WO2005030386A1 - 光反応装置及び光反応制御方法 - Google Patents
光反応装置及び光反応制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005030386A1 WO2005030386A1 PCT/JP2004/013238 JP2004013238W WO2005030386A1 WO 2005030386 A1 WO2005030386 A1 WO 2005030386A1 JP 2004013238 W JP2004013238 W JP 2004013238W WO 2005030386 A1 WO2005030386 A1 WO 2005030386A1
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- reaction
- photoreaction
- light source
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/121—Coherent waves, e.g. laser beams
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photoreaction device that generates a photoreaction by irradiating a pulsed laser beam to an object, and a photoreaction control method.
- Patent Document 1 describes that in a photoreaction device, a feedback control is performed on a waveform of a pulsed light emitted to a reaction object by a laser light source so that a photoreaction occurs with a suitable reaction efficiency. I have.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-10-223959
- Non-Patent Document 1 A. Baltuska et al., Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields ", Nature Vol.421, p.611 (2003)
- pulsed light having a predetermined wavelength is expressed as an electromagnetic wave oscillating at a wavelength cycle in an envelope waveform (electric field amplitude waveform) corresponding to the square root of the time waveform of the intensity.
- envelope waveform electric field amplitude waveform
- CEP carrier envelope phase
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and it is intended to sufficiently improve the reaction efficiency of a photoreaction even when pulsed light having a short pulse time width is used. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photoreaction device and a photoreaction control method that can perform the reaction.
- the photoreaction apparatus comprises: (1) a laser light source that emits pulsed light of a predetermined wavelength irradiated on a reaction target; Reaction evaluation means for evaluating the photoreaction occurring in the object; (3) control operation means for calculating control conditions for the laser light source based on the evaluation result of the photoreaction by the reaction evaluation means; Light source control means for controlling the relationship between the phase velocity in the resonator and the group velocity in the laser light source based on the control conditions.
- the photoreaction control method includes: (1) a light irradiation step of irradiating a pulsed light of a predetermined wavelength emitted from a laser light source to a reaction target; and (2) a reaction target by the pulsed light. (3) a control operation step of calculating control conditions for the laser light source based on the evaluation result of the light reaction in the reaction evaluation step; A light source control step of controlling a relationship between a phase velocity and a group velocity in a resonator in the laser light source based on a control condition.
- the generation condition of the pulsed laser light used for the photoreaction is determined with respect to the inside of the resonator of the laser light source.
- Feedback control This makes it possible to variously control the generation conditions of the pulsed light, which is formed only by the time waveform of the pulsed light intensity.
- the phase velocity and the group velocity in the resonator it is possible to adjust the CEP in the envelope waveform of the noise light emitted from the laser light source, as described later. Therefore, even when pulse light having a short pulse time width is used, the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction can be sufficiently improved.
- the pulse time width is reduced by performing feedback control on the relationship between the phase velocity and the group velocity in the resonator in the laser light source! Even when pulsed light is used, the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction can be sufficiently improved.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a first embodiment of a photoreaction device.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a CEP which is a phase of vibration in an envelope waveform of pulsed light.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a modified example of the laser light source used in the photoreaction device shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the refractive index characteristics of BK7 glass as an example of a wavelength dispersion medium
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a reaction evaluation section.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing another example of the configuration of the reaction evaluation unit.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a second embodiment of the photoreaction device.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing another example of the configuration of the reaction evaluation unit.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing another example of the configuration of the reaction evaluation unit.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a third embodiment of the photoreaction device.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of an optical waveform shaper.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fourth embodiment of the photoreaction device.
- FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a dispersion optical system used for an optical amplifier.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a propagation state of pulsed light.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a first embodiment of a photoreaction device according to the present invention.
- the photoreaction device 1A is a device that irradiates a pulsed laser beam of a predetermined wavelength to a reaction target to cause a photoreaction, which is an interaction between light and a substance, in the reaction target.
- the photoreaction device 1A according to the present embodiment includes a laser light source 10, an excitation device 19, a reaction evaluation unit 20, a control operation device 30, and a light source control device 35.
- the reaction target to be irradiated with the pulsed laser light is disposed in the reaction chamber S.
- the laser light source 10 is a pulse laser light source that emits pulsed light having a predetermined wavelength and a predetermined time width, which is irradiated on a reaction target in the reaction chamber S.
- the laser light source 10 has a laser medium 11 used for a laser operation, and reflection mirrors 12 and 13 which are arranged with the laser medium 11 interposed therebetween to constitute a resonator.
- the reflection mirror 12 is a total reflection mirror
- the reflection mirror 13 is a partially transmitting mirror functioning as an output mirror.
