WO2007039276A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum abtrennen von nasslack-overspray - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum abtrennen von nasslack-overspray Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007039276A1 WO2007039276A1 PCT/EP2006/009563 EP2006009563W WO2007039276A1 WO 2007039276 A1 WO2007039276 A1 WO 2007039276A1 EP 2006009563 W EP2006009563 W EP 2006009563W WO 2007039276 A1 WO2007039276 A1 WO 2007039276A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust air
- flow
- air
- closing
- precoat
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
- B05B14/40—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths
- B05B14/43—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths by filtering the air charged with excess material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
- B05B14/40—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths
- B05B14/43—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths by filtering the air charged with excess material
- B05B14/437—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths by filtering the air charged with excess material with means for introducing solid material into the air charged with excess material for preventing clogging of the filter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B16/00—Spray booths
- B05B16/60—Ventilation arrangements specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2273/00—Operation of filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D2273/12—Influencing the filter cake during filtration using filter aids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S55/00—Gas separation
- Y10S55/46—Spray booths
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for separating wet paint overspray from an overflow particle stream containing overspray particles, wherein the overspray particles pass into an application area of a paint shop in the exhaust air stream and wherein the device at least one separation device for separating the overspray from at least a part of Exhaust air flow includes.
- Such a device is known for example from DE 42 11 465 C2 and is used in systems for painting workpieces, in particular for spray painting of vehicle bodies, in which an air flow is generated by an application area of the system, which dissipates excess wet paint from the application area.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, in which a bonding of a wall surface of the device is avoided with wet paint overspray.
- the device comprises a arranged below the application region flow chamber, which is divided by at least one flow guide into several sections, wherein in one of the sections at least one separation device is provided and in that the device comprises at least one air curtain generating device for producing an air curtain on a wall surface which delimits the flow path of the exhaust air flow and which is arranged on the at least one flow guide element.
- the solution according to the invention is based on the concept of preventing the air curtain produced by wet-paint overspray from reaching the wall surface protected by the air curtain and adhering wet-paint overspray from the exhaust air flow to this wall surface.
- surfaces exposed to wet-paint overspray in particular, can be permanently protected from adhering to wet-paint overspray.
- the total amount of air added to the exhaust air flow via one or more air curtain generating devices preferably corresponds to from about 10% to about 30% of the exhaust air quantity from the application area.
- fresh air can be supplied via the air curtain generating device.
- purified exhaust air is supplied via the air curtain generating device.
- the protected by the air curtain wall surface is aligned substantially horizontally.
- the wall surface protected by the air curtain can, in particular, be a flow guide surface which laterally delimits a constriction in the flow path of the exhaust air flow from the application region to the separation device.
- the mean flow direction of the air curtain is directed towards the constriction, so that the overspray particles are directed through the air curtain to the constriction and then pass through the constriction to the separation device.
- the bottleneck bounded by the flow guide surface can be at least partially closed by means of the closing device.
- the separation device may in particular comprise a regenerable surface filter, that is to say a filter which has a filter surface on which the wet-paint overspray entrained by the exhaust air flow is deposited, and which, preferably during operation of the device, can be cleaned off from the paint overspray deposited thereon ,
- a regenerable surface filter that is to say a filter which has a filter surface on which the wet-paint overspray entrained by the exhaust air flow is deposited, and which, preferably during operation of the device, can be cleaned off from the paint overspray deposited thereon ,
- the regenerable surface filter may comprise a barrier layer comprising a precoat material which prevents sticking of the filter surface. This barrier layer is renewed after the surface filter has been cleaned by a precoating process and can be reinforced between the cleaning processes by intermediate coating operations.
- a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention comprises at least one closing device, by means of which the flow path of the exhaust air flow from the application region to the separating device is temporarily at least partially closed.
- closure device can also be actuated in the event of a malfunction in order to prevent contamination of the objects to be painted in the application area.
- this flow path of the exhaust air flow is at least partially closed by the application area to the separation device during the Abinstitutsvortician and / or precoating processes, this flow path can be designed so that it has a comparatively large flow-through cross-section outside the closing phases; In particular, it is possible to dispense with providing particularly narrow bottlenecks with a high flow velocity (greater than approximately 2 m / s) in the flow path of the exhaust air flow from the application region to the separation device.
- the closing device comprises at least one closing element and a movement device, by means of which the closing element in the flow path of the exhaust air flow into a closed position and out of the flow path of the exhaust air flow is moved out into an open position.
- the closing element may for example be formed substantially impermeable to air.
- the flow path of the exhaust air flow from the application area to the separation device is only partially closed during the cleaning and / or Precoat istsvortician, so that always at least one gap remains, through which a (reduced in the closing phase) exhaust air flow of the application area can get to the separation device.
- the amount of overcoating transported from the application area to the separating device or the quantity of precoat material transported from the area of the separating device to the application area is significantly reduced by reducing the exhaust air flow passing through the closing point.
- the closing element may in particular comprise a metal plate.
- the closing device is preferably designed so that the closing element can be brought into a closed position in which it covers at most approximately 80% of the cross section through which the exhaust air flow flows when the closing element is in the open position.
- closure element can be brought into a further closed position in an accident, in which the flow path of the exhaust air flow from the application area to the separation device is completely closed by the closing element.
- the closing element can be permeable to air and to comprise an air-permeable filter element.
- the filter element filters out wet paint overspray and precoat material from the air flow passing through the filter element when the closure element is in the closed position, so that neither wet paint overspray nor precoat material can pass through the closure element when it is in the closed position.
