シクロォレ フィン樹脂からなる未延伸フィルム、 セルロースァシレート樹脂からなる未延伸 フィルムなどが好ましい。 また図 3に示すような第二複合偏光板を形成する場合、 この基材が偏光板 2 2 の保護層 2 7を兼ねるようにしてもよい。 この場合、 保護層 2 7上に上述した塗 ェ液を塗布して第二位相差板 2 3を形成した後、 第二位相差板 2 3付きの保護層 2 7を偏光フィルム 2 5と貼り合わせてもよいし、 予め保護層 2 7を貼り合わせ てなる偏光フィルム 2 5の保護層 2 7側に上述した塗工液を塗布して第二位相差 板 2 3を形成するようにしてもよい。 なお、 この場合、 第二位相差板 2 3と保護 層 2 7との間にプライマー層を形成するようにしてもよレ、。 The substrate on which the coating liquid is applied has an in-plane retardation value R. There is no particular limitation as long as it is a material having a substantially open mouth, but an unstretched film made of a chain olefin resin, an unstretched film made of a cycloolefin resin, an unstretched film made of a cellulose acylate resin, and the like are preferable. In the case of forming the second composite polarizing plate as shown in FIG. 3, this base material may also serve as the protective layer 27 of the polarizing plate 2 2. In this case, after applying the above-described coating liquid on the protective layer 27 to form the second retardation plate 23, the protective layer 27 with the second retardation plate 23 is attached to the polarizing film 25. Alternatively, the second retardation film 23 may be formed by applying the above-described coating liquid to the protective layer 27 side of the polarizing film 25 having the protective layer 27 bonded beforehand. Good. In this case, a primer layer may be formed between the second retardation plate 23 and the protective layer 27.
また、 本発明における第二複合偏光板に用いられる偏光板も、 第一複合偏光板 に用いられる偏光板と同様に、 当分野で一般に用いられているものであることが でき、 たとえばポリビュルアルコール樹脂に二色性色素 (ヨウ素、 二色性有機染 料など) が吸着配向された直線偏光フィルムの両面または片面に、 トリァセチル セルロース樹脂、 環状シクロォレフイン樹脂、 鎖状シクロォレフイン樹脂などの 樹脂フィルムからなる保護層を積層した構造が一般的に用いられる。 図 3には、 直線偏光フィルム 2 5の両面に保護層 2 6 , 2 7が設けられた偏光板 2 2を用い た場合が示されており、 また、 図 4には、 直線偏光フィルム 2 5の片面 (第二位 相差板 2 3が積層された側とは反対側の面) に保護層 2 6が設けられた偏光板 3 2を用いた場合が示されている。  Further, the polarizing plate used for the second composite polarizing plate in the present invention can be one generally used in the art, like the polarizing plate used for the first composite polarizing plate. Protection made of resin film such as triacetyl cellulose resin, cyclic cycloolefin resin, chain cycloolefin resin on both sides or one side of linear polarizing film with dichroic dye (iodine, dichroic organic dye, etc.) adsorbed and oriented on resin A structure in which layers are laminated is generally used. FIG. 3 shows the case where the polarizing plate 2 2 having protective layers 2 6 and 2 7 provided on both sides of the linear polarizing film 25 is used, and FIG. 4 shows the linear polarizing film 25. This shows a case in which a polarizing plate 3 2 provided with a protective layer 26 on one side (the side opposite to the side on which the second phase difference plate 23 is laminated) is used.
