WO2002006697A1 - Spring seat - Google Patents

Spring seat Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002006697A1
WO2002006697A1 PCT/EP2001/008054 EP0108054W WO0206697A1 WO 2002006697 A1 WO2002006697 A1 WO 2002006697A1 EP 0108054 W EP0108054 W EP 0108054W WO 0206697 A1 WO0206697 A1 WO 0206697A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spring support
spring
diameter
insert
support according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2001/008054
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Burlage
Jan Wucherpfennig
Original Assignee
Basf Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Basf Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Basf Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to AU2001287607A priority Critical patent/AU2001287607A1/en
Priority to EP01967159A priority patent/EP1301730A1/en
Publication of WO2002006697A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002006697A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
    • F16F1/3732—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape having an annular or the like shape, e.g. grommet-type resilient mountings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/3605—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by their material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2226/00—Manufacturing; Treatments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spring support based on a hollow, essentially cylindrical shaped body (i), in the cavity of which there is an insert (viii) transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, which is clamped over at least three elements which are recessed in (i) or be inserted.
  • the invention further relates to spring supports based on a hollow, essentially cylindrical shaped body (i) with a height (1) of 31 mm and a diameter (2) on the side
  • the suspension elements made of polyurethane elastomers are used in automobiles, for example within the chassis, for example on the basis of elastic plastics, for example rubber or elastomers on the basis of polyisocyanate polyaddition products, for example polyurethanes and / or polyureas, and are generally known. They are used in particular in motor vehicles to reduce force peaks in the case of spring resonance or force peaks introduced by the road, but also for the permanent prevention of noises due to relative movement between the steel spring and spring plate, as well as to create very good insulation in the scanning behavior (harchness) for spring supports , The peak force is reduced by detuning the steel spring-spring support system and creating more damping.
  • the spring support generally converts vibrations by converting vibrational energy into heat.
  • the spring elements in automobile construction, in particular in the wheel suspension, are, for example, entire spring strut constructions containing shock absorbers, usually with a spiral spring and elastomer spring, which is also referred to in this document as a vibration damper.
  • the spring support is either between the steel spring and the body or between the strut and steel spring. It can also be supported directly on the axis.
  • the spring support is therefore generally directly or indirectly connected to the body at at least one connection point to the body via the vibration damper generally shown at the beginning. Through this between the shock absorber and the body arranged spring support in addition to the damping by the additional spring and shock absorber further vibration energy is converted into heat. This increases driving comfort in particular.
  • the spring supports Due to the very different characteristics and properties of individual automobile models, the spring supports have to be individually adapted to the various automobile models in order to achieve an ideal chassis adjustment. For example, when developing the spring supports, the weight of the vehicle, the chassis of the special model, the intended shock absorbers, the dimensions of the automobile and its engine output as well as the desired decoupling characteristics can be taken into account depending on the desired comfort while driving.
  • the design of the automobiles means that individual solutions tailored to the particular automobile construction have to be invented simply because of the space available.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to develop a spring support for a special, new automobile model which meets the specific requirements of this particular model and ensures the best possible driving comfort.
  • the spatial configuration of the spring support ie its three-dimensional shape, has a decisive influence on its function in addition to its material.
  • the shape of the spring support not only guarantees an exact fit in the automobile construction, but also controls the decoupling characteristics in a targeted manner. Not only the length and thickness of the spring support have an influence on the function, but also other configurations such as the design of the radial areas for the steel spring, milling, rounding, incisions, knobs, connecting elements or the like.
  • This three-dimensional shape of the spring support must therefore be developed individually for each automobile model.
  • the requirements which the spring support according to the invention was to meet were in particular the narrow spatial extent, the small area which the steel spring made available and the security against rotation, which serves to optimize the steel spring for the vehicle.
  • FIG 1 Overview of spring support with insert
  • This three-dimensional shape proved to be particularly suitable to meet the specific requirements of the special automobile model, especially with regard to the specific spatial requirements and the required spring characteristics.
  • the spring support according to the invention is based on a hollow, essentially cylindrical shaped body (i) with a height (1) of 31 mm, a diameter (2) on the side (ii) of the shaped body of 80 mm, an inner diameter (3) of 45 mm and recesses (iii), (iv) and (v) on the side (vi) of the molded body.
  • the spring support is preferably characterized in that the shaped body (i) tapers at a height (4) of 14 mm with the exception of a web (vii) to an outer diameter (5) of 53.5 mm, (vii) a thickness ( 6) of 5 mm and the recesses (iii), (iv) and (v) a depth (7) of 4 mm and in the case of (iii) and (iv) a width (8) of 5 mm and with respect to ( v) have a width (9) of 10 mm.
  • the diameter (10) is preferably 62 mm, the diameter (11) 49 mm, the height (12) 27 mm, the height (13) 1 mm and the height (14) 2 mm.
  • spring supports are preferred which contain an insert (viii) which is inserted or preferably clamped in the cutouts (iii), (iv) and (v) by the elements (ix), (x) and (xi), it being particularly preferred that (viii) has a diameter (15) of 49 mm, a thickness of 2 mm, a distance (16) between (x) and (ix) of 20 mm and an opening (xii). It is particularly preferred that the opening (xii) has the shape of a partial circle.
  • the dimension (17) is preferably 1.5 mm and the dimension (18) is preferably 3.5 mm.
  • the spring support is preferably based on cellular polyurethane elastomers, particularly preferably on cellular polyurethane elastomers with a density according to DIN 53420 of 200 to 1100, preferably 300 to 800 kg / m 3 , a tensile strength according to DIN 53571 of> 2, preferably 2 to 8 N / mm 2 , an elongation according to DIN 53571 of> 300, preferably 300 to 700% and a tear resistance according to DIN 53515 of> 8 N / mm, preferably 8 to 25 N / mm.
  • the spring supports according to the invention are preferably used in automobiles or trucks.
  • this form of spring support can be represented, for example, by the force-frequency characteristic curve (behavior of the force versus frequency with the spring system excited with a low amplitude) in the installation situation specified for the vehicle model (FIG. 10), which is the optimum force peak reduction characteristic for this Represents model.
  • the complex relationships are described for example in Reimpell / Stoll, "Chassis technology: shock and vibration damper", p. 166ff.
  • the three-dimensional shape of the spring support according to the invention made it possible to fully meet the requirement regarding the force peak reduction characteristic.
  • the vibration dampers according to the invention are preferably based on elastomers based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products, for example polyurethanes and / or polyureas, for example polyurethane elastomers, which may optionally contain urea structures.
  • the elastomers are preferably microcellular elastomers based on poly isocyanate polyadducts, preferably with cells with a diameter of 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.15 mm.
  • the elastomers particularly preferably have the physical properties shown at the outset.
  • Elastomers based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products and their preparation are generally known and can be described in many different ways, for example in EP-A 62 835, EP-A 36 994, EP-A 250 969, DE-A 195 48 770 and DE-A 195 48 771st
  • the elastomers based on cellular polyisocyanate polyadducts are usually produced in a form in which the reactive starting components are reacted with one another. Possible forms here are generally customary forms, for example metal forms which, because of their shape, ensure the three-dimensional shape of the spring support according to the invention.
  • the polyisocyanate polyadducts can be produced by generally known processes, for example by using the following starting steps in a one- or two-stage process - uses fabrics:
  • auxiliaries and / or additives for example polysiloxanes and / or fatty acid sulfonates.
  • the surface temperature of the mold inner wall is usually 40 to 95 ° C, preferably 50 to 90 ° C.
  • the production of the molded parts is advantageously carried out at an NCO / OH ratio of 0.85 to 1.20, the heated starting components being mixed and placed in a heated, preferably tight-closing mold in an amount corresponding to the desired molded part density.
  • the molded parts are hardened after 5 to 60 minutes and can therefore be removed from the mold.
  • the amount of the reaction mixture introduced into the mold is usually such that the moldings obtained have the density already shown.
  • the starting components are usually introduced into the mold at a temperature of 15 to 120 ° C., preferably 30 to 110 ° C.
  • the degrees of compaction for the production of the shaped bodies are between 1.1 and 8, preferably between 2 and 6.
  • the cellular polyisocyanate polyadducts are expediently produced by the one-shot process with the aid of the low-pressure technique or in particular the reaction injection molding technique (RIM) in open or preferably closed molds.
  • the reaction is carried out, in particular, with compression in a closed mold.
  • the reaction injection molding technique is described, for example, by H. Piechota and H. Rschreib in "Integral Foams", Carl Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff, Vienna 1975; D.J. Prepelka and J.L. Wharton in Journal of Cellular Plastics, March / April 1975, pages 87 to 98 and U. Knipp in Journal of Cellular Plastics, March / April 1973, pages 76-84.
  • the starting components can be fed in individually and mixed intensively in the mixing chamber. It has proven to be advantageous to work according to the two-component process.
  • a prepolymer containing NCO groups is first prepared in a two-stage process.
  • component (b) is reacted with (a) in excess, usually at temperatures from 80 ° C. to 160 ° C., preferably from 110 ° C. to 150 ° C.
  • the reaction time is measured when the theoretical NCO content is reached.
  • the molded articles according to the invention are preferably produced in a two-stage process, in which, in the first stage, a prepolymer having isocyanate groups is prepared by reacting (a) with (b) and in the second stage containing this prepolymer in a mold with a crosslinking component if applicable, implements the other components described at the beginning.
  • the mold service life averages 5 to 60 minutes.
  • the molded parts can preferably be annealed for a period of 1 to 48 hours at temperatures of usually from 70 to 120 ° C.
  • Aromatic diisocyanates are particularly suitable for producing the composite elements according to the invention, preferably 2,2-, 2,4 V- and / or 4,4 * -diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 2,4- and / or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 3,3 * -dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanate (TODI), 1,2-diphenylethane di-isocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate and / or aliphatic isocyanates such as 1, 12-dodecane, 2 Ethyl-1,4-butane, 2-methyl-1,5-pentane-1,4-butane diisocyanate and preferably 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and / or cycloaliphatic isocyanates such as 1, 12-dodecane, 2 Ethyl-1,4-butane, 2-methyl
  • the isocyanates can be in the form of the pure compound, in mixtures and / or in modified form, for example in the form of uretdiones, isocyanurates, allophanates or biurets, preferably in the form of reaction products containing so-called isocyanate prepolymers, urethane and isocyanate groups. be used.
  • MDI Modified 2,2 ⁇ -, 2,4 ⁇ - and / or 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
  • NDI 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate
  • TODI 3,3 '-dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanate
  • TDI 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate
  • polyhydroxyl compounds As compounds (b) reactive towards isocyanates, generally known polyhydroxyl compounds can be used, preferably those with a functionality of 2 to 3 and preferably a molecular weight of 60 to 6000, particularly preferably 500 to 6000, in particular 800 to 5000. Preferred as ( b) polyether polyols, polyester polyalcohols and / or hydroxyl-containing polycarbonates are used.
  • Suitable polyether polyols can be prepared by known processes, for example by anionic polymerization with alkali hydroxides, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, or alkali alcoholates, such as sodium methylate, sodium and potassium ethylate or potassium isopropylate, as catalysts and with the addition of at least one starter molecule, the 2 or 3 .
