WO2004020160A1 - Gewichtsausgleichssystem für geräte mit drehachsen - Google Patents
Gewichtsausgleichssystem für geräte mit drehachsen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004020160A1 WO2004020160A1 PCT/DE2003/002812 DE0302812W WO2004020160A1 WO 2004020160 A1 WO2004020160 A1 WO 2004020160A1 DE 0302812 W DE0302812 W DE 0302812W WO 2004020160 A1 WO2004020160 A1 WO 2004020160A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compensation system
- weight
- weight compensation
- robot
- energy storage
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/102—Gears specially adapted therefor, e.g. reduction gears
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/0008—Balancing devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/0008—Balancing devices
- B25J19/0016—Balancing devices using springs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a weight compensation system for a device, a machine or a device, preferably an articulated arm robot, with at least one base element and at least one moving element, which is rotatably mounted on the base element via a swivel joint and the center of gravity of which is at a height during a pivoting movement Changes in relation to the earth's gravitational field.
- Such devices can be, for example, a robot or a handling device.
- a robot has to move the robot arm, which is made up of several movable elements, as well as a payload according to a specified function, and hold it in a desired position.
- the drive motors have to deliver a torque, which essentially consists of the following components:
- the weight moment of a moving robot element follows a sine function.
- the weight moment acting on the axis of rotation is zero, it increases sinusoidally as the robot element is lowered to the maximum in the horizontal position and then falls back to zero in the vertically downward position.
- a weight balance system is a passive, i.e. no external energy consuming system through which. the torque caused by the weight is at least partially compensated.
- Robots with a weight balance are known in which the weight moment of the robot arm and the payload are at least partially balanced by a counterweight. With such a weight balance, the drive motors do not have to overcome any or not the full weight moments and can therefore use a large proportion of their power to accelerate and decelerate the associated robot elements.
- a counterweight increases the overall moment of inertia of the robot element, which has a negative effect on the dynamics of the robot element.
- the individual robot elements have to be made stiffer and therefore heavier in order to ensure good positioning accuracy of the robot arm.
- the arrangement of the counterweights often limits the angle of rotation of the individual axes, so that the working space that can be reached by the hand of the robot is restricted.
- a robot with a weight compensation system is known from EP 0 819 041, in which the moving robot element is articulated by a hydropneumatic system, for example a gas spring.
- a hydropneumatic system for example a gas spring.
- One end of the hydropneumatic system is attached to the base of the robot, while the other end is attached to the upper arm of the robot. Balancing weight with such a system has the following disadvantages:
- the pivoting angle range of the robot element is restricted by the articulation of the weight balancing system on the moving robot element.
- the acting compensating forces change due to temperature influences and are dependent on the speed of the moving robot element.
- a weight compensation system for a robot in which the moving robot element is articulated by a suspension system.
- one spring end section is attached to the base body of the robot, while the other spring end section is attached to the moving robot element.
- This weight balancing system also has a number of disadvantages:
- the pivoting angle range of the robot element is restricted by the articulation of the weight balancing system on the moving robot element.
- robots with such a weight compensation system generally have there is a weight balance only for the upper arm.
- a weight compensation system is known from EP 0 165 129, in which a spring mechanism is articulated via a cross loop and an articulated gear.
- a disadvantage of the solution disclosed in the cited patent is the considerable space required for the weight compensation system. Furthermore, with the system described, compensation of the weight moment is not possible for the entire rotation angle range of the axis (360 degrees). The latter two types of weight balancing systems are also not implemented in the robots currently on the market.
- the invention is based on the object
- the weight moment of the moving robot element for the entire rotational range of the axis should be compensated for as precisely as possible in any position without significantly increasing the moment of inertia of the moving element.
- the weight compensation system for a moving element e.g. the upper arm of a robot, as well as for several moving elements, e.g. the upper arm and forearm of a robot.
- the invention provides for the weight compensation system to be constructed from an energy storage device in combination with a cross-loop element and a gear element.
- the movable element of the robot is mechanically coupled to the passive, ie no external energy-consuming energy storage device, this coupling is realized by the gear element and the cross-loop element.
- the energy storage device is deflected in accordance with a function defined by the gear element and the cross-loop element.
- the energy store is, for example, one or more compression springs, tension springs, gas springs or a hydropneumatic or magnetic system.
- the gear element is preferably a pair of gears with two eccentrically running spur gears or non-circular gears.
- the first gear is connected to the axis of the movable robot element, while the second gear is connected to the crank of the cross-loop element.
- the special design of the gearbox element and the cross-loop element ensures that the force characteristic of the energy storage device is converted into an approximately sinusoidal torque curve on the axis of rotation of the movable robot element.
