WO2004093910A1 - PPARδアゴニストによる脳神経変性疾患治療剤 - Google Patents
PPARδアゴニストによる脳神経変性疾患治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004093910A1 WO2004093910A1 PCT/JP2004/005429 JP2004005429W WO2004093910A1 WO 2004093910 A1 WO2004093910 A1 WO 2004093910A1 JP 2004005429 W JP2004005429 W JP 2004005429W WO 2004093910 A1 WO2004093910 A1 WO 2004093910A1
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/426—1,3-Thiazoles
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
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- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a compound having an agonist effect on PPAR ⁇ as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases of the brain.
- the present invention also relates to a method for treating a cerebral neurodegenerative disease by administering a drug containing the compound as an active ingredient.
- the blood vessels in the brain become blocked and blood stops flowing (cerebral infarction), and the blood vessels in the brain split and bleed (cerebral hemorrhage), resulting in damage to the brain tissue. Without sufficient blood flow to keep the nerve cells alive, the brain can quickly become necrotic.
- These neuronal deaths associated with ischemia begin with the necrosis of the neurons in the core area of the infarct, which is directly exposed to the ischemic state, and gradually spread to the peripheral area (penumbra), affecting many neurons. To enlarge. Of these, necrosis of the core region occurs irreversibly in a very short period of time and is considered to be virtually impossible to treat today.
- Parkinson's disease is characterized by nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons (Lica), a nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and tremor and muscle stiffness caused by subsequent changes over a long period of time. It is a central illness that causes symptoms such as inability to exercise, etc. Although the frequency of occurrence is very high per population, the detailed causes leading to onset are still unknown. Not disclosed. It has been speculated that genetic factors, endogenous and exogenous toxins, oxidative stress, etc. may subtly affect the condition.
- PPARs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
- darcocorticoids By the way, darcocorticoids, estrogens, It is a member of the transcription factor and nuclear receptor superfamily, which is a ligand for progesterone, thyroid hormone, and fat-soluble vitamins. Numerous studies have shown that PPARs play a crucial role in regulating the expression of many genes and are known to be involved in many diseases. The association is also noted.
- human PPAR has at least three subtypes, ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ .
- Each subtype of PPAR forms a heterodimer with RXR that uses 9-cis retinoic acid as a ligand, and a PPAR responsible element (PPAR responsible element PPRE: 5'-AGGTCA-X-AGGTGA-3 ') )
- PPAR responsible element PPRE 5'-AGGTCA-X-AGGTGA-3 '
- co-repressor dissociation and association with a co-activator occur to exert transcriptional activation ability.
- PPAR is highly expressed in tissues with high utilization of fatty acids such as liver, kidney, heart, and digestive tract, and plays a role in regulating fatty acid metabolism, particularly fatty acid oxidation.
- Studies on PPAR Q knockout mice have also suggested that PPARs are closely involved in the development of insulin resistance under a high-fat diet.
- PPARy is known to play an important role in adipocyte differentiation.
- fibroblasts express PPAR r and are treated with thiazolidinedione (TZD), a strong synthetic ligand of PPARy, to differentiate into adipocytes.
- thiazolidine derivatives are insulin sensitizers for type 2 diabetes with obesity.
- PPAR ⁇ When exposed to relatively high concentrations of ligands, such as thiazolidine derivative administration, PPAR ⁇ induces adipocyte differentiation, increases small adipocytes and apoptosis of hypertrophic adipocytes, and acts to increase insulin sensitivity.
- ligands such as thiazolidine derivative administration
- PPAR ⁇ When exposed to relatively high concentrations of ligands, such as thiazolidine derivative administration, PPAR ⁇ induces adipocyte differentiation, increases small adipocytes and apoptosis of hypertrophic adipocytes, and acts to increase insulin sensitivity.
- relatively low concentrations of ligand such as high-fat diet (HF)
- HF high-fat diet
- PPAR S is expressed in a wide range of tissues such as brain, liver, kidney, ligament, fat, skeletal muscle, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and placenta, and functions in adipocyte differentiation, brain function, epidermal differentiation, etc.