- the flow path of the exhaust air flow from the application region to the separating device is preferably completely closed by the closing element in the closed position.
- the closing element comprises a support structure on which the filter element is held.
- the filter element is held by means of a clamping device of a support structure.
- a loaded with wet paint overspray and / or precoat material filter element can be easily detached from the support structure and replaced with a fresh filter element.
- the support structure has honeycomb-shaped air passage openings.
- a particularly stable closing element is obtained when the support structure is formed of a metallic material.
- the movement device for moving the closure element from the open position into the closed position and back into the open position preferably comprises at least one guide rail for guiding the closing element.
- the movement device may comprise, for example, an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic drive for the closing element.
- the movement device comprises a revolving conveyor element, in particular a chain or a toothed belt.
- the closing element located in the closing position is designed such that it can be walked on by an operator.
- the walk-in closing element can in particular serve as a starting point for carrying out maintenance and / or repair work on a conveying device which conveys the objects to be painted through the application area.
- the usually the painting booth down limiting walk-in gratings can be omitted in this case.
- the vertical distance between the upper side of the in the closing position located closing element and the bottom of the objects to be painted at most about 2 m, so that the conveyor for a person standing on the closing element operator is easily accessible.
- the device comprises a support element on which the closing element is supported in the closed position.
- Such a support element may in particular be formed as a vertical partition in a flow chamber of the device, at the upper edge of which the closing element is supported.
- the closing element In order to protect the closing element against contamination by wet-paint overspray or by precoat material outside of the closing phases, it is favorable if the closing element is arranged in the open position below a flow-guiding element of the device.
- the device according to the invention preferably comprises at least one regenerable surface filter.
- the device comprises at least one precoat feed device, which is a precoat material downstream of the closing device emits into the exhaust air stream.
- the discharge of the precoat material in the exhaust air stream is preferably carried out when the closing device the flow path of Exhaust air flow at least partially closes, so that the closing device prevents the precoat material from entering the application area of the paint shop.
- the flow path of the exhaust air flow from the closing device to the separating device has at least one narrowed region. Due to the increased flow velocity of the exhaust air flow in the narrowed region is achieved that virtually no precoat material from the downstream of the narrowed portion located portion of the flow path of the exhaust air flow against the flow direction of the exhaust air flow can reach the closing device. Cleaning and precoating operations in the portion of the flow path downstream of the constricted area can therefore be performed without at least partially closing off the flow path of the exhaust air flow from the application area to the separation apparatus during these operations.
- the mean flow direction of the exhaust air flow when passing through the narrowed region is preferably oriented substantially horizontally.
- the device comprises at least one precoat feed device, which comprises a precoat material downstream of the restricted one Discharge area in the exhaust air stream.
- the closing device does not have to be brought into the closed position while such a precoat feeding device is being operated.
- the device comprises at least one receptacle for used precoat material. Due to the collection of used precoat material in such a receptacle, the used precoat material, that is to say with wet-paint overspray, can be reused for precoating a filter element or a boundary wall of the flow path of the exhaust air stream.
- Such a receptacle is preferably arranged below the separating device and / or below the closing device.
- the receptacle can in particular be connected via a precoat discharge line to a precoat storage container in order to be able to transfer used precoat material from the receptacle into such a precoat storage container.
- At least one precoat storage container can be connected to at least one precoat feed device, which emits a precoat material into the exhaust air stream.
- This precoat storage container can optionally deliver wet-paint-free or wet-lacquer-laden precoat material to the precoat supply line.
- the used pre-coat material collected in the receptacle can be easily reused if the device comprises at least one compressed-air nozzle by means of which the precoat material in the receptacle can be fluidized and conveyed from the receptacle into the flow path of the exhaust air stream.
- a particularly energy-saving operation of the paint shop is made possible when the device has a circulation circuit in which the exhaust air stream, from which the wet paint overspray has been separated, is at least partially re-supplied to the application area.
- Claim 39 is directed to a system for painting objects, in particular vehicle bodies, which comprises at least one painting booth and at least one device according to the invention for separating wet paint overspray from an exhaust air stream containing overspray particles.
- the present invention is based on the further object of providing a method for separating wet paint overspray from an exhaust air stream containing overspray particles, wherein the overspray particles pass into the exhaust air stream in an application area of a paint shop, in which a gluing of a wall surface of the Device with wet paint overspray is avoided.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical cross section through a first
- Embodiment of a paint booth with an apparatus arranged underneath for separating wet paint overspray from an overflow air stream containing overspray particles, two separation devices for separating the overspray from the exhaust air stream, two closing devices arranged above the separation devices for temporarily closing the flow path of the exhaust air stream and two air curtain comprises supply devices for the production of transverse air curtains on horizontal flow guide;
- Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the system of Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view from above of the plant from the
- Fig. 1 and 2; Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the system from the
- FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view from above of a support structure of a closing element of a closing device of the system from FIGS. 1 to 3;
- FIGS. 1 to 4 shows a schematic vertical cross section through a closing element of a closing device of the system from FIGS. 1 to 4;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a closing device of
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic vertical section through a precoat pre-storage container
- FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a circulation circuit of the system of Figures 1 to 4, wherein the Luftschleierer Wegungsvorrichtun- gen fresh air is supplied and exhaust air is discharged via an exhaust air flap from the recirculation circuit.
