WO2007083046A2 - Dispositif de gestion electrique pour alimentation electrique de vehicule - Google Patents
Dispositif de gestion electrique pour alimentation electrique de vehicule Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007083046A2 WO2007083046A2 PCT/FR2007/050605 FR2007050605W WO2007083046A2 WO 2007083046 A2 WO2007083046 A2 WO 2007083046A2 FR 2007050605 W FR2007050605 W FR 2007050605W WO 2007083046 A2 WO2007083046 A2 WO 2007083046A2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S136/00—Batteries: thermoelectric and photoelectric
- Y10S136/291—Applications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
- Y10S323/906—Solar cell systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical management device for vehicle power supply.
- US-A-2002/000243 there is described a system providing a functionality identical to that described in US-A-5,479,557, but with the use of a DC / DC converter as an interface between the solar generator and the DC motor of the passenger compartment ventilation or the battery to maintain charge.
- US-A-2002/000785 there is described a system providing a functionality identical to that described in document US-A-2002/000243, but the DG / DG converter first supplies the 42 Volt battery on which the necessary power is taken from the fan motor.
- US-A-5.779.81 7 there is described a system providing a functionality identical to that described in US-A-5,479,557 with switching between solar cells according to whether we supply ventilation or that 'the battery charge is maintained. No electronic control of power is envisaged, the commutations are made by relays.
- a first object of the invention is to simultaneously or independently manage two sources of continuous energy of different nature, typically solar cells and thermo-generators, each of these sources possibly being of any technology (for example: technology based monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon for solar cells, and technology based on thermoelectric couples such as Te-Bi, Zn-Sb, or Skutterudite for the thermo generator).
- this management carried out by a particular DC / DC converter makes it possible to absorb the maximum power that each source can supply at each instant under variable environmental conditions.
- Such management given the low efficiency of these generators, provides optimal operation for an automotive application.
- each source is dimension born at its optimum power / volume. Indeed, during the serial / parallel arrangement of elementary elements which constitute each generator, the number of elements in series is no longer conditioned by the battery. We size the power (that is to say the number of elements, the volume, and therefore the cost) just needed.
- the possibility of having a source independent of the main network of the vehicle makes it possible to supply various devices during the test period or the period of tuning during which the main network is likely to be disturbed and to thus cause malfunctions of these devices.
- the present invention relates to an electrical management device for vehicle power supply, characterized in that it comprises a single converter so as to minimize the number of components necessary to simultaneously control two energy sources, such as a photovoltaic source and a thermoelectric source, on board a motor vehicle which comprises at least one electric energy storage battery.
- the converter comprises means for executing a control law dependent on the maximum electrical power of each source to maintain a determined level of charge of said electric storage battery.
- the means of the converter for executing a control law uses circuits insensitive to variations in the voltage of said electric storage battery.
- the means of the converter for executing a control law comprises a power control management means from the thermoelectric source. to maintain it at maximum power and a reference voltage management means.
- said electric storage battery is chosen from at least the central battery of the vehicle, and / or a specialized battery, so that the management device operates even if the engine of the vehicle is stopped, and even if all consumer electrical circuits are cut.
- the converter is equipped with a first converter resource for preventing the battery, whose high potential would be higher than that of a source of electrical energy, to discharge on said source .
- said first resource of the converter is constituted by two diodes whose cathodes are connected in common and the anodes are respectively connected to the high potential of each first or second energy source, the common connection of the cathodes being connected to the battery.
- the converter is equipped with a second resource for producing an electrical configuration signal in voltage and / or current output, the first and the second source of electrical energy.
- the converter comprises two inputs respectively connected to a first filter connected to the highest potential of the first energy source and to a second filter connected to the highest potential of the second energy source.
- each filter is a "gamma" filter composed respectively of a series inductor, and a parallel capacitor.
- the two filters are calculated so that the inductances are constituted by the connection cables themselves.
- the converter comprises a controller and a means for combining the currents coming from the two sources.
- the current combining means comprises a transformer with two cores and three coils.