- tissues such as brain, liver, kidney, ligament, fat, skeletal muscle, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and placenta, and functions in adipocyte differentiation, brain function, epidermal differentiation, etc.
- PPARS knockout mice are lethal to the embryo, and even when they are born, their growth is poor throughout the fetal period and postpartum compared to the wild type. Abnormalities are also found in myelin formation in the corpus callosum, where the brain becomes smaller in proportion to body size. Epidermal hyperplasia is also significantly enhanced in knockout mice.
- PPAR S is closely involved in development, lipid metabolism, brain myelination, and epidermal cell proliferation.
- PPAR ⁇ selective agonists can activate the reverse cholesterol transfer system, improve the lipoprotein composition ratio, and reduce triglycerides.
- PPAR (5 is a subtype that is abundantly expressed in the brain, but its physiological role in the brain has not yet been elucidated. The role of each of these PPAR subtypes and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases However, it has not yet been fully elucidated.However, in PPAR r, which has been relatively well analyzed, compounds showing agonist activity on PPAR have been identified in animal models of cerebral infarction and Parkinson's disease.
- T. Breidert et al. Have reported that pioglitazone, a kind of PPAR T agonist, protects against neurodegeneration in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (T. Breidert, J. Callebert, MT Heneka, G. Landreth, JM Launay and EC Hirsch. Journal of Neurochemistry 82 (2002) p615-624. Protective action of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease). This may be due to the anti-inflammatory effect of PPAR ragonist.
- WO0249626A2 discloses a method for treating PPAR r agonist for neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral infarction and Parkinson's disease.
- WO0213812A1 also discloses a method for treating neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and the like by PPAR ragonists.
- neurodegenerative diseases cerebral infarction, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. are specified, and it is disclosed that PPARr / PPAR ⁇ dual agonist has the same therapeutic effect.
- PPAR ⁇ agonist alone.
- This expresses the effect of PPAR r agonist with low subtype selectivity as the effect of PPAR y / PPAR ⁇ dual agonist, and the action by PPAR ⁇ agonist is distinguished from the action by PPAR r agonist. It is not clearly confirmed.
- Thiazolidinediones compounds such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, which are typical PPAR agonists, have been suggested to have some serious side effects.
- the side effects of water retention have been found through clinical trials of these drugs as type 2 diabetes treatment drugs and various animal experiments (Sood V, Colleran K, Burge MR. Diabetes Technol Ther 2 (2000 p429-440.Thiazolidinediones: a comparative review of approved uses.) o Increased water retention often leads to cerebral edema, which may have adverse effects on cerebral infarction. Therefore, developing these PPAR r agonists as therapeutic agents for cerebral infarction is expected to involve substantial difficulties.
- PPAR ragonist is limited only to the treatment of the inflammatory phase of neurodegenerative diseases with inflammation.
- PPAR agonists often cause side effects such as severe water retention, and it is thought that cerebral edema may be exacerbated when treating the cerebral nervous system. This makes clinical application difficult. Therefore, from compounds with PPAR agonist action, select compounds that can directly suppress neuronal cell death, are effective in treating a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases, and have no adverse effects such as water retention. There is a strong need to provide an excellent method to enable the application of the technology. An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem.
- the present study by the present inventors has revealed for the first time that an agonist specific to PPAR ⁇ is effective alone for neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral infarction and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, it was revealed that PPAR S agonists act directly on neuronal cells to suppress cell death. These results suggest that PPAR S agonist is more effective than PPAR r agonist in treating a wider range of neurodegenerative diseases.
- the present inventors have devised a cultured cell line derived from the nervous system and studied the relationship between the effects of various neurotoxins and neuronal cell death, and found that PPAR ⁇ agonist was derived from thapsigargin, MPP +, staurosporine, etc. We have found for the first time the fact that nerve cell death is significantly suppressed.
- the present invention relates to the administration of a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disease containing PPAR S agonist as an active ingredient, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, muscular atrophy
- the present invention relates to a method for treating lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, diabetic or drug-induced peripheral neuropathy or retinal neuropathy.
- the present invention relates to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis containing PPAR Sago, a second strike as an active ingredient.
