WO2009030668A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum abbau von schadstoffen in einer flüssigkeit sowie verwendung einer solchen vorrichtung - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum abbau von schadstoffen in einer flüssigkeit sowie verwendung einer solchen vorrichtung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009030668A1 WO2009030668A1 PCT/EP2008/061501 EP2008061501W WO2009030668A1 WO 2009030668 A1 WO2009030668 A1 WO 2009030668A1 EP 2008061501 W EP2008061501 W EP 2008061501W WO 2009030668 A1 WO2009030668 A1 WO 2009030668A1
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- liquid
- electrode
- electrodes
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device, a method and the use of such a device for the degradation of pollutants in a liquid, in particular for the degradation of pollutants in an aqueous medium.
- the degradation of harmful substances is mainly due to the oxidizing effect of OH radicals.
- the liquid is treated to degrade the pollutants in a device having an array of positively and negatively charged electrodes disposed in a container flooded by the liquid.
- the electrodes are each separated from each other to form a working space. For continuous treatment of the liquid this is supplied by means of an inlet and outlet to the working space.
- Such a device and a method for operating such a device are, for example, in the non-prepublished application:
- humic substances are generally weakly brown to black colored, usually formed in humus soils, understood organic substances that have no reproducible chemical structure and lent properties and different properties have.
- One possible method for purifying such effluents is by oxidation of the corresponding lignin or humic substances.
- the oxidation takes place by introducing ozone (O 3 ) into the wastewater. After being introduced into water, ozone decomposes into OH radicals which have an oxidizing effect.
- ozonizers are used to purify wastewater with ozone.
- Ozonizers use pure oxygen as the starting material and generate ozone by means of a high voltage between 10 kV and 40 kV.
- Ozonizers have a poor efficiency.
- Electrochemical processes have a significantly higher overall efficiency compared to ozonizers.
- OH radicals To generate OH radicals, a certain amount of charge is required, which depends on the type of reaction. In addition, parasitic side reactions take place, which limit the efficiency.
- the power required to produce OH radicals is determined as the product of current (A) and voltage (V). The necessary energy from the product charge (A-s) and voltage (V).
- Resistance between the electrodes determined.
- the resistance between the electrodes in turn depends on the electrolyte present between the electrodes and the distance between the electrodes.
- the amount of energy for the electrochemical generation of OH radicals decreases with decreasing distance of the electrodes from each other. Due to recombination effects, which counteract the OH radical formation, the distance of the electrodes can not be arbitrarily reduced.
- the device and method should have an improved yield with respect to the electrochemical generation of OH radicals.
- the object of the invention is achieved with respect to the device with the in claim 1, procedurally with the in claim 17 and use related with the measures mentioned in claim 32 or features.
- the invention is based on the following considerations and findings:
- the required amount of energy decreases with decreasing distance between the electrodes.
- Recombinant effects prevent the plate spacing from being arbitrarily reduced to further increase the electrochemical chemical yield of OH radicals.
- a separator which can be arranged between the electrodes, recombination effects can be reduced.
- the electrode reactions themselves over which a certain voltage component drops, can not be reduced by a separator.
- one of the two electrodes that is to say the positively or negatively charged electrode, is surrounded with a separator in such a way that direct contact of the liquid to be cleaned with the corresponding electrode is no longer possible.
- the space between the corresponding electrode and the surrounding barrier is filled with a good conductive liquid.
- the ohmic voltage drop between electrode and separator is greatly reduced.
- the distance at which the voltage applied between the electrodes drops that is, the effective electrode gap can be reduced to the distance between a separator and the electrode not surrounded by the separator, while at the same time suppressing recombination effects.
- the ones not surrounded by the separator Electrodes are also commonly referred to as a working electrode.
- a separator is understood as meaning a body made of a porous or microporous material, it being possible to use as the material a hydrophilic polymer or a hydrophilized by appropriate surface treatment polymer, such as, for example, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the separator can be made of glass, glass mesh or fleece.
- the separator may have a pore volume of between 25% and 95%, whereby non-accessible pores (closed porosity) are not taken into account by the surface of the separator.
- the invention relates to a device for reducing pollutants in a liquid, in particular for decomposing organic pollutants, in an aqueous medium by the oxidizing effect of OH radicals, this device comprising an arrangement of positively and negatively charged electrodes, which are formed a workspace are separated from each other.
- the device further comprises an inlet and outlet through which the working space, for the continuous processing of the liquid, this is supplied.
