WO2009038044A1 - ディーゼルエンジン - Google Patents

ディーゼルエンジン Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009038044A1
WO2009038044A1 PCT/JP2008/066658 JP2008066658W WO2009038044A1 WO 2009038044 A1 WO2009038044 A1 WO 2009038044A1 JP 2008066658 W JP2008066658 W JP 2008066658W WO 2009038044 A1 WO2009038044 A1 WO 2009038044A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diesel engine
piston
prevented
burned
diluted
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2008/066658
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gou Asai
Takeshi Takahashi
Terumitsu Takahata
Takahiko Kimura
Tomoyuki Tsuda
Original Assignee
Yanmar Co., Ltd.
Denso Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yanmar Co., Ltd., Denso Corporation filed Critical Yanmar Co., Ltd.
Priority to US12/678,644 priority Critical patent/US8327822B2/en
Priority to BRPI0817123 priority patent/BRPI0817123A2/pt
Priority to DE112008002527T priority patent/DE112008002527T5/de
Priority to CN2008801079422A priority patent/CN101802360B/zh
Publication of WO2009038044A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009038044A1/ja

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0678Unconventional, complex or non-rotationally symmetrical shapes of the combustion space, e.g. flower like, having special shapes related to the orientation of the fuel spray jets
    • F02B23/0693Unconventional, complex or non-rotationally symmetrical shapes of the combustion space, e.g. flower like, having special shapes related to the orientation of the fuel spray jets the combustion space consisting of step-wise widened multiple zones of different depth
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0648Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
    • F02B23/0651Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0669Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having multiple fuel spray jets per injector nozzle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0672Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

シリンダライナ壁面における潤滑油の燃焼及び潤滑油の希釈化を防止し、かつ、燃焼室における局所的な空気不足に起因するスモークが発生することを防止するディーゼルエンジンを提供することを課題とする。本発明のディーゼルエンジンは、群噴孔ノズル20を有し、ピストン頂面111の全周に亘って、ピストン110の径方向外周に向けて高さが増加するステップ115を有する。また、ステップ115の段差面として傾斜部115bが形成される。
PCT/JP2008/066658 2007-09-21 2008-09-16 ディーゼルエンジン WO2009038044A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/678,644 US8327822B2 (en) 2007-09-21 2008-09-16 Diesel engine
BRPI0817123 BRPI0817123A2 (pt) 2007-09-21 2008-09-16 Motor a diesel
DE112008002527T DE112008002527T5 (de) 2007-09-21 2008-09-16 Dieselmotor
CN2008801079422A CN101802360B (zh) 2007-09-21 2008-09-16 柴油机

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007245022A JP5196637B2 (ja) 2007-09-21 2007-09-21 ディーゼルエンジン
JP2007-245022 2007-09-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009038044A1 true WO2009038044A1 (ja) 2009-03-26

Family

ID=40467858

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2008/066658 WO2009038044A1 (ja) 2007-09-21 2008-09-16 ディーゼルエンジン

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US8327822B2 (ja)
JP (1) JP5196637B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN101802360B (ja)
BR (1) BRPI0817123A2 (ja)
DE (1) DE112008002527T5 (ja)
RU (1) RU2010115762A (ja)
WO (1) WO2009038044A1 (ja)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009050265A1 (de) * 2009-10-21 2010-09-02 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Kolben für Brennkraftmaschinen
FR2947009A1 (fr) * 2009-06-23 2010-12-24 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Piston pour chambre de combustion de moteur diesel.
DE102009025404A1 (de) * 2009-06-16 2011-01-20 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Kolben für ventilgesteuerte Hubkolben-Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen
JP2012189041A (ja) * 2011-03-14 2012-10-04 Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc ディーゼルエンジン
WO2014196423A1 (ja) * 2013-06-06 2014-12-11 日野自動車株式会社 直噴式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室構造
JP5962835B1 (ja) * 2015-10-30 2016-08-03 いすゞ自動車株式会社 エンジンのピストン
US20180238264A1 (en) * 2017-02-19 2018-08-23 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Diesel piston with stepped bowl
US20190153976A1 (en) * 2017-11-20 2019-05-23 Man Truck & Bus Ag Piston, in particular for an hpdi diesel/gas internal combustion engine