- a wavelength dispersion medium 14 is provided between the laser medium 11 and the output mirror 13 in the resonator of the laser light source 10.
- an excitation device 19 that supplies excitation energy necessary for laser operation to the laser medium 11 of the laser light source 10 is provided.
- Excitation energy to the laser medium 11 is supplied by, for example, means such as excitation light, current, and discharge.
- an excitation light source that supplies excitation light to the laser medium 11 is used as the excitation device 19.
- the pulse laser light output from the laser light source 10 via the output mirror 13 is applied to the reaction chamber S.
- a photoreaction occurs when pulsed light is incident on a reaction target placed in the reaction chamber S.
- the reaction efficiency of this photoreaction is affected by the intensity (or energy) of the pulsed light and the time waveform (envelope waveform).
- the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of the oscillation in the envelope waveform of the pulsed light greatly affects the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction.
- a reaction evaluation unit 20 is provided for a reaction target in the reaction chamber S in which a photoreaction occurs by pulsed light.
- the reaction evaluation unit 20 is an evaluation unit that evaluates a photoreaction generated on a reaction target in the reaction chamber S by a pulse laser beam from the laser light source 10.
- the reaction evaluation section 20 has a reaction measurement device 21 for measuring a photoreaction generated in a reaction target.
- the reaction evaluation unit 20 evaluates reaction conditions such as the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction generated in the reaction target with reference to the measurement result by the reaction measurement device 21.
- the conditions for generating the pulse laser light in the laser operation of the laser light source 10 are controlled by the control operation device 30 and the light source control device 35.
- the evaluation result of the photoreaction by the reaction evaluator 20 is input to the control arithmetic unit 30.
- the control arithmetic unit 30 calculates and obtains a feedback control condition for the laser light source 10 based on the evaluation result, in consideration of a desired reaction efficiency of the photoreaction, etc., so as to obtain a sufficient reaction efficiency.
- the control condition of the laser light source 10 obtained by the control operation device 30 is input to the light source control device 35.
- the light source control device 35 controls a laser oscillation condition in the laser light source 10 based on the control condition input from the control operation device 30.
- the light source controller 35 controls the phase velocity and group velocity in the resonator in the laser light source 10 composed of the mirrors 12 and 13 based on the above control conditions. To control the relationship.
- the laser light source 10 operates as a laser by supplying excitation energy from the excitation device 19 to the laser medium 11. Then, a pulse laser beam of a predetermined wavelength emitted from the laser light source 10 is irradiated on the reaction target in the reaction chamber S (light irradiation step). At this time, a photoreaction occurs in the reaction target due to the incidence of the pulse light.
- the reaction evaluation unit 20 measures the photoreaction generated in the reaction target by the reaction measurement device 21 (reaction measurement step), and refers to the measurement result to the reaction target.
- the generated photoreaction is evaluated (reaction evaluation step).
- the control arithmetic unit 30 responds A suitable control condition for the laser light source 10 is calculated and obtained based on the evaluation result of the photoreaction by the evaluation unit 20 (control calculation step).
- the light source control device 35 controls the relationship between the phase velocity in the resonator and the group velocity in the laser light source 10 based on the obtained control condition (light source control step). As a result, the CEP in the pulse light emitted from the laser light source 10 is controlled, and the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction is maintained at a desired efficiency.
- the photoreaction evaluation result of the reaction target in the reaction chamber S is referred to and used for the photoreaction.
- the conditions for generating the pulsed laser light are feedback-controlled in the resonator of the laser light source 10.
- the pulse light generation conditions and characteristics that include only the envelope waveform corresponding to the square root of the time waveform of the pulse light intensity are Can be controlled in various ways.
- the pulse light generation conditions and characteristics that include only the envelope waveform corresponding to the square root of the time waveform of the pulse light intensity are Can be controlled in various ways.
- the envelope waveform of the pulse light emitted from the laser can be adjusted to a CEP that achieves the desired efficiency.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a carrier envelope phase (CEP), which is a phase of vibration in the envelope waveform of the pulse light emitted from the laser light source.
- CEP carrier envelope phase
- the graph (a) of FIG. 2 shows the pulse light when the peak time of the envelope waveform and the peak time of the oscillation in the cycle of the light wavelength in the envelope waveform coincide with each other.
- 6 is a graph showing a time waveform of FIG.
- Graph (b) in Fig. 2 shows the pulsed light when the peak time of the envelope waveform and the peak time of the vibration in the envelope waveform are shifted by 90 ° in terms of the electric field phase.
- 7 is a graph showing a time waveform of FIG. In these graphs, the horizontal axis indicates time t (relative value), and the vertical axis indicates electric field amplitude E (relative value) of light.
