WO2008075461A1 - 二軸延伸ポリアミド樹脂フィルムおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
二軸延伸ポリアミド樹脂フィルムおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008075461A1 WO2008075461A1 PCT/JP2007/001417 JP2007001417W WO2008075461A1 WO 2008075461 A1 WO2008075461 A1 WO 2008075461A1 JP 2007001417 W JP2007001417 W JP 2007001417W WO 2008075461 A1 WO2008075461 A1 WO 2008075461A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polyamide resin
- film
- biaxially stretched
- monomer
- resin film
- Prior art date
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- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
- B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
- B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
- B29C55/14—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial successively
- B29C55/143—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial successively firstly parallel to the direction of feed and then transversely thereto
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- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film and a method for producing the same, for example, by laminating a polyolefin resin sheet such as polyethylene or polypropylene as a sealant, particularly for an infusion bag or the like.
- Polyamide resin packaging suitable for use in medical containers, etc. It relates to a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film that can be used in containers and a method for producing the same.
- Biaxially stretched polyamide resin films using nylon 6, nylon 66, etc. have excellent mechanical properties such as tensile strength, puncture strength, pinhole strength, and impact strength, as well as gas barrier properties and heat resistance. Are better. For this reason, a laminated film in which a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film is used as a front substrate and a polyolefin film is bonded by dry lamination or extrusion lamination is used for sterilization treatment such as boiling and retort. Used in a wide range of fields, including packaging materials.
- the molecular weight of the monomer unit constituting the polyamide resin is large, for example, nylon 11 or nylon 12 or the main component thereof.
- a copolyamide resin has been proposed (JP 4-325 1 59 A).
- a copolymerized polyamide resin of 1,6-hexanediamine and sebacic acid has been proposed (JP 200 1 -32868 1 A).
- polyamide resin even if unreacted monomers and oligomers are removed at the stage of chips before film formation, if the polyimide resin chips are remelted with a melt extruder or the like, monomers and oligomers are regenerated. As a result, the monomer remains in the film and its quality deteriorates.
- polyamides mainly composed of repeating force promides have the property that monomers are relatively easier to form than polyamides composed of dicarboxylic acids and diamines.
- VOC organic compounds
- the present invention solves the above-described problems, and the amount of force prolactam monomer eluted from the film is greatly reduced without impairing the original excellent properties.
- Polyamide resin packaging suitable for use in medical containers such as infusion bags, etc., with no risk of alteration of contents ⁇ Biaxially stretched polyamide resin film that can be used for containers and its manufacturing method The purpose is to do.
- the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film of the present invention comprises: A biaxially stretched film using polyamide resin, which is a force prolactam monomer
- the extraction amount of — is 0.1 mass% or less.
- the polyamide resin is a polyamide resin having a force bromide as a repeating unit.
- the vapor deposition layer is laminated on the polyamide resin layer.
- the gas barrier coat layer is laminated on the polyamide resin layer.
- the gas barrier coat layer is formed of a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer, and the adhesion strength between the polyamide resin layer and the gas barrier coat layer is 0.8 N / cm or more.
- the thickness of the coat layer is preferably 0.5 to 3.5 m.
- a sealant resin layer is laminated on the polyamide resin layer.
- an easy-adhesion layer formed of a urethane resin or a urea urea resin (also referred to as melamine urea resin) is laminated on the polyamide resin layer. It is preferable that
- the method for producing a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film of the present invention comprises a pH 6.5 to 9.0 at any stage in the process of producing a biaxially stretched film using a polyamide resin.
- a monomer removing step of contacting with water at a temperature of 20 to 70 ° C. for 0.5 to 10 minutes is performed.
- an unstretched polyimide film is treated in the monomer removing step, and then the moisture content of the film is adjusted to 2 to 10 in the moisture adjusting step. It is preferable to perform biaxial stretching simultaneously after the mass%.
- the packaging material of the present invention includes the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- the invention's effect [0022]
- the monomer elution amount from the film can be greatly reduced without impairing the original excellent properties of the polyamide resin film.
- the polyamide resin packaging suitable for use in medical containers such as infusion bags can be used for containers.
- a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film can be obtained.
- the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film of the present invention needs to have a polyamide resin layer, and the amount of monomer extracted should be 0.1% by mass or less.
- the monomer extraction amount is preferably 0.05% by mass or less, more preferably 0.02% by mass or less.
- this polyamide resin film is laminated with a sealant to form a laminated film, and the polyimide resin film is placed on the side that does not come into contact with the contents. Even in the case of a packaging bag, if the contents are water-based, there is a problem that the monomers contained in the film pass through the sealant and migrate to the contents.
- the amount of monomer extracted from the polyamide resin film in the present invention is calculated by the following measurement method assuming a scene close to the actual sterilization of a packaging bag. In other words, about 0.5 g of a film cut to a 0.5 cm square was weighed accurately and extracted with 1 Om I of distilled water in a boiling water bath (100 ° C) for 2 hours. The amount of monomer extracted from the extracted liquid is quantified by liquid chromatography (for example, HP 1100 HPLC system, manufactured by Hewett Packard). A more specific method for this will be described later.
- the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film of the present invention may be a multilayer film of a film made of the polyamide raw material.
- nylon 6 having excellent cost performance is preferable in terms of productivity and performance.
- nylon 6 When nylon 6 is used as a raw material for the film, it may contain other polyamide components from the above-mentioned polyamide species in an amount of 30% by mass or less depending on the form of copolymerization, mixing, multilayer, etc. .
