WO2009030105A1 - Technique de fabrication du tuyau en acier sans soudure - Google Patents
Technique de fabrication du tuyau en acier sans soudure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009030105A1 WO2009030105A1 PCT/CN2008/001518 CN2008001518W WO2009030105A1 WO 2009030105 A1 WO2009030105 A1 WO 2009030105A1 CN 2008001518 W CN2008001518 W CN 2008001518W WO 2009030105 A1 WO2009030105 A1 WO 2009030105A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- production process
- hollow
- process according
- new production
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B23/00—Tube-rolling not restricted to methods provided for in only one of groups B21B17/00, B21B19/00, B21B21/00, e.g. combined processes planetary tube rolling, auxiliary arrangements, e.g. lubricating, special tube blanks, continuous casting combined with tube rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a manufacturing technique for seamless steel pipes, and more particularly to a manufacturing technique for a large-diameter medium-thick-wall seamless steel pipe. Background technique
- Large-diameter seamless steel pipes especially large-diameter medium-thickness seamless steel pipes with a diameter of more than 500 mm and a diameter-to-wall ratio of 25 or less, have a wide range of applications in many important industrial fields.
- the other type is the expansion (tube) method. That is, the ⁇ 600 can be produced through various pipe expansion processes (such as oblique expansion, drawing and expansion, push-pull, etc.) by adopting an automatic pipe rolling machine, or a semi-finished pipe rolled by a cycle rolling mill or a cross-rolling piercing machine. ⁇ 800mm seamless steel pipe.
- the representative manufacturer in China is the original Chengdu Seamless Steel Tube Plant.
- the production process is shown in Figure 2.
- the above-mentioned extrusion method has many defects, high investment and maintenance cost defects, and the most fatal defect of the diameter expansion method is that it has no tolerance capability and easily expands surface defects, so the expansion amount is limited. , and the expansion process is difficult to control. Therefore, the application of this method has obvious deficiencies.
- the cost is very high.
- the length of the processed pipe is limited because of the limitation of the stamping die; Especially in the process of punching, the inner hole of the workpiece is prone to cracks and other defects, and these defects are difficult to be overcome by the subsequent processes and may be further expanded by the subsequent processes, resulting in an increase in subsequent trimming amount and a yield rate. high.
- This method is currently the most widely used method for processing large-diameter medium-thick-wall forged or rolled seamless steel tubes.
- the invention is to overcome the defects of the above background art, and the new process method for seamless steel pipe production after years of trial and research and development is especially suitable for the production of energy industry, natural gas pipeline, nuclear power primary circuit, thermal power main steam.
- a new process for producing seamless steel pipes comprising the following process steps:
- a hollow shell blank is produced by centrifugal casting
- the hollow tube blank after machining is heated
- the heated hollow shell is subjected to pipe jacking processing to obtain a pipe member having a wall thickness, a diameter and a length;
- the pipe fitting after the pipe rolling process is cut and finished to obtain a qualified finished pipe.
- the centrifugal casting of the first step is carried out on a tilting centrifugal casting machine with a horizontal axis of the mold and a horizontal angle of inclination of 15 to 30 degrees.
- the hollow tube blank is centrifugally cast into a hollow tube blank having an inner diameter of one end.
- the hollow shell is made into a hollow shell with an annular cup bottom at one end.
- the centrifugal casting of the first step is performed on a horizontal centrifugal casting machine with a rotation axis of the mold and a horizontal angle of 0 degrees, and the hollow tube blanks obtained by centrifugal casting are transparent at both ends of the same wall thickness. Hollow tube blank.
- annular cup bottom is welded to one end of the hollow tube blank which is transparent at both ends, so that the hollow tube blank becomes a hollow tube blank with an annular cup bottom at one end.
- the welding is gas-shielded automatic welding, and the annular cup bottom can be made of ordinary carbon steel.
- the machining described in the second step is the cutting of the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow shell having the annular cup bottom at one end.
- the inner surface of the hollow shell having the annular cup bottom at one end has a cutting thickness of not less than 5 mm, and the outer surface of the hollow shell having the annular cup bottom at the one end has a cutting thickness of not less than 2 mm.
- a defect inspection step that excludes the hollow shell that is still unsatisfactory after being repaired by the defect.
- the heating of the third step is performed in accordance with a pre-selected temperature range of the direction of the high temperature plasticity diagram of the material of the hollow shell.
- the hollow tube blank transparent to the two ends obtained above further comprises an in-line cuffing step between the third step and the fourth step, the step being the two ends obtained by centrifuging the centrifugal casting on the closing machine One end of the large-diameter thick-walled hollow tube that is permeated is closed, so that the large-diameter thick-walled hollow tube blank becomes a hollow tube blank with an annular cup bottom at one end.
- the jacking process of the fourth step is to insert the mandrel into the heated hollow shell at the end with the annular cup bottom, and then feed the top of the plurality of roll rings by the advancement of the mandrel. Rolling deformation in the pipe machine.
- the maximum elongation coefficient ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of the hollow shell on the single roll ring is 1.35, and the average elongation coefficient is (4 is (0.85-0.95) ⁇ ⁇ , and the diameters of the holes are arranged from small to large.
- the elongation coefficient on each roller ring is distributed according to the "mountain" shape, that is, the extension coefficient on the front and rear roller rings is small, and the extension coefficient on the intermediate roller ring is large.
- the pipe jacking machine is a pipe jacking machine having five roll rings, and the elongation coefficient of the hollow tube blank on each roll ring is (0.92-0.96) ⁇ 3 , (1.00-1.08) from front to back. ⁇ 3 , (1.10-1.18) ⁇ 3 , (0.98-1.04) ⁇ a , (0.88-0.92) ⁇ a .
- a core rod releasing step is performed, and the pipe member rolled out from the pipe jacking machine is sent to a loose rod machine together with the core rod to perform a loose rod.
- the tube is then transported along with the mandrel to a rod puller, and the mandrel is withdrawn from the tube.
- the rotational speed n of the inclined centrifugal casting machine is:
- the angle of inclination A is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.716.
- the wall thickness H of the annular cup bottom at the inner diameter of the one end of the hollow shell is:
- H the thickness of the annular cup bottom sufficient to withstand the top thrust of the mandrel during jacking
- F the top thrust during steady rolling
- the elongation coefficient calculated after rolling the annular bottom portion of the inner diameter end cup is:
- the outer diameter of an annular cup bottom ring By adopting the above processing method of the invention, the high-quality centrifugal casting is firstly established with a process connection between the top tube rolling with less investment, relatively simple technology and ideal deformation conditions, and is particularly suitable for producing large diameters.
