WO2001071103A1 - System for anchoring of objects in the ground - Google Patents

System for anchoring of objects in the ground Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001071103A1
WO2001071103A1 PCT/FR2001/000853 FR0100853W WO0171103A1 WO 2001071103 A1 WO2001071103 A1 WO 2001071103A1 FR 0100853 W FR0100853 W FR 0100853W WO 0171103 A1 WO0171103 A1 WO 0171103A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piles
anchoring system
sleeves
anchoring
ground
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2001/000853
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
André Dejoux
Maurice Liesse
Original Assignee
Dejoux Andre
Maurice Liesse
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dejoux Andre, Maurice Liesse filed Critical Dejoux Andre
Priority to AU2001244295A priority Critical patent/AU2001244295A1/en
Publication of WO2001071103A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001071103A1/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80Ground anchors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2207Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
    • E04H12/2215Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground
    • E04H12/223Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground with movable anchoring elements; with separately driven anchor rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a single or multiple anchoring system for objects on the ground either by guying, or by direct fixing by bolting on at least one anchoring head driven into the ground without having to make a hole beforehand, in which it is maintained by means of piles passing through it and having a resistance to tearing and sinking depending on the size of the anchor head, the nature of the soil, the number, dimensions and length of the piles d anchor.
  • Known anchoring means are mainly used to fix fence posts to the ground, these posts are held only on one level with respect to the anchoring. This type of anchoring is not intended to withstand very large pull-out efforts because it only involves a small volume of the soil.
  • Patent EP 0 483 158 also presents anchors for posts which are more resistant than those for fixing the fence, and a block fig. 13 and 14 which can withstand significant tearing forces.
  • This anchoring stud can be used to fix an object by screw, or guying hook from a vertical thread 27. Its pulling capacity is however limited. Because it only carries, even in large dimensions, on a relatively small volume of the ground with its four transverse struts and that it only has a single tapped hole for fixing objects to the ground. stay holes in the props are not drilled in the driving direction of the props, which rest on angles and quickly mat, which creates a clearance between the stud and its ferries.
  • the existing anchoring heads or TA comprise a maximum of six transverse anchoring struts.
  • the anchoring force of a TA is relative to the resistance of the soil, to the volume of the salt used by the stays and the length and the section of these. Their length is limited.
  • the maximum diameter of the ground cone used by said stays is 4.2 meters.
  • This anchoring system can be presented as a rigid or semi-elastic connection interface between an object or a metallic structure and the ground, by mobilizing the resistance of a volume of said ground according to the nature and the importance of the lifting and / or driving forces to which said system and the resistance of said soil are subjected, said system comprising said interface or TA anchoring head, single or multiple, said TA being provided with fixed or removable means, for guiding linear driving and embedding of anchoring piles obliquely crossing the ground, said guide means being arranged on the TA according to the driving inclination of said piles.
  • the TA is provided with rigid or elastically deformable immobilization means of said object or of the structure to be anchored.
  • the linear guide and embedding means of the anchor piles are tabular sheaths of square, cylindrical, triangular or dovetail section, depending on the shape of the pile section used . They are welded to the TA or can be dismantled (fig. 14 to 19) and provide linear guidance for anchor stakes, with angle section, tee, cross, H or tube. Ds are constituted by sheet metal plates folded according to the shape of the piles to receive, guide and immobilize and comprising fixing lugs with screws on the vertical or oblique faces of the TA and include stiffening reinforcements. These removable sleeves (fig .
  • removable sleeves can be fixed on large multiple metal structures with vertical walls (fig. 72 to 76), for example to replace traditional building foundations, by means of supports inclined at the driving angle of the piles and comprising means for fixing said sleeves.
  • These sheath supports are welded on either side of said structure, at a regular pitch depending on the nature of the ground and the forces to be supported.
  • the system comprises TAs provided with at least two to six walls inclined at the angle of driving the piles into the ground, arranged to each receive at least one fixed or removable sheath (fig. 38 to 48).
  • the system comprises TAs provided with at least two to six non-separated vertical walls (FIGS. 30 to 36), arranged to receive on each of them at least one fixed or removable sheath, inclined at the angle of driving the piles into the ground.
  • the system includes removable TAs provided with at least two to four separate vertical walls (fig. 22 to 29), arranged to receive on each of them fixed means of guidance inclined at the angle driving the piles into the ground and means for clamping the piles, rigid or elastically deformable, between said walls at the end of driving said piles.
  • the system comprises sleeves for guiding and fixing the added piles, welded or screwed, directly on the object to be anchored.
  • the system comprises multiple TAs of great length (FIGS. 66 to 76), each provided with a plurality of sleeves assembled with corner junction pieces and stiffening crosspieces, to form the foundation of prefabricated or non-prefabricated buildings; the upper part of said TA receives panels or prefabricated elements which are either immobilized on it directly by welding, or by means of profiles welded in the lower part of the panels and fixed by screws to the TA.
  • the anchoring of prefabricated building panels on the AT is ensured elastically on a rigid metal mechanically welded structure (fig.
  • the system comprises TAs constituted in a mesh structure for distributing forces in the ground by means of a set of piles immobilized rigidly or elastically on corresponding sleeves of the TA.
  • the system comprises TAs (fig. 22, 23) made up of two separate vertical walls arranged facing each other, forming between them guide sleeves for stakes constituted by continuous grooves, said stakes are immobilized at the bottom of these, after their insertion by a removable clamping means bringing said walls together, in that it comprises a boss for fixing the guying line of tents.
  • the system comprises TAs with vertical walls (fig. 36, 37) provided, in the upper part, with at least one means for fixing a post embedded in said TA, intended to immobilize a means complementary to said post, said TA comprising at least two anchoring sleeves.
  • the system comprises TAs with vertical or inclined walls, arranged to preferably withstand a unidirectional force at ground level (fig. 31, 39-40), they integrate at least three to five guide sleeves including at least two to three arranged symmetrically to the tensile force at a maximum total angle of 90 ° inclined in the direction of driving the piles and at least a third sheath arranged obliquely at the rear.
  • the system comprises TAs made in foundry, they comprise two to six equidistant sleeves secured to a central hub by ribs, said central hub having in its vertical axis a tapped hole. Single or double sleeves (fig.
  • 57 are removably attached to the part central TA with two to six arms made in foundry (fig. 61 to 65), each by an axis comprising a means of orientation of said sleeve and a threaded end for fixing on the central part.