- the electromagnetic wave (solid line) of the pulse light from the laser light source 10 is expressed as a waveform oscillating in an envelope waveform (dashed line).
- the phase of the oscillation in the envelope waveform does not matter when considering the interaction between the pulsed light and the substance.
- the pulse time width of the pulsed laser beam becomes shorter (for example, less than lOfs)
- the peak of the envelope waveform of the pulsed laser beam becomes smaller.
- the pulsed light emitted from the ultrashort pulse laser light source shifts the CEP for each temporally continuous pulsed light. Therefore, when such a pulsed laser beam is applied to a photoreaction, phenomena occur such that the reaction efficiency is high for one pulsed light and low for another pulsed light. The reaction efficiency is not sufficiently improved. The occurrence of such a CEP shift is thought to be due to the mismatch between the phase velocity and the group velocity in the cavity of the laser source (DJ Jones et al., "Carrier-Envelope Phase Control of Femtosecond Mode-Locked Lasers and Direct Optical Frequency Synthesis ", SCIENCE Vol.288, p.635 (2000)).
- the laser light source power also performs feedback control of the emitted pulse light waveform.
- the force CEP it is not possible to adjust the force CEP that can adjust the phase relationship between the wavelengths of the pulsed light extracted outside the resonator. That is, since the CEP of the pulsed light depends on the laser oscillation mechanism inside the resonator, the CEP cannot be adjusted by feedback control of the pulsed light emitted outside the resonator.
- the relationship between the phase velocity and the group velocity is feedback-controlled in the resonator of the laser light source 10.
- the CEP within the envelope waveform of the laser light emitted from the laser light source 10 can be suitably controlled, and therefore, even when pulse light with a short pulse time width is used, light The reaction efficiency of the reaction can be sufficiently improved.
- control calculation device 30 calculates a force based on the evaluation result of the photoreaction by the reaction evaluation unit 20 to calculate a suitable control condition for the laser light source 10. It is possible to use a method of uniquely determining the control condition by a simple calculation using a relational expression or the like given in a rough manner. [0030] In general, the efficiency of the photoreaction is complicatedly influenced by many parameters unique to the reactant, and thus it is often difficult to uniquely determine the control condition by simple calculation.
- control arithmetic unit 30 changes the parameters of the excitation light little by little using a simulation door-ring method (annealing method) or a genetic algorithm, thereby increasing the reaction efficiency in a desired direction, or It is possible to use a method of approaching the optimal condition by stochastically adopting the parameters of the excitation light at the time of the decrease.
- a simulation door-ring method annealing method
- a genetic algorithm thereby increasing the reaction efficiency in a desired direction, or It is possible to use a method of approaching the optimal condition by stochastically adopting the parameters of the excitation light at the time of the decrease.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes that a CEP of a pulsed light is measured, and feedback control of a laser light source is performed so that the measured value becomes a predetermined value.
- the configuration of the apparatus becomes large in order to measure CEP.
- pulsed light is applied to photoreaction, it is not always clear what type of CEP pulsed light is suitable for a desired photoreaction.
- the reaction efficiency can be effectively increased.
- the relation between the phase velocity and the group velocity is controlled by controlling the excitation device 19 that supplies excitation energy to the laser medium 11.
- a controlled configuration can be used. That is, since the laser medium 11 itself has a nonlinear optical effect by itself, parameters such as wavelength dispersion in the resonator change depending on the oscillation state of the laser light. Accordingly, by adjusting the amount of excitation energy supplied from the excitation device 19, matching between the phase velocity and the group velocity in the resonator of the laser light source 10 is realized, and the pulse light emitted from the laser light source 10 is adjusted. CEP can be controlled.
- a configuration is used in which the relationship between the phase velocity and the group velocity is controlled by controlling the wavelength dispersion medium 14 provided in the resonator of the laser light source 10 including the reflection mirror 12 and the output mirror 13. May be.
- the chromatic dispersion medium 14 installed in the resonator does not directly contribute to the original laser oscillation operation, such a dispersion medium 14 is installed in a resonator, and the dispersion is transmitted to the light source.
- the control device 35 By adjusting by the control device 35, matching between the phase velocity in the resonator of the laser light source 10 and the group velocity can be realized, and the CEP of the pulsed light can be controlled.
- such a dispersion medium 14 may not be provided in the resonator if unnecessary.
- the relationship between the phase velocity and the group velocity is controlled by modulating the phase or intensity of the light extracted from the resonator (main resonator) of the laser light source 10 and returning the light into the resonator.
- the resonator is composed of a main resonator and a sub-resonator, and the light extracted from the main resonator is modulated by the sub-resonator.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a modification of the laser light source used in the photoreaction device shown in FIG.
