WO2005057641A1 - 電極、その製造方法およびそれを用いた半導体素子 - Google Patents
電極、その製造方法およびそれを用いた半導体素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005057641A1 WO2005057641A1 PCT/JP2004/018140 JP2004018140W WO2005057641A1 WO 2005057641 A1 WO2005057641 A1 WO 2005057641A1 JP 2004018140 W JP2004018140 W JP 2004018140W WO 2005057641 A1 WO2005057641 A1 WO 2005057641A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 315
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 315
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 133
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 133
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 80
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 42
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 14
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/45—Ohmic electrodes
- H01L29/452—Ohmic electrodes on AIII-BV compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L29/2003—Nitride compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- Electrode method of manufacturing the same, and semiconductor device using the same
- the present invention relates to an electrode, a method for manufacturing the same, and a semiconductor device using the same.
- HJFET Heterojunction Field Effect Transistor
- AlGaNZGaN structure AlGaNZGaN structure
- TiZAl structure for example, see Patent Document 1.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-7-248204
- Non-Patent Document 1 Kumar et al., Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 92, No. 3, p. 1712
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has as its object to provide a technique capable of obtaining a! / ⁇ electrode having a low surface roughness while realizing a low contact resistance.
- the present invention has a first metal layer and a second metal layer laminated on a semiconductor film formed on a substrate in this order from the side of the semiconductor film.
- the melting point of the eutectic alloy of the material and the second metal material forming the second metal film is higher than the heat treatment temperature, and the second metal material alloys with A1 at a temperature lower than the melting point of A1.
- the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing an electrode formed on a semiconductor film, wherein a step of forming a first metal film and a step of forming a second metal film on the semiconductor film, Performing a heat treatment on the first metal film and the first metal film at a temperature higher than the melting point of A1 by 40 ° C. or more, wherein the eutectic of the first metal film and the second metal film is provided.
- An electrode manufacturing method wherein the melting point of the alloy is higher than the temperature of the step of performing the heat treatment, and the second metal material does not alloy with A1 at a temperature equal to or lower than the melting point of A1.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional structural view showing one embodiment of an electrode provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial sectional structural view showing one embodiment of an electrode provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a partial sectional structural view showing one embodiment of an electrode provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a partial sectional structural view showing an embodiment of an electrode provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a partial sectional structural view showing one embodiment of a semiconductor device provided by the present invention.
- ⁇ 6 The ratio of the surface of the electrode provided by the prior art to the surface of the electrode provided by the present invention is one ratio.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph taken by an optical microscope for comparison.
- FIG. 7 is a phase diagram of a binary alloy of Fe—A1.
- FIG. 8 is a phase diagram of a binary alloy of Nb—A1.
- FIG. 9 is a phase diagram of a binary alloy of A1—Mo.
- the present inventor reacted with A1 in which Mo, which caused Mo causing the surface of an electrode having a TiZAlZMoZAu structure disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, to be roughened, was melted. Forming a eutectic alloy, forming a first metal film on the semiconductor film, further forming a second metal film, and then forming the first metal film on the first metal film.
- the present invention has a first metal layer and a second metal layer sequentially laminated on a semiconductor film formed on a substrate from the side of the semiconductor film, and at least the first metal layer and the second metal layer An electrode that comes into ohmic contact with the semiconductor film by heat-treating the metal layer.
- the first metal material that forms the first metal layer also has an A1 force
- the second metal that forms the first metal material and the second metal film An electrode characterized in that the melting point of the eutectic alloy with the material is higher than the temperature at which the heat treatment is performed and is equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the starting temperature force A1 for alloying the second metal material with A1. .
- the temperature at which alloying of the second metal material and A1 is started is more preferably equal to or higher than the heat treatment temperature.
- the starting temperature of alloying of A1 and the second metal material is preferably equal to or higher than the melting point of A1.
- the starting temperature of alloying of the second metal material with A1 is higher than the heat treatment temperature. It is even better.
- the reason for this is that in the case of a combination of Ti and A1, the melting point of the eutectic alloy of Ti and A1 is as high as 1400 ° C, but a force of about 300 ° C lower than the melting point of A1 is also alloyed. Tend. Such a metal material in which A1 does not melt and solid solution or eutectic formation starts and proceeds at a relatively low temperature is not suitable as the second metal material of the present invention.