- 11 is a schematic representation of an alternative circulating air circulation, in which exhaust air is discharged from the circulating air circuit via an exhaust fan;
- 12 is a schematic representation of a circulating air circulation, in which cooled air is supplied to the air curtain generating devices, and also exhaust air is discharged from the circulating air circuit via an exhaust air flap;
- FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of an alternative circulating air circulation, in which exhaust air is discharged from the circulating air circuit via an exhaust fan;
- FIG. 14 shows a schematic vertical section through a second embodiment of a paint booth with an apparatus disposed therebelow for separating wet paint overspray from an overflow air stream containing overspray particles, two separating devices for separating the overspray from the exhaust air flow, two closing devices for temporarily closing the flow path the exhaust air stream, two air curtain generating means for generating a cross-air curtain along two flow guide and a cover for the separation devices for generating a constricted region in the flow path of the exhaust air flow between a respective closing device and a respective separation device comprises;
- Fig. 15 is a schematic side view of the system of Fig. 14;
- Fig. 16 is a schematic plan view from above of the plant from the
- Figs. 14 and 15; and Fig. 17 is a schematic perspective view of the system from the
- a system for spray painting vehicle bodies 102 shown as a whole in FIG. 100, comprises a conveying device 104, shown purely schematically, by means of which the vehicle bodies 102 are moved along a conveying direction 106 through an application area 108 of a paint booth designated as a whole by 110 can be.
- the conveyor 104 may be formed, for example, as an inverted circular conveyor or as an inverted monorail conveyor.
- the conveyor 104 may be formed in two parts and - as best seen in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 - comprise two parallel to the conveying direction 106 extending conveyor strands 104a and 104b, which in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction 106 horizontal direction spaced apart are.
- the application area 108 is the interior of the painting cabin 110, which is bounded on each side of the conveying device 104 by a respective cabin wall 114 in its horizontal transverse direction 112, which runs perpendicular to the conveying direction 106 and corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the painting booth 110.
- Spray painting devices 116 are arranged in the painting booth 110 on both sides of the conveying device 104, for example in the form of painting robots.
- this air stream absorbs paint overspray in the form of overspray particles.
- particles encompasses both solid and liquid particles, in particular droplets.
- the wet paint overspray consists of paint droplets.
- overspray particles have a largest dimension in the range of about 1 ⁇ m to about 100 ⁇ m.
- the exhaust air stream represented by the arrows 120 leaves the painting booth 110 downwards and arrives in a device, designated 126 as a whole, for separating wet paint overspray from the exhaust air stream 120, which is arranged below the application area 108.
- the device 126 comprises a substantially cuboid flow chamber 128 which extends in the conveying direction 106 over the entire length of the Paint booth 110 extends and in the transverse direction 112 of the paint booth 110 is bounded by vertical side walls 130 which are substantially aligned with the side cabin walls 114 of the paint booth 110, so that the flow chamber 128 has substantially the same horizontal cross-sectional area as the paint booth 110 and substantially is arranged entirely within the vertical projection of the base of the paint booth 110.
- the flow chamber 128 is subdivided into an upper section 136 and a lower section 138 by flow guide elements 132, which in this exemplary embodiment are designed as substantially horizontally oriented flow guide plates 134.
- the upper portion 136 and the lower portion 138 of the flow chamber 128 are interconnected by a throat 140 which is in the form of a gap between the opposing free edges of the flow directors 132 and forms a restriction in the flow path of the exhaust air flow 120 through the flow chamber 128.
- the horizontal cross-sectional area of the constriction 140 is from about 35% to about 50% of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the flow chamber 128 at the level of the bottleneck 140.
- the air velocity of the exhaust air flow 120 in the region of the constriction 140 is in the range of about 0.6 m / s to about 2 m / s.
- the lower portion 138 of the flow chamber 128 is divided by a vertical, parallel to the conveying direction 106 extending partition wall 142 in a left portion 138 a and a right portion 138 b.
- a precoat feed device 144 in the form of a precoating lance extending in the conveying direction 106 is integrated into the narrow side edge of each of the flow guide elements 132.
- Each of the precoating lances has a diameter of, for example, about 30 mm and is provided with a plurality of atomizing nozzles which are arranged at a distance of about 50 mm to about 100 mm in the longitudinal direction of the precoating lance and an opening size in the range of about 3 mm about 15 mm.
- These atomizing nozzles of the precoating lances deliver at intervals a precoat material in the form of a spray into the exhaust air flow 120.
- the precoat feed devices 144 are each connected via one or more precoat supply lines 146 to a respective precoat storage container 148 in which the precoat material is stored in a flowable state.
- any medium which is capable of absorbing the liquid fraction of the wet-paint overspray can be used as the precoat material.
- precoat materials are, for example, lime, rock flour, aluminum silicates, aluminum oxides, silicon oxides, powder coating or the like.
- the precoat material consists of a plurality of precoat particles having a mean diameter in the range of, for example, about 10 ⁇ m to about 100 ⁇ m.
- a storage chamber 150 which tapers in a funnel shape downwards and contains a fluid bed 152 of flowable precoat material, which is arranged above a compressed air space 154.
- the precoat material is conveyed by means of an injector 156, which is shown in detail in FIG. 9.
- the injector 156 is in the form of a tee having a compressed air port 158, a port 160 for a precoat supply line 146, and a throat lance 162 projecting into the fluid bed 152 in the storage chamber 150.
- the injector 156 is flowed through from its compressed air connection 158 to the connection 160 for the precoat supply line 146 with compressed air at a pressure of, for example, approximately 5 bar; This compressed air flow is indicated in Fig. 9 by the arrows 164.
- the precoat material flow through the injector 156 is indicated in FIG. 9 by the arrows 166.
