WO2007086178A1 - Objectif à infrarouge, appareil de prise de vue à infrarouge et vision nocturne - Google Patents

Objectif à infrarouge, appareil de prise de vue à infrarouge et vision nocturne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007086178A1
WO2007086178A1 PCT/JP2006/322195 JP2006322195W WO2007086178A1 WO 2007086178 A1 WO2007086178 A1 WO 2007086178A1 JP 2006322195 W JP2006322195 W JP 2006322195W WO 2007086178 A1 WO2007086178 A1 WO 2007086178A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
infrared
configuration
infrared lens
groups
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2006/322195
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tatsuya Izumi
Chihiro Hiraiwa
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2006020411A external-priority patent/JP4631728B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2006065401A external-priority patent/JP4631753B2/ja
Application filed by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. filed Critical Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Priority to EP06823099A priority Critical patent/EP1980888A4/fr
Priority to US11/919,754 priority patent/US7738169B2/en
Priority to CN2006800144834A priority patent/CN101167008B/zh
Publication of WO2007086178A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007086178A1/fr
Priority to US12/687,622 priority patent/US7911688B2/en
Priority to US13/017,755 priority patent/US8085465B2/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
    • G02B1/041—Lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
    • G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
    • G02B13/0035—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having three lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B9/00—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or -
    • G02B9/12—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having three components only
    • G02B9/14—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having three components only arranged + - +
    • G02B9/16—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having three components only arranged + - + all the components being simple

Definitions

  • Infrared lens Infrared lens, infrared camera and night vision
  • the present invention relates to an infrared lens (particularly a far infrared lens), an infrared camera, and night vision.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-295505
  • zinc sulfide compared to force germanium, which is a low-cost lens material, zinc sulfide generally has a large increase in light loss due to increased thickness in the far-infrared wavelength region (8-12 m). (See, for example, FIG. 152).
  • the wavelength range of 10 m or more it is known that the light loss due to internal absorption of the material is larger than the light loss due to surface reflection, and the transmittance is greatly reduced.
  • human recognition is determined by processing the image obtained by the infrared camera, and it is necessary to obtain an image with sufficient resolution to improve the recognition performance. .
  • the thickness of the lens is large (the thickness of the entire lens reaches about 14 mm), and no consideration is given to making the lens thin. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain an infrared image that can withstand practical use as night vision. Also, the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) obtained by the configuration of the embodiment is not sufficient, and there is a problem in terms of imaging performance.
  • MTF Modulation Transfer Function
  • the distortion force becomes large in a wide-angle region (a region where the viewing angle is 20 ° or more, for example).
  • the infrared lens described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the processing cost of the lens is high because the lens is formed by cutting. [0007] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an infrared lens suitable for night vision with a low-cost configuration and a bright image and high imaging performance, and related technology. Means for solving the problem
  • the object side force also includes at least first and second lens groups in order, and the first and second lens groups have positive refractive power, Each of the first and second lens groups has at least one lens formed of zinc sulfate.
  • At least one lens surface provided in the first or second lens group is a diffractive surface. Infrared lens.
  • At least one of the surfaces constituting the first lens group is an aspheric surface. lens.
  • the object-side force also includes first, second, and third lens groups in order, and the first to third lens groups have positive refractive power, and the first The third lens group has at least one lens formed of zinc sulfide, and
  • Each of the first to third lens groups is constituted by a single positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the object side.
  • At least one lens surface provided in the first to third lens groups is a diffractive surface.
  • at least one of the surfaces of the positive meniscus lens constituting the first lens group is an aspherical surface.
  • the object-side force also includes first, second, and third lens groups in order, and the first to third lens groups have positive refractive power, and the first
  • the third lens group has at least one lens made of zinc sulfate, and the first and third lens groups are one positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the object side.
  • the second lens group is composed of a single negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image side.
  • the tenth invention is characterized in that, in the infrared lens according to the ninth aspect, at least any one lens surface provided in the first to third lens groups is a diffractive surface. Infrared lens.
  • At least one of the shifted surfaces of the positive meniscus lens constituting the first lens group is an aspherical surface.
  • any one of the first to twelfth infrared lenses at least one lens provided in the first to third lens groups uses a lens-shaped mold.
  • the zinc raw material powder is formed by hot compression molding.
  • the outer diameters Rd of all the lenses included in the first to third lens groups are expressed by the following relational expression:
  • the infrared lens according to the sixteenth aspect of the invention is the infrared ray lens according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects, in particular, a lens located closest to the object side in the first lens group.
  • the surface is coated with a super-hard film.
  • An infrared camera includes the infrared ray lens according to any one of the first to sixteenth aspects, and an imaging element that picks up an image formed by the infrared lens. It is characterized by that.
  • a night vision comprising the infrared camera according to the seventeenth aspect and a display element that displays an image captured by the infrared camera is configured.
  • all the lenses are formed of zinc sulfate with low material cost, and the entire lens is configured by at least the first and second lens groups having positive refractive power. Therefore, it is possible to improve the imaging performance while minimizing the thickness of each lens and suppressing the loss of light quantity when passing through the lens.
  • a line lens can be provided.
  • the chromatic aberration which is likely to cause a problem in the infrared lens, can be effectively improved by the diffraction surface.
  • the aberration can be effectively improved by providing the aspherical surface in the lens constituting the first lens group that has a large aperture and is likely to cause spherical aberration.
  • the lenses constituting the first lens group have the largest diameter, when the aspherical surface is provided in the first lens group, the intensity of the aspheric shape change (degree of undulation) is provided in other lens groups. It is possible to reduce the size compared to the above, and the force is easy in terms of mold fabrication and lens processing.
  • the entire lens is constituted by three positive meniscus lenses having a convex surface facing the object side.
  • An image forming performance can be improved while suppressing a loss of light amount, and an infrared lens having a high image forming performance with a bright image can be provided with a low-cost configuration.
  • the chromatic aberration that tends to cause a problem in the infrared lens can be effectively improved by the diffraction surface.
  • the aberration can be effectively improved by providing the aspherical surface on the lens constituting the first lens group having a large aperture and easily generating spherical aberration.
  • the lenses constituting the first lens group have the largest diameter, an aspheric surface is provided in the first lens group, so that the intensity of the aspheric shape change (degree of undulation) is provided in other lens groups. It can be made smaller compared to the other, and processing is easy in terms of mold fabrication and lens processing.
  • the eighth invention while adopting a compact configuration, the entire wavelength range of infrared rays received for imaging (for example, 8 to 12 m) in the entire range within a predetermined viewing angle of the infrared lens. ) Sufficient imaging performance (for example, MTFO. 2 or higher) can be obtained.