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9234451B2 (en) * 2010-04-20 2016-01-12 Caterpillar Inc. Piston having combustion bowl shaped to balance combustion efficiency and emission properties
US8978621B2 (en) * 2010-04-20 2015-03-17 Caterpillar Inc. Piston having combustion bowl shaped to balance combustion efficiency and emission properties
DE102011017479A1 (de) * 2011-04-19 2012-10-25 Daimler Ag Brennkraftmaschine
DE102011119215B4 (de) * 2011-11-23 2021-07-22 Daimler Ag Verbrennungsverfahren und Brennkraftmaschine
US9470197B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2016-10-18 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector having turbulence-reducing sac
CN103046997A (zh) * 2012-12-28 2013-04-17 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种柴油发动机及其燃烧室
US9328693B2 (en) 2013-07-17 2016-05-03 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. Piston, engine and operating method for reduced production of particulate matter
FR3012522B1 (fr) * 2013-10-25 2018-08-24 IFP Energies Nouvelles Moteur a combustion a injection directe de combustible a allumage par compression et procede d'injection de combustible pour un tel moteur.
FR3016926B1 (fr) * 2014-01-29 2018-12-07 IFP Energies Nouvelles Moteur a combustion a injection directe de combustible et plus particulierement moteur a allumage par compression avec faible taux de compression
CN103835803B (zh) * 2014-02-24 2016-02-24 大连理工大学 柴油机碰撞分流燃烧室
FR3018552B1 (fr) * 2014-03-14 2019-07-05 IFP Energies Nouvelles Moteur a combustion a injection directe de combustible a allumage par compression comprenant des moyens de refroidissement du piston.
FR3019589B1 (fr) * 2014-04-03 2019-06-07 IFP Energies Nouvelles Procede d'injection de combustible dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur a combustion interne fonctionnant en monocarburation ou en multicarburation
US20170159549A1 (en) * 2014-05-22 2017-06-08 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Combustion Chamber Structure for Diesel Engine
JP6197750B2 (ja) * 2014-06-09 2017-09-20 マツダ株式会社 ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室構造
US9611806B2 (en) 2014-11-18 2017-04-04 Caterpillar Inc. Engine piston
JP6090638B2 (ja) * 2015-01-09 2017-03-08 マツダ株式会社 エンジンの燃焼室構造
US20160298528A1 (en) * 2015-04-13 2016-10-13 Caterpillar Inc. Ducted Combustion Systems Utilizing Curved Ducts
JP6485489B2 (ja) * 2017-05-23 2019-03-20 マツダ株式会社 エンジンの制御装置及びエンジンの制御方法
US10731600B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2020-08-04 Deere & Company Piston with soot reducing piston bowl
JP7047785B2 (ja) * 2019-01-18 2022-04-05 マツダ株式会社 圧縮着火エンジン
JP7310387B2 (ja) * 2019-07-10 2023-07-19 マツダ株式会社 エンジンの燃焼室構造
DE102022117345A1 (de) 2022-07-12 2024-01-18 Man Truck & Bus Se Brennkraftmaschine, vorzugsweise zum Ausführen eines Diffusionsbrennverfahrens
CN116988868B (zh) * 2023-09-26 2024-02-06 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所 燃烧结构、组织燃烧的方法、计算机可读介质、内燃机