- a third coil connected to the output of the current combining means.
- the first coil comprises a second terminal which is connected to a switching terminal of a switching means controlled by the output signal from an output of the controller, and in that the second coil comprises a second terminal which is connected to a switching terminal of a switching means controlled by the output signal from an output of the controller.
- each of the switches is constituted by a MOS type power transistor whose gate is connected to the corresponding control signal terminal of the controller, the drain is connected to a second terminal of one of the first or second windings of the transformer and the source is connected to the low potential line of the circuit of the invention.
- a first high potential terminal of the third winding of the transformer is connected to the anode of a conduction diode whose cathode is respectively connected to the battery as well as to a first terminal of a storage capacitor whose second terminal is itself connected to the low potential line of the circuit.
- the controller comprises two independent control loops implanted so as to optimally determine the control of each transistor or switching means.
- each regulation loop cooperates:
- a reference voltage generator intended to place the regulation in a mode at least close to the supply of a maximum electrical power
- each of the inputs of the controller is connected to a generator circuit of an average value of the instantaneous measurement voltage of one or the other of the two sources, the output of the average voltage generator circuit. being connected to the input terminal of the relevant control loop.
- each regulation loop comprises a subtracter circuit of the signals representing the regulation threshold of the regulation of the input terminal, the value at which the subtractor circuit subtracts the instantaneous or average value of the voltage from the input voltage. source transmitted to the input terminal, then a correction circuit which comprises a control pulse train generator for a switching means.
- the pulse train generator is provided with means for determining the frequency, the duty cycle, the amplitude and the waveform of the pulse train.
- the corrector circuit comprises means for varying its duty cycle.
- the controller is equipped with a calibration circuit of the reference voltage which produces a stopping at regular intervals of a switching means to update the reference voltage applied to the terminal.
- the calibration circuit also comprises a means for producing a switching off of the MOS transistor after a phase of progressive reduction of the conduction duration until its cancellation.
- the management device comprises a temperature sensor, the controller cooperating with a circuit for calculating the reference voltage Vo / 2 directly deduced from the temperature by means of a temperature conversion function. in a reference voltage of the form Vo / 2.
- a temperature sensor and / or a sunshine sensor are used to correct the reference voltage VO- ⁇ by means of a calibration circuit of the control reference voltage of the second source.
- the calibration circuit of the reference voltage of the regulation of the second source with photovoltaic cells comprises a single-input memory indexed on the value representative of a measurement of the temperature
- the memory produces an offset value E of the reference voltage and said offset value is produced at the negative input of a subtractor whose positive input is connected to a generator circuit of the voltage VO characteristic of the maximum power of the photovoltaic cell generator, the generator circuit of the voltage VO characteristic of the maximum power of the photovoltaic cell generator cooperating with a switching or connecting means for photovoltaic cells, so that the current and the voltage delivered by the photovoltaic generator operates in desired characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of a management device according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of an electrical management device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph on which the voltage and power characteristics of a source of a first type used in the electrical management device of the invention have been reported;
- FIG. 4 is a graph on which the voltage and power characteristics of a source of a second type used in the electrical management device of the invention have been reported;
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a circuit used in the electrical management device of the second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram of another circuit used in the electrical management device of the second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 7 is a series of four graphs of four control parameters of the device of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a graph making it possible to explain the operation of another control circuit of the device of the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of another circuit used in the electrical management device of the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 there are several ways to simultaneously manage two separate auxiliary energy sources (solar and thermoelectric).
- the simplest and least efficient way is described in FIG. 1.
- the vehicle not shown, comprises a battery 1.
- This battery can be the central battery of the vehicle, normally powered by an alternator driven by the engine of the traditional vehicle.
- the battery 1 is a specialized battery, which is connected via a circuit not shown in FIG. 1 to the on-board network.
- the management device of the invention operates even if the engine of the vehicle is stopped, and even if all consumer electrical circuits are cut.
- the management device of the invention comprises a single converter, identified by the letter C, which is connected by two separate inputs on the one hand to a first source of energy 2, on the other hand to a second source of electrical power 3.