  • the object is anchored elastically in tension or in compression on the TA by means of screws on which are engaged and prestressed elastically deformable washers by means of nuts and locknuts.
  • a thirteenth embodiment of the system comprises the fixing of the pile on its sheath is made rigidly (fig.21) by means of a bolt passing through the pile and its sheath.
  • the system includes a means ensuring the rigid positioning and orientation of the
  • Figures 1 and 2 schematically show the stresses put into the ground by the piles of a simple TA
  • Figures 3 to 13 show examples of slides or guide sleeves for the anchor piles on the different TAs
  • FIGS. 14 to 21 show examples of means for guiding the anchoring piles making it possible, at the end of driving said piles, to immobilize them on their TA;
  • Figures 22 to 24 show examples of TA with vertical wall comprising means for guiding and immobilizing flat piles with reinforcement;
  • Figures 25 to 29 show examples of TA with vertical walls with two, three and four anchor piles in the shape of a cross and Tee;
  • Figures 30 to 37 show various examples of TA configurations with vertical walls
  • Figures 38 to 48 show various examples of TA configurations with oblique walls and their anchoring means; • Figures 49 to 56 show various examples of the method of attaching objects to AT;
  • Figures 66 to 75 show various examples of multiple TA configurations of seat and anchor chaining of buildings
  • Figures 76 and 77 show examples of vibration damping means between the TA and the object to be anchored
  • Figures 78 and 79 show an example of a means of maintaining the orientation and position of the TA during the driving in of the anchor piles;
  • Figures 1 and 2 schematically show the forces involved in the soil by the piles 1, 2, 3, 4 of a TA 5.
  • the arrow 6 shows the direction of the driving and tearing forces exerted on the YOUR.
  • Figures 3 to 13 show examples of guides or sleeves for guiding the anchor piles on the different TAs.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show an example of a removable cylindrical guide sleeve 10 seen from the front and seen from the side. This sheath is welded to an intermediate plate 11 for attachment to the TAs. It has at least 4 fixing holes 12 by means of screws or bolts preferably made of stainless steel to avoid corrosion in the soil and easily allow its separation from the TA to more easily extract the piles that can be deformed in the soil and oppose a significant resistance by friction to their extraction. To increase their resistance, two ribs 13 were welded perpendicular to their axis.
  • the section of the sheath is a function of that of the stake which can be a tee, a cross, an angle or a tube.
  • the sleeve is directly welded to the wall of the TA and preferably in the corners thereof for TAs with an oblique wall.
  • Figures 5, 6 and 7 show examples of removable sleeves of square section
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of a guide means the cross section of which is in dovetail 18 welded to a plate 11 for fixing on the TA. It receives piles in Tee. Instead of a profile, you can weld two parts of folded sheet forming between them the same section.
  • Figure 9 shows an example of a guide sleeve obtained by welding a plate 20 in the interior corner 21 of a TA to receive a T-post, while Figure 10 similar to Figure 9 is provided to receive an angle section stake.
  • FIG. 11 shows a sheath of square section constituted by the welding of an angle section in the interior angle 21 of a TA for receiving piles of angle section, in Tee or in cross.
  • Figure 12 shows a sheath of tabular section 23 formed by the welding of a tube 23 in the interior corner 21 of a TA.
  • FIG. 13 shows a means for guiding a flat or slightly curved stake 25 comprising a deepening stamp 26.
  • This stake is slid into two grooves of a TA with independent vertical walls 27, 28 clamped one against the other at the end of insertion of the stakes.
  • the grooves can be produced in different ways, either in a profile 29 welded or riveted, or between two plates 30 welded or riveted on the walls of the TA.
  • Figures 14 to 21 show examples of removable sleeves for guiding the anchor piles allowing, at the end of driving said piles, to immobilize them rigidly on their TA. These sleeves include stiffening means such as those of FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • FIGS. 14 A, 14 B and 14 C show an example of a T-shaped pile guide means by means of a plate comprising folds 32 forming a triangle or U-shaped sheath, extended by two counter-folds 33, 34 comprising fixing holes on the corresponding wall 35 of the TA
  • FIG. 14B shows in section the detail of the fixing of the sheath on the TA
  • At least two conical washers with elastic deformation 36 of the "Belleville" type mounted in opposition, are interposed between the wall 35 of the TA and the sheath 33.
  • a pre-tightening is carried out on the screws 37 for fixing the sheath, slightly compressing the washers 36 to maintain the sheath leaving enough to remain of play to guide the easy insertion of the stake.
  • the screws 37 are tightened by completely compressing the washers, which has the effect of rigidly immobilizing the pile in its sheath. It is possible to provide calibrated conical washers of adequate strength, which are not blocked so as to dampen the vibrations transmitted to the AT.
  • FIG. 15 is identical to FIGS. 14, the sheath 38 receives and immobilizes a pile 39 with an angle section in the same way as in FIG. 14 A.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example of a corner sheath consisting of a plate 41 comprising two symmetrical folds 42, 43, defining, in cooperation with the walls of angles 44, 45 of a TA with walls inclined at the angle d driving the piles, a triangular section sheath to receive and immobilize a T-46 pile.
  • FIG. 17 shows a variant of FIG. 16 in which the triangular sheath to receive and immobilize a T-46 pile, is produced by forming a corner fold 50 on the TA 51 with inclined walls, cooperating with an angle iron 52 fixed with elastic washers on the TA.
  • FIG. 18 shows a variant of FIG. 16 in which the sheath, of square section for receiving and immobilizing a T-shaped pile, cross or tabular, is produced by forming two angle folds 54, 55 and two counter-folds 56 , 57 of immobilization on the TA 51 with inclined walls, fixed with elastic washers on the TA.
  • FIG. 19 shows a variant of FIG. 18 in which the sleeve, of square section for receiving and immobilizing a Tee or cross pile, is produced by means of a section profile of omega 60 of square shape in cooperation with the TA 51 with inclined walls, on which it is fixed with elastic washers.
  • Figure 20 is common with all the figures from 14 to 19. It shows an example of a guide sleeve of one of these figures produced in two parts by means of plates 62 and 63 folded to the shape of the pile to be guided and immobilized and which can be either welded to the inclined wall 64 of the TA, or immobilized by means of elastic washers as in FIG. 14A. These sleeves can also be made in a single part, either outside the wall of the TA, or inside and preferably at an angle.
