WO2004107297A1 - ディスプレイ基板用透明フィルム、該フィルムを用いたディスプレイ基板およびその製造方法、液晶ディスプレイ、有機エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイ、およびタッチパネル - Google Patents
ディスプレイ基板用透明フィルム、該フィルムを用いたディスプレイ基板およびその製造方法、液晶ディスプレイ、有機エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイ、およびタッチパネル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004107297A1 WO2004107297A1 PCT/JP2004/006690 JP2004006690W WO2004107297A1 WO 2004107297 A1 WO2004107297 A1 WO 2004107297A1 JP 2004006690 W JP2004006690 W JP 2004006690W WO 2004107297 A1 WO2004107297 A1 WO 2004107297A1
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- display substrate
- cellulose ester
- transparent film
- display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/04—Charge transferring layer characterised by chemical composition, i.e. conductive
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/06—Substrate layer characterised by chemical composition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent film for a display substrate, which has a low coefficient of linear expansion and is useful as a display substrate, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention also relates to a liquid crystal display using the transparent film for a display substrate as a substrate, an organic electroluminescent display, Touch panel. Background art
- plastic substrate satisfying such physical properties examples include polyether sulfone, polycarbonate, or a transparent film in which an acrylic substrate is bonded to a polyether sulfone described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-142525 and a plastic substrate.
- a plastic substrate has a drawback that more or less a gas such as water vapor or oxygen, which adversely affects elements constituting a display, is transmitted. '
- a plastic substrate is coated with an inorganic thin film having a high gas barrier property by a vacuum evaporation-sputtering method or the like.
- silicon oxide formed by such a method is used. It has become clear that layers can reduce the moisture permeability of the plastic substrate.
- the plastic substrate has a coefficient of thermal expansion one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of a glass substrate, it is clear that problems such as cracking of the functional thin film provided on the plastic substrate and displacement of pixels occur. Has become. Also in the gas barrier inorganic thin film, when cracks occur, the moisture permeability is significantly increased. In the case of a transparent conductive film, when cracks occur, the conductivity decreases.
- the expansion rate of plastic film against heat and humidity can be reduced by stretching. Since the force-stretching operation, which is known to be possible, also increases birefringence, it was not possible to obtain a plastic substrate suitable for a display even if the aforementioned PES or the like was stretched.
- a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, a vacuum plasma CVD method, or the like is usually used as a method of providing a gas barrier layer for suppressing permeation of moisture and oxygen.
- a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, a vacuum plasma CVD method, or the like is usually used as a method of providing a gas barrier layer for suppressing permeation of moisture and oxygen.
- these methods require a complicated and large-scale apparatus. Therefore, the productivity was low and the application of the inorganic thin film was expensive.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a transparent plastic film having high transparency, high heat resistance, low birefringence, and low coefficient of thermal expansion for a liquid crystal display, an organic EL display, or a touch panel.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide means for providing a gas barrier film having low moisture permeability and high durability and durability by a simple process.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, a touch panel, and an organic EL display having high light emission luminance with little image distortion and color shift. Disclosure of the invention
- cellulose aesthetics / Refinolem is a plastic with low birefringence and high transparency, and is commonly used as a film for protecting polarizers in liquid crystal displays by taking advantage of these features.
- cellulose ester is a hygroscopic resin and has a large coefficient of hygroscopic expansion.
- a plasticizer such as a phosphate ester has been added as much as 5 to 20% by mass.
- the plasticizer has disadvantages such as lowering the glass transition temperature of the cellulose ester and increasing the coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted diligent studies and found that while achieving a high glass transition temperature by suppressing the plasticizer content to a certain level or less, the thermal expansion coefficient was obtained by biaxially stretching the cellulose ester film. Surprisingly, cellulose ester has a small birefringence even when stretched, has excellent control of birefringence, and the disadvantage of reducing the amount of added plasticizer is gas barrier. It was found that the formation was suppressed by forming a layer, and the present invention was completed. The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following means.
- the transparent film for a display substrate contains a cellulose ester, has a plasticizer content of less than 1%, and is stretched 3 to 100% in each of a transport direction and a width direction.
- Transparent film for display substrates are transparent films.
- the transparent film for a display substrate as described in 1 above comprising the polycondensate of the cellulose ester and an alkoxysilane represented by the following general formula (1).
- R and R ′ each represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, and n is 3 or 4.
- the decomposition polycondensate is represented by the following general formula (2), and the sum of the masses of the inorganic polymer compound represented by the general formula (2) is less than 40% by mass based on the transparent film.
- Isoshiana one preparative group, Chioisoshiana one preparative group, or was more with an organic crosslinking agent 1-2 0 weight 0/0 contains an acid anhydride residue, characterized in that to crosslink the cellulose ester wherein 4.
- Equation (A) 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1.5
- Equation ( ⁇ ) 1.0 ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ 2.9
- X represents the degree of substitution by an acetyl group
- ⁇ represents the degree of substitution by a substituent having an alkoxysilyl group.
- the crosslinked polymer is 5 to 9.
- R is the in-plane retardation value at a wavelength of 590 nm. (590), and the in-plane retardation value at a wavelength of 480 nm is R. (480) and the ratio
- a moisture-proof film containing a metal oxide or a metal nitride is provided on at least one surface of the transparent film for a display substrate according to any one of the above items 1 to 11, and the moisture-proof film is further provided.
- the reactive gas is brought into a plasma state by applying a high-frequency voltage between the opposing electrodes under the atmospheric pressure or at a pressure close to the atmospheric pressure so that the reactive gas is in a plasma state, 14.
- a method for producing a transparent film for a display substrate by a casting film forming method wherein a dope containing a cellulose ester and having a plasticizer content of less than 1% is cast on a casting support. And forming the web, stretching the web in the transport direction and the width direction by 3 to 100%, respectively, and drying the web, wherein the web is dried.
- the reactive film is discharged on the transparent film for display substrate manufactured by the manufacturing method described in 18 above by applying a high frequency voltage between the opposing electrodes under atmospheric pressure or near atmospheric pressure.
- a method for manufacturing a display substrate wherein a gas is made into a plasma state, and a moisture-proof film and a transparent conductive film are formed by exposing the transparent film to the reactive gas in the plasma state.
- a method for manufacturing a display substrate wherein the frequency of the high-frequency voltage is in the range of 100 kHz to 2.5 GHz and the supply power is in the range of lWZcm 2 to 5 OW / cm 2 .
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a plasma discharge processing apparatus under an atmospheric pressure or a pressure near the atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 2 is a sketch drawing showing an example showing the structure of a conductive base material such as a metal of a portal electrode and a dielectric material coated thereon.
- FIG. 3 is a sketch showing an example showing the structure of a base material of a rectangular cylindrical fixed electrode from which one of a group of rectangular cylindrical fixed electrodes as application electrodes is taken out and a dielectric material coated thereon.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration example of an organic EL device.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an example of the touch panel. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the transparent film for a display substrate in the present invention refers to a transparent film used as a support or substrate for an electronic device such as a liquid crystal display, an organic EL display, and a touch panel.
- These transparent films for display substrates are required to firmly support various functional thin films constituting electronic devices such as the liquid crystal display, the organic EL display, and the touch panel, and to be flexible, to be hard to break, and to be lightweight. is necessary.
- the display substrate it is necessary to use the display substrate in a state where the formed display element is shielded from the influence of the outside air such as moisture and oxygen. . Therefore, when a plastic film is used as a substrate, a thin film having a moisture-proof property such as an oxidized silicon film is usually formed on the film. Further, a conductive thin film is used as a common functional thin film constituting the display element, and for example, a film such as ITO is used as a transparent conductive film.
- These thin films are basically metal oxide thin films, and do not pose a problem when formed on a substrate such as glass that does not easily expand or contract due to heat or humidity. Due to large expansion and contraction, thermal history in the manufacturing process (substrate temperature rises due to evaporation of various materials and substrate processing such as sputter link) Force Causes expansion and contraction of the substrate, for example, optical position between layers In addition to causing slippage, the metal oxide thin film formed on the substrate is particularly fragile, so it is easy to crack due to expansion and contraction due to heat and moisture, and the special properties change! / ,.
- the plastic film used as a support or substrate for the electronic device has little expansion and contraction due to a rapid change in temperature and humidity in the production of the functional thin film constituting the electronic device, and the formed thin film is broken (cracked).
- the functional thin film formed for example, a moisture-proof film or a transparent conductive film, must not be easily cracked by bending or the like.
- the glass used as a substrate material has a low coefficient of linear expansion, and it is also preferable when the element is sealed as a substrate or as a protective sheet.
- the glass transition temperature measured by TMA stress distortion measurement
- the glass transition temperature measured by TMA is 180 ° C or more, and the linear tension ratio in the MD and TD directions is higher.
- films in the range of 5 to 50 pp mZ ° C were found to be suitable.
- the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention has such performance, contains a cellulose ester, has a plasticizer content of less than 1%, and has a plasticizer content in each of the transport direction and the width direction. It is characterized by being stretched from 3 to 100%.
- the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention is preferably a cellulose ester film formed by a casting method (casting method).
- the machine transport direction is hereinafter referred to as the MD direction
- the direction perpendicular to the mechanical transport direction is referred to as the TD direction.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the transparent film for a display substrate is within the above range, the functional thin film formed on the film, such as the moisture-proof film or the transparent conductive film, has a heat history at the time of manufacture or an element formed on the substrate. Even after being subjected to stress caused by expansion and contraction by heat or bending of the substrate, the characteristics of the functional thin film are not impaired.
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the transparent film for a display substrate can be determined from a temperature-strain curve in thermal stress strain measurement (TMA).
- TMA-SS610 manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc. was used, and a sample with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a width of 4 mm was fixed at a distance of 20 mm between the chucks. After the temperature was raised from room temperature to 180 ° C and the residual strain was removed, the temperature was raised again from room temperature to 180 ° C at 5 ° C / min. Find the expansion coefficient. For example, if the temperature of the film material increases by one degree and the dimensions expand by 0.001 mm (1 wm) per meter, the thermal expansion coefficient of the support will be 1 ppm.
- the transparent film for a display substrate according to the present invention is a film containing cellulose ester, and a functional thin film such as a moisture-proof film or a transparent conductive film is formed on the film and used as a substrate for the various electronic devices. I can do it.
- the cellulose ester may be triacetyl cellulose, or a mixed fatty acid cellulose ester with an acetyl group, a portionyl group, a butyryl group, or the like.
- the total substitution degree of the total acyl group (total substitution degree) is 1.5.
- Exceeding cellulose esters are preferably used.
- Glucose unit forming cellulose has three hydroxyl groups that can be bound.For example, in cellulose triacetate, when all three hydroxyl groups of glucose unit are bound to acetyl group, the acetyl group is used. The degree of substitution is 3.0.
- triacetyl cellulose has a degree of acetyl substitution of 2.8 to 2.9.
- the triacetyl cellulose (TAC) in the cellulose ester of the present invention also falls within this range.
- diacetyl cellulose actually has an acetyl substitution degree of about 2.2 to 2.5
- diacetyl cellulose (DAC) in the cellulose ester of the present invention also has Represents those in this range. Therefore, in the cellulose ester of the present invention, the preferred degree of acetyl substitution is 2.2 to 2.9.
- the degree of substitution of these acyl groups can be measured according to ASTM-D 817-96.
- acyl groups may be substituted at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of the glucose unit on average, or may be substituted at a high ratio at the 6-position, for example. Is also good.
- the cellulose ester used in the present invention is an organic-inorganic hybrid or a cellulose ester satisfying the following formulas (A) and (B) in order to make more effective improvement measures such as crosslinking. May be.
- Equation (A) 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1.5
- Equation ( ⁇ ) 1.0 ⁇ X + Y ⁇ 2.9
- X represents the degree of substitution of the hydroxyl group of the skeleton cellulose by an acetyl group
- ⁇ represents the degree of substitution by a substituent having an alkoxysilyl group.
- the estenol group constituting the cellulose ester is an acetyl group, a cellulose ester having high heat resistance and a low coefficient of linear expansion can be obtained.
- the remaining hydroxyl group may be substituted with a substituent having an alkoxysilyl group.
- a part of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose is replaced by, for example, a silane coupling agent which reacts with the hydroxyl groups.
- silane coupling agent examples include glycidic acid such as y-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride, and ⁇ - isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane.