- Thick-walled seamless steel tubes can not only produce high-quality, difficult-to-process stainless steel and special seamless steel tubes, but also overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, forming an energy-saving, high-quality, economical and different production method. Short process and new process of seam steel pipe.
- the patented method can produce large-diameter thick-walled pipes with heavier tonnage and longer length, and the patented method has less equipment investment, short process, low technical complexity and easy process stability. The physical and chemical properties of the product are better;
- the products produced by the patented method have higher precision and surface quality, the organizational state is more ideal, the deformation process is easy to control, and the patented method has less investment and shorter process;
- the patented method adopts a billet, an octagonal billet or a solid round billet which is usually used in the jacking method, but a hollow billet which is obtained by a unique process and has a cup bottom.
- the pipe jacking method cannot detect the quality of the workpiece before the punching (perforation) and the pipe heating process before the lower pipe heating process and the pipe jacking process, so that the workpiece with good quality and poor quality passes through the next process, and the product quality is not controlled;
- This patented method can obtain centrifugally cast tube blanks with less dense structure, better mechanical properties, fewer defects such as pores, shrinkage holes, slag inclusions, and coarse grains. Under the same deformation conditions, the patented method can be obtained. Special pipe with superior surface quality and comprehensive performance for some important occasions (such as primary circuit of nuclear power);
- the patented method can also weld an annular cup bottom at one end of a centrifugally cast hollow tube blank, so that the hollow tube blank becomes a hollow tube blank with a cup bottom at one end, and the cup bottom for welding can be ordinary carbon. It is made of plain steel, so that not only the precious billet metal but the ordinary carbon steel is cut off at the last cutting head, so that the purpose of saving precious billet metal can be achieved, and the saving can be about 3%.
- Figure 1 is a process flow diagram of the extrusion method
- Figure 2 is a process flow diagram of the diameter expansion method
- Figure 3 is a process flow diagram of the pipe jacking method
- Figure 5 is a hollow end of the cup with one end in the first embodiment of the present patent
- Figure 7 is a hollow end of the cup at the end of the second embodiment of the present patent
- Figure 9 is a hollow end of the cup end of the third embodiment of the present patent
- Figure 10 is a high temperature plasticity diagram of lCrl8Ni9Ti metal; As shown in FIG. 4, according to a first embodiment of the present invention, the following process steps are included:
- a large-diameter medium-thick-wall hollow tube blank is produced by centrifugal casting; the centrifugal casting is performed on a tilting centrifugal casting machine with a horizontal axis of the mold and a horizontal angle of inclination of 15 to 30 degrees.
- the large-diameter thick-walled hollow tube blank which is centrifugally cast is a hollow tube blank having an inner diameter of one end, that is, an end with an annular cup bottom, that is, a radially inner closed mouth is formed at the end, and a hollow tube blank with a cup bottom 2 is formed. 1.
- This cup bottom 2 has a hollow portion 21 as shown in FIG.
- the provision of the above structure can facilitate the post-topping process, and the end of the mandrel of the pipe jacking machine can abut against the inner surface of the cup bottom 2 so that the mandrel pushes the hollow shell.
- the hollow tube blank 1 with the cup bottom 2 can be processed conveniently and with high quality by the inclined centrifugal casting machine, and the inclined centrifugal casting machine has been popularized and applied in the field of cast iron pipe production, and the specific structure is not here. Let me repeat.
- the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow shell are machined; the machining is performed on the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow shell having the annular cup bottom at one end prepared in the first step.
- the cutting thickness of the inner surface of the hollow shell is not less than 5 mm, and the cutting thickness of the outer surface of the hollow shell is not less than 2 mm.
- This machining step can remove the rough inner and outer surface layers of the hollow tube blank and the deposited impurities, and remove other defects such as cracks and bubbles on the inner and outer surface layers to ensure the smoothness of the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow tube blank and improve the quality of the finished product after processing.
- the machined hollow mandrel with an annular cup bottom at one end is heated; the heating is performed according to a pre-selected temperature range of the high temperature plastic pattern of the tube material.
- the heated hollow shell is subjected to pipe jacking to obtain a pipe fitting that meets the requirements of wall thickness, diameter and length; and the jacking process of the jacking is to insert the mandrel into the heated
- the hollow tube blank with the bottom of the cup at one end is then fed into the pipe jacking machine with multiple roll rings by the advancement of the mandrel for rolling deformation.
- the pipe jacking machine is an existing device, which is described here.
- the number of the upper roller rings can be changed as needed, and the patent preferably uses 3 to 7 roller rings, and The diameters of the 3 ⁇ 7 roll rings are arranged in order from small to large.
- the maximum elongation coefficient of the hollow shell on the single roll ring is Ma J3 ⁇ 41.35, the average elongation coefficient j ⁇ (0.85 ⁇ 0.95) ⁇ and the elongation coefficient of the pipe on each roll ring from front to back according to the "mountain”
- the regular distribution of the glyphs that is, the elongation coefficient on the front and rear roller rings is small, and the elongation coefficient on the intermediate roller rings is large.
- the "mountain" shape rule means that the extension coefficient on the front roller rings is small, and then gradually increases, and the extension coefficient is the largest when reaching the middle roller rings, and reaches the maximum after extending. The coefficient starts to gradually become smaller, which is similar to the "mountain” shape: the middle is high and the two sides are small.
- the elongation coefficient of the hollow shell blank on each roll ring is (0.92-0.96) ⁇ a , ( 1.00-1.08) ⁇ a , ( 1.10-1.18) ⁇ 3 , (0.98-1.04) ⁇ a , (0.88-0.92) ⁇ a .
- the total elongation factor is between 3-4.
- the specific elongation coefficients on each roll ring are 0.94 ⁇ , 1.06 a, 1.12 ⁇ , 1. ⁇ &, 0.90 ⁇ &, and the total elongation factor can be 3 - 3.5 ⁇ .
- the fifth step is the rolling process of the top tube.
- the latter pipe is cut and finished to produce a qualified finished pipe. This step is mainly to cut off the bottom of the tube, and finish the tube body, and process the inner and outer surfaces of the tube as needed to meet the requirements of different environments.
