WO2008029898A1 - Method for production of emulsion fuel and apparatus for production of the fuel - Google Patents

Method for production of emulsion fuel and apparatus for production of the fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008029898A1
WO2008029898A1 PCT/JP2007/067451 JP2007067451W WO2008029898A1 WO 2008029898 A1 WO2008029898 A1 WO 2008029898A1 JP 2007067451 W JP2007067451 W JP 2007067451W WO 2008029898 A1 WO2008029898 A1 WO 2008029898A1
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Prior art keywords
water
oil
emulsion fuel
combustible
producing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2007/067451
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Saburo Ishiguro
Tomihisa Naito
Original Assignee
Nanomizer Inc.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanomizer Inc. filed Critical Nanomizer Inc.
Priority to US12/439,436 priority Critical patent/US20100186288A1/en
Priority to EP07806892A priority patent/EP2068080A1/en
Priority to CN2007800407567A priority patent/CN101535718B/en
Publication of WO2008029898A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008029898A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
    • F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
    • F23K5/12—Preparing emulsions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water-oil type emulsion fuel family, and in particular, the constituent particles of water and flammable oil emulsion are made into an ultrafine particle state, and the obtained emulsion fuel is used as fuel for various power engines or combustion furnaces.
  • This invention relates to an invention that can contribute to energy saving and pollution prevention.
  • Patent Document Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-1 1 3385
  • various emulsion-type hydrofuels have been proposed, but they still lack the stability of combustion and are in practical use. Absent.
  • the particle diameters of these emulsions are several ⁇ m to several tens m.
  • the present inventors have pursued the stability that is regarded as a disadvantage of the emulsion-type water-added fuel, and in order to stably burn the emulsion of flammable oil and water, it is necessary to mix in an ultrafine particle state (nano level). Based on this idea, we have conducted earnest research.
  • the present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and is a method and an apparatus for manufacturing an emulsion fuel having the following configuration.
  • the combustible oil is one or more kinds selected from oils such as heavy oil, light oil, kerosene and volatile oil, industrial waste oil, tempura oil, soybean oil and sesame oil.
  • oils such as heavy oil, light oil, kerosene and volatile oil, industrial waste oil, tempura oil, soybean oil and sesame oil.
  • Miniaturization ' is a device that pressurizes the primary mixture of water and combustible oil and refines and mixes it by the cavitation effect caused by turbulent flow generated in one or more orifices.
  • the mixing means pressurizes the primary mixture of water and combustible oil and flows it through the pump at a flow rate of 50 mZs or more, and this wall has many holes with a diameter of 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • the device according to any one of (1) to (7) above, wherein the device is a device that accelerates through a hole in a body and refines and mixes by a cavity effect caused by turbulent flow between liquids Manufacturing method of emulsion fuel.
  • Refinement ⁇ Mixing means refines and mixes the water-flammable oil primary mixture obtained by the primary mixing means into a fine particle state, and the average particle size of water or combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm.
  • the mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture and passes it through one or more small holes, and refines and mixes it by the cavitation effect caused by the turbulent flow generated at the orifice.
  • the emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus according to any one of the preceding items (9) to (: 11), characterized by comprising an apparatus.
  • the refinement 'mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture and flows it through the pump at a flow rate of 50 m / s or more, and there are many holes with a diameter of 200 ⁇ m or less.
  • Any one of (9) to (11) above, characterized in that it consists of a device that accelerates through the hole in the wall to be crushed and causes cavitation by the turbulent flow by the orifices of the same liquid flow to refine and mix The apparatus for producing the emulsion fuel according to claim 1.
  • Combustible oil 100 parts by volume of water 10. 0-150.0 parts by volume (more preferably 25.0 parts by volume of water for 100 parts by volume of combustible oil)
  • a method for operating an internal combustion engine characterized in that an emulsion fuel having an average particle size of lOOOOri m or less is used, and the obtained emulsion fuel is sprayed into a reciprocating engine to operate the internal combustion engine.
  • a method for operating an internal combustion engine characterized by comprising an emulsion fuel having an average particle size of 200 to 7 OOnm and spraying the obtained emulsion fuel into a reciprocating engine to operate the internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of a power engine fuel test using an emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing engine oil test results for power using the emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the engine fuel test results for power using the emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing engine oil test results for power using the emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, an emulsion fuel is produced by mixing oil and water in an ultra-fine state, which can contribute to improvement of fuel consumption and cleaner exhaust gas.
  • a turbulent flow generated by one or more orifices by pressurizing a primary mixture of water and combustible oil is used.
  • a device that refines and mixes by the cavity effect of the above can be mentioned.
  • a primary mixture of water and combustible oil is pressurized and flowed through the pump at a flow rate of 5 Om / s or more, and there are many holes with a diameter of 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • a preferable method for producing the emulsion fuel 100 parts by volume of the flammable oil, 10.0 to 15.0 parts by volume of water, more preferably 25.0 to 12.0 parts by volume of water) is preferable.
  • Force S et al. Water-flammable oil primary mixing means for primary mixing of water and combustible oil, and water-flammable oil-based primary mixture obtained by the primary mixing means are refined and mixed to form fine particles, It is to use a refining / mixing means to make an emulsion fuel with an average particle size of water or combustible oil of lOOOnm or less.
  • flammable oil Preferably, add 100 parts by volume of flammable oil, and add 25 to 120 parts by volume of water while adding “Nano-Mizer 1” (trade name, Yoshida Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd.
  • the mixture of water and combustible oil is refined and mixed to produce an emulsion fuel consisting of a mixture containing ultrafine particles of water and combustible oil.
  • the For example, in the Nanomizer pressurize the primary mixture with a plunger and let it flow through the pump at a flow rate of 1 O OmZ s or higher.
  • the accelerated primary liquid mixture passes through the grooves (pores) of the disk, and the liquid streams collide with each other to refine and mix.
  • water and flammable oil mixture is passed through orifice holes of 200 ⁇ or less in the nanomizer at high pressure to generate turbulent flow when passing through a narrow orifice. A powerful stirring action of level level occurs.
  • water or oil
  • nano-levels for example, the average particle size of water is 200 to 700 nm
  • the average particle size of water is 200 to 700 nm
  • the method for reducing water is not particularly limited, but an industrial method by electrolysis is preferred. In addition, there are methods using chemicals and ores such as tourmaline.
  • electrolysis hydrogen is generated at the cathode and oxygen is generated at the anode.
  • oxygen is not required, so oxygen is not required, so it is removed by a diaphragm or reacted with the anode plate and fixed.
  • the electrode plate at that time is made of zinc, magnesium, or an alloy thereof.
  • the reduction potential of water is preferably 1 l OOmv or less, preferably 1 300mv or less.
  • Example 1 One by one Example 1 An example of the present invention and a comparative example will be described.
  • the reduced water 1. 96 liters of ⁇ -heavy oil 5. 88 liters After the primary stirring of the Li-Isumi IJl60cc by manual stirring, it was refined and mixed through a nanomizer at a pressure of 3MP to produce an emulsion fuel according to the present invention.
  • Each obtained emulsion was a W / O type emulsion, and the average particle size of water in the emulsion was 300 to 500 mn.
  • the obtained emulsion fuel according to the present invention was sample 2, and sample 3 was an emulsion fuel according to the present invention obtained by passing a mixed solution produced in the same manner as sample 2 at 8 MP through a nanomizer.
  • Sample 1 is treated with A-heavy oil in the comparative example
  • Sample 4 is treated with the light oil in the comparative example
  • Samples 5 and 6 are treated in the same manner as in Samples 2 and 3, but the present invention uses light oil instead of A-heavy oil.
  • Example 5 was finely mixed through a nanomizer at a pressure of 3MP and sample 6 at a pressure of 8MP).
  • Sample 2 A—heavy oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 3MP treatment (emulsion fuel)
  • Sample 3 A—heavy oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 8MP treatment (emulsion fuel)
  • Sample 5 Light oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 3MP treatment (emulsion fuel)
  • Sample 6 Light oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 8MP treatment (emulsion fuel)
  • Tables 1 to 3 and Figs. 1 to 4 show the results of combustion tests using the above samples in the engine.
