WO2001097304A1 - Electrode au lithium multicouche, procede de preparation associe et batteries au lithium comprenant cette electrode - Google Patents

Electrode au lithium multicouche, procede de preparation associe et batteries au lithium comprenant cette electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001097304A1
WO2001097304A1 PCT/KR2000/000616 KR0000616W WO0197304A1 WO 2001097304 A1 WO2001097304 A1 WO 2001097304A1 KR 0000616 W KR0000616 W KR 0000616W WO 0197304 A1 WO0197304 A1 WO 0197304A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lithium
layer
porous
alloy layer
porous metal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2000/000616
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English (en)
Inventor
Kyungsuk Yun
Byungwon Cho
Wonil Cho
Hyungsun Kim
Youngsoo Yoon
Unseok Kim
Sangcheol Nam
Youngchang Lim
Changhoon Choi
Hoyoung Park
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Korea Institute Of Science And Technology
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Publication date
Application filed by Korea Institute Of Science And Technology filed Critical Korea Institute Of Science And Technology
Priority to PCT/KR2000/000616 priority Critical patent/WO2001097304A1/fr
Publication of WO2001097304A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001097304A1/fr

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/06Electrodes for primary cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/40Alloys based on alkali metals
    • H01M4/405Alloys based on lithium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • lithium or lithium alloy layer and a 1A - 10 ⁇ m thick porous metal or porous
  • lithium electrode which is fabricated by in the order
  • lithium or a lithium alloy on a Cu- or Ni-current collector forming a 1A - 10 ⁇ m thick porous metal or porous carbon layer by coating a porous metal or porous carbon on the lithium or lithium alloy layer, and coating consecutively a lithium or lithium alloy layer and a porous metal or porous carbon layer on the resulting current collector, and to lithium batteries comprising it.
  • Lithium batteries are generally divided into lithium primary batteries and lithium secondary batteries according to whether or not they can be recharged.
  • lithium primary batteries lithium is used as a negative electrode material, and Li-MnO 2 , Li-(CF) n , Li-SOCI 2 , etc. are used as a positive electrode material according to the type of cathode. These batteries are presently commercialized. (J. O. Basenhard, Handbook of Battery Materials, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (1999)).
  • the lithium primary batteries are disadvantageous in that non-uniform potential distribution occurrs due to local dissolution of a lithium electrode, resulting in degradation in the utilization of the electrode.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-layered lithium electrode of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a graph illustrating the test results of the capacity and cycle characteristics of an electrode using lithium batteries obtained in Examples 1 - 5 and Comparative Example 1.
  • Figure 3 is a graph illustrating the test results of the high-rate charge characteristic of an electrode using lithium batteries obtained in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1.
  • the present invention relates to a multi-layered lithium electrode
  • a lithium electrode which is fabricated by forming a
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a multi-layered lithium electrode of the present invention.
  • a lithium or lithium alloy layer 101a is coated on a current collector 103, and the lithium or lithium alloy layer 101 a is in turn coated with a porous metal or porous carbon layer 102a.
  • This porous metal or porous carbon layer 102a is coated with a lithium or lithium alloy layer 101 b, and the lithium or lithium alloy layer 101 b is coated with a porous metal or porous carbon layer 102b.
  • a multi-layered lithium electrode is formed by sequential stacks of lithium or lithium alloy layers 101 c....101 n and porous metal or porous carbon layers 102c .... 102n.
  • 101 c...101 n are stacked at a thickness of 1A - 10 ⁇ m, but they are not limited
  • lithium or lithium alloy layers 101 a, 101 b,....101 n become thiner, the number thereof to be coated becomes larger. In this case, the performance of the battery can be improved.
  • mtals used for forming a lithium alloy in combination with metallic lithium include Al, Sn, Bi, Si, Sb, B and alloys thereof.
  • the porous metal or porous carbon layers 102a, 102b, 102c....102n are coated at a thickness of 1A - 10 ⁇ m, but they are not limited thereto.
  • metals used for the porous metal layers include Ni, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo, W, Ag, Au, Ru, Pt, Ir, Al, Sn, Bi, Si, Sb and alloys thereof.
  • carbon group materials used for the porous carbon layers includes graphite, cokes, hard carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, and activated carbon.
  • the electrical conductivity of the electrode is improved, and accordingly current and potential distribution is made constant, resulting in the suppression of local overcharging.
  • the utilization and cycle life of the electrode are increased, and because of their porosity, the porous metal layers do not reduce the transport rate of lithium, in particular, in large-sized batteries.