- a defect inspection step is further included between the second step and the third step, and the hollow tube blank in which the defect is still not in compliance with the repair is excluded from the process step. This can ensure that the hollow tube blanks used for processing in the later stage are all qualified blanks, which can greatly save costs and reduce the generation of waste products.
- a core rod releasing step is further included between the fourth step and the fifth step, and the pipe rolled out from the pipe jacking machine, together with the core rod, is sent to a loose rod machine for loosening.
- a rod the tube is transported to the rod machine together with the mandrel, and the mandrel is drawn from the tube Formula requirements: Where: n - speed;
- the mandrel is inserted into the heated hollow shell with the bottom of the cup and fed into the plurality of roll rings by the advancement of the mandrel for rolling deformation, in the process of jacking
- the bottom of the cup is subjected to the load of pushing the mandrel.
- the top thrust of the mandrel mainly acts on the bottom of the cup due to the limited holding force between the hollow tube blank and the mandrel.
- the holding force between the hollow tube blank and the mandrel suddenly rises, thereby offsetting the load that should be applied to the bottom of the cup, making it axial.
- the thickness of the bottom of the cup can be determined by the following formula:
- the elongation coefficient calculated after rolling the bottom portion of the annular cup at the inner diameter end is: Wherein, the diameter of the inner hole of an annular cup bottom ring;
- the above production method of the present invention is particularly suitable for producing a seamless steel pipe having a diameter of 500 mm or more and a diameter to wall ratio of 25 or less, because the first method of the present invention uses centrifugal casting to prepare a hollow shell, so if the diameter of the pipe is small, for example Below 100 mm, the advantages of centrifugal casting cannot be realized; if it is used for the production of thinner wall thickness, the thickness of the machined cutting is large because of the precipitation of impurities on the inner and outer surfaces after centrifugal casting, and it is not economical. Therefore, it is generally not used for the production of seamless steel tubes with a wall-to-wall ratio greater than 25.
- a second embodiment according to the present invention includes the following process steps:
- a hollow tube blank is produced by centrifugal casting; the centrifugal casting is carried out on a horizontal centrifugal casting machine in which the rotation axis of the mold is parallel to the horizontal line, and the hollow tube blank which is centrifugally cast is two equal wall thicknesses. Hollow tube blank that is transparent at the end.
- a welding step is added, in which an annular cup bottom 2 is welded to one end of the hollow shell 1 obtained by centrifugal casting, so that the hollow shell 1 becomes a hollow shell with a cup bottom 2 at one end. .
- the cup bottom 2 has a hollow portion 21 as shown in FIG.
- the welding is a gas shielded automatic welding, and the annular cup bottom may be made of ordinary carbon steel.
- the main function of the bottom of the cup is to withstand the top thrust of the mandrel during the post-top processing.
- the bottom of the cup is to be cut off, which becomes waste.
- the material of the tube blank is made of precious metal material.
- a low-cost common metal cup bottom can be welded at one end of the thick-walled hollow tube blank, thereby saving precious metals.
- the automatic welding with gas protection can ensure the connection strength between the bottom of the cup and the hollow tube blank, which is beneficial to the later processing.
- the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow shell of the one end with the bottom of the cup are machined; the machining is performed on the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow shell produced in the first step. Cutting the inner surface of the hollow shell blank to a thickness of not less than 5 mm, to the thick wall The outer surface of the hollow shell blank has a cutting thickness of not less than 2 mm.
- the machining step can remove the rough inner and outer skin layers and other defects of the hollow shell, ensure the smoothness of the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow shell, and improve the quality of the finished product after processing.
- the machined hollow tube blank is heated; the heating is performed according to a pre-selected temperature range of the high temperature plastic pattern of the tube material.
- the heated hollow shell is subjected to a topping process to obtain a pipe fitting that meets the requirements of wall thickness, diameter and length; and the top processing is also to insert the mandrel into the heated one end with the bottom of the cup
- the hollow tube blank is then fed into the pipe jacking machine of the multiple roll rings by the advancement of the mandrel for rolling deformation.
- the pipe jacking machine is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the elongation coefficient on each roller ring is also the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the pipe fitting after the topping process is cut and finished to obtain a qualified finished pipe.
- This step is mainly to cut off the bottom of the tube and finish the tube to obtain a qualified finished tube.
- a defect inspection step is further included between the second step and the third step to exclude the hollow shell having defects from being inconsistent with the process step. This can ensure that the hollow tube blanks used for processing in the later stage are all qualified blanks, which can greatly save costs and reduce the generation of waste products.
- a core rod releasing step is further included, and the pipe rolled out from the pipe jacking machine is sent to the pine bar machine together with the mandrel rod for loosening.
- the rod is then transported along with the mandrel to a rod puller, and the mandrel is withdrawn from the tube.
- the loose rod machine and the rod pump are both existing equipment and are commercially available, and are not described herein.
- a third embodiment according to the present invention includes the following process steps:
- a hollow tube blank is produced by centrifugal casting; the centrifugal casting is carried out on a horizontal centrifugal casting machine in which the rotation axis of the mold is parallel to the horizontal line, and the hollow tube blank which is centrifugally cast is two equal wall thicknesses. Hollow tube blank that is transparent at the end.
- the wall hollow tube blank is machined, and the machining is performed on the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow tube blank which is transparent at both ends.
- the cutting thickness of the inner surface of the hollow shell is not less than 5 mm, and the cutting thickness of the outer surface of the hollow shell is not less than 2 mm.
- the machining step can remove the rough inner and outer skin layers and other defects of the hollow shell, ensure the smoothness of the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow shell, and improve the quality of the finished product after processing.
- the machined hollow shell is heated. This step is the same as the above-described Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.
- the tube blank is not directly entered into the pipe jacking machine for pipe jacking, but the online capping step is performed before the jacking tube is rolled, that is, the wall thickness is two.
- the end of the hollow tube blank closing machine is closed at one end thereof, so that one end of the large-diameter thick-walled hollow tube blank is closed to form a hollow tube blank with an end of the annular cup bottom, as shown in FIG. .
- the closing machine is an existing sizing device and is commercially available, and will not be described herein.
- the hollow tube blank having the bottom of the cup at one end prepared in the above-mentioned manner is immediately subjected to pipe rolling, and the steps are the same as those in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
- the fifth step is the same as the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
- a defect inspection step is further included between the second step and the third step; in the fourth step and the fifth step
- the core rod release step is also included.