- glycidic acid such as y-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride, and ⁇ - isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane.
- Systems and isocyanate systems are preferred, and isocyanate systems are particularly preferred.
- silane coupling agents there can be mentioned y-isocyanate or pyrtrimethoxysilane.
- the alkoxysilyl group substituted by the cellulose ester by the reaction with these is integrated with the alkoxysilane represented by the general formula (1) by polycondensation to form a monolithic organic-inorganic hybrid cellulose-silica hybrid polymer film. Is composed. However, alkoxy If the degree of substitution Y by the silyl group increases, the network structure of the transparent film becomes too dense and the film becomes brittle, so Y is preferably 1.5 or less.
- those in which X + Y is in the range of 1.0 or more and 2.9 or less have high resin solubility and can produce a high-concentration dope, which is more advantageous during film formation and drying. Yes and preferred.
- Cellulose esters have a positive wavelength dispersion characteristic of birefringence, and are preferable as a resin.
- cellulose esters have hydroxyl groups, these hydroxyl groups are substituted with a substituent having an alkoxysilyl group as described above. It may be replaced.
- a transparent film having low heat, low birefringence, positive birefringence wavelength dispersion and high heat resistance can be formed.
- the wavelength dispersion of birefringence is referred to as positive dispersion, for example, by dissolving the polymer in a soluble solvent, casting it on a glass plate and drying it so that the thickness when dried becomes 100 ozm.
- the in-plane retardation value R of the film made of the polymer at a wavelength of 480 nm. (480), in-plane retardation value R at wavelength 590 nm. (5 90) and measure the ratio [R Q (480) / R. (590)] is less than 1.
- the in-plane retardation value R at the wavelength of 480 nm is used.
- (480) is the in-plane retardation value R at a wavelength of 590 nm.
- (480) / R. (590) is preferably 0.8 or more and less than 1.0.
- the cellulose as a raw material of the cellulose ester used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cotton linter, wood pulp, and kenaf.
- the cellulose obtained from these can be used alone or in a mixture at an arbitrary ratio, but it is preferable to use 50% by mass or more of cotton linter.
- the molecular weight of the cellulose ester used in the present invention is preferably 70,000 to 200,000 in number average molecular weight (Mn) S, the modulus of elasticity of the obtained film, the viscosity of the dope and the film forming speed are preferred from the viewpoint of, 100,000-200,000 are more preferred.
- the cellulose ester used in the present invention has an MwZMn ratio of less than 3.0, but preferably 1.4 to 2.3.
- the average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the cellulose ester can be measured using high performance liquid chromatography, the number average molecular weight ( ⁇ ) and weight average molecular weight (M w) can be calculated using these, and the ratio can be calculated. .
- the measurement conditions are as follows.
- the cellulose ester used in the present invention can be synthesized using an acid anhydride or an acid chloride as an acylating agent.
- an organic acid eg, acetic acid
- methylene chloride is used as a reaction solvent.
- an acidic catalyst such as sulfuric acid is used.
- the acylating agent is an acid chloride
- a basic compound is used as a catalyst.
- cellulose is esterified with an organic acid (acetic acid, propionic acid) corresponding to an acetinole group or a mixed organic acid component containing an anhydride thereof (acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride). Synthesize cellulose ester.
- the amount of the propionylating agent corresponding to the propionyl group is adjusted so that the ester to be synthesized has a necessary substitution degree.
- the amount of the reaction solvent to be used is preferably from 100 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably from 200 to 600 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the cellulose.
- the amount of the acidic catalyst used is preferably from 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably from 0.4 to 10 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the cellulose.
- the reaction temperature is preferably from 10 to 120 ° C, more preferably from 20 to 80 ° C.
- the degree of substitution may be adjusted by hydrolysis (saponification) if necessary.
- the reaction mixture is separated by a conventional means such as precipitation, washed and dried to obtain a cellulose ester.
- Cellulose esters for example, methylene chloride, methyl acetate also methanol, 1 0-3 5 wt% concentration (more preferably, 1 5-2 5 mass 0/0) in an organic solvent such as Etanoru a solution in Power of dope Additives are added to the dope solution obtained by dissolving the cellulose ester, if necessary, and the dope solution is applied onto a support (belt-shaped or drum-shaped stainless steel mirror-finished support). Casting (cast Step), heating to remove a part of the solvent (drying step on the support), and then peeling off the support, and drying the peeled film (film drying step) to obtain a cellulose ester film. After drying, stretching is performed in the MD and TD directions as necessary, as will be described in detail later. By performing stretching of 3 to 100% in the MD direction and the TD direction by simultaneous stretching or sequential stretching, molecules are oriented and the coefficient of linear expansion of the film is reduced.
- an organic solvent such as Etanoru a solution in Power of dope
- the transparent substrate film for a display of the present invention preferably contains 50 to 1% by weight, more preferably 75 to 95% by weight of a cellulose ester.
- the transparent substrate film for display of the present invention preferably contains, in addition to the cellulose ester, components such as an inorganic polymer, a cross-linking agent and a cross-linked polymer described below in an amount of preferably 0 to 50% by weight, more preferably 5 to 50% by weight. ⁇ 25% by weight.
- a plasticizer is added in an amount of 1 to 20% by mass in order to lower the moisture permeability of the film and improve the film forming property.
- the plasticizer content in the film is preferably less than 1% in order to reduce the linear expansion coefficient.
- a plasticizer is a low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of less than 1000 and is chemically inert (chemical reaction such as binding with a cellulose ester or polymerization itself) occurs. No).
- cellulose ester films as supports for photographic negative films and cellulose ester films for protecting polarizers in liquid crystal displays have contained as much as 5 to 20% by mass of a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer has the effect of reducing the moisture permeability of the cellulose ester film and reducing the coefficient of humidity expansion.
- the inventors of the present invention have revealed that the addition of a plasticizer causes undesired changes in physical properties such as a significant decrease in glass transition temperature and an increase in thermal expansion coefficient.
- the amount of the plasticizer added is set to less than 1% in the present invention.
- the addition of less than 1% can minimize the adverse effect on the film. More preferably, it is less than 0.3%, and most preferably it is not contained (0%).
- the amount of the plasticizer added is less than 1%, it is preferable to increase the moisture permeability and increase the coefficient of humidity expansion, as well as the ability to generate characteristics.These characteristics are applied to the cellulose ester film and the gas barrier layer described later. By forming, the absorption and transmission of water vapor can be suppressed, so that there is no problem when used as a substrate film for a display.
- the coefficient of humidity expansion can also be reduced by a stretching operation described later, similarly to the coefficient of thermal expansion.
- plasticizer for example, a polyvalent alcohol monoester plasticizer, a glycolate plasticizer, a phosphate ester plasticizer, a phthalate ester plasticizer, or the like can be used.
- a low molecular compound having a specific function may be added to the transparent substrate film for a display of the present invention.
- a functional low-molecular compound include an ultraviolet absorber used to prevent elements inside the display substrate from deteriorating due to ultraviolet rays, a retarder, a dye used to adjust the color tone of the display substrate, and the like. And antioxidants that prevent oxidation of the functional material.
- These low molecular compounds also need to be less than 1% by mass in total in the cellulose ester film.
- UV absorbers are excellent in the ability to absorb ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 370 nm or less, for example, from the viewpoint of preventing deterioration of the liquid crystal outdoors such as when the liquid crystal display device is exposed to sunlight, etc. From the viewpoint of displayability, those that absorb less visible light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more are preferably used.
- the transmittance at a wavelength of 370 nm is particularly preferably at most 10%, more preferably at most 5%, further preferably at most 2%.
- an ultraviolet absorber having two or more aromatic rings in the molecule is particularly preferably used.
- the ultraviolet absorber used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- Preferably used UV absorbers are benzotriazole UV absorbers and benzophenone UV absorbers which have high transparency and are excellent in preventing deterioration of polarizing plates and liquid crystal elements, and benzotriazole which has less unnecessary coloring. Ultraviolet absorbers are particularly preferred.
- ultraviolet absorber used in the present invention include, for example, 5-chloro-1,2- (3,5-di-sec-butynole-12-hydroxyxylolephenyl) -12H-benzotriazole, ( 2-2H-benzotriazole-1-yl) -6- (straight-chain and side-chain dodecyl) -1-methylphenol, 2-hydroxy-4-pentinoleoxybenzophenone, 2,4-pentinoleoxybenzophenone ⁇ All the tinuvins such as tinuvin 109, tinuvin 171, tinuvin 234, tinuvin 326, bin 327, tinuvin 328, etc. are all commercial products manufactured by Chipa Specialty Chemicals, and are preferably used. I can do it.
- the UV absorber may be a mixture of two or more.
- a polymer ultraviolet absorber can also be preferably used, and particularly, a polymer type ultraviolet absorber described in JP-A-6-148430 is preferably used.
- the method of adding the ultraviolet absorber may be such that the ultraviolet absorber is dissolved in an organic solvent such as alcohol methylene chloride or dioxolane and then added to the dope, or may be directly added to the dope composition.
- organic solvents such as alcohol methylene chloride or dioxolane
- Those that do not dissolve in organic solvents, such as inorganic powders, are dispersed in an organic solvent and cellulose ester using a dissolver or sand mill and then added to the dopant.
- the amount of UV absorber used is not uniform depending on the type of compound, usage conditions, etc., but if the dry film thickness of the cellulose ester film is 30 to 200, it acts as a plasticizer if it is too large. So that the linear expansion coefficient does not deteriorate, that is, with the plasticizer Similarly, it is preferably less than 1 mass ° / o.
- an antioxidant an anthraquinone dye for adjusting the color tone, and the like can be added.
- a matting agent such as silicon oxide or a matting agent such as silicon oxide surface-treated with an organic substance may be added.
- the average diameter of the primary particles of the fine particles is preferably 5 to 50 nm, more preferably 7 to 20 nm, because the larger the average diameter of the fine particles, the greater the matt effect and the smaller the average diameter, the better the transparency. .
- the fine particles of silicon dioxide are not particularly limited.
- AEROS IL (Aerosil) 200, 200 V, R972, R972V, R974, R202, R805, R812 are preferred.
- additives may be added to the dope in batches, or an additive solution may be separately prepared and added inline.
- the additive solution When the additive solution is added in-line, it is preferable to dissolve a small amount of cellulose ester in order to improve the mixing with the dope.
- the preferred amount of the cellulose ester is 1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the solvent.
- an in-line mixer such as a static mixer (manufactured by Toray Engineering Co., Ltd.) or a SWJ (Toray static in-tube mixer Hi-Mixer) is preferably used.
- the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention containing a cell-opening esthenole has been modified by a technique called organic-inorganic hybrid.
- the organic-inorganic hybrid is a technique for obtaining a material having both organic and inorganic properties by mixing an organic substance and an inorganic substance.
- an organic polymer obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of the above-mentioned cellulose ester as an organic substance and an alkoxysilane represented by the general formula (1) as an inorganic substance is preferably used.
- the amount of the hydrolyzed polycondensate added may be the same as the amount of the inorganic polymer formed by hydrolytic polycondensation of the alkoxysilane compound represented by the general formula (1) as represented by the general formula (2). It is preferable that the inorganic polymer is contained in an amount of 1 to 20% by mass or less based on the whole film.
- an inorganic polymer having a large number of hydrophilic groups By adding an inorganic polymer having a large number of hydrophilic groups, hydrogen bonds between cellulose ester molecules are strengthened, and the effect of increasing the glass transition temperature can be seen.
- an addition amount of 20 mass% or less is preferable. More preferably, 3 to 15% by mass, and still more preferably, 5 to 10% by mass is added.
- the transparent film for a display substrate using a cellulose ester film modified with an organic-inorganic hybrid has more preferable characteristics.
- R ′ is an alkyl group
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent
- n represents 3 or 4.
- Examples of the alkyl group represented by R ′ include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, Methoxyl groups and the like, and may be substituted with a substituent (for example, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, etc.).
- a substituent for example, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, etc.
- a lower alkoxy group which is easy to volatilize during drying is preferable, and a methyl group and an ethyl group are particularly preferable.
- the monovalent substituent represented by R may be any compound exhibiting the properties of an alkoxysilane, and specifically includes an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, and an aromatic group.
- substituent of R examples include a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom, an amino group, an epoxy group, a mercapto group, a hydroxyl group, an acetyl group, and other various substituents which do not impair the properties particularly as an alkoxysilane.
