WO2006033403A1 - マルチアンテナ無線通信システムのシンボルタイミング検出方法 - Google Patents
マルチアンテナ無線通信システムのシンボルタイミング検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006033403A1 WO2006033403A1 PCT/JP2005/017507 JP2005017507W WO2006033403A1 WO 2006033403 A1 WO2006033403 A1 WO 2006033403A1 JP 2005017507 W JP2005017507 W JP 2005017507W WO 2006033403 A1 WO2006033403 A1 WO 2006033403A1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2662—Symbol synchronisation
- H04L27/2665—Fine synchronisation, e.g. by positioning the FFT window
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0684—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using different training sequences per antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
- H04B7/0851—Joint weighting using training sequences or error signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2662—Symbol synchronisation
- H04L27/2663—Coarse synchronisation, e.g. by correlation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2668—Details of algorithms
- H04L27/2681—Details of algorithms characterised by constraints
- H04L27/2684—Complexity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
- H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a symbol timing detection method for a multi-antenna wireless communication system, and more particularly to a symbol timing detection method in a new generation high-throughput wireless LAN such as a wireless LAN having a multi-antenna configuration.
- the current LAN standard, 802.1 la is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).
- MIMO-OFDM which employs multi-antenna technology (MIMO) on the transmitting side and the receiving side as a technical means with high potential to improve the data transmission rate of the standard, and combines MIMO and OFDM, A technology that balances the advantages of high spectrum efficiency and high data rate with the advantages of MIMO, frequency selective fading resistance, and the advantages of OFDM.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is an improvement of the mono-antenna OFDM symbol timing algorithm. First, the complex autocorrelation value and power of the received signal are calculated, the coarse timing position is determined using the maximum normalized correlation (MNC) criterion, and then the cross-correlation value between the received signal and the tracing sequence is calculated. Calculate and constant search around coarse timing position Search for the position where the cross-correlation energy is maximum at the radius, and perform timing estimation with high accuracy.
- MNC maximum normalized correlation
- Non-Patent Document 2 also has two stages of coarse timing and high-precision timing.
- the difference from Non-Patent Document 1 is that the training sequence of Non-Patent Document 2 uses a modulated orthogonal sequence, and secondly, the coarse autocorrelation amplitude value of the received signal is not used in the coarse timing stage without using the MNC standard. The ratio of power to power is calculated to determine the coarse timing window!
- a timing training sequence is simultaneously transmitted from a plurality of antennas, and the coarse timing position is calculated based on a certain reference in the coarse timing stage, thereby achieving high accuracy.
- the position where the square of the cross-correlation amplitude is the maximum with a constant search radius centered on the coarse timing position is searched to obtain a high-precision timing position, and in the high-precision timing estimation stage, There is a problem that a method using a long training series is used and it cannot be easily realized.
- Non-patent literature l Allert van zelst, Tim CW Schenk, “Implementation of a MIMO OFDM—based Wireless LAN system, IEEE Trans. SP, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 48 3-493, Feb. 2004), IEEE Trans. SP, vol. 52, no. 2, February 2004, p483-493
- Non-Patent Document 2 AN Mody, GL Stuber, “Synchronization for MIMO OFDM systems. IEEE Global Comm. Conf., Vol. 1, pp509—513, Nov. 2001”, IEEE Global Comm. C onf., Vol. 1, November 2001, p509-513
- An object of the present invention is to reduce the amount of calculation significantly in a space division multiplexing OFDM system as compared with the prior art, and to detect accurate symbol timing and easily implement a multi-antenna radio.
- a symbol timing detection method for a communication system is provided. Means for solving the problem
- a symbol timing detection method for a multi-antenna wireless communication system is a symbol timing detection method for a multi-antenna wireless communication system, in which a transmission side transmits a timing training sequence with the power of only one antenna. Receives the timing training sequence to which the transmitting side power is also transmitted by a plurality of antennas, calculates a complex correlation amplitude value between a signal received by each antenna and a time delay of the received signal, and After synthesizing the complex correlation amplitude value output, the synthesized amplitude is compared with a predetermined threshold to determine a coarse timing window, and a convolution operation of the symbol sequence of the signal received by each antenna and the timing training sequence is performed. The results of convolution output of each antenna are synthesized, and the coarse timing window is synthesized. To search for the last of the convolutional peak value in the same, and to detect the timing of the symbol.