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Description
一种无缝钢管的生产工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及无缝钢管的制造技术,尤其涉及大口径中厚壁无缝钢 管的制造技术。 背景技术
大口径无缝钢管, 特别是直径大于 500毫米、 径壁比在 25以下的 大口径中厚壁无缝钢管, 在很多工业领域的重要场合, 有着广泛的用 途。 如: 用于火力发电的主蒸汽管道和核电的回路管道, 以及 CNG拖 车用、气站用高压气瓶与各类高压容器的缸体等等。正因为大口径厚 壁无缝钢管的用途广泛,导致对其机械性能和理化性能的要求各不相 同, 从而对其材质及其加工工艺方法的选择亦有所不同。对于能源工 业、 天燃气管道、 核电回路、 火力主蒸汽管、 拖车用大型气瓶、 蓄能 器管等各类高压容器用管, 大部分必须采用口径大于 500毫米、 具有 一定长度(有的长达 13米) 的大口径中厚壁无缝管材, 又因为管道内 的介质基本上都是高温、 高压, 有的还具有放射性、 高腐蚀性等, 使 用环境十分恶劣, 对管道的物理、 化学性能、 长度和尺寸精度、 表面 质量及金相组织均提出了很高的要求。 因而, 对于用于上述能源工业 等特殊领域的大口径中厚壁无缝钢管,不但要求材质为难加工的不锈 钢、 各种合金钢, 例如 304、 316、 30CrMoA、 35CrMo、 30CrMnSiA等钢 种,还必须要经过独特的锻造或者轧制使之具有合理的锻态或轧态的 金相结构。
为了达到上述要求,一些传统的生产方法已经不能生产出符合要 求的大口径中厚壁无缝钢管。但是在强大的市场需求下, 各国先后开 发出了多种生产大口径中厚壁无缝钢管的工艺方法,并在美国、日本、 意大利、 法国、 英国以及委内瑞拉、 捷克、 印度等国家得到了成功的 应用。据目前粗略统计, 世界上已经建有多台套机组专门用来生产大 口径中厚壁无缝钢管。主要有三类: 挤压法、顶管法和扩径(管)法。
一类是挤压法。 早在 20世纪 80年代以前, 美国就拥有三台套 20000〜30000吨级的大型挤压机, 可以生产 Φ 500〜Φ 1200毫米的管 材, 坯料重可达 16吨, 挤压法的工艺步骤如图 1所示。 因为大型挤压 设备投资高、 技术复杂, 且该方法流程长、 设备多、 工艺稳定性难以 保证, 且加工的管材长度有限, 因此推广受到了限制。
另一类是扩径(管)法。 即对采用自动轧管机、 或采用周期轧管 机、 或采用斜轧穿孔机轧出的半成品管, 通过各种扩管工艺(例如斜 扩、 拉扩、 推扩等) , 可生产 Φ 600〜Φ 800毫米的无缝钢管。 目前国 内比较有代表性的生产厂家是原成都无缝钢管厂,其生产工艺流程如 附图 2所示。 该方法除同样存在上述挤压方法存在的工序多、 投资和 维修成本高的缺陷外, 扩径法最致命的缺陷还在于其不具有消差能 力、 易扩展表层缺陷, 因此扩径量受到限制, 且扩径变形过程难以控 制。 因此, 这种方法的应用有着明显的不足。
再一类为顶管法。 在美国、 日本、 法国、 英国都建有用方坯冲出 带杯底的毛坯, 然后在顶管机上生产 Φ 500〜 Φ 1500毫米成品钢管的 方法, 方坯最重可达 22吨, 管长可达 9米。 目前国内比较有代表性的 生产厂家就是武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司,其实际的生产工艺如附图 3所示。 该加工方法的局限性也十分明显: 首先, 该方法流程长、 设 备多、 投资和维护成本高。 其中, 目前武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司用 于压力定型即用于冲压出带杯底坯料的设备是大型的水压机,成本很 高; 其次, 因为冲压模具的限制, 被加工的管材长度有限; 再次, 尤 其在冲孔的过程中, 工件内孔易出现裂紋等种种缺陷, 而这些缺陷很 难被后道工序所克服而且还有可能被后道工序进一步扩大,造成后续 修整量增加和成品率不高。这一方法是目前采用最多的用于加工大口 径中厚壁锻态或轧态无缝钢管的方法。
为了克服现有技术的缺陷, 尤其是为了加工出符合能源、 燃气、 核电、火电、 国防等急需的高质量的不锈钢或特种合金钢的大口径中 厚壁无缝管材, 人们一直在研究和探索更好的加工方法, 其中 ZL00112551. 6号中国发明专利就公开了一种利用 "离心铸造 +冷拔"
的方法来生产 "超低碳双相不锈钢无缝钢管"的方法。 该方法相对于 上述的三种方法, 虽然可以生产含有 Cr、 Ni、 Mo、 N等元素的特种钢 管, 但是该方法仍然需要价格昂贵的冷拔管机, 而且需要多次循环冷 拔, 且每次冷拔后还要进行固溶处理、 酸洗处理和润滑处理。 同样存 在设备成本高、加工程序多等缺陷, 且对于大口径中厚壁无缝钢管的 生产来说, 该方法难以采用。 发明内容
本发明正是为了克服上述背景技术的缺陷,经过多年的试验和研 发得出的无缝钢管生产的新工艺方法, 尤其适合于生产用于能源工 业、 天燃气管道、 核电一回路、 火电主蒸汽管、 高压气瓶管等需要的 高质量、 难加工和特长的大口径中厚壁无缝钢管。 具体为:
一种无缝钢管的生产新工艺, 包括以下工艺步骤:
第一步, 通过离心铸造生产出空心管坯;
第二步, 对所述空心管坯的内外表面进行机加工;
第三步, 对机加工后的所述空心管坯进行加热;
第四步, 对加热后的空心管坯进行顶管轧制加工, 制得壁厚、直 径和长度符合要求的管件;
第五步, 对顶管轧制加工后的所述管件进行切头、精整, 制得合 格的成品管材。
所述第一步的离心铸造是在铸型的旋转轴线与水平夹角即倾角 为 15〜30度的倾斜式离心铸造机上进行的,离心铸造出的空心管坯为 一端内径收口的空心管坯,使所述空心管坯成为一端带环状杯底的空 心管坯。
或者,所述第一步的离心铸造是在铸型的旋转轴线与水平夹角为 0度的卧式离心铸造机上进行的, 离心铸造出的空心管坯为等壁厚的 两端通透的空心管坯。
进一步,在所述两端通透的空心管坯的一端焊接一环状杯底,使 所述空心管坯成为一端带环状杯底的空心管坯。
所述焊接为气体保护自动焊,所述环状杯底可采用普通碳素钢制 成。
第二步所述的机加工是对制得的所述一端带环状杯底的空心管 坯进行内外表面的切削加工。