- the first source of electrical energy is composed of a thermo generator.
- the second source of electrical energy is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic cells, for example arranged on the roof of the vehicle.
- the converter C of the invention is equipped with one or more means, or cooperates with them, depending on whether they are integrated in the converter or simply electrically connected to the outside thereof.
- the first resource of the converter makes it possible to prevent the battery or the other source, whose high potential would be higher than that of a source of electrical energy, from being discharged on said source.
- this means consists of the two diodes 5 and 6.
- a second resource (not shown) of the converter C makes it possible to produce an electrical configuration signal in voltage and / or current output, of the first and second sources of electrical energy. Particularly in the case of a stack of photovoltaic cells (case of the second source 3), it is possible on the basis of such a configuration signal to adapt by switching groups of photovoltaic cells in series and or in parallel with so that, in the case of photovoltaic cells, choose determined values of current and voltage available at the corresponding input of the converter C, these determined values corresponding to an optimal operation of both the converter C and the battery 1 when it is recharged .
- the same electrical configuration resource is made for the first source 2 thermo generator.
- the single converter comprises a first 5 and a second 6 diodes.
- the anode of the first diode 5 is connected to a high potential point of the source 2 composed by a thermo generator.
- the anode of the second diode is connected to a high potential point of the source 3 composed of a stack of photovoltaic cells.
- the cathodes of the first 5 and second 6 diodes are connected together to the output of the single converter C, so that it is connected to the high potential terminal of the battery 1.
- the low potential terminal of the battery 1 is connected at the same time to the low voltage terminals respectively of the first 2 and the second 3 sources of electrical energy.
- the photovoltaic and thermoelectric sources must be configured to provide a voltage compatible with that of the battery. This limits the optimization possibilities of arrangement of the elementary cells (in series and / or in parallel) for a required power and an allocated volume.
- the invention makes it possible to manage solar and thermoelectric energy sources at their maximum of available power whatever the environmental conditions (sunshine and temperature difference) which have a major influence on this maximum power.
- the circuit of FIG. 2 details the diagram of the converter used.
- the device of FIG. 2 comprises, as in the case of FIG. 1, a vehicle battery 10 whose lowest potential is connected to the lowest potential respectively of a first electric source 1 1 constituted by a thermo generator and of a second electrical source 12 constituted by a stack of photovoltaic cells.
- the converter of the second embodiment of the invention Interleaved between the two sources 1 1 and 12 on the one hand and the battery 10 on the other hand, is disposed the converter of the second embodiment of the invention. It comprises a conversion part proper CO having two inputs respectively connected, on the one hand, to a first F1 filter connected to the most positive potential of the first energy source 11 and, on the other hand, to a second F2 filter connected to the most positive potential of the second energy source 12.
- each filter is a "gamma" filter composed respectively of a series inductor such as inductors 13 or 15, and of a parallel capacitor like the capacitors 14 and 16.
- the two filters F1 and F2 are calculated so that the inductors 13 and 15 are constituted by the connection cables themselves.
- the actual converter CO comprises a controller 29 which comprises at least two input terminals respectively B connected to the output of the filter F1 protecting the first source 1 1 and C connected to the output of the filter F2 protecting the second source 12
- the controller 29 has at least two output terminals D and E, respectively, which will be described hereinafter.
- the controller CO then comprises a means A for combining the currents coming from the two sources 1 1 and 12.
- the means for combining the currents A comprises a transformer with two cores and three coils:
- a first coil 21 connected to the input of the converter CO connected to the output of the filter F2 of the second source of 12
- a second coil 22 connected to the input of the converter CO connected to the output of the filter F1 of the first source 1 1
- a third coil 24 connected to the output of the means for combining currents A.
- the coils 21 and 22 are magnetically coupled by a core 20 and the coils 22 and 24 are coupled by a core 23, the two cores 20 and 23 can be associated in a single magnetic circuit in the manner of three-phase transformers.
- the first coil 21 comprises a second terminal which is connected to a switching terminal of a switching means 25 controlled by the output signal from the output D of the controller 29.