- a second strike as an active ingredient.
- neuropathy Huntington's disease, diabetic or drug-induced peripheral neuropathy or retinal neuropathy. That is, the present invention relates to the following inventions.
- ⁇ 1 Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, diabetic containing PPAR ⁇ 5 agonist as an active ingredient Alternatively, a therapeutic agent for drug-induced peripheral neuropathy or retinal neuropathy.
- ⁇ 2 Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington due to administration of a drug containing PPAR S agonist as an active ingredient For treating disease, diabetic or drug-induced peripheral neuropathy or retinal neuropathy.
- ⁇ 3 A therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction containing PPAR S agonist as an active ingredient.
- ⁇ 4 A therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease containing PPAR ⁇ agonist as an active ingredient.
- ⁇ 5 A method for treating cerebral infarction by administering a drug containing PPAR S agonist as an active ingredient.
- ⁇ 6 A method for treating Parkinson's disease by administering a drug containing PPAR S agonist as an active ingredient.
- a drug containing PPAR S agonist as an active ingredient.
- PPAR S agonist is a PPAR S agonist specifically reselected using cell death inhibitory activity as an index.
- ⁇ 8> The method according to ⁇ 2>, ⁇ 5>, or ⁇ 6>, wherein the PPAR S agonist is a PPAR S agonist specifically reselected using the cell death inhibitory activity as an index.
- ⁇ 9 The therapeutic agent according to ⁇ 1 >>, ⁇ 3 >>, ⁇ 4 >>, which is PPAR S agonist force L-165041 or GW501516.
- ⁇ 10 PPAR (The therapeutic method according to ⁇ 2 >>, ⁇ 5 >>, ⁇ 6 >>, wherein the 5 agonist is m-165041 or GW501516.
- ⁇ 11 Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, head injury, cerebral hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, diabetic or drug-induced peripheral neuropathy Or use of PPAR delta agonist for the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for retinal neuropathy.
- ⁇ 12 Use of PPAR S agonist for production of therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction.
- ⁇ 13 Use of PPAR S agonist for the manufacture of Parkinson's disease therapeutic agent.
- ⁇ 14 >> The use according to ⁇ 11 >>- ⁇ 13>, wherein the PPAR ⁇ 5 agonist is a PPAR S agonist specifically reselected using cell death inhibitory activity as an index.
- ⁇ 15> Use according to ⁇ 11>- ⁇ 13> in which the PPAR S agonist is L-165041 or GW501516.
- ⁇ 17> The central nervous cell death inhibitor according to ⁇ 16>, which is PPAR S agonist force, L-165041 or GW501516.
- PPAR S agonist force L-165041 or GW501516.
- the present invention relates to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hansomosis containing PPAR ⁇ agonist as an active ingredient.
- the present invention relates to a therapeutic agent and a method for treating Tinton's disease, diabetic or drug-induced peripheral neuropathy or retinal neuropathy.
- the “PPAR ⁇ agonist” of the above invention also called a PPAR ⁇ agonist or a PPAR ⁇ agonist, specifically binds to a nuclear receptor PPAR ⁇ 5 protein to cause its structural change, It refers to a low molecular weight compound that promotes the binding of the RXR complex to a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) and promotes the expression of various genes having a PPRE sequence in one region of the promoter, thereby exhibiting various physiological actions.
- PPRE peroxisome proliferator response element
- Known compounds exhibiting typical "PPAR Sagonist" activity include, for example, L-165041 and GW501516.
- L-10d041 (4- [3- [2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl] phenoxyJpropyloxyphenoxy acetic acid) has binding activity to both PPAR ⁇ and PPAR ⁇ , but has an affinity for PPAR ⁇ (Ki 730 nM) was reported to be much weaker than the affinity for PPAR (5 (Ki 6 nM)) (Mark D. Leibowitz et al. Activation of PPAR ⁇ alters lipid metabolism in db / db mice. FEBS Letters 473 (2000) 333-336.).