对所述一端带环状杯底的空心管坯内表面的切削厚度不少于 5毫 米, 对所述一端带环状杯底的空心管坯外表面的切削厚度不少于 2毫 米。
在所述第二步和所述第三步之间还包括缺陷检查步骤,将存在缺 陷进行修磨后仍不符合要求的所述空心管坯排除出所述工艺步骤。
所述第三步的所述加热是按照所述空心管坯的材料高温塑性图 的走向预先选择的温度范围进行加热。
或者,对上述制得的所述两端通透的空心管坯在所述第三步和第 四步之间还包括在线收口步骤,该步骤是在收口机上对所述离心铸造 所得的两端通透的所述大口径厚壁空心管坯的一端进行收口,使所述 大口径厚壁空心管坯成为一端带环状杯底的空心管坯。
所述第四步的所述顶管轧制加工,是将芯棒***加热后的所述一 端带环状杯底的空心管坯中,然后靠芯棒的推进送入多架辊环的顶管 机中进行轧制变形。
所述将芯棒***加热后的所述一端带环状杯底的空心管坯中,然 后靠所述芯棒的推进送入具有 3〜7架辊环的顶管机中进行轧制变形, 所述 3〜7架辊环的孔型直径由小到大依次排列。
所述空心管坯在单架辊环上的最大延伸系数(μΜΜ)为 1.35, 平 均延伸系数为(4 为 (0.85-0.95) μΜ , 且所述孔型直径由小到大 依次排列的各架辊环上的延伸系数按照 "山"字形规律分布, 即前后 架辊环上的延伸系数小, 中间辊环上的延伸系数大。
所述顶管机如为具有 5架辊环的顶管机, 所述空心管坯在各架辊 环上的延伸系数由前到后依次为 (0.92-0.96) μ3 、 (1.00-1.08) μ3, (1.10-1.18) μ3, (0.98-1.04) μ a、 (0.88-0.92) μ a。
在所述第四步和所述第五步之间还包括芯棒松脱步骤,从所述顶 管机轧出的所述管件连同所述芯棒一起, 送入松棒机进行松棒, 再将 所述管件连同芯棒运送到抽棒机上, 将所述芯棒从所述管件中抽出。
其中: n—转速;
L一管体长度;
一内径收口处的管壁厚度;
一管体公称壁厚;
Z)。一管体外径;
A—倾角系数。
所述倾角系数 A为大于 0小于等于 0. 716。
当倾角为 15度时, A= 0. 1853; 倾角为 20度时, A= 0. 2449, 当倾 角为 25度时, A= 0. 3026; 当倾角是 30度时, A = 0. 3580。
其中: H—足以承受顶管轧制时芯棒顶推力的环状杯底厚度; F—稳定轧制时的顶推力;
Dx—芯棒直径;
σ—钢材的高温抗拉强度;
^一内径收口端环状杯底部分轧后计算所得的延伸系 数。
—环状杯底环内孔直径;
一环状杯底环外径;
采用本发明上述的加工方法, 首次将高质量的离心铸造与投资 少、技术相对简约、变形条件比较理想的顶管轧制之间建立起了工艺 上的联系, 尤其适用用于生产大口径中厚壁无缝钢管, 不但可以生产 高质量的、难于加工的不锈钢和特种无缝钢管, 而且克服了现有技术 的缺陷, 形成了一种节能、 优质、 经济而有别于传统方法的生产无缝 钢管的短流程新工艺。
本发明的上述方法,相对于现有的三种加工工艺分别具有以下优 点:
1、 与挤压法相比, 本专利方法可以生产吨位更重、 长度更长的 大口径厚壁管材,且本专利方法设备投资少,流程短,技术复杂性低, 工艺稳定性易于得到保证, 产品理化性能更优;
2、 与扩径法相比, 本专利方法生产的产品具有更高的精度和表 面质量, 组织状态更为理想, 变形过程易于控制, 且本专利方法设备 投资更少, 流程更短;
3、与目前采用最多的顶管法相比, 本专利方法的优点更是突出:
( 1 ) 本专利方法采用坯料不是顶管法通常采用的方坯、 八角坯 或实心圆坯, 而是通过独特工艺制得的、 带有杯底的空心坯。 此外, 还可以在热加工之前对空心坯的质量进行检查,合格后再进入下道的 加热和顶管工序,便于成品质量的控制。而顶管法不能对冲孔(穿孔) 后进入下道加热和顶管工序前工件的质量进行检测,造成质量好和质 量差的工件均通过下道工序, 产品质量得不到控制;
(2 ) 采用本专利方法生产管材, 无需专门安排容易出现多种表 层缺陷的在线冲孔(穿孔)和预延伸工序, 从而不仅可以减少至少一 次再加热环节, 节约能源 10 %左右, 而且还能将不易冲孔(穿孔) 的 某些难变形金属加工成高质量的大口径无缝管材;
(3 ) 本专利方法是一种短流程的制管工艺, 可以减少 2〜3个环 节, 且不需要价格昂贵的大吨位的水压机, 从而明显降低制管车间的 设备投资和运行费用以及战地面积;
(4) 本专利方法由于采用组织致密、 机械性能更好, 气孔、 缩 孔、 夹渣、 粗大晶粒等缺陷更少的离心铸造管坯, 在变形条件相同的 情况下, 本专利方法可以获得表面质量和综合性能更为优良的、可用 于某些重要场合的专用管材 (例如核电的一回路管) ;
(5 ) 正是因为本专利方法如上所述可以进行中间环节的质量控 制, 从而为提高产品合格率和降低后道精整工序工作量创造了条件;
(6 ) 本专利方法还可在离心铸造的空心管坯的一端焊接环状杯 底, 使所述空心管坯成为一端带杯底的空心管坯, 且用于焊接的杯底 可以是普通碳素钢制成,这样在最后切头时切掉的不是贵重的坯料金 属而是普通碳素钢, 从而可以实现节约贵重坯料金属的目的, 可节约 3 %左右。 附图说明:
图 1为挤压法的工艺流程图;
图 2为扩径法的工艺流程图;
图 3为顶管法的工艺流程图;
图 4为本专利实施例一的工艺流程图;
图 5为本专利实施例一中一端带杯底空心
图 6为本专利实施例二的工艺流程图;
图 7为本专利实施例二中一端带杯底空心
图 8为本专利实施例三的工艺流程图;
图 9为本专利实施例三中一端带杯底空心
图 10为 lCrl8Ni9Ti金属的高温塑性图; 具体实施方式:
如图 4所示, 按照本发明提供的第一个实施例, 包括以下工艺步 骤:
第一步,通过离心铸造生产出大口径中厚壁空心管坯;所述的离 心铸造是在铸型的旋转轴线与水平夹角即倾角为 15〜30度的倾斜式 离心铸造机上进行的,离心铸造出的大口径厚壁空心管坯为一端内径 收口即一端带环状杯底的空心管坯,亦即在该端头处内径向内收口变 小,形成带杯底 2的空心管坯 1,这种杯底 2具有镂空部 21,如图 5所示。 设置上述结构可以有利于后期的顶制加工,顶管机的芯棒的端部可以 顶靠在杯底 2的内表面, 以便于芯棒顶推空心管坯。 采用倾斜式离心 铸造机可以方便地、高质量地加工出带有杯底 2的空心管坯 1, 而这种 倾斜式离心铸造机已在铸铁管生产领域得到了推广应用,具体结构此 处不再赘述。