- the alloying start temperature is more preferably higher than the heat treatment temperature, which is preferably equal to or higher than the melting point of A1.
- the second metal layer is at least one selected from the group consisting of Nb, W, Fe, Hf, Re, Ta and Zr. Formed from top metal !, preferably!
- the first metal layer is easy to form an ohmic contact with the semiconductor film, has a relatively low melting point, and is usually made of a metal.
- a metal that hardly forms an eutectic alloy with A1 even at a heat treatment temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of A1, that is, a eutectic alloy with A1 having the highest A1 composition is formed on the upper surface of the first metal made of A1. Since the second metal layer having a temperature higher than that of the heat treatment temperature is formed, the first metal layer and the second metal layer hardly form solid solution or eutectic during the heat treatment. As a result, even if a low contact resistance is realized by using a high heat treatment temperature, an effect that an electrode having a very flat surface shape can be realized can be achieved.
- a semiconductor device including a semiconductor film and an electrode provided on the semiconductor film, wherein the electrode is the above-described electrode. Provided.
- the semiconductor element is provided with the electrode having the above configuration, the electrode having a very flat surface shape while realizing low contact resistance by the same operation as above As a result, there is an effect that a semiconductor element having a fine electrode pattern can be manufactured with higher accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional structural view showing an example of the electrode provided by the present embodiment.
- the electrode provided by the present embodiment is obtained, for example, by forming a first metal film 102 and a second metal film 103 on a group III nitride semiconductor film 101 and patterning the film by, for example, a lift-off method. After forming, it can be formed by performing a heat treatment at a temperature not lower than the melting point of A1.
- a semiconductor film containing GaN, A1N, InN and a mixture thereof as a main component can be used.
- the first metal film 102 Can use a metal film that also has an Al force.
- the second metal film 103 has a melting point of a eutectic alloy of A1 which is a main component of the first metal film 102 and a heat treatment temperature for lowering resistance by making ohmic contact between A1 and the semiconductor film. It is preferred to select a relatively higher metal than. If the melting point of the eutectic alloy with A1 is higher than the temperature at which the heat treatment is performed, it is difficult to form an alloy with aluminum when the heat treatment is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of aluminum.
- a metal film having at least one metal force selected from the group consisting of Nb, W, Fe, Hf, Re, Ta and Zr All of these metals have a relatively low A1 composition when eutectic alloyed with A1, and the temperature at which the melting point or phase change of the eutectic alloy occurs is sufficiently higher than the heat treatment temperature!
- metal film made of a specific metal may be a metal film made of a specific metal alone or an alloy force of a specific metal and a different metal.
- Metal film may be a metal film made of a specific metal alone or an alloy force of a specific metal and a different metal.
- impurities may be contained in a trace amount.
- the second metal film which has a metal force that makes it difficult to form an eutectic alloy with A1
- the second metal film which has a metal force that makes it difficult to form an eutectic alloy with A1
- the second metal film forms Since the material of the second metal film almost always reacts with the dissolved A1 to form a eutectic alloy because it covers the surface of the single metal film, a flat surface shape with low contact resistance is required. Provided electrodes can be obtained.
- FIG. 7 is a phase diagram of a well-known binary alloy of Fe—A1.
- FeAl exists as the eutectic alloy of Fe—A1 having the highest A1 composition.
- the melting point or phase change temperature of this alloy is 11
- the melting point of the eutectic alloy having the highest A1 composition or the temperature at which phase change occurs is defined as A1 If the temperature is sufficiently higher than the heat treatment temperature for melting, the resulting alloy of A1 and Fe acts as a barrier, so it can be expected that the reaction with A1 will not proceed further.
- A1 and second metal constituting the first metal film are formed at the interface between the first metal film and the second metal film.
- An extremely thin alloy layer with a thickness of about 1 to 3 nm is formed with Fe constituting the metal film.
- This ultra-thin alloy layer of A1 and Fe becomes a norm layer in which A1 constituting the first metal film is dissolved in the second metal film.
- the second metal film made of Fe it is extremely flat. It is possible to obtain an electrode having various surface shapes.
- FIG. 8 is a phase diagram of a well-known binary alloy of Nb—A1.
