WO2016068136A1 - Water-mixed fuel and water-mixed fuel generation device - Google Patents
Water-mixed fuel and water-mixed fuel generation device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016068136A1 WO2016068136A1 PCT/JP2015/080260 JP2015080260W WO2016068136A1 WO 2016068136 A1 WO2016068136 A1 WO 2016068136A1 JP 2015080260 W JP2015080260 W JP 2015080260W WO 2016068136 A1 WO2016068136 A1 WO 2016068136A1
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- water
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- oil
- fuel oil
- mixed fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water-mixed fuel produced by mixing and stirring a mixed fuel oil and water without using an emulsifier, and a water-mixed fuel generating device for generating this water-mixed fuel.
- the water-mixed fuel is not an emulsified fuel using an emulsifier like an emulsion fuel, but a fuel in which an emulsifier is not required and water and fuel are uniformly mixed, and is distinguished from an emulsion fuel.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for mixing water and organic base oil with fuel oil to produce a water-mixed fuel with a significantly reduced viscosity, that is, an excellent viscosity reducing effect with respect to high-viscosity fuel oil.
- Patent Document 1 describes that the addition of an emulsifier is preferable because it reduces the water particle size and improves the stability of the water-mixed fuel (water emulsion).
- the present invention provides a water-mixed fuel capable of reducing the water particle size and improving the stability of the water-mixed fuel without using an emulsifier, and a water-mixed fuel generating device that generates the water-mixed fuel.
- the purpose is to provide.
- a mixed fuel oil is obtained by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity. This mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and produced without using an emulsifier.
- a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity higher than that of the main fuel oil can be obtained by mixing the main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and the auxiliary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
- the viscosity difference between the mixed fuel oil and the water mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and water are mixed, the shear stress acting on the water by the mixed fuel oil is increased, and the refinement of water is promoted. Therefore, it is possible to prevent oil / water separation by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and water by the fluid mixer. Furthermore, it is also possible to steadily produce a water-mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less).
- invention of Claim 2 is invention of Claim 1, Comprising:
- the auxiliary fuel oil is characterized by having a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
- the mixing ratio is such that the weight of the auxiliary fuel oil is 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
- Water-mixed fuel oil can be used in the combustion engine.
- the auxiliary fuel oil having a high viscosity tends to have a high sulfur concentration, but the sulfur concentration can be suppressed by combining the main fuel oil with a fuel having a low sulfur concentration. Therefore, it can be easily set so that the total sulfur content of the main and secondary fuel oils to be mixed is 0.1% or less, and the sulfur concentration in the mixed fuel oil is 0.1% or less. It is possible to produce a water-mixed fuel that complies with the regulations to be achieved.
- invention of Claim 3 is invention of Claim 1 or 2, Comprising: As the main fuel oil, light oil or A heavy oil is used, while as the auxiliary fuel oil, C heavy oil or coal oil is used.
- the invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
- the water is characterized in that it is refined so that the water particle size of 80% of its accumulated weight is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel consumption is improved by refining the water so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight becomes 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
- the water is characterized by being refined so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be satisfactorily realized by refining the water so that the average water particle size becomes 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the average water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized.
- the invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
- the weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil to water is 70:30.
- the fuel consumption can be greatly improved by setting the weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil and water to 70:30.
- the invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6, As water, in the scrubber apparatus used for exhaust gas treatment, waste water generated after scrubber treatment is used.
- the waste water mixed fuel can be generated by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil without discarding the waste water generated after the scrubber treatment.
- the waste water mixed fuel can be generated by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil without discarding the waste water generated after the scrubber treatment.
- tap water is used as the solvent for the scrubber
- the organic matter and the inorganic matter contained in the exhaust gas are mixed into the wastewater generated after the scrubber treatment. Therefore, when the produced wastewater mixed fuel is burned, it is predicted that sulfuric acid is further generated and that the sulfur content concentration of the wastewater mixed fuel is increased. In that case, the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be reduced by generating sulfuric acid (desulfurization) at the time of mixing and stirring the wastewater and fuel oil.
- a main fuel supply unit that supplies a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, a sub fuel supply unit that supplies a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and a main fuel oil and a sub fuel oil are mixed and mixed at a certain ratio.
- the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil are uniformly mixed at a constant ratio by the first fluid mixing section, thereby obtaining a mixed fuel oil in which the viscosity difference from the added water is firmly secured. Yes.
- the mixed fuel oil as the dispersion medium and the added water as the dispersoid are mixed at a constant ratio by the second fluid mixing unit, so that the added water as the dispersoid can be steadily added due to the difference in viscosity between the two.
- a shearing force acts to refine the added water (for example, 80% or more of the added water to a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or less) to form fine water droplets, and a mixed fuel as a dispersion medium
- a water-mixed fuel can be produced without using an emulsifier.
- the water mixed fuel which can aim at the refinement
- generation apparatus as this embodiment.
- Control block diagram The conceptual diagram of the wastewater mixed fuel production and supply system as other this embodiment.
- the water-mixed fuel according to the present embodiment is generated by a water-mixed fuel generating device (hereinafter also referred to as “generating device”) A shown in FIG. Then, the generated water-mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of equipment such as an engine and a boiler (engine E in this embodiment) as a combustion apparatus.
- a water-mixed fuel generating device hereinafter also referred to as “generating device” A shown in FIG.
- the generated water-mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of equipment such as an engine and a boiler (engine E in this embodiment) as a combustion apparatus.
- a water-mixed fuel is made into a mixed fuel oil by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and this mixed fuel oil and water (for example, tap water or pure water). Are mixed and agitated and produced without using an emulsifier.
- the main fuel oil for example, light oil, heavy fuel oil A, or biofuel can be used.
- the auxiliary fuel oil for example, C heavy oil or coal oil (specifically, creosote oil or the like) can be used.
- the second fluid mixer M2 included in the generation device A described later can be miniaturized so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight of water is 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is miniaturized so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil can be set to, for example, 50 to 98:50 to 2, preferably 80:20. That is, the mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil can be appropriately set in the range of 50:50 to 98: 2 depending on the combination of the types in consideration of the mutual viscosity difference.
- the auxiliary fuel oil can make up a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
- the weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil and water can be set, for example, to 60 to 80:40 to 20, and preferably to 70:30.
- these mixed weight ratios are as follows: 55% light oil as the main fuel oil (0% sulfur content), 15% coal oil as the auxiliary fuel oil (0.5% sulfur content), 30% water % Can be set to a combination. Also, 65% low sulfur A heavy oil as the main fuel oil (0.07% sulfur content), 5% coal oil as the secondary fuel oil (0.5% sulfur content), and 30% water. You can also. By setting to such a combination, a water-mixed fuel having a sulfur content of 0.1% or less can be generated.
- a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity are mixed to form a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity increased from that of the main fuel oil.
- the viscosity difference between the mixed fuel oil and the water mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and stirred, the shear stress acting on the mixed fuel oil on the water is increased, and the refinement of the water is promoted. Accordingly, by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and water by the second fluid mixer M2, it is possible to steadily generate a water-mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less). .
- the mixing ratio of the main and secondary fuel oil is such that the weight of the secondary fuel oil is 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil, so that the secondary fuel oil having a high viscosity has a sulfur concentration.
- the sulfur concentration can be suppressed by combining the main fuel oil with a fuel having a low sulfur concentration. Therefore, it can be easily set so that the total sulfur content of the main and secondary fuel oils to be mixed is 0.1% or less, and the sulfur concentration in the mixed fuel oil is 0.1% or less. It is possible to produce a water-mixed fuel that complies with the regulations to be achieved. Furthermore, the water-mixed fuel produced in this way can be used without heating in internal combustion engines and external combustion engines mainly composed of fuel having a relatively low viscosity.
- the water is refined so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight is 10 ⁇ m or less, so that the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved.
- the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be satisfactorily realized.
- the average water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized. And fuel consumption can be improved significantly by the weight ratio of mixed fuel oil and water being set to 70:30.
- the generator A includes a main fuel oil tank T1 as a main fuel supply unit that supplies main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, and a sub fuel oil that supplies sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
- the auxiliary fuel oil tank T2 as the fuel supply unit is mixed with the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil at a certain ratio (for example, the weight ratio in which the weight of the auxiliary fuel oil is set to 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil).
- the generator A has a base end portion of the main fuel oil outflow pipe 1 connected to the bottom of the main fuel oil tank T ⁇ b> 1 containing the main fuel oil.
- a first electric flow rate adjusting valve V1 and a first flow meter R1 are arranged in series in this order.
- the base end portion of the auxiliary fuel oil outflow pipe 2 is connected to the bottom portion of the auxiliary fuel oil tank T2 containing the auxiliary fuel oil.
- a second electric flow rate adjusting valve V2 and a second flow meter R2 are arranged in series in this order.
- tip part of the main fuel oil outflow pipe 1 is connected to the front-end
- the base end portion of the water outflow pipe 4 is connected to the bottom of the water tank T3 containing water.
- a third electric flow rate adjusting valve V3 and a third flow meter R3 are arranged in series in this order.
- tip part of the water outflow pipe 4 is connected with the front-end
- the tip of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 is connected to the inlet of the second fluid mixer M2.
- An electric pump P is disposed in the middle of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6.
- a fourth electric flow rate adjusting valve V4 is disposed in the middle of the mixed fuel outflow pipe 5.
- a fifth electric flow rate adjusting valve V5 is disposed at the proximal end of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6.
- the mixing ratio of the main / sub fuel oil is adjusted by the opening amounts (openings) of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1, V2.
- the mixing ratio of water and mixed fuel oil is adjusted by the opening amounts (openings) of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3, V4.
- the electric pump P sucks the combined fluid of the mixed fuel oil and water in the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 and discharges (pressure-feeds) it toward the second fluid mixer M2 to the second fluid mixer M2.
- a merging fluid is introduced.
- the base end of the water mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 is connected to the outlet of the second fluid mixer M2.
- the tip of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 is connected to the fuel inlet of the engine E.
- the base end portion of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8 is connected to a portion of the water-mixed fuel lead-out pipe 7 located near the outlet of the second fluid mixer M2.
- the tip of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8 is connected to a portion of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 located on the upstream side of the electric pump P.
- the circulation channel J is formed.
- a sixth electric flow rate adjusting valve V6 is disposed downstream of the branch portion of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7. In the middle of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8, a pressure regulating valve V7 is provided.
- R5 is a fifth flow meter disposed in the portion of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 located on the downstream side of the sixth electric flow control valve V6.
- the first fluid mixer M1 only needs to be capable of uniformly mixing and stirring the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil.
- the “stirrer” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3623044 (FIGS. 1 to 6) can be employed.
- this “stirring device” a mixing rotating body attached to a rotating shaft connected to an electric motor Mo as a rotation driving source is disposed in the liquid in the stirring tank.
- the mixing rotator overlaps two upper and lower disks as a set, and forms an inflow port in the center of the upper disk, and a large number of cylindrical chambers opening forward are arranged on the front surfaces facing each other. Let it form.
- the upper disc chamber and the lower disc chamber are arranged at different positions so that the respective chambers communicate with other opposing chambers.
- a plurality of different fluids can be mixed and stirred.
- main / sub fuel oils supplied from main / sub fuel oil tanks T1, T2 are employed as a plurality of different fluids.
- the second fluid mixer M2 only needs to be capable of refining the introduced dispersoid as water and making it uniform to the mixed fuel oil as the introduced dispersion medium.
- 80% or more of the introduced water as a dispersoid is refined to a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less to form fine water particles, and the introduced dispersion medium As long as it can be made uniform in the mixed fuel oil.
- a “fluid mixing device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23) can be employed.
- This “fluid mixing device” is a static fluid mixing device that does not have a drive unit, and is configured by arranging honeycomb structure elements in series inside a unit.
- a plurality of different fluids (water and mixed fuel oil in the present embodiment) are pressurized and passed to apply a shearing force, thereby shortening the ultrafine and uniform mixing. It can be realized in time.
- the generating device A configured as described above is provided with a controller C as shown in FIG.
- the controller C is a computer device that includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like that are connected to each other via an internal bus.
- the CPU has a built-in timer, reads a control program stored in the ROM into the RAM, and executes calculations such as addition ratios of main / sub fuel oil and water according to the control program.
- output information from the operation unit Op and the first to fifth flow meters R1 to R5 is input to the controller C via an input interface.
- the controller C generates control information based on these output information and drives the first to sixth electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 to V6, the pressure adjusting valve V7, and the first fluid mixer M1.
- Control information is output to Mo, the electric pump P, and the electric three-way valve Vc via an output interface.
- the operation unit Op is manually operated to set a desired mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil.
- the desired main and auxiliary fuel oil amounts [kg] are respectively calculated, and the opening amounts of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 adapted thereto are determined and determined.
- the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 are opened for each opening amount.
- the flow rates of the main and auxiliary fuel oils flowing through the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2, respectively, are detected by the first and second flow meters R1 and R2, respectively. Is input to the controller C.
- the respective opening amounts of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 are feedback controlled until a desired mixing ratio of the set main / sub fuel oil is obtained. That is, control is performed until the flow rates of the main and auxiliary fuel oils reach the set amounts. Then, the main and auxiliary fuel oils are mixed and stirred by the first fluid mixer M1 to generate mixed fuel oil.