- At least one of the positively or negatively charged electrodes is enclosed in the contact area between the liquid and the electrode with a separator to form an electrode space, wherein the electrode space reduces the working space between the electrodes.
- the electrode space is further filled with a supporting electrolyte.
- Liquid in particular the degradation of pollutants in a liquid, can be achieved.
- the device allows thus the cheaper degradation of pollutants in the liquid.
- the device according to the invention can still have the following features:
- At least one negatively charged electrode may be enclosed by a separator, and the electrode space may be filled with an alkaline conduction electrolyte.
- at least one positive electrode may be enclosed by a separator and the electrode space may be filled with an acidic electrolyte.
- the degradation of the pollutants present in the liquid always takes place at the working electrode, ie at that electrode which is not enclosed by a separator.
- the negative or positively charged electrode is correspondingly provided with a separator.
- the device according to the invention can be made flexible. All positive or negative charged electrodes may be enclosed by a separator.
- the separator may be made of microporous material.
- a separator made of a microporous material prevents the reaction of the liquid to be cleaned at the relevant, surrounded by the separator electrode.
- the ionic line is separated by a microporous separator. but not interrupted, whereby the relevant for the voltage drop distance between the electrodes can be reduced.
- the electrodes can be designed as plane-parallel surfaces. If the electrodes are formed as plane-parallel surfaces, such a construction of the device allows the lowest possible working volume, based on the total volume of the device. In this way, the device can be made compact.
- One of the electrodes and the separator may be formed as hollow cylinders arranged substantially concentrically with one another, the further electrode may be arranged in the center of the hollow cylinders.
- a closed arrangement for the treatment of the pollutant-containing liquid can be specified, whereby in particular the foaming during the treatment of the liquid can be prevented.
- the electrodes can be surface-structured. By surface structuring of the electrodes, their surface area can be increased, which leads to an improvement in the effectiveness of the device.
- the electrodes may be formed of an MMO material.
- platinum, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, titanium nitrite and / or titanium carbon nitrite can be used.
- An MMO material is particularly suitable for designing the electrons of a device according to the above embodiment.
- As a material for a positively charged electrode can be consuming material such as iron, stainless
- Electrodes steel alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys and / or carbon are used. Furthermore, as a material for a negatively charged electrode, iron, stainless steel alloys, carbon and / or aluminum may be used. The aforementioned materials are particularly suitable for designing a positively charged electrode or a negatively charged electrode.
- There may be means for cleaning the electrodes in particular mechanical wipers / scrapers, ultrasound and / or additives of floats in the liquid. Impurities of the electrodes lead to a deterioration of the overall efficiency of the device. By cleaning the electrodes, the efficiency can be improved again. Furthermore, the reliability of the device is improved by an electrode cleaning. There may be a separator for oxygen and / or hydrogen.
- Oxygen and / or hydrogen can improve the overall efficiency of the device.
- the object is achieved with the following measures:
- the method according to the invention comprises the following steps.
- the liquid is fed continuously by means of an inlet and outlet to a working space which is formed between the spaced-apart positive and negative electrodes of an arrangement.
- OH radicals are generated electrochemically in the liquid, wherein at least one of the positively or negatively charged electrodes in the contact region between the liquid and the electrode is enclosed by a separator to form an electrode space.
- the separator reduces the working space between the electrodes, the electrode space is filled with a supporting electrolyte.
- Pollutants which are present in the liquid are oxidatively degraded by OH radicals on the positive electrode or reductively on the negative electrode.
- the method according to the invention can be combined with the features of one, in particular with those of several subclaims. Accordingly, the method according to the invention may additionally have the following features:
- the electrochemical generation of OH radicals can be carried out with a voltage of ⁇ 5V. Due to the low voltage, on the one hand the C-efficiency increases [energetically] and on the other hand maintenance-friendly and finger-safe constructions with low voltage can be realized. In contrast, ozonizers are high-voltage systems.
- the generation of OH radicals is done with a DC voltage. -
- the current density on the electrode surfaces can be between 2 mA / cm 2 and 500 mA / cm 2 .
- the efficiency can be optimized depending on the supporting electrolyte and the drive electrolyte and optionally regulated.
- the DC voltage can be pulsed.
- the effects of diffusion processes are thereby limited, which means that the liquid transport of the reactants and the elimination of disruptive gas bubbles are reduced.
- the electrochemical generation of the OH radicals can be carried out with an alternating current, which in particular can take the form of a triangular, sinusoidal and / or plateau oscillation.