本発明における第二複合偏光板 2 1 , 3 1における第二位相差板 2 3の偏光板 2 2 , 3 2に隣接する側とは反対側に形成される感圧性接着剤層 2 4は、 第一複 合偏光板 1, 1 1における感圧性接着剤層 4について上述したのと同様に、 従来 から液晶表示装置用に用いられてきた種々の感圧性接着剤を用いて形成すること ができる。 また、 第二複合偏光板において、 保護層と偏光フィルム、 保護層また は偏光フィルムと第二位相差板との間の接着には、 第一複合偏光板における保護 層と偏光フィルム、 保護層または偏光フィルム第一位相差板との間の接着に好適 に用いられる上述した接着剤が同様に好適に用いられる。  The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 4 formed on the side opposite to the side adjacent to the polarizing plate 2 2, 3 2 of the second retardation plate 2 3 in the second composite polarizing plate 2 1, 3 1 in the present invention, In the same manner as described above for the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 4 in the first composite polarizing plate 1, 11, it can be formed using various pressure-sensitive adhesives conventionally used for liquid crystal display devices. . In the second composite polarizing plate, the protective layer and the polarizing film, the protective layer or the adhesion between the polarizing film and the second retardation plate, the protective layer and the polarizing film in the first composite polarizing plate, the protective layer or The above-mentioned adhesives that are preferably used for bonding with the polarizing film first retardation plate are also preferably used.
図 5 ( a ) は、 本発明の複合偏光板のセットを用いて製造される液晶表示装置 の一例を製造する様子を模式的に示す断面図であり、 図 5 ( b ) は各層を互いに ずらした状態で示す上面図である。 なお、 図 5には、 図 1に示した例の第一複合 偏光板 1と図 3に示した例の第二複合偏光板 2 1とを組み合わせた複合偏光板の セットを、 第一複合偏光板 1を液晶 i ル 5 0の一方側に貼り付け、 第二複合偏光 板 2 1を液晶セル 5 0の他方側に貼り付ける様子が、 各層を離間した状態で模式 的に示されている (感圧 tt接着剤層については図示を省略している) 。 Fig. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of manufacturing an example of a liquid crystal display device manufactured using the set of composite polarizing plates of the present invention. Fig. 5 (b) It is a top view shown in the shifted state. FIG. 5 shows a set of composite polarizing plates in which the first composite polarizing plate 1 in the example shown in FIG. 1 and the second composite polarizing plate 21 in the example shown in FIG. 3 are combined. The state in which the plate 1 is attached to one side of the liquid crystal 50 and the second composite polarizing plate 21 is attached to the other side of the liquid crystal cell 50 is schematically shown with the layers separated ( Pressure sensitive tt The adhesive layer is not shown).
本発明の複合偏光板のセットは、 垂直配向 (VA) モードの液晶表示装置に好 適に用いられる。 垂直配向モードの液晶表示装置に用いる場合、 図 5 ( b ) に示 すように、 第一複合偏光板 1は、 液晶セルの視認側 (フロント側) において、 偏 光板 2の吸収軸方向 2 aが液晶セルの水平方向 (長手方向) に平行となるように 配置され、 さらに偏光板 2の吸収軸方向 2 aと第一位相差板 3の遅相軸方向 3 a とが、 概ね垂直に交差するように配置されて、 貼り付けられる。 また、 第二複合 偏光板 2 1は、 液晶セルの視認側とは反対側 (リア側) において、 偏光板 2 2の 吸収軸方向 2 2 aが液晶セルの鉛直方向 (短手方向) に平行となるように配置さ れ、 さらに偏光板 2 2の吸収軸方向 2 2 aが第一複合偏光板 1における偏光板 2 の吸収軸方向 2 aと概ね垂直に交差するように配置されて、 貼り付けられる。 こ の場合、 液晶セルは、 V Aモードの液晶セルであれば、 その種類は特に制限され るものではない。  The composite polarizing plate set of the present invention is suitably used for a vertical alignment (VA) mode liquid crystal display device. When used in a liquid crystal display device in the vertical alignment mode, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the first composite polarizing plate 1 has an absorption axis direction 2a of the polarizing plate 2 on the viewing side (front side) of the liquid crystal cell. Is arranged in parallel with the horizontal direction (longitudinal direction) of the liquid crystal cell, and the absorption axis direction 2 a of the polarizing plate 2 and the slow axis direction 3 a of the first retardation plate 3 intersect each other substantially perpendicularly. Placed and pasted. In the second composite polarizing plate 21, the absorption axis direction 2 2 a of the polarizing plate 2 2 is parallel to the vertical direction (short direction) of the liquid crystal cell on the side opposite to the viewing side (rear side) of the liquid crystal cell. Further, the polarizing plate 2 2 is disposed so that the absorption axis direction 2 2 a of the polarizing plate 2 2 intersects the absorption axis direction 2 a of the polarizing plate 2 in the first composite polarizing plate 1 substantially perpendicularly, and is attached. Attached. In this case, the type of the liquid crystal cell is not particularly limited as long as it is a VA mode liquid crystal cell.