- a separation device 168 for separating wet paint overspray from the exhaust air flow 120 is provided on both sides of the bottlenecks 140.
- the separating devices 168 each comprise a plurality of regenerable surface filters 170, which are arranged on the two opposite vertical side walls 130 of the flow chamber 128 and spaced apart in the conveying direction 106, which project with their filter elements 172 into the lower section 138 of the flow chamber 128 (see in particular FIGS. 1, 2 and 4).
- Each of the regenerable surface filters 170 comprises a hollow base body, on which a plurality, for example substantially plate-shaped, filter elements 172 are held.
- the filter elements 172 may be formed, for example, as plates made of sintered polyethylene, which are provided on its outer surface with a membrane made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the coating of PTFE serves to increase the filter class of the surface filter 170 (that is, to reduce its permeability) and also to prevent the permanent adhesion of the wet paint overspray separated from the exhaust air flow 120.
- Both the base material of the filter elements 172 and their PTFE coating have a porosity, so that the exhaust air can pass through the pores into the interior of the respective filter element 172.
- this barrier layer is formed by deposition of the precoat material emitted into the exhaust air flow 120 on the filter surfaces and prevents the filter surfaces from sticking together due to adhering wet paint overspray.
- Precoat material from the exhaust air stream 120 also settles on the boundary walls of the lower portion 138 of the flow chamber 128, where it also prevents adhesion of wet paint overspray.
- the exhaust air stream 120 sweeps over the filter surfaces of the filter elements 172 of the regenerable surface filter 170, wherein both the entrained precoat material and the entrained wet paint overspray deposited on the filter surfaces, and passes through the porous filter surfaces in the interiors of the filter elements 172, which with a Cavity within a body 174 of the respective surface filter 170 are connected.
- the cleaned exhaust air flow 120 thus passes through the main body 174 into a respective exhaust air pipe 176, which leads from the respective regenerable surface filter 170 to a laterally adjacent to a vertical side wall 130 of the flow chamber 128 and parallel to the conveying direction 106 exhaust air passage 178.
- the exhaust air cleaned from the wet paint overspray from the two exhaust air ducts 178 passes through an exhaust manifold 180 to a circulating air blower 182, from where the cleaned exhaust air via a cooling register 184 and a supply line 186 of a above the application region 108 arranged air chamber 188, the so-called plenum, is supplied.
- the cleaned exhaust air passes back into the application area 108 via a filter cover 190.
- the part of the purified exhaust air stream passing through the exhaust air flap 194 and the exhaust air line 192 is discharged to the environment (for example, via a chimney).
- the fresh air from the supply air system 196 is fed into the flow chamber 128 via two air curtain generating devices 200, which are connected via a supply air line 202 to the supply air system 196.
- each of the air curtain generators 200 each includes one along the direction of conveyance 106 extending supply air chamber 204, which is fed via the supply air lines 202 with supply air from the supply air system 196 and a gap 206 which extends along the conveying direction 106 and in the vertical direction has an extension in the range, for example, about 15 cm to about 50 cm, in the upper portion 136 of the flow chamber 128 opens.
- each supply air chamber 204 is arranged just above one of the flow guide elements 132, so that an air curtain is formed by the inflow of the supply air from the supply air chamber 204 in a substantially horizontal direction along the flow guide 132 into the flow chamber 128 at the top of the flow which is directed by the air curtain generating device 200 to the constriction 140 between the flow guide 132 and thereby prevents the laden with the wet paint overspray exhaust air flow 120 from the application area 108 reaches the top of the flow guide 132 and the wet paint overspray from the exhaust air flow 120 settles at the top of the flow guide 132.
- the mean flow direction of the air in the transverse air curtains generated by the air curtain generation devices 200 on the flow guide elements 132 is illustrated in FIG. 1 by the arrows 208.
- any overspray particles deposited on the upper side of the flow guide elements 132 are moved toward the constriction 140 and there from the exhaust air flow 120 into the lower section 138 taken along the flow chamber 128.
- the amount of air per unit time supplied to the interior of the flow chamber 128 via one of the air curtain generation devices 200 is from about 5% to about 15% of the amount of air per unit time contained in the exhaust air flow 120 from the application region 108.
- the supply air system 196 comprises a cooling register (not shown) by means of which the air supplied to the air curtain generation devices 200 is cooled so that it is colder than the exhaust air flow 120 leaving the application region 108, whereby the air supplied via the air curtain generating device 200 Air in the flow chamber 128 down, that is, to the surfaces to be protected of the flow guide elements 132, decreases.
- this cooled supply air flows through the lower section 138 of the flow chamber 128, through the exhaust ducts 178 and through the exhaust manifold 180, this cooled supply air mixes with the exhaust air flow 120 from the application area 108, so that the heating of the application area 108 again via the supply line 186 supplied purified exhaust air is partially compensated by the circulating air blower 182.
- This compensation due to the air supplied via the air curtain generating device 200 is supplemented by the cooling of the air exiting from the circulating air blower 182 by means of the cooling register 184.
- a circulating air circuit 118 which comprises the application area 108, the flow chamber 128, the exhaust air ducts 178, the exhaust manifold 180, the circulating air blower 182, the supply line 186 and the air chamber 188 above the application area 108 , where a permanent Heating of the guided air in the circulating air through the fresh air supply via the air curtain generating devices 200 and the cooling by means of the cooling register 184 is avoided.
- the average flow rate of the air in the exhaust manifold 180 and in the supply line 186 is in the range of about 6 m / s to about 12 m / s.
