WO2003011686A1 - Catamaran driven by a propeller actuated by reciprocating movements - Google Patents

Catamaran driven by a propeller actuated by reciprocating movements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003011686A1
WO2003011686A1 PCT/FR2002/002401 FR0202401W WO03011686A1 WO 2003011686 A1 WO2003011686 A1 WO 2003011686A1 FR 0202401 W FR0202401 W FR 0202401W WO 03011686 A1 WO03011686 A1 WO 03011686A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flywheel
propeller
propulsion
pinion
axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2002/002401
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2003011686A8 (en
Inventor
Jacques Giroud
Original Assignee
Jacques Giroud
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jacques Giroud filed Critical Jacques Giroud
Priority to AU2002329339A priority Critical patent/AU2002329339A1/en
Publication of WO2003011686A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003011686A1/en
Publication of WO2003011686A8 publication Critical patent/WO2003011686A8/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H16/00—Marine propulsion by muscle power
    • B63H16/08—Other apparatus for converting muscle power into propulsive effort
    • B63H16/12—Other apparatus for converting muscle power into propulsive effort using hand levers, cranks, pedals, or the like, e.g. water cycles, boats propelled by boat-mounted pedal cycles
    • B63H16/14—Other apparatus for converting muscle power into propulsive effort using hand levers, cranks, pedals, or the like, e.g. water cycles, boats propelled by boat-mounted pedal cycles for propelled drive

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to nautical navigation devices without a motor, more particularly powered by muscular energy and more precisely the invention relates to a nautical navigation device of the catamaran type set in motion by rotation of a propeller. in the water, the latter being actuated by movements of the rower type, carried out by at least one pilot.
  • French patent application FR 2 149 318 relates to an amphibious catamaran boat propelled by the action of the combined effort of the arms and legs of one or more rowers, thanks to a device for transforming muscular energy into rotary kinetic energy driving a propeller, via a freewheel and a kinetic flywheel.
  • This catamaran comprises two parallel hollow floats connected to each other by crosspieces, on which a bridge rests.
  • This boat also includes a propellant system, an airfoil and retractable wheels.
  • the mechanical propulsion system includes a propeller which can be driven in rotation by means of a rigid sleeve integral with the end of the blades.
  • This sleeve includes a groove intended to receive a belt cooperating with a drive pulley mounted on a shaft driven in rotation by a kinetic flywheel.
  • the rotation of this flywheel is ensured by a free ratchet wheel, itself moved by the reciprocating movements of the four members of the rower (s), applied to the ends of the two arms of a lever articulated on an axis.
  • the complementary sail propulsion system comprises two masts each mounted on a float of the catamaran and coupled to each other by a spacer.
  • the first of these drawbacks is its manufacturing complexity. Indeed, it is an amphibious aircraft. It therefore has wheels that it is necessary to retract when the device is floated. It has a sail propulsion system consisting of a double mast and therefore a double wing. The wheelhouse is controlled by a handlebar with two wrists, independent of the propulsion lever.
  • This manufacturing complexity leads to a complexity of use. Indeed, it is necessary to advance the boat and steer it, to alternate the use of the propulsion lever and the handlebars, which makes it impractical to maneuver.
  • the upper limbs are positioned on the handlebars to steer the boat, it becomes much more difficult to advance the boat by propulsion generated by the action of the lower limbs alone on the propulsion lever.
  • French patent application FR 2 594 407 describes a multi-purpose boat comprising two parallel floats, a pedaling propulsion system comprising an impeller or a pendular propeller, as well as a rigging comprising a mast and a boom intended to receive a sail. There is also a seat intended to receive the user capable of actuating the pedals.
  • a boat also has drawbacks. Indeed, the use of a propulsion system by pedaling is impractical because of low efficiency. It results in high energy consumption for very limited progression of the boat.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a nautical navigation device which is simple in design and easy to use.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a nautical navigation device which is of a limited size and therefore which is easily transportable.
  • a final objective of the invention is to provide a nautical navigation device which makes it possible to obtain an interesting speed of progression with regard to the muscular energy expended.
  • the invention therefore relates to a nautical navigation device, comprising a chassis connected to at least two floats, drive means, propulsion means, and directional control means, the drive means producing movements thanks to the muscular energy developed by a user seated on a sliding seat on two rails, parallel, longitudinal and integral with the chassis, amplifying these movements and transmitting them to the means of propulsion.
  • the drive means essentially comprise at least one handle, intended to be grasped and pulled by the user in motion on the seat, this handle being integral with one end of at least one transmission link cooperating with at least one pinion , the other end of this transmission link being connected to a winding device, the pinion driving in rotation an axis carrying a free wheel, constituting a flywheel, the rotary movement of the flywheel being transmitted to the propulsion means , which are of the hydraulic type and which essentially comprise at least one propeller which can be driven in rotation by means of at least one transmission member, held on the chassis and cooperating with the flywheel
  • the directional control means essentially comprise a footrest mobile in rotation, serving as a lifter, connected to at least one rudder.
  • the nautical navigation device also advantageously comprises means of propulsion by wind energy.
  • the seat, the rails, the profiles and the footrest constitute a mobile assembly, this mobile assembly being able to carry out a rotational movement around the axis from a longitudinal position to a transverse position, in order to allow the user to operate the device, when it is powered by wind energy.
  • the rails are fixed on two profiles, the footrest being connected to said profiles by means of two tubes, sliding inside the profiles.
  • the transmission link cooperating with the pinion advantageously consists of a chain connected on the one hand, to the handle by means of a first cord and on the other hand, to the winding device by means of a second cord, the chain meshing the pinion.
  • the transmission member advantageously consists of a transmission shaft, cooperating with the flywheel by means of a pressure roller, positioned at the upper end of the transmission shaft and in contact with the flywheel .
  • This drive shaft is held to the chassis by means of a support arm.
  • the propeller is retractable under the chassis.
  • the propeller is retracted by means of a toggle, connecting the support arm to the chassis, this toggle being operated by the user by means of a handle connected to a cable, the operation consisting in the folding the kneepad.
  • the apparatus according to the invention may advantageously comprise a mechanism making it possible to reverse the direction of rotation of the propeller, when this apparatus is used with the means of propulsion by muscular energy, this mechanism being implemented by user by means of the propeller retraction handle.
  • This mechanism consists essentially of an intermediate roller, in contact with the pressure roller, disposed on an axis parallel to the transmission shaft, this parallel axis being connected to the transmission shaft by means of a support arm, so that the intermediate roller pivots around the pressure roller and comes to be positioned between the pressure roller and the flywheel, so that the pressure roller is driven in the opposite direction by the intermediate roller, itself driven by the flywheel, the space provided between the flywheel and the pressure roller and allowing the positioning of said intermediate roller, being obtained by the partial retraction of the propeller.
  • the apparatus according to the invention also comprises a speed change mechanism, when used with the means of propulsion by muscular energy.
  • This speed change mechanism is constituted by a secondary axis, arranged parallel to the axis of the flywheel, this secondary axis carrying a pinion identical to that of the axis of the flywheel and meshed by the chain in direction. reverse, and at least one additional pinion, called reduction gear, in contact with at least one gear wheel secured to the axis of the flywheel, the reduction gear being engaged on the secondary axis, by the through a clutch fork.
  • the floats of the nautical navigation device are inflatable.
  • the means of propulsion by wind energy essentially consist of at least one mast and one boom receiving a sail.
  • the chassis comprises a control platform and optionally a free platform, the control platform constituting a module, at least two modules which can be assembled to form an apparatus comprising at least two stations motion production and control, and can be operated by at least two users simultaneously.
  • Figure 1 shows a three-quarter view of the nautical navigation device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents a top view of the nautical navigation device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a partial longitudinal section along the axis III-III of the nautical navigation device according to the invention, shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 shows an enlarged partial longitudinal section, identical to that of the figure 3, of a variant of the nautical navigation device comprising a reverse mechanism.
  • FIG. 5 represents a three-quarter view of the nautical navigation device according to the invention, also comprising a means of propulsion by wind energy.
  • the nautical navigation device shown in FIG. 1, comprises two floats 10 and 12, integral with a chassis 14, of the tubular chassis type.
  • the floats 10 and 12 are, according to a preferred embodiment, of the inflatable type.
  • the chassis 14 carries a seat 16, sliding on two parallel rails 18 and 20.
  • a footrest 22 On the upper front part of the tubular chassis 14, is arranged a footrest 22, playing the role of lifter and directly controlling a rudder 24, fixed in its extension on a tube fitting 25.
  • a handle 26 In front of the seat, is arranged a handle 26 connected to a cord and allowing the user of the nautical navigation device according to the invention to actuate the propulsion means (not shown).
  • the top view shown in Figure 2 provides a better understanding of the invention.
  • the floats 10 and 12 are fixed to the chassis 14 by means of a system of rings and stirrup 26.
  • a rod (not shown) is threaded in the rings so as to come and block the rings in the stirrups. This rod is retained on each side by a pin so as to prevent any movement on its part.
  • the chassis 14 is made up of two parts.
  • a front part 14a constituting the control platform carries the entire mechanism for producing the movements and controlling the device.
  • a rear part 14b constitutes a relaxation platform allowing the user to lie down or store business.
  • the chassis carries a floor 28, partially shown, consisting of a taut net or a hard material allowing the user to move on the nautical navigation device.
  • the control platform carries two profiles 30 and 32, positioned longitudinally in the central part of the platform. On these profiles are fixed the rails (18 and 20) on which slides the seat 16. As shown in Figure 2 and 3, under the control platform is a free wheel 34, constituting a flywheel through the presence of ballast regularly distributed around the periphery of the wheel. This flywheel rotates around an axis 36, fixed to the chassis by means of four carrying arms 38, 40, 42 and 44, fixed to the four corners of the control platform 14a.
  • the flywheel 34 is connected to the handle 26, by means of a cord 46, one end of which is connected to the handle 26 and the other end of which is connected to one end of a chain 48 meshing with a pinion 50, of the freewheel type, fixed on the axle 36, under the flywheel 34.
  • the other end of the chain 48 joins, by means of a second cord 51, an automatic winder 52.
  • the cord 46 is taken up, at the front of the chassis, by a pulley 54 fixed to the chassis, and emerges above the latter between the footrest 22 and the seat 16.
  • a propeller 55 is fixed by means of a support arm 56.
  • This propeller 55 is rotated by a transmission shaft 58.
  • the upper end of this shaft 58 ends with a pressure roller 60, which is in contact with the flywheel 34.
  • a knee lever 62 connects the propeller arm 56 to the chassis 14, at the axis 36. This toggle allows the propeller to be retracted, according to a variant of the nautical navigation device described below.
  • the user pulls on the handle 26 with the aid of his arms and pushes on his legs while resting on the footrest.
  • the seat 16 then performs a rear translational movement by sliding on the rails 18 and 20.
  • the flywheel 34 is rotated by the chain 48 which engages the pinion 50.