- alkoxysilane represented by the general formula (1) include, specifically, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, and tetra-n-butoxy.
- these compounds may be partially condensed and may be a quantitative silicon compound such as silicate 40, silicate 45, silicate 48, or silicate 51 manufactured by Tama-Danigaku. .
- the alkoxysilane has a silicon alkoxide group capable of hydrolytic polycondensation
- a network structure of an inorganic high molecular compound is formed by hydrolytic polycondensation of these alkoxysilanes.
- a transparent film having organic polymer properties of the cellulose ester and inorganic polymer properties formed by the hydrolytic polycondensation of alkoxysilane is obtained.
- a hydrophobic alkoxysilane and water, and if necessary, an organometallic compound and water are mixed together, as in the case where a hydrophilic organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile coexist, and if necessary,
- the catalyst is added, the alkoxysilane is hydrolyzed and polycondensed, and the hydrolyzed polycondensate is added to a cellulose ester dope and mixed to be finely dispersed in the cellulose ester.
- a good solvent for the cellulose ester is also contained so that the cellulose ester does not precipitate from the dope.
- film productivity such as film haze, flatness, film formation speed, and solvent recycling Point force, et al., Water for hydrolysis of the alkoxysilane to the dope 0. 0 1 mass 0/0 than a two. 0 It is preferable that the mass% within the following range.
- the transparent film as a transparent support, a heat-resistant film can be obtained without losing the optical properties of the cellulose ester, and a film that is hardly deformed even under high temperature conditions can be obtained.
- the cellulose ester used in the transparent film whose main component is a hydrolyzed polycondensate of a cellulose ester and an alkoxysilane is the above-mentioned cellulose ester, and acetyl cellulose is particularly preferred.
- a cellulose ester (Y> 0) modified with an alkoxysilyl group capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with a hydrolyzed polycondensate of an alkoxysilane is also preferably used.
- the alkoxysilane represented by the general formula (1) may be added with a catalyst at the time of hydrolysis, if necessary.
- the condensation reaction may be promoted.
- the catalyst examples include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, 12 tandust (VI) phosphoric acid, 12 molybdo (VI) phosphoric acid, and silicotungstic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, levulinic acid, Organic acids such as citric acid, ⁇ -toluenesulfonic acid, and methanesulfonic acid are used.
- a base may be neutralized by adding a base.
- the content of Alkali metal before the drying step is less than 500 ppm (here, the alkali metal includes an ionic state).
- Lewis acids for example, acetates of metals such as germanium, titanium, aluminum, antimony, and tin, and other organic acid salts, halides, and phosphates may be used in combination.
- ammonia monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethynoleamine, and triethylamine
- DBU diazabicycloundecene-1
- DBN diazamine
- Bicyclic mouth ring amines such as bicyclononene
- ammonia phosphine
- alkali metal alkoxides ammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide
- ammonium hydroxide tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide can be used.
- the amount of the acid or alkali catalyst to be added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01% to 20% by mass relative to the amount of water to be added. Further, the acid and base treatments may be used multiple times.
- the catalyst may be neutralized, and the volatile catalyst may be removed under reduced pressure, or may be removed by washing with separated water.
- a solid catalyst, such as an ion exchange resin, from which removal of the catalyst is easy may be used.
- the reaction may be completed in a solution state before coating, or the reaction may be completed after casting into a film, but it is necessary to complete the reaction before coating. good. Depending on the application, the reaction does not need to be completely completed, but it is preferable that it be completed if possible.
- the cellulose ester according to the present invention may be crosslinked by a crosslinking agent.
- a cross-linking agent that cross-links the cellulose ester with a compound having a plurality of reactive groups in the molecule that react with and bond to the residual hydroxyl groups of the contained cellulose ester is used.
- Such a crosslinking agent is preferably formed by containing 120% by mass with respect to the cellulose ester, and the reactive group reacts with the residual hydroxyl group of the cellulose ester to form a crosslink in the cellulose ester. This includes those that have introduced.
- the content of the crosslinking agent is preferably from the viewpoint of the coloring and heat resistance of the transparent film. Is 1/20 mass of cellulose ester 0 /. , And the. More preferably 5-15 mass 0/0.
- the reactive group that reacts with and binds to the residual hydroxyl group of the cellulose ester is preferably an addition-reactive group, specifically, an isocyanate group, a thioisocyanate group, an epoxy group, or an acid anhydride group. And so on.
- an addition-reactive group specifically, an isocyanate group, a thioisocyanate group, an epoxy group, or an acid anhydride group.
- a polyisocyanate compound having a plurality of isocyanate groups and having a crosslinkable group with respect to senolerose ester is preferred. Examples of these polyisocyanate compounds include compounds represented by the following general formula.
- V is an integer of 1 or more
- L represents a divalent or higher valent connecting group having an anoalkylene group, an alkenylene group, an arylene group or an aralkylene group as a partial structure.
- These groups may further have a substituent, and preferred examples of the substituent include a halogen (eg, Br and C 1), a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group and the like.
- isocyanates having an aromatic ring such as 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TD I), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MD I), and xylylene diisocyanate;
- TD I 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate
- MD I 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- n _ Aliphatic isocyanates such as butinoresisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated TDI, hydrogenated MDI, and other isocyanates obtained by hydrogenating aromatic rings, etc.
- Mobeine clay Desmodu (De smo du r) N100, Desmodu N 3300, Mondur TD-80, Mondeux M, Mondeux MRS, Movey, Polymer Isocyanate, Dow, Papi 27, Aldrich, Octadecinoleic isocyanate, furthermore, Colonet 230, Colonet 255, Colonet 251 , Coronate 2507, Coronate L, Coronate HL, Coronate HK, Coronate ⁇ , Coronate 341, Coronate ⁇ , Coronate 206, Above, Nippon Polyurethane, Takenate D103 ⁇ , Takenate D200 4 ⁇ ⁇ , Takenate D—17 2 ⁇ , Takenate D—17 ON, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Sumidur 320, Sumidur 44 V—20, Sumidur IL, Sumitomo Bayer Retin And the like.
- the present invention is not limited to these.
- Crosslinking agents other than isocyanate compounds include pyromellitic dianhydride,
- the amount of these used is preferably 1 to 20%, more preferably 1 to 5% by mass ratio with respect to the cellulose ester.
- Compounds having a plurality of reactive groups in the molecule that react with and bond to these hydroxyl groups can be added directly to the dope to dissolve or dissolved in an organic solvent so as to be mixed as uniformly as possible into the dope solution. It is preferable to add in the state of a dissolved solution.
- these compounds may be separately prepared in a solution of these compounds, and then mixed with the dope solution immediately before casting on a belt or a drum.
- crosslinking reaction proceeds rapidly, for example, a key to a belt or a drum is used. Immediately before the yastoe, it may be added inline sequentially. This allows the crosslinking reaction to proceed in the casting process to a belt or drum support and in the web after peeling.
- the display substrate film containing the cellulose ester according to the present invention may be modified with a semi-IPN (semi-interpenetrating network structure) type polymer alloy.
- IPN is an interpenetrating polymer network.
- IPN (interpenetrating network structure) type polymer alloy is a polymer alloy of cross-linked polymers, while semi-IPN type polymer alloy is one of a cross-linked polymer, The other is a polymer alloy in the case of a non-crosslinked polymer.
- Semi-IPN-type polymer alloys include, for example, a method of cross-linking and polymerizing a monomer and Z or an oligomer for a cross-linked polymer in a state where a non-cross-linked polymer is dissolved, and a method of cross-linking a cross-linked polymer in the presence or absence of a solvent. It can be formed by subjecting a monomer to non-crosslinking polymerization in a state of swelling with the polymer.
- the crosslinked polymer and the non-crosslinked polymer do not need to be completely compatible with each other, but include those in which phase separation has occurred.
- the crosslinked polymer rich phase and the noncrosslinked polymer rich phase each have a semi-IPN structure.
- a crosslinked polymer formed into particles and a non-crosslinked polymer are not blended. This can be confirmed by the fact that most of the crosslinked polymer does not disperse into particles when the film of the present invention is immersed in a solvent that dissolves the non-crosslinked polymer.
- the film made of the above semi-IPN polymer alloy is compatible with the properties of the crosslinked polymer such as high hardness and heat resistance, and the flexibility and optical properties of the non-crosslinked polymer. it can.
- the non-crosslinked polymer is a cellulose ester having high transparency, low birefringence, and positive birefringence wavelength dispersion characteristics.
- the crosslinked polymer used in the semi-IPN structure type polymer alloy of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include, for example, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a melamine resin, a crosslinked vinyl polymer, and a polyanurate.
- a cross-linked bullet polymer having high heat resistance is used.
- a crosslinked vinyl polymer can be obtained by polymerizing a low molecular compound having a polymerizable unsaturated double bond by heating or irradiating with energy rays.
- a low molecular compound is a compound having a molecular weight of 100 or less and which cannot be formed into a film by itself.
- Examples of the low molecular weight compound having a polymerizable unsaturated double bond used in the present invention include an alkyl group such as a butyl group and an acrylyl group, and an unsaturated fatty acid such as an acrylic acid residue and a methacrylic acid residue. Low molecular weight compounds having a residue and the like are included.
- the low molecular weight compound having a polymerizable unsaturated double bond used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is compatible so as to generate haze, bleed out, or volatilize in the film at the mixing stage before polymerization. Further, it preferably has a functional group capable of interacting with a cellulose ester by hydrogen bonding or the like.
- Examples of such a functional group include a hydroxyl group, an ether group, a carbonyl group, an ester group, a carboxylic acid residue, an amino group, an imino group, an amide group, an imido group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfonic acid residue, Examples thereof include a phosphor group, a phosphonic acid residue and the like, and preferred are a carboxyl group, an ester group and a phosphoryl group.
- a low molecular weight compound having a residue of an unsaturated fatty acid such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid / pentadecylenic acid, oleic acid, sorbic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid is preferably used.
- a polymer having a high polymerization rate is preferable, and a polymer which can be cured with an energy ray is preferable.
- (meth) atalylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol may be used as a low molecular compound having a plurality of polymerizable unsaturated double bonds, which satisfies such conditions and can impart heat resistance to the crosslinked polymer and is preferably used in the present invention.
- (meth) atalylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol may be used as a low molecular compound having a plurality of polymerizable unsaturated double bonds, which satisfies such conditions and can impart heat resistance to the crosslinked polymer and is preferably used in the present invention.
- esters may be used as a low molecular compound having a plurality of polymerizable unsaturated double bonds, which satisfies such conditions and can impart heat resistance to the crosslinked polymer and is preferably used in the present invention.
- (meth) acrylic acid and polyvalent alcohol are preferable. And esters with the same.
- the polyhydric alcohol used in the present invention is represented by the following general formula (4).
- R 1 represents an n-valent organic group
- n represents a positive integer of 2 or more
- an OH group represents an alcoholic and / or phenolic hydroxyl group.
- Examples of preferred polyhydric alcohols include, for example, the following, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the unsaturated carboxylic acid having a polymerizable unsaturated double bond used in the polyhydric alcohol ester may be one type or a mixture of two or more types. Further, all of the ⁇ H groups in the polyhydric alcohol may be esterified, or some of them may be left as OH groups.
- the following compounds can also be preferably used.
- low molecular compounds having a polymerizable unsaturated double bond can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, a low molecular compound having one unsaturated double bond group may be included in the structure of the crosslinked polymer. However, in order to maintain the heat resistance of the crosslinked polymer, 50% by mass or more of the crosslinked polymer must be contained in the present invention. It is preferably formed from a low molecular compound having a plurality of unsaturated double bond groups according to the above.
- the content of the crosslinked polymer according to the present invention in the transparent film is preferably 5 to 50% by mass based on the total mass of the transparent film.
- the addition amount of the crosslinked polymer was 5 mass.
- the ratio By setting the ratio to / 0 or more, the effect of improving the heat resistance by adding the crosslinked polymer is recognized, and it is difficult to deform when heated at a high temperature.
- the addition amount of the crosslinked polymer exceeds 50% by mass, the transparent film may become brittle, and is preferably 50% by mass or less.
- the method of cross-linking and polymerizing the low-molecular compound having a plurality of polymerizable unsaturated double bonds of the present invention in the cellulose ester of the present invention is optional, for example, Crosslinking polymerization by irradiation with energy rays is preferred because the polymerization rate is high, and heat may be applied when dissolving the cellulose derivative in an organic solvent.