  • Table 1 shows the test results when the engine speed is lOOOrpm
  • Table 2 shows the test results when the engine speed is 1400 to 2200rpm
  • Table 3 shows that the engine speed is 2700rpm. It is a test result in the case.
  • Fig. 1 shows the results of an engine test using Sample 1 (Comparative fuel) and Sample 2 (Emulsion fuel of the present invention).
  • Fig. 2 shows Sample 1 (Comparative fuel) and Sample 3 (Invention of the present invention).
  • Fig. 3 shows the results of an engine test using sample 4 (comparative fuel) and sample 5 (the emulsion fuel of the present invention).
  • Fig. 4 shows sample 4 (sample fuel).
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing engine test results using Comparative Example Fuel) and Sample 6 (Emulsion Fuel of the present invention).
  • Example 2 In this example, a diesel generator manufactured by Denyo Co., Ltd. 1 3E S type was used to continuously measure the nitrogen oxide concentration and oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and the amount of power generation per unit heavy oil. And the power generation efficiency of the emulsion fuel of the present invention was measured.
  • emulsion fuel of the present invention a fuel having a composition of 75% by weight of special heavy oil A, 24.7% by weight of water and 0.3% by weight of emulsifier was used.
  • This Emulsion fuel is made up of 8.33 liters of A-heavy oil and 2.50 liters of water and 0.04 liters of emulsifier (100 parts by volume of heavy oil: 29.7 parts by volume of water: 0.5 parts by volume of emulsifier). The mixture was stirred temporarily by manual stirring, and then refined and mixed through a nanomizer at a pressure of 3MP. The average particle size of water in the emulsion fuel was about 300-5 OOiim.
  • the diesel generator was continuously operated using the emulsion fuel of the present invention and A heavy oil alone (comparative example) as fuels, and the NOx concentration and power generation amount in the exhaust gas were measured.
  • the NOx concentration and ⁇ 2 concentration in the exhaust gas were measured continuously at the generator outlet flue.
  • the measurement results of exhaust gas using the emulsion fuel of the present invention are shown in Table 4, and the measurement results of exhaust gas using special A heavy oil alone as fuel are shown in Table 5.
  • the average value of NOx concentration in the exhaust gas is 193 ppm, whereas heavy oil alone is used.
  • the average value of NOx concentration is 369 P pm, and it has been found that the concentration of NOx in exhaust gas can be greatly reduced by the fuel of the present invention.
  • Emulsion Combustion results of Emulsion (special A heavy oil 75 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 24.7%, emulsifier 0.3%)
  • Table 6 shows the results of power generation in this example.
  • the amount of power generated by diesel generator per unit heavy oil is 3.33KWH / Kg when using the emulsion fuel of the present invention, and 2.73KWH / Kg when using the heavy oil alone as the fuel. It has been demonstrated that the power generation efficiency of the emulsion fuel of the present invention has been improved.
  • the generator is DENYO TLG-1 3ESY type
  • the consumption (use amount) of the flammable oil can be reduced by about 25%.
  • misfire seems to occur at 2,600 rpm or higher. Therefore, for example, when using the emulsion fuel of the present invention for a ship, it is better to use light oil at the port and switch to the emulsion fuel outside the port. It is done.
  • a cavity effect caused by turbulent flow when a liquid mixture of water and combustible oil is pressurized and passed through one or more small holes and passes through an orifice In order to produce an emulsion fuel, the emulsion fuel containing about 25% water that has been refined and mixed does not cause engine trouble even if it is burned in the engine. It showed the same output and torque, and the fuel consumption was the same despite containing 25% water (simply calculating 25% energy saving).
  • the emulsion fuel water-one emulsion emulsion fuel
  • water-one emulsion emulsion fuel is made by adding 0.5 to 5% of an emulsifier to water and oil and stirring and mixing to form an emulsion, usually several ⁇ ⁇ to several Although it contains an average particle size of 10 ⁇ , it is a so-called emulsified liquid with an average particle size of about several ⁇ (about 1 to 3 ⁇ ) even when manufactured using a particularly excellent emulsifier.
  • Water fuel emulsion fuel
  • the emulsion fuel in this emulsified liquid tends to separate over time, and even if it does not separate, it has the property of increasing in viscosity (dilatancy) over time, contrary to wrinkle denaturation (titatropy), and clogging pipes and nozzles. There was an accident.
  • the emulsion fuel obtained by the present invention is a mixture of oil and water in an ultrafine state (nano level), and the average particle size of the constituent particles of water or combustible oil is 1,000 nm, preferably 200 to 700 nrn. Because it is an emulsion fuel, it has excellent stability, high combustion efficiency, and can be used for engines, combustion furnaces, incinerators, boilers, and power generation.
  • the present invention is used for engine fuel of a car or a ship, it will save 15 to 25%, and ⁇ , dioxin will be 1/2 to 1 ⁇ 5, ⁇ will be about 1/2 to 1/3 and low pollution. Since it is obtained and has good stability, it is possible to produce this liquid mixture at a gas station and replenish it to the fuel tank of the car as in the present situation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is an emulsion-type water-mixed fuel which causes no separation between an oil phase and an aqueous phase and therefore has excellent stability, has a high combustion efficiency, and an extremely high energy-saving effect. Specifically disclosed is an emulsion fuel in which an aqueous phase or an oil phase has an average particle diameter of 1000 nm or less (more preferably 200 to 700 nm), which can be produced by finely dividing and mixing 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil with 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume (more preferably 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume) of a water by a finely-dividing/mixing means while adding the water tothe combustible oil. The water preferably has a reduction potential of -100 mv or lower, preferably -300 mv or lower.

Description

ェマルジョン燃料の製造方法及び同燃料の製造装置  Emulsion fuel manufacturing method and fuel manufacturing apparatus
明 技術分野 Akira Technical Field
書  book
本願発明は、水—油系のェマルジヨン燃科に関し、特に水と可燃性油のェマルジョ ンの構成粒子を超微粒子状態となし、得られたェマルジヨン燃科を各種動力用ェンジ ン又は燃焼炉に燃料として用いた場合に、省エネ、公害防止に資することができるとい う発明に関するものである。  The present invention relates to a water-oil type emulsion fuel family, and in particular, the constituent particles of water and flammable oil emulsion are made into an ultrafine particle state, and the obtained emulsion fuel is used as fuel for various power engines or combustion furnaces. This invention relates to an invention that can contribute to energy saving and pollution prevention.
背景技術 Background art
昨今、原油の高騰と京都議定書の実効に伴う石油使用量の削減は、国際的にも大 きな課題である。それに伴い日本でもェマルジヨン型加水燃料が研究され、それらの 組成や製造方法について多くの特許出願がなされており、一部実用化されている。  In recent years, soaring crude oil prices and reducing the amount of oil used due to the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol are major international issues. Along with this, research on emulsion-type hydrofuels has been conducted in Japan, and many patent applications have been filed for their compositions and production methods, and some have been put into practical use.
(特許文献）特開 2006— 329438号  (Patent Literature) JP 2006-329438
(特許文献）特開 2006— 1 886 16号  (Patent Literature) JP 2006-1886 16
(特許文献）特開 2005— 344088号  (Patent Literature) JP 2005-344088
(特許文献）特開 2004— 1 23947号  (Patent Literature) JP 2004-1 23947
(特許文献）特開 2003— 1 1 3385号 前記のとおり、各種エマルジョン型加水燃料が提案されているが、未だ燃焼の安定 性に欠ける面があり、実用的に採用される状況にはなっていない。そして、それらエマ ルジョンの構成粒子径は数 β m〜数 10 mである。 本発明者らは、ェマルジヨン型加水燃料の欠点とされる安定性を追求し、可燃性油 と水のェマルジヨンを安定燃焼させるためには、超微粒子状態（ナノレベル）の混合が 必要であるとの考えの下に鋭意研究を進めた。 (Patent Document) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-1 1 3385 As mentioned above, various emulsion-type hydrofuels have been proposed, but they still lack the stability of combustion and are in practical use. Absent. The particle diameters of these emulsions are several β m to several tens m. The present inventors have pursued the stability that is regarded as a disadvantage of the emulsion-type water-added fuel, and in order to stably burn the emulsion of flammable oil and water, it is necessary to mix in an ultrafine particle state (nano level). Based on this idea, we have conducted earnest research.
