WO2008151483A1 - Structure de support au sol dotée d'éléments de fixation - Google Patents

Structure de support au sol dotée d'éléments de fixation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008151483A1
WO2008151483A1 PCT/CN2007/003359 CN2007003359W WO2008151483A1 WO 2008151483 A1 WO2008151483 A1 WO 2008151483A1 CN 2007003359 W CN2007003359 W CN 2007003359W WO 2008151483 A1 WO2008151483 A1 WO 2008151483A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
interlocking member
substrate
bag
retaining structure
reinforcing layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/003359
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yu-Shun Chang
Original Assignee
Yu-Shun Chang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yu-Shun Chang filed Critical Yu-Shun Chang
Priority to PL07845727T priority Critical patent/PL2169118T3/pl
Priority to NZ581851A priority patent/NZ581851A/en
Priority to CA2690623A priority patent/CA2690623C/en
Priority to ES07845727T priority patent/ES2388109T3/es
Priority to JP2010600019U priority patent/JP3161029U/ja
Priority to US12/306,255 priority patent/US8371772B2/en
Priority to BRMU8702893-0U priority patent/BRMU8702893U2/pt
Priority to KR2020097000021U priority patent/KR200467667Y1/ko
Priority to AU2007354810A priority patent/AU2007354810A1/en
Priority to EP07845727A priority patent/EP2169118B1/en
Priority to CN2007800533377A priority patent/CN101680202B/zh
Publication of WO2008151483A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008151483A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0291—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of filled, bag-like elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a retaining structure, and more particularly to a retaining structure having an interlocking member; further, particularly, to an interlocking member and having The retaining structure of the reinforcement layer.
  • a retaining wall refers to a retaining structure constructed on a section where soil loss is likely to occur, such as an embankment or a slope, to prevent soil loss and to ensure the robustness and stability of the above-mentioned sections.
  • the setting and types of retaining walls are quite numerous. The most traditional way is to lay the steel bars on the engineering sections and then solidify them by concrete infusion. When the retaining wall is constructed, the construction is huge, the construction difficulty is high, and the curing time of the purely concrete is long, resulting in a long construction period. In addition, the retaining structure made of concrete has limited soil cover and is easily lost due to the intrusion of feng shui, which often results in poor planting greening efficiency, which in turn causes soil and water conservation.
  • the bag body is filled with sand/soil, and in order to increase the longitudinal and lateral connection of the bag body,
  • the current solution is to connect between adjacent pockets by means of interlocking members, so that the pockets are stabilized by interference.
  • the patent documents relating to the bag body and the interlocking member can be referred to the Chinese patent ZL 200620054736. No. 8 patent case, and the number of layers disclosed in the Chinese patent ZL 200420066760. 4, Taiwan No. M273596 filed by the applicant of the present application.
  • the sand/mud bag is constructed to form a retaining structure.
  • the applicant found that the simple interlocking structure is used to fix the adjacent bag body, and the overall elasticity of the retaining structure formed by the applicant is far from resisting harsh environments such as heavy wind and heavy rain and even dust storms.
  • the wall often suffers from damage, which often causes serious problems for the construction unit and needs to be improved. Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems, the applicant of the present invention has made a patent application that can adapt to the high-strength retaining structure in various weather environments after careful study.
  • the present invention is directed to the absence of the above-mentioned prior art, and the main purpose is to provide A retaining structure having an interlocking member, which can effectively improve the overall strength of the retaining structure by adding a reinforcing layer design to adapt to construction under different climatic conditions.
  • a retaining structure having an interlocking member comprising a wall body formed by stacking a plurality of bag body units, an interlocking member having a connecting function between the adjacent bag body units, the interlocking member being a substrate And a protrusion formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate, and a reinforcing layer is disposed between the substrate of the interlocking member and the bag unit.
  • a plurality of through holes for permeating the reinforcing layer are disposed on the substrate of the interlocking member.
  • the reinforcement layer is a cement layer or an adhesive layer.