  • FIG. 21 shows another means of immobilizing the profiles in their sheath by means of a bolt 65 passing through the sheath 66 and the pile 67, whatever the shape of this sheath.
  • This fixing method has the disadvantage of having to drill on site, a pilot hole can be pre-drilled in the sleeve.
  • FIG. 22 and 23 show in elevation and in top view an example of a simple AT with separate and identical vertical walls for camping tents and marabout tents comprising grooves 72, 73 for guiding and immobilizing flat stakes with reinforcement 74, 75 arranged symmetrically and in opposition with respect to a vertical axis of symmetry XX * , each inclined at an angle of approximately 45 °, in that the wall of the TA comprises a half boss 76 linked by stiffening ribs to the grooves and at lower and upper ribs, a second half-boss 77 situated above boss 76 is provided for receiving the tensioning rope of the fabric.
  • the stakes are driven in before tightening a hub 78 engaged in a hole 79 in the boss 76.
  • a small transverse pin 80 is secured to one of the bosses 77 ensures the stability of the TA during the staking of the stakes .
  • a wing nut or a quick-release lever VA of turn immobilizes the stakes on the TA.
  • the TA can be molded in thermoplastic material or in light alloy according to the applications.
  • Figure 24 shows a variant of TA with vertical walls separated from Figures 22, 23 made of sheet steel 85, 86 in which the guide grooves of stiffer and longer flat stakes are stamped.
  • FIGS. 25 to 29 show examples of TAs with separate vertical walls made of sheet steel with two, three and four anchor piles in the shape of a cross and of a T immobilized between these walls.
  • FIG. 25 shows an example of guiding and immobilizing cross-shaped piles on a TA made up of two separate parallel vertical walls.
  • Two opposite arms 90, 91 of the cross pile are guided in two identical slides 92 opposite, welded or riveted on the walls 93, 94 of the TA.
  • the other two arms 95, 96 of the pile are engaged in grooves 97, 98 of bosses 99, 100, welded to the wall 93 of the TA.
  • the screws 101 are only approached by putting in prestress washers with elastic deformation. They are only blocked at the end of pile driving.
  • Figures 26 and 27 are variants of Figure 25.
  • TA 105 and 106 each have two piles 107, 108 and 109, 110 with T-section arranged in opposition, the clamping being carried out on the T-bar for TA 105 and between the T-bar and its arm on the TA 106.
  • the T-bars are guided between a clamping boss 111, plates 112 spot welded and the grooves 97, 98 of the bosses 99, 100.
  • the clamping boss 111 is shorter than the width of the head of the tee and at least one elastic washer of the "Belleville" type is interposed on each side of the boss against the walls of the TA. It is the same for the bosses 99, 100.
  • the guides and clamps are identical to those of Figure 26
  • the TA of FIG. 28 has three vertical walls 125, 126, 127 each folded 120 ° outwards and they can have on the top a reinforcement ply 128.
  • FIG. 29 has four identical walls 130, 131, 132 , 133 folded at 90 ° and may also include a reinforcing fold 134.
  • Figures 30 to 37 show various examples of TA configurations with vertical walls and a welded or attached guide sleeve screwed with or without pile blocking means.
  • FIG. 30 shows the simplest example of a TA with a single wall 135 on which two sleeves 136, 137 are fixed or welded in opposition.
  • FIG. 31 shows an example of a TA with a single wall 140, but folded to form an angle of 90 ° maximum, two sleeves 141, 142 are screwed or welded on the outside of the wall at the driving angle of the piles.
  • Another sleeve 143 is welded obliquely outside the corner of the wall on a rib 146 to prevent the TA from tilting under the tensile force exerted for example parallel to the ground on a ring 144 screwed into a welded block 145.
  • a plate 147 ensures the stiffening of the TA.
  • the TA has three walls which together form a triangular profile on the walls of which three sleeves are welded or screwed.
  • FIG. 32 shows an example of a TA with four vertical walls 150 forming a square section on the outside of which four identical sleeves 151 are welded or screwed.
  • Figures 33 and 34 show two examples of TA with five and six vertical faces comprising as many sleeves 151 screwed or welded. For very loose floors you can use a TA with 8 faces and as many sleeves.
  • FIG. 35 shows another example of a TA with a single wall 155 folded at right angles on each of its interior and exterior faces are screwed or welded four sleeves 156.
  • a central threaded boss 157 is welded in the interior corner; an angle stiffening plate 158 is welded to the end of the TA.
  • FIGS. 36 and 37 show an example of a TA of square tabular section 160 intended to receive a post 161 embedded and to immobilize the latter on the TA by one or two angles 162 fixed by bolts on two corresponding angles 163 welded to the TA.
  • Two, three or four sleeves 164 can be used depending on the forces to be supported.
  • One can fix posts in the same way with five or six faces on TA of corresponding section.
  • Figures 38 to 48 show various examples of TA configurations with oblique walls and their anchoring means.
  • FIG. 38 shows a first example of a U-shaped TA with two oblique walls 170, 171 onto which are screwed or welded at least two sleeves 172, 173 depending on the length of the TA. At least one stiffening plate 174 is welded inside the TA. The TA can also be closed by welding a plate underneath.
  • Figure 39/40 shows an example of TA with three and four oblique walls in the shape of a pyramid with a trapezoidal base intended to receive three to five sleeves 175, 176, 177 in the angles of the kind of figure 31, whose arrow F gives the direction of the effort.
  • the angle between the sleeves 175 and 176 is 90 ° maximum.
  • FIG. 40 shows, in phantom in FIG. 39, an example of a TA with four oblique walls in the form of a truncated pyramid with a trapezoidal base, designed to receive three sheaths 179 on its oblique face 180 the longest and two others 181 on its opposite faces 182 in the corners; arrow F gives the direction of the effort.
  • the angle between the two outer sleeves 179 is 90 ° maximum.
  • Figures 41 and 42 show an example of TA with four oblique walls in the shape of a truncated pyramid with a square base, designed to receive either four sleeves 185, 186 in its angles or in the middle of its oblique faces, welded or fixed elastically.
  • Figures 43 and 44 show an example of TA with five and six oblique walls intended to receive either in their angles or in the middle of their oblique faces five or six sleeves 185, 186 welded or fixed elastically.
  • Figures 45, 46, 47 and 48 show examples of multiple TA, 190 in the form of I, 191 of T, 192 of cross and 193 of square, intended to implement a volume of soil greater than that of TA of previous figures, of the type of that of figure 38 with two oblique faces.