発明の開示 本発明者らは、鋭意研究の結果、ェマルジヨン燃料の各粒子の平均粒径を 1000η m以下にすることにより、従来のェマルジヨン燃料では達成できなかった高効率な燃焼 を実現できることを知見した。 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION As a result of earnest research, the present inventors have found that by making the average particle size of each particle of the emulsion fuel less than 1000 ηm, high-efficiency combustion that cannot be achieved with conventional emulsion fuel can be realized. did.
また、可燃性油と水のェマルジヨンを分離しないように安定化させるには、超微粒子 状態（ナノレベル）の混合物となすのが好ましいことが解った。  It was also found that it is preferable to use a mixture in the ultrafine particle state (nano level) to stabilize the combustible oil and water emulsion so as not to separate.
さらに、その製造の際に使用する水を還元すると表面張力が減少し、可燃性油と混 ざり易くなること力 S解り、極限状態では乳化剤無しでも混合されることが解った。  Furthermore, it was found that reducing the water used in the production reduces the surface tension and makes it easier to mix with flammable oil.
本願発明は以上の知見に基づいてなされたものであり、下記構成のェマルジヨン燃 料の製造方法及び製造装置である。 The present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and is a method and an apparatus for manufacturing an emulsion fuel having the following configuration.
( 1 ) 可燃性油 100容量部に対して水 10 . 0〜1 50. 0容量部（より好ましくは可燃性 油 100容量部に対して水 25 . 0 - 1 20. 0容量部）を加えながら、微細化 ·混合手段で 水と可燃性油を微細化 ·混合し、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 1 000 nm以下のエマ ルジョン燃料とすることを特徴とするェマルジヨン燃科の製造方法。 (1) Add 10.00 to 15.0 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of flammable oil (more preferably, 25.0 to 12.0 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of flammable oil) However, refinement and mixing of water and combustible oil by means of mixing and production of an emulsion fuel with an average particle size of water or combustible oil of 1 000 nm or less. Method.
( 2) 微細化 ·混合手段で水と可燃性油を微細化'混合し、水又は可燃性油の平均粒 径が 200〜700nmの^:マルジヨン燃科とすることを特徴とする前項（1 )記載のェマル ジョン燃料の製造方法。 (2) Refinement · The refinement and mixing of water and combustible oil by mixing means to make ^: Marzillon fuel with an average particle size of water or combustible oil of 200 to 700 nm (1 The production method of emulsion fuel described in the above.
( 3 ) 水の還元電位を一 l O Omv以下となし、それに可燃性油を添加して微細化'混 合手段で水と可燃性油を微細化'混合し、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 200〜 700 nmのェマルジヨン燃料とすることを特徴とする前項（1)記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製 造方法。 (3) Reduce the water reduction potential to 1 l O Omv or less, add flammable oil to it, and refine the mixture. The production of the emulsion fuel as described in (1) above, characterized in that water and the combustible oil are refined and mixed together to form an emulsion fuel with an average particle size of water or combustible oil of 200 to 700 nm. Method.
(4) 水が飲科用上水、雨水、生活排水、有機廃水、工業廃水又は畜産廃水から選 ばれるいずれか 1つ又は 2以上であることを特徴とする前項（1)〜（3)のいずれか 1項 に記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造方法。 (4) In the preceding paragraphs (1) to (3), wherein the water is one or more selected from drinking water, rainwater, domestic wastewater, organic wastewater, industrial wastewater or livestock wastewater. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
(5) 可燃性油が重油、軽油、灯油、揮発油等の石油類、工業廃油、天麩羅油、大豆 油、ごま油等の食用油から選ばれるいずれ力 1種又は 2種以上であることを特徴とする 前項（1)〜（4)のいずれか 1項に記載のエマルジョン燃料の製造方法。 (5) The combustible oil is one or more kinds selected from oils such as heavy oil, light oil, kerosene and volatile oil, industrial waste oil, tempura oil, soybean oil and sesame oil. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to any one of (1) to (4) above.
(6) 可燃性油又は水あるいは可燃性油及び水が、 PCB類又はダイォキシン類ある いは PCB類及びダイォキシン類を含むものであることを特徴とする前項（1)〜（5)の いずれか 1項に記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造方法。 (6) Any one of the preceding paragraphs (1) to (5), characterized in that the flammable oil or water or the flammable oil and water contains PCBs or dioxins or PCBs and dioxins. A method for producing an emulsion fuel as described in 1. above.
(7) 微細化'混合手段が、水と可燃性油の一次混合液を加圧して、 1個又は 2個以 上のオリフィスで生じる乱流によるキヤビテーシヨン効果で微細化 ·混合させる装置であ ることを特徴とする前項（1)〜（6)のいずれか 1項に記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造方 法。 (7) Miniaturization 'is a device that pressurizes the primary mixture of water and combustible oil and refines and mixes it by the cavitation effect caused by turbulent flow generated in one or more orifices. The method for producing an emulsion fuel as described in any one of the above items (1) to (6).
(8) 微細化 ·混合手段が、水と可燃性油の一次混合液を、加圧して、流速 50mZs 以上の流速でポンプ中を流し、それを直径 500 μ m以下の孔が多数存在する壁体の 孔の中を加速させて通し、液流同士の乱流によるキヤビテーシヨン効果により微細化 · 混合する装置であることを特徴とする前項（1)〜（7)のいずれか 1項に記載のェマル ジョン燃料の製造方法。 (8) Miniaturization · The mixing means pressurizes the primary mixture of water and combustible oil and flows it through the pump at a flow rate of 50 mZs or more, and this wall has many holes with a diameter of 500 μm or less. The device according to any one of (1) to (7) above, wherein the device is a device that accelerates through a hole in a body and refines and mixes by a cavity effect caused by turbulent flow between liquids Manufacturing method of emulsion fuel.
(9) 可燃性油 100容量部に対して水 10. 0-150. 0容量部（より好ましくは可燃性 油 100容量部に対して水 25. 0-120. 0容量部）を加えながら、水と可燃性油を一次 混合する水—可燃性油一次混合手段と、前記一次混合手段で得られた水一可燃性油 系一次混合物を微細化'混合して微粒子状態にし、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 10 OOnm以下のェマルジヨン燃料とする微細化'混合手段とからなることを特徴とするェ マルジヨン燃料の製造装置。 (9) Adding 100 to 15.0 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of flammable oil (more preferably, 25.0 to 12.0 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of flammable oil) Primary water and flammable oil The water-flammable oil primary mixing means to be mixed and the water-flammable oil-based primary mixture obtained by the primary mixing means are refined and mixed to form fine particles, and the average particle size of water or combustible oil is 10 An apparatus for producing an emulsion fuel, characterized by comprising a refined 'mixing means for producing an emulsion fuel of OOnm or less.
(10) 微細化 ·混合手段が、一次混合手段で得られた水一可燃性油系一次混合物 を微細化'混合して微粒子状態にし、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 200〜700nmの ェマルジヨン燃料とするものであることを特徴とする前項（9)記載のェマルジヨン燃料 の製造装置。 (10) Refinement ・ Mixing means refines and mixes the water-flammable oil primary mixture obtained by the primary mixing means into a fine particle state, and the average particle size of water or combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm. The apparatus for producing an emulsion fuel according to item (9), characterized in that the emulsion fuel is used.