  • the first and third lens groups are a single piece with a convex surface facing the object side.
  • Each lens is composed of a positive meniscus lens
  • the second lens group is composed of a single negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image side. It is possible to improve the imaging performance while suppressing the loss of light amount when passing through the lens, and to provide an infrared lens having a high imaging performance that brightens the image with a low-cost configuration. Further, by suppressing the thickness of the entire lens as compared with a conventional zinc oxide lens, it is possible to reduce the lens cost and the light amount loss during the lens transmission.
  • the chromatic aberration which is likely to cause a problem in the infrared lens, can be effectively improved by the diffraction surface.
  • the aberration can be effectively improved by providing the aspherical surface in the lens constituting the first lens group having a large aperture and easily generating spherical aberration.
  • the lenses constituting the first lens group have the largest diameter, an aspheric surface is provided in the first lens group, so that the intensity of the aspheric shape change (degree of undulation) is provided in other lens groups. It can be made smaller compared to the other, and processing is easy in terms of mold fabrication and lens processing.
  • the entire wavelength range of infrared rays received for imaging (for example, 8 to 12 m) in the entire range within a predetermined viewing angle of the infrared lens. ) Sufficient imaging performance (for example, MTFO. 2 or higher) can be obtained.
  • the material cost and the cover cost of the infrared lens can be greatly reduced.
  • the compression force of the press mechanism can be suppressed when a lens is formed by hot compressing zinc sulfide raw material powder using a lens-shaped mold.
  • the equipment cost for the lens can be reduced.
  • the fifteenth invention when a lens is formed by hot compressing zinc sulfide raw material powder using a lens-shaped mold, while ensuring moldability during hot compression molding, It is possible to realize an infrared lens with a small thickness and reduced light loss when transmitting through the lens.
  • the coating by applying the coating, the transmission characteristics can be improved, or the lens surface can be protected against external environmental forces.
  • the seventeenth invention it is possible to provide an infrared camera suitable for in-vehicle use because it is possible to obtain a high-resolution, bright and high-contrast image, which is advantageous for downsizing.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 1-1 of an infrared lens according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics when the image height is 0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 5.3 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 Graph showing the MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height in the configuration of Fig. 1 is 5.3 °.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 6.4 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 Graph showing the MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 6.4 ° in the configuration of Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 7.5 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 7.5 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing astigmatism characteristics in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing distortion characteristics in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIGS. 14 (a) to 14 (e) show transverse aberration characteristics corresponding to the respective image heights in the configuration of FIG. It is a graph which shows.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 1-2 of the infrared lens according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG.
  • FIG. 18 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics when the image height is 0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 19 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 6.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 20 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 6.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 21 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 7.5 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 22 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 7.5 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 23 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 8.5 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 24 is a graph showing the MTF characteristic (tangential) when the image height is 8.5 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 25 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph showing astigmatism characteristics in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 27 is a graph showing distortion characteristics in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 28 (a) to FIG. 28 (e) are graphs showing transverse aberration characteristics corresponding to image heights in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 1-3 of the infrared lens according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 29.
  • FIG. 31 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 29.
  • FIG. 32 is a graph showing MTF characteristics when the image height is 0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 33 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 5.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 34 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 5.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 35 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 6.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 36 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 6.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 37 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 7.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 38 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 7.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 39 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 29.
  • FIG. 40 is a graph showing astigmatism characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 29.
  • FIG. 41 is a graph showing distortion characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 29.
  • FIG. 42 (a) and FIG. 42 (e) are graphs showing transverse aberration characteristics corresponding to image heights in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 43 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 1-4 of an infrared lens.
  • FIG. 44 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 43.
  • 45 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 43.
  • FIG. 46 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 1-5 of an infrared lens.
  • FIG. 47 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 46.
  • FIG. 48 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspheric lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 46.
  • FIGS. 49 (a) to 49 (c) are tables showing MTF characteristics and the like of Examples 1-5, 1-3, 1-1.
  • FIG. 50 (a) and FIG. 50 (b) are tables showing MTF characteristics and the like of Examples 1-2 and 1-4.
  • FIG. 51 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 2-1 of an infrared lens according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 52 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 51.
  • FIG. 53 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 51.
  • FIG. 54 is a graph showing MTF characteristics when the image height is 0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 55 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 10.9 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 56 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 10.9 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG.57 A graph showing the MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 12.15 ° in the configuration of Fig.51.
  • FIG. 58 is a graph showing the MTF characteristic (tangential) when the image height is 12.15 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 59 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 15.34 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 60 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 15.34 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 61 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 51.
  • FIG. 61 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 51.
  • FIG. 63 is a graph showing distortion characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 51.
  • FIG. 65 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 2-2 of the infrared lens according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 66 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 65.
  • FIG. 67 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 65.
  • FIG. 68 is a graph showing MTF characteristics when the image height is 0 ° in the configuration of FIG. 65.
  • FIG. 69 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 11.1 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG.70 Shows MTF characteristics (tangential) at an image height of 11.1 ° in the configuration of Fig.65. It is a graph.
  • FIG. 71 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 12.7 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 72 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 12.7 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 73 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 16.2 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 74 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 16.2 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 75 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 65.
  • FIG. 76 is a graph showing the astigmatism characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 65.
  • FIG. 77 is a graph showing distortion characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 65.
  • FIG. 78 is a graph showing transverse aberration characteristics corresponding to each image height in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 79 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 2-3 of the infrared lens according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 80 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 79.
  • FIG. 81 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 79.
  • FIG. 82 is a graph showing MTF characteristics when the image height is 0 ° in the configuration of FIG. 79.
  • FIG. 83 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 11.0 ° in the configuration of FIG. 79.
  • FIG. 84 is a graph showing the MTF characteristic (tangential) when the image height is 11.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 85 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 12.5 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 86 is a graph showing the MTF characteristic (tangential) when the image height is 12.5 ° in the configuration of FIG. 79.
  • FIG. 87 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 16.0 ° in the configuration of FIG. 79.
  • Fig.88 A graph showing the MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 16.0 ° in the configuration of Fig.79.
  • FIG. 89 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 79.
  • FIG. 90 is a graph showing astigmatism characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 79.
  • FIG. 91 is a graph showing distortion characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 79.
  • FIG. 93 is a view showing a structure of Example 2-4 of an infrared lens.
  • FIG. 94 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 93.
  • FIG. 95 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 93.
  • FIG. 96 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 2-5 of an infrared lens.