  • the configuration of the TA, the length of the constituent sections and the number of sheaths and piles 194 implemented are proportional to the tearing and driving load to be supported and to its direction (s). It is thus possible, without departing from the invention, to make as many configurations as there are anchoring problems to be solved by assembling, with intermediate fixing parts, as many I-sections as are necessary to support the load or loads to be anchor.
  • Figures 46 and 47 which may include as many piles in opposition or not depending on the distribution of the tearing and driving forces.
  • Figures 49 to 56 show various examples of the method of attaching objects to AT, depending on whether they are objects fixed flat or guying of large poles, pylons or various structures offering a large surface area. wind.
  • Figures 49 and 50 show in section in elevation two TA 200 and 201 with vertical or oblique walls on the top of which a U-shaped section 202 has been welded carrying at least one threaded block 203 (fig. 49) and a welded plate 205 with at least one threaded boss 206.
  • Figures 51, 52 show TA comprising a boss 210 whose tapped hole 211 is inclined in the axis of the force, for example for a guying ring (fig.51).
  • the boss 212 comprises a threaded hole 213 horizontally to support a horizontal tensile force.
  • the means for fixing the object to be anchored are adapted to the object to be fixed on the TA.
  • Figure 53 shows an example of TA with oblique faces comprising at least two threaded bosses 215 welded under the horizontal wall 216 to fix the object to be anchored.
  • Figures 54, 55, 56 show examples of bases 220, 221, 222 for poles square, round and H-shaped, attaching directly to a TA for example like that of Figure 53.
  • Figures 57 to 65 show various examples of TA configurations carried out in a foundry with fixed or removable sleeves for anchoring temporary structures.
  • FIG. 57 shows an example of a TA with one or two sleeves 225, 226, secured to a core 227 pierced with a square hole 228 and secured to a threaded boss 229, vertical or not.
  • the sleeve 226 is eliminated in the case of a single sleeve to cooperate with other TA configurations of FIGS. 61 to 65.
  • FIG. 58 shows an example of assembly of two TAs in FIG. 57 by means of a spacer 230 pierced with a square hole. The assembly is carried out by means of a square pin having a threaded part at its ends.
  • the sleeve guide hole can be cylindrical, square or triangular depending on the type of pile to be used.
  • the spacer 230 may include a threaded boss 231.
  • FIGS. 59 and 60 show front view and top view, a TA with four equidistant sleeves 233 secured to a vertical threaded core 234 by ribs 235, 236.
  • Figures 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65 show examples of cores 240 (fig. 61) having a vertical boss 234 with a threaded hole and two arms symmetrical to the vertical axis of the boss 234, each having a keyed recess anti-rotation defining the angle of inclination of the sleeves, and a tapped hole for assembling TAs of FIG. 57 to one or two sleeves as the case may be; a core 241 (fig.
  • FIGS. 62 comprising three equidistant arms 245 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57; a core 242 (fig. 63) comprising four equidistant arms 246 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57; a core 243 (fig. 64) comprising five equidistant arms 246 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57; a core 244 (fig. 65) comprising six equidistant arms 247 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57.
  • the simple sleeves can be oriented in the extension of their carrying arm.
  • FIGS. 63 comprising four equidistant arms 246 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57
  • a core 243 comprising five equidistant arms 246 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57
  • a core 244 (fig. 65) comprising six equidistant arms 247 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57.
  • 66 to 76 show various examples of configurations of multiple TA of seat and anchoring of chaining of buildings avoiding having to dig foundations and to realize rafts or screeds in concrete of distribution of the forces.
  • This seat makes prefabricated buildings integral with a very large mass of soil resistant to sinking and tearing if the prefabricated panels are sufficiently resistant in themselves and if the connection with the anchored seat is designed to resist forces corresponding to medium seismic tremors.
  • Figure 66 shows, in cross section, a profile 250 of an example of a multiple TA of seat and anchoring of prefabricated building panels, of the type of that of Figure 38, with two walls inclined at the angle d driving the stakes into their sheath 253.
  • the top 254 of the TA receives in support the prefabricated panels P which are either immobilized on it directly by welding, or for temporary buildings, by means of angle profiles 255, welded in the lower part of the panels P and fixed by screw 256 on the top 254 of the TA.
  • FIG. 67 shows in cross section, the upper face 254 of the profile 250 of an example of TA of FIG. 66 of seismic foundation and anchoring of prefabricated building panels.
  • the lower chaining profile 260 of the prefabricated panel P is pre-stressed on spring blades RI, R2, .. Rn in abutment on the top of the TA by means of two profiles 255 secured to the profile 260 fixed by a set of large screws 261 blocked in the bottom of blind threads of blocks 262 welded under the TA and of nuts 263 and against nuts 264.
  • Earthquakes of very short duration coming from the ground are absorbed by the spring blades Rl , R2 ... Rn in conjunction with the inertia of the building and the elasticity of the piles in the ground made integral with the metallic anchoring structure.
  • Figures 68 and 69 show examples of corner pieces intended to assemble profiles 250 of multiple TA of the type of those of Figures 66 and 67.
  • Fig. 68 shows an example of a corner piece 269 in two parts 270, 271 of profile 250 cut at right angles and welded together at an angle and engaged under each of the profiles to be assembled on which they are welded and riveted.
  • Fig. 69 shows another example of a corner piece 274 in the form of a gusset reinforced by at least one rib 275 of which two vertical faces 276, 277 are supported on two opposite faces 278, 279 welded at the end of the profiles 250 The facing vertical faces of the corner piece and of the profiles 250 are screwed and welded together.
  • FIG. 70 shows an example of a profile 250 of multiple TA seen in elevation showing the position of the sleeves 280 for guiding and immobilizing the anchor piles relative to the position of the ribs 257 for stiffening the profile welded between said sleeves. All TA components are treated against corrosion. The TAs of great safety which must have a long service life are preferably made of stainless steel.
  • FIG. 71 schematically shows an example of a seat and anchoring of a prefabricated building produced by means of profile 250 of TA according to FIGS. 66 to 70, with corner pieces 274.
  • Profiles 250 are used to make sleepers of stiffening 283, 284. also carrying anchoring sleeves.
  • the connection at 285 is carried out end to end by welding between the two sections 250.
  • the perpendicular connection 286 is carried out by welding on a bias cut cooperating with a welded stiffening gusset.