- the inventors of the present invention have determined that the selectivity of L-165041 and GW501516 for human and mouse-derived PPAR subtypes is based on the GAL4-responsive reporter that activates the transcriptional activation by the fusion protein of GAL4-PPAR subtypes. Evaluation by gene confirmed that both compounds had particularly high selectivity for human and mouse PPAR ⁇ . At that time, it was also confirmed that GW501516 exhibited higher selectivity and expression inducing activity than L-165041 (see Reference Example 1 and Table 7).
- the “method for selecting a PPAR S agonist” includes, for example, the following methods, but these are merely examples, and the present invention is not particularly limited to these methods. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily devise and implement methods that further optimize details based on these methods.
- PPAR agonists involves recreating the in vivo transcription system by using a reporter-Assy system that uses the PPAR ⁇ recognition response sequence PPRE and full-length PPAR ⁇ , as shown in the following literature. It is also possible.
- PPAR ⁇ is an APC-regulated target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cell 99 (1999) 353-345.
- a transcription control region was constructed by linking a PPAR response element (PPRE: 5'-AGGTCA-X-AGGTGA-3 ') to the promoter region and constitutively expressing the promoter with a known sequence. Then, a DNA construct in which a reporter gene is artificially linked is linked downstream of the transcription control region.
- an expression vector in which the PPAR gene is linked to a known gene promoter will be constructed.
- the DNA construct is introduced into a suitable cultured cell (for example, GV-1 cell), and a compound that significantly increases the expression level of the reporter gene when various compounds are added is selected.
- suitable cultured cell for example, GV-1 cell
- a compound that significantly increases the expression level of the reporter gene when various compounds are added is selected.
- known gene promoters include, but are not limited to, the promoter of the SV40 virus early gene and the IE gene of CMV.
- Such a DNA construct which suffices to use a transcription control region having ordinary expression activity, can be easily constructed by those skilled in the art having ordinary experimental techniques.
- an artificial DNA construct in which a plurality of these essential sequences are tandemly duplicated is created by the usual methods of recombinant DNA experiments. It is possible to manufacture. By using such an artificial construct in place of a natural sequence, the transcription-inducing activity of the transcription control region can sometimes be enhanced.
- PPARS has been shown to form a heterodimer with RXR and to exert transcriptional activity by interacting with the coactivator of PPARS. Therefore, a compound having PPAR S agonist activity can be brought closer to the state in a living body by linking a gene encoding these proteins or a protein functionally equivalent to each protein to an expression vector and introducing into a cell. In this state, the action of driving the PPARS transcription system can be evaluated.
- Each gene may be introduced into the same vector, or may be separate vectors.
- RXR gene for example, a human RXR Qf gene (GenBank Accession No. NM_002957) can be used.
- a coactivator for example, a human CBP gene (GenBank Accession No. U47741) / human SRG-1 gene (GenBank Accession No. U40396) can be used.
- Methods for introducing DNA constructs containing the PPAR reporter gene and the PPAR S gene into animal cells include the usual calcium phosphate method, the “ribosome method”, the ribofectin method, the electo-mouth method, and the poration method (electroporation method, electroporation method). There is no particular limitation as long as the transformation method by any one is used. More preferably, the election port polish method may be used.
- test substance derived from PPAR ⁇ 5 agonist was added to cells together with a certain neurotoxic substance. After culturing, the number of living cells is compared with that of cells to which only the neurotoxic substance is added. The effect of the test substance significantly suppresses neuronal cell death caused by a compound that causes certain neurotoxicity to cells derived from the nervous system, and alleviates the lethal effect of the compound. Select the test substance that enhances the survival rate.
- thapsigargin is used as a substance causing neurotoxicity, and ordinary experimental techniques are used.
- a person skilled in the art can easily simulate an Atsuy system using cultured cells for selecting a compound that is more optimized as an active ingredient of a therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction or the like.
- thapsigargin is known as a potent inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sarcoplasmic reticulum, SR) and the ER calcium pump. Calcium is widely used to control cellular responses, and calcium pumps play a very important role in maintaining cell homeostasis.
- the concentration of thapsigargin used in the present Atsushi system may range from 1 nM to 1 M, more preferably about 100 nM.
- the thapsigargin may be added before, simultaneously with, or after the test compound. More preferably, 2 hours after the test compound is added.