- the second coil 22 has a second terminal which is connected to a switching terminal of a switching means 26 controlled by the output signal coming from the output E of the controller 29.
- each of the switches 25 or 26 may be turned ON or OFF.
- Each switch 25 or 26 has a control terminal connected respectively to the output D and the output E of the controller 29.
- Each switch 25 or 26 finally has a second switching terminal which is connected to the low potential line of the circuit of the controller. 'invention.
- each of the switches 24 or 25 is constituted by a MOS type power transistor whose gate is connected to the corresponding control signal terminal of the controller 29, the drain is connected to a second terminal of a first or second winding of the transformer A and the source is connected to the low potential line of the circuit of the invention.
- a first high potential terminal of the third winding 24 of the transformer A is connected to the anode of a a conduction diode 27 whose cathode is respectively connected to the output of the circuit of the invention intended to be connected to the battery 10 as well as to a first terminal of a storage capacitor 28 whose second terminal is itself connected to the low potential line of the circuit of the invention.
- controller 29 is referenced from the point of view of the electrical voltages, by a connection line F to the low potential line of the circuit of the invention.
- the positive supply line for polarizing the internal circuit of the controller 29 has not been shown.
- the controller 29 includes means for generating a positive bias supply voltage and a circuit that converts input signals to inputs B and C as control signals on these outputs D and E.
- the two sources thermo generator and solar cells
- the two sources are connected to a single converter that ensures their simultaneous management.
- the filter inductors 13 and 15 are in practice the wiring inductances between the sources and the converter. Indeed, the functional and architectural constraints make that the sources are generally distant from the converter (the solar cells are typically on the roof of the vehicle whereas the thermo generators are rather on the crankcase or the exhaust). We take advantage of this constraint to eliminate inductive elements (potentially voluminous and expensive) of the circuit.
- the rest of the elements are physical components that are part of the converter.
- the transformer A the secondary winding of which is shared; the output diode 27;
- the auxiliary sources which are the thermo generator 1 1 and the solar cells 12, charge the battery and / or power accessories while the engine of the vehicle and any other source consuming fuel can be stopped (parking or hybrid operating in electric mode for example).
- the basic operating principle imposed by the controller 29 is that of the switching power supply with energy recovery or "flyback" converter.
- the magnetic circuit 20, 23 is magnetized alternately by one, 1 1, and the other, 12, sources, thanks to alternative operating sequences of the electronic switches 25 and 26.
- Figure 1 details the sequencing of the control signals from the controller 29 and applied to the gate electrodes of the MOS transistors 25 and 26.
- FIG. 3 shows the voltage and power characteristics of a thermo generator electrical source for two temperature gradients. For a first temperature gradient T1, the power characteristic 30 and the voltage characteristic 31 are shown.
- the characteristic in tension is of the form:
- V VO - rx I in which VO is the voltage of the open circuit thermoelectric generator, r is the internal resistance of the thermoelectric generator and I is the current delivered by the thermoelectric generator source on a receiver circuit.
- the power output by such a generator is given by a relation of the form:
- thermoelectric generator source V0 (T) / (2) xr
- the value VO is directly related to the avalanche voltage of the photovoltaic cells, and the voltage delivered by the photovoltaic generator, at given sunlight, remains substantially constant as long as the current output does not exceed a limit value dependent on the solar radiation of the cells. PV.
- the power being the result of the product V x I of the measured voltage and current flow is itself linear up to the maximum current value.
- each transistor or its duty cycle
- the conduction duration of each transistor is regulated by a regulator circuit of the internal duty cycle to the controller 29 to be on the operating point at maximum power of each generator, is :
- thermo generator - VO / 2 for the thermo generator, as shown in Figure 3 which shows the current / power characteristics of a thermo generator for two different temperature gradients (the temperature difference applied to the thermo generator is more solid line than with dots).
- controller 29 Since the electrical management device of the invention works with two electrical sources of different characteristics, its controller 29 must comprise two independent control loops whose characteristics are specified in order to optimally determine the control of each transistor or switching means. 25, 26.