  • FIG. 97 is a diagram showing a surface shape, a surface interval, and an aperture radius of each lens in FIG.
  • 98 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspheric lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 96.
  • FIG. 99 is a view showing a table summarizing MTF characteristics and the like of Examples 2-5, 2-3, and 2-1.
  • FIG. 100 is a view showing a table summarizing MTF characteristics and the like of Examples 2-2 and 2-4.
  • FIG. 101 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 3-1 of an infrared lens according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 102 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 101.
  • FIG. 103 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 101.
  • FIG. 104 is a graph showing the MTF characteristic when the image height is 0 ° in the configuration of FIG. 101.
  • FIG.105 A graph showing the MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 10.5 ° in the configuration of Fig.101.
  • FIG. 106 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 10.5 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 107 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 12.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG.109 A graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) at the image height of 15.0 ° in the configuration of Fig. 101. It is rough.
  • FIG. 110 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 15.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • 111 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 101.
  • 112 is a graph showing astigmatism characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 101.
  • 113 is a graph showing distortion characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 101.
  • ⁇ 114] is a graph showing transverse aberration characteristics corresponding to each image height in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 115 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 3-2 of the infrared lens according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 115 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 3-2 of the infrared lens according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • 116 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface interval, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 115.
  • 117 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 118 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics when the image height is 0 ° in the configuration of FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 118 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics when the image height is 0 ° in the configuration of FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 119 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 10.5 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 120 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 10.5 ° in the configuration of FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 121 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 12.0 ° in the configuration of FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 122 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 12.0 ° in the configuration of FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 123 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 15.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 124 is a graph showing an MTF characteristic (tangential) when the image height is 15.0 ° in the configuration of FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 125 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 125 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 126 is a graph showing astigmatism characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 126 is a graph showing astigmatism characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 127 is a graph showing distortion characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 115.
  • FIG. 127 is a graph showing distortion characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 115.
  • ⁇ 128] is a graph showing transverse aberration characteristics corresponding to each image height in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 129 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 3-3 of the infrared lens according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 130 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface spacing, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 129.
  • FIG. 130 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface spacing, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 129.
  • FIG. 131 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspheric lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 129.
  • FIG. 131 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspheric lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 129.
  • FIG.133 This is a graph showing the MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 10.5 ° in the configuration of Fig.129.
  • FIG. 134 is a graph showing the MTF characteristic (tangential) when the image height is 10.5 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 135 is a graph showing the MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 12.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 136 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 12.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 137 This is a graph showing the MTF characteristics (sagittal) when the image height is 15.0 ° in the configuration of Fig. 129.
  • FIG. 138 is a graph showing MTF characteristics (tangential) when the image height is 15.0 ° in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 139 is a graph showing spherical aberration characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 129.
  • FIG. 140 is a graph showing astigmatism characteristics in the configuration in FIG. 129.
  • FIG. 141 is a graph showing distortion characteristics in the configuration of FIG. 129.
  • ⁇ 142 is a graph showing transverse aberration characteristics corresponding to image heights in the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 143 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 3-4 of an infrared lens.
  • FIG. 144 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface spacing, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 143.
  • FIG. 145 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 143.
  • FIG. 145 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspherical lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 143.
  • FIG. 146 is a diagram showing a configuration of Example 3-5 of an infrared lens.
  • FIG. 147 is a diagram showing the surface shape, surface spacing, and aperture radius of each lens in FIG. 146.
  • FIG. 148 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspheric lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 146.
  • FIG. 148 is a diagram showing shape parameters of the aspheric lens and the diffractive lens in FIG. 146.
  • FIG. 149 is a view showing a table summarizing MTF characteristics and the like of Examples 3-5, 3-3, and 3-1.
  • FIG. 150 is a chart showing a table summarizing MTF characteristics and the like of Examples 3-2 and 3-4.
  • FIG. 151 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of night vision.
  • FIG. 152 is a graph showing the relationship between the infrared wavelength and transmittance of a zinc sulfate lens (without AR coating) for several lens thicknesses.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention A basic configuration of an infrared lens according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Here, only the basic configuration of the infrared lens la in FIG. 1 will be described, and a more detailed configuration will be described later as an example.
  • the infrared lens la includes first to third lenses L1 to L3 formed of zinc sulfide in order from the object side.
  • the first to third lenses L1 to L3 are positive meniscus lenses having a convex surface facing the object side, and these first to third lenses L1 to L3 respectively represent the first to third lens groups according to the present invention. It is composed.
  • the light (infrared rays) transmitted through the lenses L1 to L3 enters the light receiving surface of the image sensor Id through the infrared transmitting window Fi and forms an image on the light receiving surface.
  • each lens group may be configured by using two or more lenses, and each lens group may be configured by using one lens L1 to L3 to form the first to third lens groups.
  • the number of lenses in the lens group may be different from each other.
  • the infrared lens la is composed of three positive meniscus lenses in which all the lenses L1 to L3 are formed of zinc sulfide, which is inexpensive in material cost, and the force is directed toward the object side. Therefore, it is possible to improve the imaging performance while suppressing the loss of light quantity when transmitting through the lens by reducing the thickness of each lens L1 to L3, and the image is bright with a low-cost configuration. It has become possible to provide a high-performance infrared lens la. In addition, by suppressing the thickness of the entire lens compared to the conventional zinc sulfide lens, it is possible to reduce the light loss when transmitting through the lens!
  • the concave surface (image side surface) of the first lens L1 is a diffractive surface, which easily becomes a problem for the infrared lens la and can effectively improve chromatic aberration! /
  • a diffractive surface on the first lens L1 which requires a large refractive power and is likely to generate chromatic aberration
  • the effect of improving chromatic aberration by providing the diffractive surface can be maximized.
  • the diffractive surface on the image side surface of the first lens L1 it is possible to prevent the diffractive surface from being exposed to the external environment and dust from being attached to the diffractive surface.
  • At least one of the convex surface and the concave surface of the first lens L1 is an aspherical surface.
  • the concave surface of the first lens L1 and the convex surface (object side surface) of the third lens are aspherical surfaces, and the other lens surfaces are spherical surfaces.
  • the F value of the infrared lens la is set to about 0.8 to 1.2.
  • the infrared lens la has the following relational expression:
  • this infrared lens la can be combined with an imaging element Id having a pixel pitch of 25 m and a pixel size of 320 ⁇ 240 to obtain an infrared image with high resolution.