- the guided in the recirculation circuit 118 air is not moistened when separating the wet paint overspray, so that no devices for Dehumidification of the air circulated in the circulating air 118 are required.
- regenerable surface filters 170 are cleaned by compressed air pulses at certain time intervals when their wet paint overspray load has reached a predetermined level.
- the purge may occur (depending on the pressure loss increase at the surface filters 170), for example, once to six times per 8 hour working shift, approximately every one to eight hours.
- the required compressed air pulses are generated by means of a discharge unit 210, which is arranged on the main body 174 of the respective regenerable surface filter 170, which is capable of To deliver compressed air pulses to compressed air pipes, which extend within the respective base body 174 and lead from the Abpulsech 210 in the interiors of the filter elements 172.
- the compressed air pulses pass through the porous filter surfaces in the outer space of the filter elements 172, wherein the formed on the filter surfaces barrier layer of precoat material and deposited thereon wet paint overspray is detached from the filter surfaces, so that the filter surfaces in their cleaned-up original state.
- a new barrier layer is produced on the filter surfaces by adding precoat material into the exhaust air flow 120 by means of the precoat feeders 144, wherein the barrier layer can consist of 100% wet-paint-free precoat material or also of wet-lacquer-laden precoat material.
- the wet-paint-containing material cleaned from the filter surfaces of the regenerable surface filter 170 passes into precoat receptacles 212, several of which are disposed in the lower portion 138 of the flow chamber 128 so that their upwardly facing mouth openings 214 cover substantially the entire horizontal cross section of the flow chamber 128 , In this way, it is ensured that the entire material cleaned off from the surface filters 170 as well as the precoat and separated from the exhaust air flow 120 before reaching the surface filter 170 Overspray material passes through the mouth openings 214 in the precoat receiving container 212.
- Each of the precoat receptacles 212 comprises an upper part 216, which tapers in a funnel shape downwards, and a substantially cuboid lower part 218.
- the funnel-shaped, mutually inclined side walls of the top portion 216 of the precoat receiving container 212 include a funnel angle of approximately 50 ° to approximately 70 ° with each other.
- each upper part 216 of a precoat receiving container 212 is provided with a compressed air lance 220 crossing the upper part 216, by means of which the material located in the upper part 216 of the precoat receiving container 212 can be acted upon by a compressed air pulse and thus whirled up.
- the fluidized material may pass upwardly through the orifice 214 and settle, for example, on the filter surfaces of the regenerable surface filters 170 or on the vertical bulkhead 142, which may be precoated by coating the precoat material prior to adhering wet paint overspray to the exhaust air stream 120 is protected.
- Precoat storage container 148 are promoted to from there - as described above - through the Precoat feed line 146 to be supplied for reuse as Precoat material.
- the device 126 can also comprise further precoat storage containers, which are not connected to the precoat receptacles 212 but are filled with wet-paint-free precoat material are to supply the precoat supply line 146 optional wet-paint-free precoat material.
- This intermediate preformation of the surface filters 170 and the vertical partition 142 may be performed at time intervals of, for example, about 15 minutes to about 1 hour.
- the constriction 140 becomes the bottleneck 140 during these operations by means of two closing devices 224 closed, one of which is shown in Figs. 5 to 7 in detail.
- a left closure device 224a (closed in FIG. 1) serves to close a left section 140a of the constriction 140, which is delimited on the one hand by the right edge of the left flow guide element 132a and on the other hand by the upper edge of the vertical dividing wall 142.
- the right (in Fig. 1 open) closing device 224b is used to close a right portion 140b of the constriction 140, which on the one hand is bounded by the left edge of the right flow guide 132b and on the other hand by the top of the vertical partition 142.
- Each of the closing devices 224 comprises in each case a closing element 226 with a supporting structure 228 made of a metallic material and a filter element 230 held on the supporting structure 228 by clamping action.
- the support structure 228 includes a substantially planar plate 232 which is provided with a pattern of honeycomb-shaped air passage openings 234.
- the plate 232 may in particular be formed from a galvanized steel material or from a stainless steel material.
- the material thickness of the plate 232 is for example about 4 mm.
- the extent of the air passage openings 234 in the transverse direction 112 is for example approximately 40 mm.
- the extent of the air passage openings 234 along the conveying direction 106 is for example about 80 mm.
- the substantially rectangular air passage openings 234 are arranged in a plurality of successive rows in the transverse direction 112, wherein the air passage openings 234 of a row offset from the air passage openings 234 of the two adjacent rows are offset, for example, approximately half the extent of the air passage openings 234 along the conveying direction 106 ,
- the air passage openings 234 in the plate 232 are separated by intermediate webs 236 which extend in the transverse direction 112 or in the conveying direction 106 and each have a width of, for example, about 8 mm.
- the plate 232 is provided with a respective edge region 240, which is not provided with passage openings and has a width of, for example, approximately 30 mm.
- a filter element 230 which has the shape of a filter mat and is supported on the webs 236 of the plate 232 and on the edge regions 240 of the plate 232.
- the filter element 230 may be formed, for example, as a mat of glass fibers, is permeable to air and has a thickness of, for example, about 50 mm to about 100 mm.
- the basis weight of the filter element 230 may be, for example, about 220 g / m 2 to about 350 g / m 2 .
- Suitable filter elements 230 are sold, for example, by Freudenberg Nonwovens KG, 69465 Weinheim, Germany under the name "paint mist separator type PS50” or "paint mist separator type PS100".
- the air-permeable filter element 230 and the plate 232 with the air passage openings 234 allow the passage of air through the closing element 226; In the process, however, precoat material entrained in the air or wet paint overspray entrained therein is removed from the filter element 230 retained so that neither precoat material nor wet paint overspray can pass through the closure element 226.