  • alkali hydroxides such as sodium or potassium hydroxide
  • alkali alcoholates such as sodium methylate, sodium and potassium ethylate or potassium isopropylate
  • catalysts and with the addition of at least one starter molecule, the 2 or 3 .
  • Suitable alkylene oxides are, for example, 1,3-propylene oxide, 1,2- or 1,3-butylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran.
  • the alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as a mixture.
  • starter molecules are: water, organic dicarboxylic acids, such as succinic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid and terephthalic acid, aliphatic and aromatic, N-mono- and N, N ⁇ - dialkyl-substituted diamines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, such as mono- and dialkyl substituted ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,3- or 1,4-butylenediamine, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5- and 1,6-hexamethylene diamine, Alkanolamines such as ethanolamine, N-methyl- and N-ethylethanolamine, dialkanolamines such as diethanolamine, N-methyl- and N-ethyl-diethanolamine, and trialkanolamines such as triethanolamine, and ammonia.
  • organic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid and terephthalic
  • dihydric or trihydric alcohols for example alkanediols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as, for example, ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol and -1,3, 1,4-butanediol, Pentrandiol-1, 5, hexanediol-1,6, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and dialkylene glycols, such as, for example, diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol.
  • alkanediols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as, for example, ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol and -1,3, 1,4-butanediol, Pentrandiol-1, 5, hexanediol-1,6, glycerol, trimethylolpropane
  • dialkylene glycols such as, for
  • polyester polyalcohols are preferably used as (b).
  • Suitable polyester polyols can be prepared, for example, from dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and dihydric alcohols.
  • suitable dicarboxylic acids are: aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid and aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.
  • the dicarboxylic acids can be used individually or as mixtures.
  • polyester polyols it may be advantageous to use the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives, such as carboxylic acid esters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, carboxylic acid anhydrides or carboxylic acid chlorides, instead of the carboxylic acid.
  • carboxylic acid derivatives such as carboxylic acid esters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, carboxylic acid anhydrides or carboxylic acid chlorides, instead of the carboxylic acid.
  • dihydric alcohols examples include glycols having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,10, decanediol, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol, 1,3-propanediol and dipropylene glycol.
  • the dihydric alcohols can be used alone or, if appropriate, in mixtures with one another.
  • Preferred polyester polyols are ethanediol polyadipates, 1,4-butanediol polyadipates, ethanediol-butanediol polyadipates, 1,6-hexanediol-neopentylglycol polyadipates, 1,6-hexanediol-1,4-butanediol polyadipates , 2-methyl-l, 3-propanediol-l, 4-butanediol polyadipate and / or polycaprolactones.
  • Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols containing ester groups are polycondensates of organic, preferably aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, in particular adipic acid with polyoxymethylene glycols with a number average molecular weight of 162 to 600 and optionally aliphatic diols, especially butanediol-1, 4. Also suitable with such group-containing polycondensation are polykondamyl-containing polycondensation polyglytetramoles e-Caprolactone formed polycondensates.
  • Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols containing carbonate groups are polycondensates of these with alkyl or aryl carbonates or phosgene.
  • low molecular weight chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents (b1) with a molecular weight of less than 500, preferably 60 to 499, can also be used, for example selected from the group of the di- and / or trifunctional alcohols, di- to tetrafunctional polyoxyalkylene polyols and the alkyl-substituted aromatic diamines or mixtures of at least two of the chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents mentioned.
  • alkanediols having 2 to 12, preferably 2, 4 or 6, carbon atoms can be used as (b1), e.g. Ethane, 1,3-propane, 1,5-pentane, 1,6-hexane, 1,7-heptane, 1,8-octane, 1,9-nonane, 1, 10-decanediol and preferably
  • 1,4-butanediol dialkylene glycols having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, such as e.g. Diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol and / or di- to tetrafunctional polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • branched-chain and / or unsaturated alkanediols with usually not more than 12 carbon atoms such as, for example, 1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-, 2,2-dimethyl-propanediol-1,3, are also suitable.
  • 1,3-di (b-hydroxyethyl) resorcinol alkanolamines with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. Ethanolamine, 2-aminopropanol and 3-amino-2, 2-dimethylpropanol, N-alkyldialkanolamines, e.g. N-methyl and N-ethyl-diethanolamine.
  • higher-functional crosslinking agents (bl) are trifunctional and higher-functional alcohols, such as Glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and trihydroxycyclohexanes as well as trialkanolamines, e.g. Called triethanolamine.
  • the technically readily accessible 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4-phenylenediamine, l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4-phenylenediamine, mixtures of 1-methyl-3,5- diethyl-2, 4- and -2, 6-phenylenediamines so-called DETDA, isomer mixtures of 3,3'-di- or 3, 3 ', 5, 5'-tetraalkyl-substituted 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethanes with 1 to 4 Carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, in particular 3, 3 ', 5, 5' tetraalkyl-substituted 4, '-diamino-diphenylmethanes containing methyl, ethyl and isopropyl radicals and mixtures of the tetraalkyl-substituted 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethanes
  • alkyl-substituted aromatic polyamines in a mixture with the abovementioned low-molecular polyhydric alcohols, preferably di- and / or trihydric alcohols or dialkylene glycols.
  • aromatic diamines are preferably not used.
  • the products according to the invention are thus preferably prepared in the absence of aromatic diamines.
  • the cellular polyisocyanate polyadducts can preferably be prepared in the presence of water (c).
  • the water acts both as a crosslinking agent with the formation of urea groups and because of the reaction with isocyanate groups with the formation of carbon dioxide as a blowing agent. Because of this dual function, it is listed separately from (e) and (b) in this document. By definition, components (b) and (e) therefore do not contain water, which by definition is listed exclusively as (e).
  • the amounts of water which can expediently be used are 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 3.0% by weight, based on the weight of component (b). All or part of the water can be used in the form of the aqueous solutions of the sulfonated fatty acids.
  • catalysts (d) can be added to the reaction mixture both in the preparation of a prepolymer and, if appropriate, in the reaction of a prepolymer with a crosslinking component.
  • the catalysts (d) can be added individually or as a mixture with one another.
  • organometallic compounds such as tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g.
  • Tin (II) dioctoate, tin (II) dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate and dibutyltin dilaurate and tertiary amines such as tetramethyl-ethylenediamine, N-methylmorpholine, diethylbenzylamine, triethylamine, dirnethylcyclohexylamine, diazabicyclooipir-pirate 'diazabicyclooipir-pirate', , N-methyl, N '- (4-N-dimethylamino) butylpiperazine, N, N, N', N ", N" -pentamethyldiethylenediamine or the like.
  • amidines such as 2, 3-dimethyl-3, 4,5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine
  • tris- (dialkylaminoalkyl) -s-hexahydrotriazines in particular tris- (N, N-dimethylamino-propyl) -s-hexahydrotriazine
  • tetraalkylammonium hydroxides such as e.g. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
  • alkali hydroxides e.g. Sodium hydroxide and alkali alcoholates such as e.g. Sodium methylate
  • the catalysts (d) are used in amounts of 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, based on the prepolymer.
  • blowing agents (e) can be used in polyurethane production.
  • Low-boiling liquids which evaporate under the influence of the exothermic polyaddition reaction are suitable, for example.
  • Liquids which are inert to the organic polyisocyanate and have boiling points below 100 ° C. are suitable.
  • halogenated, preferably fluorinated hydrocarbons such as e.g. Methylene chloride and dichloro onofluoromethane, per- or partially fluorinated hydrocarbons, e.g. Trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, difluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane and heptafluoropropane,
  • Hydrocarbons e.g. n- and iso-butane, n- and iso-pentane and the technical mixtures of these hydrocarbons, propane, propylene, hexane, heptane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane, dialkyl ethers, such as e.g. Dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and furan, carboxylic acid esters, e.g. Methyl and ethyl formate, ketones, e.g. Acetone, and / or fluorinated and / or perfluorinated, tertiary alkyl amines, e.g. Perfluoro-dimethyl-iso-propylamine. Mixtures of these low-boiling liquids with one another and / or with other substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbons can also be used.
  • dialkyl ethers such as e.g. Dimethyl
  • low-boiling liquid for the production of such cellular elastic molded articles from elastomers containing bound urea groups depends on the density which is to be achieved and on the amount of water preferably used. In general, amounts of 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 2 to 11% by weight, based on the weight of component (b), give satisfactory results. Water (c) is particularly preferably used as the blowing agent.
  • Auxiliaries and additives (f) can be used in the production of the molded part according to the invention. These include, for example, generally known surface-active substances, hydrolysis protection agents, fillers, antioxidants, cell regulators, flame retardants and dyes. Suitable surface-active substances are compounds which serve to support the homogenization of the starting materials and, if appropriate, are also suitable for regulating the cell structure.
  • additional compounds with an emulsifying effect may be mentioned, such as the salts of fatty acids with amines, for example oleic acid diethylamine, stearic acid diethanol amine, ricinoleic diethanolamine, salts of sulfonic acids, for example alkali or ammonium salts of dodecylbenzene or dinaphthyl methane disulfonic acid.
  • amines for example oleic acid diethylamine, stearic acid diethanol amine, ricinoleic diethanolamine
  • salts of sulfonic acids for example alkali or ammonium salts of dodecylbenzene or dinaphthyl methane disulfonic acid.
  • Foam stabilizers such as, for example, oxyethylated alkylphenols, oxyethylated fatty alcohols, paraffin oils, castor oil or ricinoleic acid esters, Turkish red oil and peanut oil and cell regulators such as paraffins and fatty alcohols are also suitable.
  • polysiloxanes and / or fatty acid sulfonates can be used as (f).
  • Generally known compounds can be used as polysiloxanes, for example polymethylsiloxanes, polydimethylsiloxanes and / or polyoxyalkylene-silicone copolymers.
  • the polysiloxanes preferably have a viscosity at 25 ° C. of 20 to 2000 MPas.
  • the fatty acid " generally known sulfonated fatty acids that are also commercially available, can be used.
  • the surface-active substances are usually used in amounts of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of components (b).

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Abstract

The invention relates to a spring seat based on a hollow and essentially cylindrical shaped body (i), in whose cavity an insert (VIII) is situated transversal to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. Said insert is secured by at least three elements, which are held tightly in or inlayed inside recesses of (i).

Description

Federauflage spring Plate
BesehreibungBesehreibung
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Federauflage basierend auf einem hohlen, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Formkörper (i) , in dessen Hohlraum sich quer zur Längsachse des Zylinders ein Einleger (viii) befindet, der über mindestens drei Elemente, die in Aussparungen von (i) geklemmt oder eingelegt werden, befestigt wird.The invention relates to a spring support based on a hollow, essentially cylindrical shaped body (i), in the cavity of which there is an insert (viii) transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, which is clamped over at least three elements which are recessed in (i) or be inserted.