- the operation unit Op is manually operated to set a desired mixed weight ratio between water and the mixed fuel oil generated by the first fluid mixer M1.
- the desired water addition amount [kg] and the mixed fuel oil amount [kg] are calculated, and the respective opening amounts of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are determined.
- the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are opened for each determined opening amount.
- the flow rates of the fluids (water and mixed fuel oil) flowing through the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are detected by the third and fourth flow meters R3 and R4, respectively. Detection information is input to the controller C.
- the opening amounts of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are feedback controlled until the set ratio of the desired water and the mixed fuel oil is obtained. That is, control is performed until the flow rates of water and the mixed fuel oil become the set amounts.
- the mixed fluid in which a desired water addition ratio is obtained is introduced into the second fluid mixer M2 through the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 by the electric pump P by opening the fifth electric flow control valve V5. Is done.
- water as a dispersoid is refined to an average water particle size of 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m to form fine water particles, and is uniformized in the mixed fuel oil as a dispersion medium.
- water-mixed fuel is generated.
- the generated water-mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E by appropriately opening the sixth electric flow control valve V6.
- the circulation flow channel J is connected to the second fluid mixer M2. Communicated.
- the water-mixed fuel is circulated in the circulation channel J and mixed and stirred by the second fluid mixer M2 a plurality of times, so that the desired water droplets that are dispersoids are refined.
- wastewater mixed fuel can be generated by applying wastewater instead of water. That is, the wastewater mixed fuel uses wastewater generated after scrubber treatment (cleaning dust collection processing) as water in a scrubber device (cleaning dust collection device) used for exhaust gas treatment.
- the scrubber device is provided in a wastewater mixed fuel generation / supply system (hereinafter also abbreviated as “generation / supply system”) S shown in FIG.
- waste water mixed fuel can be produced by mixing / stirring with the mixed fuel oil without discarding the waste water Ww produced after the scrubber treatment. As a result, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of disposing the waste water Ww, and to effectively use the waste water Ww.
- the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be reduced by generating sulfuric acid (desulfurization) when mixing and stirring the wastewater Ww and the fuel oil.
- sulfuric acid deulfurization
- lime water as a solvent for scrubber treatment, it is possible to collect gypsum mixed with nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides. Therefore, by setting the concentration of sulfur in the mixed fuel oil to be 0.1% or less, the generation of sulfuric acid from the wastewater mixed fuel or the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be significantly reduced. it can.
- the generation / supply system S includes an exhaust passage 9 in an exhaust port provided in an engine E that is an internal combustion engine as a combustion device.
- the base end is connected.
- a base end portion of the exhaust gas recirculation passage Jr is connected to the middle portion of the exhaust passage 9 through an electric three-way regulating valve Vc1.
- a part of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the engine E through the exhaust passage 9 is caused to flow into the exhaust gas recirculation passage Jr by the electric three-way regulating valve Vc1.
- the front end of the intake passage 10 is connected to an intake port provided in the engine E.
- the front end of the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is connected to the midway portion of the intake flow path 10.
- the exhaust gas recirculation means A1 includes an exhaust gas recirculation channel Jr and an exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa provided in the middle of the exhaust gas recirculation channel Jr.
- an exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa By driving the exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa, a part of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the engine E through the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is sucked into the engine E and recirculated.
- the generation / supply system S configured as described above forms an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system.
- EGR exhaust gas recirculation
- a scrubber device Sk as wet exhaust gas purification means is provided in the middle of the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr, and is positioned upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa.
- the scrubber device Sk is a device that collects and separates particles (SOx, dust, etc.) in the exhaust gas in a cleaning liquid droplet or liquid film using a liquid such as water as a cleaning liquid (treated water).
- exhaust gas (exhaust gas) flowing in the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is brought into gas-liquid contact with the treated water to generate a purified gas that has been purified, and the purified gas and the intake air are combined.
- the mixed gas is sent to the intake port of the engine E through the downstream side of the intake flow path, and the treated liquid that captures the dust in the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) is used as waste water Ww.
- the scrubber device Sk is connected to the generating device A instead of the water tank T3 of the generating device A. That is, the scrubber device Sk is connected to the tip end portion of the mixed fuel outflow pipe 5 via the wastewater outflow pipe 4a as a wastewater supply channel.
- the second fluid mixer M2 waste water Ww and mixed fuel oil are supplied through a waste water outflow pipe 4a and a mixed fuel outflow pipe 5, respectively.
- the waste water Ww and the mixed fuel oil supplied into the second fluid mixer M2 are mixed and stirred by the second fluid mixer M2, so that a mixed fuel is generated.
- the generated wastewater mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E.
- the mixed fuel oil to be mixed with the waste water Ww is a mixture of a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
- the mixing weight ratio of the main and auxiliary fuel oil is the same as in the case of water-mixed fuel. That is, the auxiliary fuel oil has a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
- the main fuel oil uses light oil, A heavy oil or biofuel, while the auxiliary fuel oil uses C heavy oil.
- coal oil specifically, creosote oil or the like
- creosote oil or the like can be used.
- the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated volume of the waste water Ww is refined by the second fluid mixer M2 so as to be 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. More desirably, the fine particles are refined so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the volume ratio of the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww is desirably 70:30, as in the case of the water mixed fuel.
- the waste water Ww produced in the scrubber device Sk and the main / sub fuel oils supplied from the main / sub fuel oil tanks T1, T2 as fuel oil supply units are second fluid mixers. Since the waste water mixed fuel is generated by mixing and stirring by M2, and the generated waste water mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E, the waste water Ww can be effectively used as a part of the waste water mixed fuel. . This eliminates the need for a waste disposal device that disposes of waste water Ww, thereby reducing the system construction cost.
- a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity higher than that of the main fuel oil can be obtained.
- the difference in viscosity between the fuel oil and the waste water Ww mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww are mixed and stirred, the shear stress that the mixed fuel oil acts on the waste water Ww is increased, and the refinement of the waste water Ww is promoted. Therefore, by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww by the second fluid mixer M2, it is possible to steadily generate a waste water mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less). it can.
- the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved.
- the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be realized well.
- the average water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized.
- fuel consumption can be improved significantly by the volume ratio of mixed fuel oil and waste water Ww being set to 70:30.
- Equation (1) the water-mixed fuel is accompanied by an endothermic reaction called a water gas reaction, and the combustion temperature can be lowered from a micro explosion of water. Furthermore, since the contact area between the fuel and air increases dramatically, as shown in equations (2) and (3), the combustibility is improved and the overall heat quantity is increased, and the combustibility by adding water is improved. It is what is done. It is presumed that the combustion mode of diffusion combustion or evaporative combustion determines the effect of water.
- First fluid mixer M1 As the first fluid mixer M1, “Ramond Stirrer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is the “stirring device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3623044 (FIGS. 1 to 6), was adopted.
- Second fluid mixer M2 As the second fluid mixer M2, “Ramond Nanomixer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is a “fluid mixing device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23) is adopted. did.
- This “Ramond nanomixer” is a high-viscosity liquid / heterophasic dispersion system in which uniform mixing is difficult, and can exert more power.
- Exhaust gas analyzer For the analysis of exhaust gas, testo 350 made by test was used. The measurement is NO, NO 2 , SO 2 , CO (ppmv), CO 2 , O 2 (%). A part of the exhaust gas (approximately 0.9 L / min) was sucked.
- EA14-NB is a direct-injection one-cylinder four-cycle diesel engine with a bore of 94 mm, a stroke of 90 mm, that is, 624 cc, and a rated output of 11.5 PS at 2600 rpm.
- the production method by the production apparatus A that does not use a surfactant (emulsifier) is to mix A heavy oil and C heavy oil by the first fluid mixer M1 to make a mixed fuel, and then add water (tap water) to the mixed fuel. It was produced by mixing with the second fluid mixer M2.
- the engine load was 3 patterns of 25%, 50% and 75%, and the rotation speed was fixed at 2600 rpm.
- FIG. 6 shows the microscopic results of the water-mixed fuel.
- a) is A heavy oil emulsion fuel mixed with 2% surfactant
- the average water particle size is 2 ⁇ m for a), 100 nm for b), and 1 ⁇ m for c). Comparing a) and c), it can be said that the water particle size was stabilized by adding C heavy oil. This is because the difference in viscosity between water and heavy oil is expected to be greatly related to the mixing property, as seen in b). It can be said that it became.
- the heavy oil A showed a slight increase or decrease in the NO X concentration of 5.8 to 6.72 g / kWh, and the CO, CO 2 and SO 2 concentrations tended to decrease with increasing load.
- a diesel engine of 2000 rpm or higher can be said to be an engine that complies with the IMO secondary regulation because the emission amount of the IMO secondary regulation is 7.7 g / kWh or less.
- C heavy oil, NO X concentration becomes a value lower than the 4.98 ⁇ 5.75 g / kWh and A heavy oil.
- the concentration of CO and CO 2 was very high, and the concentration of sulfur was about 3 times that of heavy fuel oil A, so the concentration also increased 2 to 3 times. This is because part of the sulfur content in the fuel oil becomes PM (particulate matter).
- Fig. 8 shows a list of fuel consumption.
- the fuel consumption was as follows. Heavy oil A is 0.950 kg / h when the load is 25%, that is, 449.2 g / kWh, 1.290 kg / h when the load is 50%, that is, 305.1 g / kWh, and the load is 75%. It was 1.809 kg / h, that is, 285.2 g / kWh.
- C heavy oil is 1.224kg / h at 25% load, ie 579.1g / kWh, 1.622kg / h at 50% load, ie 383.4g / kWh, 75% load. It was 2.250 kg / h, that is, 354.7 g / kWh.
- FIG. 9 shows the experimental results of a water-mixed fuel of 66.5% A heavy oil, 3.5% C heavy oil, and 30% water. This fuel is called a mixed oil / water mixed fuel.
- NO X when the load was 25%, the reduction was about 40%, but as the load increased, a reduction of 60% or more was observed.
- SO 2 has increased by about 40%, it is due to the addition of C heavy oil, and the CO 2 concentration has increased significantly. From these, it can be said that discharge by water addition is made.
- Fig. 10 shows a list of fuel consumption.
- the mixed oil / water mixed fuel can improve the fuel efficiency by 10% or more.
- it can be said that the fuel consumption is improved even at low load, and that the water particle size is reduced.
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- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
Abstract
Provided are: a water-mixed fuel with which miniaturization of water particle size and an improvement in the stability of the water-mixed fuel can be achieved without using an emulsifier; and a water-mixed fuel generation device that generates said water-mixed fuel. A mixed fuel oil is obtained by mixing a main fuel oil having relatively low viscosity and an auxiliary fuel oil having relatively high viscosity, and said mixed fuel oil is mixed with water to generate the water-mixed fuel without using an emulsifier. Herein, light oil or A-type heavy oil is used as the main fuel oil, and C-type heavy oil or coal oil is used as the auxiliary fuel oil.
Description
本発明は、混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌して、乳化剤を用いることなく生成した水混合燃料、及び、この水混合燃料を生成する水混合燃料生成装置に関する。ここで、水混合燃料とは,エマルジョン燃料のように乳化剤を用いた乳化燃料ではなく、乳化剤を不要とし、水と燃料を均一に混合させた燃料を指し、エマルジョン燃料と区別したものである。
The present invention relates to a water-mixed fuel produced by mixing and stirring a mixed fuel oil and water without using an emulsifier, and a water-mixed fuel generating device for generating this water-mixed fuel. Here, the water-mixed fuel is not an emulsified fuel using an emulsifier like an emulsion fuel, but a fuel in which an emulsifier is not required and water and fuel are uniformly mixed, and is distinguished from an emulsion fuel.
従来、水混合燃料の一形態として、特許文献1に開示されたものがある。すなわち、特許文献1には、燃料油に、水及び有機塩基油を混合して、粘度が著しく低下した水混合燃料を生成する技術、つまり、高粘度の燃料油に対して優れた粘度低下効果を発揮する技術が開示されている。そして、特許文献1には、乳化剤の添加は、それによって水粒径が小さくなり、水混合燃料(水エマルジョン)の安定性が向上するので好ましいものである、と記載されている。
Conventionally, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1 as one form of water-mixed fuel. That is, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for mixing water and organic base oil with fuel oil to produce a water-mixed fuel with a significantly reduced viscosity, that is, an excellent viscosity reducing effect with respect to high-viscosity fuel oil. A technique that demonstrates the above is disclosed. Patent Document 1 describes that the addition of an emulsifier is preferable because it reduces the water particle size and improves the stability of the water-mixed fuel (water emulsion).
しかしながら、水粒の微細化や水混合燃料の安定性向上化を目的として乳化剤を添加すると、添加する乳化剤が高額であるため、その分、水混合燃料の製造コストが著しく上昇するという不具合や、その乳化剤が水混合燃料の燃焼に悪影響を及ぼしてしまうという問題や、その乳化剤が燃焼することによって、大気汚染の原因となる物質が生成されるという問題がある。
However, if an emulsifier is added for the purpose of refining the water droplets or improving the stability of the water-mixed fuel, the added emulsifier is expensive, and accordingly, the production cost of the water-mixed fuel increases significantly, There is a problem that the emulsifier has an adverse effect on the combustion of the water-mixed fuel, and that the substance that causes air pollution is generated when the emulsifier burns.
