JP2011001533A - Apparatus for synthesizing emulsion fuel - Google Patents

Apparatus for synthesizing emulsion fuel Download PDF

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JP2011001533A
JP2011001533A JP2009164211A JP2009164211A JP2011001533A JP 2011001533 A JP2011001533 A JP 2011001533A JP 2009164211 A JP2009164211 A JP 2009164211A JP 2009164211 A JP2009164211 A JP 2009164211A JP 2011001533 A JP2011001533 A JP 2011001533A
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fuel
oil
water
combustion
emulsion fuel
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Toshihiko Abe
利彦 阿部
Kazumi Yashima
和美 八島
Yoshinobu Yashima
芳信 八島
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IFG Corp
Nippon Sozai KK
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for producing emulsion fuel mixed with fuel oil and water finely and homogeneously without using a surfactant, a stirring device, or an ultrasonic-generating device.SOLUTION: An apparatus for synthesizing emulsion fuel emulsifies fuel oil and water using cavitation generated by a shear flow occurred by jetting the fuel oil of an amount necessary for combustion and the water of a definite ratio from a compound nozzle, and combusts instantly, and, in addition, reduces a fuel cost and purifies exhaust gas by adjusting a compounding ratio of the fuel and the water according to a condition of combustion.

Description

本発明は、複合ノズルから噴出する際に生じるキャビテーションによって、液体燃料に水を微細均一分散させたエマルジョン燃料を連続的に合成し、燃焼効率の向上と、CO、NOX、SOX、パーチクル(スス)の排出を減少させるものである。
本方法は製造したエマルジョン燃料を即時に燃焼させるので、貯蔵に伴う油水分離の問題が発生しない。
The present invention continuously synthesizes an emulsion fuel in which water is finely and uniformly dispersed in liquid fuel by cavitation generated when ejected from a composite nozzle, thereby improving combustion efficiency, CO 2 , NOX, SOX, particles (soot). ) Emissions.
Since the produced emulsion fuel is burned immediately, the oil-water separation problem associated with storage does not occur.

燃料費の高騰と、地球環境問題の高まりから、優れた省エネ技術の開発が求められている。とりわけ大量の燃料油を消費するボイラー、内燃機関などの装置は燃焼効率のさらなる向上と、排気ガスの浄化が求められている。  Due to soaring fuel costs and increasing global environmental problems, development of excellent energy-saving technologies is required. In particular, devices such as boilers and internal combustion engines that consume a large amount of fuel oil are required to further improve combustion efficiency and purify exhaust gas.

石油燃料の完全燃焼にはその14倍の体積の空気を必要とする。現実の燃焼では燃料油と空気の混合が十分に行えないので、不完全燃焼を防ぐために理論量よりも多くの空気吹き込みがなされる。この過剰な空気は、燃焼熱を排気ガスとして放出するために30%程度の燃料が無駄に消費されている。  The complete combustion of petroleum fuel requires 14 times the volume of air. In actual combustion, fuel oil and air cannot be mixed sufficiently, so that more air is blown than the theoretical amount in order to prevent incomplete combustion. About 30% of the fuel is wasted in the excess air in order to release combustion heat as exhaust gas.

燃焼効率を上げて有害な排気ガス成分を減少させるために、ノズル形状を改良して燃料油を微細に噴霧し、空気との接触面積を増すための技術開発が行われてきた。この場合にも、燃料油を完全燃焼させるために過剰空気は不可欠であって、そのための熱損失は不可避である。  In order to increase combustion efficiency and reduce harmful exhaust gas components, technological development has been carried out to improve the nozzle shape and finely spray fuel oil to increase the contact area with air. Again, excess air is indispensable for complete combustion of the fuel oil, and heat loss is inevitable.

燃料油を微細分散して燃焼効率を上げるために、電場を印加する、超音波を使うなど多くの試みが成されてきた。中でも燃料油に水を添加すると燃焼時に水が破裂して、燃料油が微細分散するので燃焼効率が向上することは、古くから良く知られている。この方法は燃料油と水をできるだけ細かく均一に分散させる必要がある。そのために燃料油と水をエマルジョン化(乳化)する試みが広く行われており、その多くは界面活性剤を必用としている(特許文献1)。    Many attempts have been made to apply an electric field and to use ultrasonic waves in order to finely disperse fuel oil and increase combustion efficiency. In particular, it has been well known for a long time that when water is added to fuel oil, the water bursts during combustion and the fuel oil is finely dispersed, so that the combustion efficiency is improved. This method requires fuel oil and water to be dispersed as finely and uniformly as possible. Therefore, attempts to emulsify (emulsify) fuel oil and water are widely performed, and many of them require a surfactant (Patent Document 1).