第二步,对所述空心管坯的内外表面进行机加工;所述的机加工 是对第一步制得的所述一端带环状杯底的空心管坯进行内外表面的 切削加工。 对所述空心管坯内表面的切削厚度不少于 5毫米, 对所述 空心管坯外表面的切削厚度不少于 2毫米。 此机加工步骤可以清除空 心管坯粗糙的内外表层和析出的杂质, 并去除内外表层上的裂紋、气 泡等其它缺陷, 保证空心管坯内外表面的光洁度, 提高加工后成品的 质量。
第三步, 对机加工后的所述一端带环状杯底的空心管坯进行加 热;所述的加热是按照管坯材料高温塑性图的走向预先选择的温度范 围进行加热。如图 10所示出的 lCrl8Ni9Ti金属的高温塑性图; 在此图 中阴影的部分是加热的温度范围。只有按照这种预定的温度范围进行 加热, 才能保证后期的顶管轧制加工, 并生产出合格的成品。
第四步,对加热后的空心管坯进行顶管轧制加工,制得符合壁厚、 直径和长度要求的管件; 所述的顶管轧制加工, 是将芯棒***加热后 的所述一端带杯底的空心管坯中,然后靠芯棒的推进送入具有多架辊 环的顶管机中进行轧制变形。所述顶管机为现有设备, 这里赘述。 机 上辊环的架数可以根据需要变换, 本专利优先采用 3〜7架的辊环, 且
3〜7架辊环的孔型直径由小到大依次排列。所述空心管坯在单架辊环 上的最大延伸系数 MaJ¾1.35, 平均延伸系数 j^ (0.85〜0.95) μ 且由前到后在各架辊环上管材的延伸系数按照 "山"字形规律分 布, 即前后架辊环上的延伸系数偏小, 中间辊环上的延伸系数偏大。 此处需要说明的是, 所述的 "山 "字形规律是指在前面几个辊环上的 延伸系数较小, 然后逐步增大, 到达中间几架辊环时延伸系数最大, 到达最大后延伸系数又开始逐步变小, 即类似于"山"字形: 中间高、 两边小。
例如, 在 5架辊环的顶管机中, 所述空心管坯在各架辊环上的延 伸系数由前到后依次为 (0.92-0.96) μ a, ( 1.00-1.08) μ a、 (1.10-1.18) μ3、 (0.98-1.04) μ a、 (0.88-0.92) μ a。 总的延 展系数在 3—4之间。 其中在各架辊环上的具体延伸系数为 0.94μ 、 1.06 a、 1.12μ 、 1. οομ&、 0.90μ&,此时总的延伸系数可以为 3— 3.5ο 第五步, 对顶管轧制加工后的所述管件进行切头、精整, 制得合 格的成品管材。此步骤主要是将管件的杯底切掉, 并对管体进行精加 工, 并根据需要对管体的内外表面进行加工, 以满足不同使用环境下 的要求。
参见图 4,在所述第二步和所述第三步之间还包括缺陷检查步骤, 将存在缺陷经修磨后仍不符合要求的空心管坯排除出所述工艺步骤。 这样可以保证后期用于加工的空心管坯均是合格的坯料,可以大大的 节约成本, 减少废品的产生。
参见图 4,在所述第四步和所述第五步之间还包括芯棒松脱步骤, 从所述顶管机轧出的管材连同所述芯棒一起, 送入松棒机进行松棒, 再将所述管材连同芯棒运送到抽棒机上,将所述芯棒从所述管材中抽
公式的要求:
其中: n—转速;
L一管体长度;
一内径收口处的管壁厚度;
一管体公称壁厚;
Z)。一管体外径;
A—倾角系数。
上述倾角系数 A为大于 0小于等于 0. 716, 当倾角为 15度时, A = 0. 1853; 倾角为 20度时, A= 0. 2449, 当倾角为 25度时, A= 0. 3026; 当倾角是 30度时, Α= 0. 3580 ο
在本发明给出的上述实施例中,将芯棒***加热后的带杯底的空 心管坯中并靠芯棒的推进送入多架辊环中进行轧制变形,在顶管轧制 过程, 杯底承受芯棒顶推的负荷。在前几架辊环上, 由于空心管坯与 芯棒间的抱紧力有限, 芯棒的顶推力主要作用在杯底上。 随着减壁变 形在后几架辊环上已成为绝对主导变形之后,空心管坯与芯棒间的抱 紧力陡然上升, 从而抵消部分本应作用在杯底上的负荷, 使其轴向力 下降, 总顶推力的增幅也随着放缓。 杯底在管材加工完后要切除的, 其会变成废料。 若是将杯底做的过厚, 则会造成材料的浪费, 但若是 太小, 在承受顶推力的强度不够。 因此, 制备相应厚度的杯底至关重 要。 杯底的厚度可以用一下公式进行确定:
H =
3.611 * Dx * a * μά 其中: Η—足以承受顶管轧制时芯棒顶推力的杯底厚度;
F—稳定轧制时的顶推力;
Dx—芯棒直径;
σ—钢材的高温抗拉强度;
^ 一内径收口端环状杯底部分轧后计算所得的延伸系 数。
¾—环状杯底环外径;
J 。一空心管坯的总延伸系数。
本发明的上述生产方法特别适合于制造口径在 500毫米以上、 径 壁比在 25以下的无缝钢管,因为本发明第一采用离心铸造来制备空心 管坯, 因此如果管材的口径较小, 例如 100毫米以下, 则不能体现离 心铸造的优势; 如果用于壁厚较薄管材的生产, 则因为离心铸造后内 外表面存在析出的杂质等因素而需 机加工切削的厚度较大,反而不 经济, 因此一般不用于径壁比大于 25无缝钢管的生产。
如图 6所示, 按照本发明提供的第二个实施例, 包括以下工艺步 骤:
第一步,通过离心铸造生产出空心管坯;所述的离心铸造是铸型 的旋转轴线与水平线相平行的卧式离心铸造机上进行的,离心铸造出 的空心管坯为等壁厚的两端通透的空心管坯。离心铸造后, 加入焊接 步骤, 该步骤是在离心铸造所得的所述空心管坯 1的一端上焊接一环 状杯底 2, 使所述空心管坯 1成为一端带杯底 2的空心管坯。所述杯底 2 具有镂空部 21, 如图 7所示。 所述焊接为气体保护自动焊, 所述环状 杯底可以是普通碳素钢制成。杯底的主要作用是承受后期的顶制加工 时芯棒的顶推力, 在成品时, 杯底是要切除的, 其就会变成废料。 而 这种管坯的材料均是采用贵重的金属材料, 为了节约成本, 可以在等 厚壁的空心管坯的一端焊接一个低成本的普通金属杯底,从而可以节 约贵重金属。采用气体保护自动焊可以保证杯底与空心管坯的连接强 度, 利于后期的加工。 经过上述处理, 空心管坯被加工成带环状杯底 的空心管坯。
第二步, 对所述一端带杯底的空心管坯的内外表面进行机加工; 所述的机加工是对第一步制得的所述空心管坯进行内外表面的切削 加工。 对所述空心管坯内表面的切削厚度不少于 5毫米, 对所述厚壁
空心管坯外表面的切削厚度不少于 2毫米。 此机加工步骤可以清除空 心管坯粗糙的内外表层和其它缺陷, 保证空心管坯内外表面的光洁 度, 提高加工后成品的质量。