  • the first to third lenses L1 to L3 having such a configuration are formed as follows. That is, by using hot compression molding of zinc sulfide raw material powder in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (for example, vacuum, inert gas such as Ar, or a combination thereof) using a lens-shaped mold, Lenses L1 to L3, which are crystallized zinc oxide sintered bodies, are obtained. Thus, by manufacturing the lenses L1 to L3 by die molding using zinc sulfate, the material cost and the cover cost of the infrared lens la can be greatly reduced. In addition, it is possible to perform mechanical processing such as polishing and grinding on the molded lenses L1 to L3.
  • a non-oxidizing atmosphere for example, vacuum, inert gas such as Ar, or a combination thereof
  • the above zinc sulfate zinc raw material powder a powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m and a purity of 98% or more is used. Further, conditions of the hot compression molding, the temperature 900 to 1100 ° C, the pressure 150 ⁇ 800KgZcm 2 is suitable. The pressure holding time is on average 0.05-1-5 hours, and is appropriately adjusted according to the combination of temperature and pressure conditions.
  • the outer diameter and thickness of the lenses L1 to L3 are not limited.
  • the material and thickness of the coating layer are selected appropriately in consideration of the usage method, location, and situation of the infrared lens. It is.
  • the lenses L1 to L3 must have a certain thickness to ensure moldability (mechanical strength, processing accuracy, etc.) during hot compression molding using a lens-shaped mold.
  • moldability mechanical strength, processing accuracy, etc.
  • the center thickness Tm and edge thickness Te are the following relational expressions for the thicknesses of the lenses L1 to L3:
  • the image sensor Id an uncooled thermal image sensor such as a porometer, a thermo pinole, or an SOI diode having sensitivity in the 8 to 12 m band is used.
  • the force with which the image sensor Id with the number of pixels such as 160 X 120 and 320 X 240 is used The pixel pitch is narrow (for example, 2 5 m)
  • the infrared lens la has a maximum diameter of about 30 mm suitable for manufacturing.
  • Example 1-1 flZf is set to 1.10.
  • Example 1-2 flZf is set to 1.40.
  • Example 1-3 flZf is set to 1. Is set to 1.00.
  • Example 1-4 flZf was set to 1.45, and in Example 1-5, flZf was set to 0.96.
  • the infrared lens la according to Example 1-1 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, flZf is 1.10, F-number is 1.1, maximum diameter is 28.4 mm, and viewing angle is 17 °. (However, the viewing angle is the value when combined with an image sensor with a pixel pitch of 25 ⁇ m and a pixel size of 320 x 240).
  • the aspherical surface shape (diffractive surface shape) of the second and fifth surfaces shown in Fig. 3 is expressed by the following equation:
  • ⁇ is the length of the perpendicular (mm) from the point on the aspheric surface to the tangent plane that touches the vertex of the aspheric surface
  • y is the height from the optical axis (mm)
  • K is the eccentricity
  • R is the paraxial radius of curvature
  • A2, A4, A6, A8 are 2 Next, 4th, 6th and 8th order aspheric coefficients.
  • N is the refractive index
  • ⁇ is the value of the reference wavelength
  • C1 is the diffraction surface coefficient.
  • the spherical aberration and astigmatism for the wavelengths 8 m, 10 / ⁇ ⁇ , and 12 m have the characteristics shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, and the distortion has the characteristics shown in FIG. Yes.
  • the lateral aberration for wavelengths 8 m, 10 / ⁇ ⁇ , and 12 m corresponding to each image height within the viewing angle has the characteristics shown in Fig. 14 (a) and Fig. 14 (e). (In each figure, the left side corresponds to tangential and the right side corresponds to sagittal).
  • the infrared lens lb according to Example 1-2 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 15 to 17, fl / f is 1.40, F value is 1.0, the maximum diameter is 25.9 mm, and the viewing angle is 20 Set to °.
  • MTF for wavelengths 8 / ⁇ ⁇ , 10 ⁇ m, 12 / zm within the viewing angles (0 °, 6.0 °, 7.5 °, 8.5 °) in the configuration of this Example 1-2 The characteristics are as shown in Figs. Further, the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration have characteristics as shown in FIGS. 25, 27, 28 (a) to 28 (e).
  • the infrared lens lc according to Example 1-3 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 29 to 31, fl / f is 1.00, F-number is 1.1, the maximum diameter is 30. Omm, and the viewing angle is 16 Set to °.
  • MTF for wavelengths 8 / ⁇ ⁇ , 10 ⁇ m, 12 / zm within viewing angles (0 °, 5.0 °, 6.0 °, 7.0 °) in the configuration of Example 1-3 The characteristics are as shown in Figs. Further, the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration have characteristics as shown in FIG. 39, FIG. 41, and FIGS. 42 (a) to 42 (e).
  • the infrared lens Id according to Example 1-4 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 43 to 45, fl / f is 1.45, F value is 1.0, the maximum diameter is 25.9 mm, and the viewing angle is 20 Set to °. [0072] Also in the configuration of Example 1-4, the MTF characteristics for wavelengths 8 m, 10 m, and 12 m within the viewing angle (0 °, 6.0 °, 7.5 °, 8.5 °) The results are discussed below based on Fig. 50 (b).
  • the infrared lens le according to Example 1-5 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 46 to 48, fl / f is 0.96, F-number is 1.1, the maximum diameter is 28.4 mm, and the viewing angle is 17 Set to °.
  • Fig. 49 (a) to Fig. 49 (c), Fig. 50 (a) and Fig. 50 (b) show the above Examples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 and Examples 1-4, 1-5.
  • Table 1 summarizes the MTF characteristics, etc., listed in the order of Example 1-5, Example 1-3, Example 1-1, Example 1-2, and Example 1-4.
  • the MTF values in each table are values at a spatial frequency of 201p / mm. Also, in each table, from the upper side to the lower side, the MTF value at each image height within the viewing angle of wavelength 12 / ⁇ ⁇ , 10 ⁇ m, 8 / zm, and the average value of the 8-12 m MTF values Is described.
  • the flZf value should be 1.0 or more as shown in the relational expression (1) above. 1. It can be seen that it should be set within the range of 4 or less.
  • FIG. 51 the basic configuration of the infrared lens according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described.
  • the basic configuration of the infrared lens 2a in FIG. 51 will be described, and the more detailed configuration will be described later as an example.
  • the infrared lens 2a includes, in order from the object side, a first lens L1 (first lens group) and a second lens L2 (second lens) formed of zinc sulfate. Lens group) and a third lens L3 (third lens group).
  • the first lens L1 and the third lens L3 are positive meniscus lenses having a convex surface facing the object side, and have a positive refractive power.
  • the second lens L2 is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image side and has a positive refractive power.
  • each of the first to third lens groups is configured by one lens L1 to L3.