- a symbol timing detection method for a multi-antenna wireless communication system includes:
- a symbol timing method of a multi-antenna wireless communication system wherein a transmission side transmits a timing training sequence using only one antenna, and a reception side receives signals transmitted from the transmission side by a plurality of antennas, After calculating the complex correlation amplitude value between the signal received by each antenna and the time delay of the received signal, the complex correlation amplitude value output of each antenna is synthesized, and then the synthesized amplitude is compared with a predetermined threshold value.
- the coarse timing window is determined, and the real part of the symbol sequence of the signal received by each antenna is convolved with the real part of the timing training sequence to synthesize the convolution output results of each antenna, and the coarse timing
- the last convolution peak value in the window is searched to detect the symbol timing.
- FIG. 1A is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmitter of a MIMO OFDM system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. IB is a block diagram showing the configuration of the receiver of the MIMO OFDM system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the format of a training sequence of the multi-antenna system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a training sequence of the IEEE802.11a standard according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a block diagram showing symbol timing according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is a flowchart showing acquisition of a coarse timing window according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a result of simulation according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram showing a simulation result according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing an autocorrelation amplitude value according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- [7B] A diagram showing the autocorrelation amplitude value according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8A is a flowchart showing cross-correlation processing according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A Convolution output amplitude value according to the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9B shows a convolution output amplitude value according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10A Convolution amplitude value according to the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10B shows a convolution amplitude value according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram showing a search start sample position in the coarse timing window according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11B is a diagram showing a search start sample position in the coarse timing window according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a symbol timing algorithm according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention is based on an OFDM communication system such as IEEE802.11a and is developed to a multi-antenna system configuration in which N antennas are arranged on the transmission side and N antennas are arranged on the reception side. .
- serial Z parallel conversion section 101 multiplexes the input bit stream into N symbol substreams.
- the coding unit 102 performs channel coding on the input bit stream to improve noise resistance.
- the interleaver 103 interleaves the code output to reduce the bitstream correlation.
- Modulation section 104 modulates the output bit stream of interleaver 103 into a symbol stream. Pilot insertion section 105 inserts a pilot sequence for timing and channel estimation into the transmission symbol stream.
- the IDFT unit 106 performs N-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the modulation symbol stream.
- CP adding section 107 inserts a cyclic prefix (CP) into the symbol stream after the IDFT processing.
- TX section 108 transmits the obtained OFD M baseband symbol after carrier modulation.
- RX section 201 down-converts the received OFDM carrier signal into baseband symbols.
- the time frequency synchronization unit 202 performs frequency synchronization with symbol timing.
- CP shift section 203 deletes the cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol.
- the DFT unit 204 performs N-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT).
- the MIMO detection, channel estimation, demodulation, dingtering and decoding unit 205 performs reception signal processing, channel estimation, demodulation, dingtering and decoding on the DFT output, and then returns to the information bit stream.
- a training sequence also referred to as a pilot sequence or a preamplifier
- the training sequence between different antennas should be set as orthogonal or time-shifted orthogonal.
- the duration of the training sequence is T. If the training sequence transmitted by each antenna is T
- a time-shifted orthogonal method is used. Since the total length of the system training sequence increases linearly with the number of transmitting antennas N, for the sake of simplicity, in the present invention, the training sequence portion used for timing is transmitted only by the first antenna. Shown in 2 Thus, tl to tlO of antenna 1 # is a timing training series.
- Fig. 3 shows the format of a preamble training sequence defined in the IEEE802.11a standard.
- the preamble training sequence consists of 10 short symbols (tl to tlO) with a duration of 0.8 s and 2 long symbols ( ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 2) with a duration of 3.2 ⁇ s. .
- short symbols (tl to tlO) are used for automatic gain control (AGC), symbol timing, coarse frequency deviation detection, etc.
- long symbols (T1 to T2) are used for channel estimation and high-accuracy frequency synchronization.
- G 12 with a duration of 2 X 0.8 / zs is a long symbol cyclic prefix.
- After the training sequence is a data symbol stream.
- Both the short and long symbol sequences have a total duration of 8 s, which is a period of two OFDM symbols (the duration of each OFDM symbol is 4 ⁇ s).
- the frequency domain short symbol (length 64) of 2 s) is expressed by the following equation (1).
- S— 32 31 V13 / 6 * ⁇ 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1 + zo, 0,0,0, -1zo, 0,0,0,1 + , 0, 0, 0, — 1-zo, 0,0,0— 1
- r shon ⁇ 0.046 + y0.046 -0.132 + zo ⁇ .002, 1 0.013—zo 0.079,0. 143—zo 0.013, 0.092,0.143 -zo 0.013, 1 0.013—zo 0.079, — 0. 132 + zo ⁇ .002,
- r is one time-domain short symbol like tl and has a length of 16.