- NbAl exists as a eutectic alloy of Nb-A1 having the highest A1 composition. Melting point or phase change of this alloy
- the temperature at which this occurs is 1660 ° C. This temperature is well above the melting point of A1.
- the semiconductor film is an AlGaN semiconductor film
- heat treatment in a wide temperature range of 830 ° C or more and 1000 ° C or less results in 1 ⁇ 10 —
- An electrode with low contact resistance of 5 Qcm 2 or less can be obtained.
- an electrode having a very flat surface shape can be obtained as shown in FIG.
- the melting point of the eutectic alloy with A1 which has the highest A1 composition, or the temperature at which a phase change occurs is also W1, Hf, Re, Ta, and Zr. Further, the alloying with A1 did not proceed at the melting point of A1 or the heat treatment temperature of 800 to 950 ° C, which is sufficiently higher than the melting point of A1.
- A1 and a metal such as Nb, W, Fe, Hf, Re, Ta and Zr form an alloy layer at the interface at the heat treatment temperature, and this alloy layer forms a solid solution with A1. It was found that A1 functions as a noria for solid solution or eutectic without crystallization.
- the melting point of the eutectic alloy of Ti and A1 is as high as 1400 ° C., but a force of about 300 ° C. lower than the melting point of A1 is alloyed. Even at a temperature at which A1 does not melt, alloying proceeds in a solid phase, and is not suitable as a second metal film. On the other hand, in the case of the combination of Fe, Nb and A1, the alloying in the solid phase is hardly observed.
- FIG. 9 is a phase diagram of a well-known binary alloy of A1-Mo.
- a heat treatment at 800 ° C causes a reaction from Al ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 Mo ⁇ Al Mo.
- the electrode provided by the present embodiment is preferably an electrode that makes ohmic contact with the semiconductor film.
- This electrode covers the surface of the first metal film made of A1 with a second metal film having a metal force that is 40 ° C or more higher than the melting point of A1 and is hard to form an eutectic alloy with A1 even at the heat treatment temperature. Therefore, the surface coverage of the electrode metal material on the semiconductor film does not decrease during the heat treatment.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional structural view showing an example of the electrode provided by the present embodiment.
- the electrode provided by the present embodiment includes an intermediate metal film 202 made of a metal having a melting point of A1 or more, a first metal film 203, and a second metal film on a group III nitride semiconductor film 201.
- 204 can be formed, followed by patterning by, for example, a lift-off method, and then performing heat treatment at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of A1.
- the group III nitride semiconductor film 201 for example, a semiconductor film containing GaN, A1N, InN and a mixture thereof as a main component can be used.
- the intermediate metal film 202 made of a metal having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1 is, for example, Ti, Nb, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo, Mn, Pt, Pd, Rh, Y, and Zr.
- a metal film made of at least one metal selected from the group can be used.
- the first metal film 203 for example, a metal film made of A1 is used.
- the second metal film 204 for example, one or more metal films selected from the group consisting of Nb, W, Fe, Hf, Re, Ta and Zr can be used.
- the electrode provided by the present embodiment includes a part or all of the first metal film 203 instead of the intermediate metal film. It may be a film made of an alloy of a metal material and the above-mentioned intermediate metal material.
- the first metal film is subjected to heat treatment (also referred to as annealing in this specification) conditions (mainly temperature and time), the first metal material before heat treatment.
- heat treatment also referred to as annealing in this specification
- a part or all may form a eutectic alloy or a solid solution alloy with the intermediate metal material.
- the first metal material and the intermediate metal material tend to make ohmic contact with the semiconductor film as a whole.
- an ohmic contact with the semiconductor film can be realized with better reproducibility by providing a structure including the intermediate metal film or the region made of an alloy with the intermediate metal material. can do.
- the intermediate metal material for the electrode is Ti, Nb, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo,
- It is preferably made of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, Pt, Pd, Rh, Y and Zr.
- the group III nitride semiconductor After laminating a metal film made of such an intermediate metal material between the film and the metal film also having the first metal material strength, heat treatment can be performed to realize better ohmic contact with the semiconductor film. Because you can.
- the intermediate metal material contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti and Nb, and the second metal material preferably has a structure made of Nb.