- the energy ray for example, an electron beam, an X-ray, an X-ray, an ultraviolet ray, a visible ray, an infrared ray, etc. can be used. That's good ,.
- the intensity of the irradiated ultraviolet light is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 500 OmW / cm 2 , and more preferably in the range of 10 to 100 mW / cm 2 .
- the irradiation time is also arbitrary, but is generally preferably about 0.1 to 100 seconds.
- ultraviolet rays or visible rays are used as energy rays, it is also preferable to include a photopolymerization initiator for the purpose of increasing the polymerization rate.
- the polymerization rate can be increased and the degree of polymerization can be increased.
- Such preferred photopolymerization initiators include benzoine derivatives, benzyl ketal derivatives such as irgacure 651, and ⁇ -hydroxyacetophenone derivatives such as 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone (irgacure 184). And ⁇ -aminoacetophenone derivatives such as Irgacure 907.
- An electron beam is also a preferable energy beam that can be used in the present invention. When an electron beam is used, it is not affected by the absorption of infrared rays such as a solvent, a coagulating liquid, and other additives, so that the range of choices can be increased and the film forming speed can be improved.
- the temperature of the casting process ( ⁇ 80 ° C) such as azobisisoptyronitrile (AI ⁇ ⁇ ) or benzoyl peroxide ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) is also important. It is also preferable to add the polymerization initiator at a temperature higher and lower than the temperature of the drying step ( ⁇ : 150 ° C).
- the precursor of the cross-linked polymer acts as a plasticizer, so that the drawing operation is easy to perform, and the film is drawn at a higher magnification than a normal cellulose ester film. It becomes possible. Conversely, stretching cannot be performed after the cross-linking reaction, so it is preferable to perform the stretching operation before cross-linking! / ,.
- the transparent film for a display of the present invention is obtained by dissolving cellulose ester or other additives alone or in a mixed organic solvent on a mirror-finished support, and casting the obtained dope liquid (casting step). It is preferable to form it.
- the cellulose ester Prior to the casting step, the cellulose ester is dissolved in an organic solvent. Melting may be performed under normal pressure or under pressure, and the melting angle may be reduced while cooling (0 to 178 ° C) * heating (40 to 150 ° C).
- a film obtained from such a casting film has high flatness and is preferable as a transparent film for a display.
- an organic solvent having good solubility in cellulose ester is called a good solvent, and has a main effect on dissolution.
- an organic solvent used in large amounts is a main (organic) solvent or a main (organic) solvent. ) It is called a solvent.
- Examples of good solvents include ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolan, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
- ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolan, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
- Ethers methyl formate ⁇ , ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, esters such as 0 / -petit mouth ratatone, etc., methyl seguchi sorb, dimethyl imidazolinone, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl
- Examples include acetoamide, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, nitroethane, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, and the like, with preference given to 1,3-dioxolan, acetone, methinolacetate and methylene chloride.
- the number of carbon atoms of 1 to 40% by mass It is preferable to contain from 4 to 4 alcohols.
- the solvent starts to evaporate and the alcohol ratio increases, so that the web (the dope film after casting the cellulose derivative dope on the support) is called.
- the gel is used to make the web strong and easy to peel off from the metal support. When these ratios are low, they also play a role in promoting the dissolution of cellulose derivatives in non-chlorine organic solvents, and also in suppressing the gelling, precipitation, and viscosity increase of reactive metal compounds. .
- Examples of the alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, .n-propanol, iso_prononor, n-butanonor, sec-ptananol, tert-butanol, and propylenedaricol monomethyl ether. I can do it. Of these, ethanol is preferred because of its excellent dope stability, relatively low boiling point, good drying properties, and no toxicity. These organic solvents alone are not soluble in cellulose derivatives and are called poor solvents.
- the most preferable solvent which satisfies such conditions and dissolves the cellulose ester derivative which is a preferable polymer compound at a high concentration is a mixed solvent having a methylene chloride: ethyl alcohol ratio of 95: 5 to 80:20. It is.
- various additives may be added to the dope by batch addition, or an additive solution may be separately prepared and then added to the in-line addition.
- the additive solution When the additive solution is added inline, it is preferable to dissolve a small amount of cellulose ester in order to improve the mixing property with the dope.
- the preferred amount of cellulose ester is 1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 5 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the solvent.
- an in-line mixer such as a static mixer (manufactured by Toray Engineering), SWJ (Toray static in-pipe mixer Hi-Mixer) or the like is preferably used.
- the dope is sent to a pressure die and transferred indefinitely.
- This is a step of casting a dope from a pressure die onto a casting support of an endless metal belt or a rotating metal drum (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a support).
- the surface of the casting support is a mirror surface.
- a doctor blade method in which the thickness of the cast dope film is adjusted with a blade, and the like.
- a coat hanger die or a T-die which can adjust the slip shape of the base portion and easily make the film thickness uniform. Pressure dies, etc.
- ⁇ To evaporate the solvent by heating the substrate on the casting support, a method of blowing air from the web side, a method of transferring heat with liquid from the back of the support, or a method of transferring heat from the front and back by radiant heat A method of backside liquid heat transfer has more preferable drying efficiency. A method of combining them is also preferable.
- the peeled web is sent to the next step. If the residual solvent amount of the web at the time of peeling is too large, peeling is difficult, or conversely, if the web is sufficiently dried on the support and then peeled off, part of the gap may be peeled off in the middle.
- a gel casting method (gel casting) that can remove even a large amount of residual solvent.
- a poor solvent for the cellulose ester is added to the dope, gelling is performed after casting the dope, and a method in which the temperature of the support is lowered to gelate. If the web is peeled off when the amount of residual solvent is larger, if the web is too soft, the flatness at the time of peeling will be impaired, or vertical streaks will easily occur due to the peeling tension, and it will peel off in consideration of economic speed and quality.
- the amount of residual solvent can be determined.
- Drying is a process of drying the web using a drying device that transports the web alternately through rolls arranged in a staggered manner or a tenter device that transports the web by clipping both ends of the web with clips.
- a drying device that transports the web alternately through rolls arranged in a staggered manner or a tenter device that transports the web by clipping both ends of the web with clips.
- hot air is blown on both sides of the surface, but there is also a means of heating by applying microwaves instead of wind. Not so sharp Dry drying tends to impair the flatness of the film. Drying at high temperature should be performed when the residual solvent is less than 8% by mass.
- the drying temperature is usually 40-250 ° C, preferably 70-180 ° C.
- the drying temperature, the amount of drying air, and the drying time vary depending on the solvent used, and the drying conditions may be appropriately selected according to the type and combination of the solvents used.
- the web tends to shrink in the width direction due to evaporation of the solvent.
- the faster the drying at high temperature the greater the shrinkage. Drying while suppressing this shrinkage as much as possible is preferable for improving the flatness of the resulting film. From this viewpoint, for example, the entire drying process or a part of the drying process as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-46665 is carried out while holding both ends of the web with clips in the width direction. Is preferable (a tenter method).
- the cellulose acetate film In order to obtain a low coefficient of linear expansion after drying the cellulose acetate film, which is preferable as a transparent film for a display substrate, the cellulose acetate film must be stretched as disclosed in JP-A-2003-55477. Is preferred.
- the film is preferably stretched in at least one direction, and more preferably biaxially stretched in all in-plane directions in order to keep the coefficient of linear expansion low.
- the biaxial stretching includes a simultaneous biaxial stretching method and a sequential biaxial stretching method, but a sequential biaxial stretching method is preferred from the viewpoint of continuous production.
- Le Shi preferred to peeling at 1 0-1 2 0 mass 0/0.
- the temperature at the peeling position on the support is preferably 10 to 40. C, more preferably 11 to 30 ° C.
- the amount of residual solvent in the web is preferably 20 to 100% by mass, more preferably 30 to 90% by mass.
- Residual solvent amount (% by mass) ⁇ (M-N) NO N ⁇ X 100
- M is the mass of the web (solvent-containing film) at an arbitrary point in time
- N is the mass of the M web dried at 120 ° C for 3 hours.
- Stretching is preferably performed at least once each in the longitudinal (MD: longitudinal) direction and the width (TD: transverse) direction, and more preferably in the longitudinal direction after stretching in the width direction.
- the film Before the transverse stretching of the preheated film, it is preferable to preheat the film at 50 ° C to 150 ° C, more preferably at 60 ° C to 140 ° C, further preferably at 70 ° C to 130 ° C.
- the preheating time is 5 seconds or more and 3 minutes or less, more preferably 10 seconds or more and 2 minutes or less, and even more preferably 15 seconds or more and 90 seconds or less.
- Preheating is preferably performed in a tenter while holding the film with a chuck.
- the stretching speed is preferably from 5 to 300% / min, more preferably from 10 to 200%, even more preferably from 15 to 150% Z. In the present invention, stretching at such a low speed is preferred.
- a typical polymer film eg, polyester
- Such stretching is performed at a temperature of 80 ° C or more and 160 ° C or less, more preferably .90 ° C or less. It is preferably performed at a temperature of not less than 150 ° C and more preferably not less than 100 ° C and not more than 145 ° C.
- the stretching is preferably performed by holding both ends of the film using a tenter.
- the preferred stretching ratio is 3% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 5% or more and 40% or less, still more preferably 7% or more and 35% or less, T JP2004 / 006690
- the following treatment is preferably performed on the film.
- the film is stretched while increasing the temperature in the longitudinal direction at a temperature of 10 ° C or more and 30 ° C or less.
- the temperature rise is preferably from 12 ° C to 28 ° C, more preferably from 15 ° C to 25 ° C.
- the ability to reduce the coefficient of linear expansion in the stretching direction as the orientation is increased by stretching.
- Films of brittle polymers such as cellulose ester films are easily broken during stretching. In particular, in horizontal stretching, since both ends are gripped by the clip and stretched, stress concentrates on the gripped portion and breaks easily occur. In order to highly orient the film without breaking the film, it is preferable to stretch the film while raising the temperature as described above.
- the film is stretched at a low temperature in a state where the residual solvent is large and the film is plasticized.
- the film is stretched in a well-balanced manner over the entire area within the film plane, and a film having a further improved linear expansion coefficient can be obtained.
- the stretching temperature is not less than 50 ° C and not more than the stretching temperature, more preferably not less than 40 ° C and not more than the stretching temperature, and still more preferably not more than 30 ° C.
- the relaxation is 1% or more and 20% or less, more preferably 2% or more and 15% or less, still more preferably 4% or more and 12% or less at a temperature of not less than ° C and not more than the stretching temperature.
- the preferred relaxation time is 5 seconds or more and 300 seconds or less, more preferably 10 seconds or more and 200 seconds or less, and even more preferably 15 seconds or more and 100 seconds or less.
- the temperature is 50 ° C or more and 150 ° C or less, more preferably 60 ° C or more and 140 ° C or less, further preferably 70 ° C or more and 130 ° C or less.
- the preheating time is 5 seconds or more and 3 minutes or less, more preferably 10 seconds or more and 2 minutes or less, and even more preferably 15 seconds or more and 90 seconds or less.
- Preheating is preferably performed by passing over a hot roll or through a heating tank.
- the stretching speed in the stretching process of the stretched film is preferably 50% / min or more and 100% / min or less, more preferably 80% / min or more and 800% / min or less, further preferably 100% / min or less. Not less than% / min and not more than 700% Z minutes.
- the preferred stretching temperature is from 115 ° C to 160 ° C, more preferably from 120 ° C to 150 ° C, even more preferably from 125 ° C to 150 ° C. .
- the preferred stretching ratio is 3% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 5% or more and 40% or less, still more preferably 7% or more and 35% or less,
- Stretching is performed using a heat roll or / and a radiant heat source (such as an IR heater), or while heating in a thermostat, at least two pairs of different peripheral speeds (the peripheral speed on the outlet side is made faster than the inlet side). It is preferable to carry out using.
- a radiant heat source such as an IR heater
- the temperature of the roll (nip roll on the inlet side) immediately before stretching is preferably from 70 ° C to 160 ° C, more preferably from 75 ° C to 140 ° C. C or lower, more preferably 80 ° C or higher and 120 ° C or lower.
- this roll temperature is set above T g.
- the cellulose ester film containing the residual solvent easily sticks to the nipple, and the wrinkles generated thereby cause uneven stretching. 'By setting the temperature of the roll immediately before stretching to Tg or less as described above, sticking to the roll can be prevented.