そこで、本発明は、乳化剤を用いることなく、水粒径の微細化や水混合燃料の安定性向上化を図ることができる水混合燃料、及び、この水混合燃料を生成する水混合燃料生成装置を提供することを目的とする。
Accordingly, the present invention provides a water-mixed fuel capable of reducing the water particle size and improving the stability of the water-mixed fuel without using an emulsifier, and a water-mixed fuel generating device that generates the water-mixed fuel. The purpose is to provide.
請求項1記載の発明は、
粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで混合燃料油となし、
この混合燃料油と水を混合して、乳化剤を用いることなく生成したことを特徴とする。 The invention described inclaim 1
A mixed fuel oil is obtained by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
This mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and produced without using an emulsifier.
粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで混合燃料油となし、
この混合燃料油と水を混合して、乳化剤を用いることなく生成したことを特徴とする。 The invention described in
A mixed fuel oil is obtained by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
This mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and produced without using an emulsifier.
請求項1記載の発明では、粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで、主燃料油よりも粘度が増大した混合燃料油となすことができて、この混合燃料油と、それに混合する水との粘度差を増大させることができる。そのため、混合燃料油と水を混合した際には、混合燃料油が水に作用するせん断応力が増加されて、水の微細化が促進される。したがって、流体混合器により混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌することで、油水分離を防ぐことが可能である。さらに、ナノレベル化(水粒径が1μm以下)された水粒を含む水混合燃料を堅実に生成することも可能である。
In the first aspect of the invention, a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity higher than that of the main fuel oil can be obtained by mixing the main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and the auxiliary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity. Thus, the viscosity difference between the mixed fuel oil and the water mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and water are mixed, the shear stress acting on the water by the mixed fuel oil is increased, and the refinement of water is promoted. Therefore, it is possible to prevent oil / water separation by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and water by the fluid mixer. Furthermore, it is also possible to steadily produce a water-mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 μm or less).
請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記載の発明であって、
副燃料油は、主燃料油の重量の30%以下の重量割合となしたことを特徴とする。 Invention ofClaim 2 is invention of Claim 1, Comprising:
The auxiliary fuel oil is characterized by having a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
副燃料油は、主燃料油の重量の30%以下の重量割合となしたことを特徴とする。 Invention of
The auxiliary fuel oil is characterized by having a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
請求項2記載の発明では、混合割合として、副燃料油の重量が、主燃料油の重量の30%以下となるようにしているため、粘度の比較的低い燃料を主とする内燃機関および外燃機関において水混合燃料油が使用できる。また、粘度が高い副燃料油は硫黄分濃度が高い傾向があるが、主燃料油を硫黄分濃度が低い燃料と組み合わせることで硫黄分濃度を抑制することができる。そのため、混合する主・副燃料油が含有する硫黄分の合計が0.1%以下となるように容易に設定することができて、混合燃料油中の硫黄分濃度が0.1%以下となるようにする規制に適応する水混合燃料を生成することができる。
In the second aspect of the invention, the mixing ratio is such that the weight of the auxiliary fuel oil is 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil. Water-mixed fuel oil can be used in the combustion engine. In addition, the auxiliary fuel oil having a high viscosity tends to have a high sulfur concentration, but the sulfur concentration can be suppressed by combining the main fuel oil with a fuel having a low sulfur concentration. Therefore, it can be easily set so that the total sulfur content of the main and secondary fuel oils to be mixed is 0.1% or less, and the sulfur concentration in the mixed fuel oil is 0.1% or less. It is possible to produce a water-mixed fuel that complies with the regulations to be achieved.
請求項3記載の発明は、請求項1又は2記載の発明であって、
主燃料油としては、軽油やA重油を使用する一方、副燃料油としては、C重油や石炭油を使用することを特徴とする。 Invention ofClaim 3 is invention of Claim 1 or 2, Comprising:
As the main fuel oil, light oil or A heavy oil is used, while as the auxiliary fuel oil, C heavy oil or coal oil is used.
主燃料油としては、軽油やA重油を使用する一方、副燃料油としては、C重油や石炭油を使用することを特徴とする。 Invention of
As the main fuel oil, light oil or A heavy oil is used, while as the auxiliary fuel oil, C heavy oil or coal oil is used.
請求項3記載の発明では、主燃料油として軽油やA重油を使用する一方、副燃料油としてC重油や石炭油を使用することで、水との粘度差が堅実に確保された混合燃料油となすことができて、このような混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌装置により混合・撹拌することで、ナノレベルに微細化された水粒を含む水混合燃料を堅実に生成することができる。
In the invention described in claim 3, while using light oil or A heavy oil as the main fuel oil, using C heavy oil or coal oil as the auxiliary fuel oil, a mixed fuel oil in which the difference in viscosity from water is firmly secured. By mixing and stirring such a mixed fuel oil and water with a mixing / stirring device, it is possible to steadily produce a water-mixed fuel containing water particles refined to the nano level. .
請求項4記載の発明は、請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の発明であって、
水は、その積算重量の80%の水粒径が1μm以下となるように微細化したことを特徴とする。 The invention according toclaim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The water is characterized in that it is refined so that the water particle size of 80% of its accumulated weight is 1 μm or less.
水は、その積算重量の80%の水粒径が1μm以下となるように微細化したことを特徴とする。 The invention according to
The water is characterized in that it is refined so that the water particle size of 80% of its accumulated weight is 1 μm or less.
請求項4記載の発明では、水を、その積算重量の80%の水粒径が1μm以下となるように微細化することで、NOx濃度が低減されるとともに、燃費が改善される。
In the invention according to claim 4, the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel consumption is improved by refining the water so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight becomes 1 μm or less.
請求項5記載の発明は、請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の発明であって、
水は、その平均水粒径が500nm~1μmとなるように微細化したことを特徴とする。 The invention according toclaim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The water is characterized by being refined so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 μm.
水は、その平均水粒径が500nm~1μmとなるように微細化したことを特徴とする。 The invention according to
The water is characterized by being refined so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 μm.
請求項5記載の発明では、水を、その平均水粒径が500nm~1μmとなるように微細化することで、NOx濃度の低減率と燃費の改善を良好に実現することができる。ここで、平均水粒径が1μm以下においては、NOx濃度の低減率が悪化する一方、燃費は向上する。つまり、NOx濃度の低減率と燃費は、トレードオフの関係にあると言えるが、平均水粒径が500nm以上においては、NOx濃度の適度な低減率と燃費の改善を実現することができる。
In the invention according to claim 5, the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be satisfactorily realized by refining the water so that the average water particle size becomes 500 nm to 1 μm. Here, when the average water particle size is 1 μm or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized.
請求項6記載の発明は、請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の発明であって、
混合燃料油と水の重量比は、70:30となしたことを特徴とする。 The invention according toclaim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil to water is 70:30.
混合燃料油と水の重量比は、70:30となしたことを特徴とする。 The invention according to
The weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil to water is 70:30.
請求項6記載の発明では、混合燃料油と水の重量比を、70:30となすことで、燃費を大幅に改善することができる。
In the invention according to claim 6, the fuel consumption can be greatly improved by setting the weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil and water to 70:30.
請求項7記載の発明は、請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の発明であって、
水としては、排ガス処理に使用するスクラバ装置において、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水を使用したことを特徴とする。 The invention according toclaim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
As water, in the scrubber apparatus used for exhaust gas treatment, waste water generated after scrubber treatment is used.
水としては、排ガス処理に使用するスクラバ装置において、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水を使用したことを特徴とする。 The invention according to
As water, in the scrubber apparatus used for exhaust gas treatment, waste water generated after scrubber treatment is used.
請求項7記載の発明では、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水を廃棄処理することなく、混合燃料油と混合・撹拌することで、廃水混合燃料を生成することができる。その結果、廃水を廃棄処理する手間や費用を削減することができるとともに、廃水を有効利用することができる。この際、スクラバの溶媒として水道水を使用した場合、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水には、排ガス中に含まれる有機物及び無機物が混入される。そのため、生成された廃水混合燃料を燃焼させると、さらに硫酸が発生することや、廃水混合燃料の硫黄分濃度が高くなることが予測される。その場合には、廃水と燃料油との混合・撹拌時に硫酸を発生(脱硫)させることで、廃水混合燃料中の硫黄分濃度を低減することができる。また、スクラバの溶媒として水酸化ナトリウム水を使用することで、廃水のpH値を上昇させることが可能であり、また、スクラバの溶媒として石灰水を使用することで、窒素酸化物や硫黄酸化物が混入した石膏として捕集することが可能である。これらより、船舶燃料に関し2015年より施行予定の混合燃料油中の硫黄分濃度を0.1%以下にするという規制に適応させることができる。
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the waste water mixed fuel can be generated by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil without discarding the waste water generated after the scrubber treatment. As a result, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of disposing of waste water and to effectively use waste water. At this time, when tap water is used as the solvent for the scrubber, the organic matter and the inorganic matter contained in the exhaust gas are mixed into the wastewater generated after the scrubber treatment. Therefore, when the produced wastewater mixed fuel is burned, it is predicted that sulfuric acid is further generated and that the sulfur content concentration of the wastewater mixed fuel is increased. In that case, the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be reduced by generating sulfuric acid (desulfurization) at the time of mixing and stirring the wastewater and fuel oil. Moreover, it is possible to raise the pH value of wastewater by using sodium hydroxide water as a solvent for scrubber, and nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide by using lime water as a solvent for scrubber. It can be collected as gypsum mixed. From these, it is possible to adapt to the regulation that the concentration of sulfur in the mixed fuel oil scheduled to be enforced from 2015 on ship fuel is 0.1% or less.
請求項8記載の発明は、
粘度の比較的低い主燃料油を供給する主燃料供給部と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油を供給する副燃料供給部と、主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合で混合して混合燃料油となす第1流体混合部と、添加水を供給する添加水供給部と、混合燃料油と添加水を一定の割合で混合して水混合燃料となす第2流体混合部と、を具備していることを特徴とする。 The invention described inclaim 8
A main fuel supply unit that supplies a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, a sub fuel supply unit that supplies a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and a main fuel oil and a sub fuel oil are mixed and mixed at a certain ratio. A first fluid mixing unit configured as fuel oil, an added water supply unit configured to supply additional water, and a second fluid mixing unit configured to mix the mixed fuel oil and the additional water at a certain ratio to form water mixed fuel. It is characterized by that.
粘度の比較的低い主燃料油を供給する主燃料供給部と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油を供給する副燃料供給部と、主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合で混合して混合燃料油となす第1流体混合部と、添加水を供給する添加水供給部と、混合燃料油と添加水を一定の割合で混合して水混合燃料となす第2流体混合部と、を具備していることを特徴とする。 The invention described in
A main fuel supply unit that supplies a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, a sub fuel supply unit that supplies a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and a main fuel oil and a sub fuel oil are mixed and mixed at a certain ratio. A first fluid mixing unit configured as fuel oil, an added water supply unit configured to supply additional water, and a second fluid mixing unit configured to mix the mixed fuel oil and the additional water at a certain ratio to form water mixed fuel. It is characterized by that.
請求項8記載の発明では、第1流体混合部により主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合で均一に混合して、添加水との粘度差が堅実に確保された混合燃料油となしている。その後に、第2流体混合部により分散媒としての混合燃料油と、分散質としての添加水とを一定の割合で混合することで、相互の粘度差により分散質としての添加水には堅実にせん断力が作用して、添加水を微細化(例えば、添加水の80%以上を10μm以下の粒径まで微細化)して微小な水粒となすことができるとともに、分散媒としての混合燃料油に均一化させることができて、乳化剤を用いることなく水混合燃料を生成することができる。
In the invention described in claim 8, the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil are uniformly mixed at a constant ratio by the first fluid mixing section, thereby obtaining a mixed fuel oil in which the viscosity difference from the added water is firmly secured. Yes. After that, the mixed fuel oil as the dispersion medium and the added water as the dispersoid are mixed at a constant ratio by the second fluid mixing unit, so that the added water as the dispersoid can be steadily added due to the difference in viscosity between the two. A shearing force acts to refine the added water (for example, 80% or more of the added water to a particle size of 10 μm or less) to form fine water droplets, and a mixed fuel as a dispersion medium A water-mixed fuel can be produced without using an emulsifier.
本発明によれば、乳化剤を用いることなく、水粒径の微細化や水混合燃料の安定性向上化を図ることができる水混合燃料、及び、この水混合燃料を生成する水混合燃料生成装置を提供することができる。
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the water mixed fuel which can aim at the refinement | miniaturization of water particle size and the stability improvement of water mixed fuel, without using an emulsifier, and the water mixed fuel production | generation apparatus which produces | generates this water mixed fuel Can be provided.