〔2〕 液晶表示装置 [2] Liquid crystal display device
本発明では、 上述したような本発明の複合偏光板のセットと液晶セルとを備え る液晶表示装置であって、 液晶セルの一方側に第一複合偏光板を配置するととも に、 液晶セルの他方側に第二複合偏光板を配置してなる液晶表示装置についても 提供する。 この液晶表示装置において、 第一複合偏光板は、 感圧'性接着剤層を介 して液晶セルに貼合され、 第二複合偏光板も、 感圧性接着剤層を介して液晶セル に貼合される。 上述したように、 本発明の複合偏光板のセットは、 見る角度を変 えた場合にも色目の変化が起こりにくく、良好な視野角特性を得ることができる。 したがって、 本発明の液晶表示装置は、 V Aモードの液晶表示装置として特に好 適に実現される According to the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device comprising the above-described set of composite polarizing plates of the present invention and a liquid crystal cell, wherein the first composite polarizing plate is disposed on one side of the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal cell A liquid crystal display device having a second composite polarizing plate disposed on the other side is also provided. In this liquid crystal display device, the first composite polarizing plate is bonded to the liquid crystal cell via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and the second composite polarizing plate is also bonded to the liquid crystal cell via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Combined. As described above, the set of the composite polarizing plate of the present invention hardly changes the color even when the viewing angle is changed, and can obtain good viewing angle characteristics. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is particularly preferable as a VA mode liquid crystal display device. Appropriately realized
〔3〕 複合偏光板ロール [3] Composite polarizing plate roll
本発明はまた、 吸収軸方向が長手方向と平行に配置された偏光板の長尺口ール に、 第一位相差板の長尺ロールが積層された構造を有し、 第一位相差板の遅相軸 方向と偏光板の吸収軸方向とが 8 0〜1 0 0 ° の角度で交差するように配置され ている複合偏光板ロールであって、 第一位相差板は、 プロピレン系樹脂を延伸し てなり、 面内の位相差値 R0 が 9 0〜2 0 0 n mの範囲にあり、 かつ、 フィルム の面内遅相軸方向の屈折率を n X、フィルムの面内進相軸方向の屈折率を n y、フィ ルムの厚み方向の屈折率を n zとしたときに Nz係数が 0 . 9 0〜1 . 1 0の範囲 にある複合偏光板ロールについても提供する。このような本発明の複合偏光板ロー ルは、 上述した本発明の複合偏光板のセットにおける第一複合偏光板を製造する ために好適に用いることができる。 本発明の複合偏光板ロールにおける第一位相差板の長尺ロールは、 本発明にお ける第一複合偏光板の第一位相差板について上述したように、 プロピレン樹脂を 用いていることで、 固定端横一軸延伸を施した場合であっても、 ある程度以上の ί  The present invention also has a structure in which a long roll of a first retardation plate is laminated on a long aperture of a polarizing plate in which an absorption axis direction is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction, and the first retardation plate The slow axis direction of the polarizing plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate are arranged so that they intersect at an angle of 80 to 100 °, and the first retardation plate is a propylene resin. The in-plane retardation value R0 is in the range of 90 to 200 nm, the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film is n X, and the in-plane fast axis of the film A composite polarizing plate roll having an Nz coefficient in the range of 0.90 to 1.10 when the refractive index in the direction is ny and the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film is nz is also provided. Such a composite polarizing plate roll of the present invention can be suitably used for producing the first composite polarizing plate in the above-described set of composite polarizing plates of the present invention. As described above for the first retardation plate of the first composite polarizing plate in the present invention, the long roll of the first retardation plate in the composite polarizing plate roll of the present invention uses a propylene resin. Even when fixed end uniaxial stretching is applied,
