WO2004102659A3 - Composite material, electrical circuit or electric module - Google Patents
Composite material, electrical circuit or electric module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004102659A3 WO2004102659A3 PCT/DE2004/000824 DE2004000824W WO2004102659A3 WO 2004102659 A3 WO2004102659 A3 WO 2004102659A3 DE 2004000824 W DE2004000824 W DE 2004000824W WO 2004102659 A3 WO2004102659 A3 WO 2004102659A3
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- electrical circuit
- electric module
- novel
- axes
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
- H01L23/49866—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers characterised by the materials
- H01L23/49877—Carbon, e.g. fullerenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
- H01L23/3735—Laminates or multilayers, e.g. direct bond copper ceramic substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2204/00—End product comprising different layers, coatings or parts of cermet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/05—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process of an individual bonding area
- H01L2224/0554—External layer
- H01L2224/05599—Material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
- H01L2224/45099—Material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/4805—Shape
- H01L2224/4809—Loop shape
- H01L2224/48091—Arched
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/481—Disposition
- H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
- H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
- H01L2224/48225—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
- H01L2224/48227—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L2224/85—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a wire connector
- H01L2224/8538—Bonding interfaces outside the semiconductor or solid-state body
- H01L2224/85399—Material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/00014—Technical content checked by a classifier the subject-matter covered by the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group, being disclosed without further technical details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01019—Potassium [K]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/0102—Calcium [Ca]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01079—Gold [Au]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/013—Alloys
- H01L2924/0132—Binary Alloys
- H01L2924/01322—Eutectic Alloys, i.e. obtained by a liquid transforming into two solid phases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/095—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00 with a principal constituent of the material being a combination of two or more materials provided in the groups H01L2924/013 - H01L2924/0715
- H01L2924/097—Glass-ceramics, e.g. devitrified glass
- H01L2924/09701—Low temperature co-fired ceramic [LTCC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/30—Technical effects
- H01L2924/301—Electrical effects
- H01L2924/3025—Electromagnetic shielding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0306—Inorganic insulating substrates, e.g. ceramic, glass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/0058—Laminating printed circuit boards onto other substrates, e.g. metallic substrates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/38—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006529582A JP2007500450A (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-04-20 | Composite materials and electrical circuits or modules |
EP04728319A EP1620892A2 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-04-20 | Composite material, electrical circuit or electric module |
US10/554,496 US20060263584A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-04-20 | Composite material, electrical circuit or electric module |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10320838.0 | 2003-05-08 | ||
DE2003120838 DE10320838B4 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2003-05-08 | Fiber-reinforced metal-ceramic / glass composite material as a substrate for electrical applications, method for producing such a composite material and use of this composite material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004102659A2 WO2004102659A2 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
WO2004102659A3 true WO2004102659A3 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
Family
ID=33394381
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2004/000824 WO2004102659A2 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-04-20 | Composite material, electrical circuit or electric module |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060263584A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1620892A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007500450A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100454525C (en) |
DE (1) | DE10320838B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004102659A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2312878T3 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2009-03-01 | Soemtron Ag | COOLING DEVICE. |
JP2006152338A (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-06-15 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Diamond-coated electrode and production method therefor |
US7651766B2 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2010-01-26 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Carbon nanotube reinforced metal composites |
US8231703B1 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2012-07-31 | Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, Llc | Nanostructured composite reinforced material |
US7886813B2 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2011-02-15 | Intel Corporation | Thermal interface material with carbon nanotubes and particles |
DE102006037185A1 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-03-29 | Electrovac Ag | Treating nano-synthetic material, preferably in production of composite material comprising nano-fiber material and matrix, comprises adjusting physical and/or chemical properties of composite material |
DE102005046404B4 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2008-12-24 | Infineon Technologies Ag | A method for reducing variations in the deflection of rolled bottom plates and power semiconductor module with a bottom plate produced by this method |
TW200726344A (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-01 | Epistar Corp | Hybrid composite material substrate |
US7592688B2 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2009-09-22 | International Rectifier Corporation | Semiconductor package |