以下に、本発明に係る実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。すなわち、本実施形態に係る水混合燃料は、図1に示す後述の水混合燃料生成装置(以下、「生成装置」と略称することもある。)Aにより生成されるものであり、生成装置Aでは、生成した水混合燃料を燃焼装置としてのエンジンやボイラ等の機器(本実施形態ではエンジンE)の燃焼室に供給するようにしている。
Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. That is, the water-mixed fuel according to the present embodiment is generated by a water-mixed fuel generating device (hereinafter also referred to as “generating device”) A shown in FIG. Then, the generated water-mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of equipment such as an engine and a boiler (engine E in this embodiment) as a combustion apparatus.
[水混合燃料についての説明]
水混合燃料は、粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで混合燃料油となし、この混合燃料油と水(例えば、水道水や純水)を混合・撹拌して、乳化剤を用いることなく生成したものである。 [Description of water-mixed fuel]
A water-mixed fuel is made into a mixed fuel oil by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and this mixed fuel oil and water (for example, tap water or pure water). Are mixed and agitated and produced without using an emulsifier.
水混合燃料は、粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで混合燃料油となし、この混合燃料油と水(例えば、水道水や純水)を混合・撹拌して、乳化剤を用いることなく生成したものである。 [Description of water-mixed fuel]
A water-mixed fuel is made into a mixed fuel oil by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and this mixed fuel oil and water (for example, tap water or pure water). Are mixed and agitated and produced without using an emulsifier.
主燃料油と副燃料油とは、相対的に粘度差の大きいものを採択して混合燃料油となすことで、混合燃料油と水との粘度差を確保するのが望ましい。ここで、主燃料油としては、例えば、軽油やA重油やバイオ燃料を使用することができる。一方、副燃料油としては、例えば、C重油や石炭油(具体的には、クレオソート油等)を使用することができる。そうすることで、混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌した際に、分散相を形成する水にせん断力が堅実に作用して、ナノレベル(1μm以下)の微細な水粒径の水滴を含有する分散相となすことができる。本実施形態では、後述する生成装置Aが具備する第2流体混合器M2により、水の積算重量の80%の水粒径が10μm以下、望ましくは、1μm以下となるように微細化することができ、より望ましくは、平均水粒径が500nm~1μmとなるように微細化する。
It is desirable to secure the difference in viscosity between the mixed fuel oil and water by adopting a relatively large difference in viscosity between the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil to obtain a mixed fuel oil. Here, as the main fuel oil, for example, light oil, heavy fuel oil A, or biofuel can be used. On the other hand, as the auxiliary fuel oil, for example, C heavy oil or coal oil (specifically, creosote oil or the like) can be used. By doing so, when the mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and stirred, the shearing force acts steadily on the water that forms the dispersed phase and contains water droplets with a fine water particle size at the nano level (1 μm or less). And can be a dispersed phase. In the present embodiment, the second fluid mixer M2 included in the generation device A described later can be miniaturized so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight of water is 10 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. More preferably, it is miniaturized so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 μm.
混合燃料油は、主燃料油と副燃料油の混合重量比を、例えば、50~98:50~2に設定し、望ましくは、80:20に設定することができる。つまり、主燃料油と副燃料油の混合重量比は、相互の粘度差を考慮したそれらの種類の組み合わせにより、適宜、50:50~98:2の範囲で設定することができる。好ましくは、副燃料油は、主燃料油の重量の30%以下の重量割合をとなすことができる。混合燃料油と水の重量比は、例えば、60~80:40~20に設定し、望ましくは、70:30に設定することができる。
In the mixed fuel oil, the mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil can be set to, for example, 50 to 98:50 to 2, preferably 80:20. That is, the mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil can be appropriately set in the range of 50:50 to 98: 2 depending on the combination of the types in consideration of the mutual viscosity difference. Preferably, the auxiliary fuel oil can make up a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil. The weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil and water can be set, for example, to 60 to 80:40 to 20, and preferably to 70:30.
これらの混合重量割合をより具体的に例示すると、主燃料油としての軽油55%(硫黄分0%)と、副燃料油としての石炭油15%(硫黄分0.5%)と、水30%と、の組み合わせに設定することができる。また、主燃料油としてのローサルファA重油65%(硫黄分0.07%)と、副燃料油としての石炭油5%(硫黄分0.5%)と、水30%の組み合わせに設定することもできる。このような組み合わせに設定することで、硫黄分が0.1%以下の水混合燃料を生成することができる。
More specifically, these mixed weight ratios are as follows: 55% light oil as the main fuel oil (0% sulfur content), 15% coal oil as the auxiliary fuel oil (0.5% sulfur content), 30% water % Can be set to a combination. Also, 65% low sulfur A heavy oil as the main fuel oil (0.07% sulfur content), 5% coal oil as the secondary fuel oil (0.5% sulfur content), and 30% water. You can also. By setting to such a combination, a water-mixed fuel having a sulfur content of 0.1% or less can be generated.
このように構成した水混合燃料では、粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで、主燃料油よりも粘度が増大した混合燃料油となすことができて、この混合燃料油と、それに混合する水との粘度差を増大させることができる。そのため、混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌した際には、混合燃料油が水に作用するせん断応力が増加されて、水の微細化が促進される。したがって、第2流体混合器M2により混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌することで、ナノレベル化(水粒径が1μm以下)された水粒を含む水混合燃料を堅実に生成することができる。
In the water-mixed fuel configured as described above, a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity are mixed to form a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity increased from that of the main fuel oil. Thus, the viscosity difference between the mixed fuel oil and the water mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and stirred, the shear stress acting on the mixed fuel oil on the water is increased, and the refinement of the water is promoted. Accordingly, by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and water by the second fluid mixer M2, it is possible to steadily generate a water-mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 μm or less). .
ここでの主・副燃料油の混合割合としては、副燃料油の重量が、主燃料油の重量の30%以下となるようにしているため、粘度が高い副燃料油は、硫黄分濃度が高い傾向があるが、主燃料油を硫黄分濃度が低い燃料と組み合わせることで、硫黄分濃度を抑制することができる。そのため、混合する主・副燃料油が含有する硫黄分の合計が0.1%以下となるように容易に設定することができて、混合燃料油中の硫黄分濃度が0.1%以下となるようにする規制に適応する水混合燃料を生成することができる。さらに、このように生成された水混合燃料は、粘度の比較的低い燃料を主とする内燃機関および外燃機関において、加温なしで使用することができる。
Here, the mixing ratio of the main and secondary fuel oil is such that the weight of the secondary fuel oil is 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil, so that the secondary fuel oil having a high viscosity has a sulfur concentration. Although it tends to be high, the sulfur concentration can be suppressed by combining the main fuel oil with a fuel having a low sulfur concentration. Therefore, it can be easily set so that the total sulfur content of the main and secondary fuel oils to be mixed is 0.1% or less, and the sulfur concentration in the mixed fuel oil is 0.1% or less. It is possible to produce a water-mixed fuel that complies with the regulations to be achieved. Furthermore, the water-mixed fuel produced in this way can be used without heating in internal combustion engines and external combustion engines mainly composed of fuel having a relatively low viscosity.
したがって、例えば、主燃料油としては、軽油やA重油を使用する一方、副燃料油としては、C重油や石炭油を使用することで、水との粘度差が堅実に確保された混合燃料油となすことができて、このような混合燃料油と水を第2流体混合器M2により混合・撹拌することで、油水分離を防ぐことができる。また、ナノレベルに微細化された水粒を含む水混合燃料を堅実に生成することができる。
Therefore, for example, while using light oil or A heavy oil as the main fuel oil, using C heavy oil or coal oil as the auxiliary fuel oil, a mixed fuel oil in which a difference in viscosity from water is firmly secured. Therefore, oil / water separation can be prevented by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and water with the second fluid mixer M2. Moreover, the water mixed fuel containing the water particle refined | miniaturized to the nano level can be produced | generated firmly.
しかも、水を、その積算重量の80%の水粒径が10μm以下となるように微細化することで、NOx濃度が低減されるとともに、燃費が改善される。
Moreover, the water is refined so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight is 10 μm or less, so that the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved.
さらには、水を、その平均水粒径が500nm~1μmとなるように微細化することで、NOx濃度の低減率と燃費の改善を良好に実現することができる。ここで、平均水粒径が1μm以下においては、NOx濃度の低減率が悪化する一方、燃費は向上する。つまり、NOx濃度の低減率と燃費は、トレードオフの関係にあると言えるが、平均水粒径が500nm以上においては、NOx濃度の適度な低減率と燃費の改善を実現することができる。そして、混合燃料油と水の重量比は、70:30となすことで、燃費を大幅に改善することができる。
Furthermore, by reducing the water so that the average water particle size becomes 500 nm to 1 μm, the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be satisfactorily realized. Here, when the average water particle size is 1 μm or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized. And fuel consumption can be improved significantly by the weight ratio of mixed fuel oil and water being set to 70:30.
[生成装置についての説明]
前記した水混合燃料を生成する生成装置Aの構成について、具体的に説明する。すなわち、生成装置Aは、図1に示すように、粘度の比較的低い主燃料油を供給する主燃料供給部としての主燃料油タンクT1と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油を供給する副燃料供給部としての副燃料油タンクT2と、主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合(例えば、副燃料油の重量を主燃料油の重量の30%以下に設定した重量割合)で混合して混合燃料油となす第1流体混合部としての第1流体混合器M1と、添加水(例えば、水道水や純水等の水、又は、廃水)を供給する添加水供給部としての水タンクT3と、混合燃料油と添加水を一定の割合(例えば、70:30の重量比割合)で混合して水混合燃料となす第2流体混合部としての第2流体混合器M2と、を具備している。 [Description of generator]
The structure of the production | generation apparatus A which produces | generates an above described water mixed fuel is demonstrated concretely. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the generator A includes a main fuel oil tank T1 as a main fuel supply unit that supplies main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, and a sub fuel oil that supplies sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity. The auxiliary fuel oil tank T2 as the fuel supply unit is mixed with the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil at a certain ratio (for example, the weight ratio in which the weight of the auxiliary fuel oil is set to 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil). A first fluid mixer M1 serving as a first fluid mixing unit to be mixed fuel oil, and a water tank as an additional water supply unit for supplying additional water (for example, water such as tap water or pure water, or waste water). T3, and a second fluid mixer M2 as a second fluid mixing unit that mixes the mixed fuel oil and the added water at a certain ratio (for example, a weight ratio of 70:30) to form a water-mixed fuel. is doing.
前記した水混合燃料を生成する生成装置Aの構成について、具体的に説明する。すなわち、生成装置Aは、図1に示すように、粘度の比較的低い主燃料油を供給する主燃料供給部としての主燃料油タンクT1と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油を供給する副燃料供給部としての副燃料油タンクT2と、主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合(例えば、副燃料油の重量を主燃料油の重量の30%以下に設定した重量割合)で混合して混合燃料油となす第1流体混合部としての第1流体混合器M1と、添加水(例えば、水道水や純水等の水、又は、廃水)を供給する添加水供給部としての水タンクT3と、混合燃料油と添加水を一定の割合(例えば、70:30の重量比割合)で混合して水混合燃料となす第2流体混合部としての第2流体混合器M2と、を具備している。 [Description of generator]
The structure of the production | generation apparatus A which produces | generates an above described water mixed fuel is demonstrated concretely. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the generator A includes a main fuel oil tank T1 as a main fuel supply unit that supplies main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, and a sub fuel oil that supplies sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity. The auxiliary fuel oil tank T2 as the fuel supply unit is mixed with the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil at a certain ratio (for example, the weight ratio in which the weight of the auxiliary fuel oil is set to 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil). A first fluid mixer M1 serving as a first fluid mixing unit to be mixed fuel oil, and a water tank as an additional water supply unit for supplying additional water (for example, water such as tap water or pure water, or waste water). T3, and a second fluid mixer M2 as a second fluid mixing unit that mixes the mixed fuel oil and the added water at a certain ratio (for example, a weight ratio of 70:30) to form a water-mixed fuel. is doing.
このように構成した生成装置Aでは、第1流体混合器M1により主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合で均一に混合して、添加水との粘度差が堅実に確保された混合燃料油となしている。その後に、第2流体混合器M2により分散媒としての混合燃料油と、分散質としての添加水とを一定の割合で混合することで、相互の粘度差により分散質としての添加水には堅実にせん断力が作用して、添加水の80%以上を10μm以下の粒径まで微細化して微小な水粒となすことができるとともに、分散媒としての混合燃料油に均一化させることができる。その結果、乳化剤を用いることなく、前記した水混合燃料を生成することができる。
In the generator A configured as described above, the mixed fuel oil in which the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil are uniformly mixed at a constant ratio by the first fluid mixer M1, and the viscosity difference from the added water is firmly ensured. It is said. After that, the mixed fuel oil as the dispersion medium and the added water as the dispersoid are mixed at a constant ratio by the second fluid mixer M2, so that the added water as the dispersoid is solid due to the difference in viscosity between the two. As a result, a shearing force acts, so that 80% or more of the added water can be refined to a particle size of 10 μm or less to form fine water particles, and can be made uniform in the mixed fuel oil as a dispersion medium. As a result, the above-described water-mixed fuel can be generated without using an emulsifier.