- Ti and Nb are metals having a melting point equal to or higher than the melting point of A1, and Nb is unlikely to form a eutectic alloy with A1 even at a heat treatment temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of A1. Since it is also a metal, the heat treatment after laminating a metal film made of such an intermediate metal material between the semiconductor film and the metal film made of the first metal material makes the semiconductor film more This is because a better ohmic contact can be realized.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional structural view showing an example of the electrode provided by the present embodiment.
- a first metal film 302, a second metal film 303, and a third metal film 304 having a metal force whose melting point is equal to or higher than the melting point of A 1 are formed on the group III nitride semiconductor film 301. It can be formed by forming, for example, patterning by a method such as lift-off, and then performing a heat treatment at or above the melting point of A1.
- the group III nitride semiconductor film 301 for example, a semiconductor film containing GaN, A1N, InN, or a mixture thereof as a main component can be used.
- the first metal film 302 for example, a metal film having A alloy strength or A1 alloy strength can be used.
- the second metal film 303 for example, a metal film having at least one kind of metal force selected from the group consisting of Nb, W, Fe, Hf, Re, Ta and Zr can be used.
- the third metal film 304 made of a metal having a melting point equal to or higher than the melting point of A1, for example, Cu, Ti, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo, Pt, Pd, Rh, Au, and Zr It is possible to use one or more selected metal films.
- the surface of the second metal film can be protected by further providing the third metal film having a melting point equal to or higher than the melting point of A1 on the second metal film.
- the resistance in the parallel direction can be reduced.
- the third metal material is one kind of metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ti, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo, Pt, Pd, Rh, Au and Zr. It is preferable that the alloy is composed of more than two kinds of metals.
- these metals are all metals having a melting point equal to or higher than the melting point of A1 and also have a property of preventing oxidation of the second metal film, they protect the surface of the second metal film. This is because the resistance in the direction parallel to the electrode surface can be reduced.
- the second metal material includes an alloy of Nb
- the third metal material includes a structure made of Au.
- Nb is a metal that is difficult to form an eutectic alloy with A1 even at a heat treatment temperature higher than the melting point of A1, so that Nb reacts with molten A1 to form an eutectic alloy. Few This is because an electrode having a flat surface shape having a very low contact resistance can be obtained. Also, because Au is a metal having a melting point equal to or higher than the melting point of A1, the surface of the second metal film can be protected and the resistance in the direction parallel to the electrode surface can be reduced.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional structural view showing an example of the electrode provided by the present embodiment.
- the electrode provided by the present embodiment includes, for example, an intermediate metal film 402, a first metal film 403, and a second metal film 40 on the GaN-based semiconductor film 401, which also have a metal force whose melting point is equal to or higher than the melting point of A1.
- 4.A metal film 405 having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1 is formed, followed by patterning by, for example, a lift-off method, followed by heat treatment at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of A1.
- GaN-based semiconductor film 401 a semiconductor containing GaN, A1N, InN, and a mixture thereof as a main component can be used.
- the intermediate metal film 402 having a metal force having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1 for example, Ti, Nb, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo, Mn, Pt, Pd, Rh, Y and Zr forces
- the first metal film 403 for example, a metal film having A or A1 alloy force can be used.
- the second metal film 404 for example, a metal film having one or more metal forces selected from the group consisting of Nb, W, Fe, Hf, Re, Ta, and Zr can be used.
- the metal film 405 having a metal force having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1 is, for example, selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ti, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo, Pt, Pd, Rh, Au and Zr.
- a metal film made of more than one kind of metal can be used.
- an electrode having a low contact resistance and a flat surface shape can be obtained, and ohmic contact with the semiconductor film can be realized with good reproducibility and good reproducibility.
- the surface of the second metal film can be protected, and the resistance in the direction parallel to the electrode surface can be reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional structural view showing an example of the semiconductor device provided by the present embodiment.
- the semiconductor device provided by the present embodiment is, for example, a semiconductor film (for example, AlGa N carrier supply layer 504) and electrodes (for example, source electrode 505 and drain electrode 506) provided on the semiconductor film, wherein the electrodes are the above-mentioned electrodes.
- a semiconductor film for example, AlGa N carrier supply layer 504
- electrodes for example, source electrode 505 and drain electrode 506 provided on the semiconductor film, wherein the electrodes are the above-mentioned electrodes.