(11) 採用される水の還元電位が一 lOOmv以下であることを特徴とする前項（9)又 は 10)記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造方法。 (11) The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to item (9) or 10) above, wherein the reduction potential of the water employed is 1 lOOmv or less.
(12) 微細化'混合手段が、水一可燃性油系一次混合液を、加圧して 1個又は 2個 以上の小孔を通し、オリフィスで生じる乱流によるキヤビテーシヨン効果により微細化' 混合させる装置からなることを特徴とする前項（9)〜（： 11)のいずれか 1項に記載のェ マルジヨン燃料の製造装置。 (12) Miniaturization 'The mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture and passes it through one or more small holes, and refines and mixes it by the cavitation effect caused by the turbulent flow generated at the orifice. The emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus according to any one of the preceding items (9) to (: 11), characterized by comprising an apparatus.
(13) 微細化'混合手段が、水一可燃性油系一次混合液を、加圧して、流速 50m/ s以上の流速でポンプ中を流し、それを直径 200 β m以下の孔が多数存在する壁体の 孔の中を加速させて通し、同液流同士のオリフィスによる乱流によりキヤビテーシヨンを 起こして微細化'混合する装置からなることを特徴とする前項（9)〜（11)のいずれか 1 項に記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造装置。 (13) The refinement 'mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture and flows it through the pump at a flow rate of 50 m / s or more, and there are many holes with a diameter of 200 β m or less. Any one of (9) to (11) above, characterized in that it consists of a device that accelerates through the hole in the wall to be crushed and causes cavitation by the turbulent flow by the orifices of the same liquid flow to refine and mix The apparatus for producing the emulsion fuel according to claim 1.
(14) 可燃性油 100容量部に水 10. 0-150. 0容量部（より好ましくは可燃性油 10 0容量部に対して水 25. 0-120. 0容量部）が微細化 ·混合手段により混合されてな るェマルジョン燃料であって、かつ前記ェマルジヨン燃料中の水又は可燃性油の平均 粒径が lOOOnm以下であることを特徴とするェマルジヨン燃料。 (15) ェマルジヨン燃料中の水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 200〜700nmであるこ とを特徴とする前項（14)に記載のェマルジヨン燃料。 (14) Combustible oil 100 parts by volume of water 10. 0-150.0 parts by volume (more preferably 25.0 parts by volume of water for 100 parts by volume of combustible oil) An emulsion fuel mixed by means, wherein the average particle size of water or combustible oil in the emulsion fuel is lOOOnm or less. (15) The emulsion fuel as described in (14) above, wherein the average particle size of water or combustible oil in the emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm.
さらには、以下の別の態様発明も提案される。  Furthermore, the following another aspect invention is also proposed.
(16) 可燃性油 100容量部に対して水 25. 0-40. 0容量部を加えながら、微細化 •混合手段で水と可燃性油を微細化 ·混合し、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が lOOOri m以下のェマルジヨン燃料となし、得られたェマルジヨン燃料をレシプロエンジン内に 噴霧して内燃機関を稼働することを特徴とする内燃機関の稼働方法。 (16) Flammable oil Refinement while adding 25.0-40 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of combustible oil. • Refine the water and combustible oil by mixing means, and mix water or combustible oil. A method for operating an internal combustion engine, characterized in that an emulsion fuel having an average particle size of lOOOOri m or less is used, and the obtained emulsion fuel is sprayed into a reciprocating engine to operate the internal combustion engine.
(17) 可燃性油 100容量部に対して水 25. 0-40. 0容量部を加えながら、微細化 •混合手段で水と可燃性油を微細化 ·混合し、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 200〜 7 OOnmのェマルジヨン燃料となし、得られたェマルジヨン燃科をレシプロエンジン内に 噴霧して内燃機関を稼働することを特徴とする内燃機関の稼働方法。 (17) Combustion oil Refinement while adding 25.0-40 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of combustible oil. • Refine and mix water and combustible oil by mixing means, and add water or combustible oil. A method for operating an internal combustion engine, characterized by comprising an emulsion fuel having an average particle size of 200 to 7 OOnm and spraying the obtained emulsion fuel into a reciprocating engine to operate the internal combustion engine.
(18) 可燃性油 100容量部に水 25. 0-40. 0容量部が微細化 ·混合手段により混 合されてなるレシプロエンジン稼働用ェマルジヨン燃料であって、かつ前記ェマルジョ ン燃料中の水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 200〜700nmであることを特徴とするレシ プロエンジン稼働用ェマルジヨン燃料。 図面の簡単な説明 第 1図は、本願発明に係るェマルジヨン燃料及び他の燃料を用いた動力用ェンジ ン燃料試験結果を示すグラフ図である。 (18) Combustible oil 100 parts by volume of water 25. 0-40. 0 part of volume is refined and mixed by mixing means. Emulsion fuel for reciprocating engine operation, and water in the emulsion fuel. Or an emulsion fuel for reciprocating engine operation, wherein the combustible oil has an average particle size of 200 to 700 nm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of a power engine fuel test using an emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention.
第 2図は、本願発明に係るェマルジヨン燃科及び他の燃料を用いた動力用ェンジ ン燃料試験結果を示すグラフ図である。  FIG. 2 is a graph showing engine oil test results for power using the emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention.
第 3図は、本願発明に係るェマルジヨン燃料及ぴ他の燃料を用いた動力用ェンジ ン燃料試験結果を示すグラフ図である。  FIG. 3 is a graph showing the engine fuel test results for power using the emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention.
第 4図は、本願発明に係るェマルジヨン燃料及ぴ他の燃枓を用いた動力用ェンジ ン燃料試験結果を示すグラフ図である。 発明を実施するための最良の形態 本発明では、油と水を超微細化状態で混合してェマルジヨン燃料を製造し、燃費の 向上、排ガスのクリーン化に資することができる。 FIG. 4 is a graph showing engine oil test results for power using the emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, an emulsion fuel is produced by mixing oil and water in an ultra-fine state, which can contribute to improvement of fuel consumption and cleaner exhaust gas.