- the neuroprotective activity of the test compound in the present Atsushi system can be determined after culturing once in the presence of thapsigargin and the test compound by, for example, any of the following methods. In any case, those skilled in the art having ordinary laboratory techniques can easily carry out using any of the commercially available kit products.
- test compound if a certain test compound is added to cells together with thapsigargin and cultured, compared to the case where only thapsigargin is added, if the cell survival rate is significantly increased, the test compound Is likely to be an active ingredient of a drug effective for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral infarction.
- Cultured cells used in the Atsushi system are preferably those that retain the properties of human neurons, but cell lines derived from human neurocytomas, more preferably SH-SY5Y cells, can be used. By using these cells, we can resemble the cell death mechanism of neurons in vitro. It is thought that the cell death Atssei system of this has been established. In fact, both compounds L-165041 and GW501516, which have cytostatic effects in this Atsushi system, also show significant cell death inhibitory effects in an in vivo cerebral infarction model, and a very good correlation was confirmed in ⁇ vitm Have been.
- MPP + (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) is used as a substance causing neurotoxicity.
- MPP + (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) is used as a substance causing neurotoxicity.
- This makes it possible to simulate a cell line using cultured cells for selecting a compound that is more optimized as an active ingredient of a therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease.
- One type of neurotoxin 1-methy-l 4-pheny l 1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is known to cause Parkinsonism in humans and other primates, Attention has been paid to its association with the onset mechanism.
- MPP + (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) by monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) in astrocytes after being taken into the brain.
- MPP + is taken into dopamine neurons by dopamine transporters present in the cell membrane of dopaminergic neurons, and MPP + taken up by dopamine neurons strongly promotes complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport system. It is said that its inhibition causes cytotoxicity and causes symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease syndrome. For this reason, endogenous or exogenous MPTP analogs are currently suspected to be the causative agent of Parkinson's disease, and are now selectively used in dominant dopaminergic neurons in various ways. Vigorous research has been conducted to determine whether or not substances in foods, etc., that interfere with MPP + are present, and drugs that reduce MPP + neurotoxicity are expected to have therapeutic potential for Parkinson's disease. You.
- the concentration of MPP + used in the Atsushi system may be from 100 nM or more to 10 mM or less, more preferably about 3 mM.
- MPP + can be added before, at the same time as, or after the test compound is added. More preferably, 2 hours after the addition of the test compound.
- the neuroprotective activity of the test compound in this Atsushi system can be determined after overnight culture in the presence of MPP + and the test compound, for example, by any of the following methods. Both are commercially available to those skilled in the art having ordinary laboratory techniques. Can be easily carried out using any of the kit products.
- the cultured cells used in this Atsushi system should have the properties of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of human midbrain, but a significant part of the pathway that causes cell death is Since it is expected that a common mechanism is used for all nervous system cells, a cell line derived from human neurocytoma, which is relatively easy to handle, is substituted.
- Any cell line can be used as long as it is a cell line derived from a human neurocytoma, but more preferably, SH-SY5Y cells can be used.
- SH-SY5Y cells can be used.
- an in vitro cell death system that is similar to a part of the mechanism of neuronal cell death associated with Parkinson's disease has been established.
- both compounds L-165041 and GW501516 which have cell death inhibitory effect in this Atsushi system, show a significant cell death inhibitory effect in animal models of in / k? Parkinson's disease. Good correlation has been confirmed.
- staumsporine can be used by various persons having ordinary skill in the art to easily treat various neurodegenerative diseases. It is possible to simulate an Atsuy system using cultured cells for selecting a compound that is more optimized as an active ingredient of the above. staurosponne (i N Streptomyces staurosporeus force, microbial Le force Roy Bok one of raw ⁇ , known as non-specific inhibitors that act on high catalytic region homologous among a number of different protein kinase.
- staurosponne i N Streptomyces staurosporeus force, microbial Le force Roy Bok one of raw ⁇ , known as non-specific inhibitors that act on high catalytic region homologous among a number of different protein kinase.