- the closure element 226 comprises a plurality of clamping devices 242 disposed on angled frame profiles 244 each having a vertical leg 246 and a horizontal leg 256 overlapping the plate 232 and the filter element 230 extend along the edges of the plate 232.
- Each of these clamping devices 242 comprises an angle element 248 having a horizontal leg 250 and a vertical leg 252, wherein the horizontal leg 250 is fixed to the edge region 240 of the plate 232 and the vertical leg 252 is fixed to a (not visible from the representation of FIG. 6). vertical slot is provided.
- the horizontal leg 256 of the frame profile 244 exerts a pressure on the edge region of the filter element 230, so that the filter element 230 between the frame profile 244 and the plate 232 of the support structure 228 is clamped.
- the clamping of the filter element 230 on the support structure 228 is releasable to replace the filter element 230 after a certain operating time against a new filter element 230.
- the closure element 226 described above is movable from an open position, in which the closure element 226 is arranged underneath the flow guide element 132 (shown in broken lines in FIG. 7), into a closed position, in which the closure element 226 its associated portion 140a of the constriction 140 closes (shown in Fig. 7 in a solid line).
- the movement device 258 comprises an electric motor 260 which can drive a drive gear 262 to rotate, and a toothed belt 266 placed around the drive gear 262 and a guide gear 264 (and optionally further idlers, not shown) two spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the toothed belt receiving plates 268 set at which of a frame profile 244 of the closure element 226 along the conveying direction 106 projecting, substantially cylindrical pin 270 are pivotally mounted about their horizontal axes.
- the timing belt 266 follows the course of a guide rail 272, which has a lower portion 274 on which the closing element 226 is guided laterally in the open position, an upper portion 276 on which the closing element 226 is guided laterally in the closed position, and one the upper portion 276 having the lower portion 274 connecting, inclined to the horizontal middle portion 278 has.
- a guide rail 272 which has a lower portion 274 on which the closing element 226 is guided laterally in the open position, an upper portion 276 on which the closing element 226 is guided laterally in the closed position, and one the upper portion 276 having the lower portion 274 connecting, inclined to the horizontal middle portion 278 has.
- the closing element 226 is guided on the guide rail 272, so that the closing element 226 during the closing movement, the middle portion 278 of the guide rail 272 moves up into the upper portion 276 of the guide rail 272 until the closed position is reached, in which the closing element 226 the section 140a of the bottleneck 140 completely covered and rests with its rear edge on the front edge of the flow guide 132 and rests with its front edge on top of the vertical partition 142, so that the closing element 226 in the closed position through the vertical partition 142 downwards is supported.
- the metallic support structure 228, the guide of the closure element 226 on the guide rail 272 and the vertical partition 142 are of such a mechanical strength that the closure element 226 in the closed position by an operator is walkable, for example, maintenance or repair work on the conveyor 104 execute.
- the distance between the upper side of the closing element 226 in the closed position on the one hand and the lower edge of the vehicle bodies 102 conveyed by the conveying device 104 is from approximately 1.5 m to approximately 2 m. Due to the accessibility of the closing element 226 in the closed position, it is not necessary to provide the otherwise usual walk-on gratings, which delimit the application area 108 of the painting booth 110 downwards.
- the closing element 226 can still be flowed through by the exhaust air flow 120 in the closed position; However, the closing element 226 represents a significantly greater flow resistance than the unclosed constriction 140, for which reason the volume flow through the closing element 226 is significantly smaller than the volume flow through the unclosed section 140a of the constriction 140.
- precoat material or wet paint overspray originating from the lower section 138 of the flow chamber 128 are filtered out by the filter element 230 of the closure element 226 and therefore can not reach the application region 108.
- the regenerable surface filters 170 may be cleaned without allowing cleaned precoat material and cleaned wet paint overspray to pass upwardly from the lower portion 138 of the flow chamber 128 or wet paint overspray from the upper portion 136 of the flow chamber 128 downward can get.
- the closure element 226 can also be brought into the closed position when the surface filters 170 and / or the walls bounding the lower section 138 of the flow chamber 128 by means of the Precoat- feeders 144 and / or by whirling precoat material from the precoat receptacles 212th be coated by means of compressed air lances 220 with precoat material. Even during such precoatization phases, no precoat material can reach the application region 108 from the lower section 138 of the flow chamber 128 due to the closure element 226 located in the closed position.
- the closing element 226 is moved back into the open position by the drive gear 262 being driven counterclockwise by the electric motor 260, whereby the upper run 280 of the toothed belt 266 is moved to the left with the receiving plates 268 fixed thereto and thus the closure member 226 retracts into the open position (shown in broken line in FIG. 7).
- the two closing devices 224 for the left-hand section 140a of the constriction 140 and for the right-hand section 140b of the constriction 140 can be actuated simultaneously or temporally offset from one another.
- both sections 140a, 140b of the constriction 140 are simultaneously closed in order to carry out cleaning or precoating processes in the two sections 138a, 138b of the lower section 138 of the flow chamber 128 at the same time.
- the sections 14Oa, 14Ob of the constriction 140 are closed at different times in order to carry out cleaning or pre-coating operations in the two subsections 138a, 138b of the lower section 138 of the flow chamber 128 with a time offset from one another.
- Such an air-impermeable closing element may for example comprise a completely closed metallic plate without air passage openings.