Des weiteren betrifft die Erfindung Federauflagen basierend auf einem hohlen, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Formkörper (i) mit einer Höhe (1) von 31 mm, einem Durchmesser (2) auf der SeiteThe invention further relates to spring supports based on a hollow, essentially cylindrical shaped body (i) with a height (1) of 31 mm and a diameter (2) on the side
(ii) des Formkörpers von 80 mm, einem inneren Durchmesser (3) von 45 mm sowie Aussparungen (iii) , (iv) und (v) auf der Seite (vi) des Formkörpers .(ii) the shaped body of 80 mm, an inner diameter (3) of 45 mm and recesses (iii), (iv) and (v) on the side (vi) of the shaped body.
Die aus Polyurethanelastomeren hergestellten Federungselemente werden in Automobilen beispielsweise innerhalb des Fahrwerks, beispielsweise auf der Basis von elastischen Kunststoffen, beispielsweise Gummi oder Elastomeren auf der Basis von Poly- isocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukten, beispielsweise Polyurethanen und/oder Polyharnstoffen, verwendet und sind allgemein bekannt. Sie werden insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen zur Reduktion von Kraftspitzen im Federresonanzfall oder durch die Straße eingeleitete Kraftspitzen, aber auch zur dauerfesten Verhinderung von Geräuschen durch Relativbewegung zwischen Stahlfeder und Feder- teller, wie auch zur Schaffung einer sehr guten Isolation im Abtastverhalten (Harchness) bei Federauflagen verwendet. Der Kraftspitzenabbau erfolgt durch die Verstimmung des Systems Stahlfeder-Federauflage und Erzeugung von mehr Dämpfung. Die Federauflage verwandelt im Allgemeinen Schwingungen durch Umwand- lung von Schwingungsenergie in Wärme.The suspension elements made of polyurethane elastomers are used in automobiles, for example within the chassis, for example on the basis of elastic plastics, for example rubber or elastomers on the basis of polyisocyanate polyaddition products, for example polyurethanes and / or polyureas, and are generally known. They are used in particular in motor vehicles to reduce force peaks in the case of spring resonance or force peaks introduced by the road, but also for the permanent prevention of noises due to relative movement between the steel spring and spring plate, as well as to create very good insulation in the scanning behavior (harchness) for spring supports , The peak force is reduced by detuning the steel spring-spring support system and creating more damping. The spring support generally converts vibrations by converting vibrational energy into heat.
Als Federelemente im Automobilbau, insbesondere in der Radaufhängung, dienen beispielsweise Gesamtfederbeinkonstruktionen, enthaltend Stoßdämpfer, üblicherweise mit einer Spiralfeder und Elastomerfeder, die in dieser Schrift auch als Schwingungsdämpfer bezeichnet wird. Die Federauflage befindet sich entweder zwischen der Stahlfeder und der Karosserie oder zwischen Federbein und Stahlfeder. Sie kann auch direkt auf die Achse abstützen. Die Federauflage ist somit in der Regel direkt oder indirekt an zu- mindest einer Verbindungsstelle zur Karosserie über die eingangs allgemein dargestellten Schwingungsdämpfer mit der Karosserie verbunden. Durch diese zwischen Stoßdämpfer und der Karosserie angeordneten Federauflage werden zusätzlich zu der Dämpfung durch die Zusatzfeder und Stoßdämpfer weitere Schwingungsenergie in Wärme umgewandelt. Insbesondere der Fahrkomfort wird dadurch erhöht .The spring elements in automobile construction, in particular in the wheel suspension, are, for example, entire spring strut constructions containing shock absorbers, usually with a spiral spring and elastomer spring, which is also referred to in this document as a vibration damper. The spring support is either between the steel spring and the body or between the strut and steel spring. It can also be supported directly on the axis. The spring support is therefore generally directly or indirectly connected to the body at at least one connection point to the body via the vibration damper generally shown at the beginning. Through this between the shock absorber and the body arranged spring support in addition to the damping by the additional spring and shock absorber further vibration energy is converted into heat. This increases driving comfort in particular.
Aufgrund der sehr unterschiedlichen Charakteristika und Eigenschaften einzelner Automobilmodelle müssen die Federauflagen individuell an die verschiedenen Automobilmodelle angepaßt werden, um eine ideale Fahrwerksabstimmung zu erreichen. Bei- spielsweise können bei der Entwicklung der Federauflagen das Gewicht des Fahrzeugs, das Fahrwerk des speziellen Modells, die vorgesehenen Stoßdämpfer, die Abmessungen des Automobils und seine Motorleistung sowie die gewünschte Entkoppelungs- charakteristik je nach gewünschtem Komfort bei der Fahrt berück- sichtigt werden. Hinzu kommt, dass durch die Konstruktion der Automobile schon aufgrund des zur Verfügung stehende Platzes individuelle auf die jeweilige Automobilkonstruktion abgestimmte Einzellösungen erfunden werden müssen.Due to the very different characteristics and properties of individual automobile models, the spring supports have to be individually adapted to the various automobile models in order to achieve an ideal chassis adjustment. For example, when developing the spring supports, the weight of the vehicle, the chassis of the special model, the intended shock absorbers, the dimensions of the automobile and its engine output as well as the desired decoupling characteristics can be taken into account depending on the desired comfort while driving. In addition, the design of the automobiles means that individual solutions tailored to the particular automobile construction have to be invented simply because of the space available.
Aus den vorstehend genannten Gründen können die bekannten Lösungen für die Ausgestaltung einzelner Federauflagen nicht generell auf neue Automobilmodelle übertragen werden. Bei jeder neuen Entwicklung eines Automobilmodells muss eine neue Form der Federauflagen entwickelt werden, die den spezifischen Anforderungen des Modells gerecht wird.For the reasons mentioned above, the known solutions for the design of individual spring supports cannot generally be transferred to new automobile models. With every new development of an automobile model, a new form of spring support has to be developed that meets the specific requirements of the model.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es somit, für ein spezielles, neues Automobilmodell eine Federauflage zu entwickeln, die den spezifischen Anforderungen gerade dieses Modells gerecht wird und einen möglichst guten Fahrkomfort gewährleistet .The object of the present invention was therefore to develop a spring support for a special, new automobile model which meets the specific requirements of this particular model and ensures the best possible driving comfort.
Gerade die räumliche Ausgestaltung der Federauflage, d.h. ihre dreidimensionale Form, hat neben ihrem Material eine ent- scheidenden Einfluß auf ihre Funktion. Über die Form der Federauflage wird nicht nur ein genaues Einpassen in die Automobilkonstruktion gewährleistet, sondern auch die Entkoppelungs- charakteristik gezielt gesteuert. Dabei haben nicht nur Länge und Dicke der Federauflage Einfluß auf die Funktion, sondern auch weitere Ausgestaltungen in der Form wie z.B. die Gestaltung der radialen Bereiche zur Stahlfeder, Einfräsungen, Rundungen, Einschnitte, Noppen, Anknüpfungselemente oder ähnliches. Diese dreidimensionale Form der Federauflage muß somit individuell für jedes Automobilmodell entwickelt werden. Die Anforderungen, denen die erfindungsgemäße Federauflage gerecht werden sollte, war insbesondere die enge räumliche Ausdehnung, die kleine Fläche, die die Stahlfeder zur Verfügung stellte und die Verdrehsicherheit, die zur Optimierung der Stahlfeder zu dem Fahrzeug dient.The spatial configuration of the spring support, ie its three-dimensional shape, has a decisive influence on its function in addition to its material. The shape of the spring support not only guarantees an exact fit in the automobile construction, but also controls the decoupling characteristics in a targeted manner. Not only the length and thickness of the spring support have an influence on the function, but also other configurations such as the design of the radial areas for the steel spring, milling, rounding, incisions, knobs, connecting elements or the like. This three-dimensional shape of the spring support must therefore be developed individually for each automobile model. The requirements which the spring support according to the invention was to meet were in particular the narrow spatial extent, the small area which the steel spring made available and the security against rotation, which serves to optimize the steel spring for the vehicle.
Diese Anforderungen werden durch die eingangs dargestelltenThese requirements are represented by the above
Federauflagen erfüllt . Die erfindungsgemäßen Federauflagen sind im Detail in den Figuren 1 bis 9 dargestellt.Spring requirements met. The spring supports according to the invention are shown in detail in FIGS. 1 to 9.
Figur 1 : Übersicht Federauflage mit EinlegerFigure 1: Overview of spring support with insert
Figur 2 : Seitenansicht Federauflage mit EinlegerFigure 2: Side view of spring support with insert
Figur 3 : Seitenansicht FederauflageFigure 3: Side view of spring support
Figur 4 : Sicht von oben auf die Federauflage Figur 5 : Übersicht Federauflage ohne EinlegerFigure 4: View of the spring support from above Figure 5: Overview of the spring support without insert
Figur 6 : Seitenansicht Federauflage mit EinlegerFigure 6: Side view of spring support with insert
Figur 7 : Sicht von oben auf die Federauflage mit EinlegerFigure 7: Top view of the spring support with insert
Figur 8 : Übersicht EinlegerFigure 8: Overview of inserts
Figur 9 : Sicht von oben auf den EinlegerFigure 9: Top view of the insert
Fertigungsbedingte Abweichungen in den Abmessungen von bis zuManufacturing-related deviations in the dimensions of up to
2 mm sind tolerabel, bevorzugt sind aber die in dieser Schrift dargestellten Abmessungen.2 mm are tolerable, but the dimensions shown in this document are preferred.
Gerade diese dreidimensionale Form erwies sich als besonders geeignet, den spezifischen Anforderungen durch das spezielle Automobilmodell gerecht zu werden, insbesondere auch im Hinblick auf die spezifischen räumlichen Anforderungen und die geforderte Federcharakteristik.This three-dimensional shape proved to be particularly suitable to meet the specific requirements of the special automobile model, especially with regard to the specific spatial requirements and the required spring characteristics.
Der erfindungsgemäße Federauflage basiert auf einem hohlen, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Formkörper (i) mit einer Höhe (1) von 31 mm, einem Durchmesser (2) auf der Seite (ii) des Formkörpers von 80 mm, einem inneren Durchmesser (3) von 45 mm sowie Aus- sparungen (iii), (iv) und (v) auf der Seite (vi) des Formkörpers.The spring support according to the invention is based on a hollow, essentially cylindrical shaped body (i) with a height (1) of 31 mm, a diameter (2) on the side (ii) of the shaped body of 80 mm, an inner diameter (3) of 45 mm and recesses (iii), (iv) and (v) on the side (vi) of the molded body.
Bevorzugt ist die Federauflage dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Formkörper (i) sich in einer Höhe (4) von 14 mm mit Ausnahme eines Stegs (vii) auf einen äußeren Durchmesser (5) von 53,5 mm verjüngt, (vii) eine Dicke (6) von 5 mm aufweist und die Aussparungen (iii), (iv) und (v) eine Tiefe (7) von 4 mm und im Falle von (iii) und (iv) eine Breite (8) von 5 mm und hinsichtlich (v) eine Breite (9) von 10 mm aufweisen.The spring support is preferably characterized in that the shaped body (i) tapers at a height (4) of 14 mm with the exception of a web (vii) to an outer diameter (5) of 53.5 mm, (vii) a thickness ( 6) of 5 mm and the recesses (iii), (iv) and (v) a depth (7) of 4 mm and in the case of (iii) and (iv) a width (8) of 5 mm and with respect to ( v) have a width (9) of 10 mm.