- Figure 5 shows the block diagram of one or other of these loops.
- An input terminal 39 of either of the two loops implemented in the controller 29 (FIG. 2) is connected to a reference voltage generator for placing the control in a mode at least close to the supply of the control. 'maximum electric power.
- the reference voltage applied to the input 39 of the control loop is:
- a second input terminal 40 of one or the other regulation loop is respectively connected: to the input terminal C of the controller 29 to take the instantaneous voltage at the output of the filter F1 associated with the first heat source. generator ;
- each of the inputs B or C of the controller 29 is connected to a generator circuit of an average value of the instantaneous measuring voltage of one or the other of the two sources.
- the output of the average voltage generator circuit is then connected to the input terminal 40 of the control loop concerned.
- Each regulation loop then comprises a subtracter circuit 38 of the signals representative of the adjustment threshold of the regulation of the input terminal 39, at which value the subtractor circuit 38 subtracts the instantaneous or average value of the voltage of the source transmitted to the input terminal 40.
- the output value is then addressed to a correction circuit 41 which comprises a control pulse train generator for MOS transistor gate or more generally any switching means 25 or 26 depending on whether the regulation is devolved to the first source 1 1 or the second source 12.
- the pulse train generator is provided with means for determining the frequency, the duty cycle, the amplitude and the waveform of the pulse train.
- frequency, amplitude and waveform are kept constant while the corrector 41 includes means for varying the duty cycle, ie the ON conduction time of the transistor whose gate is connected to the output terminal D of the controller 29 connected to the output 42 of the control loop for the thermoelectric generator for the MOS transistor 25 or to the output terminal E of the control loop for the generator photovoltaic for the MOS 26 transistor.
- FIG. 7 shows four timing diagrams of an exemplary operation of the circuit of FIG. 2, the controller 29 of which is equipped with two control loops similar to the loop of FIG. 5.
- Curve 50 of the upper graph represents the variation of the magnetic flux in the secondary winding at the output of the transformer A.
- the curve is constituted by a sequence of saw teeth, periodic to the switching frequency of the switching means 25 and 26.
- the curve 51 of the following graph represents the evolution of the current in the output diode which is a periodic function in rectangular slots, periodic to the switching frequency of the switching means 25 and 26.
- the curve 52 of the following graph shows the evolution of the current in one or the other of the switching means 25 or 26 when they are composed of a MOS transistor and which is a periodic function in trapezoidal slots, periodic to the frequency switching means 25 and 26.
- Curve 53 of the following graph shows the evolution of the gate control voltage of each MOS transistor 25 or 26 which is a periodic function in rectangular slots, periodic to the switching frequency of the switching means 25 and 26.
- each transistor concerned is placed in the ON conduction state (graph 53).
- the current flowing through the drain-source path of the conductive transistors increases.
- the magnetic energy is stored in the primary windings of the transformer A (increasing portions of the curve 50).
- the circuit (or the primary circuits) is (are) open, the current is canceled in the primary (graph 52) and the energy stored in the primary is restored in the secondary winding (down part graph 50) at the same time, the secondary current can flow into the output diode which blocks the secondary during the magnetic charge period. It is thus possible to produce a voltage across the capacitor 28 output of the device of the invention, so that it can participate in recharging the battery 1.
- the conduction time of the transistor i.e., the time during which it is 'ON' (driver) may be independent of the demagnetization time (ie the time between its switching 'OFF' (blocked) and the 'ON' ignition of the other transistor) or act directly on the duty cycle (ratio of the time when the transistor is 'ON' (conductive) to the duration of a period).
- Voltage Vo is highly variable for the thermo generator, with environmental conditions. This is mainly due to temperature differences. It is therefore appropriate to calibrate the setpoint voltages applied to the input terminal 39 of the subtractor 38 of the control loop assigned to the control of the first source 11.