- Semiconductor element for example, AlGa N carrier supply layer 504
- electrodes for example, source electrode 505 and drain electrode 506
- the semiconductor element provided by the present invention includes an electrode capable of realizing a low contact resistance and a flat electrode surface, and thus has an effect of easily forming a fine electrode pattern.
- the ohmic electrode and the alignment mark can be simultaneously formed, so that the process steps can be shortened or the precision of the fine pattern can be improved.
- the group III nitride semiconductor is exemplified by a material represented by the following formula (1) as an example.
- the material is not limited to this material.
- X and y are real numbers satisfying 0 ⁇ x ⁇ l, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ l, and 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1.
- a semiconductor film made of a material such as A1N, GaN, or AlGaN can be given.
- a semiconductor film made of a so-called mixed crystal such as GaInNAs, GaNP, GaNPAs, or AlNSiC can also be used. In this specification, these are collectively referred to as group III nitride semiconductors.
- Such a group III nitride semiconductor material has a sufficiently large forbidden band width and is a direct transition type, so that it can be applied to a short-wavelength light-emitting element.
- Group III nitride semiconductor materials can also be applied to electronic devices because a heterojunction with a high electron saturation drift rate allows the use of a two-dimensional carrier gas.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional structural view showing an example of an electrode provided by the present embodiment.
- the electrodes provided by the present embodiment include an AlGaN film (A1 composition ratio 0.3) as the group III nitride-based semiconductor film 101, an A1 film (60 nm thick) as the first metal film 102, and a second metal film.
- An Nb film (thickness: 35 nm) was sputter-deposited as the film 103, and was formed by performing heat treatment at 900 ° C. after patterning by, for example, a lift-off method.
- the A1 film was used as the first metal film.
- the first metal film may be a metal film having a mixed power of A1 and another metal, or a mixture of Si and N. May be.
- A1 be the main component.
- the thickness of the first metal film 102 made of the A1 film is set to 60 nm, and the thickness of the Nb film 103 is set to 35 nm.
- the thickness of the A1 film and the Nb film is set to a desired thickness. can do.
- the thickness of the Nb film is 10 nm or more. Is also good.
- the Al composition ratio of the AlGaN film is set to 0.3, and the Al composition ratio of the AlGaN film can be set to a desired composition ratio.
- the metal film is formed by sputter deposition, but it is also possible to laminate by another method such as electron gun deposition.
- the force heat treatment temperature was set to 900 ° C.
- the heat treatment temperature exceeded the melting point of A1.
- the temperature should be good. However, if the heat treatment temperature is increased, the contact resistance tends to decrease, so heat treatment at 800 ° C or more may be performed! ,.
- a metal film having a desired metal composition and a desired thickness can be laminated according to the purpose.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional structural view showing an example of the electrode provided by the present embodiment.
- the electrode provided by the present example is an AlGaN film (A1 composition ratio: 0.3) as the GaN-based semiconductor film 201, and an Nb film (film thickness) as an intermediate metal film 202 having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1. 5 nm), an A1 film 203 (film thickness 70 nm) as the first metal film, and an Nb film (film thickness 20 nm) as the second metal film 204 by electron gun vapor deposition. This was formed by performing a heat treatment.
- the Nb film covers the A1 film surface, Kotonagu 5 X 10- 6 ⁇ cm 2 or lower contact resistance for coverage for the semiconductor film of the electrode material is reduced Can be obtained.
- the Nb film and the A1 film hardly react at 850 ° C, a very flat electrode surface shape can be obtained, and it can be used without problem as a registration mark for position detection with an optical sensor. it can.
- an Nb film is used as the intermediate metal film 202 made of a metal having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1! Ti, Nb, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo, Mn, Pt , Pd, Rh, Y, and Zr forces
- a group consisting of one or more selected metallic forces can be substituted.
- the thickness of the Nb film is set to 5 nm
- the thickness of the intermediate metal film 202 made of a metal having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1 can be set to a desired thickness.
- the thickness of the intermediate metal film 202 made of a metal whose melting point is higher than the melting point of A1 should be smaller than the thickness of the first metal film 203 which also has A or A1 alloy force. I can do it.
- Apus was used as the first metal film 203, but as the first metal film, May be a metal film having a mixed power of Al and another metal, or may be a mixture of Si and N. However, since the contact resistance tends to increase when the ratio of A1 decreases, A1 may be the main component.