- These polyamide resins may contain organic glycidyl esters, monocarboxylic acids such as dicarboxylic anhydrides and benzoic acids, diamines, and the like as end-capping agents in order to suppress monomer formation during melting. More preferred.
- the relative viscosity of the above-mentioned polyamide resin is not particularly limited, but the relative viscosity was measured using 96% sulfuric acid as a solvent at a temperature of 25 ° C and a concentration of 1 g / dI.
- the viscosity is preferably 1.5 to 5.0. More preferably, it is in the range of 2.5 to 4.5, and more preferably in the range of 3.0 to 4.0.
- the relative viscosity is less than 1.5, the mechanical properties of the film are remarkably deteriorated. Moreover, if it exceeds 5.0, the film-forming property of the film will be hindered.
- These polyamide resins may contain one or more of various inorganic lubricants and organic lubricants in order to improve the slip property of the film.
- These lubricants include clay, talc, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, wollastonite, silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, calcium silicate, sodium aluminate, calcium aluminate, magnesium aluminosilicate. Examples thereof include rum, glass balloon, force pump rack, zinc oxide, antimony trioxide, zeolite, hydrotalcide, layered silicate, ethylene bisstearate amide and the like.
- the polyamide resin film of the present invention is produced by the following method.
- a polyamide resin composition is heated and melted by an extruder and extruded into a film form from a T die, and rotated by a known casting method such as an air-knife casting method or an electrostatic application casting method. It is obtained by cooling and solidifying on a cooling drum to form an unstretched film and subjecting the unstretched film to a stretching treatment. If the unstretched film is oriented, the stretchability may be lowered in a subsequent step. Therefore, the unstretched film is preferably substantially in an amorphous or non-oriented state.
- the stretching treatment includes sequential biaxial stretching in which stretching is performed in the longitudinal direction and then stretching in the transverse direction, and simultaneous biaxial stretching in which stretching is performed in the longitudinal and lateral directions simultaneously.
- the longitudinal stretching in the sequential biaxial stretching may be performed a plurality of times. In any of the stretching methods, it is preferable to perform the stretching treatment so that the surface magnification is 9 times or more so that a plane orientation coefficient of 0.05 or more can be obtained.
- the stretching method is not particularly limited, but in one step, melt film formation, monomer removal step, moisture adjustment step, stretching step, heat setting step, and cooling step, which will be described later, can be performed.
- the axial stretching method is desirable because it is efficient.
- a film that has been subjected to sequential biaxial stretching or simultaneous biaxial stretching is heat-set at a temperature of 1520 to 20 ° C in a tenter that has been subjected to the stretching treatment, and as required. In the range of 0 to 10%, preferably 2 to 6%, a longitudinal and / or lateral relaxation treatment is performed.
- the amount of force prolactam in the polyamide resin increases when the polyamide resin is melted, so the monomer removal process melts the polyamide resin to form a foam. It is preferable to carry out after forming into an film shape.
- the monomer removal step may be performed at any of the unstretched film stage, the longitudinal stretch stage, and the biaxial stretch stage, but is performed at the unstretched film stage where the film crystallinity and orientation have not progressed. Power It is preferable because the monomer removal efficiency is high and the monomer is not released into the atmosphere during the stretching process.
- the polyamide film is brought into contact with water at a pH of 6.5 to 9.0 and a temperature of 20 to 70 ° C for 0.5 to 10 minutes under tension in a monomer removal tank.
- the temperature of the water in the monomer removal tank needs to be 20 to 70 ° C, preferably 30 to 65 ° C, more preferably 40 to 55 ° C. . If the water temperature in the monomer removal tank is less than 20 ° C, it is difficult to remove the monomer in a short time. If the temperature exceeds 70 ° C, the unstretched film tends to wrinkle when the monomer removal step is performed at the unstretched film stage, stretching becomes uneven, and the quality of the stretched film decreases. Occasionally, the film may be cut, troubles such as film gripping may occur, and the operability will deteriorate.
- the pH of the water in the monomer removal tank needs to be 6.5 to 9.0. It is preferably 7.0 to 8.5, more preferably 7.5 to 8.0. If the pH is less than 6.5, the oxidative degradation of the polyamide resin film proceeds. When the pH force exceeds 9.0, alkaline water adheres to the film, which is easy to touch the operator and is not preferable for safety.
- the time during which the polyamide resin film is brought into contact with water in the monomer removal step depends on the temperature of the water and the pH, but it needs to be in the range of 0.5 to 10 minutes. Preferably it is 0.5 to 5 minutes, more preferably 1 to 3 minutes. If it is less than 0.5 minutes, it is difficult to sufficiently remove the monomer, and if it exceeds 10 minutes, the process becomes too long and the moisture content of the film at the time of stretching becomes high.
- the water temperature, pH, and contact time between water and the film in the monomer removal step are There is a close relationship. A higher water temperature is more effective for monomer removal, but if the water temperature is increased, wrinkles are likely to enter the unstretched film. If the water temperature is set low, it takes time to remove the monomer, resulting in poor productivity. By setting the pH to the weak alkali side of 6.5 to 9.0, the monomer in question can be selectively removed in a relatively short time even at low temperatures.
- the unstretched polyamide film is treated in the monomer removal step to remove the monomer, and then the polyimide resin is treated in the moisture adjustment step. It is preferable to stretch the film after the moisture content of the film is 2 to 10% by mass, preferably 4 to 8% by mass. When the water content is lower than 2 % by mass, stretching stress increases and troubles such as film cutting are likely to occur. On the other hand, if the moisture content is higher than 10% by mass, the thickness unevenness of the unstretched film increases and the thickness unevenness of the obtained stretched film also increases.