高倍率で延伸することで完全一軸性の特性を得ることができる。 このため、 本発 明の複合偏光板ロールにおける第一位相差板は、 プロピレン樹脂を固定端横一軸 延伸して得られたフィルムであることが好ましく、 これによつて、 本発明の複合 偏光板ロールにおける第一位相差板の遅相軸方向がフィルムの長手方向と 9 0度 異なる方向 (=幅方向) と概ね平行となるため、 偏光板の長尺ロールとロール · ツー .ロールで貼り合わせて容易に製造することが可能となる。 このようにして 製造された本発明の複合偏光板ロールを、 適宜の大きさに裁断することで、 上述 した本発明の複合偏光板のセットに用いられる第一複合偏光板が容易に製造され る。 以下に実施例を挙げて、 本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、 本発明はこれら実 施例に限定されるものではない。 例中、 使用量ないし含有量を表す 「部」 および 「%」 は、 特記ない限り重量基準である。 また、 面内の位相差値 R。、 厚み方向の 位相差値 Rth、 および Nz係数はいずれも、 自動複屈折測定装置 KO BRA— 2 1ADH (王子計測機器 (株) 製) を用いて測定された値である。 Fully uniaxial characteristics can be obtained by stretching at a high magnification. For this reason, it is preferable that the first retardation plate in the composite polarizing plate roll of the present invention is a film obtained by stretching a propylene resin laterally uniaxially, and thus the composite polarizing plate of the present invention. Since the slow axis direction of the first retardation plate in the roll is approximately parallel to the direction (= width direction) that is 90 degrees different from the longitudinal direction of the film, it is bonded with a long polarizing plate roll and a roll-to-roll. And can be manufactured easily. By cutting the composite polarizing plate roll of the present invention thus manufactured into an appropriate size, the first composite polarizing plate used for the set of the composite polarizing plate of the present invention described above can be easily manufactured. . EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the examples, “parts” and “%” representing the amount used or content are based on weight unless otherwise specified. In-plane retardation value R. The thickness direction retardation value Rth and Nz coefficient are all values measured using an automatic birefringence measuring device KO BRA-2 21ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
ぐ実施例 1 >  Example 1>
(第一複合偏光板のサンプル 1の作製)  (Preparation of sample 1 of the first composite polarizing plate)
ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム (住友ノーブレン W151、 住友化学 (株) 製) を製膜し 40 ^um厚のフィルムを得た後、 固定端横一軸延伸し、 完全一軸性の位 相差フィルムである第一位相差板を得た。 この第一位相差板の一方の面に、 トリ ァセチルセルロースを保護層として有する偏光板を、 偏光フィルムが露出してい る側が第一位相差板に隣接し、 偏光板の吸収軸方向と第一位相差板の遅相軸方向 とが交差するように配置させた状態で接着剤を介して貼り合わせた。 さらに、 第 一位相差板の偏光板が隣接する側とは反対側の面に、 セパレートフィルム上に形 成した感圧性接着剤層 (P— 3132、 リンテック (株) 製) を転写して、 第一 複合偏光板のサンプル 1を作製した。第一位相差板の面内の位相差値 R。は 140 nm、 Nz係数は 1. 00であった。  Polypropylene resin film (Sumitomo Nobrene W151, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was formed to obtain a 40 ^ um thick film, and then the fixed phase was uniaxially stretched at the fixed end. I got a plate. A polarizing plate having triacetyl cellulose as a protective layer on one surface of the first retardation plate, the side where the polarizing film is exposed is adjacent to the first retardation plate, and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate The layers were bonded together with an adhesive in a state where they were arranged so that the slow axis direction of one phase difference plate intersected. In addition, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (P-3132, manufactured by Lintec Corporation) formed on a separate film was transferred to the surface of the first retardation plate opposite to the side adjacent to the polarizing plate. Sample 1 of the first composite polarizing plate was produced. In-plane retardation value R of the first retardation plate. Was 140 nm and the Nz coefficient was 1.00.