DE102007001743A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-03 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Semiconductor laser has laser active semiconductor sequence layer with principal surface that is arranged on heat conducting layer |
AU2007307054B2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2011-01-27 | Microsemi Corporation | High temperature, high voltage SiC void-less electronic package |
DE102007031490B4 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2017-11-16 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Method for producing a semiconductor module |
AT505491B1 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2010-06-15 | Electrovac Ag | COMPOSITE |
DE102007051613A1 (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2009-04-30 | Siemens Ag | Switching and protection device e.g. gate, for e.g. switching electric current, has current flow paths, where carbon nanotube material is aligned such that conductivity is higher in current flow direction than transverse to flow direction |
DE102008044641A1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2009-10-29 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optoelectronic component |
DE202009008337U1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2009-08-27 | Picolas Gmbh | Device for controlling a laser diode array |
JP2012253125A (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-20 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Semiconductor device and wiring board |
DE102012102611B4 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2017-07-27 | Rogers Germany Gmbh | Metal-ceramic substrate and method for producing a metal-ceramic substrate |
JP2014047127A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-17 | Toyo Tanso Kk | Metal-carbon composite material, manufacturing method of metal-carbon composite material, and sliding member |
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US3744120A (en) * | 1972-04-20 | 1973-07-10 | Gen Electric | Direct bonding of metals with a metal-gas eutectic |
US4083719A (en) * | 1975-10-29 | 1978-04-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Copper-carbon fiber composites and process for preparation thereof |
JPH01148542A (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-06-09 | Ok Trading Kk | Fiber-reinforced metallized ceramic |
WO1990007023A1 (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-28 | Hyperion Catalysis International | Carbon fibrils and a catalytic vapor growth method for producing carbon fibrils |
US5424054A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-06-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Carbon fibers and method for their production |
US5495979A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1996-03-05 | Surmet Corporation | Metal-bonded, carbon fiber-reinforced composites |
US5578543A (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1996-11-26 | Hyperion Catalysis Int'l, Inc. | Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and adhesive compositions containing same |
US5660923A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1997-08-26 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Method for the preparation of metal matrix fiber composites |
US5707715A (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1998-01-13 | L. Pierre deRochemont | Metal ceramic composites with improved interfacial properties and methods to make such composites |
US5814408A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1998-09-29 | Applied Sciences, Inc. | Aluminum matrix composite and method for making same |
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US6469381B1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-10-22 | Intel Corporation | Carbon-carbon and/or metal-carbon fiber composite heat spreader |
EP1265281A2 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-11 | Polymatech Co., Ltd. | Thermally conductive molded article and method of making the same |
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-
2003
- 2003-05-08 DE DE2003120838 patent/DE10320838B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-20 US US10/554,496 patent/US20060263584A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-20 WO PCT/DE2004/000824 patent/WO2004102659A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-04-20 EP EP04728319A patent/EP1620892A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-20 CN CNB2004800124333A patent/CN100454525C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-20 JP JP2006529582A patent/JP2007500450A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3744120A (en) * | 1972-04-20 | 1973-07-10 | Gen Electric | Direct bonding of metals with a metal-gas eutectic |
US4083719A (en) * | 1975-10-29 | 1978-04-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Copper-carbon fiber composites and process for preparation thereof |
US5578543A (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1996-11-26 | Hyperion Catalysis Int'l, Inc. | Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and adhesive compositions containing same |
JPH01148542A (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-06-09 | Ok Trading Kk | Fiber-reinforced metallized ceramic |
WO1990007023A1 (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-28 | Hyperion Catalysis International | Carbon fibrils and a catalytic vapor growth method for producing carbon fibrils |
US5424054A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-06-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Carbon fibers and method for their production |
US5495979A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1996-03-05 | Surmet Corporation | Metal-bonded, carbon fiber-reinforced composites |
US5660923A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1997-08-26 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Method for the preparation of metal matrix fiber composites |
US5814408A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1998-09-29 | Applied Sciences, Inc. | Aluminum matrix composite and method for making same |
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JP2007500450A (en) | 2007-01-11 |
US20060263584A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
DE10320838B4 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
WO2004102659A2 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
DE10320838A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
CN100454525C (en) | 2009-01-21 |
CN1784784A (en) | 2006-06-07 |
EP1620892A2 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
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