WO2008101158A2 - Cylindre composite de détection de position - Google Patents

Cylindre composite de détection de position Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008101158A2
WO2008101158A2 PCT/US2008/054078 US2008054078W WO2008101158A2 WO 2008101158 A2 WO2008101158 A2 WO 2008101158A2 US 2008054078 W US2008054078 W US 2008054078W WO 2008101158 A2 WO2008101158 A2 WO 2008101158A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composite
cylinder
composite cylinder
conductive
resin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/054078
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008101158A3 (fr
Inventor
Elson B. Fish
Paul H. Lashbrook
Scott Farrisee
James Shobert
Original Assignee
Polygon Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/868,363 external-priority patent/US7980762B2/en
Application filed by Polygon Company filed Critical Polygon Company
Priority to CA2680299A priority Critical patent/CA2680299C/fr
Publication of WO2008101158A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008101158A2/fr
Publication of WO2008101158A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008101158A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28—Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2815—Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT
    • F15B15/2861—Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT using magnetic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2215/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another
    • F15B2215/30—Constructional details thereof
    • F15B2215/305—Constructional details thereof characterised by the use of special materials

Definitions

  • a fluid power composite cylinder that incorporates sensor features to assist in position sensing devices to sense the position of a piston within the cylinder that can not be achieved with conventional metallic cylinders.
  • the present disclosure relates to a composite cylinder that incorporates within its dielectric wall a conductive material that provides resistivity, capacitance, conductance, varying magnetic fields, and other types of features required for electronic sensors incorporated in (or on) the piston, piston rod, end pieces or other components located within the cylinder.
  • the fluid power composite cylinders incorporate implants in the form of linear transducer devices within the wall of the composite cylinder to detect the position of the piston within a cylinder.
  • the fluid power composite cylinders incorporating electromagnetic shielding materials within the wall of the cylinder to protect against undesirable electrical interference. Such shielding prevents crosstalk between adjacent composite cylinders. Since the sensing equipment is built into the cylinder, there is a reduction in costs associated with conventional hydraulic position cylinders.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the position sensing composite cylinder
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the composite cylinder of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of section A of Fig. 2 showing the different layers of the composite cylinder
  • FIG. 4 is a front elevational view showing the layers of the cylinder
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a composite cylinder having a capacitive sensor
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a composite cylinder having a linear motion transducer
  • Fig. 7 is a partial, cross-sectional view of the hybrid bearing cylinder of the present invention.
  • FIGs. 8-10 illustrate a series of steps used in producing the hybrid bearing cylinder of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a completed hybrid bearing cylinder produced by employing the steps illustrated in Figs. 8-10;
  • Fig. 12 is an end view of a bearing cylinder including a metal jacket
  • Fig. 13 is a cross section of the hybrid bearing cylinder taken along line 13-13 of
  • Fig. 12 showing the composite bearing cylinder positioned within the metallic jacket and also showing the metallic jacket being secured to a pair of end caps by welding;
  • Fig. 14 is an end view of a bearing cylinder
  • Fig. 15 is a cross section of the hybrid bearing cylinder taken along line 15-15 of
  • Fig. 14 showing the composite bearing cylinder positioned within the metallic jacket and also showing the metallic jacket being secured to a pair of end caps by threads positioned at the ends of the metallic jacket;
  • FIG. 16 is a side elevational view of a hybrid bearing cylinder secured to a pair of end caps by a series of threaded rods that extend from end cap to end cap;
  • Fig. 17 is an end view of the hybrid bearing cylinder of Fig. 16.
  • Fig. 18 is a cross section of the hybrid bearing cylinder taken along line 18-18 of
  • Fig. 17 showing the composite bearing cylinder positioned within the metallic jacket and also showing the metallic jacket being secured to a pair of end caps by elongated threaded rods that extend from end cap to end cap.
  • the present disclosure relates to resistivity type positioning fluid power cylinders