- the film In the moisture adjustment process, when the moisture content of the film is low, the film is usually passed through a moisture adjustment tank at a temperature of 40 to 90 ° C, more preferably a moisture adjustment tank at a temperature of 50 to 80 ° C. Adjust the transit time to adjust the moisture content of the film. Pure water is usually used for the moisture adjustment tank, but if necessary, the treatment liquid may contain a dye, a surfactant, a plasticizer, or the like. Further, the water content may be adjusted by spraying water vapor.
- the moisture content of the film is higher than 10% by mass, the moisture content is lowered by bringing the film into contact with a roll having a water absorption layer.
- a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film excellent in gas barrier properties with few processing defects can be obtained by adopting a configuration in which a vapor deposition layer is laminated on a polyamide resin layer.
- a vapor deposition layer an inorganic or organic compound is used.
- inorganic substances metals such as aluminum and inorganic oxides such as aluminum, silicon, magnesium, and titanium are used.
- Examples of a method for forming such an inorganic layer include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method.
- the vacuum deposition method is excellent in practicality.
- the polyamide resin layer is previously subjected to corona treatment, plasma treatment, inorganic or organic treatment. A coating treatment with a compound may be performed.
- a deposition raw material aluminum (AI), alumina (AI 2 0 3 ), silicon (S i), silica (S i 0 2 ), or a combination thereof is used as a deposition raw material.
- the heating method of the raw material include a resistance heating method, a high frequency induction heating method, an electron beam heating method, and a laser heating method.
- oxygen and other gases can coexist during heating, ozone can be added, and an ion assist method can be employed.
- the thickness of the deposited layer is preferably about 1 to 1000 nm. If it is 1 nm or less, gas barrier properties will not be exhibited, and if it is 1 000 nm or more, the plasticity of the processed film as a whole will be lost and its practicality will deteriorate.
- a gas barrier coat layer may be laminated on at least one surface of the polyamide resin layer.
- a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer PVDC
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride copolymer
- PVDC is a polymer containing 60% by mass or more, preferably 70 to 97% by mass of vinylidene chloride units, and is used in the form of latex and is coated on at least one surface of the polyamide resin layer.
- the average particle size of PVDC in the latex is preferably 0.05 to 0.5 m, particularly preferably 0.07 to 0.3 m.
- various additives such as an antiblocking agent, a crosslinking agent, a water repellent, and an antistatic agent may be used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the thickness of the gas barrier coat layer using PVDC is preferably in the range of 0.5 m to 3.5 Um, more preferably in the range of 0.7 m to 3. Om, and still more preferably 1 The range is from 0 m to 2.5 m. If this coat layer force is less than 0.5 m, it will be difficult to express sufficient gas barrier properties. On the other hand If the thickness of the film is greater than 3.5 m, not only will the effect be saturated, but the physical properties of the film may be impaired.
- the adhesion strength between the polyamide resin layer as a base film and the gas barrier coat layer is preferably 0.8 N / cm or more, more preferably 1. ON / cm or more, and still more preferably 2. 0 N / cm or more. If the adhesion strength is lower than this value, the polyamide resin layer and the gas barrier coat layer may be peeled off during boil treatment or retort treatment, or sufficient sealing strength may not be obtained.
- the method of coating is not particularly limited.
- various methods such as a gravure roll method, a reverse roll method, an air-knife method, a reverse gravure method, a myer bar method, an inverse roll method, or a combination thereof.
- a coating method and various spraying methods can be employed.
- the polyamide resin layer may be subjected to a corona discharge treatment immediately before coating.
- the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film having a structure in which a gas barrier layer is laminated as described above has excellent gas barrier properties in addition to excellent strength and mechanical properties as a polyamide film. And has excellent adhesion between the polyamide resin layer and the coat layer, and therefore can be suitably used as a packaging material.
- a structure in which a sealant resin layer is laminated on a polyamide resin layer may be employed. Since the sealant resin layer is laminated on the polyamide resin layer, heat sealability can be imparted, so that it can be used as a package.
- a resin having good thermal adhesiveness can be used.
- low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer Ionomer mono resin, ethylene monoacrylic acid methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene monoacrylic acid methacrylic acid ester copolymer, acid-modified polyethylene polypropylene resin, polyvinyl acetate resin and the like can be used. These may be used singly, copolymerized with other resins and components, used by being melt mixed, or may be used after modification. These resin components may be used in a single layer or in multiple layers with at least one kind of resin component. Particularly preferred are polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene / polypropylene copolymers.
- the polyamide resin layer is the outermost layer, and the sealant layer is the innermost layer, so as not to impair the effects of the present invention, an aluminum foil layer, a gas barrier resin layer, other heat A plastic resin layer, another polyamide resin layer, or the like may be laminated.
- the lamination method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a dry lamination method, a wet lamination method, a solvent-free dry lamination method, and an extrusion lamination method.
- the film in which the sealant layer is laminated in this manner is preferably used as a package body such as a bag-like body or a tray packaging lid material by heat-sealing the sealant layer side.
- a package body such as a bag-like body or a tray packaging lid material by heat-sealing the sealant layer side.
- Examples of the form of the bag include a three-side sealed bag, a four-side sealed bag, a pillow bag, a standing bouch, and a rocket packaging.
