WO2005102594A1 - はんだ及びそれを使用した実装品 - Google Patents
はんだ及びそれを使用した実装品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005102594A1 WO2005102594A1 PCT/JP2005/007611 JP2005007611W WO2005102594A1 WO 2005102594 A1 WO2005102594 A1 WO 2005102594A1 JP 2005007611 W JP2005007611 W JP 2005007611W WO 2005102594 A1 WO2005102594 A1 WO 2005102594A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- solder
- eutectic
- temperature
- strength
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
- H05K3/3463—Solder compositions in relation to features of the printed circuit board or the mounting process
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12708—Sn-base component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solder and a mounted product using the same.
- the melting temperature is 220 ° C or higher, and the melting point of ordinary Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic solder is 183. Although it is about 40 ° C higher than ° C, it is used as a substitute for Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic solder for joining printed circuit boards and electronic components.
- Patent No. 1664488 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-189096
- the strength is increased by adding Bi to a Sn—Zn-based solder.
- the connection strength is improved by adding 0.1 to 3.5% by mass of Ag to the Sn-Zn-based solder.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-347394 the addition of Al, In, Ni, Cu, Ag, and the like to a Sn—Zn-based solder improves the strength (hardness), improves the wettability, and lowers the melting point. I'm trying.
- 2002-195433 attempts to increase strength (hardness), improve wettability, and lower the melting point by adding Ag and Bi to Sn—Zn-based solder. Further, in Japanese Patent No. 3357045, the wettability is improved by adding A1 to the Sn—Zn-based solder.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3027441
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 1664488
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-94687
- Patent Document 4 JP 2001-347394 A
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-2002-195433
- Patent Document 6 Patent No. 3357045
- the first problem is that lead contained in conventional Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic solder is harmful to the human body.
- the second problem is that a conventional Sn—Ag eutectic-based solder alloy material as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3027441 has a melting temperature of 220 ° C. or higher and a Sn—37 mass% Pb The eutectic is about 40 ° C higher than the solder melting temperature of 183 ° C.
- the third problem is that when using a Sn-Zn-Bi-based lead-free solder as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 1664488 V, the electronic components after mounting at 40 ° C and 125 ° C, respectively. It is difficult to maintain the same initial connection strength in a heat cycle test and a high-temperature, high-humidity atmosphere in which the sample is alternately left at a temperature for about 10 to 30 minutes. [0013] The reason is that when the soldering is performed on the copper electrode of the circuit board using the Sn-Zn-Bi solder and the electronic component is melted, the temperature is alternately increased to -40 ° C and 125 ° C for 10 to 30 minutes.
- the fourth subject ⁇ U uses Al-, In-, Ni-, Cu-, Ag-, etc. -94687, JP 2001-3473 Addition with the composition described in 94, even if sufficient strength is obtained in the initial stage, there is deterioration in strength at 85 ° C, 85% constant temperature and humidity test etc.
- the alloy composition is not sufficient to obtain reliability, and it is disadvantageous in terms of work because the melting temperature is high.
- Japanese Patent No. 357045 also shows that simply adding A1 or Bi to the Sn—Zn-based solder cannot provide connection reliability in a high-temperature and high-humidity test at 85 ° C. and 85%.
- the fifth problem is that, as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-195433, it is not possible to simply remove Ag with the composition described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-195433 for Sn-Zn-Bi based solder. , 85 ° C, 85%, constant temperature and humidity test is not sufficient to obtain reliability, and the amount of Ag added is not appropriate as an amount to obtain reliability. That is. [0017]
- the reason is that, when trying to reduce the amount of Ag of 0.075% by mass or less, the alloy structure becomes coarse and the strength is deteriorated by maintaining the alloy immediately at a high temperature. This is because the strength tends to deteriorate. Also, simply adding Ag to the Sn—Zn—Bi-based solder is not sufficient to prevent strength deterioration due to oxidation of the Zn-rich phase formed inside the solder.
- a sixth problem is that, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9 94687, when adding 1 to 3.5% by mass of AgO. If added, the melting point will rise sharply.
- the eutectic temperature of Sn-Ag is about 220 ° C or higher, and a phase due to Ag precipitates. Therefore, it is not possible to mount with a normal temperature profile of Sn-37% by mass Pb, and the melting point is about 40 ° C higher than that of Sn-37% by mass. This is because the reliability of the mounted product is impaired.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solder that has the same workability, use conditions, and connection reliability as conventional Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic solder and does not contain lead harmful to the human body. To provide.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a mounted product of an electronic component having high connection reliability by using the solder of the present invention.
- the solder according to the first invention of the present application contains Zn: 7 to 10% by mass, Ag: 0.075 to 1% by mass, A1: 0.07 to 0.5% by mass, and further contains Bi: 0 It is characterized by containing one or more of 0.1 to 6% by mass and Cu: 0.0007 to 0.1% by mass, with the balance having Sn and inevitable impurity.