  • a fluid power composite cylinder 10 such as the AeroSlide cylinder manufactured by Polygon that includes a thin cylindrical layer of a resistive (or semi-conductive) material 202 located within the wall 201 of the dielectric cylinder tube 203, as shown, for example, in Fig. 3.
  • the location of the resistive (or semi-conductive) layer 202 in the wall 201 of the cylinder tube 203 relative to the bore surface 205 and the thickness and the resistivity of the resistive material 202 varies depending on the requirements of the electronic positioning sensor that is coupled to the cylinder 10. Examples of sensor components that can be used in connection with the cylinders 10 include but not limited to sensors requiring resistivity, sensors requiring capacitance, and sensors requiring varying magnetic field.
  • Cylinders 10 with the position sensing components shown in Figs. 1-6 can be used for piston positioning sensing, piston velocity control, cycle counting in fluid power hydraulic cylinders. Use of this arrangement provides cost savings, and greater monitoring of piston and cylinder wear.
  • a multiple of thin resistive layers 202 may be positioned at various locations within the wall 201 of the cylinder tube 203.
  • the resistive film in this embodiment is located between dielectric layers 204 in the wall 201 of the composite cylinder 10.
  • the cylinder 10 incorporates an electromagnetic shielding material 206 within the cylinder wall 201 or at the outer surface 207 of the dielectric composite tube 203 to prevent undesirable electrical interference with the positioning sensor device.
  • the resistive material used in the resistive layer 202 of the dielectric composite tubing 203 may be in the form of a polymeric gel coat formulated with the desirable amount of conductive filler such as carbon black to give the desired resistivity.
  • the polymeric gel coat may be applied (but not limited to) during the manufacturing process at the desired location within the composite wall by normal gel coating techniques such a spraying or contact application, preferably between the conductive layer and the outer surface 207 of the cylinder 10.
  • the resistive material 202 may also take the form of a resistive conductive polymeric thin film or metallic film that is wrapped onto the laminated composite cylinder 10 at a desired location within the wall 201 of the cylinder tubing 203, as suggested in Fig. 5.
  • the resistive material may also take the form of conductive fibers 216 such a carbon fiber that is filament wound into the cylinder wall during the filament winding process used in manufacturing the cylinder 10, as suggested in Fig. 6.
  • the resistive material 202 may take the form of a conductive prepreg consisting of a dielectric reinforcing material such as fiber glass roving with a semi-conductor polymer matrix.
  • the resistive material 202 is not limited to the above but may take other forms to meet the intent of this invention.
  • an area variation type capacitor is made by integrating a conductive thin foil 212 between dielectric laminates 204 in the wall 201 of the composite cylinder tube 203, as shown, for example, in Fig. 5.
  • the foil 212 forms a symmetric trapezoid orientated about the axis of the cylinder 10.
  • the taper in the foil 212 relative to the axial direction of the cylinder bore 205 provides a changing exposed area to piston 210 as the piston 210 moves in the cylinder 10.
  • Normally the piston 210 is ground while a voltage is applied to the foil 212.
  • the moving piston 210 thereby creates a changing capacitance which is proportional to the changing capacitance area.
  • the position of the piston 210 can be electronically monitored.
  • the dielectric composite tube material 200 located between the conductive foil 212 and the bore surface 205 and the relatively small distance between the bore surface 205 and the piston outer diameter serves as a dielectric spacer between the conductive surfaces of the capacitors.
  • the present disclosure also relates to fluid power electromagnetic position sensor cylinders.
  • a conductive wire 216 is wound symmetrically at a changing wind angle about the axis of the composite cylinder tube 203.
  • the wire 216 is imbedded within the dielectric laminate of the composite tube wall 201 and preferably located near the bore surface 205 and the piston 210 within the cylinder 10 is electrically grounded. Due to the magnetic field density changing with axial movement of the piston 210, the position of the piston 210 is proportional to the change in electromagnetic field current, thereby providing a means for electronically monitoring the relative position of the piston 210.
  • Fig. 5 shows a capacitive sensor formed with the composite cylinder 10.
  • the cylinder 10 includes the tapered conductive foil electrode 212 that positioned to lie around the cylinder 10. A charge is placed on the foil electrode and the metallic piston 210 and rod 214 are grounded.
  • the tapered foil 212 provides a changing face area as the piston 210 moves axially producing a change in capacitance.
  • Fig. 6 shows a linear motion transducer formed of a variable wound coil 217 that is wound within the dielectric composite fluid power cylinder 10 as it is being manufactured.