- the method of forming the sealant layer is a method of laminating the sealant layer as a film and then laminating it on the polyamide resin layer, a coextrusion method of simultaneously extruding and laminating the polyamide resin layer and the sealant layer, Examples thereof include a method of coating a polyamide resin layer with a resin to form a sealant layer.
- the film When the film is formed into a film layer, the film may be unstretched or stretched at a low magnification, but it is practically preferable that the film is an unstretched film.
- the film is formed by using a tenter method in which it is heated and melted by an extruder, melted and extruded from a T die, and cooled and solidified by a cooling roll, or a tubular method in which it is extruded from a circular die and cooled and solidified by water cooling or air cooling. it can.
- a method of laminating the sealant layer in the form of a film on the polyamide resin layer a normal production method can be used.
- a lamination method such as a dry lamination method, a wet lamination method, a solventless dry lamination method, an extrusion lamination method, or the like can be used.
- a lamination method using an adhesive such as polyurethane may be used.
- an adhesive such as polyurethane
- the packaging body is sterilized by dry heat treatment or wet heat treatment. It is possible to reduce the precipitation of monomers from the polyamide resin layer to the film surface during the process. Therefore, the film is particularly suitable as a package to be sterilized such as boil processing such as food packaging or retort processing.
- an easy adhesion layer formed of a urethane resin or a urethane urea resin can be provided on at least one surface of the polyamide resin layer.
- the urethane resin for this purpose is a reaction product of a polyhydroxy compound and a polyisocyanate.
- polyhydroxy compounds used as raw materials for polyurethane include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene ⁇ propylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, 1,5_pentanediol, Tylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyprolacton, polyhexamethylene adipate, polyhexamethylene sebacate, polytetramethylene adipate, polytetramethylene sebacate, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol! Le, glycerin, etc. You can.
- polyisocyanate compound examples include hexamethylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate and trimethyl dipropane. And adducts of hexamethylene diisocyanate and trimethylolethane.
- the urethane resin is not particularly limited, but an aqueous urethane-based resin can be suitably used in terms of the problem of residual solvent in the film and less environmental pollution.
- the aqueous urethane resin include ionomer type self-emulsifying type polyurethane resin.
- water-dispersed uretan resin in which the terminal force loxyl group is neutralized with a cation such as amine, ammonia or sodium, or neutralized with an anion such as carponic acid or halogen, etc. be able to.
- Urethane urea resin is a compound in which a polyhydroxy compound, a polyisocyanate, and a polyamine or an amino alcohol are appropriately reacted to give a urea group in the compound.
- Examples of the polyhydroxy compound and polyisocyanate compound used for the urethane urea resin include the same compounds as those used for the urethane resin described above.
- polyamines examples include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,2_diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopentane, and 1,6-diamine.
- Xanthone diaminotoluene, bis- (4-aminophenyl) methane, bis- (4-amino _ 3 _phenyl) methane, di- (aminomethyl) benzene, di- (2-amino-1-propyl) benzene, 1-amino-1-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, bis- (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane, diaminocyclohexane, di- (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, etc.
- Low molecular weight diamine and, for example, diethylenetriamine, tri Examples thereof include low molecular weight amines having 3 or more amino groups such as ethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, and 2,2′-diaminojetylamine.
- Examples of the amino alcohol include at least, for example, 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) 1,1,2-diaminoethane, hydroxyethylethylenetriamine, 3-aminopropanediol, and the like. Examples thereof include compounds having one amino group and at least one hydroxyl group.
- the shape of the melamine urea resin is the same as that of the urethane resin, but the shape is not particularly limited. However, the aqueous urethane urea resin is preferably used in view of the problem of residual solvent in the film and less pollution to the environment. it can.
- a curing agent in combination with the urethane resin or urethane urea resin.
- the curing agent include an isocyanate compound, a melamine compound, an epoxy compound, an oxazoline compound, a carpositimide compound, and an aziridine compound. These compounds may be used alone or in combination so as not to inhibit the pot life, but melamine compounds can be preferably used in terms of curability and pot life. Of these, methylolated melamine can be suitably used, and in order to control reactivity and impart storage stability, it is desirable to use a methylol group that has been alkoxylated.
- Step (2) of providing an easy-adhesion layer The order is not particularly defined.
- An in-line coating method that stretches and heat fixes after applying an easy-adhesion coating on an unstretched polyamide resin sheet that has not been aligned during the film-forming process, and a stretched and heat-fixed polyamide resin layer There is an off-line coating method for coating on the surface.
- the in-line coating method is preferable in terms of productivity and quality.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and a method similar to the method for forming the barrier coat described above may be used.
- an antistatic treatment for suppressing generation of static electricity may be performed.
- Various functional coating solutions other than the barrier coat solution described above may be applied.
- the thickness of the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when used for packaging, it is preferably in the range of 10 m to 3 Om.
- the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film may be subjected to physicochemical treatment such as corona discharge treatment, plating treatment, cleaning treatment, and dyeing treatment as necessary.
- 0.5 g of the film cut to 0.5 cm square is weighed accurately, put into a 1 Om I headspace bottle, added with 1 Om I of distilled water, and then with a butyl rubber stopper and an aluminum cap. After sealing, extraction was performed in a boiling water bath (100 ° C) for 2 hours. After cooling, it was filtered through a 0.45 m disk filter to obtain a measurement sample.
- the strength prolactam was dissolved in 0.1 g of 10 Om I distilled water and further diluted to prepare a 100 ppm standard solution.