- This approximately sinusoidal torque curve corresponds approximately to the torque curve of the weight of the moving robot element, but acts in the opposite direction. An almost exact compensation of the moment of weight of the movable robot element is thus achieved.
- the gear element and the cross-loop element can be designed such that the weight compensation system effects the best possible compensation of the weight moment.
- Energy storage devices that are constructed from suspension systems generally have a linear force characteristic, ie the force increases proportionally with an increasing deflection of the energy store.
- an exact selection can be made by selecting the eccentricity of the gear pair or by designing the pitch curves of the non-circular gears Compensation of the moment of weight of the moving robot element can be achieved.
- energy storage devices with a constant force characteristic.
- These can consist of a hydraulic, pneumatic or magnetic system, for example.
- the force supplied by the energy storage device is at least approximately independent of the deflection of the energy store.
- the gear element be completely dispensed with, i.e. one constructed from a cross-loop element and such an energy storage device
- Weight compensation system effects an exact compensation of the weight moment of the moving robot element.
- a particular advantage of the invention is that the weight compensation system compensates for the weight moment for the entire rotational range of the axis (360 degrees). Furthermore, the range of action or the possibilities of movement of the moving element is not impaired by the weight compensation system.
- weight balancing system both for one movable element, for example the upper arm of a robot, and for several coupled movable elements, for example the upper arm and forearm of a robot.
- the weight balancing system can be automatically adapted to changing payloads or can also be used to support the drive device during the acceleration and deceleration phase of the robot element.
- the weight compensation system can also be used in many other applications for driven and manually moved systems.
- the drive devices are relieved by using the weight balancing system. This results in higher travel speeds and therefore shorter cycle times. In addition, the energy consumption of the drive devices can be reduced.
- the force required to move the load is reduced by using the weight compensation system.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a
- Weight compensation system Fig. 2a to 2b is a schematic representation of a
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a robot with two movable elements in a perspective view.
- FIG. 5 shows an energy storage device
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a vertical articulated arm robot with a movable element and an embodiment of the weight compensation system according to the invention.
- the robot 1 is constructed from the base element 3 and the first robot element (upper arm) 4.
- the upper arm 4 is rotatably supported in the base element 3 by the first axis of rotation 8.
- the upper arm 4 is coupled to the first weight compensation system 6 and to the drive device 9 which is only partially shown here.
- FIG. 2a and 2b show a schematic representation of the robot 1 shown in FIG. 1 with a movable element and an embodiment of the weight compensation system 6 according to the invention in two different positions.
- the first robot element (upper arm) 4 is rotatably mounted in the first axis of rotation 8, it is driven by a drive device, not shown here.
- the movement of the upper arm 4 is transmitted to the crank of the cross loop 15 by a pair of gears.
- the gear pair here is, for example, the two eccentrically running spur gears 10 and 12.
- the first gear 10 is fixedly connected to the upper arm 4, it does not rotate about its central axis 11, but together with the upper arm about the first axis of rotation 8.
- the second gear 12, which is in engagement with the gear 10, does not rotate its center axis 13, but about the offset axis of rotation 14.
- the rotation of the gear 12 is transmitted to the slide of the cross loop 17 via the crank of the cross loop 15 connected to the gear wheel and the coupling joint of the cross loop 16.
- the slide 17 is slidably mounted in the guide 18.
- a linear upward and downward movement of the slide causes a deflection of the energy storage device 19, which is constructed here, for example, from three compression springs.
- the mode of operation of the weight compensation system 6 is illustrated by the following illustrative explanation, in that the upper arm 4 is viewed in four different positions:
- Cross loop 15 already moved by an angle of more than 45 degrees.
- Cross loop 15 in turn rotated by an angle of more than 135 degrees.
- Upper arm 4 (angular position 180 degrees) also shows the crank of the cross loop 15 vertically downwards.
- the movement of the upper arm 4 is not uniformly transmitted to the cross-loop element by the eccentrically running gear pair 10 and 12. While the first gear 10 moves from the vertically upward position (angular position 0 degrees) to the horizontal position (angular position 90 degrees), the second gear 12 leads the angle of rotation of gear 10 to an increasing extent. This lead is removed again while the first gear 10 moves from the angular position 90 degrees to the vertically downward hanging position (angular position 180 degrees).
- the power arm 30 is larger in the angular position of 45 degrees (FIG. 2a) and the force 31 is smaller than in the angular position of 135 degrees (FIG. 2b).