- the laser light source 10a shown in the configuration (a) of FIG. 3 has a laser medium 11, and a reflection mirror 12 and an output mirror 13 which are arranged with the laser medium 11 interposed therebetween to form a main resonator.
- the reflection mirror 12 is a partial transmission mirror, and the reflection mirror 12 and the total reflection mirror 15 form a sub-resonator. Then, in the sub-resonator, between the reflection mirror 12 and the total reflection mirror 15, an optical modulation element 16 functioning as a dispersion control mechanism is provided.
- the light modulating element 16 that modulates the phase or intensity of light is provided in the sub-resonator, and the modulation characteristic is adjusted by the light source control device 35, so that the inside of the resonator of the laser light source 10a is adjusted.
- the CEP of the pulsed light can be controlled.
- the resonator in the laser light source 10a has a double resonator structure, and the optical modulation element 16 is provided not in the main resonator but in the sub-resonator, so that the influence on the laser oscillation threshold and other oscillation characteristics is reduced. It is possible to control the CEP by modulating the light while suppressing it.
- FIG. 3 An example of a specific configuration of the light modulation device 16 shown in the configuration (a) of FIG. 3 is shown in a configuration (b) of FIG.
- a wedge-shaped prism 16a that is a light-transmitting medium and has a dispersion characteristic with respect to wavelength is used as a light modulation element 16, and two prisms 16a are arranged to face each other. Place. By moving these prisms 16a in and out of the optical path in the sub-resonator, the length of the optical path through which the light passes through the prism 16a is adjusted, and the modulation characteristics are controlled.
- the light modulation element various elements other than the above can be used.
- the configuration (c) in FIG. 3 shows another modification of the laser light source.
- the laser light source 10b shown in the configuration (c) of FIG. 3 has a laser medium 11, a reflection mirror 12, and an output mirror 13 which are arranged to sandwich the laser medium 11 and constitute a main resonator.
- the reflection mirror 12 is a transmission mirror, and the reflection mirror 12 and the reflection type spatial light modulator 17 form a sub-resonator.
- a prism 18 is provided as a wavelength resolving element.
- the light whose main resonator force also passes through the reflection mirror 12 and is wavelength-resolved by the prism 18 is incident on different positions on the reflection type optical modulator 17 for each wavelength component.
- the amount of phase modulation at each position is controlled by the light source control device 35. Even with such a configuration, light modulation and control thereof can be realized.
- a sub-resonator may be configured by using a transmission type optical modulator and separately installing a reflection mirror.
- the modulation of light in the resonator may be intensity modulation instead of phase modulation. That is, the oscillation in the resonator of the laser light source is due to the nonlinear optical effect via the laser medium. Therefore, for example, when the intensity modulation is performed by the light modulation element, the condition of the phase synchronization also changes, and the CEP of the pulsed light can be controlled.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the refractive index characteristics of BK7 glass as an example of the wavelength dispersion medium.
- the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength of light (nm)
- the vertical axis indicates the refractive index ⁇ ( ⁇ ) depending on the wavelength.
- the phase velocity is represented by cZn () because the phase velocity is the velocity at which the light wave propagates through the medium.
- c is the speed of light.
- the group velocity is the speed at which the energy of the noose light moves. This group velocity coincides with the light velocity c when propagating in a space where the refractive index does not depend on wavelength, such as in a vacuum.
- the group velocity generally decreases, and the center wavelength of the pulse light is set to 0.
- the greater the wavelength dependence of the refractive index of the medium the greater the difference between the phase velocity and the group velocity.
- the phase velocity in the medium is 1.986 x 10 8 (m) at a wavelength of 800 nm, while the group velocity is 1 965 X 10 8 (m).
- the delay time difference due to these depends on the propagation distance of light in the medium, so that the longer the optical path length in the medium, the wider the delay time difference.
- various factors such as the refractive index of a laser medium and the wavelength dispersion of a reflection mirror can be considered as factors that influence the propagation speed of a light wave.
- the thickness on the road it is possible to adjust the delay time difference between the phase velocity and the group velocity as a whole, including other factors such as the refractive index of the laser medium.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the reaction evaluation section 20.
- a reaction measuring device 21 is configured by an X-ray spectrometer 21a and an X-ray detector 21b.
- Ar argon
- a rare gas Ar (argon) gas sealed in the reaction chamber S as a reaction target of the photoreaction.
- this Ar gas is irradiated with pulsed light having a wavelength of, for example, around 800 nm, higher harmonics are generated in the pulsed light by a multiphoton process.