  • the coil wire 216 is wound into the resin material of the cylinder 10.
  • a charge is placed on the coil wire 216 and the conductive piston 210 and rod 214 are grounded.
  • the coil windings vary in density across the length of the cylinder 10 to provide a change in capacitance.
  • FIG. 7 shows the composite sleeve 10 having an inner surface 12.
  • Composite sleeve 10 includes a resin matrix 14 with a continuous filament material 16 and, optionally, a plurality of particulate additives 18 embedded therein.
  • Resin matrix 14 is composed of a resin material having fumed silica (commonly sold under the trade name "Cab-O-Sil") therein.
  • fumed silica commonly sold under the trade name "Cab-O-Sil”
  • 2% to 10% (by weight) thereof is employed with about 8% fumed silica being preferred.
  • fumed silica is used it is contemplated that any material having similar thixotropic properties and tribological characteristics such as wear resistance and hardness could be used in place of fumed silica.
  • An inner layer 20 of resin matrix 14 exists at inner surface 12, thereby greatly, due to the hardness imparted thereto by the fumed silica present therein.
  • the resin material may be made to be either translucent or colored, as desired.
  • Continuous filament material 16 is helically embedded within resin matrix 14 to thereby add to the toughness (i.e., durability) of composite sleevelO.
  • filament windings 26 each have a round filament cross-section 28, thereby forming a series of rounded filament surfaces 32 at or near inner surface 12.
  • Inner layer 20 of resin matrix 14 and the series of rounded filament surfaces 32 at or near inner surface 12 together actually define the totality of inner surface 12.
  • the combination of the fumed silica in resin matrix 14 and rounded filament surfaces 32 permits the surface finish of inner surface 12 to be an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of about 25 .mu.in or greater, whereas normal metallic or gel coated cylinders specify an Ra of less than 10 .mu.in.
  • continuous filament material 16 is a fiberglass material.
  • Fiberglass offers advantages of good hardness, generally good durability, a round cross-section and translucency.
  • Some possible choices for particulate additives 18 are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass beads, fine ground silica, etc. or a combination thereof.
  • PTFE commonly sold under the trade mark "Teflon”. Glass beads each offer a rounded surface and good hardness. Fine ground silica helps increase hardness.
  • FIGS. 7-11 together illustrate various steps in the production of composite sleevelO, including a perspective view of the finished product FIG. 11.
  • a highly polished mandrel 34 is provided to act as a mold for inner surface 12.
  • Mandrel 34 advantageously has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of no more than about 10 ⁇ inch.
  • Ra arithmetic average roughness
  • mandrel 34 is chrome plated.
  • the bore surface finish of the composite cylinder 10 is primarily a reflection of the mandrel surface finish.
  • the normal bore surface finish of the composite cylinder 10 ranges from 10 Ra to 25 Ra micro-inches.
  • the surface finish can even be higher and can simulate a microscopic "orange peel" surface profile resulting in less adhesion friction without adversely affecting the seal life as would be the case with bores of metallic cylinders.
  • mandrel 34 is desirably initially coated with a release agent 36 supplied by a release agent applicator 38 (shown schematically).
  • Additives can be provided within release agent 36 that will adhere to inner surface 12.
  • PTFE can, for example, be used as such an additive.
  • the coefficient of friction can further be reduced by the migration (transfer) of the mandrel release material from the mandrel to the composite bore surface. Above normal amounts of low friction additives in the mandrel release material such as PTFE particulates can further reduce the friction at the bore surface by the migration process.
  • Resin applicator 44 is advantageously a trowel applicator, permitting the application of a controlled, even thickness of resin material 42 on mandrel 34.
  • Resin material 42 is applied, desirably in a form of a paste, upon mandrel 34. Resin material 42 is troweled substantially evenly over entire mandrel 34, preferably to a thickness of about 1/8 inch.
  • a filament source 46 of continuous filament material 16 is supplied and via which filament windings 26 that are formed substantially transversely of primary direction 26.
  • Moandrel 34 could be rotatably driven, as schematically shown via arrow
  • Composite sleeve 10 can be used in combination with a metallic jacket 100 to form hybrid bearing cylinder 102, as shown, for example, in Fig.
  • Metallic jacket 100 includes an inner surface 104, an outer surface 106 and first and second ends 108, 110.
  • Composite sleeve 10 includes inner bearing surface 12 and machined outer surface 112.