- the frequency of the alternating current can be between 10 ⁇ 3 Hz and 1 Hz.
- Advantages are additionally extended lifespan when using wearing electrodes.
- the COD value can be used as a measure of the pollutant concentration, a degradation of the pollutants can be measured by a reduction of the COD value.
- a reduction of non-biodegradable COD can take place.
- biodegradable COD can be generated.
- a reduction of non-biodegradable COD or the generation of biodegradable COD or a reduction of the COD value is an important goal of wastewater treatment. Accordingly, a method which changes the COD value according to the above embodiments can be used particularly advantageously.
- a mechanical pre-shredding of solid constituents present in the liquid can take place before the electrochemical treatment of the liquid.
- a Zer- Smaller solid components can be used to avoid mistakes, for example as a result of blockages in the process. In this way, an increase in the reliability of the method is achieved.
- the liquid can be UV-activated. The UV activation can specifically support specific electrode reactions.
- Oxygen produced in the process can be separated and used to occupy a biological clarifier. By separating off oxygen which has formed in the process, it can be advantageously used for occupying biological clarification tanks without the need for additional oxygen.
- the dyes may be mainly organic dyes, the organic dyes may be natural dyes or synthetic dyes. Dyes are a heavy burden of wastewater. Reduction of dyes is therefore particularly advantageous in wastewater treatment.
- the device according to the invention or an embodiment according to one of claims 2 to 16, can be used in particular in the paper or pulp industry of the printing or textile industry for the degradation of lignin or humic acid in industrial wastewaters.
- lignin or humic constitutes an essential component of wastewater contamination.
- Use of the device according to the invention or one of its developments is therefore particularly advantageous.
- FIG. 1 shows a device for reducing pollutants in cross section
- FIG. 2 shows such a device in plan view
- FIG. 3 shows a tube-shaped device for reducing pollutants in cross-section
- Figure 4 shows a device for water treatment and Figure 5 shows such a device with a foam separator.
- FIG. 1 shows an apparatus 100 which is only partially embodied for reducing pollutants in a liquid, in particular for decomposing organic pollutants in an aqueous medium. Further details of the device 100 are indicated in FIG.
- the device 100 is shown in cross-section in FIG.
- a liquid to be purified is fed via a feed 101 to a container 103, which leaves the liquid F via the outlet 102 again.
- the flow of the liquid F within the container 103 is partially indicated by arrows.
- the container 103 may be filled with the liquid F to be purified up to the height L.
- Within the container 103 is an array of positively charged electrodes 104a to 104c and negatively charged electrodes 105a to c.
- the electrodes can be configured as plates aligned in a plane-parallel manner. Between the electrodes 104a to 104c, 105a to 105c there is a working space A whose width is determined by the electrode spacing 106.
- At least one negatively charged electrode 105 preferably some of the negatively charged electrodes 105 or, more preferably, all the negatively charged electrodes 105a... C are likewise surrounded by a separator 107.
- the separator 107 completely surrounds the negative electrodes 105a... C so that there is no direct contact between the one in the Container 103 present to be cleaned liquid F and the actual electrode 105a ... c is possible.
- the separator 107 surrounds the electrodes 105a... C, in particular in a contact region predetermined by the height L of the liquid F in the container 103.
- the separator 107 which may be made of a microporous material in particular, reduces the size of the working space (A) between the electrodes 104a... 104c and 105a... 105c by reducing the electrode gap 106 to an effective electrode gap 108.
- the separator 107 surrounds the electrodes 105a... 105c to form an electrode space 109.
- the electrode space 109 is filled with a highly conductive electrolyte E. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, in which the electrodes 105a... 105c surrounded by the separator 107 are negatively charged, it is an alkaline conducting electrolyte E. Between the alternately charged electrodes 104a... 104c and 105a. 105c typically has an electrical voltage of less than 5V.
- the electrolytic decomposition of water is carried out in accordance with Equation 1 above to produce OH radicals.
- the H + ions are removed by ionic conduction.
- the H + ions pass through the microporous separator 107 in the process unhindered, and arrive at the negatively charged electrodes 105a ... 105c.
- the microporous separator 107 is designed in such a way that mixing of the liquid F to be cleaned in the container 103 in the region of the negatively charged electrodes 105a... 105c can be avoided. However, ion conduction to the correspondingly negatively charged electrodes 105a... 105c can take place unhindered.
- the microporous separator 107 further prevents recombination effects, since N 2 does not pass directly from the negative electrode to the positive. Furthermore, no O 2 and OH formed on the positive side can depolarize the negative electrode.