- neuronal cell death can be caused by broadly inhibiting protein kinases, which are important in intracellular signal transduction. Know that you can get Have been. For example, even in the ischemic state during the acute phase of cerebral infarction, the disruption of the cell communication pathway in neurons around the cerebral infarction is considered to contribute to the bowel of cell death. Such disruption of intracellular signal transduction is considered to be a mechanism common to many neurodegenerative diseases.
- the concentration of staurosporine used in this Atsushi system may range from 1 nM to 1 M, more preferably around 150 nM.
- the timing of the addition may be before, at the same time as, or after the timing of the addition of the test compound. More preferably, 2 hours after the addition of the test compound.
- the neuroprotective activity of the test compound in this Atsushi system can be determined by culturing overnight in the presence of staurosporine and the test compound, for example, by any of the following methods. Any of those skilled in the art having ordinary laboratory techniques can easily carry out the method using any of commercially available kit products.
- the test compound when a test compound is added to cells together with staurosporine and cultured, compared to the case where only staurosporine is added, if the cell survival rate is significantly increased, the test compound Is presumed to be a possible active ingredient of a drug effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral infarction.
- the cultured cells used in the Atsushi system are preferably those that retain the properties of human neurons, but cell lines derived from human neurons, more preferably SH-SY5Y cells, can be used. . It is considered that the use of these cells has established an in vitro cell death system similar to the cell death mechanism of nerve cells.
- both compounds L-165041 and GW501516 which have cell death inhibitory effects in this Atsushi system, also show significant cell death inhibitory effects in an in vivo cerebral infarction model, showing a very good correlation between in vitro and ink? Have been.
- the term “PPAR (5 agonist) specifically reselected using the cell death inhibitory activity as an index” in the present invention refers to the above-mentioned PPAR S agonist selected by a known method such as the aforementioned reporter gene assay method.
- thapsigargin, MPP +, or staurosporine By using cultured cells supplemented with thapsigargin, MPP +, or staurosporine, only those that show more pronounced cell death inhibitory activity are selected again. Refers to the compound obtained by the selection.
- the strength of the cell death inhibitory activity is, for example, the case where the number of surviving cells measured by the MTT assay under the above-mentioned conditions after adding the compound at an optimum concentration in the range of 0.1-100 f! M is not added. In comparison with the above, it is desirable that the ratio be improved by at least 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2, more preferably 30% or more, and even more preferably 50% or more.
- the present invention relates to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, head injury, cerebral hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, diabetic or The present invention relates to a method and a therapeutic agent for treating drug-induced peripheral or retinal neuropathy.
- the compound obtained by selecting PPAR (5 agonist based on the above-mentioned evaluation method is useful for the treatment and prevention of the following diseases which are thought to be caused by degeneration of nerve cells.
- the PPAR S agonist in the present invention can be used as a drug itself, but it can also be used after being formulated by a known pharmaceutical method.
- This therapeutic agent can be provided in the form of oral, parenteral or topical preparations.However, select the optimal dosage form according to the administration route and administration target that are appropriate for the disease to be treated. Can be.
- Such pharmaceutical preparations include excipients (eg, sucrose, starch, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, glucose, cellulose, talc, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, etc.), binders (eg, Cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, polypropylpyrrolidone, gelatin, gum arabic, polyethylene glycol , Sucrose, starch, etc.), disintegrants (eg, starch, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl starch, sodium hydrogen carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium citrate, etc.), lubricants (eg, magnesium stearate, Air mouth sill, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, etc.), flavoring agents (eg, citrate, menthol, glycine, orange powder, etc.), preservatives (eg, sodium benzoate, sodium bisulfite J-dim, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, etc.) ), Stabil
- the pharmaceutical composition may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable salt in an amount sufficient to produce the desired pharmaceutical effect on the process or condition of the disease.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable salt in an amount sufficient to produce the desired pharmaceutical effect on the process or condition of the disease.
- Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts are conventional non-toxic salts, and specifically include alkali metal salts (eg, sodium or potassium salts) and alkaline earth metal salts (eg, calcium salts).