- a dimer having low solubility was prepared by dissolving 0.01 g in 100 ml of distilled water to prepare a standard solution. Each solution was injected with 1-1 U I to obtain a calibration curve.
- Power ram Wat er s Pu er s i l 5 C 1 8 200 angstrom
- the unstretched film after the water absorption treatment was collected, put in a weighing bottle, dried, and calculated from the mass change before and after drying.
- Thickness unevenness (maximum thickness along the width direction—minimum thickness along the width direction) ⁇ average thickness X 1 00
- Polyamide resin pellets were dissolved in 96% sulfuric acid at a concentration of 1 g / d I and measured at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- the resin to be measured was dissolved in 1-80 ° C benzyl alcohol, added with phenolphthalein indicator, and titrated with ethanol solution of 0.02 N potassium hydroxide.
- Corona discharge treatment was performed on one side of the biaxially stretched polyimide resin film, and urethane adhesive (Takelac A_525 / Takenate A_52 two-pack type) manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals Polyurethane was applied to the corona-treated surface.
- the film was dried with a hot air dryer at 80 ° C. for 10 seconds so that the adhesive coating amount was 3 g / m 2 .
- the adhesive-coated surface and the corona-treated surface of the sealant film are bonded together with a nip roll (two-ply condition 80 ° C) Then, the film wound and bonded was aged for 72 hours in an atmosphere of 40 ° C to produce a laminate film.
- the gas barrier property was evaluated by measuring oxygen permeability.
- Oxygen permeability is determined by measuring oxygen gas permeability in an atmosphere of 20 ° C and 65% relative humidity using a Mocon oxygen barrier measuring instrument (OX-T RAN 2/20). evaluated.
- the pinhole resistance was evaluated by a gel post test as an index of bending resistance.
- a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film was cut out with a size of MD 300 mmXTD (Tran s ss er s d er ct i io nt) 200 mm and the number of samples 5.
- MD 300 mmXTD Tran s ss er s d er ct i io nt
- Each sample was subjected to 440 ° rotational expansion and contraction 500,000 times in a 20 ° CX 65% RH environment using a gel pot tester manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd. After that, we evaluated by counting the number of pinholes generated in the sample.
- Urethane adhesive (LX—40 1 A / SP—60 two-component) manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc. on the PV DC coating surface of the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film is 3.0 g / m 2 (D RY), and a sealant film (LLDPE: linear low-density polyethylene film TU X FCS thickness 5 O m, manufactured by Tosero Co., Ltd.) is applied by dry lamination. Was performed at 40 ° C for 3 days to obtain a laminate film.
- LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene film TU X FCS thickness 5 O m, manufactured by Tosero Co., Ltd.
- the obtained laminate film was cut into a strip of MD 10 OmmX TD 15 mm in an environment of 20 ° CX 65% RH, and between the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film and the Silang® Using tweezers, 3 Omm was peeled off on MD to make a laminated strong test piece.
- a tensile tester AS_ 1 S manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- each peeled end was fixed, and then the test piece was “ While maintaining the mold, 50 mm was peeled from the MD at a tensile speed of 300 mm / min, and the average value of the strength at that time was read. Measurement was performed on five samples, and the average value was determined as the adhesion strength.
- the adhesion strength between the polyamide resin layer and the gas barrier coat layer is not sufficient, only a low adhesion strength can be obtained at the time of the above measurement, and the release interface is a polyamide resin layer / Transition between gas barrier coat layers. Therefore, the measured value was used as an index indicating the adhesion between the polyamide resin layer and the gas barrier coat layer.
- the adhesive strength of 0.8 N / cm or more was accepted.
- a film in which a sealant resin layer is laminated on a polyamide resin layer is cut out to a size of MD 300 mm XTD 20 Omm, and the outer size MD 1 50 mmX TD 200 mm is obtained with an impulse sealer (Fuji Impulse).
- An impulse sealer (Fuji Impulse).
- a four-sided bag with a seal width of 10 mm was produced. This four-sided bag was filled with 100 ml of pure water as the contents.
- a urethane adhesive (Takelac A— 5 2 5 / Takenate A— 5 2 two-component) made by Mitsui Chemicals Polyurethane on the surface of the easy-adhesion layer of the biaxially oriented polyamide resin film at a coating amount of 3 g / m 2.
- the coated film was dried with a hot air dryer at 80 ° C for 10 seconds, and the adhesive-coated surface and the sealant film (CPP: non-stretched polypropylene film manufactured by Tosero, RXC-2 1
- the corona-treated surfaces having a thickness of 4 O jLl m) were bonded together with a nip roll.
- a laminate film was produced by aging at 40 ° C. for 4 days.
- the obtained laminate film was cut into strips of MD 10 O mm XTD 15 mm in a 20 ° CX 65% RH environment, and a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film and a shiran glass Using a tensile tester (AS _ 1 S manufactured by Shimadzu Corp.) with a 30 N measurement mouth cell and sample chuck attached, After fixing each peeled end, the tester himself kept the test piece in a “cut” shape, and peeled it 50 mm from the MD at a pulling speed of 300 mm / min. Strength (T-type water peeling) was measured. Measurements were taken on 5 samples, and the average value of these samples Power.
- AS _ 1 S manufactured by Shimadzu Corp.
- ⁇ _ force prolactam put 100 parts by mass of ⁇ _ force prolactam and 3 parts by mass of water into a closed reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, raise the temperature, and perform a polycondensation reaction at a pressure of 0.5 MPa and a temperature of 260 ° C. After discharging from the reaction vessel, cutting into chips was performed, and this was purified and dried to obtain raw material b.