Bevorzugt betragen der Durchmesser (10) 62 mm, der Durchmesser (11) 49 mm, die Höhe (12) 27 mm, die Höhe (13) 1 mm und die Höhe (14) 2 mm. Bevorzugt sind Federauflage enthaltend zusätzlich zu (i) einen Einleger (viii) , der durch die Elemente (ix) , (x) und (xi) in die Aussparungen (iii) , (iv) und (v) eingelegt oder bevorzugt geklemmt wird, wobei besonders bevorzugt ist, daß (viii) einen Durchmesser (15) von 49 mm, eine Dicke von 2 mm, einen Abstand (16) zwischen (x) und (ix) von 20 mm und eine Öffnung (xii) aufweist. Besonders bevorzugt ist, daß die Öffnung (xii) die Form eines Teilkreises aufweist.The diameter (10) is preferably 62 mm, the diameter (11) 49 mm, the height (12) 27 mm, the height (13) 1 mm and the height (14) 2 mm. In addition to (i), spring supports are preferred which contain an insert (viii) which is inserted or preferably clamped in the cutouts (iii), (iv) and (v) by the elements (ix), (x) and (xi), it being particularly preferred that (viii) has a diameter (15) of 49 mm, a thickness of 2 mm, a distance (16) between (x) and (ix) of 20 mm and an opening (xii). It is particularly preferred that the opening (xii) has the shape of a partial circle.
Die Abmessung (17) beträgt bevorzugt 1,5 mm und die Abmessung (18) bevorzugt 3,5 mm.The dimension (17) is preferably 1.5 mm and the dimension (18) is preferably 3.5 mm.
Bevorzugt ist ein Einleger (viii) mit einem Durchmesser (15) von 49 mm, einer Dicke von 2 mm, einem Abstand (16) zwischen (x) und (ix) von 20 mm, einer Öffnung (xii) sowie Elementen (ix) , (x) und (xi) .An insert (viii) with a diameter (15) of 49 mm, a thickness of 2 mm, a distance (16) between (x) and (ix) of 20 mm, an opening (xii) and elements (ix) is preferred , (x) and (xi).
Die Federauflage basiert bevorzugt auf zelligen Polyurethanelastomeren, besonders bevorzugt auf zelligen Polyurethan- elastomeren mit einer Dichte nach DIN 53420 von 200 bis 1100, bevorzugt 300 bis 800 kg/m3, einer Zugfestigkeit nach DIN 53571 von > 2, bevorzugt 2 bis 8 N/mm2, einer Dehnung nach DIN 53571 von > 300, bevorzugt 300 bis 700 % und einer Weiterreißfestigkeit nach DIN 53515 von > 8 N/mm, bevorzugt 8 bis 25 N/mm.The spring support is preferably based on cellular polyurethane elastomers, particularly preferably on cellular polyurethane elastomers with a density according to DIN 53420 of 200 to 1100, preferably 300 to 800 kg / m 3 , a tensile strength according to DIN 53571 of> 2, preferably 2 to 8 N / mm 2 , an elongation according to DIN 53571 of> 300, preferably 300 to 700% and a tear resistance according to DIN 53515 of> 8 N / mm, preferably 8 to 25 N / mm.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Federauflagen werden bevorzugt in Automobilen oder Lastkraftwagen eingesetzt.The spring supports according to the invention are preferably used in automobiles or trucks.
Die besonderen Eigenschaften dieser Form einer Federauflage können beispielsweise durch die Kraft-Frequenz-Kennlinie (Verhalten der Kraft über die Frequenz bei mit niedriger Amplitude angeregten Federsystem) in der für das Fahrzeugmodell spezifizierten Einbausituation dargestellt werden (Figur 10) , die die optimale Kraftspitzenreduktionscharakteristik für dieses Modell darstellt. Die komplexen Zusammenhänge sind beispielsweise in Reimpell/Stoll, "Fahrwerktechnik: Stoß- und Schwingungsdämpfer", S. 166ff beschrieben. Wie anhand der Figur 10 dargestellt, konnte durch die dreidimensionale Form der erfindungsgemäßen Federauflage die Anforderung bezüglich der Kraftspitzen- reduktionscharakteristik voll erfüllt werden.The special properties of this form of spring support can be represented, for example, by the force-frequency characteristic curve (behavior of the force versus frequency with the spring system excited with a low amplitude) in the installation situation specified for the vehicle model (FIG. 10), which is the optimum force peak reduction characteristic for this Represents model. The complex relationships are described for example in Reimpell / Stoll, "Chassis technology: shock and vibration damper", p. 166ff. As shown in FIG. 10, the three-dimensional shape of the spring support according to the invention made it possible to fully meet the requirement regarding the force peak reduction characteristic.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Schwingungsdämpfer basieren bevorzugt auf Elastomeren auf der Basis von Polyisocyanat-Polyaddionsprodukten, beispielsweise Polyurethanen und/oder Polyharnstoffen, beispiels- weise Polyurethanelastomeren, die gegebenenfalls Harnstoff- Strukturen enthalten können. Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei den Elastomeren um mikrozellige Elastomere auf der Basis von Poly- isocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukten, bevorzugt mit Zellen mit einem Durchmesser von 0,01 mm bis 0,5 mm, besonders bevorzugt 0,01 bis 0,15 mm. Besonders bevorzugt besitzen die Elastomere die eingangs dargestellten physikalischen Eigenschaften. Elastomere auf der Basis von Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukten und ihre Herstellung sind allgemein bekannt und vielfältig beschreiben, beispielsweise in EP-A 62 835, EP-A 36 994, EP-A 250 969, DE-A 195 48 770 und DE-A 195 48 771.The vibration dampers according to the invention are preferably based on elastomers based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products, for example polyurethanes and / or polyureas, for example polyurethane elastomers, which may optionally contain urea structures. The elastomers are preferably microcellular elastomers based on poly isocyanate polyadducts, preferably with cells with a diameter of 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.15 mm. The elastomers particularly preferably have the physical properties shown at the outset. Elastomers based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products and their preparation are generally known and can be described in many different ways, for example in EP-A 62 835, EP-A 36 994, EP-A 250 969, DE-A 195 48 770 and DE-A 195 48 771st
Die Herstellung erfolgt üblicherweise durch Umsetzung von Iso- cyanaten mit gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen.They are usually prepared by reacting isocyanates with compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates.
Die Elastomere auf der Basis von zelligen Polyisocyanat-Poly- additionsprodukte werden üblicherweise in einer Form hergestellt, in der man die reaktiven Ausgangskomponenten miteinander umsetzt. Als Formen kommen hierbei allgemein übliche Formen in Frage, beispielsweise Metallformen, die aufgrund ihrer Form die erfindungsgemäße dreidimensionale Form der Federauflage gewährleisten Die Herstellung der Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte kann nach allgemein bekannten Verfahren erfolgen, beispielsweise indem man in einem ein- oder zweistufigen Prozeß die folgenden Ausgangs- Stoffe einsetzt:The elastomers based on cellular polyisocyanate polyadducts are usually produced in a form in which the reactive starting components are reacted with one another. Possible forms here are generally customary forms, for example metal forms which, because of their shape, ensure the three-dimensional shape of the spring support according to the invention. The polyisocyanate polyadducts can be produced by generally known processes, for example by using the following starting steps in a one- or two-stage process - uses fabrics:
(a) Isocyanat, (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen,(a) isocyanate, (b) compounds reactive toward isocyanates,
(c) Wasser und gegebenenfalls(c) water and optionally
(d) Katalysatoren,(d) catalysts,
(e) Treibmittel und/oder(e) propellant and / or
(f) Hilfs- und/oder Zusatzstoffe, beispielsweise Polysiloxane und/oder Fettsäuresulfonate.(f) auxiliaries and / or additives, for example polysiloxanes and / or fatty acid sulfonates.
Die Oberflächentemperatur der Forminnenwand beträgt üblicherweise 40 bis 95°C, bevorzugt 50 bis 90°C.The surface temperature of the mold inner wall is usually 40 to 95 ° C, preferably 50 to 90 ° C.
Die Herstellung der Formteile wird vorteilhafterweise bei einem NCO/OH-Verhältnis von 0,85 bis 1,20 durchgeführt, wobei die erwärmten Ausgangskomponenten gemischt und in einer der gewünschten Formteildichte entsprechenden Menge in ein beheiztes, bevorzugt dichtschließendes Formwerkzeug gebracht werden.The production of the molded parts is advantageously carried out at an NCO / OH ratio of 0.85 to 1.20, the heated starting components being mixed and placed in a heated, preferably tight-closing mold in an amount corresponding to the desired molded part density.
Die Formteile sind nach 5 bis 60 Minuten ausgehärtet und damit entformbar.The molded parts are hardened after 5 to 60 minutes and can therefore be removed from the mold.
Die Menge des in das Formwerkzeug eingebrachten Reaktions- gemisches wird üblicherweise so bemessen, daß die erhaltenen Formkörper die bereits dargestellte Dichte aufweisen. Die Ausgangskomponenten werden üblicherweise mit einer Temperatur von 15 bis 120°C, vorzugsweise von 30 bis 110°C, in das Formwerkzeug eingebracht. Die Verdichtungsgrade zur Herstellung der Formkörper liegen zwischen 1,1 und 8, vorzugsweise zwischen 2 und 6.The amount of the reaction mixture introduced into the mold is usually such that the moldings obtained have the density already shown. The starting components are usually introduced into the mold at a temperature of 15 to 120 ° C., preferably 30 to 110 ° C. The degrees of compaction for the production of the shaped bodies are between 1.1 and 8, preferably between 2 and 6.
Die zelligen Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte werden zweckmäßigerweise nach dem one shot-Verfahren mit Hilfe der Niederdruck-Technik oder insbesondere der Reaktionsspritzguß-Technik (RIM) in offenen oder vorzugsweise geschlossenen Formwerkzeugen, hergestellt. Die Reaktion wird insbesondere unter Verdichtung in einem geschlossenen Formwerkzeug durchgeführt. Die Reaktionsspritzguß-Technik wird beispielsweise beschrieben von H. Piechota und H. Röhr in "Integralschaumstoffe", Carl Hanser-Verlag, München, Wien 1975; D.J. Prepelka und J.L. Wharton in Journal of Cellular Plastics, März/April 1975, Seiten 87 bis 98 und U. Knipp in Journal of Cellular Plastics, März/April 1973, Seiten 76-84.The cellular polyisocyanate polyadducts are expediently produced by the one-shot process with the aid of the low-pressure technique or in particular the reaction injection molding technique (RIM) in open or preferably closed molds. The reaction is carried out, in particular, with compression in a closed mold. The reaction injection molding technique is described, for example, by H. Piechota and H. Röhr in "Integral Foams", Carl Hanser-Verlag, Munich, Vienna 1975; D.J. Prepelka and J.L. Wharton in Journal of Cellular Plastics, March / April 1975, pages 87 to 98 and U. Knipp in Journal of Cellular Plastics, March / April 1973, pages 76-84.