  • the flywheel 34 transmits this rotary movement to the pressure roller 60 which transmits it to the propeller 55, via the transmission shaft 58.
  • the cord 46 is returned to the rear and the handle 26 is returned to its starting position , via a winding device 52 which recalls the cord 51.
  • the user returns to its original position by forward translation of the seat 16 which slides on the rails 18 and 20.
  • the flywheel 34 continues to turn around its axis, thanks to the inertia produced by the ballast.
  • the rudder 24 is disposed at the front of the chassis 14. The latter is fitted into the fitting tube 25, from which it cannot come out.
  • the footrest 22 is integral with the sections 30 and 32, by means of two tubes 33 and 35, to which it is fixed, which slide inside these sections, which makes it possible to move the footrest in longitudinal translation relative to the profiles 30 and 32.
  • the footrest is positioned vertically on the fitting tube 25 so that the rudder 25 is directly fixed to the footrest by a pin system, crossing the fitting tube 25.
  • the footrest can move in rotation around a vertical axis located in the center thereof. The user then uses the footrest as a spreader to move the rudder and guide the device according to the invention.
  • a variant of the device has a mechanism for reversing the direction of rotation of the propeller. This mechanism is linked to the operating mechanism of the propeller.
  • an additional roller 64 called the intermediate roller, is disposed at the upper end of the transmission shaft 58.
  • This intermediate roller 64 is connected to the transmission shaft 58 by through a carrier arm 66.
  • This roller is in free rotation around an axis fixed to the carrier arm 66.
  • the carrier arm 66 preferably in the form of a crescent, is movable in rotation around the transmission shaft 58, so that the intermediate roller 64 pivots around the pressure roller 60.
  • a return spring (not shown), fixed to the support arm 66, maintains this last, and therefore the intermediate roller 64, in the rest position on the side of the pressure roller 60.
  • the propeller arm 56 pivots about a horizontal transverse axis 68 which holds the latter to the chassis.
  • This pivoting is allowed by means of the toggle joint 62, constituted by an articulated arm.
  • the user of the device according to the invention acts on the knee switch 62 by means of an independent handle (not shown), connected to the knee switch by a cable.
  • the handle is attached to the chassis so that it is easily accessible to the user. By pulling on this handle, the user folds the toggle joint, which causes the propeller to retract.
  • the propeller retraction cable carries a lug which, when the user pulls on the handle, performs a translational movement and abuts against another lug fixed on a half-moon device, connected to the chassis by the intermediate of an axis allowing its rotation and being on the path of the retracting cable.
  • the translation of the lug fixed on the retraction cable causes the device to rotate in the form of a half-moon around its axis by means of the lug that it carries.
  • the half-moon device being connected to the support arm 66 by means of a cable, the rotation of the latter induces a translational movement of this cable which induces the pivoting of the support arm 66, around the transmission shaft 58 and therefore a pivoting of the intermediate roller 64 relative to the pressure roller 60.
  • the pressure roller 60 comes off from the flywheel 34 by the retraction movement of the propeller, while the intermediate roller 64 is simultaneously positioned between the flywheel 34 and the pressure roller 60.
  • a notch system at the level of the half-moon, limits the rotational movement of the latter, and therefore initially limits the travel of the retraction cable of the propeller, so that the space provided between the flywheel 34 and the pressure roller 60 during the pivoting of the support arm 56 around its transverse horizontal axis, corresponds pl us or less to the diameter of the intermediate roller 64.
  • the user can resume these rowing movements in order to cause the rotation of the flywheel 34.
  • the latter drives the intermediate roller 64 in rotation, which in turn causes the rotation of the roller presser 60.
  • the rotation of the latter is in the opposite direction, relative to the rotation generated by the flywheel 34, when the pressure roller 60 is directly in contact with it.
  • the propeller also rotates in the opposite direction.
  • This mechanism allows, on the one hand, the user to brake the movement of the nautical navigation device, when he deems it necessary. It also allows the user to propel the device in the opposite direction to the normal direction of travel, in particular to be able to maneuver.
  • This pressure makes it possible to press the roller intermediate against the flywheel and therefore to obtain optimal operating efficiency.
  • the user pulls on the propeller retracting handle until it stops.
  • the cable attached to the knee lifter resumes its course.
  • the lug fixed on this cable then causes a greater rotation of the device in a half-moon until the lug fixed on this device jumps beyond the lug of the cable and is no longer retained by it .
  • the half-moon device then returns to its initial position, which induces a return to the rest position of the carrier arm 66 and the intermediate roller 64, thanks to the return spring.
  • the retracting cable drives the toggle until it is fully folded.
  • this cable is guided in a first pulley fixed at the central articulation of the toggle joint, then circulates in a second pulley located at the upper end of the toggle joint, then comes to be fixed at its lower end.
  • the retracting cable will initially fold the central joint until the upper half-arm is pressed against the chassis.
  • the cable will then pull on the lower end of the toggle joint via the pulley attached to the upper end, so that the lower half-arm will come back to fold on the upper half-arm.
  • the support arm 56 and the transmission shaft 58 are then pressed against the chassis. The user then locks the handle in a space provided for this purpose.
  • This propeller retraction system is particularly used when the aircraft is approaching a shore or generally when the water level is low.
  • the nautical navigation device may have a speed change mechanism (not shown).
  • a secondary axis is fixed to the chassis, in the vicinity of the axis and parallel to it.
  • the wheel axle 36 has at least one additional gear wheel of larger diameter and integral with it, located under the pinion 50.
  • the secondary axle carries a pinion, of the free wheel type, identical to the pinion 50 but engaged by the chain 48 in the opposite direction.
  • This axis also carries a second pinion, called reduction gear, of a larger diameter and completely free relative to its axis.
  • This reduction gear is made integral with the secondary axis by means of a clutch fork which, when actuated by the user, performs a translational movement along the axis and causes the rotation of the reduction gear by friction, by means of a disc which comes to stick against the latter.
  • the reduction obtained being very large, the speed of rotation of the pinion 50 is no longer sufficient to drive the flywheel (34) and this pinion is found coasting.
  • the flywheel (34) is then driven by the gear pinion of the secondary axis, which rotates much faster and collaborates with the gear wheel, which makes it possible to obtain a speed of movement of the device. more important.
  • Yet another variant of the invention consists in providing the nautical navigation device with a means of propulsion by wind energy.
  • This means of propulsion consists essentially of rigging.
  • An example of this device is shown in FIG. 5.
  • This “sail” device is of identical design to that which has been the subject of the description above. However, certain characteristics can be adapted to this mode of propulsion.
  • rudders 72 and 74 can be fixed to the rear of the floats 10 and 12. These rudders are controlled directly by the user by means of a bar 76.
  • the mast 80 can be in one piece or made up of several elements fitted into each other. These elements can be made of composite material.
  • the sail 82 is preferably of the windsurfing sail type.
  • a boom 84 is fixed to the mast and makes it possible to hold the lower edge of the sail.
  • This boom may consist of a single element or of several elements fitted into each other. These elements can also be made of composite material.
  • the mast 80 is fitted into the fitting tube 25 in place of the footrest 22. To do this, the footrest 22 is detached from the rudder. Then, it is retracted by the user by sliding the tubes 33 and 35 in the sections 30 and 32. The rudder is then fixed to the fitting tube so as to serve as a fin keel.
  • the seat 16, the rails 18 and 20 fixed on the sections 30 and 32, as well as the footrest 22 constitute a movable plate which can carry out a movement of rotation about the axis 36, from a longitudinal position to a transverse position, in one direction and in the other.
  • the handle 26 remains fixed to the front of the chassis on a support provided for this purpose.
  • a fixing system makes it possible to immobilize the plate in the longitudinal position or in a transverse position, thus avoiding inadvertent movements of the plate which could prove dangerous for the user.
  • the footrest is kept fixed both at the sliding of the tubes 33 and 35 in the sections 30 and 32, as at the vertical rotation allowing its use as a spreader.
  • the means for fixing these various mobile elements are constituted by pin systems.
  • the user can return to the mode of propulsion by muscular energy. He just has to remove the mast and the sail, dismantle the different elements and stow them on the platform, along a float. He remobilizes the rudder by fixing it to the footrest and returns the propeller to the low position. The bar and the rudders are left free since the directional control of the device is done again via the rudder.
  • the nautical navigation device can receive a configuration for several users.
  • the control platform 14a can be separated from the expansion platform and thus constitute an independent module.
  • the floats can be made up of several independent elements.
  • several control platforms can be assembled together.
  • floats of sufficient length can be obtained by assembling the elements constituting them.
  • the device obtained is operated simultaneously by several users.
  • Each user has means of propulsion by muscular energy.
  • only one user has directional control means by spreader.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can receive one or more means of propulsion by wind energy, as shown in FIG. 5. In this configuration, the rudders are controlled by the user who is at the rear of the apparatus .
  • the nautical navigation device therefore comprises a large number of technical solutions making their use easy, practical and fun. Indeed, its design makes it easily transportable.
  • the means of propulsion by muscular energy used make it possible to obtain good efficiency when comparing the energy expended with the propulsion speed obtained.
  • the user is oriented in the direction of propulsion, which makes the device according to the invention all the safer to use.
  • the user can change the propulsion mode at any time and very quickly.
  • the implementation of these propulsion means is carried out under optimal conditions both in terms of practicality and in terms of safety.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a nautical sailing craft, comprising a body (4) connected to at least two floaters (10 and 12), driving means, propelling means, and steering control means, the propelling means producing movements through muscular energy generated by a user on a seat (16) sliding on two parallel longitudinal slide rails (18 and 20) integral with the frame, amplifying said movements and transmitting them to the propelling means. The driving means comprise essentially at least a handle (26) designed to be gripped by the user moving on the seat (16), said handle being integral with one end of at least a transmission link co-operating with at least a pinion (50), the other end of said transmission link being connected to a winding device (52), the pinion driving in rotation a shaft (36) bearing a free wheel (34), forming a flywheel, the rotational movement of the flywheel (34) being transmitted to the propelling means, which are of the hydraulic type and which essentially comprise at least a propeller (55) capable of being driven in rotation by means of at least a transmission member, maintained at the frame and co-operating with the flywheel. The steering control means comprise essentially a footrest (22) mobile in rotation, serving as foot steerage, linked to at least a rudder.

Description

CATAMARAN PROPULSE PAR UNE HELICE ACTIONNEE PAR MOUVEMENTS ALTERNATI FSCATAMARAN POWERED BY A PROPELLER POWERED BY ALTERNATI FS MOVEMENTS
La présente invention concerne de façon générale les appareils de navigation nautique sans moteur, plus particulièrement mus grâce à l'énergie musculaire et de façon plus précise l'invention concerne un appareil de navigation nautique de type catamaran mis en mouvement par rotation d'une hélice dans l'eau, cette dernière étant actionnée grâce à des mouvements de type rameur, réalisés par au moins un pilote.The present invention relates generally to nautical navigation devices without a motor, more particularly powered by muscular energy and more precisely the invention relates to a nautical navigation device of the catamaran type set in motion by rotation of a propeller. in the water, the latter being actuated by movements of the rower type, carried out by at least one pilot.