  • a reinforced mesh is laid between every one or more layers of the bag unit, the reinforced mesh is closely attached to the substrate and the reinforcing layer of the interlocking member, and the protrusion on the substrate is passed through the reinforced mesh grid.
  • the bag unit is a container bag filled with a filler and plant seeds.
  • FIG. 1 is an embodiment (1) of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged structural view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the vertical appearance of the interlocking member of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an embodiment (2) of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged structural view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the vertical appearance of the interlocking member of the embodiment.
  • Figure 7 is an embodiment (3) of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a partial enlarged structural view of Figure 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the appearance of the reinforced mesh of the embodiment. Description of the reference numerals
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 the structure of the embodiment (1) of the present invention is schematically illustrated.
  • the reinforcing layer 3 between the lock members 2 is combined.
  • the bag unit 11 is made of a gas permeable, water permeable, and non-permeable material, such as a non-woven fabric, which is sewn or mechanically drawn so that water can easily penetrate into the bag unit 11.
  • the plurality of bag units 11 are stacked in a lateral direction and in a longitudinal direction to form a wall 1.
  • the bag unit 11 is basically a container bag. When not used for greening, the inside of the bag unit 11 can be filled with sand/soil; if each bag is used as a greening vegetable bag, the inside is filled with a filler.
  • the filler is a plant growth material or a water absorbing material or a mixture of the two.
  • the plant growth material is soil or organic soil
  • the water absorbing material is water absorbing resin
  • the plant seed can be blended into the filler, and the plant nutrient material and the water absorbing material can provide nutrients and moisture necessary for plant seed growth. , can make plants grow, and then produce the effect of greening.
  • the interlocking member 2 is disposed between the longitudinally adjacent pocket units 11 and has a connection function.
  • the interlocking member 2 is composed of the substrate 21 and the protrusions 22 of the upper and lower surfaces thereof, and the substrate 2 is unconnected. Hole structure (see Figure 3).
  • the present invention differs from the conventional retaining structure in that a reinforcing layer 3 is disposed between the substrate 21 of the interlocking member 2 and the bag unit 11, and the reinforcing layer 3 may be made of cement or an adhesive material (such as glue). Therefore, the reinforcing layer 3 can be used to optimally improve the fixing effect between the bag units 11, so that the strength of the wall 1 stacked by the bag unit 11 is significantly improved to adapt to different climatic conditions. construction.
  • An interlocking member 2 is provided between the adjacent bag unit 11 and has a connecting function.
  • the interlocking member 1 is composed of a substrate 21 and a protrusion 22 on the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate 21.
  • the substrate 21 and the bag are located in the interlocking member 2.
  • a reinforcing layer 3 is disposed between the body units 11 , and the reinforcing layer 3 can be made of cement or glue material. Therefore, the reinforcing layer 3 can be used to better improve the fastening between the bag units 11 and thus the bag
  • the strength of the wall 1 stacked by the body unit 11 is significantly improved to suit the construction in different environments.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the embodiment (2) of the present invention; the present embodiment is different from the foregoing embodiment (1) in that a plurality of substrates 21 of the pin member 2 are opened.
  • the through hole 211 replaces the former embodiment (1) without a through hole, and the through holes 211 are designed to infiltrate the material of the reinforcing layer 3, such as cement or an adhesive (such as a glue), so that the reinforcing layer 3 penetrates the through holes 211 and is also interposed between the adjacent bag units 11 so as to provide the wall 1 stacked by the bag unit 11 with sufficient strength.
  • the reinforcing layer 3 such as cement or an adhesive (such as a glue
  • FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 it is an embodiment (3) of the present invention; wherein, in order to further strengthen the strength of the wall body 1, each of the foregoing embodiments (1) and (2) may be used.
  • a reinforced mesh 4 is laid between the one or more layers of the bag unit 11 , and the reinforced mesh 4 is closely attached to the substrate 21 of the interlocking member 1 and the reinforcing layer 3 , and the reinforcing layer 3 can also be cement or Glue material.