  • Outer surface 112 of composite sleeve 10 can be machined using a lathing process so that the outer diameter of composite sleeve 10 is the same as or slightly greater than the inner diameter of metallic jacket 100 to allow for the metallic jacket 100 to be positioned around and secured to composite sleeve 10 to form hybrid bearing cylinder 102.
  • the outside diameter of the composite sleeve 10 can be machined to give the desired fit between the bore of the outer metallic jacket 100 and the outer diameter of the inner composite sleeve 10. Normally there will be a slight interference fit for a press fit assembly. In situations where the composite sleeve 10 is bonded to the outer metallic jacket 100 the outside diameter of the composite sleeve would be slightly less than the metallic jacket inside diameter to allow the proper bond joint thickness.
  • Composite sleeve 10 includes first and second ends 114, 116, as shown, for example, in Fig. 7.
  • the overall length of composite sleeve 10 is shorter than metallic jacket 100 such that first and second ends 114, 116 of composite sleeve 10 are set in from first and second ends 108, 110 of metallic jacket 100.
  • This arrangement allows metallic jacket 100 to be either be secured to end caps 118, 120 by use of welds 122, as shown in Fig. 7 or by threads 124, as shown in Fig. 9 for example.
  • Metallic cylinder 100 can be made from steel, aluminum or stainless steel.
  • Hybrid bearing cylinder 102 reduces the cost of surface preparation of the metallic cylinders used for fluid power, pneumatic and hydraulic cylinder applications because inner bearing surface 12 is already smooth due to the manufacturing process of the composite sleeve 10.
  • composite sleeve 10 in combination with metallic jacket 100 provides corrosion resistance to the bore surface allowing other non-compressible fluids, such as water, to be used other than conventional hydraulic fluids, and the design results in an overall weight reduction in the cylinder.
  • the hybrid bearing cylinder 102 incorporates the strength and stiffness of metal cylinders and incorporates the bearing surface benefits of the composite sleeve material
  • Use of hybrid bearing cylinder 102 reduces the overall geometric size of the cylinder as compared with an all composite cylinder.
  • End caps 118, 120 are designed to be secured to hybrid bearing cylinder 102 to provide an end seal, as shown, for example, in Figs. 7 and 9. Depending upon the application, end caps 118, 120 may or may not include a central aperture 126 to permit the passage of a rod
  • end caps 118, 120 include an end wall 132 and an annular side wall
  • Annular side wall 134 of end caps 118, 120 includes a first annular recess 136 positioned to lie near first and second ends 108, 110 of metallic jacket 100, as shown, for example, in Fig. 7.
  • Metallic jacket 100 can either be welded to side wall 134 of end caps 118,
  • first annular recess 136 can include threads 124 that engage corresponding threads formed on the inner surface 104 of metallic jacket 100, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9.
  • End caps 118, 120 also include a second annular recess 138 that is positioned to lie near first and second ends 114, 116 of composite sleeve 10, as shown, for example, in Fig. 7.
  • Second annular recess 138 includes an annular groove 140 that is adapted to accept an o-ring seal
  • End caps 144, 146 of hybrid bearing cylinder 102 of Figs. 10-12 include a series of apertures 148 adapted to accept tie rods 150 that extend from end cap 144 to end cap 146 to compress end caps 144, 146 against hybrid bearing cylinder 102.
  • Use of tie rods 150 replaces the use of welds or threads to secure end caps 144, 146 to hybrid bearing cylinder 102.
  • Use of welds or threads eliminate the need to use tie rods. Swaging, while not illustrated in the figures, can also be used to secure end caps 118, 120 to hybrid bearing cylinder 102.
  • Metallic jacket 100 can be assembled with composite sleeve 10 by press fitting the two components together. Another method for assembling metallic jacket 100 to composite sleeve 10 is by thermally expanding the metallic jacket 100 prior to inserting composite sleeve
  • metallic jacket 100 can be bonded to composite sleeve 10 by use of an adhesive or can be metal formed by use of swaging, roll forming, or drawing processes.
  • Use of metallic jacket 100 with composite sleeve 10 provides a sealing barrier for the composite sleeve 10 for applications that require the containment of gasses such as helium.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un cylindre hydraulique composite qui comprend un matériau conducteur et un matériau résistif en tant que parties du cylindre composite. Le matériau conducteur et le matériau résistif fournissent une caractéristique de capteur utilisée pour aider des dispositifs électroniques de détection de position à détecter la position d'un piston dans le cylindre.
PCT/US2008/054078 2007-02-15 2008-02-15 Cylindre composite de détection de position WO2008101158A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2680299A CA2680299C (fr) 2007-02-15 2008-02-15 Cylindre composite de detection de position