  • each lens group may be configured by using two or more lenses. It is possible to use a configuration in which the number of lenses in each lens group is different from each other.
  • all the lenses L1 to L3 are formed of zinc sulfide, which is inexpensive in material cost, and the force is also directed to two positive meniscus lenses having a convex surface on the object side and a convex surface on the image side.
  • the infrared lens 2a is composed of a single negative meniscus lens, the imaging performance can be improved while reducing the thickness of each lens L1 to L3 and suppressing the loss of light during lens transmission. It is possible to provide an infrared lens la having a low cost configuration and a bright image and high imaging performance. In addition, by suppressing the thickness of the entire lens as compared with a conventional zinc oxide lens, the loss of light quantity during lens transmission is suppressed.
  • the concave surface (image side surface: surface number 2) of the first lens L1 is a diffractive surface, which easily causes a problem in the infrared lens 2a and can effectively improve chromatic aberration. It becomes like! /
  • a diffractive surface on the first lens L1 which requires large refractive power and is prone to chromatic aberration, the effect of improving chromatic aberration due to the diffractive surface can be maximized. Has become possible.
  • the diffractive surface on the image side surface of the first lens L1 it is possible to prevent the diffractive surface from being exposed to the external environment and adhering dust or the like to the diffractive surface.
  • At least one of the convex surface and the concave surface of the first lens L1 is an aspherical surface.
  • an aspherical surface on the first lens L1 which has a large aperture and is likely to cause spherical aberration, the aberration can be effectively improved.
  • the intensity of the aspherical shape change (swelling degree) can be reduced compared to the case of providing it on other lenses. Caloe is easy in terms of lens processing.
  • the concave surface (surface number 2) of the first lens L1 is aspherical, and the other lens surfaces are spherical.
  • the F value of the infrared lens 2a is set to about 0.8 to 1.2.
  • the infrared lens 2a has the following relational expression:
  • the infrared lens 2a can be combined with an image pickup device Id having a pixel pitch of 25 ⁇ m and a pixel size of 320 ⁇ 240 to obtain an infrared image with high resolution.
  • the first to third lenses L1 to L3 having such a configuration are formed as follows. That is, by using hot compression molding of zinc sulfide raw material powder in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (for example, vacuum, inert gas such as Ar, or a combination thereof) using a lens-shaped mold, Lenses L1 to L3, which are crystallized zinc oxide sintered bodies, are obtained. Thus, by manufacturing the lenses L1 to L3 by die molding using zinc sulfate, the material cost and the cover cost of the infrared lens 2a can be greatly reduced. Note that mechanical processing such as polishing and grinding may be performed on the molded lenses L1 to L3.
  • a non-oxidizing atmosphere for example, vacuum, inert gas such as Ar, or a combination thereof
  • the above zinc sulfate zinc raw material powder a powder having an average particle size of 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m and a purity of 98% or more is used. Further, conditions of the hot compression molding, the temperature 900 to 1100 ° C, the pressure 150 ⁇ 800KgZcm 2 is suitable. The pressure holding time is on average 0.05-1-5 hours, and is appropriately adjusted according to the combination of temperature and pressure conditions.
  • the material and thickness of the coating layer at that time are appropriately selected in view of the method of use, the location, and the situation of the infrared lens.
  • the lens surface is coated with an antireflection film.
  • AR coating treatment may be performed.
  • the surface of the lens surface (surface number 1) located on the most object side of the first lens L1 is coated with an ultra-hard film such as a DLC (diamond-like carbon) film (DLC A coating treatment) may be performed.
  • DLC A coating treatment may be performed.
  • the infrared lens 2a according to the second embodiment is applied to an infrared camera for in-vehicle night vision
  • the above DLC coating treatment is extremely effective.
  • Night vision infrared cameras are usually installed in harsh environments such as the front grille of a vehicle where they are exposed to wind and rain and flying objects. Therefore, measures against scratches and dirt Environmental measures such as measures are important, and this measure can be easily realized by applying DLC coating to the outermost lens surface (surface number 1) exposed to the external environment.
  • measures such as an environmental resistance measure for infrared cameras for night vision, measures such as installing a predetermined window material in front of the outermost lens surface have been taken.
  • germanium which is mainly used as a window material
  • the cost increases.
  • the window material is additionally installed, the lens module will be enlarged as a whole.
  • the environmental resistance measures by the DLC coating process do not cause such a problem. Therefore, compared with the case of installing window materials, the cost can be reduced and the module can be downsized.
  • the configuration of the lenses L1 to L3 such as the outer diameter and thickness, It is necessary to adopt a configuration suitable for the molding.
  • the thickness of the lenses L1 to L3 a certain amount of thickness is required to ensure moldability (mechanical strength, processing accuracy, etc.) during hot compression molding using a lens-shaped mold.
  • the thickness is increased, the loss of light quantity when passing through the lens increases, and during hot compression molding, a compression force distribution is generated in the thickness direction of the lenses L1 to L3, and a refractive index distribution is easily generated in the thickness direction.
  • the center thickness Tm and the cover thickness Te are the following relational expressions:
  • the image sensor Id an uncooled thermal image sensor such as a porometer, a thermo pinole, or an SOI diode having sensitivity in the 8 to 12 m band is used.
  • the power to use the image sensor Id with the number of pixels of 160 X 120, 320 X 240, etc.
  • the infrared lens 2a is the maximum suitable for manufacturing.
  • the diameter is about 30mm.
  • Example 2-1 the fl2Zf is set to 1.25
  • Example 2-2 is the fl2Zf set to 1.75
  • Example 2-3 is the above.
  • fl2Zf is set to 1.05.
  • Example 2-4 fl2Zf is set to 1.80
  • Example 2-5 fl2Zf is set to 1.00.
  • the infrared lens 2a according to Example 2-1 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 51 to 53, fl2 / f is 1.25, F-number is 0.89, the maximum diameter is 20. Omm, and the viewing angle is 31. (However, the viewing angle is a value when combined with an image sensor with a pixel pitch of 25 ⁇ m and a pixel size of 320 x 240). Note that the aspherical surface shape (folded surface shape) of the second, fourth, fifth, and sixth surfaces shown in Fig. 53 is expressed by the following equation:
  • Z is the length (mm) of the perpendicular line drawn from the point on the aspheric surface to the plane that touches the vertex of the aspheric surface
  • y is the height (mm) from the optical axis
  • K is the eccentricity
  • R is the paraxial radius of curvature
  • A2, A4, A6, and A8 are the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth-order aspheric coefficients, respectively.
  • N is a refractive index
  • ⁇ is a reference wavelength value
  • CI and C2 are diffraction surface coefficients.