- Metal salts inorganic acid addition salts (eg, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, phosphate, etc.), organic carboxylic or sulfonic acid addition salts (eg, formate, acetic acid) Salt, trifluoroacetate, maleate, tartrate, fumarate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, etc.), basic or acidic amino acids (eg, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc.) And salts thereof.
- inorganic acid addition salts eg, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, phosphate, etc.
- organic carboxylic or sulfonic acid addition salts eg, formate, acetic acid
- trifluoroacetate maleate, tartrate, fumarate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, toluenesul
- Administration of the injection can be performed by a known method such as intraarterial injection, intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection and the like.
- the dose of the therapeutic agent of the present invention may be an amount sufficient to produce a desired therapeutic effect.
- a therapeutically effective amount of the compound at about 0.1 to 100 mg, preferably 1 to 16 mg per day.
- An effective single dose is selected in the range of 0.001 to 1 mg / kg, preferably 0.01 to 0.16 mg / kg of the patient's body weight.
- the above dosages may vary depending on the weight, age and medical condition of each patient to be treated, as well as It depends on the administration method used and the like. Those of ordinary skill in the art having ordinary experimental techniques can appropriately select a more appropriate dose based on data from animal experiments and the like.
- Example 1 Inhibition of cell death by PPAR agonist in thapsigargin-induced cell death model (neurodegenerative disease model) (1): ⁇ Method> Measurement of viable cell number by MTT assay
- Table 1 shows the relationship between the addition of various concentrations of L-165041 or GW501516 and the number of viable cells thus determined. This result indicates the inhibitory effect of PPAR S agonist on thapsigargin-induced cell death.
- SH-SY5Y cells on a 96-well plate (70,000 cells / well in 100 ⁇ ⁇ DME low glucose 10% fetal bovine serum)
- PPAR ⁇ agonists L-165041 and GW501516 suppress the activity of Caspase-3 / 7, which is activated when apo! ⁇ -Cis is induced. It was clarified that suppression exhibited an inhibitory effect on thapsigargin-induced cell death.
- Example 4 Inhibition of cell death by PPAR-'agonist in MPP + -induced cell death model (Parkinson's disease model) (1): ⁇ Method> Measurement of viable cell number by MTT assay
- This Atsushi system is a neuroblast! ⁇ Kima Adds MPP +, a metabolite of MPTP, to SH-SY5Y to inhibit mitochondrial complex I and induce cell death due to generation of active oxygen and inhibition of ATP synthesis
- the mouse MPTP model which is often used as a model for Parkinson's disease, shows that MPTP, which crosses the brain barrier, is metabolized to MPP +, resulting in specific nigral cell toxicity of the limus and causing neuronal loss. Have been. Therefore, this Atsushi system can be said to be an in / o Atsey that mimics the mouse MPTP model.
- This experiment demonstrated that L-165041 and GW501516 suppressed cell death induced by MPP + in a concentration-dependent manner. [Table 4]
- Example 6 Inhibition of cell death by PPAR-agonist in MPP + -induced cell death model (Parkinson's disease model) (3): Method> Detection of apoptosis by Caspase-3 / 7 assay SH-SY5Y in 96-well plate The cells were plated (70,000 cells / well in 100 ⁇ ⁇ DMEM low glucose 10% fetal bovine serum), cultured, and the medium was removed with an aspirator, and DMEM without Semm was added at 50 ⁇ l / well.
- Human PPAR o; cDNA, human PPAR S cDNA, human PPAR y cDNA, mouse PPAR cDNA, mouse PPAR S cDNA, and mouse PPAR r cDNA are introduced into the multicloning site of the expression vector pBIND (Promega).
- L-165041 and GW501516 were dissolved in polyethylene glycol (PEG300). Drugs in advance It was administered to male Wistar rats (9 weeks of age) using an aseptically filled ALZET osmotic minipump. On the day before the cerebral ischemia operation, a guide force neura was inserted into the right ventricle, ie, 0.8 mm posterior to the coronal suture of the skull, 1.5 mm to the right, and 4.0 mm deep, and the intraventricular continuous administration was performed at a flow rate of ⁇ ⁇ L ⁇ / hour. Started. The control group was similarly administered with the solvent. Administration was continued until sacrifice.