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US89007307P 2007-02-15 2007-02-15
US60/890,073 2007-02-15
US11/868,363 2007-10-05
US11/868,363 US7980762B2 (en) 2002-06-07 2007-10-05 Hybrid bearing cylinder

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008101158A2 true WO2008101158A2 (fr) 2008-08-21
WO2008101158A3 WO2008101158A3 (fr) 2008-10-16

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11040512B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2021-06-22 Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Composite structures, forming apparatuses and related systems and methods

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345732A (en) * 1964-06-11 1967-10-10 Gen Dynamics Corp Method of shrink fitting and apparatus therefor
US4234648A (en) * 1979-01-29 1980-11-18 Hexcel Corporation Electrically conductive prepreg materials
US4543366A (en) * 1984-09-10 1985-09-24 Thermocell Development, Ltd. Sprayable urethane resin composition and method
US5907273A (en) * 1993-11-24 1999-05-25 Rochester Gauges, Inc. Linear positioning indicator
US20020115360A1 (en) * 2001-01-29 2002-08-22 Tetsuya Mashiko Cooling system for small watercraft
WO2003103941A1 (fr) * 2002-06-07 2003-12-18 Polygon Company Cylindre a coussinet a coulissement pneumatique

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345732A (en) * 1964-06-11 1967-10-10 Gen Dynamics Corp Method of shrink fitting and apparatus therefor
US4234648A (en) * 1979-01-29 1980-11-18 Hexcel Corporation Electrically conductive prepreg materials
US4543366A (en) * 1984-09-10 1985-09-24 Thermocell Development, Ltd. Sprayable urethane resin composition and method
US5907273A (en) * 1993-11-24 1999-05-25 Rochester Gauges, Inc. Linear positioning indicator
US20020115360A1 (en) * 2001-01-29 2002-08-22 Tetsuya Mashiko Cooling system for small watercraft
WO2003103941A1 (fr) * 2002-06-07 2003-12-18 Polygon Company Cylindre a coussinet a coulissement pneumatique

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11040512B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2021-06-22 Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Composite structures, forming apparatuses and related systems and methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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