- This higher harmonic is light in the X-ray wavelength region with 10 or more orders (eg 13th to 19th)
- the X-ray spectroscope 21a and the X-ray detector 21b by selectively detecting light (X-rays) having a specific wavelength emitted from the reaction chamber S by the X-ray spectroscope 21a and the X-ray detector 21b, the light in the Ar gas in the reaction chamber S is detected.
- the generated light reaction can be measured and evaluated.
- the CEP of the pulsed light used for the photoreaction greatly affects the order of the higher-order harmonics generated with high efficiency in the reaction target. Therefore, high-order harmonics in the X-ray wavelength region are detected by the X-ray spectrometer 21a.
- the CEP of pulsed light can be evaluated by spectroscopically observing the generation efficiency of light of a specific order.
- a configuration for measuring light in the X-ray wavelength region a configuration using only an X-ray detector without installing an X-ray spectrometer may be used. Further, as the X-ray detector (photodetector), it is preferable to use one having sufficiently small sensitivity to the wavelength of the pulse laser beam.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing another example of the configuration of the reaction evaluation unit 20.
- a reaction measuring device 21 is constituted by a mass analyzer 21c.
- the photoreaction can be evaluated by measuring the production efficiency of a specific substance among the plural kinds of substances.
- the substance produced by the photoreaction in the reaction chamber S is specified by the mass spectrometer 21c, and the photoreaction is evaluated by measuring the produced amount and the like.
- various configurations other than the configurations shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be used as the reaction measurement device 21 of the reaction evaluation unit 20.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a second embodiment of the photoreaction device according to the present invention.
- the photoreaction device 1B includes a laser light source 10, an excitation device 19, a reaction evaluation unit 20, a control operation device 30, and a light source control device 35.
- a laser light source 10 an excitation device 19, a reaction evaluation unit 20, a control operation device 30, and a light source control device 35.
- the configurations of the laser light source 10, the excitation device 19, the control operation device 30, and the light source control device 35 are the same as those shown in FIG.
- a reaction evaluation unit 20 is provided for a reaction target in the reaction chamber S in which a photoreaction is generated by pulse light from the laser light source 10.
- a part of the pulse laser light emitted from the laser light source 10 is branched into a predetermined position on a light path between the output mirror 13 of the laser light source 10 and the reaction chamber S.
- a light splitting mirror 22 that splits by ratio is installed.
- the reaction evaluating section 20 in the present embodiment has a reaction generating device 23 and a reaction measuring device 24 corresponding to the light splitting mirror 22.
- the pulse light split by the light splitting mirror 22 is incident on the reaction generation device 23 of the reaction evaluation section 20, and the second light reaction is generated in the reaction generation device 23 by the pulse light.
- the reaction measuring device 24 measures the second photoreaction generated in the reaction generating device 23.
- the reaction evaluation unit 20 refers to the measurement result by the reaction measurement device 24 and the correlation between the photoreaction generated in the reaction target in the reaction chamber S and the second photoreaction generated in the reaction generation device 23, and The reaction conditions such as the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction generated in the object are evaluated.
- the laser light source 10 operates as a laser by supplying excitation energy from the excitation device 19 to the laser medium 11. Then, a pulse laser beam of a predetermined wavelength emitted from the laser light source 10 is irradiated on the reaction target in the reaction chamber S (light irradiation step). At this time, a photoreaction occurs in the reaction target due to the incidence of the pulse light.
- a part of the pulsed light emitted from the laser light source 10 toward the reaction chamber S is branched by the light branching mirror 22 and guided to the reaction generating device 23 of the reaction evaluating section 20 (light branching step). Then, in the reaction generating device 23, a second photoreaction occurs due to the pulse light incident from the light splitting mirror 22 (reaction generating step).
- the reaction measuring device 24 measures the photoreaction generated in the reaction generating device 23 (reaction measuring step), and refers to the measurement result to the reaction chamber.
- the photoreaction generated in the reaction target in S is evaluated (reaction evaluation step).
- the control calculation device 30 calculates and obtains a suitable control condition for the laser light source 10 based on the evaluation result of the photoreaction by the reaction evaluation section 20 (control calculation step).
- the light source control device 35 controls the relationship between the phase velocity and the group velocity in the resonator in the laser light source 10 based on the obtained control condition (light source control step). Thereby, CEP in the pulse light emitted from the laser light source 10 is controlled, and the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction is maintained at a desired efficiency.
- the phase velocity and the group of light in the resonator of the laser light source 10 are similar to the photoreaction device 1A shown in FIG.
- the CEP in the envelope waveform of the pulse light emitted from the laser light source 10 can be suitably controlled.