第三步, 对机加工后的所述空心管坯进行加热; 所述的加热是按 照管坯材料高温塑性图的走向预先选择的温度范围进行加热。如图 10 所示出的 lCrl8Ni9Ti金属的高温塑性图;在此图中阴影的部分是加热 的温度范围。只有按照这种预定的温度范围进行加热, 才能保证后期 的顶制加工, 并生产出合格的成品。
第四步, 对加热后的空心管坯进行顶制加工, 制得符合壁厚、直 径和长度要求的管件; 所述的顶制加工, 也是将芯棒***加热后的所 述一端带杯底的空心管坯中,然后靠芯棒的推进送入多架辊环的顶管 机中进行轧制变形。所述顶管机与上述实施例一相同, 各辊环上的延 伸系数也与实施例一相同。
第五步, 对顶制加工后的所述管件进行切头、精整, 制得合格的 成品管材。 此步骤主要是将管件的杯底切掉, 并对管体进行精加工, 制得合格的成品管材。
参见图 6,在所述第二步和所述第三步之间还包括缺陷检查步骤, 将存在缺陷不符合要求的空心管坯排除出所述工艺步骤。这样可以保 证后期用于加工的空心管坯均是合格的坯料, 可以大大的节约成本, 减少废品的产生。
参见图 6,在所述第四步和所述第五步之间还包括芯棒松脱步骤, 从所述顶管机轧出的管材连同所述芯棒一起, 送入松棒机进行松棒, 再将所述管材连同芯棒运送到抽棒机上,将所述芯棒从所述管材中抽 出。所述松棒机和所述抽棒机均为现有设备, 可从市场上购得, 这里 不再赘述。
如图 8所示, 按照本发明提供的第三个实施例, 包括以下工艺步 骤:
第一步, 通过离心铸造生产出空心管坯; 所述的离心铸造是铸型 的旋转轴线与水平线相平行的卧式离心铸造机上进行的,离心铸造出 的空心管坯为等壁厚的两端通透的空心管坯。
第二步, 对所述壁空心管坯进行机加工, 所述的机加工是对第一 步制得的所述两端通透的空心管坯进行内外表面的切削加工。对所述 空心管坯内表面的切削厚度不少于 5毫米, 对所述空心管坯外表面的 切削厚度不少于 2毫米。 此机加工步骤可以清除空心管坯粗糙的内外 表层和其它缺陷, 保证空心管坯内外表面的光洁度, 提高加工后成品 的质量。
第三步, 对机加工后的所述空心管坯进行加热。该步骤与上述实 施例一和实施例二相同。
参见图 8, 本实施例在对所述管坯进行加热后, 不是直接进入顶 管机进行顶管轧制, 而是在顶管轧制前再进行在线收口步骤, 即将所 述等壁厚两端通透的空心管坯收口机上, 对其一端进行收口处理, 使 所述大口径厚壁空心管坯的一端进行收口制成一端头 带环状杯底的 空心管坯, 如图 9所示。 所述收口机为现有的定型设备可从市场上购 得, 这里不再赘述。
第四步,对上述在线制得的一端带有杯底的空心管坯立即进行顶 管轧制, 该步骤与实施例一和实施例二相同。
第五步, 与实施例一和实施例二相同。
如图 8所示, 同实施例一和实施例二一样, 在所述第二步和所述 第三步之间还包括缺陷检查步骤;在所述第四步和所述第五步之间还 包括芯棒松脱步骤。
本发明上述实施例的前述详细说明及附图是通过文字解释和图 示来进行的, 其目的不在于限定权利要求的保护范围。本说明书中的 具体实施方式的各个变种对于普通技术人员来说显而易见,并处于权 利要求及其等同技术的保护范围内,任何不脱离本发明权利要求的变 更、 修改均属于本发明保护的内容。
Claims
1、 一种无缝钢管的生产新工艺, 包括以下工艺步骤:
第一步, 通过离心铸造生产出空心管坯;
第二步, 对所述空心管坯的内外表面进行机加工;
第三步, 对机加工后的所述空心管坯进行加热;
第四步, 对加热后的所述管坯进行顶管轧制加工, 制得壁厚、直 径和长度符合要求的管件;
第五步, 对顶管轧制加工后的所述管件进行切头、精整, 制得合 格的成品管材。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所述第一步 的离心铸造是在铸型的旋转轴线与水平夹角即倾角为 15〜30度的倾 斜式离心铸造机上进行的,离心铸造出的空心管坯为一端内径收口的 空心管坯, 使所述空心管坯成为一端带环状杯底的空心管坯。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所述第一步 的离心铸造是在铸型的旋转轴线与水平夹角为 0度的卧式离心铸造机 上进行的, 离心铸造出的空心管坯为等壁厚的两端通透的空心管坯。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 在所述第一 步和第二步之间还包括焊接步骤,该步骤是在离心铸造所得的所述两 端通透的空心管坯的一端上焊接一环状杯底,使所述空心管坯成为一 端带环状杯底的空心管坯。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所述焊接为 气体保护自动焊, 所述环状杯底可采用普通碳素钢制成。
6、 根据权利要求 2或 4任一所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所 述第二步所述的机加工是对制得的所述一端带环状杯底的空心管坯 进行内外表面的切削加工。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 对所述一端 带环状杯底的空心管坯内表面的切削厚度不少于 5毫米, 对所述一端 带环状杯底的空心管坯外表面的切削厚度不少于 2毫米。
8、 根据权利要求 2或 4任一所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 在 所述第二步和所述第三步之间还包括缺陷检查步骤,将存在缺陷经修 磨处理后仍不符合要求的所述空心管坯排除出所述工艺步骤。
9、 根据权利要求 2或 4任一所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所 述第三步的所述加热是按照所述空心管坯的材料高温塑性图的走向 预先选择的温度范围进行加热。
10、 根据权利要求 3所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所述第二 步所述的机加工是对制得的所述两端通透的空心管坯进行内外表面 的切削加工。