  • profile 250 can be reinforced by welding a plate underneath on the end of the oblique faces.
  • Other methods of assembling the prefabricated panels on top of the profiles 250 can be provided according to the method of manufacturing these panels without departing from the invention.
  • Figures 72 to 76 show, in cross-section, examples of variants of the seat structure of prefabricated or non-constituted buildings by welding standard profiles on which sheath supports have been welded on each side at a pre-defined pitch. for guiding and fixing anchor piles.
  • Figures 72 and 73 show an example in cross section and in top view of a variant of the seat structure of prefabricated buildings or not constituted by welding two standard profiles in U 305, 306 wings against wings, on the vertical side of which identical supports 307, 308 of guide sleeves and anchor pile fixing sleeves have been welded on each side at a pre-defined pitch, having a face 309 inclined to the driving angle of the piles.
  • the underside of this support is stiffened by a plate also welded against the corresponding U. Tapped bosses are welded under the face 309 for fixing the sleeves.
  • the seat structure of prefabricated or non-prefabricated buildings can be constituted by welding two standard U-shaped profiles against the wings of a standard I-shaped beam on the vertical side of the U's are welded on each side, at a pre- defined, identical supports 307, 308 for guide sleeves and for fixing anchor piles.
  • FIG. 74 shows an example in cross section of another variant of the seat structure of prefabricated buildings or not made up by welding a standard U 315 profiles arranged flat, against the wings of a standard beam 316 in I also flat and having a recess 317 in which one can either lay concrete blocks directly or prefabricated elements.
  • FIG. 75 shows an example in cross section higher than those of FIGS. previous, of another variant of the seat structure of prefabricated buildings or not constituted by welding of two standard U-shaped profiles 320, 321 facing wings, between U-shaped profiles 322, 323 arranged vertically from place to place to constitute a beam of greater rigidity against the blanks of which, in line with U 322, 323, supports 307, 308 of anchoring sleeves are welded.
  • U-shaped profiles 320, 321 facing wings between U-shaped profiles 322, 323 arranged vertically from place to place to constitute a beam of greater rigidity against the blanks of which, in line with U 322, 323, supports 307, 308 of anchoring sleeves are welded.
  • FIG. 76 shows an example of a relatively short force damper generated by gusts of storm wind on a guying ring 330 whose force is located in the extension of the axis of the threaded rod 331.
  • Damping is obtained by means of a stack of elastically deformable "Belleville” washers 331, engaged on the rod 332, prestressed in the workshop between a thick washer 333, nuts 334, 335 and locknuts 336, 337, resting on top of the AT.
  • An elastomer washer 338 seals at the "Belleville” washers 331.
  • FIG. 77 shows an example of a shock absorber of the type of that of FIG. 77, suitable for fixing objects 340 flat on top of a TA by means of several fixing points. Depreciation is obtained by pressing the object 340 on a stack of "Belleville" washers 331 engaged on a screw 341 between the base 340 and the top of the TA, the screw 341 being blocked at the bottom of its tapping. The prestressing is ensured by a nut 342 and a lock nut 343.
  • shock absorbing studs that are commonly found in commerce, but the longevity of these is insufficient for long-term fixed installations and their load capacity is generally insufficient.
  • the TA When there is a very large load to be distributed, the TA is made up of a very rigid meshed metallic structure for distributing forces in the ground by means of a set of piles rigidly or elastically immobilized on corresponding sheaths of the TA.
  • the various TAs presented in sheet steel can also be made of cast iron which resists corrosion well in the SoL Generally, apart from repetitive applications which are the subject of a range of standardized TAs, provision is made specific TA applications, adapted to the shape and characteristics of the object to be anchored. In some cases, prestressed concrete piles can be used.
  • Figures 78 and 79 show an example of a means of maintaining the orientation and the position of the TAs during the driving in of the anchor piles.
  • the top of the TA is rigidly fixed in abutment on a spider 350 of a very rigid orientation guide 351 resting on the ground by means of bearing surfaces 352 previously set by wedging in the desired orientation.
  • the arrangement of the cross leaving the guide sleeves of the TA free The insertion of the piles is carried out gradually to distribute the forces on the sleeves and the TA
  • the TA is made integral with the orientation means by a large screw 353 tightened in a TA threaded boss

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Abstract

The invention concerns an anchoring system designed to be driven into a surrounding environment, to be anchored therein by means of an assembly of anchorage pins (1, 2) each passing through it obliquely relative to the ground surface, capable after being anchored, of receiving and immobilising an object to be anchored in said surrounding environment. Said system consists of an anchoring head provided with means for fixing the object to be received and anchored, and sleeves (5) for linear guiding and fitting said pins (1) passing through them, arranged in accordance with the inclination in which they have been driven into the ground, said means guiding and fitting (5) the pins being fixed or detachable on said anchoring head.

Description

SYSTEME D'ANCRAGE D'OBJETS DANS LE SOL ANCHORAGE SYSTEM FOR OBJECTS IN THE GROUND
L'invention concerne un système d'ancrage simple ou multiple d'objets au sol soit par haubanage, soit par fixation directe par boulonnage sur au moins une tête d'ancrage enfoncée dans le sol sans avoir à effectuer préalablement de trou, dans lequel elle est maintenue au moyen de pieux la traversant et présentant une résistance à l'arrachement et à l'enfoncement fonction de la taille de la tête d'ancrage, de la nature du sol, du nombre, des dimensions et de la longueur des pieux d'ancrage.The invention relates to a single or multiple anchoring system for objects on the ground either by guying, or by direct fixing by bolting on at least one anchoring head driven into the ground without having to make a hole beforehand, in which it is maintained by means of piles passing through it and having a resistance to tearing and sinking depending on the size of the anchor head, the nature of the soil, the number, dimensions and length of the piles d anchor.
Les moyens d'ancrage connus sont principalement utilisés pour fixer au sol des poteaux de clôture, ces poteaux ne sont tenus que sur un seul niveau par rapport à l'ancrage. Ce type d'ancrage n'est pas prévu pour résister à des efforts très importants d'arrachement du fait qu'il n'intéresse qu'un faible volume du soLKnown anchoring means are mainly used to fix fence posts to the ground, these posts are held only on one level with respect to the anchoring. This type of anchoring is not intended to withstand very large pull-out efforts because it only involves a small volume of the soil.