- the respective section 140a, 140b of the constriction 140 is not completely closed by the closing element 226; Rather, in this case, the air-impermeable closing element is brought into a closed position in which it does not completely cover the respective section 140a, 140b of the constriction 140 to be closed, but a gap with a width of, for example, approximately 500 mm to approximately 700 mm for the passage of the Exhaust air flow 120 through the constriction 140 remains open.
- the closing time of the closing devices 224 is, for example, about 2 minutes to about 6 minutes in a cleaning and reprinting process, and for example, about 1 minute to about 2 minutes in an intermediate coating process.
- a second embodiment of a system 100 for painting vehicle bodies 102 which is illustrated in FIG. 11, differs from the first embodiment described above only in that the exhaust air line 192, via which exhaust air is removed from the recirculating air circuit 118 and discharged to the environment, is not from the downstream of the circulating air blower 182 arranged supply line 186, but branches off from the upstream of the circulating air blower 182 arranged exhaust manifold 180.
- an exhaust fan 282 is provided in the exhaust duct 192 instead of an exhaust damper 194.
- This embodiment has the advantage that by means of the supply air system 196 and the exhaust fan 282, a vertically from top to bottom directed air flow through the application area 108 and the flow chamber 128 can be maintained even if the circulating air fan 182 should fail. By maintaining such a vertical air flow through the application area 108, it is avoided that particles from the flow chamber 128 ascend into the application area 108 and contaminate the vehicle bodies 102 located there.
- FIG. 11 the second embodiment shown in FIG. 11 is identical in construction and function to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 10, to the extent of which the foregoing description is incorporated by reference.
- a third embodiment of a system 100 for painting vehicle bodies 102 which is illustrated in FIG. 12, differs from the first embodiment described above in that the air curtain generation devices 200 are not supplied with fresh air coming from the supply air system 196, but instead with purified exhaust air, which is diverted from the circulating air circuit 118.
- the air curtain generation devices 200 are connected via a respective branch line 284 to the supply line 186, which leads from the circulating air blower 182 and the downstream cooling register 184 to the air chamber 188 above the application area 108.
- control flaps 286 are arranged, and in the supply line 186 downstream of the branches of the branch lines 284 also a control valve 288 is arranged so that the circulating air flow as needed between the air curtain generating devices 200 on the one hand and the air chamber 188 and the application area 108 passing Air flow can be split.
- control flaps 286, 288 are adjusted so that the amount of air passing through the air curtain generators 200 per unit of time is from about 5% to about 15% of the amount of air passing through the application area 108.
- FIG. 12 the third embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is identical in construction and function to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 10, to the above description of which reference is made.
- a fourth embodiment of a system 100 for painting vehicle bodies 102 which is illustrated in FIG. 13, differs from the third embodiment described above in that the exhaust air line 192, via which exhaust air is discharged from the circulating air circuit 118 into the environment, instead of with an exhaust air flap 194 an exhaust fan 282 is provided.
- FIG. 13 the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is identical in construction and function to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 12, to the above description of which reference is made.
- a fifth embodiment of a system 100 for painting vehicle bodies 102 which is illustrated in FIGS. 14 to 17, differs from the first embodiment described above in that the exhaust air flow 120 does not pass directly to the regenerable surface filters 170 of the separating devices 168 after passing through the constriction 140 but the filter elements 172 of the surface filter 170 are protected by a cover 292 against direct access of the exhaust air stream 120.
- the exhaust air stream 120 first has to flow down a vertical side wall 294 of such cover 292, and then therethrough in a substantially horizontal direction through a narrowed portion 296 between the lower edge of the cover 292 and the upper edge of the precoat receptacles 212 to be able to get to the filter elements 172 of the regenerable surface filter 170.
- an additional lower precoat feed device 298 is arranged, which serves to provide the filter elements 172 with a protective layer of the precoat material.
- the precoat feeders 144 integrated into the flow guide elements 132 only serve to coat the lateral boundary walls of the lower section 138 of the flow chamber 128 with precoat material in order to prevent these surfaces from adhering to the exhaust air flow 120 before wet paint overspray to protect.
- a horizontal ceiling wall 300 of each cover 292 is below the associated flow guide element 132 and in the open position located closing element 226 and above the respective associated filter element 172 arranged to prevent direct access of the exhaust air flow 120 from above to the filter elements 172.
- the narrowed portion 296 between the cover 292, on the one hand, and the orifices 214 of the precoat receptacles 212, on the other hand, has a vertical extent in the range of about 150 mm to about 200 mm.
- the average flow rate of the exhaust air flow 120 through the restricted region 296 is in the range of up to about 10 m / s.
- each filter element is cleaned once every 50 minutes.
- the filter elements 172 are further particularly well protected in this fifth embodiment against sticking with wet paint overspray.
- the portions 140a, 140b of the constriction 140 (synchronous or time-shifted) are only closed to precoat processes of the lateral boundary walls of the lower portion 138 of the flow chamber 128 by means of the upper precoat feeders 144 and / or in the lower portion 138 of the flow chamber 128 Swirling precoat material out of the precoat receptacles 212 by means of the compressed air lances 220 without precoating material from the lower portion 138 of the flow chamber 128 into the application area 108 or wet paint overspray from the application area 108 into the lower portion 138 during these operations the flow chamber 128 can pass.
- FIGS. 14 to 17 is identical in construction and function to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 10, to the above description of which reference is made.