(第二複合偏光板のサンプル 1の作製)  (Preparation of sample 1 of the second composite polarizing plate)
有機修飾粘土複合体として、 合成へク トライ トと トリオクチルメチルアンモニ ゥムイオンとの複合体であるルーセンタイト STN (コープケミカル (株) 製) を用い、 またバインダー樹脂として、 イソホロンジイソシァネートベースのポリ ウレタン樹脂で固形分濃度 30%の樹脂ワニスである SB Uラッカー 0866 (住 化バイエルウレタン (株) 製) を用い、 以下の組成で第二位相差板作製用の塗工 液を調製した。  As the organically modified clay complex, Lucentite STN (manufactured by Co-op Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a complex of synthetic hepatite and trioctylmethylammonium ion, is used, and isophorone diisocyanate base is used as the binder resin. Using SB U lacquer 0866 (manufactured by Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd.), which is a polyurethane resin and a resin varnish with a solid content of 30%, a coating solution for preparing a second retardation plate was prepared with the following composition.
' ウレタン樹脂ワニス (SBUラッカー 0866) 16. 0部 '' Urethane resin varnish (SBU lacquer 0866) 16. 0 parts
•有機修飾粘土複合体 (ルーセンタイ ト STN) 7. 2部• Organic modified clay complex (Lucentite STN) 7.2 parts
• トルエン 76. 8部 '水 0. 3部 ここで用いた有機修飾粘土複合体は、 メーカーにて、 有機修飾前の合成ヘク ト ライト製造後に酸洗浄し、 それを有機修飾し、 さらに水洗した状態で入手したも のである。 そこに含まれる塩素量は 1 1 1 1 p pmであった。 また、 この塗工液 は、 上記組成で混合し、 攪拌後、 孔径 1 μπιのフィルターで濾過して調製したも のであり、カールフィッシヤー水分計で測定された含水率は 0. 25%であった。 この塗工液における有機修飾粘土複合体/バインダー樹脂の固形分重量比は 6ノ 4であった。 • Toluene 76.8 parts 'Water 0.3 parts The organically modified clay complex used here was obtained by the manufacturer after the synthetic hectorite production prior to the organic modification was acid washed, organically modified, and further washed with water. is there. The amount of chlorine contained therein was 1 1 1 1 p pm. In addition, this coating solution was prepared by mixing with the above composition, stirring, and filtering through a filter having a pore size of 1 μπι, and the water content measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter was 0.25%. It was. The weight ratio of the solid content of the organic modified clay complex / binder resin in this coating solution was 6-4.
上述のように調製した塗工液を、 トリァセチルセルロースフィルム (KC8U X2MW、 コニカミノルタ (株) 製) 上に乾燥後の厚みが 6. 3 / mになるよう に、卓上ギャップコーターでダイレクト塗工し、 80°Cで 2分乾燥することでコー ティング位相差層を形成して、 第二位相差板を得た。 得られた第二位相差板は、 面内の位相差値 R0が 0. 2 nm、 厚み方向の位相差値 Rthが 1 70 n mであつ た。  Apply the coating solution prepared as described above directly on a triacetyl cellulose film (KC8U X2MW, manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd.) with a desktop gap coater so that the thickness after drying is 6.3 / m. Then, a coating retardation layer was formed by drying at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes to obtain a second retardation plate. The obtained second retardation plate had an in-plane retardation value R0 of 0.2 nm and a thickness direction retardation value Rth of 170 nm.