- a force using an Nb film as the second metal film 204 is a group force of Nb, W, Fe, Hf, Re, Ta and Zr forces. It is also possible to do so.
- the thickness of the A1 film 203 is set to 70 nm, and the thickness of the Nb film 204 is set to 20 nm.
- the thicknesses of the A1 film and the Nb film can be set as desired. However, if the thickness of the Nb film is reduced, the surface shape may be degraded due to a problem of strength.In order to reduce the possibility, the thickness of the Nb film should be lOnm or more. it can.
- the Al1 composition ratio of the AlGaN film was set to 0.3, and the Al composition ratio of the AlGaN film could also be a desired composition ratio.
- the metal film is formed by electron gun vapor deposition, but it is also possible to laminate by another method such as sputter vapor deposition.
- the power heat treatment temperature at a heat treatment temperature of 850 ° C may be any temperature that exceeds the melting point of A1. However, if the heat treatment temperature is increased, the contact resistance tends to decrease, so that heat treatment at 800 ° C or more can be performed.
- a metal film having a desired metal composition and thickness can be laminated according to the purpose.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional structural view showing an example of the electrode provided by the present embodiment.
- the electrodes provided by the present embodiment include an AlGaN film (A1 composition ratio of 0.3) as the GaN-based semiconductor film 301, an A1 film (60 nm thick) as the first metal film 302, and a second metal film 303 as the second metal film 303.
- Such electrode structures Nio, Te is Nb film covering the A1 film surface, coverage for semi conductor film because the electrode material is lowered Kotonagu 5 X 10- 6 ⁇ cm 2 following Low contact resistance Can be obtained.
- the Nb film and the A1 film hardly react at 950 ° C, a very flat electrode surface shape can be obtained, and it can be used without problem as an alignment mark for position detection with an optical sensor. it can.
- the A1 film was used as the first metal film.
- the first metal film may be a metal film made of a mixture of the A1 film and another metal, or may be Si, N May be mixed.
- A1 can be the main component.
- a force using an Nb film as the second metal film 303 is a group force of Nb, W, Fe, Hf, Re, Ta, and Zr forces.
- the thickness of the first metal film 302 made of the A1 film is set to 60 nm
- the thickness of the second metal film 303 made of the Nb layer is set to 35 nm.
- the thickness of the Nb film can be a desired thickness.
- the thickness of the Nb film can be 10 nm or more.
- the Al1 composition ratio of the AlGaN film was set to 0.3, and the Al composition ratio of the AlGaN film could also be a desired composition ratio.
- a force using a 50 nm-thick Au film as the third metal film 304 having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1 is also used as the third metal film 304 having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1.
- the trimetallic film 304 does not directly contribute to the contact resistance and surface shape between the semiconductor film and the electrode material.
- the third metal film 304 is not particularly necessary.
- Cu, Ti, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo, etc. are used to protect the Nb film surface and reduce resistance in the direction parallel to the electrode surface.
- a group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Au and Zr A metal film made of one or more selected metals can be provided.
- the metal film is formed by electron gun evaporation, but it is also possible to laminate by another method such as sputter evaporation.
- the heat treatment temperature at 850 ° C was higher than the melting point of A1.
- the temperature should be good. However, if the heat treatment temperature is increased, the contact resistance tends to decrease, so that heat treatment at 800 ° C or more can be performed.
- a metal film having a desired metal composition and thickness can be stacked according to the purpose.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional structural view showing an example of an electrode provided by the present embodiment.
- the electrode provided by the present embodiment is composed of AlGaN (Al composition ratio 0.3) as the GaN-based semiconductor film 401, and Ti (film thickness 15 nm) as the intermediate metal film 402 having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1.
- An electron gun is deposited by a thickness of 50 nm, patterned by, for example, a lift-off method, and then subjected to a heat treatment at 850 ° C.
- Nb film is Kotonagu 5 X 10- 6 ⁇ cm 2 or lower contact resistance coverage decreases for semi conductor film of the electrode material for covering the A1 film surface An electrode having the same was obtained. At the same time, since the Nb film and the A1 film hardly react at 850 ° C, a very flat electrode surface shape can be obtained, and it can be used without problem as a registration mark for position detection with an optical sensor. did it.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph by an optical microscope showing a comparison between the surface of the electrode provided by the conventional technique and the surface of the electrode provided by the present invention.