- the electrical conductivity of a liquid F to be purified is generally on the order of a few mS (for example between 1 and 10 mS) and is typically 4 mS.
- the electrode space 109 is filled with a highly conductive electrolyte E, which typically has an electrical conductivity of several orders of magnitude greater than 1000 mS.
- the positively charged electrodes 105a... 105c In the area of the positively charged electrodes 105a... 105c, an increased concentration of OH radicals is formed as a result of the processes described above.
- the OH radicals develop an oxidizing effect on the pollutants present in the liquid F and thus promote their degradation.
- Those electrodes, specifically in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the positively charged electrodes 105a... C are referred to below as working electrodes, since the degradation of the pollutants of the pollutants present in the liquid F takes place in the region of these electrodes.
- Related to the entire device is oxidative conversion of pollutants according to the embodiment shown in Figure 1.
- a device for reducing pollutants in a liquid F can be constructed analogously to the same principle in such a way that the polarity of the negatively and positively charged electrodes is reversed. In this case, a reductive conversion of the pollutants would take place.
- the electrodes shown in FIG. 1 as positively charged electrodes 104a... C would then be negatively charged and the electrodes 105a... C shown in FIG. 1 as negatively charged electrodes would be positively charged.
- a foam separator 110 In the aforementioned processes of oxidative or reductive conversion of pollutants which are present in the liquid F may be present in a device 100 to foam.
- a device 100 to foam For this purpose, such a device as shown in Figure 1, a foam separator 110 have.
- FIG. 2 shows a device 100 for reducing pollutants in a liquid F in plan view.
- the flow of the liquid F in the device is partially indicated by arrows.
- FIG. 3 shows a device 100 for reducing pollutants in a liquid F in a cross-sectional view, wherein at least one electrode and a separator 107 are configured tubular.
- the positively charged electrodes 104a... 104c, as well as the corresponding separators 107 can be designed as hollow cylinders arranged substantially concentrically with one another, the negatively charged electrodes 105a... 105c each being substantially in the center of the associated hollow cylinders.
- the apparatus 100 for reducing pollutants may be a closed arrangement to which the liquid F to be purified is fed via an inlet and outlet. By such a closed arrangement, in particular the foaming during the process can be reduced.
- the electrodes can be used to increase their length
- the electrodes may be formed of an MMO material (mixed metal oxide).
- MMO material mixed metal oxide
- diamond, platinum, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, titanium nitrite and / or titanium carbon nitrite can be used for the construction of the positively charged electrodes 104a... 104c.
- positively charged electrodes 104a... 104c can be made of consumable material such as, in particular, iron, stainless steel alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys and / or carbon.
- the negatively charged electrodes 105a... 105c may in particular be made of iron, stainless steel alloys, carbon and / or aluminum.
- a device 100 for reducing pollutants according to one of the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can furthermore be provided with means for cleaning the electrodes.
- means for electrode cleaning for example, mechanical wipers or scrapers are suitable.
- the electrodes can be cleaned by means of ultrasound. It is also possible to clean the electrodes by floats present in the liquid F to be cleaned.
- FIG. 4 shows a device which has a container 103 in which n electrodes are arranged plane-parallel to one another. In each case there are in the container 103 n positively charged electrodes 104a... 104c and n negatively charged electrodes 105a... 105n. The negatively charged electrodes 105a... 105n are each surrounded by a separator 107.
- a liquid F to be purified is supplied to the container 103 through an inlet 101, the purified liquid F leaves the container 103 via the outlet 102.
- the liquid F to be purified in the container 103 is additionally conveyed via a circulating pump 401 and a shower-like unit - Expensive circulated above the electrode device such that a uniform coverage of the electrodes is ensured.
- appropriate measures must be taken so that the liquid F to be purified does not mix with the highly conductive electrolyte E located inside the electrode space 109.
- FIG. 5 shows a further device which has a foam separator 110.
- the container 103 has a drainage edge 501 for foam separation.
- the foam separated in this way is treated in a further circulation by a further circulating pump 103.
- the electrochemical generation of the OH radicals can take place with a voltage of less than 5 V.
- the voltage for generating the OH radicals can be a DC voltage. This DC voltage may continue to be pulsed.
- the electrochemical generation of OH radicals can be carried out with an alternating voltage. This alternating voltage may be in the form of a triangle, in particular
- the process for OH radical production can be carried out galvanostatically, wherein the current density on the electrode surfaces can be between 2 mA / cm 2 and 500 mA / cm 2 .