この第二位相差板のトリァセチルセルロース面側を、 一方の面にトリァセチル セルロースを保護層として有する偏光板の偏光フィルムが露出している側に接着 剤で貼りあわせ、 さらに、 第二位相差板上に、 セパレートフィルム上に形成した 感圧性接着剤層 (P_3132、 リンテック (株) 製) を転写して、 第二複合偏 光板のサンプル 1を得た。  The second retardation plate is bonded to the triacetyl cellulose surface side with an adhesive on the side of the polarizing plate where the polarizing film of the polarizing plate having triacetyl cellulose as a protective layer is exposed on one surface. A pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (P_3132, manufactured by Lintec Co., Ltd.) formed on the separate film was transferred to obtain Sample 1 of the second composite polarizing plate.
(液晶表示装置)  (Liquid crystal display device)
市販の液晶テレビ (BRAV I A KDL40V2500, ソニー (株) 製) を分解し、 液晶セルに貼り付けてあつたフィルムを全て剥がした後、 視認側 (フ ロント側) に、 偏光板の吸収軸方向が液晶テレビの水平方向 (長手方向) に平行 となるように感圧性接着剤層を介して第一複合偏光板のサンプル 1を貼り付けた。 さらに、 液晶セルの視認側とは逆側 (リア側) に、 吸収軸方向が液晶テレビの鉛 直方向 (短手方向) に平行となるように感圧性接着剤層を介して第二複合偏光板 のサンプル 1を偏光板を貼り付けて、 液晶表示装置を得た。 <比較例 1〜4> After disassembling a commercially available LCD TV (BRAV IA KDL40V2500, manufactured by Sony Corporation) and peeling off all the film attached to the liquid crystal cell, the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate is on the viewing side (front side). Sample 1 of the first composite polarizing plate was attached via a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer so as to be parallel to the horizontal direction (longitudinal direction) of the liquid crystal television. Furthermore, the second composite polarized light is passed through the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer so that the absorption axis direction is parallel to the lead straight direction (short direction) of the liquid crystal television on the opposite side (rear side) to the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell. A polarizing plate was attached to Sample 1 of the plate to obtain a liquid crystal display device. <Comparative Examples 1 to 4>
シクロォレフイン系樹脂であるノルボルネン樹脂フィルム(Z EONOR、 (株) ォプテス製) を固定端横一軸延伸し、 表 1に示すような面内の位相差値 R0およ び Nz係数をそれぞれ有する第一位相差板を作製し、 これらをそれぞれ用いたこ と以外は実施例 1と同様にして、 第一複合偏光板のサンプノレ 2〜 5を作製した。 また、 表 2に示すような面内の位相差値 R。および厚み方向の位相差値 Rth をそ れぞれ有する第二位相差板を作製し、 これらをそれぞれ用いたこと以外は実施例 1と同様にして、 第二複合偏光板のサンプル 2〜 5を作製した。 これらの第一複 合偏光板のサンプルと第二複合偏光板のサンプルとを表 3に示すように組み合わ せたこと以外は実施例 1と同様にして、比較例 1〜 4の液晶表示装置を作製した。  A norbornene resin film (Z EONOR, manufactured by Optes Co., Ltd.), which is a cycloolefin-based resin, is uniaxially stretched at the fixed end, and has the in-plane retardation value R0 and Nz coefficient as shown in Table 1, respectively. Sample plates 2 to 5 of the first composite polarizing plate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that retardation plates were produced and these were used respectively. In-plane retardation value R as shown in Table 2. Samples 2 to 5 of the second composite polarizing plate were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that second retardation plates each having a retardation value Rth in the thickness direction were prepared. Produced. The liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the samples of the first composite polarizing plate and the sample of the second composite polarizing plate were combined as shown in Table 3. Produced.