- the interval between the stretching rolls is preferably 3 to 8 times the base width, more preferably 3.5 to 7.5 times, and further preferably 4
- the film is stretched at an interval of at least 1 and at most 7 times.
- stretching is performed at a short interval of 2 times or less, but during such a short time, the molecules cannot be sufficiently oriented, and the coefficient of linear expansion cannot be sufficiently reduced.
- the temperature at the edge of the film is preferably 10 ° C or more and 30 ° C or less, more preferably 13 ° C or more and 27 ° C or less, and still more preferably 15 ° C or more from the center. Increase the temperature by 2 ° C or less. Thereby, it is possible to suppress stretching unevenness that occurs when the end portion is stretched strongly. Such a method is particularly liable to cause stretching unevenness in the width direction in the case of stretching over a long span as described above, and it is particularly effective to carry out this method in combination.
- radiant heat sources IR heaters or halogen heaters
- a split heater is built in the nip roll, This may give a temperature difference.
- relaxation stretching may be performed while cooling. Cooling is performed sequentially from the stretching temperature using two or more stages of temperature control rolls. At this time, the temperature difference between the adjacent rolls is preferably set to 50 ° C. or less. If the film is rapidly cooled beyond this, wrinkles are generated in the film, which causes stretching unevenness and unevenness of the humidity expansion coefficient of the film. During this time, it is also preferable to reduce the peripheral speed of the temperature control roll on the outlet side to relax the temperature.
- the relaxation amount is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 7% or less, and further preferably 5% or less.
- the stretching operation is preferably performed before the polymerization of the (meth) acrylate monomer. After that, irradiation with active radiation to polymerize the (meth) acrylate monomer is performed.
- a cellulose ester film containing less than 1% of a plasticizer is used.
- the glass transition temperature is 180 ° C or higher and the coefficient of thermal expansion is in the range of 5 to 50 ppm / ° C by forming by the casting film forming method and stretching in both the transport direction and the width direction.
- a transparent film for a display substrate can be obtained. Therefore, a crystalline, low-resistance transparent conductive film can be formed on the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention, and the coefficient of thermal expansion is 50 ppmZ ° C or less. Deterioration of the conductive layer and the functional thin film before and after the manufacturing process can be suppressed.
- the glass transition temperature is 200 ° C. or higher and the coefficient of thermal expansion is 5 to 30 ppm ⁇ C.
- the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention includes a film such as a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal oxynitride, or a metal carbide as at least one surface of the transparent film as a moisture-proof film. It is preferable to form it. These may be laminated or may be formed on the inner surface.
- the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention has a very low addition of a plasticizer that reduces the coefficient of humidity expansion to less than 1% by mass, and is therefore more preferably formed on both surfaces.
- a plasticizer that reduces the coefficient of humidity expansion to less than 1% by mass, and is therefore more preferably formed on both surfaces.
- the transparent film for display substrates does not substantially absorb moisture, so that it is possible to suppress the expansion due to moisture absorption, and to suppress the disadvantages of low plasticizer content.
- One type selected from silicon, zirconium, titanium, tungsten, tantalum, aluminum, zinc, indium, chromium, vanadium, tin, and niobium as the metal oxide, metal nitride, and metal oxynitride used for such a film.
- Examples include oxides, nitrides or carbides, and oxynitrides of the above elements, such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and nitride. Silicon oxide and silicon carbide are preferable, and a metal oxide film containing silicon oxide as a main component is particularly preferable.
- Main component means that the main component
- the ratio in the components of the moisture-proof film is 80 mass. / 0 or more.
- Metal oxides, metal nitrides, and metal oxynitrides can be formed by, for example, a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, or the like, and an atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment method described later is a preferable method.
- an atmospheric pressure plasma CVD method since the reaction is performed under a very high pressure of the atmospheric pressure, the average free path of the fine particles forming the inorganic thin film is short, and a very flat film can be obtained. This is because gasparability can be obtained.
- the transparent conductive film according to the present invention is generally well-known as an industrial material, and is a film that is transparent and hardly absorbs visible light (400 to 700 nm) and is a good conductor. . Since the free charged material that carries electricity has high transmission characteristics in the visible light range, is transparent, and has high electrical conductivity, it is used as a transparent electrode for displays such as organic EL display devices and liquid crystal display devices. When a transparent conductive film is used as a transparent electrode for a display, the thickness of the transparent conductive film should be adjusted based on the balance between film strength and sheet resistance.
- the transparent conductive film SnO 2, I n 2 O 3, CdO, Z n O 2, Sn_ ⁇ 2: Sb, S N_ ⁇ 2: F, ZnO: AL, I n 2 ⁇ 3: metal such as S n
- Examples include an oxide film and a composite oxide film made of a dopant. .
- the complex oxide film according to the dopant for example, I TO film obtained by dough Bing tin oxide Injiumu, FTO film obtained by doping fluorine into tin oxide, I n 2 0 3 - from Z Itashita amorphous IZO film and the like.
- Such a transparent conductive film may be formed by, for example, a wet film forming method represented by coating or a dry film forming method using a vacuum such as a nottering method, a vacuum evaporation method, or an ion plating method.
- a preferred method for forming a transparent conductive film on the conductive film of the present invention is an atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment method in which the film forming process is simple.
- Atmospheric-pressure plasma processing is a method in which an electric field is generated between opposing electrodes under atmospheric pressure or a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, so that the reactive gas between the electrodes is turned into a plasma state, and this plasma state is reached.
- a film is formed on a substrate by exposing the substrate to a reactive gas.
- near atmospheric pressure refers to a pressure of 20 kPa to 110 kPa, and more preferably 93 kPa to 104 kPa.
- the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment device is located at a position facing the roll electrode, which is the earth electrode.
- a plurality of fixed electrodes, which are applied electrodes, are disposed between the electrodes, and a discharge is caused between these electrodes, and a reaction gas containing an inert gas and a reactive gas introduced between the electrodes is turned into a plasma state, and By exposing the substrate film transferred while being wound on the roll electrode to the reaction gas in the plasma state, a thin film such as a moisture-proof film or a conductive film is formed on the film.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a plasma discharge treatment apparatus under atmospheric pressure or a pressure near the atmospheric pressure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is composed of a plasma discharge processing apparatus 30, gas filling means 50, voltage applying means 40, and electrode temperature adjusting means 60.
- the substrate film CF is subjected to plasma discharge treatment.
- the base film CF is unwound from the original roll (not shown) and transported, or is transported from the previous process and passed along the guide rolls 64 and nips with the base film at the nip rolls 65.
- Incoming air and the like are cut off, and are transported between the rectangular cylindrical fixed electrode group 36 while being wound while being in contact with the roll rotating electrode 35, and are passed through -pp roll 66 and guide roll 67.
- the reaction gas is supplied to the discharge processing chamber 32 of the plasma discharge processing vessel 31 through the gas supply port 52 by controlling the flow rate of the reaction gas G generated by the gas generator 51 by the gas filling means 50.
- the discharge processing chamber 32 is filled with the reaction gas G, and the processing exhaust gas G ′ is discharged from the exhaust port 53.
- the voltage application means 40 applies a voltage to the rectangular cylindrical fixed electrode group 36 by the high frequency power supply 41, grounds the roll rotating electrode 35, and generates a discharge plasma between the electrodes.
- Roll rotating electrode 3 5 and square cylindrical fixed electrode group 3 The medium 6 is heated or cooled by using an electrode temperature adjusting means 60 and then sent to the electrode.
- Electrode The temperature of the medium whose temperature has been adjusted by the temperature adjusting means 60 is adjusted from the inside of the roll rotating electrode 35 and the rectangular cylindrical fixed electrode group 36 through the pipe 61 by the liquid sending pump P via the pipe 61.
- the physical properties and composition of the obtained thin film may change depending on the temperature of the base film, and it is preferable to appropriately control this.
- an insulating material such as distilled water or oil is preferably used.
- Reference numerals 68 and 69 denote partition plates that partition the plasma discharge processing container 31 from the outside world.
- the reaction gas used for the discharge plasma treatment is introduced into the plasma discharge treatment container 31 from the air supply port 52, and the gas after the treatment is exhausted from the exhaust port 53. ⁇
- FIG. 2 is a sketch drawing showing an example showing the structure of a conductive base material such as a metal of a roll electrode and a dielectric material coated thereon.
- a roll rotating electrode 35a which is a ground electrode, uses a sealing material of an inorganic compound after spraying ceramics as a dielectric coating layer on a conductive base material 35A such as a metal. It is composed of a combination coated with a dielectric material 35B that has been subjected to a ceramics coating process that has been subjected to a hole sealing process. The ceramic-coated dielectric is coated 1 mm with one side and grounded. Also, as the ceramic material used for thermal spraying, anoremina / silicon nitride or the like is preferably used. Of these, alumina is more preferably used because it is easy to process.
- the dielectric layer may be a lining treated dielectric provided with an inorganic material by glass lining.
- titanium metal or a titanium alloy As a conductive base material 35 A of a metal or the like, titanium metal or a titanium alloy, silver, platinum, Metals such as stainless steel, aluminum and iron, and composite materials of iron and ceramics or composite materials of aluminum and ceramics are preferred. Titanium metal or titanium alloy is preferable from the viewpoint of the stability of the force electrode.
- Fig. 3 shows an example showing the structure of a base material 36A of a rectangular cylindrical fixed electrode from which one of the rectangular cylindrical fixed electrode groups as an applied electrode is taken out and a dielectric 36B coated thereon.
- the prismatic electrode 36a has a dielectric coating layer similar to that of FIG. 2 on a conductive base material such as a metal. That is, a hollow metal pipe is coated with the same dielectric material as described above, so that cooling with cooling water can be performed during discharge.
- the rectangular cylindrical electrode 36a shown in FIG. 3 has an effect of expanding the discharge range (discharge area) as compared with the cylindrical electrode, and is therefore preferably used in the thin film forming method of the present invention.
- the power source for applying a voltage to the applied electrode is not particularly limited, but includes Shinko Electric High Frequency M (3 kHz), Shinko Electric High Frequency Power Supply (5 kHz), Shinko Electric High Frequency Power Supply (15 kHz), and Shinko Electric High frequency power supply (50 kHz), Heiden Laboratory high frequency power supply (continuous mode, 2.5 to 100 kHz), high frequency power supply from Pearl Industries (200 kHz), high frequency power supply from Pearl Industries (800 kHz), High frequency power supply (2MHz) manufactured by Pearl Industry, high frequency power supply (13.56MHz) manufactured by JEOL, high frequency power supply (27MHz) manufactured by Pearl Industry, high frequency power supply (150MHz) manufactured by Pearl Industry, etc. can be used.
- a power supply that oscillates at 433 MHz, 800 MHz, 1.3 GHz, 1.5 GHz, 1.9 GHz, 2.45 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 10 GHz may be used.
- frequencies at which molecules in a mixed gas can be excited may be different, two or more kinds of frequencies may be superimposed and used.
- the distance between the electrodes is determined in consideration of the thickness of the solid dielectric provided on the conductive base material of the electrodes, the magnitude of the applied voltage, the purpose of utilizing the plasma, and the like.
- the shortest distance between the dielectric surface and the electrode when a dielectric is provided on one of the electrodes, and the distance between the dielectric surfaces when the dielectric is provided on both of the electrodes are uniform discharge in any case. From the viewpoint of performing the above, it is preferably 0.5 to 20 mm, particularly preferably 1 ⁇ 0.5 mm.
- the value of the voltage applied to the prismatic fixed electrode group 36 from the power supply 41 is a force determined as appropriate.
- the voltage is 10 V or more: L is about 0 kV, and the power supply frequency is 100 kHz. Over 2.5 GHz.
- the power supply method either a continuous sine wave continuous oscillation mode called continuous mode or an intermittent oscillation mode called pulse mode that turns ON / OFF intermittently may be adopted. Can obtain a denser and higher quality film.
- the plasma discharge processing container 31 may be made of metal as long as it is insulated from the force electrode, which is preferably a Pyrex (R) glass processing container.
- a polyimide resin or the like may be adhered to the inner surface of an aluminum or stainless steel frame, and the metal frame may be sprayed with ceramics to obtain insulation.