界面活性剤は高価なために、混合助剤を用いずに燃料油と水を混合する試みがなされている(特許文献2,3、4)。界面活性剤を使用せずに水と油をエマルジョン化する装置に超音波燃料改質装置がある。これは超音波が生じるキャビテーションのエネルギーにより油と水を微粉砕してエマルジョン化するものである(非特許文献1)。この超音波装置を用いる種々のエマルジョン燃料合成装置が提案されている(特許文献5)。
一方、高価で大掛かりな圧電式の超音波発生装置を用いないキャビテーション発生方式もある。そのような例として、本発明の出願者は連続する複数のノズルに高速流を流入させ、ノズル間で激しいキャビテーションを起こすことでマイクロバブルを発生する装置を既に特許出願している(特許文献6)。
Since surfactants are expensive, attempts have been made to mix fuel oil and water without using a mixing aid (Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4). There is an ultrasonic fuel reformer as an apparatus for emulsifying water and oil without using a surfactant. In this method, oil and water are finely pulverized and emulsified by cavitation energy generated by ultrasonic waves (Non-patent Document 1). Various emulsion fuel synthesizing apparatuses using this ultrasonic apparatus have been proposed (Patent Document 5).
On the other hand, there is a cavitation generation method that does not use an expensive and large-scale piezoelectric ultrasonic generator. As such an example, the applicant of the present invention has already filed a patent application for an apparatus that generates microbubbles by causing a high-speed flow to flow into a plurality of continuous nozzles and causing severe cavitation between the nozzles (Patent Document 6). ).

日本工業出版 超音波テクノ「燃料油改質装置」、Vol.4 No.9(1992)1P.22−25Nippon Kogyo Publishing Ultrasonic Techno "Fuel Oil Reformer", Vol. 4 No. 9 (1992) 1P. 22-25 特許第3877078号Japanese Patent No. 3,877,078 特開昭和57−92616号公報JP-A-57-92616 特開平5−157221号公報JP-A-5-157221 特開平10−185183号公報JP-A-10-185183 特開2008−63548号公報JP 2008-63548 A 特願2007−322590号公報Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-322590

界面活性剤を用いてエマルジョン燃料を作製するには長時間の攪拌必要とする。このために多量のエマルジョン燃料を一度に作って貯え、それを燃焼する方式が取られている。この場合、界面活性剤が高価であることに加えて、エマルジョンを保存中に油水分離が不可避的に起きるので、均一な燃焼を維持することができないことが、エマルジョン燃料の普及を妨げる問題となっている。
超音波装置を用いると連続的にエマルジョン燃料を作製できるが、装置が高価である、余分の電力を消費する、不快な騒音を発するなどの問題がある。界面活性剤も超音波を用いない機械的な攪拌方法は、油と水の微細均一分散が困難なために実用化されていない。
Producing an emulsion fuel using a surfactant requires a long stirring time. For this purpose, a method is used in which a large amount of emulsion fuel is produced and stored at one time and then burned. In this case, in addition to the expensive surfactant, oil-water separation inevitably occurs during storage of the emulsion, and the inability to maintain uniform combustion is a problem that hinders the spread of emulsion fuel. ing.
When an ultrasonic device is used, emulsion fuel can be continuously produced. However, there are problems such as an expensive device, extra power consumption, and unpleasant noise. A mechanical stirring method that does not use ultrasonic waves as a surfactant has not been put to practical use because fine and uniform dispersion of oil and water is difficult.

以上の課題に関し本発明は、せん断流式を用いることで、複合ノズルから噴出する際に生じる強力なキャビテーション作用を利用することにより、
1)燃焼に必要な量の燃料油と、一定比率の水を、加圧して同一のノズルを通過させることによりエマルジョン化し、即時にこれを燃焼させることを特徴とするエマルジョン燃料合成装置。
2)合成したエマルジョン燃料の燃焼温度、あるいは排気ガス濃度に応じて、燃料油の量および水の比率を連続的に制御するマルジョン燃料製造装置、を提供する。
The present invention relates to the above problems by utilizing the strong cavitation action that occurs when jetting from a composite nozzle by using the shear flow method.
1) An emulsion fuel synthesizing apparatus characterized in that an amount of fuel oil necessary for combustion and a certain ratio of water are emulsified by being pressurized and passed through the same nozzle, and immediately combusted.
2) A marsion fuel production apparatus for continuously controlling the amount of fuel oil and the ratio of water according to the combustion temperature of the synthesized emulsion fuel or the exhaust gas concentration.