本発明のェマルジヨン燃料を製造するために用いられる、微細化'混合手段として は、例えば水と可燃性油の一次混合液を加圧して、 1個又は 2個以上のオリフィスで生 じる乱流によるキヤビテーシヨン効果で微細化 ·混合させる装置を挙げることができる。 また、微細化'混合手段としては、水と可燃性油の一次混合液を、加圧して、流速 5 Om/ s以上の流速でポンプ中を流し、それを直径 500 μ m以下の孔が多数存在する 壁体の孔の中を加速させて通し、液流同士の乱流によるキヤビテーシヨン効果により微 細化，混合する装置を挙げることができる。 さらに、好ましいェマルジヨン燃料の製造方法としては、可燃性油 100容量部に対し て水 10. 0 - 1 50. 0容量咅 IUより好ましくは水 25 . 0 - 1 20. 0容量部）をカロえな力 Sら、 水と可燃性油を一次混合する水一可燃性油一次混合手段と、前記一次混合手段で得 られた水一可燃性油系一次混合物を微細化 ·混合して微粒子状態にし、水又は可燃 性油の平均粒径が l O O Onm以下のェマルジヨン燃料とする微細化 ·混合手段を用い ることである。 好ましくは可燃性油 100容量部に対して、水 25〜1 20容量部を加えつつ、 「ナノマ ィザ一」（：商品名、吉田機械興業株式会社製の液体試料中に分散された一次混合液 を微細化 ·混合する装置）に導入して、水 ·可燃性油の一次混合液を微細化 ·混合し て、水'可燃性油の超微細径粒子を含む混合物からなるェマルジヨン燃料を製造す る。 例えば、ナノマイザ一内の、プランジャーで一次混合液を加圧して、流速 l O OmZ s 以上の流速でポンプ中を流し、次いで 100 m程度の溝（細孔）が直交して存在する 2枚の円盤の溝（細孔）の中を加速された一次混合液が通過し、液流同士を衝突させ て微細化'混合する。 以上にしたがい、水 ·可燃性油混合液をナノマイザ一の 200 μ πι以下のオリフィス孔 を高圧で何段も通すことにより、狭いオリフィスを通過するときに乱流を生じ、その乱流 効果によりナノレベル級の強力な撹拌作用が生じる。 As the refinement 'mixing means used for producing the emulsion fuel of the present invention, for example, a turbulent flow generated by one or more orifices by pressurizing a primary mixture of water and combustible oil is used. A device that refines and mixes by the cavity effect of the above can be mentioned. In addition, as a means of miniaturization and mixing, a primary mixture of water and combustible oil is pressurized and flowed through the pump at a flow rate of 5 Om / s or more, and there are many holes with a diameter of 500 μm or less. A device that accelerates through the existing holes in the wall and refines and mixes them by the cavity effect caused by the turbulent flow between the liquid flows. Further, as a preferable method for producing the emulsion fuel, 100 parts by volume of the flammable oil, 10.0 to 15.0 parts by volume of water, more preferably 25.0 to 12.0 parts by volume of water) is preferable. Force S et al., Water-flammable oil primary mixing means for primary mixing of water and combustible oil, and water-flammable oil-based primary mixture obtained by the primary mixing means are refined and mixed to form fine particles, It is to use a refining / mixing means to make an emulsion fuel with an average particle size of water or combustible oil of lOOOnm or less. Preferably, add 100 parts by volume of flammable oil, and add 25 to 120 parts by volume of water while adding “Nano-Mizer 1” (trade name, Yoshida Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd. The mixture of water and combustible oil is refined and mixed to produce an emulsion fuel consisting of a mixture containing ultrafine particles of water and combustible oil. The For example, in the Nanomizer, pressurize the primary mixture with a plunger and let it flow through the pump at a flow rate of 1 O OmZ s or higher. The accelerated primary liquid mixture passes through the grooves (pores) of the disk, and the liquid streams collide with each other to refine and mix. In accordance with the above, water and flammable oil mixture is passed through orifice holes of 200 μπι or less in the nanomizer at high pressure to generate turbulent flow when passing through a narrow orifice. A powerful stirring action of level level occurs.
その結果、水（又は油）がナノレベル（例えば水の平均粒径が 200〜700nm)に細 分化され、それが油の中に拡散して（W/O型ェマルジヨンとなり）安定化する。 また、本発明では、まず使用する水の還元電位を下げることが好ましい。水の還元 方法は特に限定されないが、工業的には電解による方法が好ましい。他に薬品による 方法、電気石など鉱石による方法もある。 電解による方法の電解時には、陰極に水素、陽極に酸素が発生するが、還元の際 は、酸素は不要なので隔膜で外に出すか、陽極板と反応させて固定する。そのときの 極板は亜鉛やマグネシウム又はその合金が使われる。  As a result, water (or oil) is subdivided into nano-levels (for example, the average particle size of water is 200 to 700 nm), which diffuses into the oil (becomes W / O type emulsion) and stabilizes. In the present invention, it is preferable to first reduce the reduction potential of the water used. The method for reducing water is not particularly limited, but an industrial method by electrolysis is preferred. In addition, there are methods using chemicals and ores such as tourmaline. During electrolysis, hydrogen is generated at the cathode and oxygen is generated at the anode. However, during the reduction, oxygen is not required, so oxygen is not required, so it is removed by a diaphragm or reacted with the anode plate and fixed. The electrode plate at that time is made of zinc, magnesium, or an alloy thereof.
水の還元電位は一 l OOmv以下、出来れば一 300mv以下が好ましい。  The reduction potential of water is preferably 1 l OOmv or less, preferably 1 300mv or less.
水と油が混ざりにくいのは水の表面張力が大きいためで、還元電位を下げると表面 張力が下がり油と混ざりやすくなる。  Water and oil are difficult to mix because the surface tension of water is large. Lowering the reduction potential reduces the surface tension and facilitates mixing with oil.
また温度を上げるとクラスターも小さくなり粘度も下がるので油と混ざりやすくなる。 この様に水の還元電位を一 l O Omv以下、好ましくは一 300 mv〜一 700mvに下 げ、温度を 50°C以上、好ましくは 70〜90°Cに上げた水に、可燃性油を加え、この油と 水をナノレベルの超微粒子状態に微細化'混合する場合には、水の還元電位、温度、 ナノマイザ一の圧力などのファクターの調整が関係するあるが、これらは相対的なもの で例えば還元電位が低くなれば、ナノマイザ一の圧力は比較的低くて済むなどの関係 がある。  When the temperature is raised, the clusters become smaller and the viscosity is lowered, so that it is easy to mix with oil. In this way, flammable oil is added to water whose reduction potential is reduced to 1 lO Omv or less, preferably 1 300 mV to 1 700 mV, and the temperature is increased to 50 ° C or higher, preferably 70 to 90 ° C. In addition, when this oil and water are refined and mixed into a nano-level ultrafine particle state, adjustment of factors such as the reduction potential of water, temperature, and pressure of the nanomizer are related, but these are relative. For example, if the reduction potential is lowered, the pressure of the nanomizer is relatively low.
一つ一 実施例 1 本願発明の実施例と比較例について説明する。 One by one Example 1 An example of the present invention and a comparative example will be described.
まず、水（水道水） 8リットルを 70°Cに加熱し、これを株式会社環境還元研究所製風 呂水用還元装置を使い、酸化還元電位を一 114mvに還元した。  First, 8 liters of water (tap water) was heated to 70 ° C, and this was reduced to 114 mV by using a reducing device for Furumizu manufactured by the Environmental Reduction Research Institute.
その還元水 1. 96リットノレに Λ—重油 5. 88リットノレ及び？ Lィ匕斉 IJl60ccをカロ免、手動 撹拌により一次撹拌した後、圧力 3MPでナノマイザ一装置を通し微細化'混合して本 発明によるェマルジヨン燃料を製造した。得られた各ェマルジヨン燃料は W/O型エマ ルジョンであり、ェマルジヨン中の水の平均粒径は 300〜500mnであった。  The reduced water 1. 96 liters of Λ-heavy oil 5. 88 liters After the primary stirring of the Li-Isumi IJl60cc by manual stirring, it was refined and mixed through a nanomizer at a pressure of 3MP to produce an emulsion fuel according to the present invention. Each obtained emulsion was a W / O type emulsion, and the average particle size of water in the emulsion was 300 to 500 mn.
得られた本発明によるェマルジヨン燃料は試料 2とし、試料 3は試料 2と同様に製作 した混合液を 8MPでナノマイザ一を通した本発明によるェマルジヨン燃料とした。 また、試料 1は比較例の A—重油、試料 4は比較例の軽油、試料 5及ぴ 6は試料 2及 ぴ 3と同様処理であるが、 A—重油の代わりに軽油を使った本発明によるェマルジヨン 燃料である。  The obtained emulsion fuel according to the present invention was sample 2, and sample 3 was an emulsion fuel according to the present invention obtained by passing a mixed solution produced in the same manner as sample 2 at 8 MP through a nanomizer. Sample 1 is treated with A-heavy oil in the comparative example, Sample 4 is treated with the light oil in the comparative example, and Samples 5 and 6 are treated in the same manner as in Samples 2 and 3, but the present invention uses light oil instead of A-heavy oil. Emulsion fuel by.
(試料 5は圧力 3MP、試料 6は圧力 8MPでそれぞれナノマイザ一を通し微細化混合し た）。  (Sample 5 was finely mixed through a nanomizer at a pressure of 3MP and sample 6 at a pressure of 8MP).
各試験試料の詳細を次ぎに列記する。 Details of each test sample are listed below.