より具体的に説明すると、生成装置Aは、図1に示すように、主燃料油を収容した主燃料油タンクT1の底部に、主燃料油流出パイプ1の基端部を接続している。主燃料油流出パイプ1の中途部には、第1電動流量調整弁V1と第1流量計R1をこの順番で直列的に配設している。また、副燃料油を収容した副燃料油タンクT2の底部には、副燃料油流出パイプ2の基端部を接続している。副燃料油流出パイプ2の中途部には、第2電動流量調整弁V2と第2流量計R2をこの順番で直列的に配設している。そして、主燃料油流出パイプ1の先端部は、副燃料油流出パイプ2の先端部に接続して、この接続部に混合燃料導入パイプ3の基端部を接続するとともに、混合燃料導入パイプ3の先端部を第1流体混合器M1の導入口に接続している。
More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the generator A has a base end portion of the main fuel oil outflow pipe 1 connected to the bottom of the main fuel oil tank T <b> 1 containing the main fuel oil. In the middle of the main fuel oil outlet pipe 1, a first electric flow rate adjusting valve V1 and a first flow meter R1 are arranged in series in this order. Further, the base end portion of the auxiliary fuel oil outflow pipe 2 is connected to the bottom portion of the auxiliary fuel oil tank T2 containing the auxiliary fuel oil. In the middle part of the auxiliary fuel oil outflow pipe 2, a second electric flow rate adjusting valve V2 and a second flow meter R2 are arranged in series in this order. And the front-end | tip part of the main fuel oil outflow pipe 1 is connected to the front-end | tip part of the sub fuel oil outflow pipe 2, and while connecting the base end part of the mixed fuel introduction pipe 3 to this connection part, the mixed fuel introduction pipe 3 Is connected to the inlet of the first fluid mixer M1.
また、水を収容した水タンクT3の底部には、水流出パイプ4の基端部を接続している。水流出パイプ4の中途部には、第3電動流量調整弁V3と第3流量計R3をこの順番で直列的に配設している。そして、水流出パイプ4の先端部は、第1流体混合器M1の導出口に基端部を接続した混合燃料流出パイプ5の先端部と接続して、この接続部に水混合燃料導入パイプ6の基端部を接続するとともに、水混合燃料導入パイプ6の先端部を第2流体混合器M2の導入口に接続している。水混合燃料導入パイプ6の中途部には、電動ポンプPを配設している。混合燃料流出パイプ5の中途部には、第4電動流量調整弁V4を配設している。また、水混合燃料導入パイプ6の基端部には、第5電動流量調整弁V5を配設している。ここで、主・副燃料油の混合割合は、第1・第2電動流量調整弁V1,V2の開口量(開度)により調整される。また、水と混合燃料油との混合割合は、第3・第4電動流量調整弁V3,V4の開口量(開度)により調整される。
Also, the base end portion of the water outflow pipe 4 is connected to the bottom of the water tank T3 containing water. In the middle of the water outflow pipe 4, a third electric flow rate adjusting valve V3 and a third flow meter R3 are arranged in series in this order. And the front-end | tip part of the water outflow pipe 4 is connected with the front-end | tip part of the mixed fuel outflow pipe 5 which connected the base end part to the outlet of the 1st fluid mixer M1, and the water mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 is connected to this connection part. , And the tip of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 is connected to the inlet of the second fluid mixer M2. An electric pump P is disposed in the middle of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6. In the middle of the mixed fuel outflow pipe 5, a fourth electric flow rate adjusting valve V4 is disposed. A fifth electric flow rate adjusting valve V5 is disposed at the proximal end of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6. Here, the mixing ratio of the main / sub fuel oil is adjusted by the opening amounts (openings) of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1, V2. Further, the mixing ratio of water and mixed fuel oil is adjusted by the opening amounts (openings) of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3, V4.
電動ポンプPは、水混合燃料導入パイプ6中の混合燃料油と水との合流流体を吸入するとともに、第2流体混合器M2に向けて吐出(圧送)して、第2流体混合器M2に合流流体が導入されるようにしている。第2流体混合器M2の導出口には、水混合燃料導出パイプ7の基端部を接続している。水混合燃料導出パイプ7の先端部は、エンジンEの燃料室の給入口に接続している。
The electric pump P sucks the combined fluid of the mixed fuel oil and water in the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 and discharges (pressure-feeds) it toward the second fluid mixer M2 to the second fluid mixer M2. A merging fluid is introduced. The base end of the water mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 is connected to the outlet of the second fluid mixer M2. The tip of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 is connected to the fuel inlet of the engine E.
水混合燃料導出パイプ7における第2流体混合器M2の導出口近傍に位置する部分には、水混合燃料循環パイプ8の基端部を接続している。一方、水混合燃料導入パイプ6における電動ポンプPの上流側に位置する部分には、水混合燃料循環パイプ8の先端部を接続している。このようにして、循環流路Jを形成している。水混合燃料導出パイプ7の分岐部分の下流側には、第6電動流量調整弁V6を配設している。水混合燃料循環パイプ8の中途部には、圧力調整弁V7を配設している。R5は、第6電動流量調整弁V6の下流側に位置する水混合燃料導出パイプ7の部分に配設した第5流量計である。
The base end portion of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8 is connected to a portion of the water-mixed fuel lead-out pipe 7 located near the outlet of the second fluid mixer M2. On the other hand, the tip of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8 is connected to a portion of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 located on the upstream side of the electric pump P. In this way, the circulation channel J is formed. A sixth electric flow rate adjusting valve V6 is disposed downstream of the branch portion of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7. In the middle of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8, a pressure regulating valve V7 is provided. R5 is a fifth flow meter disposed in the portion of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 located on the downstream side of the sixth electric flow control valve V6.
第1流体混合器M1としては、主燃料油と副燃料油を均一に混合・撹拌することができるものであればよい。例えば、特許第3623044(図1~図6)に開示されている「撹拌装置」を採用することができる。この「撹拌装置」は、撹拌槽内の液中に、回転駆動源としての電動モータMoに連結した回転軸に取り付けられた混合回転体を配設するようにしている。混合回転体は、上下2枚の円板を一組みとして重ね合わせ、上方の円板の中央には流入口を形成するとともに、互いに対向する前面には、前方開口する筒状の小室を多数配列させて形成している。上方の円板の小室と、下方の円板の小室とは、互いの小室が対向する他の小室に連通するように位置を違えて配列している。このように構成した「撹拌装置」では、複数の異なる流体を混合・撹拌することができるようにしている。本実施形態では、複数の異なる流体として、主・副燃料油タンクT1,T2から供給された主・副燃料油を採用している。
The first fluid mixer M1 only needs to be capable of uniformly mixing and stirring the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil. For example, the “stirrer” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3623044 (FIGS. 1 to 6) can be employed. In this “stirring device”, a mixing rotating body attached to a rotating shaft connected to an electric motor Mo as a rotation driving source is disposed in the liquid in the stirring tank. The mixing rotator overlaps two upper and lower disks as a set, and forms an inflow port in the center of the upper disk, and a large number of cylindrical chambers opening forward are arranged on the front surfaces facing each other. Let it form. The upper disc chamber and the lower disc chamber are arranged at different positions so that the respective chambers communicate with other opposing chambers. In the “stirring device” configured as described above, a plurality of different fluids can be mixed and stirred. In the present embodiment, main / sub fuel oils supplied from main / sub fuel oil tanks T1, T2 are employed as a plurality of different fluids.
第2流体混合器M2としては、導入した分散質としての水を微細化するとともに、導入した分散媒としての混合燃料油に均一化させることができるものであればよい。望ましくは、本実施形態の第2流体混合器M2のように、導入した分散質としての水の80%以上を1μm以下の粒径まで微細化して微小な水粒となすとともに、導入した分散媒としての混合燃料油に均一化させることができるものであればよい。例えば、特許第3884095号(図15~図23)に開示されている「流体混合装置」を採用することができる。この「流体混合装置」は、駆動部を持たない静止型流体混合装置であり、ユニット内部にハニカム構造のエレメントを直列的に配置して構成している。このように構成した「流体混合装置」では、複数の異なる流体(本実施形態では水と混合燃料油)を加圧通過させてせん断力を作用させることにより、超微粒化かつ均一化混合を短時間で実現可能としている。
The second fluid mixer M2 only needs to be capable of refining the introduced dispersoid as water and making it uniform to the mixed fuel oil as the introduced dispersion medium. Desirably, as in the second fluid mixer M2 of this embodiment, 80% or more of the introduced water as a dispersoid is refined to a particle size of 1 μm or less to form fine water particles, and the introduced dispersion medium As long as it can be made uniform in the mixed fuel oil. For example, a “fluid mixing device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23) can be employed. This “fluid mixing device” is a static fluid mixing device that does not have a drive unit, and is configured by arranging honeycomb structure elements in series inside a unit. In the “fluid mixing device” configured as described above, a plurality of different fluids (water and mixed fuel oil in the present embodiment) are pressurized and passed to apply a shearing force, thereby shortening the ultrafine and uniform mixing. It can be realized in time.
上記のように構成した生成装置Aには、図2に示すようなコントローラCを設けている。コントローラCは、内部バスにより相互に接続されたCPU(Central Processing Unit)、ROM(Read Only Memory)、及びRAM(Random Access Memory)等を備えたコンピュータ装置である。CPUは、タイマを内蔵しており、ROMに格納された制御プログラムをRAMに読み込み、この制御プログラムにしたがって、主・副燃料油や水の添加割合等の演算を実行する。
The generating device A configured as described above is provided with a controller C as shown in FIG. The controller C is a computer device that includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like that are connected to each other via an internal bus. The CPU has a built-in timer, reads a control program stored in the ROM into the RAM, and executes calculations such as addition ratios of main / sub fuel oil and water according to the control program.
コントローラCには、図2に示すように、操作部Opと第1~第5流量計R1~R5からの各出力情報が入力インターフェースを介して入力される。一方、コントローラCは、これらの出力情報に基づいて制御情報を生成し、第1~第6電動流量調整弁V1~V6と、圧力調整弁V7と、第1流体混合器M1を駆動する電動モータMoと、電動ポンプPと、電動三方弁Vcと、に出力インターフェースを介して制御情報を出力する。
As shown in FIG. 2, output information from the operation unit Op and the first to fifth flow meters R1 to R5 is input to the controller C via an input interface. On the other hand, the controller C generates control information based on these output information and drives the first to sixth electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 to V6, the pressure adjusting valve V7, and the first fluid mixer M1. Control information is output to Mo, the electric pump P, and the electric three-way valve Vc via an output interface.
上記のように構成した生成装置Aでは、操作部Opを手動操作して、主燃料油と副燃料油との所望の混合重量割合を設定する。そうすることで、所望の主・副燃料油量[kg]がそれぞれ算出されて、それに適応した第1・第2電動流量調整弁V1,V2の各開口量が決定されるとともに、決定された各開口量に第1・第2電動流量調整弁V1,V2が開口動作する。そして、第1・第2電動流量調整弁V1,V2をそれぞれ通して流動する各主・副燃料油の各流量が、第1・第2流量計R1,R2によりそれぞれ検出されて、各検出情報がコントローラCに入力される。この際、設定された主・副燃料油の所望の混合割合が得られるまでは、第1・第2電動流量調整弁V1,V2の各開口量が、フィードバック制御される。つまり、主・副燃料油の各流量が設定量となるまで制御される。そして、第1流体混合器M1により主・副燃料油が混合・撹拌されて、混合燃料油が生成される。
In the generating apparatus A configured as described above, the operation unit Op is manually operated to set a desired mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil. By doing so, the desired main and auxiliary fuel oil amounts [kg] are respectively calculated, and the opening amounts of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 adapted thereto are determined and determined. The first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 are opened for each opening amount. The flow rates of the main and auxiliary fuel oils flowing through the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2, respectively, are detected by the first and second flow meters R1 and R2, respectively. Is input to the controller C. At this time, the respective opening amounts of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 are feedback controlled until a desired mixing ratio of the set main / sub fuel oil is obtained. That is, control is performed until the flow rates of the main and auxiliary fuel oils reach the set amounts. Then, the main and auxiliary fuel oils are mixed and stirred by the first fluid mixer M1 to generate mixed fuel oil.
続いて、操作部Opを手動操作して、水と、第1流体混合器M1により生成された混合燃料油と、の所望の混合重量割合を設定する。そうすることで、所望の水の添加量[kg]と混合燃料油量[kg]が算出されて、それに適応した第3・第4電動流量調整弁V3,V4の各開口量が決定されるとともに、決定された各開口量に第3・第4電動流量調整弁V3,V4が開口動作する。そして、第3・第4電動流量調整弁V3,V4をそれぞれ通して流動する各流体(水と混合燃料油)の各流量が第3・第4流量計R3,R4によりそれぞれ検出されて、各検出情報がコントローラCに入力される。この際、設定された所望の水と混合燃料油との混合割合が得られるまでは、第3・第4電動流量調整弁V3,V4の各開口量が、フィードバック制御される。つまり、水と混合燃料油の各流量が設定量となるまで制御される。
Subsequently, the operation unit Op is manually operated to set a desired mixed weight ratio between water and the mixed fuel oil generated by the first fluid mixer M1. By doing so, the desired water addition amount [kg] and the mixed fuel oil amount [kg] are calculated, and the respective opening amounts of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are determined. At the same time, the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are opened for each determined opening amount. The flow rates of the fluids (water and mixed fuel oil) flowing through the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are detected by the third and fourth flow meters R3 and R4, respectively. Detection information is input to the controller C. At this time, the opening amounts of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are feedback controlled until the set ratio of the desired water and the mixed fuel oil is obtained. That is, control is performed until the flow rates of water and the mixed fuel oil become the set amounts.