- the electrode having the TiZAlZMoZAu structure according to the prior art had rough irregularities formed on the electrode surface by heat treatment at 850 ° C (30 seconds).
- the electrode with the TiZAlZNb ZAu structure had a flat surface even after the heat treatment at 850 ° C (30 seconds), as shown in the right figure of Fig. 6.
- the Ti film is used as the intermediate metal film 402 made of a metal having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1, but Ti, Nb, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo, Mn, Pt, A group consisting of Pd, Rh, Y and Zr A metal film of any one or more selected metals can be substituted.
- the thickness of the intermediate metal film 402 made of a metal whose force melting point is higher than the melting point of A1 when the thickness of the Ti film is 15 nm can be set to a desired thickness.
- a metal that reacts with A1 during heat treatment there is a possibility that all of A1 contained in the first metal film 403 will be used in the reaction with the intermediate metal film 402, which has a metal force whose melting point is higher than the melting point of A1. Therefore, in order to reduce the possibility, the intermediate metal film 402 made of a metal having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1 and having a thickness smaller than the thickness of the first metal film 403 which also has A or A1 alloy force is used in order to reduce the possibility. be able to.
- the Al1 composition ratio of the AlGaN film was set to 0.3, and the A1 composition ratio of the AlGaN film could also be a desired composition ratio.
- the A1 film was used as the first metal film 403.
- the first metal film may be a metal film having a mixed power of A1 and another metal, or Si or N may be used. You may mix.
- A1 since the contact resistance tends to increase when the ratio of A1 decreases, it is preferable to use A1 as a main component.
- a force using an Nb film as the second metal film 404 is a group force of Nb, W, Fe, Hf, Re, Ta, and Zr forces. It is also possible to do so.
- the force of the first metal film 403 made of the A1 film was set to 60 nm
- the thickness of the second metal film 404 made of the Nb film was set to 35 nm.
- the thickness can be a desired thickness.
- the thickness of the Nb film can be 10 nm or more.
- a force using a 50 nm thick Au film as the third metal film 405 having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1 is also used as the third metal film 405 having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1.
- the trimetal film 405 does not essentially directly contribute to the contact resistance and surface shape between the semiconductor and the metal.
- the third metal film is not particularly required.
- Cu, Ti, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo, Pt, and the like are used to protect the Nb film surface and reduce the resistance in the direction parallel to the electrode surface.
- Pd, Rh, Au, and Zr forces A group of one or more selected metal films can be provided.
- the metal film is formed by electron gun vapor deposition, but it is also possible to laminate by another method such as sputter vapor deposition.
- the power heat treatment temperature at a heat treatment temperature of 850 ° C may be any temperature that exceeds the melting point of A1. However, if the heat treatment temperature is increased, the contact resistance tends to decrease, so that heat treatment at 800 ° C or more can be performed.
- a metal film having a desired metal composition and thickness can be stacked according to the purpose.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional structural view showing an example of the semiconductor device provided by the present embodiment.
- the semiconductor device provided by the present embodiment is a field effect transistor.
- the field-effect transistor includes, for example, an A1N buffer layer 502 (100 nm thick) and a GaN carrier traveling layer 503 (film) formed on a SiC substrate 501 by vapor phase epitaxy using an organic metal.
- a thickness of 2 ⁇ m) and an AlGaN carrier supply layer 504 (A1 composition ratio 0.3, film thickness 30 nm) are laminated in this order.
- a source electrode And a drain electrode 506 and a gate electrode 507 having a structural force different from that of the above-mentioned electrodes.
- the AlGaN carrier supply layer 504 is covered with a photoresist, and a portion where the source electrode 505 and the drain electrode 506 are arranged using an exposure apparatus such as a stepper. At the same time, the photoresist at the portion where the registration mark for arranging another metal is arranged is exposed and removed.
- the melting point is higher than the melting point of A1
- the intermediate metal film 402 made of metal is an Nb film (7 nm thick)
- the first metal film 403 is an A1 film (65 nm thick)
- the second metal film Nb film film thickness 35 nm
- Au film film thickness 50nm
- a source electrode 505 and a drain electrode 506 are formed.
- a registration mark for arranging another metal is also formed at the same time. Thereafter, the photoresist is covered again with a photoresist, and the photoresist in the portion where the gate electrode 507 is to be disposed is exposed and removed using an exposure apparatus such as an electron beam exposure with reference to the alignment mark.