- the pulse time width is so short that CEP affects the reaction efficiency, and even when pulsed light is used, the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction can be improved.
- the rate can be improved sufficiently.
- the photoreaction is evaluated by measuring the second photoreaction in the reaction generating device 23 having a correlation with the photoreaction that is not the photoreaction in the reaction target. .
- a part of the pulse light is branched by a light branching unit such as a light branching mirror 22 to measure the photoreaction. It is preferably used.
- a configuration using pulsed light transmitted through the reaction chamber S is also possible. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which both optical paths are switched at any time.
- the reaction generating device 23 is configured by a reaction chamber in which Ar gas or the like is sealed.
- the reaction measuring device 24 is composed of an X-ray spectrometer and an X-ray detector.
- the pulse light split by the light splitting mirror 22 is irradiated on the reaction generating device 23
- a high-order harmonic in the X-ray wavelength region is generated.
- the higher harmonics are detected by the X-ray spectrometer and the X-ray detector of the reaction measuring device 24, so that the photoreaction generated in the reaction generating device 23 and the reaction target in the reaction chamber S are further detected.
- the photoreaction that occurs can be evaluated.
- the reaction generating device 23 is configured from a reaction chamber in which a chemical substance is sealed. Further, the reaction measuring device 24 is constituted by a mass spectrometer. In such a configuration, a substance generated by irradiating the reaction generating device 23 with the pulse light branched by the light splitting mirror 22 is specified by the mass analyzer of the reaction measuring device 24, and the generated amount and the like are measured. To evaluate the photoreaction generated in the reaction generator 23 and the photoreaction generated in the reaction target in the reaction chamber S. Can do. Various configurations other than the above can be used.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing another example of the configuration of the reaction evaluation unit 20.
- a reaction generating device 23 is constituted by the wavelength conversion medium 23a
- a reaction measuring device 24 is constituted by the photodetector 24a.
- the wavelength conversion medium 23a is a medium that causes wavelength conversion when pulsed light of a predetermined wavelength from the laser light source 10 enters. The photoreaction can be evaluated by detecting the wavelength-converted light with the photodetector 24a.
- the configuration in which the configuration shown in FIG. 5 is applied to the reaction generation device 23 and the reaction measurement device 24 is an example in which high-order harmonics due to a multiphoton process are used for wavelength conversion in FIG. In addition, various wavelength conversion processes can be used.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing another example of the configuration of the reaction evaluation section 20.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 9 is another example of the configuration shown in FIG.
- a reaction generating device 23 is configured by a terahertz wave (THz wave) generator 23b
- a reaction measuring device 24 is configured by a terahertz wave detector 24b.
- the terahertz wave generator 23b generates a terahertz electromagnetic wave when pulsed light having a predetermined wavelength from the laser light source 10 is incident. Then, the photoreaction can be evaluated by detecting the generated terahertz wave by the terahertz wave detector 24b.
- the parameters for evaluating the CEP of the pulsed light include the amplitude, phase, and polarization of the terahertz wave.
- the terahertz wave generator 23b and the terahertz wave detector 24b for example, an EO crystal, a switch element, a semiconductor crystal, or the like can be used.
- the detector used in the reaction measurement device may include the wavelength conversion medium.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a third embodiment of the photoreaction device according to the present invention.
- the photoreaction device 1C includes a laser light source 10, an excitation device 19, a reaction evaluation unit 20 having a reaction generation device 23 and a reaction measurement device 24, a control operation device 30, a light source control device 35, an optical waveform shaping.
- a light source 41 and an optical waveform shaper controller 36 are provided.
- the configurations of the laser light source 10, the excitation device 19, the reaction evaluation unit 20, and the light source control device 35 are the same as those shown in FIG.
- an optical waveform shaper 41 for shaping the pulse laser light emitted from the laser light source 10 is provided on the optical path between the output mirror 13 of the laser light source 10 and the reaction chamber S. Have been.
- the waveform shaping condition of the pulse laser light in the optical waveform shaper 41 is controlled by the control operation device 30 and the optical waveform shaper control device 36. That is, the control operation device 30 controls the optical waveform shaper 41 together with the laser light source 10.
- the control arithmetic unit 30 provides feedback to the optical waveform shaper 41 based on the evaluation result of the photoreaction by the reaction evaluator 20 so as to obtain a sufficient reaction efficiency in consideration of a desired photoreaction reaction efficiency and the like.
- the control condition is calculated and obtained.
- the control conditions of the optical waveform shaper 41 obtained by the control arithmetic device 30 are input to the optical waveform shaper control device 36.