- PEG300 polyethylene glycol
- a middle cerebral artery occlusion reopening model was used by the Koizumi method. That is, under halothane anesthesia (introduction 4%, maintenance 1.5%), insert a 19mm long silicone-coated 4-0 nylon obturator from the bifurcation of the right common carotid artery toward the internal carotid artery. Closed. Ninety minutes after ischemia, re-establishment was performed by removing the nylon obturator under re-anesthesia. Twenty-four hours after the recanalization of the cerebral ischemia, the brain was removed and serial coronal slices 2 mm thick were prepared. The sections were stained with a 2% TTC (Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride) solution, and the brain injury area was measured to calculate the brain injury rate.
- TTC Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride
- Table 8 shows the measurement results of the thus-obtained brain injury area
- Table 9 shows the evaluation results of the cerebral infarction reducing effect.
- mice 9-week-old non-fasted C57BL / 6 male mice were anesthetized with pentobarbital (60 mg / kg, ip), fixed to a stereotaxic apparatus, and L-type force neurons were fixed to the skull (0.0mm to Bregma, 1.2mm Lateral to midline, 2.5 mm ventral from skull), and an ALZET osmotic pump was implanted under the skin on the back.
- PPAR- ⁇ agonis KL-165041, GW501516) is dissolved in 30% DSO / saline, sterilized by filtration, and aseptically filled in an osmotic pump, at a rate of 0.5 jU L / hr or per day.
- Table 10 shows the content of DA and its metabolite per striatal wet weight in the MPTP Parkinson model quantified in this way.
- Table 11 shows the recovery rate of DA and its metabolite content calculated from the results in Table 10.
- Table 1 shows the relationship between the addition of various concentrations of L-165041 or GW501516 and the number of viable cells thus determined. This result indicates that PPAR Sagonis KL-165041, GW50151 6) has a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on staurosporine-induced cell death.
- SH-SY5Y cells on a 96-well plate (70,000 cells / well in 100 ⁇ ⁇ DMEM low glucose 10% fetal bovine serum), culture the cells, remove the medium with an aspirator, and remove DMEM without Serum to 50 jti / well. added.
- PPAR ⁇ agonists L-165041 and GW501516 inhibit the activity of Caspase-3 / 7, which is activated when apo! ⁇ -Cis is induced. It was clarified that suppression of staurosporine exhibited an inhibitory effect on staurosporine-induced cell death. [Table 14]
- glue 8 (5 agonists) It is possible to reselect compounds having a protective effect on nerve cells by reselecting a compound that improves the survival rate by adding to a cultured cell line treated with a toxin such as MPP +, staurosporine, or the like.
- the compound selected by such a method can be used as an active ingredient of a therapeutic agent for a neurodegenerative disease such as cerebral infarction or Parkinson's disease, and is extremely useful for research for creating a new drug.
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US10/554,109 US20070037882A1 (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2004-04-15 | Remedy for cerebral neurodegenerative diseases using ppar agonist |
EP04727760A EP1637161A4 (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2004-04-15 | MEANS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE ILLNESSES OF THE BRAIN WITH PPAR [delta] AGONIST |
JP2005505723A JPWO2004093910A1 (ja) | 2003-04-22 | 2004-04-15 | PPARδアゴニストによる脳神経変性疾患治療剤 |
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Cited By (4)
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WO2004112794A3 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-06-16 | Novartis Ag | New pharmaceutical uses of staurosporine derivatives |
WO2005097098A2 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-20 | Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Use of ppr delta agonists for treating demyelinating diseases |
JP2010518029A (ja) * | 2007-02-08 | 2010-05-27 | フェノメノーム ディスカバリーズ インク | アルツハイマー型老年認知症の治療方法 |
US7833513B2 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2010-11-16 | Rhode Island Hospital | Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease |
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US9205577B2 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2015-12-08 | Allergan, Inc. | Porogen compositions, methods of making and uses |
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US9733237B2 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2017-08-15 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Methods for identifying candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1637161A4 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
US20070037882A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
JPWO2004093910A1 (ja) | 2006-07-13 |
EP1637161A1 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
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