- the weight compensation system 6 must now be designed so that the product of the force 31 and the force arm 30 for each angular position of the upper arm 4 corresponds as exactly as possible to the product of the weight of the upper arm 4 and the load arm 29.
- the weight of the upper arm 4 is compensated for by the weight compensation system 6.
- the robot 1 is constructed from the base element 3 and the first robot element (upper arm) 4.
- the upper arm 4 is rotatably supported in the base element 3 by the first axis of rotation 8.
- the upper arm 4 is coupled to the first weight compensation system 6 and to a drive device (not shown here).
- Weight balancing system 6 corresponds to the system described with reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- the robot 4 shows an embodiment of a vertical articulated arm robot with two movable elements and the associated weight compensation systems according to the invention.
- the robot 2 is constructed from a base element 3, a first robot element (upper arm) 4 and a second robot element (lower arm) 5.
- the upper arm 4 is rotatably supported in the base element 3 by the first axis of rotation 8 and is driven by the first drive device 9.
- the upper arm 4 is in direct connection with the first weight balancing system 6, the function and mode of operation of this weight balancing system corresponds to the system described with reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- the forearm 5 is rotatably supported in the upper arm 4 by the second axis of rotation 26. He becomes second
- This drive device 27 and the second weight compensation system 7 are attached to the base element 3 of the robot.
- the forearm 5 is therefore coupled to the weight compensation system 7 and the drive device 27 via the transmission mechanism 28.
- the transmission mechanism can be, for example, a belt or a chain. '
- the function and mode of operation of the second weight balancing system 7 in turn corresponds to the system described with reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- FIG. 5 shows an energy storage device with an adjusting device for adapting the force characteristic of the energy storage device to different operating conditions.
- the energy storage device 19 is constructed, for example, from three spring elements 20, 21 and 22 connected in parallel, which are designed here as compression springs.
- the spring elements 20, 21 and 22 are adjustable by adjusting devices 23, 24 and 25 between an active and an inactive operating position.
- the adjusting devices 23, 24 and 25 can be designed, for example, as pneumatic cylinders. 5, the spring elements 20 and 22 are in the active operating position, while the spring element 21 is in the inactive operating position.
- the spring elements 20 and 22 are non-positively coupled to the slide of the cross loop 17, whereas the spring element 21 is compressed by the adjusting device 24 to such an extent that it does not touch the slide of the cross loop 17.
- Such a structure ensures that the energy storage device 19 can be operated with different force characteristics.
- the task of the robot arm is to transport a payload from a first position to a second position and then move the robot arm back without it Payload in the first position.
- weight compensation of the robot arm is achieved without a payload, while when all three spring elements 20, 21 and 22 are connected in parallel, weight compensation takes place for the robot arm with the payload.
- the spring element 22 is switched between the inactive and the active position.
- the energy storage device 19 shown in FIG. 5 can be used to support the acceleration and deceleration phase of the moving robot element:
- the moment of weight of the robot arm and of a tool possibly attached to the robot arm is to be completely compensated for by the action of the energy storage device 19 with two spring elements 20 and 22 connected in parallel. If the robot arm now has to be accelerated upward against the force of gravity, the spring element 21 can be brought into its active operating position to support this acceleration.
- the energy storage device 19 thus delivers a force which moves the robot arm upward against the force of gravity and thus supports the acceleration of the robot arm.
- a corresponding procedure applies if the robot arm has to be accelerated downwards in the direction of gravity.
- one or both of the spring elements 20 and 22 is now brought into the inactive operating position.