- the solder according to the second invention of the present application includes: Zn: 7 to 10% by mass, Ag: 0.075 to 1% by mass, A1: 0.07 to 0.5% by mass, Cu: 0.007 to 0%. 1% by mass, Mg: 0.007 to 0.1% by mass, with the balance being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
- the solder according to the third invention of the present application includes: Zn: 7 to 10% by mass, Ag: 0.075 to 1% by mass, A1: 0.07 to 0.5% by mass, Bi: 0.01 to 6%. Mass%, Mg: 0.007 to 0.1 mass% It is characterized by having a composition comprising Sn and inevitable impurities.
- the solder according to the fourth invention of the present application includes: Zn: 7 to 10% by mass; Ag: 0.075 to 1% by mass;
- the balance is characterized by having a composition consisting of Sn and unavoidable impurities.
- a mounted product according to the present invention is characterized in that it has an electronic component and a circuit board to which the electronic component is soldered by the solder having any one of the above-described yarns.
- the solder alloy material according to the present invention has excellent low melting point and strength characteristics, uses tin, and does not use lead that is harmful to the human body.
- solder for example, Sn-8.8 mass% Zn eutectic structure is used as a mother phase, and 0.01 to 6 mass% of Bi and Z or 0.007 to 0 mass%.
- the liquidus temperature of the entire metal component in the cream solder can be lowered.
- the melting point difference between Sn-37% by mass Pb eutectic is about 10 ° C to 20 ° C, and it is necessary to introduce a new reflow furnace that can uniformly heat the entire mounting surface during reflow mounting. Since the same reflow furnace can be used as when using% Pb eutectic solder, there is no cost for introducing new equipment.
- Sn-8.8 material which is an example of a metal component matrix in the lead-free cream solder according to the present invention
- the eutectic temperature of the Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic solder is the closest to the eutectic temperature of 183 ° C, as described above. . Therefore, compared with other eutectic alloy-based solders, Sn-37 mass% when used for mounting electronic components can be used under conditions that are closest to the operating temperature conditions of eutectic solder. .
- the melting temperature of the Sn-Ag eutectic based solder alloy material is 220 ° C or higher, which is about 40 ° C higher than the melting temperature of 183 ° C for the Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic solder.
- the minimum temperature inside the furnace on the entire mounting surface is defined as Sn-Ag eutectic. If the melting temperature of the system is 220 ° C or higher, there are many cases where the maximum temperature in the furnace exceeds 250 ° C when the substrate surface area is larger than A4 size, or when electronic components with different heat capacities are mixed.
- the melting temperature of the system is 220 ° C or higher, there are many cases where the maximum temperature in the furnace exceeds 250 ° C when the substrate surface area is larger than A4 size, or when electronic components with different heat capacities are mixed.
- the lead-free cream solder based on Sn—8.8% by mass Zn eutectic is based on a conventional reflow furnace that has been used for mounting using Sn—37% by mass Pb eutectic cream solder. It can be used, and the maximum temperature in the furnace can be kept below the heat-resistant temperature of the mounted components, and the reliability of product functions will not be lost.
- balta of an alloy having a plurality of compositions was prepared, and DSC From the results of measuring the melting point by (differential scanning calorimeter), it was found that, based on the eutectic structure of Sn-Zn, A1: 0.07 to 0.5% by mass, and Bi: 0.01% by mass. Not less than 6% by mass and Cu: 0.007% by mass to 0.1% by mass. At least one element is contained. When Cu or Bi is contained, Mg: 0.007 to 0.1% is preferable.
- solder alloy material that contains 1% by mass, with the balance being Sn and inevitable impurities.
- a solder alloy to which Ag is added has been developed, and the following effects can be obtained with this solder alloy. It was confirmed.
- the temperature of the liquidus line can be brought close to the eutectic temperature of the Sn—37 mass% Pb alloy. Therefore, the entire mounting surface is newly It is possible to use the same reflow furnace as that using a conventional Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic solder that does not require the introduction of a reflow furnace capable of uniformly heating. Therefore, there is no cost for introducing new equipment.
- the electronic component can be mounted in the temperature range where the heat resistance is guaranteed, it is possible to mount the electronic component with reliability in terms of function.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the Ag content and Vickers hardness.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the Ag content and the liquidus temperature.
- FIG. 3 shows an SEM photograph of a eutectic structure of Zn-5 mass% A1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing Vickers hardness measurement results showing the effect of A1 in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows an SEM photograph of a eutectic structure of Zn-5% by mass A1-1% by mass Mg.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of Mg and Vickers hardness.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of Mg and the shear strength of chip resistance.
- FIG. 8 (a) and FIG. 8 (b) are schematic diagrams showing an example of a method for measuring the shear strength of a chip resistor.
- FIG. 9 shows an SEM observation photograph of a solder having a composition of Zn-5 mass% A1-1 mass% Cu.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between Cu content and Vickers hardness.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between Cu content and liquidus temperature.
- FIG. 12 shows an SEM observation photograph of a solder having a composition of Zn—5% by mass A1-1% by mass Mg—1% by mass Cu.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between Cu content and Vickers hardness.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the Bi content and the shear strength.
- FIG. 15 shows the tensile strength of a QFP lead wire.
- the solder according to the present invention is basically a Sn (tin) -Zn (zinc) alloy containing Sn as a base material, further contains Ag (silver) and A1 (aluminum), and further contains Bi ( Bismuth) and Cu (copper). Further, Mg (magnesium) can be contained.