11、根据权利要求 10所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 对所述空 心管坯内表面的切削厚度不少于 5毫米, 对所述空心管坯外表面的切 削厚度不少于 2毫米。
12、根据权利要求 11所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 在所述第 二步和所述第三步之间还包括缺陷检查步骤,将存在缺陷经修磨处理 后仍不符合要求的所述空心管坯排除出所述工艺步骤。
13、根据权利要求 12所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所述第三 步的所述加热是按照所述空心管坯的材料高温塑性图的走向预先选 择的温度范围进行加热。
14、根据权利要求 13所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 在所述第 三步和第四步之间还包括在线收口步骤,该步骤是在收口机上对所述 离心铸造所得的两端通透的所述空心管坯的一端进行收口,使所述空 心管坯成为一端带环状杯底的空心管坯。
15、根据权利要求 2、 4或 14任一所述的生产新工艺,其特征在于: 所述第四步的所述顶管轧制加工,是将芯棒***的所述一端带环状杯 底的空心管坯中,然后靠芯棒的推进送入具有多架辊环的顶管机中进 行轧制变形。
16、根据权利要求 15所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 将所述芯 棒***所述一端带环状杯底的空心管坯中,然后靠所述芯棒的推进送
入具有 3〜7架辊环的顶管机中进行轧制变形,所述 3〜7架辊环的孔型 直径由小到大依次排列。
17、根据权利要求 16所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所述空心 管坯在单架辊环上的最大延伸系数 ( μ ΜΜ) 为 1.35, 平均延伸系数 (4 为 (0.85〜0.95) μΜ , 且在所述辊环的孔型直径由小到大依次 排列的各架辊环上的延伸系数按照 "山"字形规律分布, 即前后架辊 环上的延伸系数小, 中间架辊环上的延伸系数大。
18、根据权利要求 17所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所述顶管 机为具有 5架辊环的顶管机, 所述空心管坯在各架辊环上的延伸系数 由前到后依次为 (0.92-0.96) μ3、 (1.00- 1.08) μ3、 (1.10-1.18) μ3, (0.98-1.04) μ3、 (0.88-0.92) μ a。
19、根据权利要求 18所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 在所述第 四步和所述第五步之间还包括芯棒松脱步骤,从所述顶管机轧出的所 述管件连同所述芯棒一起, 送入松棒机进行松棒, 再将所述管件连同 芯棒运送到抽棒机上, 将所述芯棒从所述管件中抽出。
其中: n—转速;
L一管体长度;
一内径收口处的管壁厚度;
一管体公称壁厚;
Z)。一管体外径;
A—倾角系数。
21、根据权利要求 20所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所述倾角 数 A为大于 0小于等于 0.716。
22、根据权利要求 21所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 当所述倾 角为 15度时, A = 0. 1853; 倾角为 20度时, A = 0. 2449 , 当倾角为 25 度时, A = 0. 3026; 当倾角是 30度时, A= 0. 3580。
23、 根据权利要求 2所述的生产新工艺, 其特征在于: 所述空心 管坯的所述一端内径收口处所述环状杯底的厚度 H为:
H = F—
3.611 * Dx * a * μά 其中: Η—足以承受顶管轧制时芯棒顶推力的环状杯底厚度; F—稳定轧制时的顶推力;
Dx—芯棒直径;
σ—钢材的高温抗拉强度;
^一内径收口端环状杯底部分轧后计算所得的延伸系 数。
A—环状杯底环外径;
μ0一空心管坯的总延伸系数。
25、根据权利要求 2、 4或 14任一所述的生产新工艺,其特征在于: 所述第五步对所述管件进行切头是采用切头机切去所述管件的所述 环状杯底, 再对切去所述环状杯底后的管件进行精整加工, 制得合格 的成品管材。
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CN103753224A (zh) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-30 | 金寨县原元康塑料机械制造有限公司 | 塑料机械用无缝钢管加工工艺 |
CN103878554B (zh) * | 2014-04-01 | 2016-02-10 | 湖南大学 | 一种梯度化分配的薄壁吸能结构的加工方法 |
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DE102017105582A1 (de) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-05 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung eines nahtlosen warmgewalzten Rohres sowie gewalztes Schleudergussrohr und die Verwendung eines durch Schleuderguss hergestellten Hohlblocks |
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CN115971812B (zh) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-07-28 | 浙江双金机械集团股份有限公司 | 适用矿山机械的铜套、及其生产工艺和加工设备 |
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