  • the multi-layered lithium electrode of this invention is fabricated by thin film fabrication techniques and certain pressing techniques commonly employed in an electrode fabrication process.
  • thin film fabrication techniques refers to techniques for physical deposition under a non-aqueous atmosphere. These thin film fabrication techniques include thermal deposition, electron beam deposition, ion beam deposition, sputtering, arc deposition, laser ablation deposition methods, and the like. These deposition methods are advantageous in that a desired single metal or alloy can be freely coated, a pure porous metal or porous carbon can be coated without external contamination, the uniformity of coatings can be achieved, and the deposition thickness and time can be controlled by adjusting the rate of deposition freely.
  • the lithium or lithium alloy layers and porous metal or porous carbon layers which form the lithium electrode are pressed.
  • pressing refers to densification of the layers by applying pressure.
  • Means for pressing includes a roll press and plate press. The pressure applied at this time is usually 10kg/cm 2 - 100 ton/cm 2 .
  • the method of preparing a multi-layered lithium electrode according to the present invention will now be described more specifically.
  • the multi- layered lithium electrode is fabricated as follows: a) Coating lithium or a lithium alloy on a copper or nickel current
  • lithium or lithium alloys used for fabricating the above-described lithium or lithium alloy layer include a thin plate made of lithium or a lithium alloy and fine particles thereof.
  • the multi- layered lithium electrode fabricated with sequential stacks of a lithium or lithium alloy layer and a porous metal or porous carbon layer, increases the utilization and cycle life of the lithium electrode and improves the high-rate charge and discharge characteristics by increasing the conductivity of the lithium electrode and by keeping potential distribution constant on the surface of the electrode.
  • the multi-layered lithium electrode of the present invention can be widely used to fabricate a variety of lithium batteries including lithium primary batteries and lithium secondary batteries.
  • lithium primary batteries using the lithium electrode of the present invention and MnO 2 , (DF) n or SOCI 2 as a cathode
  • lithium secondary batteries using the lithium electrode of the present invention and LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2l LiNiCoO 2 , LiMn2O 4 , V 2 O 5 , or V 6 O 13 as a cathode.
  • the lithium electrode of the present invention is advantageous in that it can be used as an anode material of a lithium ion battery using a separator such as PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), etc., a lithium polymer battery using a polymer electrolyte, and a complete solid-type lithium battery using a solid electrolyte, among the lithium secondary batteries.
  • a separator such as PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), etc.
  • Example 1 1 -1 Preparation of a multi-layered lithium anode used for lithium batteries.
  • lithium anode with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m.
  • LiCoO 2 cathode After mixing a composition of 5.7g of LiCoO 2 , 0.6g of AB (acetylene black), and 0.4g of PVdF(polyvinylidenefluoride) with an appropriate amount of NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidon) and acetone, the mixture was cast onto an aluminum thin plate when an appropriate viscosity was obtained and then dried, and thereafter rolled to prepare a LiCoO 2 cathode.
  • LiCoO 2 cathode After mixing a composition of 5.7g of LiCoO 2 , 0.6g of AB (acetylene black), and 4.0g of PVdF (polyvinylidenefluohde) with an appropriate amount of NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidon) and acetone, the mixture was cast onto an aluminum thin plate when an appropriate viscosity was obtained and then dried, and thereafter rolled to prepare a LiCoO 2 cathode.
  • AB acetylene black
  • PVdF polyvinylidenefluohde
  • Example 2-1 After stacking the multi-layered lithium anode obtained in Example 2-1 , a PP separator, and the LiCoO 2 cathode obtained in Example 2-2, injected 1 M UPF 6 solution in PC:EMC, and then sealed to prepare a lithium battery.
  • resulting plate at a thickness of 1000A by a vacuum deposition method.
  • a further 15 layers were coated to prepare a multi-layered lithium anode of about 80 ⁇ m thick.
  • LiCoO 2 cathode After mixing a composition of 5.7g of LiCoO 2 , 0.6g of AB (acetylene black), and 0.4g of PVdF (polyvinylidenefluohde) with an appropriate amount of NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidon) and acetone, the mixture was cast onto an aluminum thin plate when an appropriate viscosity was obtained and then dried, and thereafter rolled to prepare a LiCoO 2 cathode.
  • AB acetylene black
  • PVdF polyvinylidenefluohde
  • Example 3-1 After stacking the multi-layered lithium anode obtained in Example 3-1 , a PP separator, and the LiCoO 2 cathode obtained in Example 3-2, injected 1 M LiPF 6 solution in PC:EMC, and then sealed to prepare a lithium battery.