- the controller 29 is equipped with a calibration circuit of the reference voltage (not shown) which produces a stop at regular intervals of the MOS transistor 25 which controls the thermo generator until the corresponding filtering capacitor 14 is charged. at the voltage Vo. This voltage is measured by the calibration circuit, and then the reference voltage applied to the terminal 39 is updated. At this moment, the calibration circuit produces an activation signal which enables the restart of the switching procedure and transfer of the power of the generator concerned on the control loop.
- the calibration circuit also comprises a means for producing a switching off of the MOS transistor 25 after a phase of progressive reduction of the capacitance 14. duration of conduction until its cancellation ("soft stop”) as shown in Figure 8.
- the electrical management device of the invention there is a temperature sensor.
- the controller CO then cooperates with a circuit for calculating the reference voltage Vo / 2 directly deduced from the temperature by means of a function of converting the temperature into a reference voltage of the form VO / 2.
- the calibration circuit comprises an input terminal 56 on which is applied a signal representative of the temperature of the thermo generator source 1 1 which is converted by an input signal conversion means into an address for reading a previously programmed table containing for each conversion value of the temperature signal, a value of the control reference voltage VO / 2 available at its reading terminal 58 which can then be connected to the input terminal 39 ( Figure 5) of the control loop assigned to the first source 1 1 thermo generator.
- the reference voltage VO- ⁇ can be corrected by these measurements in order to to be more precisely on the point of operation at maximum power.
- the voltage setpoint, connected to the input terminal 39 of the regulation loop assigned to the second photovoltaic cell power source 12 would be from a calibration circuit of the control reference voltage of the second source shown in Figure 6.
- the regulating reference voltage calibration circuit of the second source comprises at least one input terminal 43 of a signal representative of the temperature of the photovoltaic cells, and / or an input terminal 45 of a signal of detection of the sunlight of the photovoltaic sensors.
- the calibration circuit of the reference voltage of the regulation of the second photovoltaic cell source 12 comprises a single input memory 44 indexed on the value representative of a measurement of the temperature (input 43).
- the calibration circuit of the reference voltage of the regulation of the second photovoltaic cell source 12 comprises a single-input memory 44 indexed on the value representative of a measurement of the irradiation (input 45).
- the calibration circuit of the reference voltage of the regulation of the second photovoltaic cell source 12 comprises a memory with two inputs respectively indexed on the value representative of a measurement of the temperature (input 43) and on the representative value of a measure of sunshine (entry 45).
- the reading value of the memory 44 is available on its read input 46 which produces an offset value E of the reference voltage va and said offset value is produced at the negative input of a subtractor 48 whose positive input is connected to a circuit 47 generating the voltage characteristic of the maximum power of the photovoltaic cell generator 12.
- the output of the subtractor 48 is connected to the output terminal of the calibration circuit of the reference voltage of the control of the second source to photovoltaic cells and is therefore transmitted to the reference input terminal 39 of the control loop assigned to the control of the second photovoltaic cell source.
- the circuit 47 generating the voltage characteristic of the maximum power of the photovoltaic cell generator 12 cooperates with a switching or connecting means for photovoltaic cells, so that the current and the voltage delivered by the Photovoltaic generator operates in desired characteristics which are not directly concerned by the present invention.