  • the spherical aberration and astigmatism for the wavelengths 8 m, 10 ⁇ m, and 12 m have the characteristics shown in FIGS. 61 and 62, and the distortion has the characteristics shown in FIG. 63. It is.
  • the lateral aberration for wavelengths 8 m, 10 / ⁇ ⁇ , and 12 m corresponding to each image height within the viewing angle has the characteristics shown in FIGS. 64 (a) to 64 (e). (In each figure, the left side corresponds to tangential and the right side corresponds to sagittal).
  • the infrared lens 2b according to Example 2-2 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 65 to 67, fl2 / f is 1.75, F-number is 1.08, the maximum diameter is 15.8 mm, and the viewing angle is 32. Set to °.
  • the MTFs for wavelengths of 8 m, 10 m, and 12 m within the viewing angles (0 °, 11.1 °, 12.7 °, 16.2 °) in the configuration of Example 2-2 are as follows: The characteristics are as shown in Figs. The spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration are shown in Fig. 75. The characteristics are as shown in FIGS. 77 and 78 (a) to 78 (e).
  • the infrared lens 2c according to Example 2-3 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 79 to 81, fl2 / f is 1.05, F-number is 1.01, the maximum diameter is 17.2mm, and the viewing angle is 32. Set to °.
  • the MTFs for wavelengths 8 m, 10 m, and 12 m within the viewing angles (0 °, 11.0 °, 12.5 °, 16.0 °) in the configuration of Example 2-3 are as follows: The characteristics are as shown in Figs. Further, the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration have the characteristics shown in FIGS. 89 to 91 and FIGS. 92 (a) to 92 (e).
  • the infrared lens 2d according to Example 2-4 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 93 to 95, fl2 / f is 1.80, F-number is 1.05, the maximum diameter is 15.8 mm, and the viewing angle is 33. Set to °.
  • the infrared lens 2e according to Example 2-5 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 96 to 98, fl2 / f is 1.00, F-number is 1.01, the maximum diameter is 17.2mm, and the viewing angle is 32. Set to °.
  • Example 2-5 Also in the configuration of Example 2-5, within the viewing angle (0 °, 11.0 °, 12.5 °, 16.0
  • Fig. 99 (a) to 99 (c), Fig. 100 (d) and Fig. 100 (e) summarize the MTF characteristics, etc. of the above Examples 2-1 to 2-5 in a table.
  • Example 2-5, Example 2-3, Example 2-1, Example 2-2, and Example 2-4 are listed in this order.
  • the MTF values in each table are the values at a spatial frequency of 201p / mm.
  • the MTF value at each image height within the viewing angle of wavelengths 12 m, 10 m, and 8 m and the average value of the 8-12 ⁇ m MTF values are listed from the upper side to the lower side. ing.
  • the MTF at a spatial frequency of 201p / mm is less than 0.2, it is empirically found that the contrast of the image is significantly reduced.
  • Example 2-4 and Example 2-5 there is a part where MTF of 0.2 or more cannot be obtained depending on the angle of view and wavelength. From this, in order to obtain an MTF of 0.2 or more at all angles and angles, the fl2Zf value should be within the range of 1.05 or more and 1.75 or less as shown in the relational expression (1) above. It turns out that it only has to be set.
  • FIG. 101 a basic configuration of the infrared lens according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described.
  • the basic configuration of the infrared lens 3a in FIG. 101 will be described, and the more detailed configuration will be described later as an example.
  • the infrared lens 2a includes, in order from the object side, a first lens L1 (first lens group) and a second lens L2 (second lens) formed of zinc sulfate. Group).
  • the first lens L1 and the second lens L2 are positive meniscus lenses having a convex surface facing the object side, and have a positive refractive power.
  • the light (infrared rays) transmitted through the lenses LI and L2 enters the light receiving surface of the image sensor Id through the infrared transmitting window Fi, and forms an image on the light receiving surface.
  • Each lens group may be configured by using two or more lenses.
  • Each lens group has a different number of lenses.
  • the lenses LI and L2 are made of low-cost material zinc sulfate. Since the infrared lens 3a is composed of two positive meniscus lenses with the convex surface facing the object side, the thickness of each lens LI, L2 is kept small, reducing the amount of light loss when transmitting through the lens. The image performance can be improved, and an infrared lens 3a having a high image formation performance can be provided with a low-cost configuration and a bright image. In addition, by suppressing the thickness of the entire lens as compared with the conventional zinc sulfide lens, the light quantity loss during lens transmission is suppressed.
  • the concave surface (image side surface: surface number 2) of the first lens L1 is a diffractive surface, which is likely to cause a problem in the infrared lens 3a and can effectively improve chromatic aberration. It becomes like! /
  • a diffractive surface on the first lens L1 which requires a large refractive power and is likely to generate chromatic aberration
  • the effect of improving chromatic aberration by providing the diffractive surface can be maximized.
  • the diffractive surface on the image side surface of the first lens L1 it is possible to prevent the diffractive surface from being exposed to the external environment and adhering dust or the like to the diffractive surface.
  • At least one of the convex surface and the concave surface of the first lens L1 is an aspherical surface.
  • the aspherical surface on the first lens L1 which has a large aperture and is likely to cause spherical aberration, the aberration can be effectively improved.
  • the aspherical shape change (swelling degree) can be reduced to other lenses.
  • the concave surface of L2 (surface number 4) is aspherical.
  • the F value of the infrared lens 3a is set to about 0.8 to 1.2.
  • the infrared lens 3a has the following relational expression:
  • fl Focal length of the first lens L1 It is configured to satisfy. By satisfying this condition, various aberrations in the field of view (including distortion in the wide-angle region) are corrected in a well-balanced manner, and a compact and bright infrared lens 3a can be easily realized. For example, if you try to make it smaller than flZ: 3 ⁇ 4l.
  • first lens L1 and the second lens L2 it is necessary to place the first lens L1 and the second lens L2 close to each other, so it becomes difficult to correct spherical aberration, and conversely, it should be larger than 1.5 If this is the case, the first lens L1 and the second lens L2 need to be arranged apart from each other, so the off-axis light beam passes through the first lens L1 at a distance away from the optical axial force. As the point aberration increases, it becomes difficult to correct distortion.
  • the infrared lens 3a can be combined with an image pickup device Id having a pixel pitch of 25 ⁇ m and a pixel size of 320 ⁇ 240 to obtain an infrared image with high resolution.
  • the first and second lenses LI and L2 having such a configuration are formed as follows.