  • Example 5 After stacking the multi-layered lithium anode obtained in Example 4-1 , a PP separator, and the LiCoO 2 cathode obtained in Example 4-2, injected 1 M LiPF 6 solution in PC:EMC, and then sealed to prepare a lithium battery.
  • Example 5 After stacking the multi-layered lithium anode obtained in Example 4-1 , a PP separator, and the LiCoO 2 cathode obtained in Example 4-2, injected 1 M LiPF 6 solution in PC:EMC, and then sealed to prepare a lithium battery.
  • lithium anode of about 80 ⁇ m thick.
  • LiCoO 2 cathode After mixing a composition of 5.7g of LiCoO 2 , 0.6g of AB (acetylene black), and 0.4g of PVdF (polyvinylidenefluoride) with an appropriate amount of NMP (1 -methyl-2-pyrrolidon) and acetone, the mixture was cast onto an aluminum thin plate when an appropriate viscosity was obtained and then dried, and thereafter rolled to prepare a LiCoO 2 cathode.
  • AB acetylene black
  • PVdF polyvinylidenefluoride
  • LiCoO 2 cathode After mixing a composition of 5.7g of LiCoO 2 , 0.6g of AB (acetylene black), and 0.4g of PVdF (polyvinylidenefluoride) with an appropriate amount of NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidon) and acetone, the mixture was cast onto an aluminum thin plate when an appropriate viscosity was obtained and then dried, and thereafter rolled to prepare a LiCoO 2 cathode.
  • AB acetylene black
  • PVdF polyvinylidenefluoride
  • Example 6-1 After stacking the multi-layered lithium anode obtained in Example 6-1, a PP separator, and the LiCoO 2 cathode obtained in Example 6-2, injected 1 M LiPF 6 solution in PC:EMC, and then sealed to prepare a lithium battery.
  • LiCoO 2 cathode After mixing a composition of 5.7g of LiCoO 2 , 0.6g of AB (acetylene black), and 0.4g of PVdF (polyvinylidenefluoride) with an appropriate amount of NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidon) and acetone, the mixture was cast onto an aluminum thin plate when an appropriate viscosity was obtained and then dried, and thereafter rolled to prepare a LiCoO 2 cathode.
  • AB acetylene black
  • PVdF polyvinylidenefluoride
  • Example 7-1 After stacking the multi-layered lithium anode obtained in Example 7-1 , a PP separator, and the LiCoO 2 cathode obtained in Example 7-2, injected 1 M LiPF 6 solution in PC:EMC, and then sealed to prepare a lithium battery.
  • a high-rate discharge characteristic was tested using the lithium battery obtained in Example 3 and the lithium battery obtained in Comparative Example 1. The results thereof are illustrated in Figure 3. As illustrated therein, it is shown that the lithium battery obtained in Example 3 has a more excellent high-rate charge and discharge characteristic than the lithium battery obtained in Comparative Example 1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une électrode au lithium multicouche formée sur un collecteur de courant avec des piles successives d'une couche de lithium ou d'alliage de lithium de 10Å à 100νm d'épaisseur et d'une couche de métal poreux ou de carbone poreux de 1Å à 10νm d'épaisseur. L'invention se rapporte également au procédé de fabrication de cette électrode, ainsi qu'à des batteries au lithium comprenant ladite électrode. Plus particulièrement, la présente invention concerne une électrode au lithium fabriquée par formation successive d'une couche de lithium ou d'alliage de lithium de 10Å à 100νm d'épaisseur sur un collecteur de courant de Cu ou de Ni et d'une couche de métal poreux ou de carbone poreux de 1Å à 10νm d'épaisseur. Elle porte enfin sur des batteries au lithium comprenant cette électrode.