- the chip of raw material b had a terminal force lupoxyl group of 45 mmol / kg, a terminal amino group of 46 mmol / kg, and a relative viscosity of 3.01.
- inorganic fine particles (siloid SY— 1 50: A master chip was prepared by melting and mixing 6 parts by mass of Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the raw material a and master chip are blended, and the blending ratio of inorganic fine particles is set to 0.05 mass%. Then, the mixture is introduced into an extruder and melted in a cylinder heated to a temperature of 2700 ° C. Then, it was extruded into a sheet form from a T-die orifice, brought into close contact with a rotating drum cooled to 10 ° C., and rapidly cooled to obtain an unstretched film having a thickness of 150 m. The amount of monomer extracted from this unstretched film was 0.191% by mass, and the amount of extracted cyclic monomer was 0.030% by mass.
- the unstretched film was introduced into a monomer removal tank set at a temperature of 53 ° C and a pH of 7.9, and as a monomer removal step (A), As described in Table 1, it was immersed in water for 1 minute. After that, it is guided to a moisture adjustment tank at 60 ° C and immersed in water for 20 seconds as a moisture adjustment step (B), so that the moisture content becomes 6.3 mass% as shown in Table 1. To absorb water. Next, the water-absorbed unstretched film was guided to a simultaneous biaxial stretching machine, and subjected to simultaneous biaxial stretching at a magnification of 3.3 times in length and 3.0 times in width.
- Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the monomer extraction amount, thickness unevenness, and operability of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film and the above-mentioned sealant film were dry-laminated using the above-mentioned urethane-based adhesive, thereby producing a laminated film.
- the obtained monomer film was subjected to the above-described monomer transfer test. As shown in Table 1, neither monomer nor dimer was detected.
- the pH of the water used in the monomer removal step (A) was changed to 7.0 as described in Table 1. Otherwise in the same manner as in Example 1, a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film having a thickness of 15 m was obtained.
- the moisture content of the film after the moisture adjustment step (B) was 6.1% by mass. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- Table 1 shows the temperature and treatment time of the water used in the monomer removal step (A) as shown in Table 1, the temperature and treatment time of the water used in the monomer removal step (A) were changed to 40 ° C and 2.0 minutes. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 1, and obtained the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film of thickness 15m. The moisture content of the film after the moisture adjustment step (B) was 7.2% by mass. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- Example 1 As shown in Table 1, the water temperature and treatment time used in the monomer removal step (A) were changed to 40 ° C and 8.0 minutes. Otherwise in the same manner as in Example 1, a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film having a thickness of 15 m was obtained. The moisture content of the film after the moisture adjustment step (B) was 8.9% by mass. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- Example 6 As shown in Table 1, the temperature and treatment time of water used in the monomer removal step (A) were changed to 65 ° C and 0.5 minutes. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 1, and obtained the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film of thickness 15m. The moisture content of the film after the moisture adjustment step (B) was 7.6% by mass. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film. [0119] Example 6
- Example 1 As described in Table 1, the pH, temperature and treatment time of water used in the monomer removal step (A) were changed to 8.5, 25 ° C and 4.0 minutes. Otherwise in the same manner as in Example 1, a 15-m thick biaxially stretched polyamide resin film was obtained. The moisture content of the film after the moisture adjustment step (B) was 6.7% by mass. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- Raw material b was used instead of raw material a. Otherwise in the same manner as in Example 1, a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film having a thickness of 15 m was obtained.
- the moisture content of the film after the moisture adjustment step (B) was 6.4% by mass.
- Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyimide resin film.
- the monomer removal step (A) was omitted. Otherwise, the procedure was the same as in Example 1.
- the moisture content of the film after the water content adjusting step (B) was 6.0% by mass. Obtained Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the monomer extraction, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- the amount of monomer contained in the obtained stretched film is less than the amount of monomer contained in the unstretched film, so that the monomer is released into the atmosphere during the stretching process or heat treatment step. It was found that it was released. However, the amount of monomer in the obtained stretched film was still large, and a large amount of monomer was detected in the migration test.
- the time for the monomer removal step (A) was as short as 0.1 minute as shown in Table 1. Otherwise, the procedure was the same as in Example 7.
- the moisture content of the film after the moisture adjustment step (B) was 6.0% by mass. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyimide resin film.
- the temperature of water used in the monomer removal step (A) was as high as 80 ° C. as described in Table 1. Further, the time of the moisture adjustment step (B) was shortened so that the moisture content of the film after the moisture adjustment step (B) was 8.2% by mass. Otherwise, the procedure was the same as in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- Example 1 the temperature of the water used in the monomer removal step (A) was set to a low temperature of 15 ° C., and the time for the step (A) was set to 5.0 minutes. Otherwise, the procedure was the same as in Example 1.
- the pH of water used in the monomer removal step (A) was set to a low value of 6.0. Otherwise, the procedure was the same as in Example 1.
- the moisture content of the film after the moisture adjustment step (B) was 6.2% by mass. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- Example 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- the raw material a and master chip are blended, and the blending ratio of inorganic fine particles is set to 0.05 mass%.
- the mixture is introduced into an extruder and melted in a cylinder heated to a temperature of 260 ° C. Then, it is melt-extruded in a sheet form from a T-die, and brought into close contact with a rotating drum with a surface temperature of 10 ° C by an air-knife casting method.
- An unstretched film having a thickness of 150 m was obtained. This unstretched film had a monomer extraction amount of 0.373% by mass, and a cyclic dimer extraction amount of 0.037% by mass.