- the length is 160, and the length of one time domain short symbol sequence is It has a periodic characteristic of 16.
- the present invention shows the following algorithm based on these.
- the autocorrelation of the received signal is calculated to obtain a coarse timing window (step ST401), and the convolution of the received signal and the training sequence is calculated.
- the output peak value is obtained (step ST402), and finally the last peak value is searched in the coarse timing window to obtain the symbol timing position (step ST403).
- the autocorrelation calculation of the received signal and the convolution operation of the received signal and the training sequence can be processed in parallel.
- FIG. 4B there are a process for calculating the autocorrelation of the received signal and a process for calculating the cross-correlation between the received signal and the training sequence. Because it is different, we will analyze in detail below.
- the autocorrelation of the received symbol and its time delay is calculated at each receiving antenna terminal, the autocorrelation output amplitude of each antenna is synthesized, and then compared with a predetermined threshold value to obtain a coarse timing window. . Due to changes in the channel environment, it is necessary to adaptively adjust the threshold according to the channel conditions.
- the autocorrelation output amplitude value appears as a relatively flat area rather than as a single peak value, it is not possible to accurately determine the starting sample, particularly when the SNR is low.
- a coarse timing window i.e. a relatively flat area, can be determined by comparing the thresholds.
- FIG. 5A is a flowchart showing acquisition of the coarse timing window in the present embodiment.
- the autocorrelation of the received signal is calculated (step ST501), and the autocorrelation output of each antenna is synthesized by the following equation (3) using the spatial diversity characteristics of the multi-antenna reception system (step ST502).
- ⁇ is defined as L complex samples of the received sequence and its time delay, and r (n) is
- the nth sample received by the qqth antenna where N is the FFT score (ie, OFDM Subcarrier number).
- the coarse timing window is obtained by comparing the amplitude of ⁇ with a certain threshold (step ST503). As the channel environment changes, the threshold is adjusted appropriately according to the channel conditions.
- the method of Patent Document 1 first calculates the autocorrelation of the received signal and its time delay, the autocorrelation of the received signal, and the power of the received signal, and then uses the maximum normalization (MNC) criterion. Determine the timing position.
- MNC maximum normalization
- FIGS. 6A to 7B The results of the coarse timing simulation are shown in FIGS. 6A to 7B.
- the number of realizations of all channels is set to 100 during simulation, each OFDM subcarrier samples 1 sample, system parameters are IFFT, FFT score 64, CP length 16 and so on.
- the time delay L is 16 in accordance with the standard.
- Figures 6A and 6B show the autocorrelation amplitude values when no flat fading channel and noise are added, Figure 6A shows the output of a system with two transmit antennas and two receive antennas, and Figure 6B shows four transmit antennas and a receiver. The output results of a system with four antennas are shown.
- Figures 7A and 7B show the autocorrelation amplitude values for the flat forging channel and the low received signal-to-noise ratio environment (the received signal-to-noise ratio of each antenna is OdB), and Figure 7A shows the two transmitting antennas and two receiving antennas. System output, Figure 7B shows the output of a system with four transmit antennas and four receive antennas.
- the curve first rises to a certain value, then becomes relatively flat for N sample durations, and finally falls to a certain value.
- the case (Figs. 6A and 6B) is flatter than when noise is added (Figs. 7A and 7B).
- the purpose here is to detect the position of the (N + CP + 1) th sample from the first received sample.
- (64 + 16 + 1) 81 samples and Become.
- These correlated output amplitude values appear as relatively flat areas rather than as single peak values, so the sample cannot be accurately determined, especially when the SNR is low.
- the threshold in FIG. 6A can be set to 1.45 and the threshold in FIG. 6B can be set to 3.25
- a relatively flat area, or coarse timing window can be determined.
- the present invention performs the convolution operation of the received signal of each antenna and one short symbol using the periodic characteristics of the short sequence, and synthesizes the convolution results of each antenna.
- convolution is performed only on the real part symbol of the short sequence and the real part of the received signal for easy implementation.
- a plurality of convolution output peak values are obtained.
- the symbol timing position can be accurately determined.
- FIG. 8A is a flowchart showing the convolution processing in the present embodiment. Using the periodic characteristics of the time domain short symbol sequence, convolution of the received sequence of each antenna and one short symbol (length 16) is performed, and the spatial diversity characteristics are similarly calculated as shown in Equation (4). To synthesize the convolution results of each antenna.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the convolution of complex number r tr (n) is performed.