- the memories 44 or 57 of the calibration circuits of the reference voltages may be replaced by calculating circuits in which functions representative of the desired calibration values are programmed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07718140A EP1974435A2 (fr) | 2006-01-19 | 2007-01-03 | Dispositif de gestion electrique pour alimentation electrique de vehicule |
CN200780005981.7A CN101385216B (zh) | 2006-01-19 | 2007-01-03 | 用于车辆电源的电气管理装置 |
US12/161,569 US8089242B2 (en) | 2006-01-19 | 2007-01-03 | Electrical management device for vehicle power supply |
JP2008550809A JP5159637B2 (ja) | 2006-01-19 | 2007-01-03 | 車両電源の電源管理装置 |
IL192821A IL192821A (en) | 2006-01-19 | 2008-07-15 | Electrical management device for power supply for vehicles |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0650185A FR2896211B1 (fr) | 2006-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | Dispositif de gestion electrique pour alimentation electrique de vehicule |
FR0650185 | 2006-01-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007083046A2 true WO2007083046A2 (fr) | 2007-07-26 |
WO2007083046A3 WO2007083046A3 (fr) | 2008-04-03 |
Family
ID=37156040
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2007/050605 WO2007083046A2 (fr) | 2006-01-19 | 2007-01-03 | Dispositif de gestion electrique pour alimentation electrique de vehicule |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8089242B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1974435A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5159637B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101385216B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2896211B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL192821A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007083046A2 (fr) |
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US8405361B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2013-03-26 | Qualcomm Incorporated | System and method for charging a rechargeable battery |
US8143851B2 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2012-03-27 | Apple Inc. | Power source having a parallel cell topology |
NO20083371A (no) * | 2008-08-01 | 2009-10-05 | Therm Tech As | Batterilader og strømforsyning som benytter alternativ energi. |
GB0912452D0 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2009-08-26 | Agco Gmbh | Vehicle battery charging apparatus |
US8203236B2 (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2012-06-19 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Dual voltage-source inverter system and method |
EP2360823A3 (fr) * | 2010-02-12 | 2017-03-22 | OCT Circuit Technologies International Limited | Contrôle de la tension d'un convertisseur CC/CC |
US8612075B2 (en) | 2010-06-04 | 2013-12-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Optimizing use of solar photovoltaic-generated electricity in electric or hybrid vehicles |
KR101727268B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-20 | 2017-04-17 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 태양 전지를 이용한 배터리의 충전 방법 및 장치 |
US8633671B2 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2014-01-21 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Photo-voltaic charging of high voltage traction batteries |
US8527129B2 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-09-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Personalized charging management for a vehicle |
US9347827B2 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2016-05-24 | Atonometrics, Inc. | System for field measurement and calibration of photovoltaic reference devices |
JP5926143B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 | 2016-05-25 | ラピスセミコンダクタ株式会社 | 電池監視システム及び半導体装置 |
JP5971175B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-13 | 2016-08-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車載用太陽電池の制御装置 |
FR3006377B1 (fr) * | 2013-05-31 | 2017-05-26 | Renault Sas | Procede de pilotage d'un dispositif de recuperation de l'energie thermique degagee par un moteur a combustion interne |
CN104354660B (zh) * | 2014-10-24 | 2017-01-11 | 华晨汽车集团控股有限公司 | 一种用于汽车的电能分配电路 |
US11476044B2 (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2022-10-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electrified vehicle cable having an inductor portion |
US20190047432A1 (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2019-02-14 | Sheila Clark | Secondary solar charging battery system for use with a recreational vehicle |
CN117644796A (zh) * | 2018-01-08 | 2024-03-05 | 康明斯有限公司 | 电池充电期间插电式电动车辆附件再充电的***和方法 |
KR102535466B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-12 | 2023-05-23 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 무선 충전 코일 및 상기 무선 충전 코일을 포함하는 전자 장치 |
CN115257588A (zh) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-11-01 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | 换挡执行器供电保护方法、装置以及电子设备 |
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- 2007-01-03 JP JP2008550809A patent/JP5159637B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-01-03 CN CN200780005981.7A patent/CN101385216B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-01-03 EP EP07718140A patent/EP1974435A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-01-03 WO PCT/FR2007/050605 patent/WO2007083046A2/fr active Application Filing
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2008
- 2008-07-15 IL IL192821A patent/IL192821A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007083046A3 (fr) | 2008-04-03 |
IL192821A0 (en) | 2009-08-03 |
CN101385216B (zh) | 2014-09-17 |
CN101385216A (zh) | 2009-03-11 |
US20090218983A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
FR2896211B1 (fr) | 2009-07-03 |
IL192821A (en) | 2015-04-30 |
JP2009524388A (ja) | 2009-06-25 |
JP5159637B2 (ja) | 2013-03-06 |
US8089242B2 (en) | 2012-01-03 |
EP1974435A2 (fr) | 2008-10-01 |
FR2896211A1 (fr) | 2007-07-20 |
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