Il existe sur le marché, différents types d'appareil de navigation nautique. Ces appareils sont classés en deux catégories : les appareils à propulsion par moteur et les appareils à propulsion par énergie naturelle telle que l'énergie éolienne ou l'énergie musculaire. Ces derniers sont les plus anciens représentants et sont largement diffusés. En effet, de nos jours, les appareils à propulsion par énergie éolienne les plus utilisés sont le bateau à voile ou la planche à voile. Dans le cas des appareils de navigation nautique à propulsion par énergie musculaire, le plus ancien représentant est sans nul doute le bateau à rames. L'évolution des techniques et leur adaptation au domaine nautique a permis de voir apparaître de nouveaux engins tels que le Pédalo®, dans lequel la propulsion se fait par le biais de mouvements de pédalage avec les membres inférieurs.There are different types of nautical navigation devices on the market. These devices are classified into two categories: motor powered devices and natural powered devices such as wind power or muscle power. The latter are the oldest representatives and are widely distributed. Indeed, nowadays, the most used wind powered devices are the sailing boat or the windsurfing board. In the case of nautical equipment powered by muscular energy, the oldest representative is undoubtedly the rowing boat. The evolution of techniques and their adaptation to the nautical field has made it possible to see the appearance of new machines such as the Pedalo ® , in which the propulsion is done by means of pedaling movements with the lower limbs.
D'autres appareils plus complexes ont été plus récemment décrits. Certains de ces systèmes combinent la propulsion par énergie musculaire et par énergie éolienne. Généralement, la propulsion par énergie musculaire se fait par le biais de pédales, de rames, de roues à aubes ou encore de systèmes permettant de reproduire les mouvements réalisés avec des rames. Ces systèmes de propulsion actionnent généralement des hélices ou des pâles. Pour ce qui est de la propulsion par énergie éolienne, celle-ci se fait le plus souvent par l'intermédiaire de voiles.Other more complex devices have been described more recently. Some of these systems combine propulsion by muscular energy and by wind energy. Generally, the propulsion by muscular energy is done by means of pedals, oars, paddle wheels or even systems allowing to reproduce the movements carried out with oars. These propulsion systems generally operate propellers or blades. As far as wind power is concerned, this is most often done by means of sails.
Ainsi, la demande de brevet français FR 2 149 318 concerne un bateau catamaran amphibie propulsé par l'action de l'effort conjugué des bras et des jambes d'un ou plusieurs rameurs, grâce à un dispositif de transformation de l'énergie musculaire en énergie cinétique rotative d'entraînement d'une hélice, par l'intermédiaire d'une roue libre et d'un volant cinétique. Ce catamaran comprend deux flotteurs creux parallèles reliés l'un à l'autre par des traverses, sur lesquelles repose un pont. Cette embarcation comporte également un système propulseur, une voilure et des roues escamotables. Le système de propulsion mécanique comprend une hélice entraînable en rotation par l'intermédiaire d'un manchon rigide solidaire de l'extrémité des pales. Ce manchon comprend une gorge destinée à recevoir une courroie coopérant avec une poulie motrice montée sur un arbre entraîné en rotation par un volant cinétique. La mise en rotation de ce volant est assurée par une roue libre à cliquets, elle-même mue par les mouvements alternatifs des quatre membres du ou des rameurs, appliquée aux extrémités des deux bras d'un levier articulé sur un axe. Le système de propulsion complémentaire à voile comprend deux mâts montés chacun sur un flotteur du catamaran et accouplés l'un à l'autre par une entretoise.Thus, French patent application FR 2 149 318 relates to an amphibious catamaran boat propelled by the action of the combined effort of the arms and legs of one or more rowers, thanks to a device for transforming muscular energy into rotary kinetic energy driving a propeller, via a freewheel and a kinetic flywheel. This catamaran comprises two parallel hollow floats connected to each other by crosspieces, on which a bridge rests. This boat also includes a propellant system, an airfoil and retractable wheels. The mechanical propulsion system includes a propeller which can be driven in rotation by means of a rigid sleeve integral with the end of the blades. This sleeve includes a groove intended to receive a belt cooperating with a drive pulley mounted on a shaft driven in rotation by a kinetic flywheel. The rotation of this flywheel is ensured by a free ratchet wheel, itself moved by the reciprocating movements of the four members of the rower (s), applied to the ends of the two arms of a lever articulated on an axis. The complementary sail propulsion system comprises two masts each mounted on a float of the catamaran and coupled to each other by a spacer.
Un tel appareil comporte plusieurs inconvénients majeurs. Le premier de ces inconvénients est sa complexité de fabrication. En effet, il s'agit d'un appareil amphibie. Il dispose donc de roues qu'il est nécessaire d'escamoter lorsque l'appareil est mis à flot. Il comporte un système de propulsion à voile constitué d'un double mât et donc d'une double voilure. La timonerie est commandée par un guidon à deux poignets, indépendant du levier de propulsion. Cette complexité de fabrication entraîne une complexité d'utilisation. En effet, il est nécessaire pour faire avancer l'embarcation et la diriger, d'alterner l'utilisation du levier de propulsion et du guidon, ce qui le rend peu pratique à manœuvrer. Ainsi, lorsque les membres supérieurs sont positionnés sur le guidon pour diriger l'embarcation, il devient beaucoup plus difficile de faire avancer l'embarcation par une propulsion générée par l'action des seuls membres inférieurs sur le levier de propulsion.Such an apparatus has several major drawbacks. The first of these drawbacks is its manufacturing complexity. Indeed, it is an amphibious aircraft. It therefore has wheels that it is necessary to retract when the device is floated. It has a sail propulsion system consisting of a double mast and therefore a double wing. The wheelhouse is controlled by a handlebar with two wrists, independent of the propulsion lever. This manufacturing complexity leads to a complexity of use. Indeed, it is necessary to advance the boat and steer it, to alternate the use of the propulsion lever and the handlebars, which makes it impractical to maneuver. Thus, when the upper limbs are positioned on the handlebars to steer the boat, it becomes much more difficult to advance the boat by propulsion generated by the action of the lower limbs alone on the propulsion lever.
Enfin, un autre inconvénient majeur est le coût de fabrication. En effet, la complexité de l'appareil entraîne irrémédiablement des coûts de fabrication prohibitifs qui se répercutent sur son prix de vente. D'autres embarcations sont beaucoup plus simples de conception. Ainsi, par exemple, la demande de brevet français FR 2 594 407 décrit une embarcation polyvalente comprenant deux flotteurs parallèles, un système de propulsion par pédalage comportant une roue à aubes ou une hélice pendulaire, ainsi qu'un gréement comprenant un mât et une bôme destinés à recevoir une voile. Est également prévu un siège destiné à recevoir l'utilisateur susceptible d'actionner les pédales. Une telle embarcation comporte également des inconvénients. En effet, l'utilisation d'un système de propulsion par pédalage est peu pratique car de faible rendement. Il entraîne une forte consommation d'énergie pour une progression de l'embarcation très limitée.Finally, another major drawback is the manufacturing cost. Indeed, the complexity of the device irreparably leads to prohibitive manufacturing costs which affect its selling price. Other boats are much simpler in design. Thus, for example, French patent application FR 2 594 407 describes a multi-purpose boat comprising two parallel floats, a pedaling propulsion system comprising an impeller or a pendular propeller, as well as a rigging comprising a mast and a boom intended to receive a sail. There is also a seat intended to receive the user capable of actuating the pedals. Such a boat also has drawbacks. Indeed, the use of a propulsion system by pedaling is impractical because of low efficiency. It results in high energy consumption for very limited progression of the boat.
Force est de constater que les appareils de navigation nautique décrits jusqu'à présent, ne sont pas entièrement satisfaisants tant sur le plan de la simplicité de fabrication et d'utilisation, que sur celui du rendement obtenu lorsqu'on compare la vitesse de progression de ces engins à l'énergie musculaire dépensée pour les faire avancer.It is clear that the nautical navigation devices described so far are not entirely satisfactory, both in terms of simplicity of manufacture and use, and in terms of the yield obtained when comparing the speed of progression of these devices to the muscular energy expended to make them advance.
Un des objectifs de la présente invention est de fournir un appareil de navigation nautique qui soit d'une conception simple et d'une utilisation facile. Un autre objectif de l'invention est de fournir un appareil de navigation nautique qui soit d'un encombrement limité et donc qui soit facilement transportable.One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a nautical navigation device which is simple in design and easy to use. Another object of the invention is to provide a nautical navigation device which is of a limited size and therefore which is easily transportable.
Enfin, un dernier objectif de l'invention est de fournir un appareil de navigation nautique qui permette d'obtenir une vitesse de progression intéressante au regard de l'énergie musculaire dépensée. L'invention concerne donc un appareil de navigation nautique, comprenant un châssis relié à au moins deux flotteurs, des moyens d'entraînement, des moyens de propulsion, et des moyens de commande directionnelle, les moyens d'entraînement produisant des mouvements grâce à l'énergie musculaire développée par un utilisateur assis sur un siège coulissant sur deux rails, parallèles, longitudinaux et solidaires du châssis, amplifiant ces mouvements et les transmettant aux moyens de propulsion. Les moyens d'entraînement comprennent essentiellement au moins une poignée, destinée à être saisie et tirée par l'utilisateur en mouvement sur le siège, cette poignée étant solidaire d'une extrémité d'au moins un lien de transmission coopérant avec au moins un pignon, l'autre extrémité de ce lien de transmission étant reliée à un dispositif enrouleur, le pignon entraînant en rotation un axe portant une roue libre, constituant un volant d'inertie, le mouvement rotatoire du volant d'inertie étant transmis aux moyens de propulsion, qui sont de type hydraulique et qui comprennent essentiellement au moins une hélice entraînable en rotation au moyen d'au moins un organe de transmission, maintenu au châssis et coopérant avec le volant d'inertie Les moyens de commande directionnelle comprennent essentiellement un repose-pied mobile en rotation, servant de palonnier, relié à au moins un gouvernail.Finally, a final objective of the invention is to provide a nautical navigation device which makes it possible to obtain an interesting speed of progression with regard to the muscular energy expended. The invention therefore relates to a nautical navigation device, comprising a chassis connected to at least two floats, drive means, propulsion means, and directional control means, the drive means producing movements thanks to the muscular energy developed by a user seated on a sliding seat on two rails, parallel, longitudinal and integral with the chassis, amplifying these movements and transmitting them to the means of propulsion. The drive means essentially comprise at least one handle, intended to be grasped and pulled by the user in motion on the seat, this handle being integral with one end of at least one transmission link cooperating with at least one pinion , the other end of this transmission link being connected to a winding device, the pinion driving in rotation an axis carrying a free wheel, constituting a flywheel, the rotary movement of the flywheel being transmitted to the propulsion means , which are of the hydraulic type and which essentially comprise at least one propeller which can be driven in rotation by means of at least one transmission member, held on the chassis and cooperating with the flywheel The directional control means essentially comprise a footrest mobile in rotation, serving as a lifter, connected to at least one rudder.