- the Sn-Zn-based solder alloy containing the solder according to the present invention has the advantage of a eutectic alloy having a melting point closest to that of the Sn-Zn eutectic.
- the present invention provides a Sn-Zn eutectic solder in which the Sn-rich phase and the Zn-rich phase inside the Sn-Zn eutectic are oxidized to reduce the conventional problem of strength deterioration.
- Ag By adding Ag to the Zn-based solder alloy, the Sn-rich phase and Zn-rich phase inside the Sn-Zn eutectic are solid-solution strengthened by Ag. Thus, the problem of strength deterioration can be solved.
- the parent phase of the alloy structure has a Sn—7 to 10 mass% Zn eutectic structure.
- the eutectic structure serving as the parent phase is closest to the eutectic temperature of the Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic alloy of 183 ° C among the eutectic temperatures of the binary alloys as described above.
- Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic alloy can be used under conditions closest to the operating temperature of the solder. Monkey
- the lead-free solder material according to the present invention is a binary eutectic alloy having a Sn-Zn eutectic structure as a mother phase, but the binary eutectic alloy generally has no eutectic composition.
- the dense structure provides higher strength, less solidification shrinkage, and better fluidity during melting. There is little elemental prayer. Therefore, the zinc content of the present invention can be determined from the tensile test described in JIS Z 2241, the creep test described in JIS Z 2271 and JIS Z 2272, the Vickers hardness test described in JIS Z 2244, etc. The Zn content was set to 7 to 10% by mass as a range in which the same strength as in the case of was obtained.
- the Sn-Zn eutectic structure which contains Zn, forms brittle zinc oxide inside the solder in a high-temperature, high-humidity atmosphere of 85 ° C, 85% or the like, and thus has a low strength. Easy to deteriorate.
- the solder according to the present invention has a Sn-Zn eutectic structure as a matrix, and exists in the solder in a high-temperature and high-humidity atmosphere, which has been a problem with the conventional solder using the Sn-Zn eutectic, and is oxidized.
- the solid-solution strengthening of the Sn-rich phase and the Zn-rich phase inside the Sn—Zn eutectic alloy with Ag as described above prevents the deterioration of the solder strength. That is, in the solder of the present invention, as described above, by adding Ag, the zinc crystal grains are refined, and further, the solid solution is formed by dissolving Ag into the Sn-rich phase and the Zn-rich phase. Strengthening can increase solder strength.
- the content of Ag in the solder of the present invention is 0.075 to 1% by mass. As is clear from the experimental results described below, the addition of this amount of Ag has a higher tensile elongation than the case where no Ag is added. The properties of tensile strength and hardness are improved. Therefore, in order to obtain the above-described effects, the content of Ag is set to be 0.075 to 1% by mass.
- A1 0.07 to 0.5% by mass
- the solder of the present invention has a Bi content of 0.01 to 6% by mass, and as compared with the case of the Sn-Zn alloy solder in which Bi is not added, by adding a predetermined amount of Bi, the wettability to the copper plate is improved. This has the effect of improving the properties and initial bonding strength and lowering the melting point.
- the lower limit content of Bi shall be 0.01% by mass, which is the minimum content effective for lowering the melting point. When Bi is less than 0.01% by mass, no change is observed in the strength.
- the Bi content exceeds 6% by mass, a thermal cycle test in which the alloy is left at -40 ° C and 125 ° C alternately for about 10 to 30 minutes, and the bonding strength of the conventional Sn — 37 mass% Pb alloy solder or less, and connection reliability is a problem.
- the content of Bi is set to 0.01 to 6% by mass in consideration of advantages in connection reliability, wettability, and melting point. Further, by adding 0.01 to 6% by mass of Bi, the strength of the solder base material other than the Zn-rich phase can be increased, and high connection reliability can be obtained.
- Mg 0.007 to 0.1 mass. / 0
- the 0.007 to 0.1 mass 0/0 Cu instead of Bi be cowpea to ⁇ Ka ⁇ , it is possible to obtain the same effect as Bi added Caro above.
- Hard Zn in the Zn rich phase Precipitation of Mg intermetallic compound phase can increase the strength. However, precipitation of hard Zn—Mg intermetallic compound phase tends to cause brittleness. It is desirable to add simultaneously. Since this Cu has a function of finely dispersing the Zn—Mg intermetallic compound phase, it can prevent brittleness of the Sn—Zn-based solder and obtain a solder having high strength and high toughness.
- the strength inside or near the Zn-rich phase inside the solder is increased by adding a small amount of A1 and the addition of Mg and Cu further increases the Zn-rich phase. Reduce strength and solder melting point. Due to the addition of these elements, the solder according to the present invention has excellent mechanical strength and physical and chemical properties, and has a higher performance than other eutectic alloys or solders based on eutectic alloys. However, when used for mounting electronic components, it can be mounted at a melting point close to Sn-37% by mass Pb, so that it can be mounted below the heat-resistant guarantee temperature of conventional electronic components. High bonding reliability can be obtained even when the temperature environment changes between high and low temperatures.