Le brevet EP 0 483 158 présente également des ancrages de poteaux plus résistants que ceux de fixation de clôture, et un plot fig.13 et 14 qui peut résister à des efforts d'arrachement importants. Ce plot d'ancrage peut être utilisé pour fixer un objet par vis, ou crochet de haubanage à partir d'un filetage vertical 27. Sa capacité d'arrachement est cependant limitée. Du fait qu'il ne porte, même en grandes dimensions, que sur un relativement faible volume du sol avec ses quatre étais traversiers et qu'il ne comporte qu'un seul trou taraudé de fixation d'objets au sol.. De plus les trous de passage des étais ne sont pas percés dans le sens d'enfoncement des étais qui s'appuient sur des angles et se matent rapidement, ce qui crée un jeu entre le plot et ses traversiers.Patent EP 0 483 158 also presents anchors for posts which are more resistant than those for fixing the fence, and a block fig. 13 and 14 which can withstand significant tearing forces. This anchoring stud can be used to fix an object by screw, or guying hook from a vertical thread 27. Its pulling capacity is however limited. Because it only carries, even in large dimensions, on a relatively small volume of the ground with its four transverse struts and that it only has a single tapped hole for fixing objects to the ground. stay holes in the props are not drilled in the driving direction of the props, which rest on angles and quickly mat, which creates a clearance between the stud and its ferries.
D'une façon générale, les têtes d'ancrage ou TA existantes comportent un maximum de six étais traversiers d'ancrage. Or la force d'ancrage d'une TA est relative à la résistance du sol, au volume du sel mis en oeuvre par les étais et la longueur et la section de ceux-ci. Leur longueur est limitée. Pour des étais de L = 3 mètres, le diamètre maximum du cône de sol mis en œuvre par lesdits étais est de 4,2 mètres. Ces TA sont donc limitées en capacité d'ancrage au cône de terrain mis en œuvre.In general, the existing anchoring heads or TA comprise a maximum of six transverse anchoring struts. However, the anchoring force of a TA is relative to the resistance of the soil, to the volume of the salt used by the stays and the length and the section of these. Their length is limited. For stays of L = 3 meters, the maximum diameter of the ground cone used by said stays is 4.2 meters. These TAs are therefore limited in anchoring capacity to the cone of ground used.
Les problèmes à résoudre par un système d'ancrage efficace sont les suivants :The problems to be solved by an effective anchoring system are:
• adaptation à tous les types de sols, meubles, sableux, argileux, ferme, humide;• adaptation to all types of soil, furniture, sandy, clay, firm, humid;
• adaptation à tous les types de charges, de faibles à très fortes, simples ou multiples, à l'enfoncement ou à l'arrachement, verticales ou obliques ou horizontale, d'orientation fixe ou variable selon le sens du vent: unidirectionnelle, bidirectionnelle, quadridirectionnelle, multiple pour l'ancrage des structures complexes; aptes à mettre en oeuvre un volume de terrain non limité à un seul cône de sol; • être très simples et peu onéreux nécessitant des moyens très réduits et un temps très cours de mise en œuvre sans préparation préalable au sol ;• adaptation to all types of loads, from weak to very heavy, single or multiple, to sinking or tearing, vertical or oblique or horizontal, fixed or variable orientation depending on the wind direction: unidirectional, bidirectional , four-way, multiple for anchoring complex structures; able to use a volume of land not limited to a single cone of soil; • be very simple and inexpensive requiring very limited resources and a very short time of implementation without prior preparation on the ground;
• être utilisable par groupes solidaires pour supporter des efforts d'arrachement considérables sur une embase commune au groupe ou par assemblage d'éléments linéaires ; • utilisation de diverses formes et rigidité de pieux d'ancrage en fonction de la nature du sol et des efforts d'arrachement et/ou d'enfoncement;• be usable by integral groups to support considerable tearing forces on a base common to the group or by assembly of linear elements; • use of various forms and rigidity of anchor piles depending on the nature of the soil and the lifting and / or driving forces;
• éviter le matage des têtes d'ancrage contre les pieux d'ancrage;• avoid matting of the anchor heads against the anchor piles;
• être apte à supporter des vibrations au niveau de la liaison entre les pieux, la tête d'ancrage et l'objet à ancrer; • être apte à se démonter facilement et rapidement dans le cas d'ancrages provisoires, aussi bien de très courte durée que de durée indéterminée, en débarrassant complètement le terrain;• be able to withstand vibrations at the connection between the piles, the anchor head and the object to be anchored; • be able to disassemble easily and quickly in the case of temporary anchors, both of very short duration and of indefinite duration, by completely clearing the ground;
• pouvoir immobiliser les pieux sur la TA pour éviter le matage des pieux par les vibrations engendrées notamment par le vent ou retransmises par le terrain, la prise de jeu entre les pieux et la TA étant nuisible à la bonne tenue de l'objet ancré;• be able to immobilize the piles on the TA to avoid the pile matting by vibrations generated in particular by the wind or retransmitted by the ground, the clearance between the piles and the TA being detrimental to the good behavior of the anchored object;
• être apte à ancrer de très grosses et lourdes structures telles que des murs, des bâtiments préfabriqués en éléments assemblés sans fondations préalables ni radiers, ni dalles de répartition des charges ;• be able to anchor very large and heavy structures such as walls, prefabricated buildings in assembled elements without prior foundations or rafts, or load distribution slabs;
« être apte à « armer » la terre dans les zones en pente à risque de glissement de terrain ; pour consolider des digues de terre et toutes autres applications où il est nécessaire d'utiliser la résistance du sol pour le maintenir lui-même. mise en œuvre par n'importe quel type de personnel, sans savoir faire particulier à partir d'une simple notice.“Be able to“ arm ”the land in sloping areas at risk of landslides; to consolidate earth dams and all other applications where it is necessary to use the resistance of the soil to maintain it itself. implemented by any type of staff, without particular expertise from a simple notice.