  • the protrusion 22 on the substrate 21 is passed through the protrusion 22
  • the design of the utility model focuses on fully utilizing the design of adding a reinforcing layer between the substrate and the bag unit of the interlocking member, which can effectively improve the overall strength of the retaining structure and adapt to the construction under different climatic conditions.
  • the bag unit is internally filled with a filler which is a mixture of a plant growth material and a water absorbing material.
  • the plant growth material is soil or organic soil
  • the water absorbing material is a water absorbing resin
  • the plant seeds are mixed in the filler, and the plant growth material and the water absorbing material can provide the nutrients and moisture necessary for plant growth, thereby facilitating Implementation of greening.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Description

具有联锁构件的挡土结构 技术领域 本实用新型涉及一种挡土结构，尤其是指一种具有联锁构件的挡 土结构； 进一步而言， 特別是指一种既有联锁构件且具有加固层之挡 土结构。 背景技术 众所周知， 挡土墙是指在一些容易出现土壤流失的地段， 例如路 堤或边坡上所建构的挡土结构， 以防止土壤流失， 并确保上述地段的 坚固性和稳定性。
目前，挡土墙的设置方式和种类相当繁多， 最传统方式是在工程 地段上铺设钢筋后， 再以混凝土灌注经固化而成。 而此种挡土墙于施 工时，工程浩大，施工困难度高，且纯粹使用混凝土的固化时间较长， 从而导致施工期限较长。 此外， 以混凝土制成挡土结构因覆盖土壤有 限， 且容易因风水之侵袭而流失， 往往造成植披绿化效率极差， 进而 形成水土保持之困扰。
现今， 为了克服前述传统以混凝土制成挡土结构的诸多缺陷， 一一 般是由袋体经由堆迭而成， 该袋体内装填有沙 /泥土， 且为增加袋体 在纵向及横向之连结，现行之解决方案系在相邻的袋体之间藉由联锁 构件进行连接， 使袋体间因干涉而稳固。 而有关袋体与联锁构件之专 利文献可参阅中国专利 ZL 200620054736. 8号专利案， 以及本案申请 人所申请的中国专利 ZL 200420066760. 4号、 台湾第 M273596号专利 案所公开之由数层沙 /泥土袋建构成之挡土结构。 然而， 申请人在实 施过程中发现仅用简单的联锁结构将相邻袋体固接的方式，其所形成 的挡土结构整体彈度远远不能抵抗诸如大风大雨，甚至沙尘暴等恶劣 环境， 其墙体常常会遭受损坏之现象发生， 往往带给施工单位极为严 重的困扰，而亟待改善。 因此，本案申请人有鉴于前述所存在之问题， 经仔细研究，特提出一种能够适应各种天气环境下之高强度的挡土结 构之专利申请。 实用新型内容 本实用新型针对上述习知技术所存在之缺失，主要目的在于提供 一种具有联锁构件的挡土结构， 其藉由增设加固层之设计， 可有效地 提高挡土结构的整体强度， 以适应不同气候环境下进行施工。
为实现上述之目的， 本实用新型采取如下技术方案：
一种具有联锁 '构件的挡土结构，包括由多个袋体单元堆叠而成的 墙体， 位于该相邻的袋体单元之间具有连接作用的联锁构件， 该联锁 构件由基板及基板上下表面的突出物构成，位于联锁构件的基板与袋 体单元之间设置有加固层。
上述联锁构件的基板上设置有多个供加固层渗透的通孔。
该加固层为水泥层或粘着剂层。
在每隔一层或多层的袋体单元之间铺设有加筋网，该加筋网紧贴 于联锁构件的基板和加固层，且该基板上的突出物穿设该加筋网的网 格。
上述袋体单元为为一容物袋， 该容物袋中填装有填料和植物种 子。
本实用新型与习知技术相比，其优点在于藉由联锁构件的基板与 袋体单元之间增设加固层之设计， 可有效地提高挡土墙的整体强度， 以适应不同气候环境下进行施工。 附图说明 图 1是本实用新型实施例 （一） ；
图 2是图 1局部放大结构示意图；
图 3是本实用新型联锁构件之立外观结构示意图；
图 4是本实用新型实施例 （二） ；
图 5是图 4局部放大结构示意图；
图 6是本实施例之联锁枸件的立外观结构示意图；
图 7是本实用新型实施例 （三） ；
图 8是图 7局部放大结构示意图；
图 9是本实施例之加筋网之外观结构示意图。 附图标号说明