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000039_0002
Figure imgf000039_0003
ぐ評価試験 >
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000039_0002
Figure imgf000039_0003
Evaluation test>
実施例 1、 比較例 1〜4で得られた液晶表示装置の評価試験として、 視野角 測定装置 (EZ_c o n t r a s t 88XL、 ELD I M社製) を用いて、 白、 黒表示させた際の、 コントラスト比 (=白表示時の輝度 黒表示時の輝度) 力 方位角 4 5度方向において 1 0 0以上である仰角の角度範囲として C R (コント ラスト) 視野角を測定した。 表 3には、 この C R視野角の測定結果も併せて示し ている。 As an evaluation test of the liquid crystal display devices obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, using a viewing angle measuring device (EZ_contrast 88XL, manufactured by ELD IM), white, Contrast ratio when displaying black (= brightness when displaying white) brightness Azimuth angle 4 Measure the CR (contrast) viewing angle as an angular range of more than 100 in the 5 degree direction. did. Table 3 also shows the measurement results of this CR viewing angle.
また図 6は、 実施例 1、 比較例 1〜4で得られた液晶表示装置の第一位相差板 の Nz係数と C R視野角との関係を示すグラフである。 図 6から、 完全一軸性の 位相差フィルムを第一位相差板として用いた場合には、 良好な視野角特性が得ら れていることが分かる。 これに対し、 一軸性の位相差フィルムであっても、 やや 二軸性を帯びてくることで視野角特性が悪くなっていることが分かる。 産業上の利用可能性  FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the Nz coefficient of the first retardation plate of the liquid crystal display devices obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and the CR viewing angle. From FIG. 6, it can be seen that when a completely uniaxial retardation film is used as the first retardation film, a good viewing angle characteristic is obtained. In contrast, even with a uniaxial retardation film, it can be seen that the viewing angle characteristics deteriorate due to the slightly biaxiality. Industrial applicability
本発明の複合偏光板のセットは、 見る角度を変えた場合にも色目の変化が起こ りにくく、 良好な視野角特性を得ることができ、 特に垂直配向モードの液晶表示 装置用として有用である。  The set of the composite polarizing plate of the present invention hardly changes the color even when the viewing angle is changed, and can obtain a good viewing angle characteristic, and is particularly useful for a liquid crystal display device in a vertical alignment mode. .

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
1. 吸収軸方向が長手方向と平行に配置された偏光板の長尺ロールに、 第一位相 差板の長尺口一ルが積層された構造を有し、 第一位相差板の遅相軸方向と偏光板 の吸収軸方向とが 80〜100° の角度で交差するように配置されている複合偏 光板ロールであって、 第一位相差板は、 プロピレン系樹脂を延伸してなり、 面 内の位相差値 R。が 90〜200 nmの範囲にあり、かつ、フィルムの面内遅相軸 方向の屈折率を nx、 フィルムの面内進相軸方向の屈折率を ny、 フィルムの厚み 方向の屈折率を nzとしたときに下式で定義される Nz係数が 0. 90〜1. 10 の範囲にある、 複合偏光板ロール。  1. A structure in which a long roll of a first retardation plate is laminated on a long roll of a polarizing plate whose absorption axis direction is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction, and the slow phase of the first retardation plate A polarizing plate roll disposed so that an axial direction and an absorption axis direction of a polarizing plate intersect at an angle of 80 to 100 °, and the first retardation plate is formed by stretching a propylene-based resin, In-plane retardation value R. Is in the range of 90 to 200 nm, the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film is nx, the refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film is ny, and the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film is nz. A composite polarizing plate roll having an Nz coefficient defined by the following formula in the range of 0.90 to 1.10.
Nz係数 = ηχ— ηζ) / (ηχ— ny  Nz coefficient = ηχ— ηζ) / (ηχ— ny
2. 第一位相差板がプロピレン系樹脂を固定端横一軸延伸して得られたフィルム である、 請求項 1に記載の複合偏光板ロール。 2. The composite polarizing plate roll according to claim 1, wherein the first retardation plate is a film obtained by transversely uniaxially stretching a propylene-based resin.