Bei Verwendung einer Mischkammer mit mehreren Zulaufdüsen können die Ausgangskomponenten einzeln zugeführt und in der Mischkammer intensiv vermischt werden. Als vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, nach dem Zweikomponenten-Verfahren zu arbeiten.If a mixing chamber with several inlet nozzles is used, the starting components can be fed in individually and mixed intensively in the mixing chamber. It has proven to be advantageous to work according to the two-component process.
Nach einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird in einem zwei-stufigen Prozeß zunächst ein NCO-gruppenhaltiges Prepoly- meres hergestellt. Dazu wird die Komponente (b) mit (a) im Überschuß üblicherweise bei Temperaturen von 80°C bis 160°C, vorzugsweise von 110°C bis 150°C, zur Reaktion gebracht. Die Reaktionszeit ist auf das Erreichen des theoretischen NCO-Gehaltes bemessen.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, a prepolymer containing NCO groups is first prepared in a two-stage process. To this end, component (b) is reacted with (a) in excess, usually at temperatures from 80 ° C. to 160 ° C., preferably from 110 ° C. to 150 ° C. The reaction time is measured when the theoretical NCO content is reached.
Bevorzugt erfolgt demnach die erfindungsgemäße Herstellung der Formkörper in einem zweistufigen Verfahren, indem man in der ersten Stufe durch Umsetzung von (a) mit (b) ein Isocyanat- gruppen aufweisendes Prepolymer herstellt und dieses Prepolymer in der zweiten Stufe in einer Form mit einer Vernetzerkomponente enthaltend gegebenenfalls die weiteren eingangs dargestellten Komponenten umsetzt .Accordingly, the molded articles according to the invention are preferably produced in a two-stage process, in which, in the first stage, a prepolymer having isocyanate groups is prepared by reacting (a) with (b) and in the second stage containing this prepolymer in a mold with a crosslinking component if applicable, implements the other components described at the beginning.
Zur Verbesserung der Entformung der Schwingungsdämpfer hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Formwerkzeuginnenflächen zumindest zu Beginn einer Produktionsreihe mit üblichen äußeren Formtrennmitteln, beispielsweise auf Wachs- oder Silikonbasis oder insbesondere mit wäßrigen Seifenlösungen, zu beschichten.To improve the demolding of the vibration dampers, it has proven to be advantageous to coat the inner surfaces of the mold at least at the beginning of a production series with customary external mold release agents, for example based on wax or silicone, or in particular with aqueous soap solutions.
Die Formstandzeiten betragen in Abhängigkeit von der Größe und Geometrie des Formteils durchschnittlich 5 bis 60 Minuten. Nach der Herstellung der Formteile in der Form können die Formteile bevorzugt für eine Dauer von 1 bis 48 Stunden bei Temperaturen von üblicherweise von 70 bis 120°C getempert werden.Depending on the size and geometry of the molded part, the mold service life averages 5 to 60 minutes. After the production of the molded parts in the mold, the molded parts can preferably be annealed for a period of 1 to 48 hours at temperatures of usually from 70 to 120 ° C.
Zu den Ausgangskomponenten zur Herstellung der Polyisocyanat- Polyadditionsprodukte kann folgendes ausgeführt werden:The following can be carried out for the starting components for the production of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products:
Als Isocyanate (a) können allgemein bekannte (cyclo) aliphatische und/oder aromatische Polyisocyanate eingesetzt werden. Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundelemente eignen sich besonders aromatische Diisocyanate, vorzugsweise 2,2 -, 2,4V- und/oder 4,4* -Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI) , 1, 5-Naphthylen- diisocyanat (NDI), 2,4- und/oder 2, 6-Toluylendiisocyanat (TDI) , 3,3* -Dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanat (TODI) , 1, 2-Diphenylethandi- isocyanat, Phenylendiisocyanat und/oder aliphatische Isocyanate wie z.B. 1, 12-Dodecan-, 2-Ethyl-l, 4-butan, 2-Methyl-l, 5-pentan- 1, 4-Butan-diisocyanat und vorzugsweise 1, 6-Hexamethylendiiso- cyanat und/oder cycloaliphatische Diisocyanate z.B. Cyclo- hexan-1,3- und 1, 4-diisocyanat, 2,4- und 2, 6-Hexahydrotoluyllen- diisocyanat, 4,4 -, 2,4V- und 2 , 2 -Dicyclohexyl ethan-diiso- cyanat, vorzugsweise l-Isocyanato-3 , 3 , 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato- methylcyclohexan und/oder Polyisocyanate wie z.B. Polyphenylpoly- methylenpolyisocyanate . Die Isocyanate können in Form der reinen Verbindung, in Mischungen und/oder in modifizierter Form, bei- spielsweise in Form von Uretdionen, Isocyanuraten, Allophanaten oder Biureten, vorzugsweise in Form von Urethan- und Isocyanat- gruppen enthaltenden Umsetzungsprodukten, sogenannten Isocyanat- Prepolymeren, eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt werden gegebenenfalls modifiziertes 2,2λ-, 2,4λ- und/oder 4, 4 -Diphenylmethandiiso- cyanat (MDI), 1, 5-Naphthylendiisocyanat (NDI), 3 , 3 '-Dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanat (TODI) , 2,4- und/oder 2 , 6-Toluylendiisocyanat (TDI) und/oder Mischungen dieser Isocyanate eingesetzt.Generally known (cyclo) aliphatic and / or aromatic polyisocyanates can be used as isocyanates (a). Aromatic diisocyanates are particularly suitable for producing the composite elements according to the invention, preferably 2,2-, 2,4 V- and / or 4,4 * -diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 2,4- and / or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 3,3 * -dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanate (TODI), 1,2-diphenylethane di-isocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate and / or aliphatic isocyanates such as 1, 12-dodecane, 2 Ethyl-1,4-butane, 2-methyl-1,5-pentane-1,4-butane diisocyanate and preferably 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and / or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, for example cyclohexane-1,3- and 1, 4-diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2, 6-hexahydrotoluyllene diisocyanate, 4,4 -, 2,4 V - and 2, 2-dicyclohexyl ethane diisocyanate, preferably l-isocyanato-3, 3, 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato-methylcyclohexane and / or polyisocyanates such as polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates. The isocyanates can be in the form of the pure compound, in mixtures and / or in modified form, for example in the form of uretdiones, isocyanurates, allophanates or biurets, preferably in the form of reaction products containing so-called isocyanate prepolymers, urethane and isocyanate groups. be used. Modified 2,2 λ -, 2,4 λ - and / or 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 3,3 '-dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanate (TODI ), 2,4- and / or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or mixtures of these isocyanates.
Als gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktive Verbindungen (b) können all- gemein bekannte PolyhydroxylVerbindungen eingesetzt werden, bevorzugt solche mit einer Funktionalität von 2 bis 3 und bevorzugt einem Molekulargewicht von 60 bis 6000, besonders bevorzugt 500 bis 6000, insbesondere 800 bis 5000. Bevorzugt werden als (b) Polyetherpolyole, Polyesterpolyalkohole und/oder hydroxylgruppen- haltige Polycarbonate eingesetzt.As compounds (b) reactive towards isocyanates, generally known polyhydroxyl compounds can be used, preferably those with a functionality of 2 to 3 and preferably a molecular weight of 60 to 6000, particularly preferably 500 to 6000, in particular 800 to 5000. Preferred as ( b) polyether polyols, polyester polyalcohols and / or hydroxyl-containing polycarbonates are used.
Geeignete Polyetherpolyole können hergestellt werden nach bekannten Verfahren, beispielsweise durch anionische Polymerisation mit Alkalihydroxiden, wie z.B. Natrium- oder Kaliumhydroxid, oder Alkalialkoholaten, wie z.B. Natriummethylat, Natrium- und Kaliumethylat oder Kaliumisopropylat, als Katalysatoren und unter Zusatz mindestens eines Startermoleküls, das 2 oder 3, vorzugsweise 2 reaktive Wasserstoffatome gebunden enthält, oder durch kationische Polymerisation mit Lewissäuren, wie z.B. Anti- monpentachlorid, Borfluorid-Etherat u.a. oder Bleicherde als Katalysatoren aus einem oder mehreren Alkylenoxiden mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffato en im Alkylenrest .Suitable polyether polyols can be prepared by known processes, for example by anionic polymerization with alkali hydroxides, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, or alkali alcoholates, such as sodium methylate, sodium and potassium ethylate or potassium isopropylate, as catalysts and with the addition of at least one starter molecule, the 2 or 3 . preferably contains 2 reactive hydrogen atoms bound, or by cationic polymerization with Lewis acids, such as, for example, antimony pentachloride, boron fluoride etherate or others, or bleaching earth as catalysts composed of one or more alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical.
Geeignete Alkylenoxide sind beispielsweise 1, 3-Propylenoxid, 1,2- bzw. 1, 3-Butylenoxid, vorzugsweise Ethylenoxid, 1, 2-Propylenoxid und Tetrahydrofuran. Die Alkylenoxide können einzeln, alter- nierend nacheinander oder als Mischung verwendet werden. Als Startermoleküle kommen beispielsweise in Betracht: Wasser, organische Dicarbonsäuren, wie Bernsteinsäure, adipinsäure, Phthalsäure und Terephthalsäure, aliphatische und aromatische, N-mono- und N, Nλ-dialkylsubstituierte Diamine mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest, wie mono- und dialkyl- substituiertes Ethylendiamin, 1, 3-Propylendiamin, 1,3- bzw. 1, 4-Butylendiamin, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5- und 1, 6-Hexamethylen- diamin, Alkanolamine, wie z.B. Ethanolamin, N-Methyl- und N-Ethylethanolamin, Dialkanolamine, wie z.B. Diethanolamin, N-Methyl- und N-Ethyl-diethanolamin, und Trialkanolamine, wie z.B. Triethanolamin, und Ammoniak. Vorzugsweise verwendet werden zwei- und oder dreiwertige Alkohole, z.B. Alkandiole mit 2 bis 12 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise 2 bis 4 C-Atomen, wie z.B. Ethandiol, Propandiol-1, 2 , und -1,3, Butandiol-1, 4, Pentrandiol-1, 5 , Hexan- diol-1,6, Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan, und Dialkylenglykole, wie z.B. Diethylen-dlykol und Dipropylenglykol .Suitable alkylene oxides are, for example, 1,3-propylene oxide, 1,2- or 1,3-butylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran. The alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as a mixture. Examples of suitable starter molecules are: water, organic dicarboxylic acids, such as succinic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid and terephthalic acid, aliphatic and aromatic, N-mono- and N, N λ- dialkyl-substituted diamines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, such as mono- and dialkyl substituted ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,3- or 1,4-butylenediamine, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5- and 1,6-hexamethylene diamine, Alkanolamines such as ethanolamine, N-methyl- and N-ethylethanolamine, dialkanolamines such as diethanolamine, N-methyl- and N-ethyl-diethanolamine, and trialkanolamines such as triethanolamine, and ammonia. Preference is given to using dihydric or trihydric alcohols, for example alkanediols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as, for example, ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol and -1,3, 1,4-butanediol, Pentrandiol-1, 5, hexanediol-1,6, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and dialkylene glycols, such as, for example, diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol.