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5742164U (ja) * 1980-08-13 1982-03-08
JPS58183933U (ja) * 1982-06-03 1983-12-07 三菱重工業株式会社 デイ−ゼル機関の燃焼室
JPS601961U (ja) * 1983-05-04 1985-01-09 日産自動車株式会社 直接噴射式デイ−ゼル機関の燃料噴射ノズル
JPS6287665A (ja) * 1985-10-14 1987-04-22 Mitsubishi Motors Corp 直噴式デイ−ゼルエンジン用燃料噴射ノズル
JPS6394021A (ja) * 1986-10-08 1988-04-25 Mazda Motor Corp 直噴式デイ−ゼルエンジン
JP2000220520A (ja) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-08 Komatsu Ltd 内燃機関のピストン
JP2001207853A (ja) * 2000-01-24 2001-08-03 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 直噴式ディーゼルエンジン
JP2006022781A (ja) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 直接燃料噴射式ディーゼル機関
JP2006125388A (ja) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-18 Caterpillar Inc 二重ボウルピストン
JP2006242159A (ja) * 2005-03-07 2006-09-14 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料噴射弁
JP2007211644A (ja) * 2006-02-08 2007-08-23 Hino Motors Ltd 直噴式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室構造

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2172170A (en) * 1939-06-17 1939-09-05 Megroot John Peter Internal combustion engine
JPS5742164A (en) 1980-08-27 1982-03-09 Hitachi Ltd Semiconductor device
JPS58183933A (ja) 1982-04-19 1983-10-27 クレイン・カンパニ− 接触媒体
FR2534970A1 (fr) * 1982-10-22 1984-04-27 Chenesseau Moteur a combustion interne utilisable avec un carburant a haute chaleur de vaporisation
JPS601961A (ja) 1983-06-17 1985-01-08 Nec Corp フアクシミリ画情報検索要求方式
GB2182724B (en) 1985-10-08 1988-12-07 Rolls Royce Gas turbine engine thrust reverser
MX160282A (es) * 1986-10-20 1990-01-25 Elsbett L Mejoras a motor diesel para vehiculos
DE19649052A1 (de) 1996-11-27 1998-05-28 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Dieselmotor mit Direkteinspritzung und einer Kolbenmulde
WO2002033236A2 (de) * 2000-10-22 2002-04-25 Westport Germany Gmbh Brennkraftmaschine mit einblasung von gasförmigem kraftstoff
JP2003286879A (ja) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-10 Mazda Motor Corp ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼制御装置
US7032566B2 (en) * 2003-05-30 2006-04-25 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector nozzle for an internal combustion engine
JP4155251B2 (ja) 2004-09-02 2008-09-24 株式会社デンソー 燃料噴射ノズル
RU47980U1 (ru) 2004-12-30 2005-09-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Заволжский моторный завод" Камера сгорания дизельного двигателя с непосредственным впрыском топлива
JP4767775B2 (ja) * 2006-07-04 2011-09-07 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料直噴ディーゼルエンジン
KR101040344B1 (ko) * 2008-09-12 2011-06-10 서울대학교산학협력단 차량의 연소 시스템
US8671908B2 (en) * 2009-07-31 2014-03-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Glow plug placement in a diesel engine

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5742164U (ja) * 1980-08-13 1982-03-08
JPS58183933U (ja) * 1982-06-03 1983-12-07 三菱重工業株式会社 デイ−ゼル機関の燃焼室
JPS601961U (ja) * 1983-05-04 1985-01-09 日産自動車株式会社 直接噴射式デイ−ゼル機関の燃料噴射ノズル
JPS6287665A (ja) * 1985-10-14 1987-04-22 Mitsubishi Motors Corp 直噴式デイ−ゼルエンジン用燃料噴射ノズル
JPS6394021A (ja) * 1986-10-08 1988-04-25 Mazda Motor Corp 直噴式デイ−ゼルエンジン
JP2000220520A (ja) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-08 Komatsu Ltd 内燃機関のピストン
JP2001207853A (ja) * 2000-01-24 2001-08-03 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 直噴式ディーゼルエンジン
JP2006022781A (ja) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 直接燃料噴射式ディーゼル機関
JP2006125388A (ja) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-18 Caterpillar Inc 二重ボウルピストン
JP2006242159A (ja) * 2005-03-07 2006-09-14 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料噴射弁
JP2007211644A (ja) * 2006-02-08 2007-08-23 Hino Motors Ltd 直噴式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室構造