- the solder material according to the present invention is suitably used for connection between electronic components or between an electronic component and a circuit board, but is not limited thereto.
- the solder alloy for surface mounting is powdered and classified so that the particle size is between 20 m and 40 m. Then, the cream solder is kneaded so that the flux becomes 12% by mass in the weak active flux.
- the present invention can be suitably used as an ingot for insertion mounting and a thread solder for ironing, and is not limited to these.
- the solder according to the present invention includes impurities mixed in the Sn, Zn, Al, Ag, Bi, Cu, and Mg raw materials and trace impurities mixed from a melting furnace during the manufacturing process. This does not preclude the inclusion of things, of course!
- the cream solder according to the present invention can mount electronic components on a circuit board under reflow conditions with the same temperature profile as conventional ones.
- the same or higher reliability as eutectic solder can be obtained.
- a particle size between 20 ⁇ m and 40 ⁇ m is preferably used. If the area for printing narrow pitch electrode wiring or cream solder is small, finer powder can be used.
- the flux content of the cream solder can also be varied from 9% by mass to 13% by mass depending on storage stability and printability, but the flux content is not limited to these.
- a printed circuit board, a ceramics substrate, a glass substrate, a Si substrate, or the like is suitably used as a circuit substrate used for connection, and is not limited thereto.
- the surface treatment of the circuit board electrode is preferably, but not limited to, Cu, Au, Sn, Sn—Pb alloy, Sn—Ag—Cu alloy, Sn—Zn alloy, and flux.
- the electronic components to be connected are also chip resistors, chip capacitors, LSI bare chips, SOP (Small Out-line Package), QFP (Quad Flat Package), BGA (Ball Grid Array), DIP (Dual In-line Package) And PGA (Pin Grid Array) are preferably used.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between Ag content on the horizontal axis and Vickers hardness on the vertical axis.
- the measurement results show that in a Sn—Zn alloy containing 8% by mass of Zn, 0.07% by mass of A1, and 0.05% by mass of Bi, the content of Ag was 0.05% by mass and 0.075% by mass. , 0.15% by mass, and 1% by mass were prepared, and the solder alloy materials of the examples were prepared at 85 ° C and 85% high temperature and high humidity for 1000 hours. After that, the results of measuring Vickers hardness are shown.
- the Vickers test was performed according to JIS Z2244 with a test load of 15 g and a pressurization time of 10 seconds. From FIG. 1, it was found that the hardness after holding at a high temperature was low when the Ag content force was 0.05% by mass or less. This is due to the strength deterioration caused by the coarsening of the crystal grains of the Zn-rich phase, and the hardness was lower than the Vickers hardness before holding at high temperature and high humidity.
- the Ag content exceeds 0.075 mass%, the crystal grains do not become coarse and the strength inside or near the Zn-rich phase according to the present invention does not deteriorate, so that the same strength as the initial solder is maintained. I was able to do it. For this reason, the connection content must be maintained at an Ag content of 0.075% by mass or more. It is necessary for one.
- FIG. 2 shows that, in a Sn—Zn alloy containing 8% by mass of Zn, 0.07% by mass of A1, and 0.05% by mass of Bi, the content of Ag was 0% by mass and 0.1% by mass.
- the temperature was measured from room temperature to 300 ° C at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min, and the temperatures of the liquidus line and the solidus line were measured from the obtained endothermic peak.
- the liquidus temperature when the amount of Ag added is up to 0.1% by mass, there is almost no difference in the DSC measurement peak compared to the case where Ag is not added.
- the amount of Ag added is 0.1% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less, the endothermic peak by DSC is such that another peak due to the addition of Ag is added to the shoulder portion of one peak on the high temperature side.
- the temperature of the liquidus line was constant at almost 210 ° C.
- FIGS. 3, 5, 8, 9, and 12 described below show each of Al, Mg, and Cu for the purpose of strengthening a Zn rich phase whose strength is easily degraded by oxidation.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for illustrating an effect obtained by adding an element. It was confirmed that the amount of each element added was very small and that it hardly dissolved in Al, Mg and Cu forces ⁇ .
- the effect of Al, Mg, and Cu on the Zn structure was examined by creating an ingot in which Zn was added with each of Al, Mg, and Cu. The structure was examined by observation. Further, the measurement results of Vickers hardness are also shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in the structure of the Zn-rich phase according to the present invention due to the A1-added casket.
- This is a photograph taken by melting and solidifying n and Al with a eutectic composition of Zn-5 mass% A1, then polishing the Balta surface, and observing and photographing the alloy structure with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the excellent strength of such a fine structure is due to the fact that the crystal grains are very fine, and when stress is applied and the dislocation density in the material is kept constant, the dislocations are concentrated at the grain boundaries. This is because breakage at the crystal grain boundary where the number is smaller than that of a coarse crystal grain can be prevented.
- A1 when A1 is added to a solder having a Sn—Zn eutectic structure as a mother phase, A1 hardly forms a solid solution with Sn and A1 does with Zn.
- the ability to dissolve a minute amount of solids A1 content is about 1.0% by mass or more based on the Zn content weight, that is, even if the minimum Zn content in the solder is 7% by mass, the A1 content is 0.07% by mass.