Le système d'ancrage selon l'invention résout complètement tous ces problèmes. Ce système d'ancrage peut être présenté comme un interface de liaison rigide ou semi- élastique entre un objet ou une structure métallique et le sol, en mobilisant la résistance d'un volume dudit sol en fonction de la nature et de l'importance des efforts d'arrachement et/ou d'enfoncement auxquels est soumis ledit système et de la résistance dudit sol, ledit système comprenant ledit interface ou tête d'ancrage TA, simple ou multiple, ladite TA étant munie de moyens fixes ou démontables, de guidage linéaire d'enfoncement et d'encastrement de pieux d'ancrage traversant obliquement le sol, lesdits moyens de guidage étant disposés sur la TA selon l'inclinaison d'enfoncement desdits pieux. La TA, est munie de moyens d'immobilisation rigides ou élastiquement déformables dudit objet ou de la structure à ancrer. Les moyens de guidage linéaires et d'encastrement des pieux d'ancrage (fig. 3 à 12) sont des fourreaux de forme tabulaire de section carrée, cylindrique, triangulaire ou en queue d'aronde, selon la forme de la section des pieux utilisés. Ds sont soudés sur la TA ou démontables (fig. 14 à 19) et assurent le guidage linéaire de pieux d'ancrage, de section en cornière, Té, croix , H ou tube. Ds sont constitués par des plaques de tôle pliées selon la forme des pieux à recevoir, guider et immobiliser et comportant des pattes de fixation par vis sur les faces verticales ou obliques de la TA et comportent des renforts de rigidification.. Ces fourreaux démontables (fig. 14 à 19), rapportés vissés sur la TA, comportent, interposées entre eux-mêmes et la TA, des rondelles élastiquement déformables. Le serrage desdits fourreaux sur la TA est effectué après enfoncement des pieux dans le sol pour rendre lesdits pieux solidaires de la TA.The anchoring system according to the invention completely solves all these problems. This anchoring system can be presented as a rigid or semi-elastic connection interface between an object or a metallic structure and the ground, by mobilizing the resistance of a volume of said ground according to the nature and the importance of the lifting and / or driving forces to which said system and the resistance of said soil are subjected, said system comprising said interface or TA anchoring head, single or multiple, said TA being provided with fixed or removable means, for guiding linear driving and embedding of anchoring piles obliquely crossing the ground, said guide means being arranged on the TA according to the driving inclination of said piles. The TA is provided with rigid or elastically deformable immobilization means of said object or of the structure to be anchored. The linear guide and embedding means of the anchor piles (fig. 3 to 12) are tabular sheaths of square, cylindrical, triangular or dovetail section, depending on the shape of the pile section used . They are welded to the TA or can be dismantled (fig. 14 to 19) and provide linear guidance for anchor stakes, with angle section, tee, cross, H or tube. Ds are constituted by sheet metal plates folded according to the shape of the piles to receive, guide and immobilize and comprising fixing lugs with screws on the vertical or oblique faces of the TA and include stiffening reinforcements. These removable sleeves (fig . 14 to 19), reported screwed onto the TA, include, interposed between themselves and the TA, elastically deformable washers. The tightening of said sheaths on the TA is carried out after driving the piles into the ground to make said piles integral with the TA.
Ces fourreaux démontables peuvent être fixés sur de grandes structures métalliques multiples à parois verticales (fig. 72 à 76), par exemple pour remplacer les fondations traditionnelles de bâtiments, par l'intermédiaire de supports inclinés à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux et comportant des moyens de fixation desdits fourreaux. Ces supports de fourreaux sont soudés de part et d'autre de ladite structure, à un pas régulier fonction de la nature du sol et des efforts à supporter.These removable sleeves can be fixed on large multiple metal structures with vertical walls (fig. 72 to 76), for example to replace traditional building foundations, by means of supports inclined at the driving angle of the piles and comprising means for fixing said sleeves. These sheath supports are welded on either side of said structure, at a regular pitch depending on the nature of the ground and the forces to be supported.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le système comporte des TA munies d'au moins deux à six parois inclinées à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux dans le sol, aménagées pour recevoir chacune au moins un fourreau fixe ou démontable (fig. 38 à 48).According to a first embodiment, the system comprises TAs provided with at least two to six walls inclined at the angle of driving the piles into the ground, arranged to each receive at least one fixed or removable sheath (fig. 38 to 48).
Selon un second mode de réalisation, le système comporte des TA munies d'au moins deux à six parois verticales non séparées (fig.30 à 36), aménagées pour recevoir sur chacune d'elles au moins un fourreau fixe ou démontable, incliné à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux dans le sol. Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, le système comporte des TA démontables munies d'au moins deux à quatre parois verticales séparées (fig.22 à 29), aménagées pour recevoir sur chacune d'elles des moyens fixes de guidage inclinés à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux dans le sol et des moyens de serrage des pieux, rigides ou élastiquement déformables, entre lesdites parois en fin d'enfoncement desdits pieux. Selon un quatrième mode de réalisation, le système comporte des fourreaux de guidage et de fixation des pieux rapportés, soudés ou vissés, directement sur l'objet à ancrer.According to a second embodiment, the system comprises TAs provided with at least two to six non-separated vertical walls (FIGS. 30 to 36), arranged to receive on each of them at least one fixed or removable sheath, inclined at the angle of driving the piles into the ground. According to a third embodiment, the system includes removable TAs provided with at least two to four separate vertical walls (fig. 22 to 29), arranged to receive on each of them fixed means of guidance inclined at the angle driving the piles into the ground and means for clamping the piles, rigid or elastically deformable, between said walls at the end of driving said piles. According to a fourth embodiment, the system comprises sleeves for guiding and fixing the added piles, welded or screwed, directly on the object to be anchored.
Selon un cinquième mode de réalisation, le système comporte des TA multiples de grande longueur (fig. 66 à 76), munies chacune d'une pluralité de fourreaux assemblées avec des pièces de jonction d'angle et des traverses de rigidification, pour former l'assise de bâtiments préfabriqués ou non; la partie supérieure desdites TA reçoit en appui des panneaux ou éléments préfabriqués qui sont soit immobilisés sur elle directement par soudure, soit au moyen de profilés soudés en partie basse des panneaux et fixés par vis sur la TA. Selon un sixième mode de réalisation du système, l'ancrage de panneaux préfabriqués de bâtiments sur la TA est assuré élastiquement sur une structure métallique rigide mécanosoudée (fig. 67 à 76) après interposition d'un ensemble de lames de ressort entre le dessous desdits panneaux et le dessus de la structure d'ancrage et de chaînage, la fixation desdits panneaux sur ladite structure étant assurée au moyen de vis, écrous et contre écrous et de profilés solidaires desdits panneaux.According to a fifth embodiment, the system comprises multiple TAs of great length (FIGS. 66 to 76), each provided with a plurality of sleeves assembled with corner junction pieces and stiffening crosspieces, to form the foundation of prefabricated or non-prefabricated buildings; the upper part of said TA receives panels or prefabricated elements which are either immobilized on it directly by welding, or by means of profiles welded in the lower part of the panels and fixed by screws to the TA. According to a sixth embodiment of the system, the anchoring of prefabricated building panels on the AT is ensured elastically on a rigid metal mechanically welded structure (fig. 67 to 76) after interposition of a set of spring leaves between the underside of said panels and the top of the anchoring and chaining structure, the fixing of said panels on said structure being ensured by means of screws, nuts and locknuts and of profiles integral with said panels.