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009025404A1 (de) * 2009-06-16 2011-01-20 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Kolben für ventilgesteuerte Hubkolben-Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen
DE102009025404B4 (de) * 2009-06-16 2018-01-25 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Kolben für ventilgesteuerte Hubkolben-Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen
FR2947009A1 (fr) * 2009-06-23 2010-12-24 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Piston pour chambre de combustion de moteur diesel.
DE102009050265A1 (de) * 2009-10-21 2010-09-02 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Kolben für Brennkraftmaschinen
JP2012189041A (ja) * 2011-03-14 2012-10-04 Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc ディーゼルエンジン
WO2014196423A1 (ja) * 2013-06-06 2014-12-11 日野自動車株式会社 直噴式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室構造
JP5962835B1 (ja) * 2015-10-30 2016-08-03 いすゞ自動車株式会社 エンジンのピストン
US20180238264A1 (en) * 2017-02-19 2018-08-23 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Diesel piston with stepped bowl
DE102018102890A1 (de) 2017-02-19 2018-08-23 Gm Global Technology Operations, Llc Dieselkolben mit gestufter Mulde
US20190153976A1 (en) * 2017-11-20 2019-05-23 Man Truck & Bus Ag Piston, in particular for an hpdi diesel/gas internal combustion engine
US10890136B2 (en) * 2017-11-20 2021-01-12 Man Truck & Bus Ag Piston, in particular for an HPDI diesel/gas internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101802360B (zh) 2012-06-06
JP5196637B2 (ja) 2013-05-15
BRPI0817123A2 (pt) 2015-03-31
DE112008002527T5 (de) 2010-08-12
US20100258077A1 (en) 2010-10-14
RU2010115762A (ru) 2011-10-27
JP2009074457A (ja) 2009-04-09
CN101802360A (zh) 2010-08-11
US8327822B2 (en) 2012-12-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2009038044A1 (ja) ディーゼルエンジン
WO2009074296A3 (en) Piston with a cooling gallery
WO2007039819A3 (en) Piston having improved cooling characteristics
WO2008061486A3 (de) Zweiteiliger kolben für einen verbrennungsmotor
CA2491821A1 (en) Optimized low emission two-stroke internal combustion diesel engine
WO2007076811A3 (de) Kolben für einen verbrennungsmotor
WO2007127586A3 (en) Cylinder liner and methods of construction thereof and improving engine performance therewith
WO2007135534A3 (en) Piston for internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine with the same
WO2007105080A3 (en) Control apparatus and control method of an internal conbustion engine
US20170321625A1 (en) Piston assembly for an engine
WO2006017051A3 (en) Auto-ignition gasoline engine combustion chamber and method
WO2005103456A3 (de) Ölversorgung für einen verbrennungsmotor
US8813713B2 (en) Piston with cylindrical wall
JPWO2016072391A1 (ja) ユニフロー掃気式2サイクルエンジン
GB0701110D0 (en) Pistons for internal combustion engines
EP1865182A3 (en) A cylinder head for an engine
WO2007012373A8 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines kolbens für einen verbrennungsmotor sowie kolben für einen verbrennungsmotor
WO2001000979A3 (en) Low emission piston and ring for internal combustion engine
ATE519975T1 (de) Funktionsoptimierte gestaltung des kolben- ringfeldbereiches bei stahlkolben
WO2006017866A3 (de) Brennkraftmaschine
EP1788218A3 (en) Internal combustion engine having scavenging control valve
US8141476B2 (en) Durable piston and a ring unit for the durable piston
JP2006112360A (ja) ピストン装置
MXPA03003541A (es) Un motor de combustion interna con una nueva camara de combustion.
JP4609708B2 (ja) 火花点火式直噴エンジン

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200880107942.2

Country of ref document: CN

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08832242

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2024/DELNP/2010

Country of ref document: IN

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1120080025274

Country of ref document: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2010115762

Country of ref document: RU

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 12678644

Country of ref document: US

RET De translation (de og part 6b)

Ref document number: 112008002527

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20100812

Kind code of ref document: P

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 08832242

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: PI0817123

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20100319