- this unstretched film was stretched longitudinally at a temperature of 55 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 2.8 times by an MD stretching machine composed of a group of heated rollers having different peripheral speeds.
- this film was placed in a monomer removal tank with a temperature of 53 ° C and a pH of 7.9 1.
- the film was then stretched 3.7 times at 90 ° C and subjected to sequential stretching.
- the temperature was gradually raised in the tenter and heat-treated at a maximum temperature of 210 ° C, and further 2% relaxation was applied to TD at 210 ° C. Thereafter, it was cooled at 100 ° C. to obtain a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film having a thickness of 15 m.
- the amount of monomer extracted from the obtained biaxially stretched film was as small as 0.004 mass%.
- the extraction amount of the cyclic dimer was 0.034% by mass.
- the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film and the above-mentioned sealant film were dry-laminated using the above-mentioned urethane-based adhesive, thereby producing a laminated film.
- the obtained monomer film was subjected to the above-mentioned monomer transfer test. As shown in Table 1, neither monomer nor dimer was detected.
- the raw material a and the master chip are blended, and the blending ratio of the inorganic fine particles is set to 0.05 mass%.
- the mixture is put into an extruder and melted in a cylinder heated to a temperature of 270 ° C.
- the sheet was extruded from a T-die orifice into a sheet shape, brought into close contact with a rotating drum cooled to 10 ° C., and rapidly cooled to obtain an unstretched film having a thickness of 150 m.
- the monomer extraction amount of this unstretched film was 0.201% by mass, and the extraction amount of the cyclic monomer was 0.026% by mass.
- the above-mentioned unstretched film is introduced into a 40 ° C moisture preparation tank, and first, as a moisture adjustment step (B), immersed in water for 20 seconds, the predetermined moisture content shown in Table 1 is obtained. It was made to absorb water.
- the water-absorbed unstretched film was guided to a simultaneous biaxial stretching machine and subjected to simultaneous biaxial stretching at a magnification of 3.3 times in length and 3.0 times in width. continue Then, heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 210 ° C., and 5% relaxation treatment was performed in the transverse direction to obtain a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film having a thickness of 15 m.
- the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film was introduced into a monomer removal tank set at 68 ° C. and pH 7.9, and as a monomer removal step (A). 9.0 Soaked in water for 0 minutes. Thereafter, the stretched film was wound up while drying by applying hot air of 90 ° C. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thick spots, operability, and migration test of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film had a much smaller amount of monomer than the unstretched film, and the monomer was not substantially detected in the migration test.
- Aluminum was vapor-deposited on the biaxially stretched polyamide resin films of Examples 1 to 10 using an electron beam heating type vacuum vapor deposition machine so that the vapor deposition thickness was 30 nm, and the gas barrier performance was measured. Further, the vapor barrier film was subjected to gel treatment, and the gas barrier performance was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the raw material a and the master chip are blended, and the blending ratio of the inorganic fine particles is set to 0.05 mass%.
- the mixture is put into an extruder and melted in a cylinder heated to a temperature of 270 ° C.
- the sheet was extruded from a T-die orifice into a sheet shape, brought into close contact with a rotating drum cooled to 10 ° C., and rapidly cooled to obtain an unstretched film having a thickness of 150 m.
- the monomer extraction amount of this unstretched film was 0.189% by mass.
- the unstretched film was introduced into a monomer removal tank set at 53 ° C and pH 7.9 as shown in Table 3, and the monomer removal step (A) was carried out for 1.0 minute. Only soaked in water. Thereafter, the water was introduced into a 60 ° C. water preparation tank, and water was absorbed so that the water content was 6.3% by mass as shown in Table 3 as the water adjustment process (B). Next, the thickness of the gas barrier coat layer after stretching PVDC latex (L 561 B manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Co., Ltd. (solid content concentration: 50 mass%)) on one side of the water-absorbed unstretched film becomes 2.0 m. Coated like this.
- the thickness of the gas barrier coat layer was changed to the value shown in Table 3. Otherwise in the same manner as in Example 21, a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film having a thickness of 15 m was obtained. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- the conditions for the monomer removal step (A) and the moisture content of the film were changed as shown in Table 3.
- the coating agent was changed to P V D C latex (L 53 36 B (solid content concentration 50 mass%) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals), and the thickness of the gas barrier coat layer was changed as shown in Table 3. Otherwise in the same manner as in Example 21, a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film having a thickness of 15 m was obtained.
- Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- the raw material a and the master chip are blended, the inorganic fine particles are adjusted to 0.05 mass%, and the mixture is put into an extruder and melted in a cylinder heated to a temperature of 260 ° C.
- the sheet was melt-extruded in a sheet shape, brought into close contact with a rotating drum having a surface temperature of 10 ° C., and rapidly cooled to obtain an unstretched film having a thickness of 15 Om.
- the amount of monomer extracted from this unstretched film was 0.373% by mass.
- this unstretched film was longitudinally stretched at a temperature of 55 ° C and a stretch ratio of 2.8 by a MD stretcher composed of a group of heated rollers having different peripheral speeds.
- the monomer removal step (A) under the conditions shown in Table 3 was introduced, followed by PVDC latex (L 5 29 B (solid content concentration: 50% by mass) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Co., Ltd.)
- the layer was coated to a thickness of 1.6 m.
- the film was stretched by 3.7 times at 90 ° C with a tenter and subjected to sequential stretching.
- the thickness of the gas barrier coat layer was changed to 0.3 m. Example 2 otherwise
- Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- the adhesion strength between the polyamide resin layer and the gas barrier coat layer was good.