〔エンジン特性試験に使用したェマルジヨン燃料及ぴ比較用の A—重油、軽油〕 試料 1: A—重油 100% (比較用） [Emulsion fuel used for engine characteristic test and A-heavy oil, light oil for comparison] Sample 1: A-heavy oil 100% (for comparison)
試料 2:A—重油 73. 5%、還元水 24. 5%、活性剤 2% ナノマイザ一 3MP処理（ェ マルジヨン燃料） Sample 2: A—heavy oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 3MP treatment (emulsion fuel)
試料 3: A—重油 73. 5%、還元水 24. 5%、活性剤 2% ナノマイザ一 8MP処理（ェ マルジヨン燃料） Sample 3: A—heavy oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 8MP treatment (emulsion fuel)
試料 4：軽油 100 % (比較用） Sample 4: Light oil 100% (for comparison)
試料 5:軽油 73. 5%、還元水 24. 5%、活性剤 2% ナノマイザ一 3MP処理（ェマル ジョン燃料） 試料 6:軽油 73. 5%、還元水 24. 5%、活性剤 2% ナノマイザ一 8MP処理（ェマル ジョン燃料） Sample 5: Light oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 3MP treatment (emulsion fuel) Sample 6: Light oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 8MP treatment (emulsion fuel)
上記各試料を用いてエンジンで燃焼試験した結果を表 1〜表 3及び第 1図〜第 4図 に示す。 Tables 1 to 3 and Figs. 1 to 4 show the results of combustion tests using the above samples in the engine.
【表 1】 【table 1】
<エンジン回転数 1 , OOOrpm>  <Engine speed 1, OOOrpm>
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
【表 2】 [Table 2]
<エンジン回転数 1 , 400〜2, 200rpm>  <Engine speed 1,400-2,200rpm>
※"！， 400、 1 , 800、 2, 200rpmの平均値をとつて比較  * "!, 400, 1, 800, 2,200rpm average values are compared.
Figure imgf000012_0002
Figure imgf000012_0002
【表 3】 [Table 3]
<エンジン回転数 2, 700rpm>  <Engine speed 2,700rpm>
Figure imgf000012_0003
表 1は、エンジン回転数が l O O Orpmの場合の試験結果であり、表 2は、エンジン回 転数が 1400〜2200rpmの場合の試験結果であり、表 3は、エンジン回転数が 2700 rpmの場合の試験結果である。
Figure imgf000012_0003
Table 1 shows the test results when the engine speed is lOOOrpm, Table 2 shows the test results when the engine speed is 1400 to 2200rpm, and Table 3 shows that the engine speed is 2700rpm. It is a test result in the case.
また、第 1図は、試料 1 (比較例燃料）と試料 2 (本願発明のェマルジヨン燃料）を使 用したエンジン試験結果、第 2図は、試料 1 (比較例燃料）と試料 3 (本願発明のェマル ジョン燃料）を使用したエンジン試験結果、第 3図は、試料 4 (比較例燃料）と試料 5 (本 願発明のェマルジヨン燃料）を使用したエンジン試験結果、第 4図は、試料 4 (比較例 燃料）と試料 6 (本願発明のェマルジヨン燃料）を使用したエンジン試験結果を示すグ ラフ図である。  Fig. 1 shows the results of an engine test using Sample 1 (Comparative fuel) and Sample 2 (Emulsion fuel of the present invention). Fig. 2 shows Sample 1 (Comparative fuel) and Sample 3 (Invention of the present invention). Fig. 3 shows the results of an engine test using sample 4 (comparative fuel) and sample 5 (the emulsion fuel of the present invention). Fig. 4 shows sample 4 (sample fuel). FIG. 7 is a graph showing engine test results using Comparative Example Fuel) and Sample 6 (Emulsion Fuel of the present invention).
実施例 2 本実施例では、デンョ一社製のディーゼル発電機 1 3E S型を使用して、排ガス中の 窒素酸化物濃度及ぴ酸素濃度を連続して測定するとともに、単位重油当たりの発電量 を測定し、本発明のェマルジヨン燃料による発電効率を測定した。 Example 2 In this example, a diesel generator manufactured by Denyo Co., Ltd. 1 3E S type was used to continuously measure the nitrogen oxide concentration and oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and the amount of power generation per unit heavy oil. And the power generation efficiency of the emulsion fuel of the present invention was measured.
本発明のェマルジヨン燃料としては、特 A重油 75wt %、水 24. 7wt %、乳化剤 0. 3wt %の組成のものを製造し使用した。  As the emulsion fuel of the present invention, a fuel having a composition of 75% by weight of special heavy oil A, 24.7% by weight of water and 0.3% by weight of emulsifier was used.
このェマルジヨン燃料は、 A—重油 8 . 33リットルに水 2. 50リットル及び乳化剤 0. 0 4リットル（重油 1 00容量部：水 2 9 . 7容量部：乳化剤 0. 5容量部）を加えて手動撹拌 により一時撹拌した後、圧力 3MPでナノマイザ一装置を通し微細化 ·混合して製造し た。ェマルジョン燃料中の水の平均粒径は約 300〜 5 OOiimであった。  This Emulsion fuel is made up of 8.33 liters of A-heavy oil and 2.50 liters of water and 0.04 liters of emulsifier (100 parts by volume of heavy oil: 29.7 parts by volume of water: 0.5 parts by volume of emulsifier). The mixture was stirred temporarily by manual stirring, and then refined and mixed through a nanomizer at a pressure of 3MP. The average particle size of water in the emulsion fuel was about 300-5 OOiim.
本発明のェマルジヨン燃料及び A重油単独（比較例）を燃料として上記ディーゼル 発電機を連続して運転して、排ガス中の N Ox濃度及ぴ発電量を測定した。排ガス中 の NOx濃度及ぴ〇2濃度は発電機出口煙道で連続して測定した。 本発明のェマルジヨン燃料を使用した排ガスの測定結果を表 4に示し、特 A重油を 単独で燃料とした排ガスの測定結果を表 5に示す。本発明のェマルジヨン燃料を使用 した場合は、排ガス中の NOx濃度の平均値は 1 93ppmであるのに対し、重油単独で 燃料とした場合には NOx濃度の平均値は 36 9Ppmであり、本発明の燃料により、排ガ ス中の NOxの濃度を大きく低下させることが可能であることが分かった。 The diesel generator was continuously operated using the emulsion fuel of the present invention and A heavy oil alone (comparative example) as fuels, and the NOx concentration and power generation amount in the exhaust gas were measured. The NOx concentration and ○ 2 concentration in the exhaust gas were measured continuously at the generator outlet flue. The measurement results of exhaust gas using the emulsion fuel of the present invention are shown in Table 4, and the measurement results of exhaust gas using special A heavy oil alone as fuel are shown in Table 5. When the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used, the average value of NOx concentration in the exhaust gas is 193 ppm, whereas heavy oil alone is used. When fuel is used, the average value of NOx concentration is 369 P pm, and it has been found that the concentration of NOx in exhaust gas can be greatly reduced by the fuel of the present invention.