  • the zinc sulfide raw material powder is hot compression molded in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (for example, vacuum, an inert gas such as Ar, or a combination thereof), thereby producing a polycrystalline sulfur.
  • a non-oxidizing atmosphere for example, vacuum, an inert gas such as Ar, or a combination thereof
  • the lenses LI and L2 which are zinc sintered bodies.
  • the material cost and the cover cost of the infrared lens 3a can be significantly reduced.
  • mechanical processing such as polishing and grinding may be performed on the molded lenses LI and L2.
  • the zinc sulfate zinc raw material powder a powder having an average particle size of 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m and a purity of 98% or more is used. Further, conditions of the hot compression molding, the temperature 900 to 1100 ° C, the pressure 150 ⁇ 800KgZcm 2 is suitable. The pressure holding time is on average 0.05-1-5 hours, and is appropriately adjusted according to the combination of temperature and pressure conditions.
  • the material and thickness of the single layer are appropriately selected in consideration of the usage method, location, and situation of the infrared lens.
  • a process of coating the lens surface with an antireflection film may be performed.
  • the surface of the lens surface (surface number 1) located on the most object side of the first lens L1 is coated with an ultra-hard film such as a DLC (diamond-like carbon) film (DLC).
  • the infrared lens 3a according to Embodiment 2 is applied to an infrared camera for in-vehicle night vision
  • the above DLC coating treatment is extremely effective.
  • Night vision infrared cameras are usually installed in harsh environments such as the front grille of a vehicle where they are exposed to wind and rain and flying objects. Therefore, it is important to take measures against the environment such as lens scratches and dirt, and this can be easily achieved by applying DLC coating to the outermost lens surface (surface number 1) exposed to the external environment. can do.
  • measures such as installing a predetermined window material in front of the outermost lens surface have been taken.
  • germanium which is mainly used as a window material
  • the cost increases.
  • the window material is additionally installed, the lens module will be enlarged as a whole.
  • the environmental resistance measures by DLC coating treatment do not cause such problems, the cost can be reduced and the module can be downsized compared to the case of installing window materials.
  • the configuration of the outer diameter and thickness of the lenses LI, L2 and the like is necessary to adopt a configuration suitable for the molding.
  • the thickness of the lenses LI and L2 a certain degree of thickness is required to ensure moldability (mechanical strength, processing accuracy, etc.) during hot compression molding using a lens-shaped mold.
  • the thickness increases, the loss of light quantity when passing through the lens increases, and during hot compression molding, a distribution of compressive force occurs in the thickness direction of the lenses LI and L2, and a refractive index distribution tends to occur in the thickness direction.
  • the center thickness Tm and edge thickness Te are the following relational expressions for the thicknesses of the lenses LI and L2:
  • the image sensor Id an uncooled thermal image sensor such as a porometer, a thermo pinole, or an SOI diode having sensitivity in the 8 to 12 m band is used.
  • the power to use the image sensor Id with the number of pixels of 160 X 120, 320 X 240, etc.
  • the infrared lens 3a is the maximum suitable for manufacturing. The diameter is about 30mm.
  • Example 3-1 the flZf is set to 1.37
  • Example 3-2 is the flZf set to 1.50
  • Example 3-3 is the flZf described above. Is set to 1.25.
  • Ma the flZf is set to 1.55, and in Example 3-5, the flZf is set to 1.20.
  • the infrared lens 3a according to Example 3-1 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 101 to 103, fl / f is 1.37, F value is 1.01, maximum diameter is 18. Omm and viewing angle is 30 °. (However, the viewing angle is the value when combined with an image sensor with a pixel pitch of 25 ⁇ m and a pixel size of 320 x 240).
  • Z is the length (mm) of the perpendicular line drawn from the point on the aspheric surface to the plane in contact with the apex of the aspheric surface
  • y is the height (mm) from the optical axis
  • K is the eccentricity
  • R is the paraxial radius of curvature
  • A2, A4, A6, and A8 are second-order, fourth-order, sixth-order, and eighth-order aspherical coefficients, respectively.
  • N is a refractive index
  • ⁇ is a reference wavelength value
  • CI and C2 are diffraction surface coefficients.
  • the sagittal and tangential MTFs for wavelengths 8 m, 10 m, and 12 m within the viewing angles (0 °, 10.5 °, 12.0 °, and 15.0 °) in the configuration of Example 3-1 are as follows.
  • the characteristics shown in FIGS. 104 to 110 are obtained.
  • Ave. is a graph obtained by averaging MTF values of 8 to 12 ⁇ m (the same applies hereinafter).
  • the spherical aberration and astigmatism for the wavelengths 8 m, 10 ⁇ m, and 12 m have the characteristics shown in FIGS. 111 and 112, and the distortion has the characteristics shown in FIG. 113. It has become.
  • the lateral aberration for wavelengths 8 / ⁇ ⁇ , 10 ⁇ m, and 12 / zm corresponding to each image height within the viewing angle has the characteristics shown in Fig. 114 (a) and Fig. 114 (e). ! /, Ru (V in each figure, the left side corresponds to tangential, the right side corresponds to sagittal! /, Ru).
  • the infrared lens 3b according to Example 3-2 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 115 to 117, fl / f is 1.50, F value is 1.09, the maximum diameter is 16.6 mm, and the viewing angle is 30. Set to °.
  • the MTFs for wavelengths 8 m, 10 m, and 12 m within the viewing angles (0 °, 10.5 °, 12.0 °, 15.0 °) in the configuration of Example 3-2 are as follows: The characteristics are as shown in FIGS. In addition, the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration have the characteristics shown in FIGS. 125, 127, 128 (a) to 128 (e).
  • the infrared lens 3c according to Example 3-3 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 129 to 131, fl / f is 1.25, F-number is 1.05, the maximum diameter is 17.3 mm, and the viewing angle is 30. Set to °.
  • the MTF for is shown in Fig. 132 through Fig. 138.
  • the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration have the characteristics shown in Fig. 139, Fig. 141, Fig. 142 (a), and Fig. 142 (e)! /,
  • the MTF for is shown in Fig. 132 through Fig. 138.
  • the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration have the characteristics shown in Fig. 139, Fig. 141, Fig. 142 (a), and Fig. 142 (e)! /,
  • the MTF for is shown in Fig. 132 through Fig. 138.
  • the infrared lens 3d according to Example 3-4 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 143 to 145, fl / f is 1.55, F value is 1.10, the maximum diameter is 16.4 mm, and the viewing angle is 30. Set to °.
  • the infrared lens 3e according to Example 3-5 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 146 to 148, fl / f is 1.20, F value is 1.04, the maximum diameter is 17.4 mm, and the viewing angle is 30. Set to °.