Selon une variante de réalisation, l'appareil de navigation nautique selon l'invention comprend également et de façon avantageuse des moyens de propulsion par énergie éolienne. Préférentiellement, le siège, les rails, les profilés et le repose-pied constituent un ensemble mobile, cet ensemble mobile pouvant effectuer un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe d'une position longitudinale jusqu'à une position transversale, afin de permettre à l'utilisateur de manœuvrer l'appareil, lorsque celui-ci est propulsé par l'énergie éolienne. Selon une autre variante, les rails sont fixés sur deux profilés, le repose- pied étant relié aux dits profilés par l'intermédiaire de deux tubes, coulissant à l'intérieur des profilés.According to an alternative embodiment, the nautical navigation device according to the invention also advantageously comprises means of propulsion by wind energy. Preferably, the seat, the rails, the profiles and the footrest constitute a mobile assembly, this mobile assembly being able to carry out a rotational movement around the axis from a longitudinal position to a transverse position, in order to allow the user to operate the device, when it is powered by wind energy. According to another variant, the rails are fixed on two profiles, the footrest being connected to said profiles by means of two tubes, sliding inside the profiles.
Le lien de transmission coopérant avec le pignon consiste, avantageusement, en une chaîne reliée d'une part, à la poignée au moyen d'un premier cordon et d'autre part, au dispositif enrouleur au moyen d'un deuxième cordon, la chaîne engrenant le pignon.The transmission link cooperating with the pinion advantageously consists of a chain connected on the one hand, to the handle by means of a first cord and on the other hand, to the winding device by means of a second cord, the chain meshing the pinion.
L'organe de transmission est avantageusement constitué par un arbre de transmission, coopérant avec le volant d'inertie au moyen d'un galet presseur, positionné à l'extrémité supérieure de l'arbre de transmission et en contact avec le volant d'inertie.The transmission member advantageously consists of a transmission shaft, cooperating with the flywheel by means of a pressure roller, positioned at the upper end of the transmission shaft and in contact with the flywheel .
Cet arbre de transmission est maintenu au châssis par l'intermédiaire d'un bras de soutien.This drive shaft is held to the chassis by means of a support arm.
Selon encore une variante de l'appareil de navigation nautique selon l'invention, l'hélice est escamotable sous le châssis.According to yet another variant of the nautical navigation device according to the invention, the propeller is retractable under the chassis.
L'escamotage de l'hélice se fait par l'intermédiaire d'une genouillère, reliant le bras de soutien au châssis, cette genouillère étant manœuvrée par l'utilisateur au moyen d'une poignée reliée à un câble, la manœuvre consistant dans le repliage de la genouillère. L'appareil selon l'invention peut comprendre avantageusement un mécanisme permettant d'inverser le sens de rotation de l'hélice, lorsque cet appareil est utilisé avec les moyens de propulsion par l'énergie musculaire, ce mécanisme étant mis en œuvre par l'utilisateur au moyen de la poignée d'escamotage de l'hélice.The propeller is retracted by means of a toggle, connecting the support arm to the chassis, this toggle being operated by the user by means of a handle connected to a cable, the operation consisting in the folding the kneepad. The apparatus according to the invention may advantageously comprise a mechanism making it possible to reverse the direction of rotation of the propeller, when this apparatus is used with the means of propulsion by muscular energy, this mechanism being implemented by user by means of the propeller retraction handle.
Ce mécanisme est constitué essentiellement par un galet intermédiaire, en contact avec le galet presseur, disposé sur un axe parallèle à l'arbre de transmission, cet axe parallèle étant relié à l'arbre de transmission par l'intermédiaire d'un bras porteur, de façon à ce que le galet intermédiaire pivote autour du galet presseur et vienne se positionner entre le galet presseur et le volant d'inertie, de manière à ce que le galet presseur soit entraîné à contre-sens par le galet intermédiaire, lui-même entraîné par le volant d'inertie, l'espace ménagé entre le volant d'inertie et le galet presseur et permettant le positionnement dudit galet intermédiaire, étant obtenu par l'escamotage partiel de l'hélice.This mechanism consists essentially of an intermediate roller, in contact with the pressure roller, disposed on an axis parallel to the transmission shaft, this parallel axis being connected to the transmission shaft by means of a support arm, so that the intermediate roller pivots around the pressure roller and comes to be positioned between the pressure roller and the flywheel, so that the pressure roller is driven in the opposite direction by the intermediate roller, itself driven by the flywheel, the space provided between the flywheel and the pressure roller and allowing the positioning of said intermediate roller, being obtained by the partial retraction of the propeller.
Selon encore une variante, l'appareil selon l'invention comprend également un mécanisme de changement de vitesse, lorsqu'il est utilisé avec les moyens de propulsion par l'énergie musculaire. Ce mécanisme de changement de vitesse est constitué par un axe secondaire, disposé parallèlement à l'axe du volant d'inertie, cet axe secondaire portant un pignon identique à celui de l'axe du volant d'inertie et engrené par la chaîne en sens inverse, et au moins un pignon supplémentaire, dit pignon de démultiplication, en contact avec au moins une roue d'engrenage solidaire de l'axe du volant d'inertie, le pignon de démultiplication étant embrayé sur l'axe secondaire, par l'intermédiaire d'une fourchette d'embrayage.According to yet another variant, the apparatus according to the invention also comprises a speed change mechanism, when used with the means of propulsion by muscular energy. This speed change mechanism is constituted by a secondary axis, arranged parallel to the axis of the flywheel, this secondary axis carrying a pinion identical to that of the axis of the flywheel and meshed by the chain in direction. reverse, and at least one additional pinion, called reduction gear, in contact with at least one gear wheel secured to the axis of the flywheel, the reduction gear being engaged on the secondary axis, by the through a clutch fork.
Préférentiellement, les flotteurs de l'appareil de navigation nautique sont gonflables. Avantageusement, les moyens de propulsion par énergie éolienne sont essentiellement constitués par au moins un mât et une bôme recevant une voile.Preferably, the floats of the nautical navigation device are inflatable. Advantageously, the means of propulsion by wind energy essentially consist of at least one mast and one boom receiving a sail.
Selon encore une variante de l'invention, le châssis comprend une plateforme de commande et facultativement une plate-forme libre, la plate-forme de commande constituant un module, au moins deux modules pouvant être assemblés pour former un appareil comportant au moins deux postes de production de mouvement et de commande, et pouvant être manœuvré par au moins deux utilisateurs simultanément.According to yet another variant of the invention, the chassis comprises a control platform and optionally a free platform, the control platform constituting a module, at least two modules which can be assembled to form an apparatus comprising at least two stations motion production and control, and can be operated by at least two users simultaneously.
Les buts, objets et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront mieux à la lecture de la description faite en référence aux dessins dans lesquels :The aims, objects and characteristics of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the description made with reference to the drawings in which:
La figure 1 représente une vue de trois-quarts de l'appareil de navigation nautique selon l'invention.Figure 1 shows a three-quarter view of the nautical navigation device according to the invention.
La figure 2 représente une vue de dessus de l'appareil de navigation nautique selon l'invention.FIG. 2 represents a top view of the nautical navigation device according to the invention.
La figure 3 représente une coupe longitudinale partielle selon l'axe III-III, de l'appareil de navigation nautique selon l'invention, représenté à la figure 2. La figure 4 représente une coupe longitudinale partielle agrandie, identique à celle de la figure 3, d'une variante de l'appareil de navigation nautique comportant un mécanisme de marche arrière.3 shows a partial longitudinal section along the axis III-III of the nautical navigation device according to the invention, shown in Figure 2. Figure 4 shows an enlarged partial longitudinal section, identical to that of the figure 3, of a variant of the nautical navigation device comprising a reverse mechanism.
La figure 5 représente une vue de trois-quarts de l'appareil de navigation nautique selon l'invention, comportant également un moyen de propulsion par énergie éolienne.FIG. 5 represents a three-quarter view of the nautical navigation device according to the invention, also comprising a means of propulsion by wind energy.
L'appareil de navigation nautique, représenté sur la figure 1, comporte deux flotteurs 10 et 12, solidaires d'un châssis 14, de type châssis tubulaire. Les flotteurs 10 et 12 sont, selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, de type gonflable. Le châssis 14 porte un siège 16, coulissant sur deux rails parallèles 18 et 20. Sur la partie supérieure avant du châssis tubulaire 14, est disposé un repose-pied 22, jouant le rôle de palonnier et commandant directement un gouvernail 24, fixé dans son prolongement sur un tube d'emmanchement 25. Devant le siège, est disposée une poignée 26 reliée à un cordon et permettant à l'utilisateur de l'appareil de navigation nautique selon l'invention d'actionner les moyens de propulsion (non représentés).The nautical navigation device, shown in FIG. 1, comprises two floats 10 and 12, integral with a chassis 14, of the tubular chassis type. The floats 10 and 12 are, according to a preferred embodiment, of the inflatable type. The chassis 14 carries a seat 16, sliding on two parallel rails 18 and 20. On the upper front part of the tubular chassis 14, is arranged a footrest 22, playing the role of lifter and directly controlling a rudder 24, fixed in its extension on a tube fitting 25. In front of the seat, is arranged a handle 26 connected to a cord and allowing the user of the nautical navigation device according to the invention to actuate the propulsion means (not shown).
La vue de dessus représentée à la figure 2 permet de mieux appréhender l'invention. Les flotteurs 10 et 12 sont fixés au châssis 14 par l'intermédiaire d'un système d'anneaux et d'étrier 26. Une tringle (non représentée) est enfilée dans les anneaux de manière à venir bloquer les anneaux dans les étriers. Cette tringle est retenue de chaque côté par une goupille de manière à empêcher tout mouvement de sa part. Le châssis 14 est constitué de deux parties. Une partie avant 14a constituant la plate-forme de commande est porteuse de tout le mécanisme permettant de produire les mouvements et de commander l'appareil. Une partie arrière 14b constitue une plateforme de détente permettant à l'utilisateur de s'allonger ou d'entreposer des affaires. Pour ce faire, le châssis porte un plancher 28, partiellement représenté, constitué par un filet tendu ou un matériau dur permettant à l'utilisateur de se déplacer sur l'appareil de navigation nautique.The top view shown in Figure 2 provides a better understanding of the invention. The floats 10 and 12 are fixed to the chassis 14 by means of a system of rings and stirrup 26. A rod (not shown) is threaded in the rings so as to come and block the rings in the stirrups. This rod is retained on each side by a pin so as to prevent any movement on its part. The chassis 14 is made up of two parts. A front part 14a constituting the control platform carries the entire mechanism for producing the movements and controlling the device. A rear part 14b constitutes a relaxation platform allowing the user to lie down or store business. To do this, the chassis carries a floor 28, partially shown, consisting of a taut net or a hard material allowing the user to move on the nautical navigation device.