- the optical waveform shaper controller 36 is based on the control conditions input from the control processor 30! In this way, the waveform shaping condition of the pulse light in the optical waveform shaper 41 is controlled. As described above, by adding the optical waveform shaper 41 to the outside of the laser light source 10, the pulse light waveform is controlled in parallel with the CEP control.
- the laser light source is used similarly to the photoreaction device 1A shown in Fig. 1 and the photoreaction device 1B shown in Fig. 7.
- CEP in the envelope waveform of the pulse light emitted from the laser light source 10 can be suitably controlled. This makes it possible to sufficiently improve the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction even when using pulsed light whose pulse time width is so short that CEP affects the reaction efficiency.
- the pulse light waveform shaping in the optical waveform shaper 41 the time waveform of the pulse light can be controlled under the optimal CEP condition, and the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction can be further improved.
- Controlling the CEP of the pulsed light is based on the frequency space obtained by Fourier-transforming the time waveforms shown in graphs (a) and (b) of FIG. This is equivalent to controlling a constant offset, and the intensity time waveform itself does not change.
- the phase term and amplitude of each frequency component are parallelized using an external optical waveform shaper 41.
- the optical waveform shaper 41 for example, one having a configuration shown in FIG. 11 can be used.
- the optical waveform shaper 41 includes a diffraction grating 41a, a lens 41b, a spatial light modulator 41c, a lens 41d, and a diffraction grating 41e in order from the laser light source 10 side.
- the pulse laser light emitted from the laser light source 10 is once frequency-resolved by a spectroscopic means such as a diffraction grating 41a, and then is subjected to a spatial light modulator 41c such as an SLM for each frequency component. Amplitude and phase modulation are performed.
- the light modulated by the spatial light modulator 41c is returned to the same axis again by spectroscopic means such as the diffraction grating 41e to become pulse light whose waveform is shaped.
- spectroscopic means such as the diffraction grating 41e to become pulse light whose waveform is shaped.
- a polarizer / analyzer, an aperture, and the like may be appropriately added.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fourth embodiment of the photoreaction device according to the present invention.
- the photoreaction device 1D includes a laser light source 10, an excitation device 19, a reaction evaluation unit 20 having a reaction generation device 23 and a reaction measurement device 24, a control operation device 30, a light source control device 35, an optical waveform shaping.
- An optical amplifier 41, an optical amplifier 42, an optical waveform shaper controller 36, and an optical amplifier controller 37 are provided.
- the configurations of the laser light source 10, the excitation device 19, the reaction evaluation unit 20, and the light source control device 35 are the same as those shown in FIG.
- an optical amplifier 42 that amplifies the pulsed laser light emitted from the laser light source 10
- An optical waveform shaper 41 that shapes the emitted pulse laser light is provided in this order.
- the waveform shaping condition of the pulse laser light in the optical waveform shaper 41 is controlled by the control arithmetic unit 30 and the optical waveform shaper control unit 36.
- the amplification conditions of the pulse laser light in the optical amplifier 42 are controlled by the control operation device 30 and the optical amplifier control device 37. That is, the control operation device 30 controls the optical waveform shaper 41 and the optical amplifier 42 in addition to the laser light source 10.
- the control arithmetic unit 30 is based on the evaluation result of the photoreaction by the reaction evaluation unit 20, and takes into consideration the reaction efficiency of the desired photoreaction and the like, so as to obtain sufficient reaction efficiency so as to obtain sufficient reaction efficiency.
- the feedback control condition is calculated and obtained.
- the control arithmetic unit 30 provides a feedback to the optical amplifier 42 based on the evaluation result of the photoreaction by the reaction evaluator 20 so as to obtain a sufficient reaction efficiency in consideration of a desired photoreaction reaction efficiency and the like. Calculate and find control conditions.
- the control conditions of the optical waveform shaper 41 obtained by the control arithmetic device 30 are input to the optical waveform shaper control device 36.
- the optical waveform shaper controller 36 is based on the control conditions input from the control processor 30! In this way, the waveform shaping condition of the pulse light in the optical waveform shaper 41 is controlled. As described above, by adding the optical waveform shaper 41 to the outside of the laser light source 10, the pulse light waveform is controlled in parallel with the CEP control.
- the control conditions of the optical amplifier 42 obtained by the control operation device 30 are input to the optical amplifier control device 37.
- the optical amplifier control device 37 controls the amplification condition of the pulse light in the optical amplifier 42 based on the control condition input from the control operation device 30. As described above, by adding the optical amplifier 42 outside the laser light source 10, the energy of the pulse light is controlled in parallel with the control of the CEP.
- the laser light source is similar to the photoreaction device 1A shown in FIG. 1 and the photoreaction device 1B shown in FIG.