Landscapes
- Details Or Accessories Of Spraying Plant Or Apparatus (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06806005.2A EP1931480B2 (de) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-10-03 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum abtrennen von nasslack-overspray |
EP12173759.7A EP2505268B2 (de) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-10-03 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abtrennen von Nasslack-Overspray |
ES06806005T ES2393080T5 (es) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-10-03 | Dispositivo y método para la separación de pulverización excesiva de laca húmeda |
CN2006800353609A CN101272868B (zh) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-10-03 | 用于分离喷涂湿漆的装置和方法 |
CA002622665A CA2622665A1 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-10-03 | Device and method for separating wet paint overspray |
BRPI0616629-6A BRPI0616629A2 (pt) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-10-03 | equipamento e processo para a separação de overspray de verniz úmido |
JP2008533921A JP2009509760A (ja) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-10-03 | ウェットペイント過剰スプレー分離のための装置および工程 |
US12/098,210 US7988769B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2008-04-04 | Device and process for separating wet paint overspray |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005048580A DE102005048580A1 (de) | 2005-10-05 | 2005-10-05 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abtrennen von Nasslack -Overspray |
DE102005048580.4 | 2005-10-05 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/098,210 Continuation US7988769B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2008-04-04 | Device and process for separating wet paint overspray |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2007039276A1 true WO2007039276A1 (de) | 2007-04-12 |
Family
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PCT/EP2006/009563 WO2007039276A1 (de) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-10-03 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum abtrennen von nasslack-overspray |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7988769B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP1931480B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2009509760A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20080063468A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101272868B (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0616629A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2622665A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005048580A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2393080T5 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2008117084A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007039276A1 (de) |
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- 2005-10-05 DE DE102005048580A patent/DE102005048580A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-10-03 CA CA002622665A patent/CA2622665A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-10-03 EP EP06806005.2A patent/EP1931480B2/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-10-03 CN CN2006800353609A patent/CN101272868B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-03 RU RU2008117084/12A patent/RU2008117084A/ru unknown
- 2006-10-03 ES ES06806005T patent/ES2393080T5/es active Active
- 2006-10-03 JP JP2008533921A patent/JP2009509760A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-10-03 KR KR1020087008316A patent/KR20080063468A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2006-10-03 BR BRPI0616629-6A patent/BRPI0616629A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-10-03 EP EP12173759.7A patent/EP2505268B2/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-10-03 WO PCT/EP2006/009563 patent/WO2007039276A1/de active Application Filing
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2008
- 2008-04-04 US US12/098,210 patent/US7988769B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US8377177B2 (en) | 2007-08-24 | 2013-02-19 | Durr Systems Gmbh | Method for supplying auxiliary material and receptacle for auxiliary material |
EP2383048A1 (de) | 2007-08-24 | 2011-11-02 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden von Overspray eines flüssigen Beschichtungsmaterials |
DE102007040154A1 (de) | 2007-08-24 | 2009-05-07 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Verfahren zur Versorgung einer Beschichtungsanlage mit einem partikelförmigen Hilfsmaterial |
US9616370B2 (en) | 2007-08-24 | 2017-04-11 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Method and apparatus for introducing auxiliary material |
DE102007040153A1 (de) | 2007-08-24 | 2009-02-26 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden von Overspray eines flüssigen Beschichtungsmaterials |
US8584616B2 (en) | 2007-08-24 | 2013-11-19 | Durr Systems Gmbh | Method for supplying a coating system with a particulate auxiliary material |
WO2009026986A1 (de) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-03-05 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einbringen von hilfsmaterial |
RU2465964C2 (ru) * | 2007-08-24 | 2012-11-10 | Дюрр Системс Гмбх | Способ и устройство для внесения вспомогательного материала |
JP2010536567A (ja) * | 2007-08-24 | 2010-12-02 | デュール システムズ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 塗装システムに微粒子補助材を供給する方法 |
US8431180B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2013-04-30 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Paint shop and method of operating a paint shop |
US8658240B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2014-02-25 | Durr Systems Gmbh | Paint shop and method of operating a paint shop |
WO2010069407A1 (de) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Lackieranlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer lackieranlage |
WO2011057787A1 (de) * | 2009-11-11 | 2011-05-19 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Vorrichtung, system, bauteil, verfahren und zusammensetzung zur vermeidung von ablagerungen eines entsorgungsmittels in beschichtungsanlagen |
US11198145B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2021-12-14 | Dürr Systems Ag | Device, system, component, method and composition for preventing deposits of a disposal substance in coating installations |
RU2607204C2 (ru) * | 2011-04-16 | 2017-01-10 | Айзенманн Аг | Обрабатывающий узел, установка и способ обработки поверхности предметов |
CN104185512A (zh) * | 2012-03-07 | 2014-12-03 | 艾森曼股份公司 | 抽出含有过喷的工艺空气的方法和装置及涂覆物体的设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101272868A (zh) | 2008-09-24 |
KR20080063468A (ko) | 2008-07-04 |
US20080229925A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
EP2505268B1 (de) | 2017-02-01 |
BRPI0616629A2 (pt) | 2011-06-28 |
RU2008117084A (ru) | 2009-11-10 |
EP1931480B1 (de) | 2012-08-08 |
US7988769B2 (en) | 2011-08-02 |
ES2393080T3 (es) | 2012-12-18 |
EP2505268A1 (de) | 2012-10-03 |
CA2622665A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
EP1931480A1 (de) | 2008-06-18 |
JP2009509760A (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
ES2393080T5 (es) | 2021-06-28 |
CN101272868B (zh) | 2011-03-23 |
DE102005048580A1 (de) | 2007-04-19 |
EP1931480B2 (de) | 2020-09-30 |
EP2505268B2 (de) | 2020-02-19 |
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