3.液晶表示装置に用いる第一複合偏光板と第二複合偏光板とのセットであって、 第一複合偏光板は、 偏光板と、 第一位相差板と、 感圧性接着剤層とがこの順で積 層された構造を有し、第一位相差板は、プロピレン樹脂を延伸してなる位相差フィ ルムであって、面内の位相差値 R。が 90〜200 nmの範囲にあり、 かつ、 フィ ルムの面内遅相軸方向の屈折率を nx、フィルムの面内進相軸方向の屈折率を n y、 フィルムの厚み方向の屈折率を nzとしたときに下式で定義される Nz係数が 0. 90〜1. 10の範囲にあり、 かつ、 その遅相軸方向と偏光板の吸収軸方向とが 80〜100° の角度で交差するように配置され、 3. A set of a first composite polarizing plate and a second composite polarizing plate used in a liquid crystal display device, wherein the first composite polarizing plate comprises a polarizing plate, a first retardation plate, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. The first retardation plate is a retardation film formed by stretching a propylene resin, and has an in-plane retardation value R. Is in the range of 90 to 200 nm, the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film is nx, the refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film is ny, and the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film is nz The Nz coefficient defined by the following formula is in the range of 0.90 to 1.10, and the slow axis direction and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate intersect at an angle of 80 to 100 °. Arranged as
第二複合偏光板は、 偏光板と、 第二位相差板と、 感圧性接着剤層とがこの順で 積層された構造を有し、 第二位相差板は、 有機修飾粘土複合体とバインダー樹脂 とを含み、面内の位相差値 R。が 0〜 30 nmの範囲にあり、厚み方向の位相差値 Rthが 30〜300 nmの範囲にある、 複合偏光板セッ ト。 Nz係数 = ( n x— n z) Z ( n x— n y) The second composite polarizing plate has a structure in which a polarizing plate, a second retardation plate, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are laminated in this order. The second retardation plate comprises an organically modified clay composite and a binder. In-plane retardation value R. Is a composite polarizing plate set having a thickness direction retardation value Rth in the range of 30 to 300 nm. Nz coefficient = (nx— nz) Z (nx— ny)
4 . 第一位相差板がプロピレン樹脂を固定端横一軸延伸して得られたフィルムで ある、 請求項 3に記載の複合偏光板セット。  4. The composite polarizing plate set according to claim 3, wherein the first retardation plate is a film obtained by stretching uniaxially stretching propylene resin at a fixed end.
5 . 垂直配向モードの液晶表示装置に用いられる、 請求項 3または 4に記載の複 合偏光板セット。 5. The composite polarizing plate set according to claim 3 or 4, which is used in a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device.
6 . 請求項 3または 4いずれかに記載の複合偏光板セットと液晶セルとを備える 液晶表示装置であって、 液晶セルの一方側に第一複合偏光板をその感圧性接着剤 層を介して貼合するとともに、 液晶セルの他方側に第二複合偏光板をその感圧性 接着剤層を介して貼合してなる、 液晶表示装置。 6. A liquid crystal display device comprising the composite polarizing plate set according to claim 3 or 4 and a liquid crystal cell, wherein the first composite polarizing plate is disposed on one side of the liquid crystal cell via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. A liquid crystal display device comprising a second composite polarizing plate bonded to the other side of the liquid crystal cell via a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
7.請求項 5に記載の複合偏光板セットと液晶セルとを備える液晶表示装置であつ て、 液晶セルの一方側に第一複合偏光板をその感圧性接着剤層を介して貼合する とともに、 液晶セルの他方側に第二複合偏光板をその感圧性接着剤層を介して貼 合してなる、 液晶表示装置。 7. A liquid crystal display device comprising the composite polarizing plate set according to claim 5 and a liquid crystal cell, wherein the first composite polarizing plate is bonded to one side of the liquid crystal cell via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. A liquid crystal display device comprising a second composite polarizing plate bonded to the other side of the liquid crystal cell via a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
PCT/JP2008/072212 2007-12-06 2008-12-01 Composite polarizing plate roll, composite polarizing plate set and liquid crystal display WO2009072638A1 (en)

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