- the temperature of the base film during the discharge plasma treatment is set to room temperature (15 ° C to 25 ° C) to 300 ° C. It is preferable to adjust the temperature to C or lower. In order to adjust the temperature to the above-mentioned range, the electrodes and the base film are subjected to a discharge plasma treatment while being cooled or heated by a temperature adjusting means as necessary.
- the reaction gas for forming a moisture-proof film on the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention will be described.
- the reaction gas used is basically a reaction gas containing an inert gas and a reactive gas for forming a thin film.
- the reaction gas used is a mixed gas containing an inert gas and a reactive gas.
- the inert gas is an element belonging to Group 18 of the periodic table, specifically, a rare gas such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, or radon, or nitrogen.
- a rare gas such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, or radon
- nitrogen nitrogen.
- helium, argon, and nitrogen are preferably used.
- argon In order to form a dense and high-precision thin film, it is most preferable to use argon as a rare gas.
- the argon gas is preferably contained in an amount of 90.0 to 99.9% by volume based on 100% by volume of the reaction gas (mixed gas of a rare gas and a reactive gas).
- the reaction gas used for forming the thin film of the moisture-proof film basically includes an inert gas and a reactive gas for forming the thin film.
- the reactive gas is preferably contained in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by volume based on the reaction gas.
- As the thickness of the thin film a thin film in the range of 0.1 to: 100 nm can be obtained.
- the reactive gas is in a plasma state in the discharge space and contains components that form a thin film.
- the reactive gas includes an organometallic compound, an organic compound, an inorganic compound, and a compound that directly forms a thin film with hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, There is a gas used supplementarily such as carbon dioxide.
- any compound that can obtain appropriate moisture-proof properties can be used without any limitation.
- titanium compounds, tin compounds, silicon compounds, fluorine compounds, and fluorine compounds can be used.
- a silicon compound having nitrogen or a mixture of these compounds can be preferably used, and a silicon compound is most preferable.
- these may be in a gas, liquid or solid state at normal temperature and normal pressure.
- the force s can be directly introduced into the discharge space, and in the case of a liquid or solid, it is vaporized and used by means such as heating, bubbling, decompression, and ultrasonic irradiation. It may be used after diluting with a solvent.
- a solvent organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, n-hexane and the like and a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
- these diluting solvents are decomposed into molecules and atoms during the plasma discharge treatment, so that the influence can be almost ignored.
- a compound having a vapor pressure in a temperature range of 0 ° C. to 250 ° C. under atmospheric pressure is preferable, and a compound exhibiting a liquid state in a temperature range of 0 to 250 ° C. is more preferable.
- the pressure in the plasma deposition chamber is close to the atmospheric pressure, so if it cannot be vaporized at atmospheric pressure, it is difficult to feed gas into the plasma deposition chamber, and if the raw material compound is liquid, it will be in the 1S plasma deposition chamber. This is because the amount to be sent can be accurately controlled.
- organometallic compounds include, as compounds containing silicon, silane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, tetra-t-butoxysilane , Dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane, methtriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, (3,3,3-triphenylenopropyl) trimethoxysilane, Hexamethyldisiloxane, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, otamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, bis (dimethylamino
- Examples of the compound containing titanium include titanium methoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium n-butoxide, titanium diisopropoxide (bis-2,4-pentanedionate), and titanium diisopropoxide. (Bis-1,2-ethyl acetate acetate), titanium di-n-butoxide (bis-1,2-pentanedionate), titanium acetyl acetate, butyl titanate dimer, and the like.
- zirconium n-propoxide zirconium n-ptoxide, dinoreconium t-butoxide, and dinoreconium trioxide.
- n-butoxide 1- reacetonate dimethyl acetate n-butoxide bisacetylacetonate, zirconium acetyl acetate, zirconium acetate, dinolecoium hexafenoleone pentanedionate, and the like.
- Aluminum-containing compounds include aluminum ethoxide, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum n-butoxide, aluminum s-butoxide, aluminum t-butoxide, and aluminum acetyl acetate. , Triethylenoleno-remitol s-butoxide, trimethinoleamine-alan, and the like.
- Compounds containing boron include diborane, tetraborane, boron fluoride, boron chloride, boron bromide, borane-ethyl ether complex, borane-THF complex, borane-dimethyl sulfide complex, and boron trifluoride gel.
- Examples include tyl ether complex, triethyl porane, trimethoxy borane, triethoxy borane, tri (isopropoxy) borane, borazole, trimethyl borazole, triethyl borazole, and triisopropyl borazole.
- the compounds containing tin include tetraethyltin, tetramethyltin, di-n-butyltin diacetate, tetrabutyltin, tetraoctyltin, tetraethoxytin, methyltriethoxytin, getyl ethoxytin, triisopropylethoxy, and getyl. ⁇ , dimethyl, ⁇ tin, diisopropinole tin, diptinole tin, ethoxy tin, dimethoxy tin, disopropoxy tin, dibutoxy tin, tin dibutyrate, tin diacetacetonate, ethyl tin acetate acetate, ethoxy tin Acetoacetonate, dimethinole tin diacetacetonate, etc .; tin hydride; etc.
- Examples of halogen tin include
- organic compound composed of other metals examples include, for example, antimony ethoxide, 2004/006690
- silicon compounds can be preferably used as the reactive gas. This is because silicon compounds are safe, have no explosive properties, and are powerful and highly volatile, so they can be stably supplied to the plasma space and uniform films can be easily obtained.
- a tin oxide layer and a zinc oxide layer formed from a tin compound or a zinc compound can be used as both a moisture-proof film and an antistatic layer because the surface specific resistance can be reduced to 1 OHQ / cm 2 or less. Tin compounds and zinc compounds are also preferred reactive gases.
- the reactive gas for forming a transparent conductive film used for forming the transparent conductive film by the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment is in a plasma state in the discharge space and contains a component for forming the transparent conductive film, e Organic metal compounds such as diketone metal complexes, metal alkoxides, and alkyl metals are used.
- the reactive gas includes a reactive gas that is a main component of the transparent conductive film and a reactive gas that is used in a small amount for the purpose of doping. Further, there is a reactive gas used to adjust the resistance value of the transparent conductive film.
- the reactive gas used as the main component in forming the transparent conductive film is preferably an organometallic compound having an oxygen atom in the molecule.
- organometallic compound having an oxygen atom in the molecule.
- examples thereof include ptino resin diacetoxy tin, tetraisopropoxy tin, tetrabutoxy tin, and zinc acetyl acetate
- indimacetyl acetatetonate tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl3,5-heptandionate) indium
- zinc acetylacetonate and g-n-butyldiacetoxytin. is there.
- Examples of the reactive gas used for doping include aluminum isopropoxide, nickel acetinol acetonate, manganese acetylenol acetonate, boron isopropoxide, n-butoxyantimony, tri-n-ptinoleantimony, and ze-n.
- Examples of the reactive gas used to adjust the resistance value of the transparent conductive film include titanium triisopropoxide, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, and the like. '
- the amount ratio of the reactive gas used as the main component of the transparent conductive film to the reactive gas used in a small amount for the purpose of doping depends on the type of the transparent conductive film to be formed.
- the amount of the reactive gas is adjusted so that the atomic ratio of I 11 311 in the obtained ITO film is in the range of 100Z0.1 to lOOZl5.
- it is adjusted to be in the range of 100 / 0.5 to 100/10.
- the atomic ratio of In / Sn can be determined by XPS measurement.
- the atomic ratio of SnZF in the obtained FTO film is 100 / 0.01 .: L 00/50
- the ratio of the reactive gas is adjusted so as to fall within the range.
- the atomic ratio of SnZF can be determined by XPS measurement.
- the atomic ratio of I n / Z ⁇ can be determined by XPS measurement.
- the doping amount of Sn is preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the content of the reactive gas is preferably 0.01 to 10% by volume in the reactive gas, and more preferably. , is 0.01 to 1 volume 0/0. Further, by containing 0.01 to 5% by volume of a component selected from oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen as a reactive gas, the reaction is promoted and the density is increased. Thus, a high-quality thin film can be formed.
- a transparent conductive film in a range of 0.1 nm to 100 nm can be obtained.
- both gases and liquids at normal temperature and pressure are used. Either state may be used.
- a gas it can be introduced into the discharge space as it is, but in the case of a liquid or solid, it is used after being vaporized by heating, decompression, ultrasonic irradiation or the like.
- the metal alkoxide may be used after being diluted with a solvent. In this case, the metal alkoxide may be vaporized into a rare gas by a vaporizer or the like and used as a reaction gas.
- organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, n-hexane and the like and a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
- a high-frequency voltage exceeding 100 kHz and a power (output density) of 1 W / cm 2 or more is supplied between opposing electrodes, and a reactive gas is supplied.
- a reactive gas is supplied.
- the upper limit of the frequency of the high-frequency voltage applied between the electrodes is preferably 2.5 GHz, and more preferably 150 MHz or less. Further, the lower limit of the frequency of the high-frequency voltage is preferably 20.0 kHz or more, more preferably 800 kHz or more. When the high-frequency voltage is smaller than 100 kHz, the film forming speed is slow and productivity may be poor.
- the lower limit of the power supplied between the electrodes is preferably l WZ cm 2 or more, the upper limit is preferably 5 OW / cm 2 or less, more preferably Der 2 OW / cm 2 or less You. If the electric power is smaller than 1 WZ cm 2 , the film forming speed is low and productivity may be poor.
- Contact name discharge area (l Z cm 2) is to a finger to a area in the range where the discharge occurs in the electrode.
- the discharge area corresponds to the total area of the discharge surface of one electrode.
- the total power applied to a pair of opposed electrodes is preferably more than 15 kW, more preferably It is at least 30 kW, more preferably at least 50 kW. From the viewpoint of heat generation, it is preferably at most 300 kW.
- the total power corresponds to the power (W) supplied from the power supply connected to the pair of electrodes. ⁇ If two or more power supplies are connected to the set of electrodes, the value is the sum of the power supplied by all of these power supplies. More specifically, in the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus shown in FIG.
- the roll rotating electrode 35 and the rectangular cylindrical fixed electrode group 36 are used as a pair of opposed electrodes, and the power supply 41 connected thereto is used. Power supplied from the In order to satisfy the range of total power, it is necessary that the discharge area be large to some extent.
- the high-frequency voltage applied between the electrodes may be an intermittent pulse wave or a continuous sine wave, but in order to obtain a high effect of the present invention, a continuous sin wave is used. Preferably, there is.
- the electrodes used in the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment are uniform even when such a high-power electric field is applied to a large-area electrode under the atmospheric pressure or a pressure near the atmospheric pressure. It is necessary to adopt a highly durable electrode capable of maintaining a discharge state in a plasma discharge treatment apparatus.
- At least a discharge surface on a conductive base material such as a metal is coated with a dielectric.
- At least one of the opposing applied electrode and the ground electrode is coated with a dielectric, and preferably, both the applied electrode and the ground electrode are coated with a dielectric.
- a dielectric-coated electrode is a composite part of a conductive base material such as a metal and a dielectric material such as ceramics and glass. It is easily broken and it is difficult to maintain a stable plasma discharge. In particular, this is remarkable in a dielectric-coated electrode having a large discharge area.
- at least one of the dielectric-coated electrodes can withstand it. Is required.
- the dielectric used for the dielectric-coated electrode is specifically preferably an inorganic compound having a relative dielectric constant of 6 to 45, and such a dielectric is preferably
- ceramic spray materials such as alumina and silicon nitride, and glass lining materials such as silicate glass and borate glass. Among them, those obtained by spraying ceramics described later and those provided by glass lining are preferable. In particular, a dielectric provided by spraying aluminum is preferable.
- the heat resistance temperature is 100 ° C. or higher. It is more preferably at least 120 ° C, particularly preferably at least 150 ° C.
- the heat-resistant temperature refers to the highest temperature that can withstand a normal discharge without dielectric breakdown.
- Such a heat-resistant temperature can be attained by the above-described ceramic spraying or the layered glass lining provided with a different amount of bubbles. This can be achieved by applying an electric body or appropriately combining means for appropriately selecting a material within the range of a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the following conductive base material and the dielectric.
- the specification is intended combinations difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the dielectric and the conductive base material is less than 10X 10- 6 Z ° C.
- the linear thermal expansion coefficient is a physical property value of a well-known material.
- the combination of the conductive base material and the dielectric having a difference in linear thermal expansion coefficient in this range is as follows.