1、 墙体 11、 袋体单元 2、 联锁构件 21、 基板
211、 通孔 22、 突出物 3、 加固层 具体实施方式 下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步描述。
请参阅图 1至图 3所示， 为本实用新型实施例（一）之结构示意 图； 其中， 一种具有联锁构件的挡土结构， 由复数个袋体单元 11， 设位于该纵向相邻之袋体单元 11间之联锁构件 2 , 及介于该袋体 11 与联锁构件 2间之加固层 3所組合而成。
袋体单元 11 系由可透气、 透水且不渗填料的材料， 例如不织布 经缝制或机械扎制而成， 以便于水容易地渗入该袋体单元 11 内。 该 等复数个袋体单元 11 经由横向排列及纵向堆叠， 可形成一墙体 1。 该袋体单元 11基本上为一种容物袋， 当不作为绿化用途时， 其内部 可装填沙 /泥土； 若需将各容物袋用于作为绿化之植生袋时， 其内部 装填有填料， 该填料系为植物生长材料或吸水材料或两者之混合物。 其中，植物生长材料系为土壤或有机土壤，而吸水材料则为吸水树脂， 而植物种子则可掺混于填料内，可藉由植物生长材料及吸水材料提供 植物种子生长时必要的养分及水分， 可令植物生长， 进而产生绿化的 效用。
联锁构件 2设于该纵向相邻之袋体单元 11间，而具有连接作用， 该联锁构件 2由基板 21及其上、 下表面的突出物 22所构成， 且基板 2上呈无通孔结构 （见图 3 ) 。 本创作之异于习知挡土结构在于， 另 将一加固层 3设于该联锁构件 2的基板 21与袋体单元 11之间，该加 固层 3可选用水泥或粘着剂材料（如胶液）， 故可利用该加固层 3形 成最佳地提高袋体单元 11间的固接效果，从而使袋体单元 11所堆迭 的墙体 1强度得到明显提升， 以适应不同气候环境下进行施工。
位于该相邻的袋体单元 11之间具有起连接作用的联锁构件 2 , 该联锁构件 1由基板 21及基板 21上下表面的突出物 22构成， 位于 联锁构件 2的基板 21与袋体单元 11之间设置有起加固层 3 , 该加固 层 3可选用水泥或胶水材料， 故， 可利用该加固层 3起到更好地提高 袋体单元 11之间的固接，从而由袋体单元 11所堆叠的墙体 1之强度 得到明显提升， 以适应不同环境下进行施工。
如图 4至图 6所示， 为本实用新型实施例 （二）之结构示意图； 本实施例与前述实施例（一）唯不同之处在于其中联销构件 2之基板 21上开设有复数个通孔 211取代前实施例 （一）无通孔之方式， 而 该等通孔 211是为了使加固层 3的材料，例如水泥或粘着剂（如胶液） 渗透所作之设计，使该加固层 3穿透该等通孔 211后亦介于相邻的袋. 体单元 11之间，以便提供由袋体单元 11所堆迭的墙体 1具有足够的 强度。
再请参阅图 7至图 9所示， 为本实用新型实施例 （三）； 其中， 为更进一步使墙体 1的强度更加牢固， 可在前述实施例（一）、 （二） 中的每隔一层或多层的袋体单元 11之间铺设有一加筋网 4 , 该加筋 网 4系紧贴于联锁构件 1的基板 21和加固层 3， 该加固层 3同样可 以选用水泥或胶液材料。同时上述该基板 21上的突出物 22系穿设该 加筋网 4的网格 41。
本实用新型设计重点在于充分利用联锁构件之基板与袋体单元 之间增设一加固层之设计， 可有效地提高挡土结构的整体强度， 以适 应不同气候环境下进行施工。 此外， 该等袋体单元内部装填填料， 该 填料为植物生长材料及吸水材料之混合物。 其中， 植物生长材料为土 壤或有机土壤， 而吸水材料则为吸水树脂， 而植物种子则掺混于填料 内，俾可藉由植物生长材料及吸水材料提供植物生长必要的养分及水 分， 以利于绿化之实施。
以上所述， 仅是本实用新型一种具有联锁构件的挡土结构的较佳 实施例而已， 并非对本实用新型的技术范围作任何限制， 故凡是依据 本实用新型的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何细微修改、 等同变化 与修饰， 均仍属于本实用新型技术方案的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种具有联锁构件的挡土结构， 包括由多个袋体单元堆叠而成 的墙体， 位于该相邻的袋体单元之间具有连接作用的联锁构件， 该联 锁构件由基板及基板上下表面的突出物构成， 其特征在于： 位于联锁 构件的基板与袋体单元之间设置有加固层。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述具有联锁构件的挡土结构， 其特征在于： 上述联锁构件的基板上设置有多个供加固层渗透的通孔。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述具有联锁构件的挡土结构， 其特征在于： 该加固层为水泥层或粘着剂层。
4、根据权利要求 1或 3所述具有联锁构件的挡土结构， 其特征在 于： 在每隔一层或多层的袋体单元之间铺设有加筋网， 该加筋网紧贴 于联锁构件的基板和加固层，且该基板上的突出物穿设该加筋网的网 格。
5、根据权利要求 1或 2所述具有联锁构件的挡土结构， 其特征在 于： 上述袋体单元为为一容物袋。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述具有联锁构件的挡土结构， 其特征在于： 该容物袋中装填有填料和植物种子。