- the content of A1 is about 5% by mass with respect to the above-mentioned Zn content and the eutectic composition has the lowest melting point, Al of 5% by mass or more with respect to the Zn content, When the maximum Zn content in the solder is 10% by mass, adding 0.5% by mass or more of A1 increases the melting temperature and forms a coarse phase of A1 that is easily oxidized. Has a bad effect.
- solder according to the present invention was added with A1 in an amount of not less than 0.07% by mass and not more than 0.5% by mass as compared with the case where the Zn phase was coarsely present in Sn up to now. Therefore, the inside and vicinity of the Zn-rich phase in the Vickers hardness measurement by JI SZ 2244 shown in FIG. 4 described below is strengthened, and the Zn-rich phase becomes finer. In contrast, because of the dense structure in which dislocations are less likely to concentrate at the crystal grain boundaries, even if Zn is corroded during holding in a high-humidity atmosphere and brittle zinc oxide is formed, stress concentration on the zinc oxide may occur. Can be prevented by the refinement of crystal grains, so that deterioration in strength can be prevented. Therefore, according to the present invention, By using solder, the connection reliability of the product can be ensured even in a high humidity atmosphere.
- Fig. 4 shows the results of a hardness test performed to clarify the effect of improving the strength of a Zn-rich phase by adding a small amount of A1 in the present invention.
- Figure 4 shows the results for the Sn-8% by mass Zn 0.1% by mass Ag alloy, the Sn-8% by mass Zn—0.1% by mass Ag—0.4% by mass A1 alloy, and the Zn—5% by mass A1 alloy. It shows the results of measuring Vickers hardness for each ingot. Measurement of Vickers hardness The test was performed with a test load of 15 g and a pressurization time of 10 seconds according to IS Z2244.
- the conventional Sn-Zn eutectic solder has a Sn-rich phase and a Zn-rich phase force, and both phases have a Pickers hardness of 50 or less, which makes them softer at high humidity such as 85 ° C and 85%.
- the Zn-rich phase turned into brittle zinc oxide, resulting in deterioration in strength and poor connection reliability.
- the Sn—Zn-based solder of the present invention shows that the Sn—Zn eutectic is based on the measurement results of the Vickers hardness of the Sn—8 mass% Zn—0.1 mass% Ag—0.4 mass% A1 alloy. The hardness was higher than that of Sn-8% by mass Zn-0.1% by mass Ag alloy, a solder containing a small amount of Ag added to the alloy. In addition, those having a high hardness value also increased the solder strength according to the present invention from the results of the actual tensile test, which was a component.
- solder according to the present invention forms a new phase due to the added element aluminum in or near the Zn-rich phase in the solder due to the addition of the A1 element with the increase of the solder base material strength due to the Ag-added copper.
- the structure of the Zn-rich phase is modified and the strength is increased. This is also evident from the variation in the measured values shown by the line in the figure of the hardness measurement results.
- the maximum value of Sn-8% by mass Zn-0.1% by mass Ag-0.4% by mass A1 The value was obtained when the indenter of the hardness tester measured the Zn-rich phase, and it was confirmed from the fact that the hardness almost matched the value of the hardness of Zn-5 mass% A1 ingot.
- the solder of the present invention has a new phase of aluminum due to the additive element in or near the Zn-rich phase, even in the case of zinc phase corrosion and conventional zinc oxide formation in a high humidity atmosphere.
- high strength can be obtained because the strength is increased, and high reliability can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 shows the effect of adding Al and Mg to the Zn-rich phase in the solder of the present invention on the Zn-rich phase. — Photograph of 1 mass ° / ( ⁇ 8 melted and solidified, then polished Balta surface, observed and photographed the alloy structure by SEM. Sn-Zn eutectic structure as matrix When A1 and Mg are added to the solder, Al and Mg hardly dissolve in Sn and A1 and Mg dissolve in trace amounts in Zn. Affects phase structure.
- the A1 rich phase is represented by black contrast in the figure, and the white contrast in the figure is a force corresponding to the Zn rich phase. It was found that a hard Zn-Mg intermetallic compound phase was coarsely precipitated in the A1 eutectic alloy structure.As shown in Fig. 6, the strength was increased by adding Mg. The hard Zn-Mg intermetallic compound, which was coarsely precipitated in 5, was brittle against stress concentration due to the concentration of dislocations at the crystal grain boundaries, and became a material.
- Mg is 1% by mass or less based on the content of Zn in the solder, that is, in the present solder.
- Mg is 1% by mass or less based on the content of Zn in the solder, that is, in the present solder.
- the maximum content of Zn is 10% by mass
- the rack generation situation power was also confirmed.
- Cu is added simultaneously with Mg, as shown in Fig. 12, the structure in and around the Zn-rich phase is refined, so that the hard Zn-Mg intermetallic compound is finely dispersed and Even if brittle zinc oxide is formed, the concentration of dislocations at the crystal grain boundaries can be avoided, and the connection reliability is further increased.