所望の水の添加割合が得られるようになった混合流体は、第5電動流量調整弁V5を開口させることで、電動ポンプPにより水混合燃料導入パイプ6を通して第2流体混合器M2内に導入される。第2流体混合器M2内では、分散質としての水が、500nm~1μmの平均水粒径に微細化されて、微小な水粒となるとともに、分散媒としての混合燃料油中に均一化されて水混合燃料が生成される。生成された水混合燃料は、第6電動流量調整弁V6が適度に開口されることで、エンジンEの燃焼室に供給される。また、第6電動流量調整弁V6が閉口され、かつ、圧力調整弁V7が開口されるとともに、電動三方弁Vcが流路切替動作されると、循環流路Jが第2流体混合器M2と連通される。この場合、水混合燃料は、循環流路J内で循環されるとともに、複数回にわたって第2流体混合器M2で混合・撹拌されて、分散質である水滴の所望の微細化が図られる。
The mixed fluid in which a desired water addition ratio is obtained is introduced into the second fluid mixer M2 through the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 by the electric pump P by opening the fifth electric flow control valve V5. Is done. In the second fluid mixer M2, water as a dispersoid is refined to an average water particle size of 500 nm to 1 μm to form fine water particles, and is uniformized in the mixed fuel oil as a dispersion medium. Thus, water-mixed fuel is generated. The generated water-mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E by appropriately opening the sixth electric flow control valve V6. Further, when the sixth electric flow rate adjusting valve V6 is closed, the pressure adjusting valve V7 is opened, and the electric three-way valve Vc is switched, the circulation flow channel J is connected to the second fluid mixer M2. Communicated. In this case, the water-mixed fuel is circulated in the circulation channel J and mixed and stirred by the second fluid mixer M2 a plurality of times, so that the desired water droplets that are dispersoids are refined.
[他実施形態についての説明]
他実施形態として、水に代えて廃水を適用することで廃水混合燃料を生成することもできる。すなわち、廃水混合燃料は、排ガス処理に使用するスクラバ装置(洗浄集塵装置)において、スクラバ処理(洗浄集塵処理)後に生成される廃水を水として使用している。スクラバ装置は、図3に示す後述の廃水混合燃料生成・供給システム(以下、「生成・供給システム」と略称することもある。)Sに備えられている。 [Description of Other Embodiments]
As another embodiment, wastewater mixed fuel can be generated by applying wastewater instead of water. That is, the wastewater mixed fuel uses wastewater generated after scrubber treatment (cleaning dust collection processing) as water in a scrubber device (cleaning dust collection device) used for exhaust gas treatment. The scrubber device is provided in a wastewater mixed fuel generation / supply system (hereinafter also abbreviated as “generation / supply system”) S shown in FIG.
他実施形態として、水に代えて廃水を適用することで廃水混合燃料を生成することもできる。すなわち、廃水混合燃料は、排ガス処理に使用するスクラバ装置(洗浄集塵装置)において、スクラバ処理(洗浄集塵処理)後に生成される廃水を水として使用している。スクラバ装置は、図3に示す後述の廃水混合燃料生成・供給システム(以下、「生成・供給システム」と略称することもある。)Sに備えられている。 [Description of Other Embodiments]
As another embodiment, wastewater mixed fuel can be generated by applying wastewater instead of water. That is, the wastewater mixed fuel uses wastewater generated after scrubber treatment (cleaning dust collection processing) as water in a scrubber device (cleaning dust collection device) used for exhaust gas treatment. The scrubber device is provided in a wastewater mixed fuel generation / supply system (hereinafter also abbreviated as “generation / supply system”) S shown in FIG.
生成・供給システムSでは、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水Wwを廃棄処理することなく、混合燃料油と混合・撹拌することで、廃水混合燃料を生成することができる。その結果、廃水Wwを廃棄処理する手間や費用を削減することができるとともに、廃水Wwを有効利用することができる。
In the production / supply system S, waste water mixed fuel can be produced by mixing / stirring with the mixed fuel oil without discarding the waste water Ww produced after the scrubber treatment. As a result, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of disposing the waste water Ww, and to effectively use the waste water Ww.
この際、スクラバ処理の溶媒として水道水を使用した場合、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水Wwには、排ガス中に含まれる有機物及び無機物が混入される。そのため、生成された廃水混合燃料を燃焼させると、さらに硫酸が発生することや、廃水混合燃料の硫黄分濃度が高くなることが予測される。
At this time, when tap water is used as the solvent for the scrubber treatment, the waste water Ww generated after the scrubber treatment is mixed with organic substances and inorganic substances contained in the exhaust gas. Therefore, when the produced wastewater mixed fuel is burned, it is predicted that sulfuric acid is further generated and that the sulfur content concentration of the wastewater mixed fuel is increased.
その場合には、廃水Wwと燃料油との混合・撹拌時に硫酸を発生(脱硫)させることで、廃水混合燃料中の硫黄分濃度を低減させることができる。また、スクラバ処理の溶媒として水酸化ナトリウム水を使用することで、廃水WwのpH値を上昇させることが可能である。また、スクラバ処理の溶媒として石灰水を使用することで、窒素酸化物や硫黄酸化物が混入した石膏として捕集することが可能である。これらより、混合燃料油中の硫黄分濃度を0.1%以下となるように設定することで、廃水混合燃料からの硫酸の発生もしくは廃水混合燃料中の硫黄分濃度を大幅に削減することができる。
In that case, the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be reduced by generating sulfuric acid (desulfurization) when mixing and stirring the wastewater Ww and the fuel oil. Moreover, it is possible to raise the pH value of waste water Ww by using sodium hydroxide water as a solvent of a scrubber process. Further, by using lime water as a solvent for scrubber treatment, it is possible to collect gypsum mixed with nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides. Therefore, by setting the concentration of sulfur in the mixed fuel oil to be 0.1% or less, the generation of sulfuric acid from the wastewater mixed fuel or the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be significantly reduced. it can.
より具体的に生成・供給システムSの構成を説明すると、生成・供給システムSは、図3に示すように、燃焼装置としての内燃機関であるエンジンEに設けた排気口に排気流路9の基端部を接続している。排気流路9の中途部には、電動三方調整弁Vc1を介して排ガス再循環流路Jrの基端部を接続している。エンジンEから排気流路9を通して排出された排気(排ガス)の一部は、電動三方調整弁Vc1により排ガス再循環流路Jrに流入させている。一方、エンジンEに設けた吸気口に吸気流路10の先端部を接続している。吸気流路10の中途部には、排ガス再循環流路Jrの先端部を接続している。
The configuration of the generation / supply system S will be described more specifically. As shown in FIG. 3, the generation / supply system S includes an exhaust passage 9 in an exhaust port provided in an engine E that is an internal combustion engine as a combustion device. The base end is connected. A base end portion of the exhaust gas recirculation passage Jr is connected to the middle portion of the exhaust passage 9 through an electric three-way regulating valve Vc1. A part of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the engine E through the exhaust passage 9 is caused to flow into the exhaust gas recirculation passage Jr by the electric three-way regulating valve Vc1. On the other hand, the front end of the intake passage 10 is connected to an intake port provided in the engine E. The front end of the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is connected to the midway portion of the intake flow path 10.
排気再循環手段A1は、排気再循環流路Jrと、排気再循環流路Jrの中途部に設けた排気再循環ポンプPaと、を具備している。排ガス再循環ポンプPaを駆動させることにより、排ガス再循環流路Jrを通してエンジンEから排出された排気(排ガス)の一部は、エンジンEに吸入させて再循環させるようにしている。
The exhaust gas recirculation means A1 includes an exhaust gas recirculation channel Jr and an exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa provided in the middle of the exhaust gas recirculation channel Jr. By driving the exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa, a part of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the engine E through the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is sucked into the engine E and recirculated.
このように構成した生成・供給システムSには、排気再循環システム(Exhaust Gas Recirculation:EGR)を形成しており、排気(排ガス)の一部を吸気に戻すことで、エンジンEの燃焼室内部の酸素濃度を低減させている。これにより燃焼温度を下げることができるため、NOX(窒素酸化物)の生成量を抑制(低減)することができる。
The generation / supply system S configured as described above forms an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. By returning a part of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) to the intake air, the combustion chamber inside the engine E The oxygen concentration is reduced. Thereby, since the combustion temperature can be lowered, the amount of NO x (nitrogen oxide) produced can be suppressed (reduced).
しかも、排気再循環流路Jrの中途部には、排気再循環ポンプPaの上流側に位置させて、湿式排ガス浄化手段としてのスクラバ装置Skを設けている。スクラバ装置Skは、水等の液体を洗浄液(処理水)として、排気中の粒子(SOxや煤塵等)を洗浄液の液滴や液膜中で捕集して分離する装置である。スクラバ装置Skでは、排気再循環流路Jr内を流動する排気(排ガス)を処理水に気液接触させることで、浄化処理した浄化処理済ガスを生成して、浄化処理済ガスと吸気とを混合し、混合気体を吸気流路の下流側部を通してエンジンEの吸気口に送気するとともに、排気(排ガス)中のダストを捕捉した処理済液を廃水Wwとなしている。
In addition, a scrubber device Sk as wet exhaust gas purification means is provided in the middle of the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr, and is positioned upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa. The scrubber device Sk is a device that collects and separates particles (SOx, dust, etc.) in the exhaust gas in a cleaning liquid droplet or liquid film using a liquid such as water as a cleaning liquid (treated water). In the scrubber device Sk, exhaust gas (exhaust gas) flowing in the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is brought into gas-liquid contact with the treated water to generate a purified gas that has been purified, and the purified gas and the intake air are combined. The mixed gas is sent to the intake port of the engine E through the downstream side of the intake flow path, and the treated liquid that captures the dust in the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) is used as waste water Ww.
スクラバ装置Skは、生成装置Aの水タンクT3に代えて、生成装置Aに接続している。すなわち、スクラバ装置Skは、廃水供給流路としての廃水流出パイプ4aを介して混合燃料流出パイプ5の先端部と接続している。第2流体混合器M2内には、廃水流出パイプ4aと混合燃料流出パイプ5をそれぞれ通して廃水Wwと混合燃料油が供給されるようにしている。第2流体混合器M2内に供給された廃水Wwと混合燃料油は、第2流体混合器M2により混合・撹拌されて、混合燃料が生成されるようにしている。生成した廃水混合燃料は、エンジンEの燃焼室に供給されるようにしている。
The scrubber device Sk is connected to the generating device A instead of the water tank T3 of the generating device A. That is, the scrubber device Sk is connected to the tip end portion of the mixed fuel outflow pipe 5 via the wastewater outflow pipe 4a as a wastewater supply channel. In the second fluid mixer M2, waste water Ww and mixed fuel oil are supplied through a waste water outflow pipe 4a and a mixed fuel outflow pipe 5, respectively. The waste water Ww and the mixed fuel oil supplied into the second fluid mixer M2 are mixed and stirred by the second fluid mixer M2, so that a mixed fuel is generated. The generated wastewater mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E.
廃水Wwと混合する混合燃料油は、粘度の比較的小さい主燃料油と、粘度の比較的大きい副燃料油とを混合したものである。主・副燃料油の混合重量割合は、水混合燃料の場合と同様である。つまり、副燃料油は、主燃料油の重量の30%以下の重量割合となし、例えば、主燃料油としては、軽油やA重油やバイオ燃料を使用する一方、副燃料油としては、C重油や石炭油(具体的には、クレオソート油等)を使用することができる。
The mixed fuel oil to be mixed with the waste water Ww is a mixture of a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity. The mixing weight ratio of the main and auxiliary fuel oil is the same as in the case of water-mixed fuel. That is, the auxiliary fuel oil has a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil. For example, the main fuel oil uses light oil, A heavy oil or biofuel, while the auxiliary fuel oil uses C heavy oil. Or coal oil (specifically, creosote oil or the like) can be used.
廃水Wwの積算体積の80%の水粒径は、第2流体混合器M2により10μm以下、望ましくは、1μm以下となるように微細化している。より望ましくは、平均水粒径が500nm~1μmとなるように微細化している。混合燃料油と廃水Wwの体積比は、水混合燃料の場合と同様に、70:30となすのが望ましい。
The water particle size of 80% of the accumulated volume of the waste water Ww is refined by the second fluid mixer M2 so as to be 10 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. More desirably, the fine particles are refined so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 μm. The volume ratio of the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww is desirably 70:30, as in the case of the water mixed fuel.