PCT/CN2007/003359 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 Structure de support au sol dotée d'éléments de fixation WO2008151483A1 (fr)

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PL07845727T PL2169118T3 (pl) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 Konstrukcja naziemna z elementami łączącymi
NZ581851A NZ581851A (en) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 Retaining wall comprising sandbags with interconnecting units and adhesive layers
CA2690623A CA2690623C (en) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 Retaining wall structure
ES07845727T ES2388109T3 (es) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 Estructura soportada por el suelo con elementos de fijación
JP2010600019U JP3161029U (ja) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 接続ユニットを備える擁壁構造
US12/306,255 US8371772B2 (en) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 Retaining wall structure
BRMU8702893-0U BRMU8702893U2 (pt) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 estrutura do muro de sustentação
KR2020097000021U KR200467667Y1 (ko) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 연결고정부품을 갖춘 옹벽구조
AU2007354810A AU2007354810A1 (en) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 Earth-supported structure with fasteners
EP07845727A EP2169118B1 (en) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 Earth-supported structure with fasteners
CN2007800533377A CN101680202B (zh) 2007-06-14 2007-11-28 具有联锁构件的挡土结构

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CNU2007200527301U CN201050067Y (zh) 2007-06-14 2007-06-14 具有联锁构件的挡土结构

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AU2007101245A4 (en) 2010-03-04
KR20100001684U (ko) 2010-02-17
KR200467667Y1 (ko) 2013-07-05
US20090304458A1 (en) 2009-12-10
CN201050067Y (zh) 2008-04-23
EP2169118B1 (en) 2012-05-16
RU99026U1 (ru) 2010-11-10
ES2388109T3 (es) 2012-10-09
PT2169118E (pt) 2012-08-22
JP3161029U (ja) 2010-07-22
US8371772B2 (en) 2013-02-12
NZ581851A (en) 2012-02-24
MY157801A (en) 2016-07-29
BRMU8702893U2 (pt) 2012-10-16
CA2690623C (en) 2012-11-20
EP2169118A1 (en) 2010-03-31
EP2169118A4 (en) 2010-09-01
CA2690623A1 (en) 2008-12-18
CN101680202B (zh) 2012-06-27

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