また本発明は
3)燃料油が重油、軽油、灯油、または鉱物油、植物油およびそれらの廃油であるエマルジョン燃料製造装置、を提供する。
The present invention also provides 3) an emulsion fuel production apparatus in which the fuel oil is heavy oil, light oil, kerosene, or mineral oil, vegetable oil and waste oil thereof.

本発明はキャビテーションの作用によって、燃料油と水からエマルジョン燃料を連続して作製し、タンクに貯蔵することなく即座に燃焼させる。また、燃焼ガス温度、排気ガス組成をリアルタイムで測定して、燃焼状態に応じて燃料油の量、添加する水の比率を自動的に調整する。これによって従来、エマルジョン燃料の最大の欠点とされていた「油水分離に起因する発熱量の変動」をなくし、常に最適な燃焼状態を維持することができる。また、製造したエマルジョン燃料を貯蔵するタンクが不要なので装置が小型化でき、大型攪拌機を使わないので電気使用量が少ない利点がある。さらにエマルジョン燃料の大きな問題である(特に寒冷時の)着火性の悪さは、燃料油と水の混合比率を最適に制御することによって、問題を回避できる。  In the present invention, emulsion fuel is continuously produced from fuel oil and water by the action of cavitation, and is immediately burned without being stored in a tank. In addition, the combustion gas temperature and the exhaust gas composition are measured in real time, and the amount of fuel oil and the ratio of water to be added are automatically adjusted according to the combustion state. This eliminates the “fluctuation of the calorific value due to oil-water separation” that has been regarded as the biggest drawback of the emulsion fuel, and can always maintain an optimal combustion state. Moreover, since the tank for storing the produced emulsion fuel is unnecessary, the apparatus can be miniaturized and there is an advantage that the amount of electricity used is small because a large agitator is not used. Furthermore, the poor ignitability (especially during cold weather), which is a major problem with emulsion fuel, can be avoided by optimally controlling the mixing ratio of fuel oil and water.

キャビテーションを起こすためのキャビテーションエマルジョン合成器の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the cavitation emulsion synthesizer for raising cavitation. エマルジョン燃料合成装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of an emulsion fuel synthesizing | combining apparatus.

燃料油と水を均一に混合してエマルジョン燃料化するために図1のキャビテーションエマルジョン合成器を作製した。この装置に流入する燃料と水の混合流入液5は第1ノズル2と第2ノズル3を通過する際に、両ノズルの隙間で激しいキャビテーションを起こしてエマルジョン化する。この時、吸気孔4から吸い込まれた空気がマイクロバブルとなってエマルジョン燃料に均一に分散する。  A cavitation emulsion synthesizer as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared in order to uniformly mix fuel oil and water into an emulsion fuel. When the mixed influent 5 of the fuel and water flowing into the apparatus passes through the first nozzle 2 and the second nozzle 3, it causes severe cavitation in the gap between the two nozzles and emulsifies. At this time, the air sucked from the intake holes 4 becomes microbubbles and is uniformly dispersed in the emulsion fuel.

こうして製造したエマルジョン燃料は油中に直径10μmの水滴が均一に分散しており、短時間で油水分離しないことを確認して、燃焼実験を行った。  The emulsion fuel thus produced was subjected to a combustion experiment after confirming that water droplets having a diameter of 10 μm were uniformly dispersed in the oil and that oil-water separation was not performed in a short time.

次に、本願発明の詳細を実施例に基づいて説明する。なお、この実施例は当業者の理解を容易にするためのものである。すなわち、本願発明は明細書の全体に記載される技術思想によってのみ限定されるものであり、本実施例によってのみ限定されるものでないことは理解されるべきことである。  Next, details of the present invention will be described based on examples. This embodiment is intended to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. That is, it should be understood that the present invention is limited only by the technical idea described in the entirety of the specification, and is not limited only by this embodiment.