生成・供給システムSでは、スクラバ装置Skにおいて生成された廃水Wwと、燃料油供給部としての主・副燃料油タンクT1,T2から供給された主・副燃料油とを、第2流体混合器M2により混合・撹拌して廃水混合燃料を生成し、生成した廃水混合燃料をエンジンEの燃焼室に供給するようにしているため、廃水Wwを廃水混合燃料の一部として有効利用することができる。そのため、廃水Wwを廃棄処理する廃棄処理装置を不要として、その分、システムの構築コストを低減させることができる。
In the production / supply system S, the waste water Ww produced in the scrubber device Sk and the main / sub fuel oils supplied from the main / sub fuel oil tanks T1, T2 as fuel oil supply units are second fluid mixers. Since the waste water mixed fuel is generated by mixing and stirring by M2, and the generated waste water mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E, the waste water Ww can be effectively used as a part of the waste water mixed fuel. . This eliminates the need for a waste disposal device that disposes of waste water Ww, thereby reducing the system construction cost.
そして、粘度の比較的小さい主燃料油に、粘度の比較的大きい副燃料油を添加して混合することで、主燃料油よりも粘度が増大した混合燃料油となすことができて、この混合燃料油と、それに混合する廃水Wwと、の粘度差を増大させることができる。そのため、混合燃料油と廃水Wwを混合・撹拌した際には、混合燃料油が廃水Wwに作用するせん断応力が増加されて、廃水Wwの微細化が促進される。したがって、第2流体混合器M2により混合燃料油と廃水Wwを混合・撹拌することで、ナノレベル化(水粒径が1μm以下)された水粒を含む廃水混合燃料を堅実に生成することができる。
Then, by adding and mixing the auxiliary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity to the main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity higher than that of the main fuel oil can be obtained. The difference in viscosity between the fuel oil and the waste water Ww mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww are mixed and stirred, the shear stress that the mixed fuel oil acts on the waste water Ww is increased, and the refinement of the waste water Ww is promoted. Therefore, by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww by the second fluid mixer M2, it is possible to steadily generate a waste water mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 μm or less). it can.
しかも、廃水Wwを、その積算体積の80%の水粒径が1μm以下となるように微細化することで、NOx濃度が低減されるとともに、燃費が改善される。
Moreover, by reducing the waste water Ww so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated volume is 1 μm or less, the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved.
さらには、廃水Wwを、その平均水粒径が500nm~1μmとなるように微細化することで、NOx濃度の低減率と燃費の改善を良好に実現することができる。ここで、平均水粒径が1μm以下においては、NOx濃度の低減率が悪化する一方、燃費は向上する。つまり、NOx濃度の低減率と燃費は、トレードオフの関係にあると言えるが、平均水粒径が500nm以上においては、NOx濃度の適度な低減率と燃費の改善を実現することができる。また、混合燃料油と廃水Wwの体積比は、70:30となすことで、燃費を大幅に改善することができる。
Furthermore, by reducing the waste water Ww so that the average water particle size becomes 500 nm to 1 μm, the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be realized well. Here, when the average water particle size is 1 μm or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized. Moreover, fuel consumption can be improved significantly by the volume ratio of mixed fuel oil and waste water Ww being set to 70:30.
水混合燃料は,式(1)に示すように,水性ガス反応と呼ばれる吸熱反応を伴い、水のミクロ爆発から燃焼温度を低下できる。さらに、燃料と空気の接触面積が飛躍的に増加することから、式(2)および式(3)に示すように、燃焼性が改善され全体の熱量が増加し、水添加による燃焼性が改善されるものである。これらは、拡散燃焼もしくは蒸発燃焼の燃焼形態が、水の効果を左右させるものと推測される。
As shown in Equation (1), the water-mixed fuel is accompanied by an endothermic reaction called a water gas reaction, and the combustion temperature can be lowered from a micro explosion of water. Furthermore, since the contact area between the fuel and air increases dramatically, as shown in equations (2) and (3), the combustibility is improved and the overall heat quantity is increased, and the combustibility by adding water is improved. It is what is done. It is presumed that the combustion mode of diffusion combustion or evaporative combustion determines the effect of water.
[実験装置]
(1)第1流体混合器M1
第1流体混合器M1としては、特許第3623044(図1~図6)に開示されている「撹拌装置」である(株)ナノクス製の「ラモンドスターラー」(商品名)を採用した。 [Experimental device]
(1) First fluid mixer M1
As the first fluid mixer M1, “Ramond Stirrer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is the “stirring device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3623044 (FIGS. 1 to 6), was adopted.
(1)第1流体混合器M1
第1流体混合器M1としては、特許第3623044(図1~図6)に開示されている「撹拌装置」である(株)ナノクス製の「ラモンドスターラー」(商品名)を採用した。 [Experimental device]
(1) First fluid mixer M1
As the first fluid mixer M1, “Ramond Stirrer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is the “stirring device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3623044 (FIGS. 1 to 6), was adopted.
(2)第2流体混合器M2
第2流体混合器M2としては、特許第3884095号(図15~図23)に開示されている「流体混合装置」である(株)ナノクス製の「ラモンドナノミキサー」(商品名)を採用した。この「ラモンドナノミキサー」は、均一混合が難しいとされる高粘度液・異相分散系で、より力を発揮できるものである。 (2) Second fluid mixer M2
As the second fluid mixer M2, “Ramond Nanomixer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is a “fluid mixing device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23) is adopted. did. This “Ramond nanomixer” is a high-viscosity liquid / heterophasic dispersion system in which uniform mixing is difficult, and can exert more power.
第2流体混合器M2としては、特許第3884095号(図15~図23)に開示されている「流体混合装置」である(株)ナノクス製の「ラモンドナノミキサー」(商品名)を採用した。この「ラモンドナノミキサー」は、均一混合が難しいとされる高粘度液・異相分散系で、より力を発揮できるものである。 (2) Second fluid mixer M2
As the second fluid mixer M2, “Ramond Nanomixer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is a “fluid mixing device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23) is adopted. did. This “Ramond nanomixer” is a high-viscosity liquid / heterophasic dispersion system in which uniform mixing is difficult, and can exert more power.
(3)排ガス分析器
排ガスの分析は、テスト製testo 350を用いた。計測は、NO、NO2、SO2、CO(ppmv)、CO2、O2(%)である。排ガスの一部(約0.9L/min)を吸引させた。 (3) Exhaust gas analyzer For the analysis of exhaust gas, testo 350 made by test was used. The measurement is NO, NO 2 , SO 2 , CO (ppmv), CO 2 , O 2 (%). A part of the exhaust gas (approximately 0.9 L / min) was sucked.
排ガスの分析は、テスト製testo 350を用いた。計測は、NO、NO2、SO2、CO(ppmv)、CO2、O2(%)である。排ガスの一部(約0.9L/min)を吸引させた。 (3) Exhaust gas analyzer For the analysis of exhaust gas, testo 350 made by test was used. The measurement is NO, NO 2 , SO 2 , CO (ppmv), CO 2 , O 2 (%). A part of the exhaust gas (approximately 0.9 L / min) was sucked.
(4)ディーゼルエンジン
エンジンの諸元を図4に一覧表にして示す。クボタ製EA14-NBを用いた。EA14-NBは、直接噴射式1気筒4サイクルディーゼルエンジンであり,ボアが94mm,ストローク90mm、すなわち、624cc,定格出力が2600rpm時に11.5PSである。 (4) Diesel engine The engine specifications are listed in FIG. Kubota EA14-NB was used. EA14-NB is a direct-injection one-cylinder four-cycle diesel engine with a bore of 94 mm, a stroke of 90 mm, that is, 624 cc, and a rated output of 11.5 PS at 2600 rpm.
エンジンの諸元を図4に一覧表にして示す。クボタ製EA14-NBを用いた。EA14-NBは、直接噴射式1気筒4サイクルディーゼルエンジンであり,ボアが94mm,ストローク90mm、すなわち、624cc,定格出力が2600rpm時に11.5PSである。 (4) Diesel engine The engine specifications are listed in FIG. Kubota EA14-NB was used. EA14-NB is a direct-injection one-cylinder four-cycle diesel engine with a bore of 94 mm, a stroke of 90 mm, that is, 624 cc, and a rated output of 11.5 PS at 2600 rpm.
[実験方法]
界面活性剤(乳化剤)を用いない生成装置Aによる生成手法は、A重油とC重油を第1流体混合器M1により混合して混合燃料となし、その後に、混合燃料に水(水道水)を第2流体混合器M2により混合して生成した。エンジン負荷は25%、50%、75%の3パターンで,回転数は2600回転で固定とした。 [experimental method]
The production method by the production apparatus A that does not use a surfactant (emulsifier) is to mix A heavy oil and C heavy oil by the first fluid mixer M1 to make a mixed fuel, and then add water (tap water) to the mixed fuel. It was produced by mixing with the second fluid mixer M2. The engine load was 3 patterns of 25%, 50% and 75%, and the rotation speed was fixed at 2600 rpm.
界面活性剤(乳化剤)を用いない生成装置Aによる生成手法は、A重油とC重油を第1流体混合器M1により混合して混合燃料となし、その後に、混合燃料に水(水道水)を第2流体混合器M2により混合して生成した。エンジン負荷は25%、50%、75%の3パターンで,回転数は2600回転で固定とした。 [experimental method]
The production method by the production apparatus A that does not use a surfactant (emulsifier) is to mix A heavy oil and C heavy oil by the first fluid mixer M1 to make a mixed fuel, and then add water (tap water) to the mixed fuel. It was produced by mixing with the second fluid mixer M2. The engine load was 3 patterns of 25%, 50% and 75%, and the rotation speed was fixed at 2600 rpm.
[燃料の性状]
燃料の性状について、図5に一覧表にして示す。動粘度は、A重油が約2.587mm2/sに対し、C重油は約154mm2/sと非常に高いことが分かる。A重油66.5%に対しC重油を3.5%、すなわち、重油燃料比5%混合、すなわち、動粘度が約10.2mm2/s(50℃)と推測できる。さらに、水が混合することで、粘度が約20mm2/s(50℃)まで上昇することが考えられるが、A重油専用、すなわち、ボア180mm以下のディーゼル機関に対応できるものと考えられる。 [Fuel properties]
The properties of the fuel are listed in FIG. Kinematic viscosity, to fuel oil A of about 2.587mm 2 / s, C heavy oil, it is seen very high and about 154 mm 2 / s. It can be estimated that C heavy oil is 3.5% with respect to 66.5% of A heavy oil, that is, 5% of heavy oil fuel ratio is mixed, that is, kinematic viscosity is about 10.2 mm 2 / s (50 ° C.). Furthermore, it is considered that the viscosity increases to about 20 mm 2 / s (50 ° C.) by mixing water, but it is considered that it can be used only for A heavy oil, that is, a diesel engine having a bore of 180 mm or less.
燃料の性状について、図5に一覧表にして示す。動粘度は、A重油が約2.587mm2/sに対し、C重油は約154mm2/sと非常に高いことが分かる。A重油66.5%に対しC重油を3.5%、すなわち、重油燃料比5%混合、すなわち、動粘度が約10.2mm2/s(50℃)と推測できる。さらに、水が混合することで、粘度が約20mm2/s(50℃)まで上昇することが考えられるが、A重油専用、すなわち、ボア180mm以下のディーゼル機関に対応できるものと考えられる。 [Fuel properties]
The properties of the fuel are listed in FIG. Kinematic viscosity, to fuel oil A of about 2.587mm 2 / s, C heavy oil, it is seen very high and about 154 mm 2 / s. It can be estimated that C heavy oil is 3.5% with respect to 66.5% of A heavy oil, that is, 5% of heavy oil fuel ratio is mixed, that is, kinematic viscosity is about 10.2 mm 2 / s (50 ° C.). Furthermore, it is considered that the viscosity increases to about 20 mm 2 / s (50 ° C.) by mixing water, but it is considered that it can be used only for A heavy oil, that is, a diesel engine having a bore of 180 mm or less.
[実験結果および考察]
図6に、水混合燃料の顕微鏡撮影結果を示す。a)は、界面活性剤2%混入させたA重油エマルジョン燃料、また、b)は、界面活性剤を不要としたC重油水混合燃料、また、c)は、C重油を添加したA重油水混合燃料である。 [Experimental results and discussion]
FIG. 6 shows the microscopic results of the water-mixed fuel. a) is A heavy oil emulsion fuel mixed with 2% surfactant, b) C heavy oil / water mixed fuel which does not require surfactant, and c) A heavy oil water with C heavy oil added. It is a mixed fuel.
図6に、水混合燃料の顕微鏡撮影結果を示す。a)は、界面活性剤2%混入させたA重油エマルジョン燃料、また、b)は、界面活性剤を不要としたC重油水混合燃料、また、c)は、C重油を添加したA重油水混合燃料である。 [Experimental results and discussion]
FIG. 6 shows the microscopic results of the water-mixed fuel. a) is A heavy oil emulsion fuel mixed with 2% surfactant, b) C heavy oil / water mixed fuel which does not require surfactant, and c) A heavy oil water with C heavy oil added. It is a mixed fuel.