La plate-forme de commande porte deux profilés 30 et 32, positionnés longitudinalement dans la partie centrale de la plate-forme. Sur ces profilés sont fixés les rails (18 et 20) sur lesquels vient coulisser le siège 16. Comme représenté sur la figure 2 et 3, sous la plate-forme de commande se trouve une roue libre 34, constituant un volant d'inertie grâce à la présence de lest régulièrement réparti à la périphérie de la roue. Ce volant d'inertie tourne autour d'un axe 36, fixé au châssis par l'intermédiaire de quatre bras porteurs 38, 40, 42 et 44, fixés aux quatre coins de la plate-forme de commande 14a. Le volant d'inertie 34 est relié à la poignée 26, par l'intermédiaire d'un cordon 46, dont une extrémité est reliée à la poignée 26 et l'autre extrémité est reliée à une extrémité d'une chaîne 48 engrenant un pignon 50, de type roue libre, fixé sur l'axe 36, sous le volant d'inertie 34. L'autre extrémité de la chaîne 48 rejoint, par l'intermédiaire d'un second cordon 51, un enrouleur automatique 52. Le cordon 46 est repris, à l'avant du châssis, par une poulie 54 fixée au châssis, et émerge au-dessus de ce dernier entre le repose-pied 22 et le siège 16.The control platform carries two profiles 30 and 32, positioned longitudinally in the central part of the platform. On these profiles are fixed the rails (18 and 20) on which slides the seat 16. As shown in Figure 2 and 3, under the control platform is a free wheel 34, constituting a flywheel through the presence of ballast regularly distributed around the periphery of the wheel. This flywheel rotates around an axis 36, fixed to the chassis by means of four carrying arms 38, 40, 42 and 44, fixed to the four corners of the control platform 14a. The flywheel 34 is connected to the handle 26, by means of a cord 46, one end of which is connected to the handle 26 and the other end of which is connected to one end of a chain 48 meshing with a pinion 50, of the freewheel type, fixed on the axle 36, under the flywheel 34. The other end of the chain 48 joins, by means of a second cord 51, an automatic winder 52. The cord 46 is taken up, at the front of the chassis, by a pulley 54 fixed to the chassis, and emerges above the latter between the footrest 22 and the seat 16.
A l'arrière du châssis, est fixée une hélice 55 par l'intermédiaire d'un bras de soutien 56. Cette hélice 55 est entraînée en rotation par un arbre de transmission 58. L'extrémité supérieure de cet arbre 58, se termine par un galet presseur 60, qui est en contact avec le volant d'inertie 34. Une genouillère 62, relie le bras d'hélice 56 au châssis 14, au niveau de l'axe 36. Cette genouillère permet d'escamoter l'hélice, selon une variante de l'appareil de navigation nautique décrite infra.At the rear of the chassis, a propeller 55 is fixed by means of a support arm 56. This propeller 55 is rotated by a transmission shaft 58. The upper end of this shaft 58, ends with a pressure roller 60, which is in contact with the flywheel 34. A knee lever 62, connects the propeller arm 56 to the chassis 14, at the axis 36. This toggle allows the propeller to be retracted, according to a variant of the nautical navigation device described below.
Ainsi, pour faire avancer l'appareil de navigation nautique selon l'invention, l'utilisateur tire sur la poignée 26 à l'aide de ses bras et pousse sur ses jambes en s'appuyant sur le repose-pied. Le siège 16 effectue alors un mouvement de translation arrière en coulissant sur les rails 18 et 20. Le volant d'inertie 34 est entraîné en rotation par la chaîne 48 qui engrène le pignon 50. Le volant d'inertie 34 transmet ce mouvement rotatoire au galet presseur 60 qui le transmet à l'hélice 55, par l'intermédiaire de l'arbre de transmission 58. Une fois arrivé en bout de course, le cordon 46 est rappelé en arrière et la poignée 26 est rappelée dans sa position de départ, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif enrouleur 52 qui rappelle le cordon 51. L'utilisateur revient à sa position d'origine par translation avant du siège 16 qui coulisse sur les rails 18 et 20. Le volant d'inertie 34 continue à tourner autour de son axe, grâce à l'inertie produite par le lest. Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 2 et 3, le gouvernail 24 est disposé à l'avant du châssis 14. Celui-ci est emboîté dans le tube d'emmanchement 25, duquel il ne peut pas sortir. Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, le repose-pied 22 est solidaire des profilés 30 et 32, au moyen de deux tubes 33 et 35, auxquels il est fixé, qui coulissent à l'intérieur de ces profilés, ce qui permet de déplacer le repose-pied en translation longitudinale par rapport aux profilés 30 et 32. Tel qu'il est représenté sur les figures 2 et 3, le repose-pied se trouve positionné à la verticale du tube d'emmanchement 25 de telle sorte que le gouvernail 25 vient directement se fixer sur le repose-pied par un système à goupille, en traversant le tube d'emmanchement 25. Le repose-pied peut bouger en rotation autour d'un axe vertical situé au centre de celui-ci. L'utilisateur se sert alors du repose-pied comme palonnier pour bouger le gouvernail et guider l'appareil selon l'invention.Thus, to advance the nautical navigation device according to the invention, the user pulls on the handle 26 with the aid of his arms and pushes on his legs while resting on the footrest. The seat 16 then performs a rear translational movement by sliding on the rails 18 and 20. The flywheel 34 is rotated by the chain 48 which engages the pinion 50. The flywheel 34 transmits this rotary movement to the pressure roller 60 which transmits it to the propeller 55, via the transmission shaft 58. Once it has reached the end of its travel, the cord 46 is returned to the rear and the handle 26 is returned to its starting position , via a winding device 52 which recalls the cord 51. The user returns to its original position by forward translation of the seat 16 which slides on the rails 18 and 20. The flywheel 34 continues to turn around its axis, thanks to the inertia produced by the ballast. As can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, the rudder 24 is disposed at the front of the chassis 14. The latter is fitted into the fitting tube 25, from which it cannot come out. According to a preferred embodiment, the footrest 22 is integral with the sections 30 and 32, by means of two tubes 33 and 35, to which it is fixed, which slide inside these sections, which makes it possible to move the footrest in longitudinal translation relative to the profiles 30 and 32. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the footrest is positioned vertically on the fitting tube 25 so that the rudder 25 is directly fixed to the footrest by a pin system, crossing the fitting tube 25. The footrest can move in rotation around a vertical axis located in the center thereof. The user then uses the footrest as a spreader to move the rudder and guide the device according to the invention.
Une variante de l'appareil dispose d'un mécanisme permettant d'inverser le sens de rotation de l'hélice. Ce mécanisme est lié au mécanisme de fonctionnement de l'hélice. Tel qu'on peut le voir sur la figure 4, un galet supplémentaire 64, appelé galet intermédiaire, est disposé à l'extrémité supérieure de l'arbre de transmission 58. Ce galet intermédiaire 64 est relié à l'arbre de transmission 58 par le biais d'un bras porteur 66. Ce galet est en rotation libre autour d'un axe fixé au bras porteur 66. Le bras porteur 66, préférentiellement en forme de croissant, est mobile en rotation autour de l'arbre de transmission 58, de telle sorte que le galet intermédiaire 64 pivote autour du galet presseur 60. Un ressort de rappel (non représenté), fixé au bras porteur 66, maintient ce dernier, et donc le galet intermédiaire 64, en position de repos sur le côté du galet presseur 60.A variant of the device has a mechanism for reversing the direction of rotation of the propeller. This mechanism is linked to the operating mechanism of the propeller. As can be seen in FIG. 4, an additional roller 64, called the intermediate roller, is disposed at the upper end of the transmission shaft 58. This intermediate roller 64 is connected to the transmission shaft 58 by through a carrier arm 66. This roller is in free rotation around an axis fixed to the carrier arm 66. The carrier arm 66, preferably in the form of a crescent, is movable in rotation around the transmission shaft 58, so that the intermediate roller 64 pivots around the pressure roller 60. A return spring (not shown), fixed to the support arm 66, maintains this last, and therefore the intermediate roller 64, in the rest position on the side of the pressure roller 60.
Afin de ménager un espace entre le galet presseur est la roue d'inertie 34, le bras d'hélice 56 pivote autour d'un axe horizontal transversal 68 qui maintient ce dernier au châssis. Ce pivotement est permis par le biais de la genouillère 62, constituée par un bras articulé. L'utilisateur de l'appareil selon l'invention agit sur la genouillère 62 grâce à une poignée indépendante (non représentée), reliée à la genouillère par un câble. La poignée est fixée au châssis de façon à être facilement accessible pour l'utilisateur. En tirant sur cette poignée, l'utilisateur plie la genouillère, ce qui entraîne l'escamotage de l'hélice. Le câble d'escamotage de l'hélice porte un ergot qui, lorsque l'utilisateur tire sur la poignée, effectue un mouvement de translation et vient buter contre un autre ergot fixé sur un dispositif en demi-lune, relié au châssis par l'intermédiaire d'un axe permettant sa rotation et se trouvant sur le chemin du câble d'escamotage. La translation de l'ergot fixé sur le câble d'escamotage entraîne le déplacement en rotation du dispositif en demi-lune autour de son axe par l'intermédiaire de l'ergot qu'il porte. Le dispositif en demi-lune étant relié au bras porteur 66 au moyen d'un câble, la rotation de cette dernière induit un mouvement de translation de ce câble qui induit le pivotement du bras porteur 66, autour de l'arbre de transmission 58 et donc un pivotement du galet intermédiaire 64 par rapport au galet presseur 60. Par action de l'utilisateur sur la poignée d'escamotage de l'hélice, le galet presseur 60 se décolle du volant d'inertie 34 par le mouvement d'escamotage de l'hélice, alors que le galet intermédiaire 64 vient simultanément se positionner entre le volant d'inertie 34 et le galet presseur 60. Un système de cran, au niveau de la demi-lune, limite le mouvement de rotation de cette dernière, et donc limite dans un premier temps, la course du câble d'escamotage de l'hélice, de manière à ce que l'espace aménagé entre le volant d'inertie 34 et le galet presseur 60 lors du pivotement du bras de soutien 56 autour de son axe horizontal transversal, corresponde plus ou moins au diamètre du galet intermédiaire 64.In order to provide a space between the pressure roller and the flywheel 34, the propeller arm 56 pivots about a horizontal transverse axis 68 which holds the latter to the chassis. This pivoting is allowed by means of the toggle joint 62, constituted by an articulated arm. The user of the device according to the invention acts on the knee switch 62 by means of an independent handle (not shown), connected to the knee switch by a cable. The handle is attached to the chassis so that it is easily accessible to the user. By pulling on this handle, the user folds the toggle joint, which causes the propeller to retract. The propeller retraction cable carries a lug which, when the user pulls on the handle, performs a translational movement and abuts against another lug fixed on a half-moon device, connected to the chassis by the intermediate of an axis allowing its rotation and being on the path of the retracting cable. The translation of the lug fixed on the retraction cable causes the device to rotate in the form of a half-moon around its axis by means of the lug that it carries. The half-moon device being connected to the support arm 66 by means of a cable, the rotation of the latter induces a translational movement of this cable which induces the pivoting of the support arm 66, around the transmission shaft 58 and therefore a pivoting of the intermediate roller 64 relative to the pressure roller 60. By action of the user on the retraction handle of the propeller, the pressure roller 60 comes off from the flywheel 34 by the retraction movement of the propeller, while the intermediate roller 64 is simultaneously positioned between the flywheel 34 and the pressure roller 60. A notch system, at the level of the half-moon, limits the rotational movement of the latter, and therefore initially limits the travel of the retraction cable of the propeller, so that the space provided between the flywheel 34 and the pressure roller 60 during the pivoting of the support arm 56 around its transverse horizontal axis, corresponds pl us or less to the diameter of the intermediate roller 64.