Bevorzugt werden als (b) Polyesterpolyalkohole, im Folgenden auch als Polyesterpolyole bezeichnet, eingesetzt. Geeignete Polyesterpolyole können beispielsweise aus Dicarbonsäuren mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen und zweiwertigen Alkoholen hergestellt werden. Als Dicarbonsäuren kommen beispielsweise in Betracht: aliphatische Dicarbonsäuren, wie Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Korksäure, Azelainsäure und Sebacinsäure und aromatische Dicarbonsäuren, wie Phthalsäure, Isophthalsäure und Terephthalsäure. Die Dicarbonsäuren können einzeln oder als Gemische verwendet werden. Zur Herstellung der Polyesterpolyole kann es gegebenenfalls vorteilhaft sein, anstelle der Carbonsäure die entsprechenden Carbonsäurederivate, wie Carbonsäureester mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkoholrest, Carbonsäureanhydride oder Carbonsäurechloride zu verwenden. Beispiele für zweiwertige Alkohole sind Glykole mit 2 bis 16 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatome, wie z.B. Ethylenglykol, Di- ethylenglykol, Butandiol-1, 4, Pentandiol-1, 5 , Hexandiol-1, 6 , Decandiol-1, 10, 2-Methylpropan-l, 3-diol, 2, 2-Dimethylpropan- diol-1,3, Propandiol-1,3 und Dipropylenglykol. Je nach den ge- wünschten Eigenschaften können die zweiwertigen Alkohole allein oder gegebenenfalls in Mischungen untereinander verwendet werden.Polyester polyalcohols (hereinafter also referred to as polyester polyols) are preferably used as (b). Suitable polyester polyols can be prepared, for example, from dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and dihydric alcohols. Examples of suitable dicarboxylic acids are: aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid and aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid. The dicarboxylic acids can be used individually or as mixtures. To prepare the polyester polyols, it may be advantageous to use the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives, such as carboxylic acid esters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, carboxylic acid anhydrides or carboxylic acid chlorides, instead of the carboxylic acid. Examples of dihydric alcohols are glycols having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,10, decanediol, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol, 1,3-propanediol and dipropylene glycol. Depending on the desired properties, the dihydric alcohols can be used alone or, if appropriate, in mixtures with one another.
Als Polyesterpolyole vorzugsweise verwendet werden Ethandiol- polyadipate, 1, 4-Butandiol-polyadipate, Ethandiol-butandiol-poly- adipate, 1, 6-Hexandiol-neopentylglykol-polyadipate, 1,6-Hexan- diol-1, 4-Butandiol-polyadipate, 2-Methyl-l, 3-propandiol-l, 4- butandiol-polyadipate und/oder Polycaprolactone.Preferred polyester polyols are ethanediol polyadipates, 1,4-butanediol polyadipates, ethanediol-butanediol polyadipates, 1,6-hexanediol-neopentylglycol polyadipates, 1,6-hexanediol-1,4-butanediol polyadipates , 2-methyl-l, 3-propanediol-l, 4-butanediol polyadipate and / or polycaprolactones.
Geeignete estergruppenhaltige Polyoxyalkylenglykole, im wesentlichen Polyoxytetramethylenglykole, sind Polykondensate aus organischen, vorzugsweise aliphatischen Dicarbonsäuren, insbesondere Adipinsäure mit Polyoxymethylenglykolen des zahlenmittleren Molekulargewichtes von 162 bis 600 und gegebenenfalls aliphatischen Diolen, insbesondere Butandiol-1, 4. Ebenfalls geeignete estergruppenhaltige Polyoxytetramethylenglykole sind solche aus der Polykondensation mit e-Caprolacton gebildete Polykondensate .Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols containing ester groups, essentially polyoxytetramethylene glycols, are polycondensates of organic, preferably aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, in particular adipic acid with polyoxymethylene glycols with a number average molecular weight of 162 to 600 and optionally aliphatic diols, especially butanediol-1, 4. Also suitable with such group-containing polycondensation are polykondamyl-containing polycondensation polyglytetramoles e-Caprolactone formed polycondensates.
Geeignete carbonatgruppenhaltige Polyoxyalkylenglykole, im wesentlichen Polyoxytetramethylenglykole, sind Polykondensate aus diesen mit Alkyl- bzw. Arylcarbonaten oder Phosgen.Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols containing carbonate groups, essentially polyoxytetramethylene glycols, are polycondensates of these with alkyl or aryl carbonates or phosgene.
Beispielhafte Ausführungen zu der Komponente (b) sind in DE-A 195 48 771, Seite 6, Zeilen 26 bis 59 gegeben.Exemplary statements on component (b) are given in DE-A 195 48 771, page 6, lines 26 to 59.
Zusätzlich zu den bereits beschriebenen gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Komponenten können des weiteren niedermolekulare Kettenverlängerungs- und/oder Vernetzungsmitteln (bl) mit einem Molekulargewicht von kleiner 500, bevorzugt 60 bis 499 eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der di- und/oder trifunktionellen Alkohole, di- bis tetrafunktionellen Polyoxy- alkylen-polyole und der alkylsubstituierten aromatischen Diamine oder von Mischungen aus mindestens zwei der genannten Ketten- verlängerungs- und/oder Vernetzungsmittel.In addition to the components already reactive towards isocyanates, low molecular weight chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents (b1) with a molecular weight of less than 500, preferably 60 to 499, can also be used, for example selected from the group of the di- and / or trifunctional alcohols, di- to tetrafunctional polyoxyalkylene polyols and the alkyl-substituted aromatic diamines or mixtures of at least two of the chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents mentioned.
Als (bl) können beispielsweise Alkandiole mit 2 bis 12, bevorzugt 2, 4, oder 6 Kohlenstoffatomen verwendet werden, z.B. Ethan-, 1,3-Propan-, 1,5-Pentan-, 1,6-Hexan-, 1,7-Heptan-, 1,8-Octan-, 1,9-Nonan-, 1, 10-Decandiol und vorzugsweiseFor example, alkanediols having 2 to 12, preferably 2, 4 or 6, carbon atoms can be used as (b1), e.g. Ethane, 1,3-propane, 1,5-pentane, 1,6-hexane, 1,7-heptane, 1,8-octane, 1,9-nonane, 1, 10-decanediol and preferably
1, 4-Bütandiol, Dialkylenglykole mit 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie z.B. Diethylenglykol und Dipropylenglykol und/oder di- bis tetrafunktionelle Polyoxyalkylen-polyol .1,4-butanediol, dialkylene glycols having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, such as e.g. Diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol and / or di- to tetrafunctional polyoxyalkylene polyol.
Geeignet sind jedoch auch verzweigtkettige und/oder ungesättigte Alkandiole mit üblicherweise nicht mehr als 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie z.B. 1,2-Propandiol, 2-Methyl-, 2, 2-Dimethyl-propandiol-l, 3 , 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropandiol-l, 3, Buten-2-diol-l, 4 und Butin-2- diol-1,4, Diester der Terephthalsäure mit Glykolen mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie z.B. Terephthalsäure-bis-ethylenglykol- oder -butandiol-1, 4, Hydroxyalkylenether des Hydrochinons oder Resorcins, wie z.B. 1, 4-Di- (b-hydroxyethyl) -hydrochinon oderHowever, branched-chain and / or unsaturated alkanediols with usually not more than 12 carbon atoms, such as, for example, 1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-, 2,2-dimethyl-propanediol-1,3, are also suitable. 2-butyl-2-ethylpropanediol-1, 3, butene-2-diol-1, 4 and butyne-2-diol-1,4, diesters of terephthalic acid with glycols with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as terephthalic acid bis-ethylene glycol - or-Butanediol-1, 4, hydroxyalkylene ether of hydroquinone or resorcinol, such as 1, 4-di- (b-hydroxyethyl) hydroquinone or
1, 3-Di (b-hydroxyethyl) -resorcin, Alkanolamine mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie z.B. Ethanolamin, 2-Aminopropanol und 3-Amino- 2, 2-dimethylpropanol, N-Alkyldialkanolamine, wie z.B. N-Methyl- und N-Ethyl-diethanolamin.1,3-di (b-hydroxyethyl) resorcinol, alkanolamines with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. Ethanolamine, 2-aminopropanol and 3-amino-2, 2-dimethylpropanol, N-alkyldialkanolamines, e.g. N-methyl and N-ethyl-diethanolamine.
Als höherfunktionelle Vernetzungsmittel (bl) seien beispielsweise tri- und höherfunktionelle Alkohole, wie z.B. Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan, Pentaerythrit und Trihydroxycyclohexane sowie Trialkanolamine, wie z.B. Triethanolamin genannt.Examples of higher-functional crosslinking agents (bl) are trifunctional and higher-functional alcohols, such as Glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and trihydroxycyclohexanes as well as trialkanolamines, e.g. Called triethanolamine.
Als Kettenverlängerungsmittel können verwendet werden: alkyl- substituierte aromatische Polya ine mit Molekulargewichten vorzugsweise von 122 bis 400, insbesondere primäre aromatische Diamine, die in ortho-Stellung zu den Aminogruppen mindestens einen Alkylsubstituenten besitzen, welcher die Reaktivität der Aminogruppe durch sterische Hinderung vermindert, die bei Raumtemperatur flüssig und mit den höhermolekularen, bevorzugt mindestens difunktioneilen Verbindungen (b) unter den Verarbeitungs- bedingungen zumindest teilweise, vorzugsweise jedoch vollständig mischbar sind.The following can be used as chain extenders: alkyl-substituted aromatic polyamines with molecular weights preferably from 122 to 400, in particular primary aromatic diamines, which, in the ortho position to the amino groups, have at least one alkyl substituent which reduces the reactivity of the amino group by steric hindrance, which at Room temperature liquid and with the higher molecular weight, preferably at least difunctional compounds (b) under the processing conditions at least partially, but preferably completely miscible.
Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper können die technisch gut zugänglichen 1, 3 , 5-Triethyl-2, 4-phenylendiamin, l-Methyl-3, 5-diethyl-2, 4-phenylendiamin, Mischungen aus 1-Methyl- 3, 5-diethyl-2, 4- und -2, 6-phenylendiaminen, sogenanntes DETDA, Isomerengemische aus 3,3'-di- oder 3 , 3 ' , 5 , 5 ' -tetraalkylsubsti- tuierten 4, 4 ' -Diaminodiphenylmethanen mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen im Alkylrest, insbesondere Methyl-, Ethyl- und Isopropyl- reste gebunden enthaltende 3 , 3 ' , 5 , 5 ' -tetraalkylsubstituierte 4, ' -Diamino-diphenylmethane sowie Gemische aus den genannten tetraalkylsubstituierten 4,4' -Diamino-diphenylmethanen und DETDA verwendet werden.To produce the moldings according to the invention, the technically readily accessible 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4-phenylenediamine, l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4-phenylenediamine, mixtures of 1-methyl-3,5- diethyl-2, 4- and -2, 6-phenylenediamines, so-called DETDA, isomer mixtures of 3,3'-di- or 3, 3 ', 5, 5'-tetraalkyl-substituted 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethanes with 1 to 4 Carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, in particular 3, 3 ', 5, 5' tetraalkyl-substituted 4, '-diamino-diphenylmethanes containing methyl, ethyl and isopropyl radicals and mixtures of the tetraalkyl-substituted 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethanes mentioned and DETDA can be used.