【表 4】 [Table 4]
ェマルジヨン撚料 (特 A重油 75<½、 Η2θ 24.7%、乳化剤 0.3%)の燃焼結果  Combustion results of Emulsion (special A heavy oil 75 <½, Η2θ 24.7%, emulsifier 0.3%)
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000014_0001
使用計器 NOx計 化学発光法 （ベスト計器 BCL— 61 1型)  Instrument used NOx meter Chemiluminescence method (Best instrument BCL 61 type 1)
02計 ジルコニァ方式 (ベスト計器 BCL— 61 1型) 測定方法 NOx濃度 JIS-B7982 連続分析法  02 total Zirconia method (Best instrument BCL-61 type 1) Measurement method NOx concentration JIS-B7982 Continuous analysis method
02濃度 JIS.B7983 連続分析法  02 Concentration JIS.B7983 Continuous analysis method
排出ガス温度 JIS'Z— 8808に準拠 Exhaust gas temperature compliant with JIS'Z-8808
【表 5】 NOx,02濃度 連続測定結果 [Table 5] Continuous measurement results of NOx, 02 concentration
特 A重油 100%燃焼 Special A heavy oil 100% combustion
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0001
使用計器 NOx計 化学発光法 （ベスト計器 BCし一 611型)  Instrument used NOx meter Chemiluminescence method (Best meter BC Shiichi type 611)
02計 ジルコニァ方式 (ベスト計器 BCL— 611型) 測定方法 NOx濃度 JIS-B7982 連続分析法  02 total Zirconia method (Best instrument BCL-611 type) Measurement method NOx concentration JIS-B7982 Continuous analysis method
02濃度 JIS'B7983 連続分析法  02 Concentration JIS'B7983 Continuous analysis method
排出ガス温度 JIS'Z— 8808に準拠  Exhaust gas temperature compliant with JIS'Z-8808
また、本実施例における発電結果を表 6に示す。ジーゼル発電機の単位重油当たり の発電量は、本発明のェマルジヨン燃料を使用すると 3. 33KWH/Kgとなり、重油 単独を燃料とすると 2. 73KWH/Kgとなり、本発明のェマルジヨン燃料では約 22% 発電量が増加し、本発明のェマルジヨン燃料の発電効率が向上したことが実証され ジーゼル発電機への応用 Table 6 shows the results of power generation in this example. The amount of power generated by diesel generator per unit heavy oil is 3.33KWH / Kg when using the emulsion fuel of the present invention, and 2.73KWH / Kg when using the heavy oil alone as the fuel. It has been demonstrated that the power generation efficiency of the emulsion fuel of the present invention has been improved. Application to diesel generators
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0001
発電機はデンョ一 TLG— 1 3ESY型  The generator is DENYO TLG-1 3ESY type
10.5 KVA 200V 三相  10.5 KVA 200V three phase
上記各試料の燃焼試験結果から以下のことが解った。 From the combustion test results of the above samples, the following was found.
1 .全ての試料燃料において、全負荷運転での性能に大きな変化は見られない。1. There is no significant change in performance at full load operation for all sample fuels.
2.ェマルジヨン燃料でのスモークは大きく改善された。 2. Smoke with emerald fuel has been greatly improved.
3.可燃性油のみの使用で発揮される出力、トルクを得るのに、本願発明のェマルジ ヨン燃料を使用すると、可燃性油の消費量（使用量）は約 25 %削減できた。  3. When the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used to obtain the output and torque that can be achieved by using only the flammable oil, the consumption (use amount) of the flammable oil can be reduced by about 25%.
4.ェマルジヨン燃料での軽負荷時に性能が低下した。排気温度も低下した。 すなわち、 A—重油、軽油に 24. 5 %の水を添加した本願発明のェマルジヨン燃料 は、 2， 200rpmまでほとんど A—重油、軽油 100 %と変わらない特性を示した。このこ とは驚異的に優れた性能である。 4. Performance decreased at light load with emulsion fuel. The exhaust temperature also decreased. That is, the emulsion fuel of the present invention in which 24.5% of water was added to A-heavy oil and light oil showed almost the same characteristics as A-heavy oil and light oil 100% up to 2,200 rpm. This is an amazing performance.
し力 し、 2 , 600rpm以上では失火が起こるようであり、したがって、例えば船に本願 発明のェマルジヨン燃料を使用する場合、港では軽油を使い港外でェマルジヨン燃料 に切り替えて使用すると良いものと考えられる。  However, misfire seems to occur at 2,600 rpm or higher. Therefore, for example, when using the emulsion fuel of the present invention for a ship, it is better to use light oil at the port and switch to the emulsion fuel outside the port. It is done.
産業上の利用可能性 本願発明によれば、水と可燃性油の混合液を、例えば、加圧して 1個又は複数個の 小孔を通し、オリフィスを通る時の乱流によるキヤビテ一シヨン効果により微細化混合し て、ェマルジヨン燃料を製造するため、例えばこの微細化 ·混合した約 25 %水を含む ェマルジヨン燃料はエンジンで燃焼させてもエンジントラブルを起こさず、ほぼ A—重 油や軽油と同じ出力とトルクを示し、燃料消費量も 25 %水を含むにもかかわらず同じ であった（単純に計算すれば 25 %省エネとなった。）。 Industrial Applicability According to the present invention, a cavity effect caused by turbulent flow when a liquid mixture of water and combustible oil is pressurized and passed through one or more small holes and passes through an orifice. In order to produce an emulsion fuel, the emulsion fuel containing about 25% water that has been refined and mixed does not cause engine trouble even if it is burned in the engine. It showed the same output and torque, and the fuel consumption was the same despite containing 25% water (simply calculating 25% energy saving).
しかも、煤やダイォキシンは l / S l S C理論的には発生せず）、 NOxも 1 / 2〜1 Z3程度になり、燃焼炉の燃料としては更に省エネ効果は大きく、 25〜35 %の省エネ となり、さらに廃油も原科として利用もできる。 従来、ェマルジヨン燃料（水一油系ェマルジヨン型加水燃料）は、水及ぴ油に乳化 剤を 0. 5〜5 %添加し、撹拌混合してェマルジヨン化したものであり、通常数 μ πι〜数 10 μ πιの平均粒子径を含むものであつたが、特に優れた乳化機を使って製造しても平 均粒子径は数 πι ( 1〜3 μ πι程度）程度で、所謂乳化状の液体の加水燃料（ェマルジ ヨン燃料）であった。  In addition, soot and dioxin are not generated theoretically (l / S l SC), and NOx is about 1/2 to 1 Z3, which is even more energy-saving as a fuel for combustion furnaces, with 25-35% energy savings In addition, waste oil can be used as a raw material. Conventionally, the emulsion fuel (water-one emulsion emulsion fuel) is made by adding 0.5 to 5% of an emulsifier to water and oil and stirring and mixing to form an emulsion, usually several μ πι to several Although it contains an average particle size of 10 μπι, it is a so-called emulsified liquid with an average particle size of about several πι (about 1 to 3 μπι) even when manufactured using a particularly excellent emulsifier. Water fuel (emulsion fuel).
しかし、この乳化液のェマルジヨン燃料は時間と共に分離する傾向があり、分離しな くても摇変性（チタソトロピー）の逆で時間と共に粘度が高くなる（ダイラタンシ一）性質 があり、パイプやノズルを詰まらせる事故があった。 本発明により得られたェマルジヨン燃料は、油と水が超微粒子状態（ナノレベル）で 混合されていて、水又は可燃性油の構成粒子の平均粒径が 1, 000nm、好ましくは 2 00〜700nrnのェマルジヨン燃料となるので、'安定性は抜群によく、燃焼効率も高く、 エンジン用、燃焼炉用、焼却炉用、ボイラー用、発電用等の全てに使用できる。 However, the emulsion fuel in this emulsified liquid tends to separate over time, and even if it does not separate, it has the property of increasing in viscosity (dilatancy) over time, contrary to wrinkle denaturation (titatropy), and clogging pipes and nozzles. There was an accident. The emulsion fuel obtained by the present invention is a mixture of oil and water in an ultrafine state (nano level), and the average particle size of the constituent particles of water or combustible oil is 1,000 nm, preferably 200 to 700 nrn. Because it is an emulsion fuel, it has excellent stability, high combustion efficiency, and can be used for engines, combustion furnaces, incinerators, boilers, and power generation.
例えば、本発明は車や船のエンジン燃料に使えば、 15〜25%省エネとなり、また 煤、ダイォキシンは 1/2〜1Ζ5、 ΝΟχは約 1/2〜1/3となって低公害性が得られ、 安定性が良いのでガソリンスタンドでこの微粒子混合液を作製し、現状と同様に車の 燃料タンクに補給することも可能となる。  For example, if the present invention is used for engine fuel of a car or a ship, it will save 15 to 25%, and 煤, dioxin will be 1/2 to 1Ζ5, ΝΟχ will be about 1/2 to 1/3 and low pollution. Since it is obtained and has good stability, it is possible to produce this liquid mixture at a gas station and replenish it to the fuel tank of the car as in the present situation.