Une fois le galet intermédiaire dans cette position, l'utilisateur peut reprendre ces mouvements de rameur afin d'entraîner la rotation du volant d'inertie 34. Ce dernier entraîne le galet intermédiaire 64 en rotation, qui à son tour entraîne la rotation du galet presseur 60. Toutefois, la rotation de ce dernier se fait dans le sens inverse, par rapport à la rotation engendrée par le volant d'inertie 34, lorsque le galet presseur 60 est directement en contact avec lui. De ce fait, l'hélice tourne également en sens inverse. Ce mécanisme permet, d'une part, à l'utilisateur de freiner le déplacement de l'appareil de navigation nautique, lorsqu'il le juge nécessaire. Il permet d'autre part à l'utilisateur de propulser l'appareil en sens inverse du sens normal de marche, afin notamment de pouvoir manœuvrer. La traction exercée par l'hélice lorsqu'elle tourne en sens inverse, induit une pression du galet presseur contre le galet intermédiaire, par le biais du bras de soutien 56 et de l'arbre de transmission 58. Cette pression permet de plaquer le galet intermédiaire contre le volant d'inertie et donc d'obtenir un rendement de fonctionnement optimal.Once the intermediate roller in this position, the user can resume these rowing movements in order to cause the rotation of the flywheel 34. The latter drives the intermediate roller 64 in rotation, which in turn causes the rotation of the roller presser 60. However, the rotation of the latter is in the opposite direction, relative to the rotation generated by the flywheel 34, when the pressure roller 60 is directly in contact with it. As a result, the propeller also rotates in the opposite direction. This mechanism allows, on the one hand, the user to brake the movement of the nautical navigation device, when he deems it necessary. It also allows the user to propel the device in the opposite direction to the normal direction of travel, in particular to be able to maneuver. The traction exerted by the propeller when it rotates in the opposite direction, induces a pressure of the pressure roller against the intermediate roller, by means of the support arm 56 and the transmission shaft 58. This pressure makes it possible to press the roller intermediate against the flywheel and therefore to obtain optimal operating efficiency.
Sur la figure 4, est représenté en écorché, le boîtier étanche dans lequel se trouve le système de transmission du mouvement de rotation de l'arbre de transmission 58 à l'hélice 55. Cette transmission se fait par l'intermédiaire d'un couple conique 70.In Figure 4, is shown in cutaway, the sealed housing in which is the system for transmitting the rotational movement of the transmission shaft 58 to the propeller 55. This transmission is done by means of a torque conical 70.
Pour replier complètement l'hélice, l'utilisateur tire sur la poignée d'escamotage de l'hélice jusqu'à bout de course. De ce fait, le câble fixé à la genouillère reprend sa course. L'ergot fixé sur ce câble entraîne alors une rotation plus importante du dispositif en demi-lune jusqu'à ce que l'ergot fixé sur ce dispositif saute au-delà de l'ergot du câble et ne soit plus retenu par celui-ci. Le dispositif en demi-lune reprend alors sa position initiale, ce qui induit un retour à la position de repos du bras porteur 66 et du galet intermédiaire 64, grâce au ressort de rappel. Le câble d'escamotage entraîne la genouillère jusqu'à ce que celle-ci soit complètement repliée. En effet, ce câble est guidé dans une première poulie fixée au niveau de l'articulation centrale de la genouillère, puis circule dans une deuxième poulie située à l'extrémité supérieure de la genouillère, puis vient se fixer à son extrémité inférieure. Ainsi, le câble d'escamotage va dans un premier temps replier l'articulation centrale jusqu'à ce que le demi-bras supérieur soit plaqué contre le châssis. Le câble va alors tirer sur l'extrémité inférieure de la genouillère par l'intermédiaire de la poulie fixée à l'extrémité supérieure, de telle sorte que le demi-bras inférieur va venir se replier sur le demi-bras supérieur. Le bras de soutien 56 et l'arbre de transmission 58 se retrouvent alors plaqués sous le châssis. L'utilisateur bloque alors la poignée dans un emplacement prévu à cet effet. Ce système d'escamotage de l'hélice est particulièrement utilisé lorsque l'appareil est en approche d'un rivage ou de manière générale lorsque le niveau de l'eau est peu important.To completely fold the propeller, the user pulls on the propeller retracting handle until it stops. As a result, the cable attached to the knee lifter resumes its course. The lug fixed on this cable then causes a greater rotation of the device in a half-moon until the lug fixed on this device jumps beyond the lug of the cable and is no longer retained by it . The half-moon device then returns to its initial position, which induces a return to the rest position of the carrier arm 66 and the intermediate roller 64, thanks to the return spring. The retracting cable drives the toggle until it is fully folded. Indeed, this cable is guided in a first pulley fixed at the central articulation of the toggle joint, then circulates in a second pulley located at the upper end of the toggle joint, then comes to be fixed at its lower end. Thus, the retracting cable will initially fold the central joint until the upper half-arm is pressed against the chassis. The cable will then pull on the lower end of the toggle joint via the pulley attached to the upper end, so that the lower half-arm will come back to fold on the upper half-arm. The support arm 56 and the transmission shaft 58 are then pressed against the chassis. The user then locks the handle in a space provided for this purpose. This propeller retraction system is particularly used when the aircraft is approaching a shore or generally when the water level is low.
La manœuvre en sens inverse de la poignée d'escamotage permet de déplier l'hélice. La séquence des étapes vues supra se fait alors en sens inverse. Ainsi, il est possible de revenir en position de rotation inverse de l'hélice ou de revenir directement en position normale. Afin de tendre complètement la genouillère et ainsi de maintenir l'arbre de transmission 58 et le bras de soutien 56 en position verticale, un câble est fixé sous l'articulation centrale de la genouillère. Ce câble est relié à une poignée qui se trouve au voisinage de la poignée d'escamotage de l'hélice. L'utilisateur, en tirant sur cette poignée et en la bloquant dans cette position, exerce une tension verticale dirigée vers le bas, sur l'articulation centrale de la genouillère, de telle sorte que celle-ci va se retrouver en extension maximale. La poignée de tension de la genouillère devra être préalablement libérée, avant d'escamoter l'hélice.The reverse movement of the retracting handle allows the propeller to be unfolded. The sequence of steps seen above is then done in reverse. Thus, it is possible to return to the reverse rotation position of the propeller or to return directly to the normal position. In order to fully tension the toggle and thus maintain the drive shaft 58 and the support arm 56 in a vertical position, a cable is fixed under the central articulation of the toggle. This cable is connected to a handle which located in the vicinity of the propeller retraction handle. The user, by pulling on this handle and blocking it in this position, exerts a vertical tension directed downwards on the central articulation of the toggle joint, so that it will end up in maximum extension. The tensioning handle of the toggle joint must be released beforehand, before retracting the propeller.
Selon une autre variante, l'appareil de navigation nautique selon l'invention peut disposer d'un mécanisme de changement de vitesse (non représenté). Selon cette variante, un axe secondaire est fixé sur le châssis, au voisinage de l'axe et parallèle à celui-ci. L'axe de roue 36 dispose d'au moins une roue d'engrenage supplémentaire de plus grand diamètre et solidaire de celui-ci, située sous le pignon 50. L'axe secondaire porte un pignon, de type roue libre, identique au pignon 50 mais engrené par la chaîne 48 en sens inverse. Cet axe porte également un deuxième pignon, dit pignon de démultiplication, d'un diamètre plus important et totalement libre par rapport à son axe. Ce pignon de démultiplication est rendu solidaire de l'axe secondaire au moyen d'une fourchette d'embrayage qui, lorsqu'elle est actionnée par l'utilisateur, effectue un mouvement de translation le long de l'axe et vient entraîner la rotation du pignon de démultiplication par friction, au moyen d'un disque qui vient se coller contre ce dernier. La démultiplication obtenue étant très importante, la vitesse de rotation du pignon 50 n'est plus suffisante pour entraîner le volant d'inertie (34) et ce pignon se retrouve en roue libre. Le volant d'inertie (34) est alors entraîné par le pignon de démultiplication de l'axe secondaire, qui tourne beaucoup plus vite et collabore avec la roue d'engrenage, ce qui permet d'obtenir une vitesse de déplacement de l'appareil plus importante.According to another variant, the nautical navigation device according to the invention may have a speed change mechanism (not shown). According to this variant, a secondary axis is fixed to the chassis, in the vicinity of the axis and parallel to it. The wheel axle 36 has at least one additional gear wheel of larger diameter and integral with it, located under the pinion 50. The secondary axle carries a pinion, of the free wheel type, identical to the pinion 50 but engaged by the chain 48 in the opposite direction. This axis also carries a second pinion, called reduction gear, of a larger diameter and completely free relative to its axis. This reduction gear is made integral with the secondary axis by means of a clutch fork which, when actuated by the user, performs a translational movement along the axis and causes the rotation of the reduction gear by friction, by means of a disc which comes to stick against the latter. The reduction obtained being very large, the speed of rotation of the pinion 50 is no longer sufficient to drive the flywheel (34) and this pinion is found coasting. The flywheel (34) is then driven by the gear pinion of the secondary axis, which rotates much faster and collaborates with the gear wheel, which makes it possible to obtain a speed of movement of the device. more important.