- a Ni film (thickness: 15 nm) and an Au film (thickness: 300 ⁇ m) are sequentially stacked as the gate electrode 507 by electron gun vapor deposition, and unnecessary metal is removed by lift-off.
- a gate electrode 507 is formed, and a field-effect transistor is manufactured.
- the Nb film and the A1 film hardly react at 900 ° C, and a very flat electrode surface shape can be obtained. Can be formed. Therefore, since the gate electrode can be arranged based on the alignment mark, a narrow and fine field effect transistor between the source electrode and the drain electrode can be formed. Furthermore, the step of separately forming the alignment mark is omitted, and the period required for manufacturing the field-effect transistor or the number of steps can be reduced.
- the above structure is described as an example of the crystal structure used for the field-effect transistor.
- the crystal structure used for the field-effect transistor can be any structure depending on the purpose.
- the thickness of the intermediate metal film 402 in which the force melting point when the thickness of the Nb film is set to 7 nm and the metal melting point is higher than the melting point of A1 can be set to a desired thickness.
- the Al composition ratio of the AlGaN carrier supply layer can be set to a desired composition ratio by setting the Al composition ratio of the AlGaN carrier supply layer to 0.3.
- the melting point is higher than the melting point of A1, and all of A1 contained in the first metal film 403 is reacted with the intermediate metal film 402 made of metal.
- the thickness of the intermediate metal film 402, which has a melting point higher than the melting point of A1, and the first metal film which also has A1 alloying force It can be thinner than 4003.
- the A1 film is used as the first metal film 403, but the first metal film 403 may be a metal film made of a mixture of A1 and another metal. And N may be mixed. However, since the contact resistance tends to increase when the ratio of A1 decreases, it is preferable that A1 be the main component.
- a force using an Nb film as the second metal film 404 is a group force of Nb, W, Fe, Hf, Re, Ta, and Zr forces. It is also possible to do so.
- the force of the first metal film 403 made of the A1 film was set to 65 nm, and the thickness of the second metal film 404 made of the Nb film was set to 35 nm.
- the thickness of the Nb film can be set to 10 nm or more.
- a force using a 50 nm-thick Au film as the third metal film 405 having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1 is used as the third metal film 405 having a melting point higher than the melting point of A1.
- the trimetallic film 405 does not essentially contribute to the contact resistance between the semiconductor and the metal and the surface shape.
- the third metal film 405 is not particularly necessary.
- Cu, Ti, V, W, Ta, Re, Mo, etc. are used to protect the Nb film surface and reduce resistance in the direction parallel to the electrode surface.
- a group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Au and Zr A metal film made of one or more selected metals can be provided.
- the metal film is formed by electron gun evaporation, but it is also possible to laminate by another method such as sputter evaporation.
- the power heat treatment temperature at which the heat treatment temperature is set to 850 ° C. may be any temperature that exceeds the melting point of A1. However, if the heat treatment temperature is increased, the contact resistance tends to decrease, so that heat treatment at 800 ° C. or more can be performed.
- a metal film having a desired metal composition and thickness can be stacked according to the purpose.
- a force using a field-effect transistor as the semiconductor element for example, a semiconductor element using a group III nitride semiconductor film, among which a light emitting diode, a laser diode, Semiconductor elements such as Schottky diodes and bipolar transistors may be used.
- a semiconductor element using a group III nitride semiconductor film among which a light emitting diode, a laser diode
- Semiconductor elements such as Schottky diodes and bipolar transistors
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Junction Field-Effect Transistors (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US10/574,933 US7323783B2 (en) | 2003-12-08 | 2004-12-06 | Electrode, method for producing same and semiconductor device using same |
JP2005516102A JPWO2005057641A1 (ja) | 2003-12-08 | 2004-12-06 | 電極、その製造方法およびそれを用いた半導体素子 |
US12/007,218 US7615868B2 (en) | 2003-12-08 | 2008-01-08 | Electrode, method for producing same and semiconductor device using same |
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US7323783B2 (en) | 2008-01-29 |
US20070018316A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
US7615868B2 (en) | 2009-11-10 |
JPWO2005057641A1 (ja) | 2007-07-05 |
US20090029353A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
US20080179743A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
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