- the degradation of pollutants can be measured by the COD value (chemical oxygen demand) as a measure of the pollutant concentration.
- COD value chemical oxygen demand
- a reduction of non-biodegradable COD or the generation of biodegradable COD can take place in particular.
- liquid F Before electrochemical treatment of the liquid F to be purified, mechanical pre-shredding of any solids present in the liquid F can take place.
- the liquid F can still be UV-activated.
- Oxygen or hydrogen formed during the process can be used for further processes.
- a biological clarifier be revived.
- the pollutants present in the liquid F to be purified may in particular be organic dyes. These organic dyes may be natural or synthetic dyes.
- the aforementioned method according to one of the embodiments or the aforementioned device according to one of the embodiments can be used in particular in the paper or textile industry and / or the printing or textile industry for the degradation of lignin or humic acid in the industrial wastewater.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0816198 BRPI0816198A2 (pt) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-09-01 | Dispositivo e processo para a decomposição de poluentes em um líquido e uso de tal dispositivo |
EP08803481A EP2188217A1 (de) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-09-01 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum abbau von schadstoffen in einer flüssigkeit sowie verwendung einer solchen vorrichtung |
US12/675,832 US20110017610A1 (en) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-09-01 | Device and process for breaking down pollutants in a liquid and also use of such a device |
CN200880105430A CN101795979A (zh) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-09-01 | 分解液体中的有害物质的设备和方法以及该设备的应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007041828A DE102007041828A1 (de) | 2007-09-03 | 2007-09-03 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abbau von Schadstoffen in einer Flüssigkeit sowie Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung |
DE102007041828.2 | 2007-09-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2009030668A1 true WO2009030668A1 (de) | 2009-03-12 |
Family
ID=39967746
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2008/061501 WO2009030668A1 (de) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-09-01 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum abbau von schadstoffen in einer flüssigkeit sowie verwendung einer solchen vorrichtung |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110017610A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2188217A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101795979A (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0816198A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102007041828A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2010112857A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009030668A1 (de) |
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RU2471725C2 (ru) * | 2011-03-30 | 2013-01-10 | ООО Научно-Производственное Объединение "ГРЕЙС" | Способ обезвреживания и утилизации нефтесодержащих шламов |
US9611160B2 (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2017-04-04 | Vws (Uk) Ltd. | Wastewater treatment apparatus and method |
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DE102009036080A1 (de) | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Abbau von organischen Schadstoffen in industriellem Abwasser und zugehörige Anlage |
CN102531248B (zh) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-04-17 | 徐建新 | 废液脱色装置 |
US8993169B2 (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2015-03-31 | General Electric Company | Electrode compositions, energy storage devices and related methods |
JP5906444B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-14 | 2016-04-20 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 液体処理装置、液体処理方法及びプラズマ処理液 |
JP5899455B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-25 | 2016-04-06 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 液体処理装置及び液体処理方法 |
CN105986855B (zh) * | 2015-01-30 | 2018-10-30 | 北京纳米能源与***研究所 | 尾气处理装置 |
CA2980632C (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2020-08-04 | Ground Effects Environmental Services Inc. | Electro-separation cell with solids removal |
CN105329990B (zh) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-06-23 | 中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司 | 一种超声波强化电催化氧化处理反渗透浓水的装置及方法 |
TWI633064B (zh) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-08-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 電解還原模組單元及淨水裝置 |
CN109824120A (zh) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-31 | 中南大学 | 一种石墨相氮化碳修饰掺锑二氧化锡复合光电催化电极、制备方法及应用 |
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- 2008-09-01 US US12/675,832 patent/US20110017610A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-09-01 WO PCT/EP2008/061501 patent/WO2009030668A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-09-01 BR BRPI0816198 patent/BRPI0816198A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-09-01 RU RU2010112857/05A patent/RU2010112857A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (2)
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US9611160B2 (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2017-04-04 | Vws (Uk) Ltd. | Wastewater treatment apparatus and method |
RU2471725C2 (ru) * | 2011-03-30 | 2013-01-10 | ООО Научно-Производственное Объединение "ГРЕЙС" | Способ обезвреживания и утилизации нефтесодержащих шламов |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110017610A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
DE102007041828A1 (de) | 2009-03-05 |
EP2188217A1 (de) | 2010-05-26 |
BRPI0816198A2 (pt) | 2015-04-14 |
RU2010112857A (ru) | 2011-10-10 |
CN101795979A (zh) | 2010-08-04 |
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