(実施例1)
図2の流量計9の指示値に基づいて、燃料タンク1からの軽油と、水タンク2からの水が体積比3:1になるように電磁バルブ10を調節した。この混合液をポンプ11によって0.2MPaの圧力でキャビテーションエマルジョン合成器12に流入させた。こうして製造したエマルジョン燃料をボイラー13に噴霧すると、ボイラー備え付けのトーチによって容易に発火し、勢い良く燃焼した。温度センサー14によって燃焼炎の温度を測定し、その値により電磁バルブ10の開きを調節した。この結果、長時間にわたって安定した燃焼が持続することを確認した。
このような、安定した燃焼状態は軽油と水の比率を1:1とした場合にも持続することを確認した。エマルジョン燃料が燃焼する場合は、過剰な空気吹き込みなしでススの発生はなかった。しかし、水タンクの電磁バルブ10を閉じて、軽油のみの燃焼をさせると、多量のススが発生した。
Example 1
Based on the indicated value of the flow meter 9 in FIG. 2, the electromagnetic valve 10 was adjusted so that the light oil from the fuel tank 1 and the water from the water tank 2 were in a volume ratio of 3: 1. This mixed solution was caused to flow into the cavitation emulsion synthesizer 12 by a pump 11 at a pressure of 0.2 MPa. When the thus produced emulsion fuel was sprayed on the boiler 13, it was easily ignited by the torch equipped with the boiler and burned vigorously. The temperature of the combustion flame was measured by the temperature sensor 14, and the opening of the electromagnetic valve 10 was adjusted according to the measured value. As a result, it was confirmed that stable combustion continued for a long time.
It was confirmed that such a stable combustion state persisted even when the ratio of light oil to water was 1: 1. When the emulsion fuel burned, no soot was generated without excessive air blowing. However, when the electromagnetic valve 10 of the water tank was closed and only light oil was burned, a large amount of soot was generated.

燃料油を燃焼させるボイラーに本装置を使用すると、燃料使用量の削減とそれに伴うCO排出量を削減できる。水添加による均一燃焼の結果、NOXとススも大幅に減少するのでディーゼルエンジンに適用すると排ガスを浄化して環境改善に寄与できる。When this apparatus is used in a boiler that burns fuel oil, it is possible to reduce the amount of fuel used and the accompanying CO 2 emissions. As a result of uniform combustion due to the addition of water, NOX and soot are also greatly reduced, so when applied to a diesel engine, exhaust gas can be purified to contribute to environmental improvement.

1:キャビテーションエマルジョン合成器
2:第1ノズル
3:第2ノズル
4:吸気孔
5:燃料と水の混合流入液
6:エマルジョン燃料
7:燃料タンク
8:水タンク
9:流量計
10:電磁バルブ
11:ポンプ
12:キャビテーションエマルジョン合成器
13:ボイラー
14:排ガス分析センサー類
15:制御用パソコン
1: Cavitation emulsion synthesizer 2: First nozzle 3: Second nozzle 4: Intake hole 5: Fuel and water mixed influent 6: Emulsion fuel 7: Fuel tank 8: Water tank 9: Flow meter 10: Electromagnetic valve 11 : Pump 12: Cavitation emulsion synthesizer 13: Boiler 14: Exhaust gas analysis sensor 15: PC for control

Claims (3)

燃焼に必要な量の燃料油と、一定比率の水を、加圧して同一のノズルを通過させ、キャビテーションを起こすことによりエマルジョン化し、即時にこれを燃焼させることを特徴とするエマルジョン燃料合成装置。  An emulsion fuel synthesizing apparatus characterized in that fuel oil in an amount necessary for combustion and a certain amount of water are pressurized and passed through the same nozzle, emulsified by causing cavitation, and immediately combusted. 合成したエマルジョン燃料の燃焼温度、あるいは排気ガス濃度に応じて、燃料油の量および水の比率を連続的に制御する請求項1のエマルジョン燃料製造装置。  2. The emulsion fuel production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the amount of fuel oil and the ratio of water are continuously controlled according to the combustion temperature of the synthesized emulsion fuel or the exhaust gas concentration. 燃料油が重油、軽油、灯油、または鉱物油、植物油およびそれらの廃油である請求項1のエマルジョン燃料製造装置。  The emulsion fuel production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fuel oil is heavy oil, light oil, kerosene, or mineral oil, vegetable oil and waste oil thereof.
JP2009164211A 2009-06-22 2009-06-22 Apparatus for synthesizing emulsion fuel Pending JP2011001533A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2016059717A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-21 株式会社エコプラナ Hydrocarbon-fuel production method and hydrocarbon-fuel production apparatus
WO2016059716A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-21 株式会社エコプラナ Cavitation generation device, and petroleum processing device using same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016059717A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-21 株式会社エコプラナ Hydrocarbon-fuel production method and hydrocarbon-fuel production apparatus
WO2016059716A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-21 株式会社エコプラナ Cavitation generation device, and petroleum processing device using same
JPWO2016059716A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2017-08-03 株式会社エコプラナ Cavitation generator and oil processing apparatus using the same
JPWO2016059717A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2017-09-21 株式会社エコプラナ Method and apparatus for producing hydrocarbon fuel

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