- FIG. 8B is a flowchart of the cross-correlation process of the conventional method, which performs correlation calculation between the received signal and the entire training sequence. Compared to the method of Figure 8A, the calculation is more complicated.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B show convolutional amplitude values without a flat fading channel and noise
- FIG. 9A shows the output of a system with two transmitting antennas and two receiving antennas
- FIG. The output of a system with 4 transmit antennas and 4 receive antennas is shown.
- Figures 10A and 10B show the convolutional output amplitude values (all standardized) for a flat fading channel and a low received signal-to-noise ratio environment (the received signal-to-noise ratio of each antenna is OdB), and
- Figure 10A shows two transmitting antennas.
- Figure 10B shows the output of the system with 4 transmit antennas and 4 receive antennas, and it can be seen that the convolution output peak value appears with the short symbol length as the period. .
- Figure 11A shows the symbol timing results of the system under flat conditions with the received signal-to-noise ratio of 10 dB for each antenna, 4 transmit antennas and 4 receive antennas. 3.
- Figure 11B shows the result of the symbol timing of the system under flat fading, the received signal-to-noise ratio of each antenna is OdB, 4 transmitting antennas and 4 receiving antennas, and the coarse synchronization threshold is 3.3. Is set to From this, it can be understood that the symbol timing can be accurately detected by the method of the present invention regardless of the condition of the general channel environment power HS signal-to-noise ratio.
- the symbol timing algorithm shown in the present invention is as shown in FIG.
- the present invention processes the autocorrelation (left side of the figure) and the convolution operation (right side of FIG. 12) in parallel.
- the received signal sample of each antenna is r, and each signal is multiplied by a complex conjugate of r and its time delay L.
- the search window (coarse timing window) is obtained by comparing it with a certain threshold value.
- the convolution operation the short training sequence in the frequency domain is converted to the time domain by IFFT, and then one short symbol is selected to obtain the real part symbol, and the real part of the received signal of each antenna is also obtained.
- the output C is obtained by convolution of the two and the output C is obtained, and the output peak value is obtained by combining the convolution results of each antenna.
- the system symbol timing is obtained by searching the last peak value within the coarse timing window.
- the present invention has the following advantages. In other words, since the system transmits a power timing training sequence with only one antenna, it is easy to implement.
- the coarse timing stage Whereas the coarse timing window is determined by directly calculating the autocorrelation of the received signal and its time delay, the conventional method calculates the time delay autocorrelation and the power and then calculates it based on a certain metric. The coarse timing position is calculated.
- the method of the present invention can omit the calculation amount of the received signal power and the measurement standard.
- the present invention calculates the convolution output of the received signal and the training sequence, and then searches for the final convolution peak value in the coarse timing window to determine the timing position.
- the conventional method searches for a position where the square of the cross-correlation amplitude of the received symbol and the training sequence is maximum with a constant search radius centered on the coarse timing position to obtain a highly accurate timing position. Since the search radius is fixed, the timing position obtained under different search radii may be different, which may lead to timing errors.
- the present invention uses the periodic characteristics of the short symbol sequence of the 802.11a standard preamble sequence to obtain the real part of the received signal and the real part of the 16-short symbol sequence. Whereas the convolution operation is performed using only symbols, the conventional method performs the correlation operation using the real and imaginary parts of the received signal and the real and imaginary parts of the entire reference sequence (length> 16). Is going.
- the method of the present invention is easier to implement than the conventional method.
- the spatial diversity characteristics of the multi-antenna system are used to perform processing after synthesizing the output of each antenna even if there is a gap between the coarse timing stage and the high-precision timing stage. Is small.
- the symbol timing detection method of the multi-antenna wireless communication system that is effective in the present invention is particularly suitable for a new generation high-throughput wireless LAN such as a wireless LAN having a multi-antenna configuration.
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US11/575,831 US20070291632A1 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2005-09-22 | Method for Detecting Symbol Timing of Multi-Antenna Radio Communication System |
CNA2005800322894A CN101027864A (zh) | 2004-09-24 | 2005-09-22 | 多天线无线通信***的符号定时检测方法 |
JP2006536420A JPWO2006033403A1 (ja) | 2004-09-24 | 2005-09-22 | マルチアンテナ無線通信システムのシンボルタイミング検出方法 |
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CNA2004100118809A CN1753395A (zh) | 2004-09-24 | 2004-09-24 | 多天线无线通信***的符号定时方法 |
CN200410011880.9 | 2004-09-24 |
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US20070291632A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
CN1753395A (zh) | 2006-03-29 |
CN101027864A (zh) | 2007-08-29 |
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