Zur Erzielung spezieller mechanischer Eigenschaften kann es auch zweckmäßig sein, die alkylsubstituierten aromatischen Polyamine im Gemisch mit den vorgenannten niedermolekularen mehrwertigen Alkoholen, vorzugsweise zwei- und/oder dreiwertigen Alkoholen oder Dialkylenglykolen zu verwenden. Bevorzugt werden jedoch keine aromatischen Diamine eingesetzt. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Produkte somit in Abwesenheit von aromatischen Diaminen.To achieve special mechanical properties, it may also be expedient to use the alkyl-substituted aromatic polyamines in a mixture with the abovementioned low-molecular polyhydric alcohols, preferably di- and / or trihydric alcohols or dialkylene glycols. However, aromatic diamines are preferably not used. The products according to the invention are thus preferably prepared in the absence of aromatic diamines.
Die Herstellung der zelligen Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte kann bevorzugt in Gegenwart von Wasser (c) durchgeführt werden. Das Wasser wirkt sowohl als Vernetzer unter Bildung von Harnstoffgruppen als auch aufgrund der Reaktion mit Isocyanatgruppen unter Bildung von Kohlendioxid als Treibmittel . Aufgrund dieser doppelten Funktion wird es in dieser Schrift getrennt von (e) und (b) aufgeführt. Per Definition enthalten die Komponenten (b) und (e) somit kein Wasser, das per Definition ausschließlich als (e) aufgeführt wird.The cellular polyisocyanate polyadducts can preferably be prepared in the presence of water (c). The water acts both as a crosslinking agent with the formation of urea groups and because of the reaction with isocyanate groups with the formation of carbon dioxide as a blowing agent. Because of this dual function, it is listed separately from (e) and (b) in this document. By definition, components (b) and (e) therefore do not contain water, which by definition is listed exclusively as (e).
Die Wassermengen, die zweckmäßigerweise verwendet werden können, betragen 0,01 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,3 bis 3,0 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Komponente (b) . Das Wasser kann vollständig oder teilweise in Form der wäßrigen Lösungen der sulfonierten Fettsäuren eingesetzt werden.The amounts of water which can expediently be used are 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 3.0% by weight, based on the weight of component (b). All or part of the water can be used in the form of the aqueous solutions of the sulfonated fatty acids.
Zur Beschleunigung der Reaktion können dem Reaktionsansatz sowohl bei der Herstellung eines Prepolymeren als auch gegebenenfalls bei der Umsetzung eines Prepolymeren mit einer Vernetzerkomponente allgemein bekannte Katalysatoren (d) zugefügt werden. Die Katalysatoren (d) können einzeln wie auch in Abmischung miteinander zugegeben werden. Vorzugsweise sind dies metallorganische Verbindungen, wie Zinn- (II) -Salze von organischen Carbonsäuren, z.B. Zinn- (II) -dioctoat, Zinn- (II) -dilaurat, Dibutylzinndiacetat und Dibutylzinndilaurat und tertiäre Amine wie Tetramethyl- ethylendiamin, N-Methylmorpholin, Diethylbenzylamin, Triethyl- a in, Dirnethylcyclohexylamin, Diazabicyclooctan, N,N' -Dirnethyl- piperazin, N-Methyl,N' - (4-N-Dimethylamino-) Butylpiperazin, N,N,N' ,N" ,N"-Pentamethyldiethylendiamin oder ähnliche.In order to accelerate the reaction, generally known catalysts (d) can be added to the reaction mixture both in the preparation of a prepolymer and, if appropriate, in the reaction of a prepolymer with a crosslinking component. The catalysts (d) can be added individually or as a mixture with one another. These are preferably organometallic compounds, such as tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g. Tin (II) dioctoate, tin (II) dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate and dibutyltin dilaurate and tertiary amines such as tetramethyl-ethylenediamine, N-methylmorpholine, diethylbenzylamine, triethylamine, dirnethylcyclohexylamine, diazabicyclooipir-pirate 'diazabicyclooipir-pirate', , N-methyl, N '- (4-N-dimethylamino) butylpiperazine, N, N, N', N ", N" -pentamethyldiethylenediamine or the like.
Weiterhin kommen als Katalysatoren in Betracht: Amidine, wie z.B. 2 , 3-Dimethyl-3 ,4,5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidin, Tris- (dialkylamino- alkyl) -s-hexahydrotriazine, insbesondere Tris- (N,N-dimethylamino- propyl) -s-hexahydrotriazin, Tetraalkylammoniumhydroxide, wie z.B. Tetramethylammoniumhydroxid, Alkalihydroxide, wie z.B. Natrium- hydroxid, und Alkalialkoholate, wie z.B. Natriummethylat undOther suitable catalysts are: amidines, such as 2, 3-dimethyl-3, 4,5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine, tris- (dialkylaminoalkyl) -s-hexahydrotriazines, in particular tris- (N, N-dimethylamino-propyl) -s-hexahydrotriazine, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, such as e.g. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, alkali hydroxides, e.g. Sodium hydroxide and alkali alcoholates such as e.g. Sodium methylate and
Kaliumisopropylat, sowie Alkalisalze von langkettigen Fettsäuren mit 10 bis 20 C-Atomen und gegebenenfalls seitenständigen 0H- Gruppen. Je nach einzustellender Reaktivität gelangen die Katalysatoren (d) in Mengen von 0,001 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Pre- polymere, zur Anwendung.Potassium isopropylate, as well as alkali salts of long-chain fatty acids with 10 to 20 C atoms and optionally pendant 0H groups. Depending on the reactivity to be set, the catalysts (d) are used in amounts of 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, based on the prepolymer.
Gegebenenfalls können in der Polyurethanherstellung übliche Treibmittel (e) verwendet werden. Geeignet sind beispielsweise niedrig siedende Flüssigkeiten, die unter dem Einfluß der exothermen Polyadditionsreaktion verdampfen. Geeignet sind Flüssigkeiten, welche gegenüber dem organischen Polyisocyanat inert sind und Siedepunkte unter 100°C aufweisen. Beispiele derartiger, vorzugsweise verwendeter Flüssigkeiten sind halo- genierte, vorzugsweise fluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie z.B. Methylenchlorid und Dichlor onofluormethan, per- oder partiell fluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie z.B. Trifluormethan, Difluor- methan, Difluorethan, Tetrafluorethan und Heptafluorpropan,If necessary, conventional blowing agents (e) can be used in polyurethane production. Low-boiling liquids which evaporate under the influence of the exothermic polyaddition reaction are suitable, for example. Liquids which are inert to the organic polyisocyanate and have boiling points below 100 ° C. are suitable. Examples of such, preferably used liquids are halogenated, preferably fluorinated hydrocarbons, such as e.g. Methylene chloride and dichloro onofluoromethane, per- or partially fluorinated hydrocarbons, e.g. Trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, difluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane and heptafluoropropane,
Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie z.B. n- und iso-Butan, n- und iso-Pentan sowie die technischen Gemische dieser Kohlenwasserstoffe, Propan, Propylen, Hexan, Heptan, Cyclobutan, Cyclopentan und Cyclohexan, Dialkylether, wie z.B. Dimethylether, Diethylether und Furan, Carbonsäureester, wie z.B. Methyl- und Ethylformiat, Ketone, wie z.B. Aceton, und/oder fluorierte und/oder perfluorierte, tertiäre Alkylamine, wie z.B. Perfluor-dimethyl-iso-propylamin. Auch Gemische dieser niedrigsiedenden Flüssigkeiten untereinander und/oder mit anderen substituierten oder unsubstituierten Kohlen- Wasserstoffen können verwendet werden.Hydrocarbons, e.g. n- and iso-butane, n- and iso-pentane and the technical mixtures of these hydrocarbons, propane, propylene, hexane, heptane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane, dialkyl ethers, such as e.g. Dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and furan, carboxylic acid esters, e.g. Methyl and ethyl formate, ketones, e.g. Acetone, and / or fluorinated and / or perfluorinated, tertiary alkyl amines, e.g. Perfluoro-dimethyl-iso-propylamine. Mixtures of these low-boiling liquids with one another and / or with other substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbons can also be used.
Die zweckmäßigste Menge an niedrigsiedender Flüssigkeit zur Herstellung derartiger zellhaltiger elastischer Formkörper aus Harn- stoffgruppen gebunden enthaltenden Elastomeren hängt ab von der Dichte, die man erreichen will, sowie von der Menge des bevorzugt mit verwendeten Wassers . Im allgemeinen liefern Mengen von 1 bis 15 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 2 bis 11 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Komponente (b) , zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse. Besonders bevorzugt wird ausschließlich Wasser (c) als Treibmittel ein- gesetzt.The most appropriate amount of low-boiling liquid for the production of such cellular elastic molded articles from elastomers containing bound urea groups depends on the density which is to be achieved and on the amount of water preferably used. In general, amounts of 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 2 to 11% by weight, based on the weight of component (b), give satisfactory results. Water (c) is particularly preferably used as the blowing agent.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Herstellung des Formteile können Hilfsund Zusatzstoffe (f) eingesetzt werden. Dazu zählen beispielsweise allgemein bekannte oberflächenaktive Substanzen, Hydrolyse- Schutzmittel, Füllstoffe, Antioxidantien, Zellregler, Flammschutzmittel sowie Farbstoffe. Als oberflächenaktive Substanzen kommen Verbindungen in Betracht, welche zur Unterstützung der Homogenisierung der Ausgangsstoffe dienen und gegebenenfalls auch geeignet sind, die Zellstruktur zu regulieren. Genannt seien bei- spielsweise zu den erfindungsgemäßen Emulgatoren zusätzliche Verbindungen mit emulgierender Wirkung, wie die Salze von Fettsäuren mit A inen, z.B. ölsaures Diethylamin, stearinsaures Diethanol- amin, ricinolsaures Diethanolamin, Salze von Sulfonsäuren, z.B. Alkali- oder Ammoniumsalze von Dodecylbenzol- oder Dinaphthyl- methandisulfonsäure. Des weiteren kommen Schaumstabilisatoren in Frage, wie z.B. oxethylierte Alkylphenole, oxethylierte Fettalkohole, Paraffinöle, Ricinusöl- bzw. Ricinolsäureester, Türkischrotöl und Erdnußöl und Zellregler, wie Paraffine und Fettalkohole. Außerdem können als (f) Polysiloxane und/oder Fettsäuresulfonate eingesetzt werden. Als Polysiloxane können allgemein bekannte Verbindungen verwendet werden, beispielsweise Polymethylsiloxane, Polydimethylsiloxane und/oder Polyoxyalkylen- Silikon-Copolymere. Bevorzugt weisen die Polysiloxane eine Viskosität bei 25°C von 20 bis 2000 MPas auf.Auxiliaries and additives (f) can be used in the production of the molded part according to the invention. These include, for example, generally known surface-active substances, hydrolysis protection agents, fillers, antioxidants, cell regulators, flame retardants and dyes. Suitable surface-active substances are compounds which serve to support the homogenization of the starting materials and, if appropriate, are also suitable for regulating the cell structure. For example, in addition to the emulsifiers according to the invention, additional compounds with an emulsifying effect may be mentioned, such as the salts of fatty acids with amines, for example oleic acid diethylamine, stearic acid diethanol amine, ricinoleic diethanolamine, salts of sulfonic acids, for example alkali or ammonium salts of dodecylbenzene or dinaphthyl methane disulfonic acid. Foam stabilizers such as, for example, oxyethylated alkylphenols, oxyethylated fatty alcohols, paraffin oils, castor oil or ricinoleic acid esters, Turkish red oil and peanut oil and cell regulators such as paraffins and fatty alcohols are also suitable. In addition, polysiloxanes and / or fatty acid sulfonates can be used as (f). Generally known compounds can be used as polysiloxanes, for example polymethylsiloxanes, polydimethylsiloxanes and / or polyoxyalkylene-silicone copolymers. The polysiloxanes preferably have a viscosity at 25 ° C. of 20 to 2000 MPas.