平均水粒径は、a)が2μm,b)が100nm,c)が1μmである。a)とc)を比べると、C重油を添加することで水粒径が安定したと言える。これは、b)でみられるように、水と重油の粘度差が混合性に大きく関係していると予測されることから、C重油の添加により粘度が上昇したことで、界面活性剤が不要となったと言える。
The average water particle size is 2 μm for a), 100 nm for b), and 1 μm for c). Comparing a) and c), it can be said that the water particle size was stabilized by adding C heavy oil. This is because the difference in viscosity between water and heavy oil is expected to be greatly related to the mixing property, as seen in b). It can be said that it became.
[エンジンの基本性能]
実験結果を図7に示す。a)は、A重油の実験結果、また、b)は、C重油の実験結果である。 [Basic engine performance]
The experimental results are shown in FIG. a) is the experimental result of A heavy oil, and b) is the experimental result of C heavy oil.
実験結果を図7に示す。a)は、A重油の実験結果、また、b)は、C重油の実験結果である。 [Basic engine performance]
The experimental results are shown in FIG. a) is the experimental result of A heavy oil, and b) is the experimental result of C heavy oil.
A重油は、NOX濃度が5.8~6.72g/kWhと多少の増減が確認でき、CO、CO2およびSO2濃度が負荷の増加で減少する傾向にあった。2000rpm以上のディーゼルエンジンはIMO2次規制の排出量が7.7g/kWh以下であることからIMO2次規制に対応したエンジンと言える。次に、C重油は、NOX濃度が4.98~5.75g/kWhとA重油に比べて低い値となった。また、難燃油であることから、CO、CO2濃度が非常に多く、さらに硫黄分濃度がA重油に比べ約3倍となったことから、濃度も2倍~3倍増加した。これは、燃料油中の硫黄分の一部がPM(particulate matter)になることが要因である。
The heavy oil A showed a slight increase or decrease in the NO X concentration of 5.8 to 6.72 g / kWh, and the CO, CO 2 and SO 2 concentrations tended to decrease with increasing load. A diesel engine of 2000 rpm or higher can be said to be an engine that complies with the IMO secondary regulation because the emission amount of the IMO secondary regulation is 7.7 g / kWh or less. Then, C heavy oil, NO X concentration becomes a value lower than the 4.98 ~ 5.75 g / kWh and A heavy oil. In addition, since it is a flame retardant oil, the concentration of CO and CO 2 was very high, and the concentration of sulfur was about 3 times that of heavy fuel oil A, so the concentration also increased 2 to 3 times. This is because part of the sulfur content in the fuel oil becomes PM (particulate matter).
図8に燃費の一覧表を示す。燃料消費量は、次の通りであった。A重油は、負荷25%の場合が0.950kg/h、すなわち、449.2g/kWh、負荷50%の場合が1.290kg/h、すなわち、305.1g/kWh、負荷75%の場合が1.809kg/h、すなわち、285.2g/kWhであった。C重油は、負荷25%の場合が1.224kg/h、すなわち、579.1g/kWh、負荷50%の場合が1.622kg/h、すなわち、383.4g/kWh、負荷75%の場合が2.250kg/h、すなわち、354.7g/kWhであった。
Fig. 8 shows a list of fuel consumption. The fuel consumption was as follows. Heavy oil A is 0.950 kg / h when the load is 25%, that is, 449.2 g / kWh, 1.290 kg / h when the load is 50%, that is, 305.1 g / kWh, and the load is 75%. It was 1.809 kg / h, that is, 285.2 g / kWh. C heavy oil is 1.224kg / h at 25% load, ie 579.1g / kWh, 1.622kg / h at 50% load, ie 383.4g / kWh, 75% load. It was 2.250 kg / h, that is, 354.7 g / kWh.
[水混合燃料の実験結果]
A重油66.5%、C重油3.5%、水30%の水混合燃料の実験結果を、図9に示す。この燃料を混合油水混合燃料と呼ぶこととする。NOXにおいて、負荷25%では、約40%の低減であったものの、負荷が増加することで60%以上の低減が見られた。SO2が40%程度増加しているが、C重油添加による影響であり、さらに、CO2濃度が顕著に増加している。これらから、水添加による排出がなされていることが言える。 [Experimental results of water-mixed fuel]
FIG. 9 shows the experimental results of a water-mixed fuel of 66.5% A heavy oil, 3.5% C heavy oil, and 30% water. This fuel is called a mixed oil / water mixed fuel. In NO X , when the load was 25%, the reduction was about 40%, but as the load increased, a reduction of 60% or more was observed. Although SO 2 has increased by about 40%, it is due to the addition of C heavy oil, and the CO 2 concentration has increased significantly. From these, it can be said that discharge by water addition is made.
A重油66.5%、C重油3.5%、水30%の水混合燃料の実験結果を、図9に示す。この燃料を混合油水混合燃料と呼ぶこととする。NOXにおいて、負荷25%では、約40%の低減であったものの、負荷が増加することで60%以上の低減が見られた。SO2が40%程度増加しているが、C重油添加による影響であり、さらに、CO2濃度が顕著に増加している。これらから、水添加による排出がなされていることが言える。 [Experimental results of water-mixed fuel]
FIG. 9 shows the experimental results of a water-mixed fuel of 66.5% A heavy oil, 3.5% C heavy oil, and 30% water. This fuel is called a mixed oil / water mixed fuel. In NO X , when the load was 25%, the reduction was about 40%, but as the load increased, a reduction of 60% or more was observed. Although SO 2 has increased by about 40%, it is due to the addition of C heavy oil, and the CO 2 concentration has increased significantly. From these, it can be said that discharge by water addition is made.
図10に燃料消費量を一覧表にして示す。図8と比べると、混合油水混合燃料は、10%以上燃費が改善できている。また、低負荷時においても燃費改善が見られ、水粒径が小さくなったことが大きな要因であると言える。
Fig. 10 shows a list of fuel consumption. Compared with FIG. 8, the mixed oil / water mixed fuel can improve the fuel efficiency by 10% or more. In addition, it can be said that the fuel consumption is improved even at low load, and that the water particle size is reduced.
[考察]
A重油にC重油を5%添加することで粘度が向上し、界面活性剤(乳化剤)を不要とした燃料が開発できた。しかしながら、硫黄分濃度が増加し、SO2の増加が懸念される。この点、石炭油は、硫黄分濃度が0.5%と低く、C重油と同様に非常に粘度が高いことから、石炭油の活用が期待できる。 [Discussion]
By adding 5% C heavy oil to A heavy oil, the viscosity was improved, and a fuel that did not require a surfactant (emulsifier) could be developed. However, there is a concern that the sulfur concentration increases and SO 2 increases. In this respect, coal oil has a low sulfur content concentration of 0.5% and has a very high viscosity like C heavy oil, so that utilization of coal oil can be expected.
A重油にC重油を5%添加することで粘度が向上し、界面活性剤(乳化剤)を不要とした燃料が開発できた。しかしながら、硫黄分濃度が増加し、SO2の増加が懸念される。この点、石炭油は、硫黄分濃度が0.5%と低く、C重油と同様に非常に粘度が高いことから、石炭油の活用が期待できる。 [Discussion]
By adding 5% C heavy oil to A heavy oil, the viscosity was improved, and a fuel that did not require a surfactant (emulsifier) could be developed. However, there is a concern that the sulfur concentration increases and SO 2 increases. In this respect, coal oil has a low sulfur content concentration of 0.5% and has a very high viscosity like C heavy oil, so that utilization of coal oil can be expected.
[結言]
本実験は、以下の実験成果を得た。
1.A重油にC重油を5%添加することで粘度が向上し、界面活性剤を不要とした燃料が開発できた。
2.混合油水混合燃料は約70%低減されており、IMO3次規制レベルまで排ガス低減でき、さらに燃費が約10%程度低減できた。 [Conclusion]
In this experiment, the following experimental results were obtained.
1. By adding 5% C heavy oil to A heavy oil, the viscosity was improved and a fuel that did not require a surfactant could be developed.
2. The mixed oil / water mixed fuel was reduced by about 70%, and the exhaust gas was reduced to the IMO tertiary regulation level, and the fuel consumption was reduced by about 10%.
本実験は、以下の実験成果を得た。
1.A重油にC重油を5%添加することで粘度が向上し、界面活性剤を不要とした燃料が開発できた。
2.混合油水混合燃料は約70%低減されており、IMO3次規制レベルまで排ガス低減でき、さらに燃費が約10%程度低減できた。 [Conclusion]
In this experiment, the following experimental results were obtained.
1. By adding 5% C heavy oil to A heavy oil, the viscosity was improved and a fuel that did not require a surfactant could be developed.
2. The mixed oil / water mixed fuel was reduced by about 70%, and the exhaust gas was reduced to the IMO tertiary regulation level, and the fuel consumption was reduced by about 10%.
A 生成装置
M1 第1流体混合器
M2 第2流体混合器
1 主燃料油流出パイプ
2 副燃料油流出パイプ
3 混合燃料導入パイプ
4 水流出パイプ
5 混合燃料流出パイプ
6 水混合燃料導入パイプ
7 水混合燃料導出パイプ
8 水混合燃料循環パイプ A generator M1 first fluid mixer M2 secondfluid mixer 1 main fuel oil outflow pipe 2 sub fuel oil outflow pipe 3 mixed fuel introduction pipe 4 water outflow pipe 5 mixed fuel outflow pipe 6 water mixed fuel introduction pipe 7 water mixing Fuel outlet pipe 8 Water-mixed fuel circulation pipe
M1 第1流体混合器
M2 第2流体混合器
1 主燃料油流出パイプ
2 副燃料油流出パイプ
3 混合燃料導入パイプ
4 水流出パイプ
5 混合燃料流出パイプ
6 水混合燃料導入パイプ
7 水混合燃料導出パイプ
8 水混合燃料循環パイプ A generator M1 first fluid mixer M2 second
Claims (8)
- 粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで混合燃料油となし、
この混合燃料油と水を混合して、乳化剤を用いることなく生成したことを特徴とする水混合燃料。 A mixed fuel oil is obtained by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
A water-mixed fuel produced by mixing the mixed fuel oil and water without using an emulsifier. - 副燃料油は、主燃料油の重量の30%以下の重量割合となしたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の水混合燃料。 2. The water-mixed fuel according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary fuel oil has a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
- 主燃料油としては、軽油やA重油を使用する一方、副燃料油としては、C重油や石炭油を使用することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の水混合燃料。 The water-mixed fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein light oil or A heavy oil is used as the main fuel oil, while C heavy oil or coal oil is used as the auxiliary fuel oil.
- 水は、その積算体積の80%の水粒径が1μm以下となるように微細化したことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の水混合燃料。 The water-mixed fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water is refined so that a water particle size of 80% of its accumulated volume is 1 µm or less.
- 水は、その平均水粒径が500nm~1μmとなるように微細化したことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の水混合燃料。 The water-mixed fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water is refined to have an average water particle size of 500 nm to 1 µm.
- 混合燃料油と水の重量比は、70:30となしたことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の水混合燃料。 The water-mixed fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil to water is 70:30.
- 水としては、排ガス処理に使用するスクラバ装置において、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水を使用したことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の廃水混合燃料。 The wastewater mixed fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that wastewater generated after scrubber treatment is used in a scrubber device used for exhaust gas treatment.
- 粘度の比較的低い主燃料油を供給する主燃料供給部と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油を供給する副燃料供給部と、主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合で混合して混合燃料油となす第1流体混合部と、添加水を供給する添加水供給部と、混合燃料油と添加水を一定の割合で混合して水混合燃料となす第2流体混合部と、を具備していることを特徴とする水混合燃料生成装置。 A main fuel supply unit that supplies a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, a sub fuel supply unit that supplies a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and a main fuel oil and a sub fuel oil are mixed and mixed at a certain ratio. A first fluid mixing unit configured as fuel oil, an added water supply unit configured to supply additional water, and a second fluid mixing unit configured to mix the mixed fuel oil and the additional water at a certain ratio to form water mixed fuel. A water-mixed fuel generating device characterized by comprising:
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JP2017197683A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | 敦好 ▲高▼山 | Emulsion fuel, method for producing the same and production device therefor |
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JPS5134905A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-03-25 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | YUCHUSUITE KIGATAJUSHITSUYUE MARUJONNENRYO |
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JP2008081740A (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-04-10 | Sg Engineering Kk | Method for producing emulsion fuel by mixing water and combustible oil in fine particle state, device for producing emulsion fuel and emulsion fuel |
JP2009079071A (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-04-16 | Toshiba Plant Systems & Services Corp | System and method for manufacturing emulsion fuel |
JP2011148866A (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-08-04 | Nanomizer Pte Ltd | Emulsion fuel and method for producing the same |
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JPS5134905A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-03-25 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | YUCHUSUITE KIGATAJUSHITSUYUE MARUJONNENRYO |
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JPS52142705A (en) * | 1976-05-25 | 1977-11-28 | Mitsubishi Oil Co Ltd | Emulsified fuels of water-ib-oil type |
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JP2008081740A (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-04-10 | Sg Engineering Kk | Method for producing emulsion fuel by mixing water and combustible oil in fine particle state, device for producing emulsion fuel and emulsion fuel |
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JP2011148866A (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-08-04 | Nanomizer Pte Ltd | Emulsion fuel and method for producing the same |
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