- CEP in the envelope waveform of the pulse light emitted from the laser light source 10 can be suitably controlled. This makes it possible to sufficiently improve the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction even when using pulsed light whose pulse time width is so short that CEP affects the reaction efficiency.
- the time waveform of the pulse light can be controlled under the optimal CEP condition, and the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction can be further improved.
- the energy of the pulse light can be controlled under the optimal CEP condition, and the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction can be further improved.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a dispersion optical system used in an optical amplifier. It is a block diagram.
- the dispersion optical system 43 includes diffraction gratings 43a and 43b and a reflection mirror 43c.
- the pulse light is dispersed by dispersion elements such as the diffraction gratings 43a and 43b to widen the pulse light. After that, the broadened pulse light is incident on the optical amplifier to amplify the energy per single pulse.
- the amplified light is given a dispersion having an opposite sign to the dispersion given previously by a dispersion element such as a diffraction grating, and is compressed again into a short pulse light.
- a dispersive optical system it is possible to avoid energy saturation in the optical amplification element and damage to the optical element.
- a dispersion optical system may not be provided if unnecessary.
- the control operation device 30 in the photoreaction device having the above-described configuration simultaneously controls the alignment of the angles of the dispersive elements inside the optical waveform shaper 41 and the optical amplifier 42.
- the propagation state of the pulse light is adjusted so that the pulse surface 61 of the pulse light is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the pulse light. Can be.
- the alignment of the dispersion medium in the optical waveform shaper 41 and the optical amplifier 42 does not necessarily fluctuate in a short period of time, so that it is not always necessary to always perform control.
- the photoreaction device and the photoreaction control method according to the present invention can be variously modified without being limited to the above-described embodiment and configuration examples.
- the response evaluation section 20 Various methods other than the examples described above may be used for the method of evaluating the photoreaction of the laser beam, the method of controlling the laser light source 10 by the light source control device 35, and the like.
- the control conditions of the laser light source 10 required in the control arithmetic unit 30 are set with reference to information such as a specific reaction target, a photoreaction, and a correlation between the photoreaction and the CEP of the pulsed light. It is preferable to do so.
- the reaction evaluation section 20 is different from the configuration of FIG. 7 having the reaction generation device 23 and the reaction measurement device 24 in FIG. Add!
- the configuration may be such that the optical waveform shaper 41, the optical amplifier 42 and the like are added to the configuration of FIG.
- the order in which the optical amplifier 42 and the optical waveform shaper 41 are arranged may be reversed, and only the optical amplifier 42 may be arranged.
- the photoreaction apparatus and the photoreaction control method according to the present invention control the reaction efficiency of the photoreaction by controlling the CEP using pulsed light, even when pulsed light having a short pulse time width is used. Can be used as a device and a method capable of sufficiently improving.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20200076151A1 (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-05 | Ipg Photonics Corporation | Pulse configurable fiber laser unit |
WO2024088748A1 (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-05-02 | Signify Holding B.V. | A photoreactor assembly |
Families Citing this family (8)
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US8073026B2 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2011-12-06 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for controlling carrier envelope phase |
US7911622B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2011-03-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System and method for using slow light in optical sensors |
KR100942380B1 (ko) * | 2007-11-23 | 2010-02-12 | 광주과학기술원 | 직접 잠금 방법을 적용한 레이저 펄스의 절대 위상 안정화장치 및 방법 |
US8068232B2 (en) | 2008-04-01 | 2011-11-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Unidirectional crow gyroscope |
US9019482B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2015-04-28 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optical device with fiber Bragg grating and narrowband optical source |
US9025157B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2015-05-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System and method for measuring perturbations using a slow-light fiber Bragg grating sensor |
US8797540B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2014-08-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Slow-light fiber Bragg grating sensor |
CN105794056B (zh) * | 2013-11-13 | 2019-02-19 | 丹麦科技大学 | 用于生成压缩光脉冲的方法 |
Citations (2)
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JPH02272735A (ja) * | 1989-04-14 | 1990-11-07 | Nec Corp | 配線形成方法およびその装置 |
JPH10223959A (ja) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-21 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 光反応装置 |
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JPH02272735A (ja) * | 1989-04-14 | 1990-11-07 | Nec Corp | 配線形成方法およびその装置 |
JPH10223959A (ja) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-21 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 光反応装置 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20200076151A1 (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-05 | Ipg Photonics Corporation | Pulse configurable fiber laser unit |
US11817670B2 (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2023-11-14 | Ipg Photonics Corporation | Pulse configurable fiber laser unit |
WO2024088748A1 (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-05-02 | Signify Holding B.V. | A photoreactor assembly |
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JP2005087879A (ja) | 2005-04-07 |
JP4388334B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
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