- the conductive base material is a titanium metal or titanium alloy containing 70% by mass or more of titanium, and the dielectric is ceramic sprayed.
- a film having a glass lining as a dielectric is preferably used.
- the titanium metal or titanium alloy can be used without any problem as long as it contains 70% by mass or more of titanium, but preferably contains 80% by mass or more of titanium.
- the titanium alloy or titanium metal useful in the present invention those commonly used as industrial pure titanium, corrosion-resistant titanium, high-strength titanium and the like can be used.
- industrial pure titanium include TIA, TIB, TIC, and TID, all of which contain very little iron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. Is 99% by mass or more.
- T 15 PB can be preferably used, which contains lead in addition to the above-mentioned contained atoms, and has a titanium content of 98% by mass or more.
- titanium alloy in addition to the above atoms except for lead, T64, T325, T525, TA3, and the like containing aluminum and containing vanadium and tin can be preferably used.
- the titanium content is 85% by mass or more.
- These titanium alloys or titanium metals have a coefficient of thermal expansion smaller than that of stainless steel, for example, AISI 316 by about 1/2, and are applied on titanium alloy or titanium metal as a metal base material. The combination with the dielectric described later is good, and it can withstand use at high temperature for a long time.
- the thickness of the dielectric is 0.5 to 2 rmn.
- This variation in film thickness is desirably 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, and more preferably 1% or less.
- the sprayed film of ceramic or the like is preferably a metal oxide, also is preferable to contain a particular oxidation Kei containing in this (S i O x) as the main component.
- the inorganic compound for pore-sealing treatment is formed by curing by a sol-gel reaction.
- the inorganic compound for the sealing treatment is mainly composed of a metal oxide, a metal alkoxide or the like is applied as a sealing liquid on the ceramic sprayed film and cured by a sol-gel reaction.
- the inorganic compound is mainly composed of silica, it is preferable to use alkoxysilane as the sealing liquid.
- the energy treatment includes thermal curing (preferably at 200 ° C. or less) and ultraviolet irradiation.
- thermal curing preferably at 200 ° C. or less
- ultraviolet irradiation preferably at 200 ° C. or less
- the sealing liquid is diluted, and the coating and curing are repeated several times sequentially, the inorganic material can be more improved, and a dense electrode without deterioration can be obtained.
- the cured gold The content of the group oxide is preferably at least 60 mol%.
- the content of Si ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ is 2 or less) after curing is preferably 60 mol% or more.
- S i O x content after curing is measured by analyzing a tomographic dielectric layer by XPS.
- polishing of the dielectric surface is preferably performed at least on the dielectric in contact with the substrate film.
- the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention may be directly formed with a metal compound layer such as the above-described moisture-proof film and transparent conductive film, but may be formed on at least one other intermediate layer. I'm sorry.
- a metal compound layer such as the above-described moisture-proof film and transparent conductive film
- an antiglare layer ⁇ a clear hard coat layer or the like can be preferably used, and these layers are preferably actinic ray curing resin layers which are cured by actinic rays such as ultraviolet rays.
- This intermediate layer has an effect of improving adhesion and reducing plasma damage when a metal oxide layer is formed by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.
- the characteristics of the metal compound layer can be improved as compared with the case where the metal compound layer is formed directly on the transparent film of the present invention.
- the adhesiveness between the transparent film of the present invention and the metal compound layer can be improved by this intermediate layer.
- the active ray-curable resin layers such as the antiglare layer and the clear hard coat layer are resin layers formed by polymerizing a component containing a polymerizable unsaturated monomer, and are active ray-curable resin layers.
- the actinic radiation-curable resin layer refers to a layer mainly composed of a resin that cures through a crosslinking reaction or the like by irradiation with actinic rays such as ultraviolet rays or electron beams.
- Typical examples of the actinic radiation curable resin include an ultraviolet curable resin and an electron beam curable resin.
- the resin may be cured by irradiation with actinic radiation other than ultraviolet rays and electron beams.
- Examples of the UV-curable resin include UV-curable acrylic urethane resin, UV-curable polyester acrylate resin, UV-curable epoxy acrylate resin, UV-curable polyacrylate resin, and UV-curable epoxy resin.
- Examples of the resin include a resin and an ultraviolet-curable oxetane resin.
- a thin film of a moisture-proof film or a transparent conductive film is formed on the transparent film for a display substrate
- these layers may be laminated on each other,
- the film may be formed on each side.
- the moisture-proof film may be formed on both sides.
- An antifouling layer may be provided on the back surface side of the transparent film for a display substrate on which the conductive film is not laminated. If there is also a moisture barrier on the back side, an antifouling layer or reflection You may laminate
- the transparent film or the transparent conductive film of the present invention may be used by being bonded to another film-like, sheet-like or plate-like molded product.
- the antifouling layer is a layer that does not easily adhere to dirt and fingerprints and that is easy to wipe off so that the transparent substrate surface is not stained and makes it difficult to see the transmitted image.
- the antifouling layer for example by adding isopropyl alcohol to the thermally crosslinkable fluorine-containing polymer, 0.
- the film has a total light transmittance of 50% or more.
- films generally used for optical applications preferably have a total light transmittance of 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more.
- the total light transmittance is the ratio of the total transmitted light flux to the parallel incident light flux of the test piece (refer to JIS K-7365-1-1).
- the transparent filter for a display substrate on which the moisture-proof film or the transparent conductive film of the present invention is formed It is preferable that the film has a positive birefringence wavelength dispersion characteristic when viewed from the normal direction, and if a film having a positive birefringence wavelength dispersion characteristic is used as a display substrate, the total visible light Polarization can be compensated in the wavelength region, and color shift can be prevented in a liquid crystal panel using a display method that uses birefringence, and good contrast can be obtained in an organic EL display device. Obtainable.
- These transparent conductive films are used as thin film transparent electrodes, and if necessary, after patterning, various functional thin films are further laminated on the transparent conductive film to form the above-described liquid crystal display, organic EL display, or touch panel. It is possible to configure an electronic device such as.
- DAC diacetyl cellulose
- THF dehydrated tetrahydrofuran
- IPTES 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane
- a mixing tank was charged with 60 parts by mass of ethanol, 685 parts by mass of methylene chloride, and 100 parts by mass of DAC, and dissolved by stirring at 80 ° C. while heating at 80 ° C.
- the number average molecular weight of DAC was 120,000 and the number average molecular weight was 300,000.
- the obtained dope was cast using a band casting machine. When the residual solvent amount became 50%, the dope was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, and then 10% in the TD direction and then 10% in the MD direction. After stretching in%, the film was dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 101 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to 100 ⁇ and cast.
- the specific stretching conditions for MD (longitudinal) stretching and (TD) (horizontal) stretching are as follows. Lateral stretching
- preheating the film at 80 for 10 seconds After preheating the film at 80 for 10 seconds, it was stretched with a temperature gradient of 130 ° C at the end of stretching. The stretching speed was 100% / min.
- Preheating force ⁇ When moving to stretching, a tenter rail with a radius of curvature of 10 Omm Spread. After stretching, the film was relaxed by 5% at 130 ° C for 30 seconds. In this state, stretching was performed so as to obtain a predetermined stretching ratio.
- Residual solvent amount (% by mass) (M-N) / NX 100
- M represents the mass of the film immediately after peeling
- N represents the mass of the film immediately after drying the peeled film at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the dope A was cast using a pan casting machine, and when the residual solvent amount became 60%, the dope A was peeled off from the top of the pan, immediately transferred to a tenter, and then 20% in the TD direction and then in the MD direction. After stretching by 20%, the film was dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 102 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to lO Oizm and cast.
- ⁇ Preparation of the substrate film 103 of the present invention The dope A was cast using a band casting machine, and when the residual solvent amount became 70%, the dope A was peeled off from the band, immediately transferred to a tenter, and then 30% in the TD direction and then in the MD direction. After stretching by 30%, the film was dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 103 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to 100 / zm and cast.
- the dope A was made to contain 0.1% by mass of a plasticizer, EPEG (ethyl phthalylethyl dicholate), which was cast using a band casting machine to reduce the residual solvent amount to 70%.
- EPEG ethyl phthalylethyl dicholate
- the film was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, stretched by 30% in the TD direction and then by 30% in the MD direction, and then dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 104 of the present invention.
- the film thickness was finally adjusted to 100 m and cast.
- the dope A was made to contain 0.5% by mass of EPEG (ethyl phthalylethyl glycolate) as a plasticizer, and was cast using a band casting machine. When the residual solvent amount became 70%, The film was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, stretched 30% in the TD direction and then 30% in the MD direction, and then dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 105 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to lOOim and the film was cast.
- EPEG ethyl phthalylethyl glycolate
- the dope A was made to contain 1.0% by mass of a plasticizer, EPEG (ethyl phthalyl ethyl dicholate), which was cast using a band casting machine, and when the residual solvent amount became 70%, Stripped from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, stretched 30% in the TD direction and then 30% in the MD direction, dried at 120 ° C and dried according to the present invention. Huinolem 106 was obtained. In addition, the film thickness was adjusted so as to finally become 100 wm, and the film was cast.
- EPEG ethyl phthalyl ethyl dicholate
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- the obtained dope was cast using a band casting machine. When the residual solvent amount became 50%, the dope was peeled off from the band, immediately transferred to a tenter, and then 10% in the TD direction and then 10% in the MD direction. After stretching in%, the film was dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 107 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted so as to be ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and cast.
- the dope was cast using a band casting machine, and when the residual solvent content reached 60%, the dope was stripped off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, 20% in the TD direction, and then in the MD direction. After stretching by 20%, the film was dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 108 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to 100 m and cast.
- the dope A was cast using a band casting machine, and when the residual solvent amount became 70%, the dope A was peeled off from the band, immediately transferred to a tenter, and then 30% in the TD direction and then in the MD direction. After stretching by 30%, the film was dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 109 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to 100 / zm and cast.
- the obtained dope C and dope A were mixed and stirred for 1 hour to obtain dope D.
- the obtained dope D was cast using a band casting machine, and when the residual solvent amount became 50%, it was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, 10% in the TD direction, and then in the MD direction. After stretching by 10%, the film was dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 110 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to 100 zm and cast.
- the dope D was cast using a band casting machine, and when the amount of the residual solvent became 60%, the dope D was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, and then 20% in the TD direction and then in the MD direction. After stretching by 20%, the film was dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 111 of the invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to be ⁇ ⁇ and cast.
- Dope C was prepared in another mixing tank in the same manner. The obtained dope E and dope C were mixed and stirred for 1 hour to obtain dope F.
- the obtained dope F was cast using a band casting machine, peeled off from the band when the residual solvent content reached 50%, immediately conveyed to a tenter, and then 10% in the TD direction and then in the MD direction. After performing 10% stretching, dried at 120 ° C., the film of the present invention 2004/006690
- the dope F was cast using a band casting machine, and when the residual solvent content reached 60%, the dope F was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, and then 20% in the TD direction and then in the MD direction. After stretching by 20%, the film was dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a film 113 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to be 100 ⁇ and cast.
- the obtained dope was cast using a band casting machine, and when the residual solvent amount became 50%, the dope was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, and then 10% in the TD direction and then in the MD direction. After stretching by 10%, the film was dried at 150 ° C. to obtain a film 114 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to be 100 m and cast.
- the dope G was cast using a band casting machine, and when the residual solvent amount reached 60%, the dope G was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, and then 20% in the TD direction and then in the MD direction. 20% stretch? Thereafter, the film was dried at 150 ° C. to obtain a film 115 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to lO O ⁇ m and cast.
- the obtained dope was cast using a band casting machine.
- the residual solvent amount became 50%
- the dope was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, and then 20% in the TD direction and then 20% in the MD direction.
- the film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 20 OmWZ cm 2 from both sides of the film for 10 seconds using a metal halide lamp, and then dried at 120 ° C.
- the film thickness was adjusted so as to finally become 100 OOim and then cast.
- the dope H was cast using a band casting machine, and when the residual solvent amount became 50%, the dope H was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, and then 30% in the TD direction and then in the MD direction. After 30% stretching, when the amount of residual solvent is 3% or less, irradiate ultraviolet rays of 20 OmWZ cm 2 from both sides of the film for 10 seconds using a metal halide lamp, and then 120 ° Drying with C yielded film 117 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to 100 wm and then cast.