Encore une autre variante de l'invention, consiste à pourvoir l'appareil de navigation nautique d'un moyen de propulsion par énergie éolienne. Ce moyen de propulsion est essentiellement constitué par un gréement. Un exemple de cet appareil est représenté sur la figure 5. Cet appareil "à voile" est de conception identique à celui ayant fait l'objet de la description supra. Toutefois certaines caractéristiques peuvent être adaptées à ce mode de propulsion. Ainsi, des safrans 72 et 74 peuvent être fixés à l'arrière des flotteurs 10 et 12. Ces safrans sont commandés directement par l'utilisateur au moyen d'une barre 76. Le mât 80 peut être d'un seul bloc ou constitué de plusieurs éléments emmanchés les uns dans les autres. Ces éléments peuvent être en matériau composite. La voile 82 est préférentiellement de type voile de planche à voile. Elle comporte une gaine qui permet de l'enfiler sur le mât. Une bôme 84 est fixée au mât et permet de tenir le bord inférieur de la voile. Cette bôme peut être constituée d'un seul élément ou de plusieurs éléments emmanchés les uns dans les autres. Ces éléments peuvent être, également, en matériau composite. Le mât 80 est emmanché dans le tube d'emmanchement 25 à la place du repose-pied 22. Pour ce faire, le repose-pied 22 est désolidarisé du gouvernail. Puis, il est rétracté par l'utilisateur par coulissement des tubes 33 et 35 dans les profilés 30 et 32. Le gouvernail est alors fixé au tube d'emmanchement de manière à servir de quille de dérive.Yet another variant of the invention consists in providing the nautical navigation device with a means of propulsion by wind energy. This means of propulsion consists essentially of rigging. An example of this device is shown in FIG. 5. This “sail” device is of identical design to that which has been the subject of the description above. However, certain characteristics can be adapted to this mode of propulsion. Thus, rudders 72 and 74 can be fixed to the rear of the floats 10 and 12. These rudders are controlled directly by the user by means of a bar 76. The mast 80 can be in one piece or made up of several elements fitted into each other. These elements can be made of composite material. The sail 82 is preferably of the windsurfing sail type. It has a sheath which allows it to be put on the mast. A boom 84 is fixed to the mast and makes it possible to hold the lower edge of the sail. This boom may consist of a single element or of several elements fitted into each other. These elements can also be made of composite material. The mast 80 is fitted into the fitting tube 25 in place of the footrest 22. To do this, the footrest 22 is detached from the rudder. Then, it is retracted by the user by sliding the tubes 33 and 35 in the sections 30 and 32. The rudder is then fixed to the fitting tube so as to serve as a fin keel.
Afin de faciliter la manœuvre de l'appareil de navigation nautique en configuration voile, le siège 16, les rails 18 et 20 fixés sur les profilés 30 et 32, ainsi que le repose-pied 22 constituent une platine mobile qui peut effectuer un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe 36, d'une position longitudinale jusqu'à une position transversale, dans un sens et dans l'autre. La poignée 26 reste fixée à l'avant du châssis sur un support prévu à cet effet. Par ce biais, l'utilisateur peut se mettre dans la position la plus pratique pour la manœuvre de l'appareil, notamment de la voile et des safrans. Cette position permet ainsi à l'utilisateur, d'assurer le rappel (contre-gite) dans des conditions confortables, en restant assis Un système de fixation permet d'immobiliser la platine dans la position longitudinale ou dans une position transversale, évitant ainsi des mouvements intempestifs de la platine qui pourraient s'avérer dangereux pour l'utilisateur. De même, en configuration voile, le repose-pied est maintenu fixe tant au niveau du coulissement des tubes 33 et 35 dans les profilés 30 et 32, qu'au niveau de la rotation verticale permettant son utilisation comme palonnier. Selon un exemple de réalisation, les moyens de fixation de ces différents éléments mobiles sont constitués par des systèmes à goupille.In order to facilitate the operation of the nautical navigation device in sail configuration, the seat 16, the rails 18 and 20 fixed on the sections 30 and 32, as well as the footrest 22 constitute a movable plate which can carry out a movement of rotation about the axis 36, from a longitudinal position to a transverse position, in one direction and in the other. The handle 26 remains fixed to the front of the chassis on a support provided for this purpose. By this means, the user can put himself in the most practical position for maneuvering the apparatus, in particular the sail and the rudders. This position thus allows the user to ensure the return (contra-gite) in comfortable conditions, while sitting. A fixing system makes it possible to immobilize the plate in the longitudinal position or in a transverse position, thus avoiding inadvertent movements of the plate which could prove dangerous for the user. Similarly, in sail configuration, the footrest is kept fixed both at the sliding of the tubes 33 and 35 in the sections 30 and 32, as at the vertical rotation allowing its use as a spreader. According to an exemplary embodiment, the means for fixing these various mobile elements are constituted by pin systems.
A tout moment, l'utilisateur peut revenir au mode de propulsion par énergie musculaire. Il lui suffit d'enlever le mât et la voile, de démonter les différents éléments et de les arrimer sur la plate-forme, le long d'un flotteur. Il remobilise le gouvernail en le fixant au repose-pied et remet l'hélice en position basse. La barre et les safrans sont laissés libres puisque la commande directionnelle de l'appareil se fait à nouveau par l'intermédiaire du gouvernail.At any time, the user can return to the mode of propulsion by muscular energy. He just has to remove the mast and the sail, dismantle the different elements and stow them on the platform, along a float. He remobilizes the rudder by fixing it to the footrest and returns the propeller to the low position. The bar and the rudders are left free since the directional control of the device is done again via the rudder.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'appareil de navigation nautique peut recevoir une configuration à plusieurs utilisateurs. En effet, la plate-forme de commande 14a, peut être dissociée de la plate-forme de détente et constituer ainsi un module indépendant. De même, les flotteurs peuvent être constitués de plusieurs éléments indépendants. Ainsi, selon ce mode de réalisation, plusieurs plates-formes de commande peuvent être assemblées les unes aux autres. De même, des flotteurs de longueur suffisante peuvent être obtenus par l'assemblage des éléments les constituant. Ainsi, l'appareil obtenu est manœuvré simultanément par plusieurs utilisateurs. Chaque utilisateur dispose de moyens de propulsion par énergie musculaire. Par contre, seul un utilisateur dispose de moyens de commande directionnelle par palonnier. L'appareil selon l'invention peut recevoir un ou plusieurs moyens de propulsion par énergie éolienne, tel que représenté sur la figure 5. Dans cette configuration, les safrans sont commandés par l'utilisateur qui se trouve à l'arrière de l'appareil. L'appareil de navigation nautique selon l'invention comporte donc un grand nombre de solutions techniques rendant sont utilisation facile, pratique et ludique. En effet, sa conception le rend facilement transportable. Les moyens de propulsion par énergie musculaire mis en oeuvre permettent d'obtenir un bon rendement lorsque l'on compare l'énergie dépensée à la vitesse de propulsion obtenue. Contrairement à des appareils utilisant des moyens de propulsion classiques à rame, l'utilisateur est orienté dans le sens de la propulsion, ce qui rend l'appareil selon l'invention d'autant plus sûr à utiliser. L'utilisateur peut, à tout moment et très rapidement, changer de mode de propulsion. Quel que soit le mode propulsion choisi, la mise en œuvre de ces moyens de propulsion se fait dans des conditions optimales tant sur le plan de la praticité que sur celui de la sécurité. According to another embodiment, the nautical navigation device can receive a configuration for several users. Indeed, the control platform 14a can be separated from the expansion platform and thus constitute an independent module. Similarly, the floats can be made up of several independent elements. Thus, according to this embodiment, several control platforms can be assembled together. Similarly, floats of sufficient length can be obtained by assembling the elements constituting them. Thus, the device obtained is operated simultaneously by several users. Each user has means of propulsion by muscular energy. However, only one user has directional control means by spreader. The apparatus according to the invention can receive one or more means of propulsion by wind energy, as shown in FIG. 5. In this configuration, the rudders are controlled by the user who is at the rear of the apparatus . The nautical navigation device according to the invention therefore comprises a large number of technical solutions making their use easy, practical and fun. Indeed, its design makes it easily transportable. The means of propulsion by muscular energy used make it possible to obtain good efficiency when comparing the energy expended with the propulsion speed obtained. Unlike devices using conventional rowing propulsion means, the user is oriented in the direction of propulsion, which makes the device according to the invention all the safer to use. The user can change the propulsion mode at any time and very quickly. Whatever the propulsion mode chosen, the implementation of these propulsion means is carried out under optimal conditions both in terms of practicality and in terms of safety.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Appareil de navigation nautique, comprenant un châssis (14) relié à au moins deux flotteurs (10 et 12), des moyens d'entraînement, des moyens de propulsion, et des moyens de commande directionnelle, lesdits moyens d'entraînement produisant des mouvements grâce à l'énergie musculaire, développée par un utilisateur assis sur un siège (16) coulissant sur deux rails (18 et 20), parallèles, longitudinaux et solidaires dudit châssis, amplifiant ces mouvements et les transmettant aux dits moyens de propulsion, ledit appareil de navigation nautique étant caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens d'entraînement comprennent essentiellement au moins une poignée (26), destinée à être saisie et tirée par l'utilisateur, de préférence, en mouvement sur le siège (16), ladite poignée étant solidaire d'une extrémité d'au moins un lien de transmission coopérant avec au moins un pignon (50), l'autre extrémité de ce lien de transmission étant reliée à un dispositif enrouleur (52), ce pignon (50) entraînant en rotation un axe (36) portant une roue libre (34), constituant un volant d'inertie, le mouvement rotatoire du volant d'inertie (34) étant transmis aux dits moyens de propulsion, qui sont de type hydraulique et qui comprennent essentiellement au moins une hélice (55) entraînable en rotation au moyen d'au moins un organe de transmission, maintenu au châssis et coopérant avec ledit volant d'inertie, et en ce que les moyens de commande directionnelle comprennent essentiellement un repose-pied (22) mobile en rotation, servant de palonnier, relié à au moins un gouvernail (24).1. A nautical navigation device, comprising a chassis (14) connected to at least two floats (10 and 12), drive means, propulsion means, and directional control means, said drive means producing movements thanks to muscular energy, developed by a user seated on a seat (16) sliding on two rails (18 and 20), parallel, longitudinal and integral with said chassis, amplifying these movements and transmitting them to said means of propulsion, said nautical navigation device being characterized in that said drive means essentially comprise at least one handle (26), intended to be grasped and pulled by the user, preferably in motion on the seat (16), said handle being secured to one end of at least one transmission link cooperating with at least one pinion (50), the other end of this transmission link being connected to a winding device r (52), this pinion (50) driving in rotation an axis (36) carrying a free wheel (34), constituting a flywheel, the rotary movement of the flywheel (34) being transmitted to said means of propulsion, which are of hydraulic type and which essentially comprise at least one propeller (55) rotatable by means of at least one transmission member, held on the chassis and cooperating with said flywheel, and in that the means directional control essentially comprise a footrest (22) movable in rotation, serving as a lifter, connected to at least one rudder (24).
2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également des moyens de propulsion par énergie éolienne.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises means of propulsion by wind energy.