さらに、ボイラー、発電機、燃焼炉、焼却炉にも適用できると共に、廃油の利用も可 能であり、燃焼炉用に使えば省エネ効果としては、例えば 30〜40%増大できるという 結果を得ている。  Furthermore, it can be applied to boilers, generators, combustion furnaces, incinerators, and waste oil can be used. If it is used for combustion furnaces, the energy saving effect can be increased by 30-40%, for example. Yes.

Claims

請 求 の Of request
1.可燃性油 100容量部に対して水 10. 0〜150. 0容量部を加えながら、微細化 ·混合手 段で水と可燃性油を微細化'混合し、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 100 Onm以下のエマ ルジョン燃料とすることを特徴とするェマルジヨン燃料の製造方法。 1.Combustible oil 100 parts by volume of water While adding 10.0 to 15.0 parts by volume of water, combustible water and combustible oil are mixed and refined and mixed with water or combustible oil. A method for producing an emulsion fuel having an average particle diameter of 100 Onm or less.
2.微細化 ·混合手段で水と可燃性油を微細化 ·混合し、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 20 0〜700nmのェマルジヨン燃料とすることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 1項記載のェマルジョ ン燃料の製造方法。 2. Refinement · Water and flammable oil are refined and mixed by mixing means to form an emulsion fuel having an average particle size of water or flammable oil of 200 to 700 nm. A method for producing the emulsion fuel described.
3.水の還元電位を一 l OOmv以下となし、それに可燃性油を添加して微細化 ·混合手段で 水と可燃性油を微細化 ·混合し、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 200〜700nmのェマルジ ヨン燃料とすることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 1項記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造方法。 3. Reduce the water reduction potential to 1 l OOmv or less and add flammable oil to make it finer.Mix the water and flammable oil with mixing means.Mix the average particle size of water or flammable oil. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm.
4 . 水が飲料用上水、雨水、生活排水、有機廃水、工業廃水又は畜産廃水から選ばれる いずれ力 1つ又は 2以上であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 1項〜 3項のいずれか 1項に 記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造方法。 4. Any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the water is one or more selected from drinking water, rainwater, domestic wastewater, organic wastewater, industrial wastewater or livestock wastewater. Or a method for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 1.
5 . 可燃性油が重油、軽油、灯油、揮発油等の石油類、工業廃油、天麩羅油、大豆油、ご ま油等の食用油から選ばれるいずれ力 1種又は 2種以上であることを特徴とする請求の範囲 第 1項〜 4項のいずれか 1項に記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造方法。 5. The flammable oil must be one or more selected from oils such as heavy oil, light oil, kerosene and volatile oil, industrial waste oil, tempura oil, soybean oil, sesame oil and other edible oils. The method of producing an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6 . 可燃性油又は水あるいは可燃性油及ぴ水が、 PCB類又はダイォキシン類あるいは PC B類及ぴダイォキシン類を含むものであることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 1項〜 5項のいず れか 1項に記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造方法。 6. The combustible oil or water or the combustible oil and water contains PCBs, dioxins, PCBs or dioxins, or any one of claims 1-5. Or a method for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 1.
7.微細化'混合手段が、水と可燃性油の一次混合液を加圧して、 1個又は 2個以上のオリ フィスで生じる乱流によるキヤビテーシヨン効果で微細化.混合させる装置であることを特徴 とする請求の範囲第 1項〜 6項のいずれか 1項に記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造方法。 7.Miniaturization 'means that the mixing means pressurizes the primary mixture of water and combustible oil and refines and mixes by the cavitation effect due to turbulent flow generated by one or more orifices. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
8.微細化'混合手段が、水と可燃性油の一次混合液を、加圧して、流速 50mZs以上の流 速でポンプ中を流し、それを直径 500 z m以下の孔が多数存在する壁体の孔の中を加速さ せて通し、液流同士の乱流によるキヤビテーシヨン効果により微細化 ·混合する装置であるこ とを特徴とする請求の範囲第 1項〜 7項のいずれか 1項に記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造方 8. The refined 'mixing means pressurizes the primary mixture of water and combustible oil and flows it through the pump at a flow rate of 50 mZs or more, and it has many holes with a diameter of 500 zm or less. 8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the device is a device that accelerates through the holes of the liquid and refines and mixes them by a cavity effect caused by turbulent flow between the liquid flows. How to make emerald fuel
9.可燃性油 100容量部に対して水 10. 0- 150. 0容量部を加えながら、水と可燃性油を 一次混合する水一可燃性油一次混合手段と、前記一次混合手段で得られた水一可燃性油 系一次混合物を微細化'混合して微粒子状態にして、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 1000 nm以下のェマルジヨン燃料とする微細化 ·混合手段とからなることを特徴とするェマルジョ ン燃料の製造装置。 9. Combustible oil Obtained by water-flammable oil primary mixing means for primary mixing of water and flammable oil while adding water 10.0-15.0 parts by volume to 100 parts by volume, and the primary mixing means. The water-combustible oil-based primary mixture is refined and mixed to form fine particles, and the water or combustible oil has an average particle size of 1000 nm or less as an emulsion fuel. Emulsion fuel production equipment.
10.微細化'混合手段が、一次混合手段で得られた水一可燃性油系一次混合物を微細化 '混合して微粒子状態にして、水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 200〜700nmのェマルジョ ン燃料とするものであることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 9項記載のェマルジヨン燃料の製造 装置。 10.Refining 'Mixing means refines the water-flammable oil-based primary mixture obtained by the primary mixing means into a fine particle state, and the average particle size of water or combustible oil is 200-700nm 10. The apparatus for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 9, wherein the apparatus is an emulsion fuel.
1 1.採用される水の還元電位が一 l OOmv以下であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 9項又 は 10項記載のエマルジョン燃料の製造方法。 1 1. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the reduction potential of water used is 1 lOOmv or less.
12.微細化'混合手段が、水一可燃性油系一次混合液を、加圧して 1個又は 2個以上の小 孔を通し、オリフィスで生じる乱流によるキヤビテーシヨン効果により微細化'混合させる装置 からなることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 9項〜 11項のいずれか 1項に記載のェマルジヨン燃 料の製造装置。 12. Refinement 'Mixing means pressurizes water-combustible oil-based primary mixture and passes it through one or more small holes, and refines and mixes it by the cavitation effect caused by turbulent flow generated at the orifice The apparatus for producing an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized by comprising:
13.微細化 ·混合手段が、水一可燃性油系一次混合液を、加圧して、流速 50m/s以上の 流速でポンプ中を流し、それを直径 200 μ ιη以下の孔が多数存在する壁体の孔の中を加 速させて通し、同液流同士のオリフィスによる乱流によりキヤビテーシヨンを起こして微細化' 混合する装置からなることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 9項〜 12項のいずれか 1項に記載の ェマルジヨン燃料の製造装置。 13. Refinement · The mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture and flows it through the pump at a flow rate of 50 m / s or more, and there are many holes with a diameter of 200 μιη or less. The apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized by comprising a device that accelerates through the hole in the wall body and causes cavitation by turbulent flow caused by the orifices of the same liquid flow to refine and mix. The apparatus for producing the emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
14.可燃性油 100容量部に水 10. 0- 150. 0容量部が微細化'混合手段により混合され てなるェマルジヨン燃料であって、かつ前記ェマルジヨン燃料中の水又は可燃性油の平均 粒径が lOOOnm以下であることを特徴とするェマルジヨン燃料。 14. Combustible oil 100 parts by volume of water 10. 0-15.0. 0 parts by volume of finely-mixed emulsion means, and the average particle of water or combustible oil in the emulsion fuel Emulsion fuel with a diameter of lOOOnm or less.
15.ェマルジヨン燃料中の水又は可燃性油の平均粒径が 200〜700nmであることを特徴 とする請求の範囲第 14項に記載のェマルジヨン燃料。 15. The emulsion fuel according to claim 14, wherein the average particle size of water or combustible oil in the emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm.
PCT/JP2007/067451 2006-09-01 2007-08-31 Method for production of emulsion fuel and apparatus for production of the fuel WO2008029898A1 (en)

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