PCT/KR2000/000616 2000-06-12 2000-06-12 Electrode au lithium multicouche, procede de preparation associe et batteries au lithium comprenant cette electrode WO2001097304A1 (fr)

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EP1562248A3 (fr) * 2004-01-13 2005-08-17 Hitachi, Ltd. Dispositif pour le stockage d'énergie électrique
GB2412484A (en) * 2004-07-27 2005-09-28 Intellikraft Ltd Improvements relating to electron structures in batteries
FR2873854A1 (fr) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication d'une electrode lithiee, electrode lithiee susceptible d'etre obtenue par ce procede et ses utilisations
EP1271675A3 (fr) * 2001-06-20 2006-03-08 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Méthode de fabrication d'une électrode pour accumulateur au lithium
WO2006057110A1 (fr) 2004-11-26 2006-06-01 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Batterie primaire au lithium et procédé de fabrication idoine
JP2007122992A (ja) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd リチウム二次電池用負極およびリチウム二次電池の製造方法
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US7771870B2 (en) 2006-03-22 2010-08-10 Sion Power Corporation Electrode protection in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrochemical cells, including rechargeable lithium batteries
US8105717B2 (en) 1999-11-23 2012-01-31 Sion Power Corporation Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
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US8936870B2 (en) 2011-10-13 2015-01-20 Sion Power Corporation Electrode structure and method for making the same
EP2843733A1 (fr) * 2013-09-03 2015-03-04 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Électrode pour batterie rechargeable au lithium-ion et batterie rechargeable au lithium-ion l'incluant
US9005311B2 (en) 2012-11-02 2015-04-14 Sion Power Corporation Electrode active surface pretreatment
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US9219271B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2015-12-22 Oxis Energy Limited Battery electrode structure
US9548492B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2017-01-17 Sion Power Corporation Plating technique for electrode
CN106716690A (zh) * 2014-10-23 2017-05-24 株式会社Lg 化学 多层结构锂金属电极及其制造方法
US9893387B2 (en) 2013-03-25 2018-02-13 Oxis Energy Limited Method of charging a lithium-sulphur cell
US9899705B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2018-02-20 Oxis Energy Limited Electrolyte for a lithium-sulphur cell
US9935343B2 (en) 2013-03-25 2018-04-03 Oxis Energy Limited Method of cycling a lithium-sulphur cell
US10020533B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2018-07-10 Oxis Energy Limited Laminated lithium-sulphur cell
US10038223B2 (en) 2013-03-25 2018-07-31 Oxis Energy Limited Method of charging a lithium-sulphur cell
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JP2020532829A (ja) * 2017-08-30 2020-11-12 サントル・ナシオナル・ドゥ・ラ・ルシェルシュ・シアンティフィーク 複数の集電アレイを備える電極
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US10897040B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2021-01-19 Lg Chem, Ltd. Anode having double-protection layer formed thereon for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery comprising same
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US8105717B2 (en) 1999-11-23 2012-01-31 Sion Power Corporation Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
US10069146B2 (en) 1999-11-23 2018-09-04 Sion Power Corporation Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
US9653735B2 (en) 1999-11-23 2017-05-16 Sion Power Corporation Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
US9397342B2 (en) 1999-11-23 2016-07-19 Sion Power Corporation Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
US9065149B2 (en) 1999-11-23 2015-06-23 Sion Power Corporation Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
US8753771B2 (en) 1999-11-23 2014-06-17 Sion Power Corporation Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
US8728661B2 (en) 1999-11-23 2014-05-20 Sion Power Corporation Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
US8415054B2 (en) 1999-11-23 2013-04-09 Sion Power Corporation Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
US8197971B2 (en) 1999-11-23 2012-06-12 Sion Power Corporation Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
EP1271675A3 (fr) * 2001-06-20 2006-03-08 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Méthode de fabrication d'une électrode pour accumulateur au lithium
EP1562248A3 (fr) * 2004-01-13 2005-08-17 Hitachi, Ltd. Dispositif pour le stockage d'énergie électrique
US9219271B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2015-12-22 Oxis Energy Limited Battery electrode structure
GB2412484A (en) * 2004-07-27 2005-09-28 Intellikraft Ltd Improvements relating to electron structures in batteries
GB2412484B (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-03-22 Intellikraft Ltd Improvements relating to electrode structures in batteries
US8697287B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2014-04-15 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Process for manufacturing a lithiated electrode, lithiated electrode that can be obtained by this process, and its uses
JP2008508671A (ja) * 2004-07-30 2008-03-21 コミツサリア タ レネルジー アトミーク リチウム化電極製造方法、本方法により得られるリチウム化電極、ならびに、この使用
FR2873854A1 (fr) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication d'une electrode lithiee, electrode lithiee susceptible d'etre obtenue par ce procede et ses utilisations
WO2006021718A1 (fr) * 2004-07-30 2006-03-02 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Procede de fabrication d'une electrode lithiee, electrode lithiee susceptible d'etre obtenue par ce procede et ses utilisations
EP1801901A1 (fr) * 2004-11-26 2007-06-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Batterie primaire au lithium et procede de fabrication idoine
EP1801901A4 (fr) * 2004-11-26 2012-08-29 Panasonic Corp Batterie primaire au lithium et procede de fabrication idoine
WO2006057110A1 (fr) 2004-11-26 2006-06-01 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Batterie primaire au lithium et procédé de fabrication idoine
US8679684B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2014-03-25 Oxis Energy, Ltd. Electrolyte for lithium-sulphur batteries and lithium-sulphur batteries using the same
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