- the thicker the gas barrier coat layer the better the gas barrier property, but the pinhole resistance of the film decreased, but all were acceptable.
- the monomer removal step (A) was omitted.
- the moisture of the film after the moisture adjustment step (B) was 6.0% by mass, and the thickness of the gas barrier coat layer was 1.5 m.
- the other conditions were the same as in Example 21.
- Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- the amount of monomer contained in the obtained stretched film is less than the amount of monomer contained in the unstretched film, so that the monomer is released into the atmosphere during the stretching process or the heat treatment step. It was found that it was released. However, the amount of monomer in the obtained stretched film was still large, and the adhesion between the polyamide resin layer and the gas barrier coat layer was not sufficient.
- Corona discharge treatment was carried out on one side of the biaxially stretched polyamide resin films of Examples 1 to 3, and an adhesive (Take Tack A-5-25 / Takenate A-5-2 manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals Polyurethanes Co., Ltd.) was applied to the corona treated surface. Two-part type) is applied, and the applied film is dried in a hot air dryer at 80 ° C for 10 seconds, resulting in an adhesive application amount of 3.5 g.
- the adhesive-coated surface and a sealant film (CPP film; non-stretched polypropylene film manufactured by Tosero Co., Ltd. RXC _ 2 1 Thickness 5 corona-treated surface are bonded together by a nip roll.
- CPP film non-stretched polypropylene film manufactured by Tosero Co., Ltd.
- RXC _ 2 1 Thickness 5 corona-treated surface are bonded together by a nip roll.
- Table 4 shows the appearance evaluation and laminating strength after the sterilization treatment of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin laminated film.
- the biaxially stretched polyamide resin films of Examples 6 to 8 were subjected to the same treatment as that of Examples 29 to 31 to obtain biaxially stretched polyamide resin laminated films of Examples 3 to 3-4. .
- Table 4 shows the appearance evaluation and laminating strength after the sterilization treatment of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin laminated film.
- a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film having a thickness of 15 m and laminated with a polyimide resin layer and an easy-adhesion layer was obtained by 5% relaxation treatment.
- Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, and operability.
- Example 35 The easy-adhesion coating solution was changed to DSM's urethane emulsion “Neolet's R600” and Sumitomo Chemical's melamine resin “Sumimar M_30W”. Otherwise in the same manner as in Example 35, a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film was obtained. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the monomer extraction amount, thickness unevenness, operability, and adhesion of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- the easy-adhesion coating solution was changed to Takeda Pharmaceutical's urethane “Urea Marugion” “WP B60_1” and Sumitomo Chemical's “Sumimar M_30W” melamine resin. Otherwise in the same manner as in Example 35, a biaxially stretched polyamide resin film was obtained. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the monomer extraction amount, thickness unevenness, operability, and adhesion of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film. After the ink was applied to the biaxially stretched polyamide resin films obtained in Examples 35 to 42, the sealant film shown in (14) above was applied to the urethane adhesive shown in (14). Was dry laminated. On top of that, an attempt was made to peel the interlayer between the polyimide resin film and the sealant film, but it was difficult for the sealant film to stretch and bring out the interface.
- Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the amount of extracted monomer, thickness unevenness, operability, and adhesion of the obtained biaxially stretched polyamide resin film.
- Comparative Example 23 The step of applying the easy-adhesive coating solution was omitted. Otherwise in the same manner as in Example 35, a biaxially stretched polyamide film was obtained. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the monomer extraction amount, thickness unevenness, operability, and adhesion of the obtained biaxially stretched polyimide resin film. Although there were few monomers in the obtained film, the adhesiveness was weak and it peeled easily between film / ink.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
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AU2007335662A AU2007335662A1 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-17 | Biaxially oriented polyamide resin film and method for production thereof |
ES07849847.4T ES2551309T3 (es) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-17 | Película de resina de poliamida orientada biaxialmente y método para la producción de la misma |
CN200780000983.7A CN101346418B (zh) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-17 | 双轴拉伸聚酰胺树脂膜及其制造方法 |
CN202010552731.2A CN111777784B (zh) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-17 | 双轴拉伸聚酰胺树脂膜及其制造方法 |
EP07849847.4A EP2098560B1 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-17 | Biaxially oriented polyamide resin film and method for production thereof |
CA 2672779 CA2672779C (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-17 | Biaxially stretched polyamide resin film and production method thereof |
JP2008550043A JP5686498B2 (ja) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-17 | 包装用二軸延伸ポリアミド樹脂フィルムおよびその製造方法 |
US12/448,244 US9168695B2 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-17 | Biaxially stretched polyamide resin film and production method thereof |
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EP (1) | EP2098560B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5686498B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20090093932A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN111777784B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2007335662A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2672779C (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20090093932A (ko) | 2009-09-02 |
TW200835598A (en) | 2008-09-01 |
CN111777784A (zh) | 2020-10-16 |
EP2098560B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
AU2007335662A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
CA2672779A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
JPWO2008075461A1 (ja) | 2010-04-08 |
CA2672779C (en) | 2014-12-02 |
US20100080985A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
TWI461299B (zh) | 2014-11-21 |
MY161730A (en) | 2017-05-15 |
ES2551309T3 (es) | 2015-11-18 |
JP5686498B2 (ja) | 2015-03-18 |
CN111777784B (zh) | 2022-11-01 |
EP2098560A1 (en) | 2009-09-09 |
EP2098560A4 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
US9168695B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 |
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