Als Fettsäuresulfonate" können allgemein bekannte sulfonierte Fettsäuren, die auch kommerziell erhältlich sind, eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt wird als Fettsäuresulfonat sulfoniertes Rizinusöl eingesetzt.The fatty acid ", generally known sulfonated fatty acids that are also commercially available, can be used. Preferably used as fatty acid sulfonate sulfonated castor oil.
Die oberflächenaktiven Substanzen werden üblicherweise in Mengen von 0,01 bis 5 Gew. -Teilen, bezogen auf 100 Gew. -Teile der Komponenten (b) angewandt. The surface-active substances are usually used in amounts of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of components (b).

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Federauflage basierend auf einem hohlen, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Formkörper (i) , in dessen Hohlraum sich quer zur Längsachse des Zylinders ein Einleger (viii) befindet, der über mindestens drei Elemente, die in Aussparungen von (i) geklemmt oder eingelegt werden, befestigt wird.1. Spring support based on a hollow, essentially cylindrical molded body (i), in the cavity of which there is an insert (viii) transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, which insert is clamped or inserted over at least three elements that are recessed in (i), is attached.
2. Federauflage basierend auf einem hohlen, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Formkörper (i) mit einer Höhe (1) von 31 mm, einem Durchmesser (2) auf der Seite (ii) des Formkörpers von 80 mm, einem inneren Durchmesser (3) von 45 mm sowie Aussparungen (iii) , (iv) und (v) auf der Seite (vi) des Formkörpers .2. Spring support based on a hollow, essentially cylindrical shaped body (i) with a height (1) of 31 mm, a diameter (2) on the side (ii) of the shaped body of 80 mm, an inner diameter (3) of 45 mm and recesses (iii), (iv) and (v) on the side (vi) of the molded body.
3. Federauflage gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Formkörper (i) sich in einer Höhe (4) von 14 mm mit Ausnahme eines Stegs (vii) auf einen äußeren Durchmesser (5) von 53,5 mm verjüngt, (vii) eine Dicke (6) von 5 mm aufweist und die Aussparungen (iii) , (iv) und (v) eine Tiefe (7) von 4 mm und im Falle von (iii) und (iv) eine Breite (8) von 5 mm und hinsichtlich (v) eine Breite (9) von 10 mm aufweisen.3. Spring support according to claim 2, characterized in that the shaped body (i) tapers at a height (4) of 14 mm with the exception of a web (vii) to an outer diameter (5) of 53.5 mm, (vii) has a thickness (6) of 5 mm and the recesses (iii), (iv) and (v) a depth (7) of 4 mm and in the case of (iii) and (iv) a width (8) of 5 mm and with respect to (v) have a width (9) of 10 mm.
4. Federauflage gemäß Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser (10) 62 mm, der Durchmesser (11) 49 mm, die Höhe (12) 27 mm, die Höhe (13) 1 mm und die Höhe (14) 2 mm betragen.4. Spring support according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the diameter (10) 62 mm, the diameter (11) 49 mm, the height (12) 27 mm, the height (13) 1 mm and the height (14) 2 mm.
5. Federauflage gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4 enthaltend zusätzlich zu (i) einen Einleger (viii) , der durch die Elemente (ix) , (x) und (xi) in die Aussparungen (iii) , (iv) und (v) geklemmt oder eingelegt wird.5. Spring support according to one of claims 2 to 4 containing in addition to (i) an insert (viii) which through the elements (ix), (x) and (xi) in the recesses (iii), (iv) and (v ) is clamped or inserted.
6. Federauflage gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß6. Spring support according to claim 5, characterized in that
(viii) einen Durchmesser (15) von 49 mm, eine Dicke von 2 mm, einen Abstand (16) zwischen (x) und (ix) von 20 mm und eine Öffnung (xii) aufweist.(viii) has a diameter (15) of 49 mm, a thickness of 2 mm, a distance (16) between (x) and (ix) of 20 mm and an opening (xii).
7. Federauflage gemäß Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnung (xii) die Form eines Teilkreises aufweist.7. Spring support according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the opening (xii) has the shape of a pitch circle.
8. Federauflage gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abmessung (17) 1,5 mm und die Abmessung (18) 3,5 mm betragen. 8. Spring support according to claim 7, characterized in that the dimension (17) is 1.5 mm and the dimension (18) is 3.5 mm.
9. Einleger (viii) mit einem Durchmesser (15) von 49 mm, einer Dicke von 2 mm, einem Abstand (16) zwischen (x) und (ix) von 20 mm, einer Öffnung (xii) sowie Elementen (ix) , (x) und (xi) .9. insert (viii) with a diameter (15) of 49 mm, a thickness of 2 mm, a distance (16) between (x) and (ix) of 20 mm, an opening (xii) and elements (ix), (x) and (xi).
55
10. Federauflage gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 auf der Basis von zelligen Polyurethanelastomeren.10. Spring support according to one of claims 1 to 8 on the basis of cellular polyurethane elastomers.
11. Federauflage gemäß Anspruch 10 auf der Basis von zelligen 10 Polyurethanelastomeren mit einer Dichte nach DIN 53420 von11. Spring support according to claim 10 based on cellular 10 polyurethane elastomers with a density according to DIN 53420 of
200 bis 1100, einer Zugfestigkeit nach DIN 53571 von > 2, einer Dehnung nach DIN 53571 von > 300 und einer Weiterreißfestigkeit nach DIN 53515 von > 8 N/mm.200 to 1100, a tensile strength according to DIN 53571 of> 2, an elongation according to DIN 53571 of> 300 and a tear resistance according to DIN 53515 of> 8 N / mm.
15 12. Automobile enthaltend Federauflagen gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 oder 10.15 12. Automobiles containing spring supports according to one of claims 1 to 8 or 10.
13. Lastkraftwagen enthaltend Federauflagen gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 oder 10. 2013. Truck containing spring supports according to one of claims 1 to 8 or 10. 20
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PCT/EP2001/008054 2000-07-17 2001-07-12 Spring seat WO2002006697A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001287607A AU2001287607A1 (en) 2000-07-17 2001-07-12 Spring seat
EP01967159A EP1301730A1 (en) 2000-07-17 2001-07-12 Spring seat

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10035072.0 2000-07-17
DE2000135072 DE10035072A1 (en) 2000-07-17 2000-07-17 spring Plate

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ID=7649442

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AU (1) AU2001287607A1 (en)
DE (1) DE10035072A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002006697A1 (en)

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DE102005028761A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2007-01-04 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Spring plate for a vibration damper
WO2007012622A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Ancillary spring

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US2074136A (en) * 1934-05-25 1937-03-16 Gen Electric Resilient mounting
FR2288250A2 (en) * 1974-10-16 1976-05-14 Kleber Colombes Elastic shock absorber for wheel suspensions - with telescoping guide parts and elastic suspension sleeve of cellular elastomer
GB2030377A (en) * 1978-09-04 1980-04-02 Siemens Ag Mounting Electric Motors
EP0036994A2 (en) 1980-03-28 1981-10-07 Bayer Ag Process for preparing waterproof articles from cellular polyurethane elastomers and their use as spring elements
EP0049654A1 (en) * 1980-10-03 1982-04-14 Societe Electromecanique Du Nivernais Selni Electric motor having a resilient annular mounting device
EP0062835A1 (en) 1981-04-04 1982-10-20 Elastogran GmbH Process for the preparation of closed-cell polyurethane moulded articles having a compact outer layer
FR2507724A1 (en) * 1981-06-12 1982-12-17 Krupp Gmbh CELL SYNTHETIC SHOCK ABSORBER PAD
EP0250969A1 (en) 1986-06-24 1988-01-07 Bayer Ag Process for the preparation of cellular polyurethane elastomers
US5419539A (en) * 1993-08-16 1995-05-30 Freudenberg-Nok General Partnership Elastomeric shock absorber with positioning insert
DE19548770A1 (en) 1995-12-23 1997-06-26 Basf Ag Microcellular polyurethane elastomer containing urea groups
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US2074136A (en) * 1934-05-25 1937-03-16 Gen Electric Resilient mounting
FR2288250A2 (en) * 1974-10-16 1976-05-14 Kleber Colombes Elastic shock absorber for wheel suspensions - with telescoping guide parts and elastic suspension sleeve of cellular elastomer
GB2030377A (en) * 1978-09-04 1980-04-02 Siemens Ag Mounting Electric Motors
EP0036994A2 (en) 1980-03-28 1981-10-07 Bayer Ag Process for preparing waterproof articles from cellular polyurethane elastomers and their use as spring elements
EP0049654A1 (en) * 1980-10-03 1982-04-14 Societe Electromecanique Du Nivernais Selni Electric motor having a resilient annular mounting device
EP0062835A1 (en) 1981-04-04 1982-10-20 Elastogran GmbH Process for the preparation of closed-cell polyurethane moulded articles having a compact outer layer
FR2507724A1 (en) * 1981-06-12 1982-12-17 Krupp Gmbh CELL SYNTHETIC SHOCK ABSORBER PAD
EP0250969A1 (en) 1986-06-24 1988-01-07 Bayer Ag Process for the preparation of cellular polyurethane elastomers
US5419539A (en) * 1993-08-16 1995-05-30 Freudenberg-Nok General Partnership Elastomeric shock absorber with positioning insert
DE19548770A1 (en) 1995-12-23 1997-06-26 Basf Ag Microcellular polyurethane elastomer containing urea groups
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005028761A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2007-01-04 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Spring plate for a vibration damper
WO2007012622A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Ancillary spring

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