- Mg was added, the effect on the strength was not observed when the content of Mg was 0.1% by mass or less based on the Zn content. Is less than 0.007% by mass, so there is no effect if Mg is less than 0.007% by mass.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of Mg on Vickers hardness, where Zn is 8% by mass, Ag is 0.075% by mass, A1 is 0.02% by mass, and Bi is 0.05% by mass. Mg was changed to 0 mass%, 0.1 mass%, 1 mass%, and 1.5 mass% with respect to the composition consisting of 2 shows the results of measuring the Vickers hardness of the sample. [0073] Vickers hardness was measured according to JIS Z2244 with a test load of 15 g and a pressurization time of 10 seconds.
- the strength of the inside of the Zn-rich phase or near the Zn-rich phase is increased by modifying the Zn-rich phase.
- the power of adding A1 to the steel and the addition of Mg is effective in increasing the hardness. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that the material is hard and brittle while applying force.
- the melting point of the solder of the present invention can be lowered by adding magnesium, and there is an advantage that mounting at the conventional component heat-resistant guaranteed temperature by the conventional equipment becomes possible.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of the Mg content on the shear strength.
- the composition of the solder whose shear strength was measured was as follows: Zn was 8% by mass, Ag force was 0.75% by mass, A1 was 0.02% by mass, Bi was 0.05% by mass, and Mg content was 0% by mass. , 0.05 mass%, 0.1 mass%, and 0.2 mass%, and the balance was Sn.
- a powder with these alloy compositions was formed, and a 1.6 mm x 0.8 mm chip resistor was mounted using a solder paste in which a flux with normal weak activity was kneaded at a content of about 10% based on the total weight. . Thereafter, the shear strength of the chip resistance was measured using a shear strength measuring jig 81 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a method for measuring the shear strength of chip resistance.
- a paste-shaped solder 82 is printed on a circuit board electrode 84 using a metal mask, and the electrodes of the chip resistor 83 are mounted at predetermined positions on the circuit board electrode 84, and then the solder is melted in a reflow furnace.
- the chip resistor 83 was mounted on the circuit board 85.
- the jig 81 is pressed against the center of the mounted chip resistor 83 in the longitudinal direction, and the jig 81 shears the chip resistor 83.
- the strength required to break the connection that is, the shear strength
- Fig. 9 shows the results obtained by examining the effect of a small amount of kneaded A1 and Cu on the Zn-rich phase of the present invention. / oAl—1 mass. After melting and solidifying with the composition of / oCu, the surface of the Balta is polished and S 4 is a photograph showing a result of observing an alloy structure by EM.
- A1 and Cu are added to a solder having a Sn-Zn eutectic structure as a mother phase, A1 and Cu hardly form a solid solution with respect to Sn, and A1 and Cu do not form a solid solution with Zn. A1 and Cu affect the Zn-rich phase structure in the solder due to its solid solution. From FIG. 9, it can be seen that even when Cu is added, a dense eutectic structure is maintained by the Zn rich phase and the A1 rich phase, and Zn-5% by mass is determined by the Vickers hardness measurement result in FIG.
- the addition of Cu has a higher toughness and a higher toughness that does not cause stress concentration at the crystal grain boundaries because there is no coarse precipitate phase while increasing the hardness. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the tensile strength of the barta of the solder alloy of the present invention was increased by strengthening the Zn-rich phase by adding Cu. Addition of less than 0.1% by mass of Cu with respect to the content of Zn exerted a force that did not affect Vickers hardness, so when the minimum content of Zn in the solder was 7% by mass, Is less than 0.007% by mass, no effect is exhibited. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
- the Cu content in the present solder is not less than 0.007% by mass and not more than 0.1% by mass in consideration of the Cu content that does not increase the melting point.
- the Zn-rich compatibilities in the solder are strengthened by copper slurries together with aluminum, and it is clear that the strength can be prevented from deteriorating in a high humidity atmosphere.
- Fig. 10 shows that the Vickers hardness of a Balta alloy having an alloy composition of Zn was changed by changing A1 to 5% by mass, Cu to 0% by mass, 0.1% by mass, and 1.0% by mass. The result of the measurement is shown.
- Vickers hardness measurement o In accordance with IS Z 2244, performed with a test load of 15 g and a pressurization time of 10 seconds o
- FIG. 11 shows that Zn is 8% by mass, Ag is 0.1% by mass, A1 is 0.02% by mass, Cu is changed from 0 to 0.3% by mass, and the rest is Sn.
- the results of measuring the liquidus temperature of the alloy with the alloy composition described above are shown below. From the results in Fig. 11, it is found that when the Cu content is 0.01% by mass or less, there is no change in the liquidus temperature as compared with the case where Cu is not removed.
- the melting point gradually increases to 0.1% by mass, and when 0.1% by mass or more of Cu is added, the liquidus line rapidly rises to 200 ° C or more.
- An increase in the melting point makes it difficult to perform reflow using the conventional temperature profile, and it is necessary to increase the reflow temperature profile. Therefore, there is a possibility that a temperature opening file that is higher than the heat-resistant guarantee temperature of the conventional parts may be required.