  • Fig. 149 (a) to 149 (c), Fig. 150 (d) and Fig. 150 (e) are a table summarizing the MTF characteristics, etc. of Examples 3-1 and 3-5 above. Yes, in the order of Example 3-5, Example 3-3, Example 3-1, Example 3-2, and Example 3-4.
  • the MTF values in each table are values at a spatial frequency of 201p / mm. In each table, the MTF value at each image height within the viewing angle of wavelengths 12 m, 10 m, and 8 m, and the average MTF value from 8 to 12 ⁇ m are listed from the upper side to the lower side. And!
  • Example 3-4 and Example 3-5 which do not satisfy the conditions, there is a part where MTF of 0.2 or more cannot be obtained depending on the angle of view and wavelength. From this, in order to obtain an MTF of 0.2 or more at all angles and angles, the flZf value should be within the range of 1.25 or more and 1.5 or less as shown in the relational expression (2) above. It turns out that it only has to be set.
  • this night vision includes a display unit comprising an infrared camera 21 installed at the front end of a vehicle and a liquid crystal display device provided at a position where the driver's seat power can be seen in the passenger compartment. 23 and image processing based on images captured by the infrared camera 21 (images based on contrast) And a control unit 25 that displays a warning image or the like on the display unit 23 based on the processing result.
  • the infrared camera 21 includes the above-described infrared lens la-: Lc, 2a-2c, 3a-3c, an infrared transmission window Fi, and an image sensor Id. An infrared image of the front of the vehicle is captured by receiving the emitted infrared light.
  • the image processing by the control unit 25 can be performed in the infrared ray image. It is possible to obtain a high-resolution, high-contrast image necessary to extract humans from images. As a result, for example, even during nighttime, even in the summer, images with bright scenery (summer images have a small brightness difference between the background and people (pedestrians, etc.)) Human beings can be recognized.
  • the infrared camera can be miniaturized and a night vision that can be easily mounted on a vehicle can be configured. it can.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

Objectif (1a) infrarouge comprenant, disposées dans l’ordre depuis le côté objet, des première à troisième lentilles (L1 à L3) en sulfate de zinc, les première à troisième lentilles (L1 à L3) étant chacune une lentille ménisque positive dont la surface convexe se trouve du côté de l’objet. Les première à troisième lentilles (L1 à L3) sont formées par moulage sous pression à chaud de la matière première poudreuse sulfate de zinc en utilisant une matrice en forme de lentille. La surface concave (surface du côté de l’image) de la première lentille (L1) est une surface diffractive.
PCT/JP2006/322195 2006-01-30 2006-11-07 Objectif à infrarouge, appareil de prise de vue à infrarouge et vision nocturne WO2007086178A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06823099A EP1980888A4 (fr) 2006-01-30 2006-11-07 Objectif à infrarouge, appareil de prise de vue à infrarouge et vision nocturne
US11/919,754 US7738169B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2006-11-07 Infrared lens, infrared camera and night vision
CN2006800144834A CN101167008B (zh) 2006-01-30 2006-11-07 红外线透镜、红外线摄像机以及夜视装置
US12/687,622 US7911688B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2010-01-14 Infrared lens, infrared camera, and night vision
US13/017,755 US8085465B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2011-01-31 Infrared lens, infrared camera, and night vision

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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JP2006020411A JP4631728B2 (ja) 2006-01-30 2006-01-30 赤外線レンズ、赤外線カメラ及びナイトビジョン
JP2006-020411 2006-01-30
JP2006065401A JP4631753B2 (ja) 2006-03-10 2006-03-10 赤外線レンズ及び赤外線カメラ
JP2006-065401 2006-03-10

Related Child Applications (2)

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US11/919,754 A-371-Of-International US7738169B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2006-11-07 Infrared lens, infrared camera and night vision
US12/687,622 Continuation US7911688B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2010-01-14 Infrared lens, infrared camera, and night vision

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WO2007086178A1 true WO2007086178A1 (fr) 2007-08-02

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US (3) US7738169B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2226666A1 (fr)
KR (2) KR100955975B1 (fr)
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JP2012103461A (ja) * 2010-11-10 2012-05-31 Topcon Corp 赤外線光学系
KR101293217B1 (ko) * 2011-10-21 2013-08-05 주식회사 소모홀딩스엔테크놀러지 고해상도 원적외선 카메라용 렌즈 유니트
JP5356634B1 (ja) * 2012-01-13 2013-12-04 オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 内視鏡先端部品および内視鏡
KR101494439B1 (ko) * 2013-09-23 2015-02-24 한국세라믹기술원 적외선 렌즈 및 그 제조 방법
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CN106415351B (zh) * 2014-08-07 2018-07-03 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 远红外成像透镜组、物镜及探测仪
JP6798161B2 (ja) * 2016-03-15 2020-12-09 住友電気工業株式会社 赤外線レンズモジュール
KR102342322B1 (ko) 2017-07-21 2021-12-23 한국광기술원 ta-C 및 Y2O3 코팅 박막층을 구비한 하이브리드 적외선 광학렌즈
KR20190010222A (ko) 2017-07-21 2019-01-30 한국광기술원 YbF3 박막층을 구비한 원적외선 광학렌즈
TWI703367B (zh) * 2018-02-08 2020-09-01 先進光電科技股份有限公司 光學成像系統
CN111853699B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2021-02-12 广东烨嘉光电科技股份有限公司 一种大孔径的三片式透镜光学镜头
KR102500286B1 (ko) 2021-02-26 2023-02-15 한국광기술원 ta-C 및 Y2O3 코팅 박막층을 구비한 하이브리드 적외선 광학렌즈
CN113176653B (zh) * 2021-04-28 2022-07-01 天津欧菲光电有限公司 光学***、镜头模组和电子设备

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CN104090350A (zh) * 2014-08-04 2014-10-08 江苏卡罗卡国际动漫城有限公司 一种长波红外物镜

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US7911688B2 (en) 2011-03-22
KR20100012102A (ko) 2010-02-05
US20090027766A1 (en) 2009-01-29
US8085465B2 (en) 2011-12-27
US20110164142A1 (en) 2011-07-07
EP1980888A4 (fr) 2010-03-17
KR100955975B1 (ko) 2010-05-04
US20100187418A1 (en) 2010-07-29
US7738169B2 (en) 2010-06-15
KR100960776B1 (ko) 2010-06-01
EP1980888A1 (fr) 2008-10-15
EP2226666A1 (fr) 2010-09-08
KR20080015400A (ko) 2008-02-19

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