- the effect of the weight balancing system according to the invention is thus temporarily canceled, so that the acceleration of gravity supports the acceleration of the robot arm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003260275A AU2003260275A1 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-08-22 | Weight compensation system for devices with axes of rotation |
EP03790737A EP1578566A1 (de) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-08-22 | Gewichtsausgleichssystem für geräte mit drehachsen |
DE10393671T DE10393671D2 (de) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-08-22 | Gewichtsausgleichssystem für Geräte mit Drehachsen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10238645 | 2002-08-23 | ||
DE10238645.5 | 2002-08-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004020160A1 true WO2004020160A1 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
WO2004020160A8 WO2004020160A8 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
Family
ID=31968987
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/002812 WO2004020160A1 (de) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-08-22 | Gewichtsausgleichssystem für geräte mit drehachsen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1578566A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003260275A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10393671D2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004020160A1 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104245250A (zh) * | 2012-04-24 | 2014-12-24 | 株式会社安川电机 | 重力补偿机构及机器人 |
CN105082181A (zh) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-11-25 | 苏州神运机器人有限公司 | 一种带有平衡凸轮块的阻尼平衡装置 |
WO2017186293A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Control of a robot joint using two drives |
CN107914284A (zh) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-04-17 | 燕山大学 | 一种转动关节机械臂重力补偿机构 |
CN112223305A (zh) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-15 | 合肥铁榔头教育科技有限公司 | 一种人形机器人腰部关节及实现方法 |
DE102020101515A1 (de) | 2020-01-23 | 2021-07-29 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren, Computerprogrammprodukt und Roboter zum Bestimmen einer Orientierung eines Roboters in einem Gravitationsfeld |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107718037B (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2021-05-04 | 南京双京电博特种机器人产业研究院有限公司 | 一种关节机器人的平衡装置 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2422482A1 (fr) * | 1978-04-13 | 1979-11-09 | Renault | Dispositif de transfert de pieces |
EP0165129A1 (de) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-12-18 | Ecole Centrale Des Arts Et Manufactures | Schwerkraftausgleichsvorrichtung für einen Roboterarm |
SU1202863A1 (ru) * | 1984-07-16 | 1986-01-07 | Всесоюзный заочный машиностроительный институт | Уравновешенный манипул тор |
US4901591A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1990-02-20 | Rene Oppermann | Device for balancing forces, in particular weight, acting on a robot arm or the like |
US5016854A (en) * | 1988-06-16 | 1991-05-21 | Haag-Streit Ag | Height adjustable supporting device for an instrument |
DE4132775A1 (de) * | 1991-10-02 | 1993-04-08 | Richter Hans | Roboterbaukasten |
EP0819041A1 (de) * | 1995-04-07 | 1998-01-21 | KUKA Roboter GmbH | Industrieroboter mit massenausgleich |
US6145403A (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 2000-11-14 | Kuka Roboter Gmbh | Robot arm with weight compensation |
US20010025541A1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-10-04 | Wolfgang Bohlken | Weight compensation device |
-
2003
- 2003-08-22 AU AU2003260275A patent/AU2003260275A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-22 WO PCT/DE2003/002812 patent/WO2004020160A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-08-22 DE DE10393671T patent/DE10393671D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-22 EP EP03790737A patent/EP1578566A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2422482A1 (fr) * | 1978-04-13 | 1979-11-09 | Renault | Dispositif de transfert de pieces |
EP0165129A1 (de) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-12-18 | Ecole Centrale Des Arts Et Manufactures | Schwerkraftausgleichsvorrichtung für einen Roboterarm |
SU1202863A1 (ru) * | 1984-07-16 | 1986-01-07 | Всесоюзный заочный машиностроительный институт | Уравновешенный манипул тор |
US4901591A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1990-02-20 | Rene Oppermann | Device for balancing forces, in particular weight, acting on a robot arm or the like |
US5016854A (en) * | 1988-06-16 | 1991-05-21 | Haag-Streit Ag | Height adjustable supporting device for an instrument |
DE4132775A1 (de) * | 1991-10-02 | 1993-04-08 | Richter Hans | Roboterbaukasten |
EP0819041A1 (de) * | 1995-04-07 | 1998-01-21 | KUKA Roboter GmbH | Industrieroboter mit massenausgleich |
US6145403A (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 2000-11-14 | Kuka Roboter Gmbh | Robot arm with weight compensation |
US20010025541A1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-10-04 | Wolfgang Bohlken | Weight compensation device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section PQ Week 198633, Derwent World Patents Index; Class P62, AN 1986-217453, XP002269662 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104245250A (zh) * | 2012-04-24 | 2014-12-24 | 株式会社安川电机 | 重力补偿机构及机器人 |
CN105082181A (zh) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-11-25 | 苏州神运机器人有限公司 | 一种带有平衡凸轮块的阻尼平衡装置 |
WO2017186293A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Control of a robot joint using two drives |
CN107914284A (zh) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-04-17 | 燕山大学 | 一种转动关节机械臂重力补偿机构 |
DE102020101515A1 (de) | 2020-01-23 | 2021-07-29 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren, Computerprogrammprodukt und Roboter zum Bestimmen einer Orientierung eines Roboters in einem Gravitationsfeld |
DE102020101515A8 (de) | 2020-01-23 | 2021-10-21 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren, Computerprogrammprodukt und Roboter zum Bestimmen einer Orientierung eines Roboters in einem Gravitationsfeld |
CN112223305A (zh) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-15 | 合肥铁榔头教育科技有限公司 | 一种人形机器人腰部关节及实现方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2004020160A8 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
AU2003260275A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
DE10393671D2 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
EP1578566A1 (de) | 2005-09-28 |
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