- the dope H was cast using a band casting machine, and when the residual solvent amount became 70%, the dope H was peeled off from the band, immediately conveyed to a tenter, and then 50% in the TD direction and then in the MD direction. 50% stretch lines Tsutanochi, both sides of the film of 200 mW / cm 2 ultraviolet using main barrel Hara I de lamp where the residual solvent amount became less than 3% Karaso respectively 1 0 seconds after irradiation, 1 20 Drying at ° C yielded film 118 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to be 100 // m and cast.
- the same dope B as that used to produce the substrate film 107 was prepared and cast using a band casting machine. When the residual solvent content reached 50%, the dope B was peeled off from the band, and the film was directly stretched without stretching. Drying at ° C gave film 120 of the present invention. The film thickness was finally adjusted to lO O / ⁇ m and cast.
- Film is a poly-nor Pol nen film of thickness 100 W m.
- the glass transition temperature of the cellulose esters of the present invention is often unclear and not measured by a scanning differential calorimeter (DSC)
- DSC scanning differential calorimeter
- the inflection of the temperature-strain curve in the thermal stress strain measurement ( ⁇ ) is obtained.
- the point was taken as the glass transition temperature.
- Thermal stress strain measurement was performed using a TMA-SS 6100 made of silicon instruments, a sample with a film thickness of 100 111 and a width of 4 mm was fixed at a chuck distance of 2 Omm, and the temperature was raised from room temperature to 180 ° C. After removing the residual strain, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 250 at 5 ° C / min. The temperature was raised to C, and the linear expansion coefficient was determined from the increase in the distance between the chucks. Note that the linear expansion coefficient in the table is one, but the linear expansion coefficients in the MD and TD directions are almost the same.
- the glass transition temperature was determined from the inflection point of the temperature-strain curve.
- Retardation value R at (480) and 590 nm. (590) is similarly measured using KOBRA-21 ADH, and the ratio of the birefringence value at 480 nm to the birefringence value at 590 nm is calculated as shown below, and the chromatic dispersion of birefringence is calculated. evaluated.
- the substrate films 122 and 123 of the comparative examples are not preferable because the glass transition temperature is low and the coefficient of linear expansion is large.
- the substrate film 121 of the comparative example has a high glass transition temperature but a large linear expansion coefficient, which is not preferable.
- the films 119 and 120 of the comparative examples have a high glass transition temperature but a large linear expansion coefficient, which is not preferable.
- the stretched substrate film 101 of the present invention was a preferable film having a low coefficient of linear expansion while maintaining a high glass transition temperature.
- the substrate films 110 and 111 having a large stretching ratio had a smaller linear expansion coefficient, and were preferred substrate films.
- substrate films 110 and 111 in which silica was hybridized to DAC the linear expansion rate was not different from that in the case where silica was not hybridized, but Tg was greatly improved, and thus the substrate films were preferable.
- the hybrid films 112 and 113 formed of cellulose ester having a silane coupling site a substrate film having a high Tg, a low level, and a linear expansion coefficient could be obtained.
- films 114 and 115 obtained by crosslinking DAC with a crosslinking agent preferable substrate films having high T g and a low coefficient of linear expansion could be obtained.
- substrate films 116 to 118 having a semi-IPN structure of DAC and a crosslinked acrylate polymer favorable substrate films having a high Tg and a low coefficient of linear expansion could be obtained.
- transparent conductive films 201 to 123 each having a thin film formed on a clear hard coat layer (both sides), a moisture-proof film (both sides), and a transparent conductive film (one side) in this order. 223 were produced.
- ⁇ Preparation of clear hard coat layer> The following coating composition for a hard coat layer was coated on the substrate film 101 by an extrusion coater so as to have a thickness of 3 am, then dried for 1 minute in a drying unit set at 80 ° C, and then dried at 120 mW / cm. The film was formed by irradiating ultraviolet light at 2 .
- Dipentaerythritol hexaatalylate monomer 60 parts by mass Dipentaerythritol hexaatalylate dimer 20 parts by mass Dipentaerythritol hexaatalylate trimer or higher component 20 parts by mass Dimethoxybenzophenone 4 parts by mass Ethyl acetate 50 parts by mass Part Methinole ethyl ketone 50 parts by weight Isopropyl alcohol 50 parts by weight
- a parallel plate type electrode was used, the substrate film was placed between the electrodes, and a mixed gas was introduced to form a thin film.
- a 20 OmmX 20 OmmX 2 mm stainless steel plate is coated with a high-density, high-adhesion alumina sprayed film, then a solution of tetramethoxysilane diluted with ethyl acetate is applied and dried, then cured by UV irradiation and sealed.
- the surface of the dielectric material coated in this manner was polished, smoothed, and processed to have an Rma X of 5 m.
- An electrode was prepared in this way and grounded (grounded).
- As the applied electrodes a plurality of hollow square pure titanium pipes coated with the same dielectric material as described above under the same conditions were produced to form an opposing electrode group.
- the power source used for plasma generation was a high frequency power source J RF-10000 manufactured by JEOL Ltd., and a voltage of 13.56 MHz and a power of 5 WZ cm 2 was supplied. A mixed gas having the following composition was flowed between the electrodes.
- Inert gas argon 99.3 volume 0 /.
- Reactive gas 1 hydrogen 0.5% by volume
- Reactive gas 2 tetraethoxysilane 0.3 volume 0/0 clear hard coat layer of the substrate film 101 to 123 provided Kuriaha Dokoto layer, the reactive gas, Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment was performed under the reaction conditions, and silicon oxide films having a thickness of 180 nm were formed as moisture-proof films.
- the mixture gas was changed to the following composition under the same atmospheric pressure plasma conditions as in the formation of the moisture-proof film, and a transparent conductive film was produced.
- ITO film tin-doped indium oxide film
- the transparent conductive films thus obtained were evaluated for 201 to 223 as follows.
- the moisture permeability was measured under the conditions described in JIS-Z-0208 (40 ° C, 90% RH). In addition, the measurement was performed after a series of 10 cooling cycles of heating at 180 ° C for 1 hour and then cooling at room temperature for 1 hour.
- Table 2 shows the results of evaluating the specific resistance, transmittance, and moisture permeability of the transparent conductive films 201 to 223.
- the substrate film of the present invention has a small coefficient of linear expansion, even after a cooling / heating cycle, the deterioration of moisture permeability is small, and a good transparent conductive film is provided.
- the transparent Since the conductive film 2 19 to 2 21 has a large coefficient of linear expansion of the substrate film 1 19 to 121, which is a base material, a low moisture and moisture permeability can be achieved by forming a moisture-proof layer. After the cooling / heating cycle, the moisture-proof layer cracks due to expansion and contraction of the support, and the moisture permeability deteriorates, which is not preferable. Further, the transparent conductive films 222 and 223 are not preferable because they are deformed during the cooling and heating cycle due to the low heat resistance of the substrate films 122 and 123.
- a transparent conductive film having high transmittance, low transmittance, and specific resistance could be provided on the substrate film of the present invention (the substrate film of the comparative example).
- FIG. A TN liquid crystal display device as shown in the following was produced by the following method.
- the above transparent conductive film is used as a transparent conductive substrate 401, on which a resin layer (omitted) for smoothing is coated, and a transparent conductive film is formed thereon directly or through a silicon dioxide film or the like.
- a display electrode 402 by patterning into a stripe shape or the like, and fabricating a counter substrate using the same transparent conductive substrate, that is, forming a display electrode also on the counter substrate side, Further, an alignment film 403 and a sealing material (not shown) are formed by a printing method or the like, and after applying a spacer, both substrates are pressed against each other to form an empty cell.
- liquid crystal 404 is injected into the empty cell by a vacuum injection method, and a terminal portion is taken out so that a drive voltage is applied to the opposing display electrode, and a power retarder, a polarizing plate, a touch panel, A liquid crystal display element was formed by combining light sources.
- the transparent conductive films 201 to 205 and 207 to 218 of the present invention are a transparent conductive film of a comparative example. In 2006, 219 to 223, image distortion and color tone shift were observed.
- a simple matrix driven organic EL device was fabricated by the following method.
- the transparent conductive film was used as the transparent conductive substrate 501, and a transparent conductive film (positive electrode) 502 was patterned thereon. After that, ultrasonic cleaning was performed using a medium-grade detergent, acetone, and ethanol, and then pulled out from boiling ethanol in the next step and dried. Next! /, In after UVZ0 3 washed transparent conductive film surface, New vacuum deposition apparatus, New Jifue two Lou m- tolyl one 4, 4 '- Jiamin one 1, 1' Bifueniru (TP D) a deposition rate 0. Vapor deposition was performed at a rate of 2 nxa / sec to a thickness of 55 nm to form a hole injection / transport layer 503.
- a lq 3 tris (8-quinolinolato) was evaporated to a 5 0 nm aluminum at a deposition rate of 0. 2 nm / sec thick, forming an electron injecting and transporting 'luminescent layer 5 04.
- a negative electrode 505 was formed to a thickness of 200 nm by a DC sputtering method using a sputtering apparatus with an A 1 ⁇ Sm alloy (Sm: 10 at%) as a target.
- Ar was used as the sputter gas at this time, the gas pressure was 3.5 Pa, and the distance between the target and the substrate (T s) was 9.0 cm.
- the input power was set to 1.2WZc ni 2 .
- This organic EL light-emitting element has two parallel stripe-shaped negative electrodes and eight parallel stripe-shaped electrodes, which are orthogonal to each other. These elements (pixels) are arranged at an interval of 2 mm from each other, forming an element of 82 16 pixels.
- the transparent conductive films 201 to 205 and 207 to 218 of the examples exhibited a luminance of 350 cdZm 2 or more.
- the emission intensity was 50 cd / m 2 or less, and the light emission intensity required for an organic EL device could not be obtained.
- a touch panel as shown in FIG. The yarn was made by the following method.
- the lower electrode 606 in FIG. 6 is made of glass ITO (sputtered film product) for a touch panel, and the transparent conductive film 601 to 205 of the present invention is used as the transparent conductive substrate 601 of the upper electrode 605. 207 to 218, and the transparent conductive films 206 and 219 to 223 of Comparative Examples were used. Then, the touch panel was assembled by making the transparent conductive film surfaces 603 and 604 of the transparent conductive substrate face each other, and using a thermosetting dot spacer 607 to form a panel with an interval of 7 / m.
- Reference numeral 602 denotes a glass substrate for a touch panel.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION is transparent for display substrates, such as for liquid crystal displays, organic EL displays, or touch panels which have a low birefringence, a positive wavelength dispersion characteristic, a high glass transition temperature, and a low coefficient of linear expansion.
- Film could be provided. Further, by providing a moisture-proof film on the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention, the moisture permeability of the film could be reduced to a level that would not adversely affect electronic devices and the like using the substrate film.
- a transparent conductive film having high transparency and low specific resistance could be provided on the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention provided with the moisture-proof film.
- the moisture-proof film and the transparent conductive film provided on the transparent film for a display substrate of the present invention by the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, it becomes possible to manufacture the transparent conductive film with high quality and productivity.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/558,363 US7820255B2 (en) | 2003-05-29 | 2004-05-12 | Transparent film for display substrate, display substrate using the film and method of manufacturing the same, liquid crystal display, organic electroluminescence display, and touch panel |
JP2005506462A JP4784308B2 (ja) | 2003-05-29 | 2004-05-12 | ディスプレイ基板用透明フィルム、該フィルムを用いたディスプレイ基板およびその製造方法、液晶ディスプレイ、有機エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイ、およびタッチパネル |
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JP2003152403 | 2003-05-29 | ||
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US8062707B2 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2011-11-22 | Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. | Gas barrier film, gas barrier film manufacturing method, resin substrate for organic electroluminescent device using the aforesaid gas barrier film, and organic electroluminescent device using the aforementioned gas barrier film |
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WO2017061548A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-13 | 株式会社カネカ | ポリマー材料、フィルム、円偏光板、画像表示装置及びフィルムの製造方法 |
CN108137712A (zh) * | 2015-10-06 | 2018-06-08 | 株式会社钟化 | 聚合物材料、膜、圆偏光片、图像显示装置以及膜的制造方法 |
US10851180B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2020-12-01 | Kaneka Corporation | Polymer material, film, circular polarizing plate, image display apparatus, and manufacturing method for film |
JP2018024136A (ja) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-02-15 | 株式会社カネカ | 透明導電性積層体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2004107297A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
US7820255B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 |
US20070009674A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
JP4784308B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 |
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