3. Appareil selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le siège (16), les rails (18 et 20), les profilés (30 et 32) et le repose-pied (22) constituent un ensemble mobile, cet ensemble mobile pouvant effectuer un mouvement de rotation autour dudit axe (36) d'une position longitudinale jusqu'à une position transversale, afin de permettre à l'utilisateur de manœuvrer ledit appareil, lorsque celui-ci est propulsé par l'énergie éolienne. 3. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the seat (16), the rails (18 and 20), the profiles (30 and 32) and the footrest (22) constitute a mobile assembly, this mobile assembly being able to performing a rotational movement around said axis (36) from a longitudinal position to a transverse position, in order to allow the user to maneuver said device, when the latter is propelled by wind energy.
4. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits rails (18 et 20) sont fixés sur deux profilés (30 et 32), ledit repose-pied (22) étant relié aux dits profilés (30 et 32) par l'intermédiaire de deux tubes (33 et 35), coulissant à l'intérieur des profilés (30 et 32).4. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said rails (18 and 20) are fixed on two profiles (30 and 32), said footrest (22) being connected to said profiles (30 and 32) by means of two tubes (33 and 35), sliding inside the profiles (30 and 32).
5. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le lien de transmission coopérant avec le pignon (50), coaxial avec le volant d'inertie (34), consiste en une chaîne (48) reliée d'une part, à la poignée (26) au moyen d'un premier cordon (46) et d'autre part, au dispositif enrouleur (52) au moyen d'un deuxième cordon (51), ladite chaîne (48) engrenant le pignon (50).5. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission link cooperating with the pinion (50), coaxial with the flywheel (34), consists of a chain (48) connected on the one hand , to the handle (26) by means of a first cord (46) and on the other hand, to the winding device (52) by means of a second cord (51), said chain (48) meshing the pinion (50 ).
6. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de transmission est constitué par un arbre de transmission (58), coopérant avec le volant d'inertie (34) au moyen d'un galet presseur (60), positionné à l'extrémité supérieure dudit arbre de transmission et en contact avec ledit volant d'inertie (34).6. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission member is constituted by a transmission shaft (58), cooperating with the flywheel (34) by means of a pressure roller (60 ), positioned at the upper end of said drive shaft and in contact with said flywheel (34).
7. Appareil selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que ledit arbre de transmission (58) est maintenu au châssis 14 par l'intermédiaire d'un bras de soutien (56).7. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said transmission shaft (58) is held to the chassis 14 by means of a support arm (56).
8. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'hélice (55) est escamotable sous le châssis (14).8. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the propeller (55) is retractable under the frame (14).
9. Appareil selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que l'escamotage de l'hélice se fait par l'intermédiaire d'une genouillère (62), reliant le bras de soutien (56) au châssis (14), ladite genouillère (62) étant manœuvrée par l'utilisateur au moyen d'une poignée reliée à un câble, ladite manœuvre consistant dans le repliage de ladite genouillère.9. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the retraction of the propeller is done by means of a toggle (62), connecting the support arm (56) to the frame (14), said toggle ( 62) being operated by the user by means of a handle connected to a cable, said operation consisting in the folding of said toggle joint.
10. Appareil selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également un mécanisme permettant d'inverser le sens de rotation de l'hélice (55), lorsque ledit appareil est utilisé avec lesdits moyens de propulsion par l'énergie musculaire, ce mécanisme étant mis en œuvre par l'utilisateur au moyen de la poignée d'escamotage de l'hélice. 10. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it also comprises a mechanism making it possible to reverse the direction of rotation of the propeller (55), when said apparatus is used with said means of propulsion by muscular energy, this mechanism being implemented by the user by means of the propeller retraction handle.
11. Appareil selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme est constitué essentiellement par un galet intermédiaire (64), en contact avec ledit galet presseur (60), disposé sur un axe parallèle à l'arbre de transmission (58), ledit axe parallèle étant relié audit arbre de transmission (58) par l'intermédiaire d'un bras porteur (66), de façon à ce que ledit galet intermédiaire (64) pivote autour dudit galet presseur (60) et vienne se positionner entre ledit galet presseur (60) et ledit volant d'inertie (34) de manière à ce que ledit galet presseur (60) soit entraîné à contresens, par ledit galet intermédiaire (64), lui-même entraîné par le volant d'inertie (34), l'espace ménagé entre ledit volant d'inertie (34) et ledit galet presseur (60) et permettant le positionnement dudit galet intermédiaire (64), étant obtenu par l'escamotage partiel de l'hélice.11. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the mechanism consists essentially of an intermediate roller (64), in contact with said pressure roller (60), disposed on an axis parallel to the transmission shaft (58), said parallel axis being connected to said transmission shaft (58) via a carrier arm (66), so that said intermediate roller (64) pivots around said pressure roller (60) and comes to be positioned between said pressure roller (60) and said flywheel (34) so that said pressure roller (60) is driven in the opposite direction, by said intermediate roller (64), itself driven by the flywheel (34 ), the space provided between said flywheel (34) and said pressure roller (60) and allowing the positioning of said intermediate roller (64), being obtained by the partial retraction of the propeller.
12. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également un mécanisme de changement de vitesse, lorsque ledit appareil est utilisé avec lesdits moyens de propulsion par l'énergie musculaire.12. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises a speed change mechanism, when said apparatus is used with said means of propulsion by muscular energy.
13. Appareil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit mécanisme de changement de vitesse est constitué par un axe secondaire, disposé parallèlement audit axe de roue (36), ledit axe portant un pignon identique au pignon (50) et engrené par la chaîne (48) en sens inverse, et au moins un pignon supplémentaire, dit pignon de démultiplication, en contact avec au moins une roue d'engrenage solidaire dudit axe de roue (36), ledit pignon de démultiplication étant embrayé sur ledit axe secondaire, par l'intermédiaire d'une fourchette d'embrayage.13. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that said speed change mechanism is constituted by a secondary axis, arranged parallel to said wheel axis (36), said axis carrying a pinion identical to the pinion (50) and meshed by the chain (48) in the opposite direction, and at least one additional pinion, called reduction gear, in contact with at least one gear wheel secured to said wheel axle (36), said reduction gear being engaged on said secondary axis, through a clutch fork.
14. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits flotteurs sont gonflables.14. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said floats are inflatable.
15. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 2 à 10, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de propulsion par énergie éolienne sont essentiellement constitués par au moins un mât (80) et une bôme (84) recevant une voile (82).15. Apparatus according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that said means of propulsion by wind energy essentially consist of at least one mast (80) and a boom (84) receiving a sail (82).
16. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le châssis (14) comprend une plate-forme de commande (14a) et facultativement une plate-forme libre (14b), ladite plate-forme de commande (14a) constituant un module, au moins deux modules pouvant être assemblés pour former un appareil comportant au moins deux postes de production de mouvement et de commande, et pouvant être actionné par au moins deux utilisateurs simultanément. 16. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chassis (14) comprises a control platform (14a) and optionally a free platform (14b), said control platform (14a) constituting a module, at least two modules that can be assembled to form a device comprising at least two movement production and control stations, and which can be operated by at least two users simultaneously.
PCT/FR2002/002401 2001-07-10 2002-07-09 Catamaran driven by a propeller actuated by reciprocating movements WO2003011686A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002329339A AU2002329339A1 (en) 2001-07-10 2002-07-09 Catamaran driven by a propeller actuated by reciprocating movements

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0109159A FR2827257A1 (en) 2001-07-10 2001-07-10 Catamaran craft has drive screw powered by rowing action transmitted through cable and gear mechanism
FR0109159 2001-07-10

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WO2003011686A1 true WO2003011686A1 (en) 2003-02-13
WO2003011686A8 WO2003011686A8 (en) 2003-03-20

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AU (1) AU2002329339A1 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPI20040056A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2004-10-29 Salvatore Proto WATER BIKE TYPE STRUCTURE
AT501895B1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-15 Heiligenmann Kurt MATCHABLE CATAMARAN

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR776769A (en) * 1934-08-02 1935-02-04 Propulsion mechanism, in particular for canoes or other water or land vehicles
FR1032395A (en) * 1951-02-13 1953-07-01 Const Aero Navales Bringuebale for boats, especially lifeboats
US2809605A (en) * 1953-05-29 1957-10-15 Peters & Russell Inc Transom drive
US3377978A (en) * 1965-08-02 1968-04-16 Russell I. Tillman Power boat outdrive assemblies
FR2149318A1 (en) 1971-08-19 1973-03-30 Rignault Jean
US3982495A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-09-28 Hill Gerald L Bicycle powered boat
FR2464180A1 (en) * 1979-05-08 1981-03-06 Gouin Raymond Catamaran marine pleasure craft - has single sail with pivoted saddle to balance craft and tiller brought forward of saddle
FR2492332A1 (en) * 1980-10-17 1982-04-23 Guimbal Jean Pedal-driven twin hulled vessel - has wing section cross-members joined to metal frames of each hull
FR2583016A1 (en) * 1985-06-06 1986-12-12 Rouby Pierre Water bicycle
FR2594407A1 (en) 1986-02-14 1987-08-21 Vaschalde Andre Multi-purpose craft
FR2609274A1 (en) * 1987-01-02 1988-07-08 Dimos Georges Craft using muscle power
FR2657324A1 (en) * 1990-01-25 1991-07-26 Drapeau Jean Motive device with human propulsion and vehicles equipped with such a device

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR776769A (en) * 1934-08-02 1935-02-04 Propulsion mechanism, in particular for canoes or other water or land vehicles
FR1032395A (en) * 1951-02-13 1953-07-01 Const Aero Navales Bringuebale for boats, especially lifeboats
US2809605A (en) * 1953-05-29 1957-10-15 Peters & Russell Inc Transom drive
US3377978A (en) * 1965-08-02 1968-04-16 Russell I. Tillman Power boat outdrive assemblies
FR2149318A1 (en) 1971-08-19 1973-03-30 Rignault Jean
US3982495A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-09-28 Hill Gerald L Bicycle powered boat
FR2464180A1 (en) * 1979-05-08 1981-03-06 Gouin Raymond Catamaran marine pleasure craft - has single sail with pivoted saddle to balance craft and tiller brought forward of saddle
FR2492332A1 (en) * 1980-10-17 1982-04-23 Guimbal Jean Pedal-driven twin hulled vessel - has wing section cross-members joined to metal frames of each hull
FR2583016A1 (en) * 1985-06-06 1986-12-12 Rouby Pierre Water bicycle
FR2594407A1 (en) 1986-02-14 1987-08-21 Vaschalde Andre Multi-purpose craft
FR2609274A1 (en) * 1987-01-02 1988-07-08 Dimos Georges Craft using muscle power
FR2657324A1 (en) * 1990-01-25 1991-07-26 Drapeau Jean Motive device with human propulsion and vehicles equipped with such a device

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AU2002329339A1 (en) 2003-02-17
WO2003011686A8 (en) 2003-03-20
FR2827257A1 (en) 2003-01-17

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