- the Cu content should be 0.1% by mass or less. Is valid if
- FIG. 12 shows that, in order to investigate the effect of a small amount of kneaded A1, Mg and Cu on the Zn-rich phase of the present invention, ⁇ 11-5 mass% 81 1 mass ° / ( ⁇ 8 — It is a photograph showing the result of observing the alloy structure by SEM after melting and solidifying with a composition of 1 mass% 01.
- the solder having the Sn-Zn eutectic structure as the mother phase was subjected to A1.
- Al, Mg, and Cu are added, A1, Mg, and Cu hardly form a solid solution with Sn, and trace amounts of A1, Mg, and Cu form a solid solution with Zn. Affects the Zn-rich phase structure in the solder.
- the alloy structure is dense, it is possible to prevent fractures due to stress concentration on the grain boundaries of coarse structures such as Zn-5 mass% A1-1 mass% Mg shown in Fig. 5 and toughness.
- This effect was observed when the content of Cu was almost the same as the content of Mg, and when the content of Zn was 0.1% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less. That is, when Mg is added to the present solder, it is advantageous to add Cu in terms of reliability of a connection portion where a stress is strong.
- the Cu content in Al is almost equal to the Mg content. It is desirable to be able to reduce the Cu content in the range from 0.007 mass% to 0.1 mass% in order to strengthen the material and not to increase the melting point. Better!/,.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the effect of Cu content on Vickers hardness.
- Fig. 13 shows the Vickers hardness of Balta with an alloy composition consisting of A1 of 5% by mass, Mg of 1% by mass, Cu of 0% by mass, 0.1% by mass, and 1.0% by mass, with the balance being Sn. This shows the results of measuring.
- Hardness can be softened more than 5 mass% 8 11 mass% Mg, and toughness can be increased. This means that the hard Zn-Mg intermetallic compound phase formed by Mg-added kneading as shown in Fig. 5 can be finely dispersed by Cu-added kneading as shown in Fig. 12. Because it can be.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the effect of the Ni content on the shear strength.
- the mass of Bi was changed to 1 mass%, 3 mass%, 6 mass%, 10 mass%, and 30 mass%.
- a 40 m alloy powder is formed, mixed with a weakly active flux to produce cream solder, and a 1.6 mm X 0.8 mm chip resistor is mounted on the circuit board using this cream solder.
- the chip is subjected to a thermal cycling test in which it is alternately held at 40 ° C and 125 ° C for about 30 minutes, and then the force required to shear the mounted chip resistors in the horizontal direction as shown in Fig. 8. That is, the result of measuring the shear strength is shown.
- the circuit board used for mounting was a Cu electrode that is usually used.
- the higher Bi content has the advantage of lowering the melting point of the solder alloy. When the Bi content is set to 6% by mass or more, the heat cycle after 1000 or more thermal cycles is stronger than when Bi is not added. Therefore, considering reliability, the Bi content should be less than 6% by mass.
- the lower limit of the Bi content was confirmed by a tensile strength test using a barta with a different Bi content and the effect on the melting point by DSC measurement.
- the content of Bi is 0.01% by mass or more and 6% by mass or less.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the effect of alloy composition on tensile strength.
- Zn was 8% by mass
- Ag was 0.075% by mass
- Bi was 1% by mass
- A1 was 0.07% by mass
- Mg was 0.01% by mass
- Cu was 0.01% by mass
- the rest was Sn.
- the solder powder according to the present invention having an alloy composition is mixed with a weak active flux to form a cream solder, and the cream solder is used to connect a copper lead wire of QFP, which is one of the electronic components, to a copper of a circuit board.
- FIG. 15 shows that the electronic component was made of a Sn-37 mass% Pb alloy, which is a conventional Sn-Pb eutectic solder, and a Sn-8.8 mass% Zn alloy, which is a Sn-Zn eutectic solder of the present invention.
- solder according to the present invention can be mounted with the same temperature profile as Sn-37 mass% Pb in a normal reflow furnace, and the temperature rises to a temperature higher than the component heat resistance temperature that requires introduction of new equipment. Can improve the reliability of the product.
- FIG. 15 shows that the solder according to the present invention was superior to the conventional Sn—Zn eutectic solder in the high-temperature and high-humidity atmosphere because of the strengthening of the Zn-rich phase by the structural modification.
- the first effect of the solder according to the present invention described above is that the solder alloy material according to the present invention uses tin, which has a low melting point and excellent strength properties, and uses lead which is harmful to the human body. What is that?
- the solder according to the present invention has a eutectic temperature of 199 ° C. which is the solder eutectic alloy composition closest to the eutectic temperature of 183 ° C. of the Sn—37 mass% Pb eutectic solder. This is because lead is eluted into the ground and is not likely to enter the human body through groundwater because the solder material with Sn-8.8 mass% 211 as the mother phase is used.
- the second effect of the solder according to the present invention is that in the present invention, the Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic solder has a eutectic solder closest to a melting temperature of 183 ° C. If you use a lead-free solder material with Sn-8.8 mass% Zn at a temperature of 199 ° C as a mother phase!
- the Sn-8.8 mass% Zn eutectic structure is used as a mother phase, and 0.01 mass% or more and 6 mass% or less of bismuth, and 0.07 mass% or more Ability to add 0.5% by mass or less of aluminum, 0.007% by mass or more and 0.01% by mass or less of copper, 0.007% by mass or more and 0.011% by mass or less of magnesium More preferably, silver is added in the above range.
- the third effect of the solder according to the present invention is that in the lead-free solder cream solder according to the present invention, an electronic component is formed on a copper plate using a solder material having a Sn-Zn eutectic structure as a base material structure.
- a solder material having a Sn-Zn eutectic structure as a base material structure.
- connection reliability is obtained by a thermal cycle test in which the temperature is alternately left for about 10 to 30 minutes
- A1 0. 07 to 0.5 wt%
- Mg 0. 007 to 0.1 mass 0/0
- Cu 0. 007 or were ⁇ Ka ⁇ a 0.1 mass 0/0.
- A1 hardly forms a solid solution with Sn, but precipitates a fine A1 rich phase inside or near the Zn rich phase, and increases the strength.
- Mg a hard Zn—Mg intermetallic compound phase is precipitated in the Zn-rich phase to increase the strength.
- the Sn-Zn eutectic structure is used as a parent phase to increase the strength of the Zn-rich phase, which is liable to be brittle by oxidation.
- the strength of or near the part was increased by the A1 precipitation phase, and the addition of Mg and Cu increased the strength of the Zn rich phase and lowered the melting point.
- the addition of Bi and Ag also strengthened the structure other than the Zn-rich phase. As a result, the reliability in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment is excellent, and it is an alternative material to the Sn-37 wt% Pb eutectic solder.
- the present invention is a lead-free solder, which has the same melting point as conventional Sn-37 mass% Pb eutectic solder, and has the same workability, use conditions, and connection reliability. , No pollution It is extremely useful as a solder.
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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JP2006512585A JP4770733B2 (ja) | 2004-04-21 | 2005-04-21 | はんだ及びそれを使用した実装品 |
US11/587,008 US7829199B2 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2005-04-21 | Solder, and mounted components using the same |
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JP2004125935 | 2004-04-21 | ||
JP2004-125935 | 2004-04-21 |
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PCT/JP2005/007611 WO2005102594A1 (ja) | 2004-04-21 | 2005-04-21 | はんだ及びそれを使用した実装品 |
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US (1) | US7829199B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4770733B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100756134B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN100540206C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005102594A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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TWI561329B (ja) * | 2012-04-18 | 2016-12-11 | Senju Metal Industry Co |
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US20050100474A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-12 | Benlih Huang | Anti-tombstoning lead free alloys for surface mount reflow soldering |
EP1749616A1 (de) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-07 | Grillo-Werke AG | Verfahren zum Lichtbogen- oder Strahllöten/-schweissen von Werkstücken gleicher oder verschiedener Metalle oder Metalllegierungen mit Zusatzwerkstoffen aus Sn-Basis-Legierungen; Draht bestehend aus einer Zinn-Basis-Legierung |
US7749336B2 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2010-07-06 | Indium Corporation Of America | Technique for increasing the compliance of tin-indium solders |
JPWO2007029329A1 (ja) * | 2005-09-09 | 2009-03-26 | 富士通株式会社 | はんだ合金、そのはんだ合金を用いた電子基板およびその製造方法 |
US20070071634A1 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2007-03-29 | Indium Corporation Of America | Low melting temperature compliant solders |
CN102152022A (zh) * | 2011-04-18 | 2011-08-17 | 宁波喜汉锡焊料有限公司 | 一种高抗氧耐蚀SnZn基无铅钎料 |
US20130029178A1 (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-01-31 | Shih-Ying Chang | Active solder |
DE102014220365A1 (de) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-04-28 | Vetter Pharma-Fertigung GmbH & Co. KG | System und Verfahren zur Vorbereitung einer Injektion |
CN107210241B (zh) * | 2015-03-10 | 2019-12-31 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 功率半导体装置 |
CN108098182A (zh) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-01 | 苏州铜宝锐新材料有限公司 | 一种环保抗腐蚀的焊锡膏 |
CN108032001A (zh) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-15 | 苏州铜宝锐新材料有限公司 | 一种环保抗腐蚀的焊锡膏的制备方法 |
CN109926750B (zh) * | 2019-05-17 | 2021-03-30 | 云南锡业集团(控股)有限责任公司研发中心 | 一种低温无铅焊料合金及其真空铸造方法 |
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- 2005-04-21 CN CNB2005800127872A patent/CN100540206C/zh active Active
- 2005-04-21 JP JP2006512585A patent/JP4770733B2/ja active Active
- 2005-04-21 WO PCT/JP2005/007611 patent/WO2005102594A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-04-21 CN CN200910160475A patent/CN101612694A/zh active Pending
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KR100756134B1 (ko) | 2007-09-05 |
US7829199B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
US20080026240A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
JP4770733B2 (ja) | 2011-09-14 |
CN101612694A (zh) | 2009-12-30 |
CN100540206C (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
KR20070005682A (ko) | 2007-01-10 |
CN1946510A (zh) | 2007-04-11 |
JPWO2005102594A1 (ja) | 2008-03-13 |
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