Selon un septième mode de réalisation, le système comporte des TA constitaées en structure maillée de répartition d'efforts dans le sol au moyen d'un ensemble de pieux immobilisés rigidement ou élastiquement sur des fourreaux correspondants de la TA. Selon un huitième mode de réalisation, le système comporte des TA (fig. 22, 23) constituées de deux parois verticales séparées disposées en regard, formant entre elles des fourreaux de guidage de piquets constitués par des ramures continues, lesdits piquets sont immobilisés au fond de celles-ci, après leur enfoncement par un moyen de serrage démontable rapprochant lesdites parois, en ce qu'elle comporte un bossage de fixation de cordage de haubanage de tentes. Selon un neuvième mode de réalisation, le système comporte des TA à parois verticales (fig. 36, 37) munies, en partie supérieure, d'au moins un moyen de fixation d'un poteau encastré dans ladite TA, destiné à immobiliser un moyen complémentaire solidaire dudit poteau, ladite TA comportant au moins deux fourreaux d'ancrage.According to a seventh embodiment, the system comprises TAs constituted in a mesh structure for distributing forces in the ground by means of a set of piles immobilized rigidly or elastically on corresponding sleeves of the TA. According to an eighth embodiment, the system comprises TAs (fig. 22, 23) made up of two separate vertical walls arranged facing each other, forming between them guide sleeves for stakes constituted by continuous grooves, said stakes are immobilized at the bottom of these, after their insertion by a removable clamping means bringing said walls together, in that it comprises a boss for fixing the guying line of tents. According to a ninth embodiment, the system comprises TAs with vertical walls (fig. 36, 37) provided, in the upper part, with at least one means for fixing a post embedded in said TA, intended to immobilize a means complementary to said post, said TA comprising at least two anchoring sleeves.
Selon un dixième mode de réalisation, le système comporte des TA à parois verticales ou inclinées, agencées pour résister préférablement à un effort unidirectionnel au ras du sol (fig.31, 39-40), elles intègrent au moins trois à cinq fourreaux de guidage dont au moins deux à trois disposés symétriquement à l'effort de traction selon un angle total maximum de 90° inclinés dans le sens d'enfoncement des pieux et au moins un troisième fourreau disposé obliquement à l'arrière. Selon un onzième mode de réalisation, le système comporte des TA réalisées en fonderie, elles comportent deux à six fourreau équidistants solidarisés à un moyeu central par des nervures, ledit moyeu central comportant dans son axe vertical un trou taraudé. Des fourreaux simples ou doubles (fig.57) sont rapportés de façon démontable sur la partie centrale de TA à deux à six bras réalisées en fonderie (fig. 61 à 65), chacun par un axe comportant un moyen d'orientation dudit fourreau et une extrémité filetée de fixation sur la partie centrale.According to a tenth embodiment, the system comprises TAs with vertical or inclined walls, arranged to preferably withstand a unidirectional force at ground level (fig. 31, 39-40), they integrate at least three to five guide sleeves including at least two to three arranged symmetrically to the tensile force at a maximum total angle of 90 ° inclined in the direction of driving the piles and at least a third sheath arranged obliquely at the rear. According to an eleventh embodiment, the system comprises TAs made in foundry, they comprise two to six equidistant sleeves secured to a central hub by ribs, said central hub having in its vertical axis a tapped hole. Single or double sleeves (fig. 57) are removably attached to the part central TA with two to six arms made in foundry (fig. 61 to 65), each by an axis comprising a means of orientation of said sleeve and a threaded end for fixing on the central part.
Selon un douzième mode de réalisation du système, l'objet est ancré élastiquement en traction ou en compression sur la TA au moyen de vis sur lesquelles sont engagées et mises en précontrainte des rondelles élastiquement déformables au moyen d'ecrous et contre écrous.According to a twelfth embodiment of the system, the object is anchored elastically in tension or in compression on the TA by means of screws on which are engaged and prestressed elastically deformable washers by means of nuts and locknuts.
Selon un treizième mode de réalisation du système comporte la fixation du pieux sur son fourreau est réalisé de façon rigide (fig.21) au moyen d'un boulon traversant le pieu et son fourreau. Le système comporte un moyen assurant le positionnement rigide et l'orientation desAccording to a thirteenth embodiment of the system comprises the fixing of the pile on its sheath is made rigidly (fig.21) by means of a bolt passing through the pile and its sheath. The system includes a means ensuring the rigid positioning and orientation of the
TA pendant l'enfoncement des pieux dans le sol (fig.79, 80).TA during the driving of the piles into the ground (fig. 79, 80).
Avantages du système d'ancrage selon l'invention:Advantages of the anchoring system according to the invention:
• Mise en œuvre immédiate sans préparation ou avec une préparation très limitée pour les grands chantiers de bâtiment. • Mise en œuvre facile même dans des sites inaccessibles aux engins de travaux publics.• Immediate implementation without preparation or with very limited preparation for large building sites. • Easy implementation even in sites inaccessible to public works machinery.
• Très grande robustesse des ancrages, très bonne tenue à renfoncement et à l'arrachement sous charge alternée, même en présence d'efforts courts et très violents du fait que les pieux d'ancrage sont rendus solidaires de la structure d'ancrage et que des amortissements élastiques sont prévus entre l'objet ou la masse à ancrer et la structure d'ancrage. • Absence de limitation de charge à l'enfoncement et à l'arrachement par rapport aux solutions traditionnelles s'appuyant sur des pieux verticaux travaillant uniquement au frottement vertical dans le sol ou sur les plots d'ancrage ponctuels. Les efforts sont répartis sur un grand volume de sol et non sur une surface de fondation.• Very strong anchorages, very good resistance to recess and tearing under alternating load, even in the presence of short and very violent forces because the anchor piles are made integral with the anchor structure and that elastic damping is provided between the object or mass to be anchored and the anchoring structure. • No load limitation in driving in and pulling out compared to traditional solutions based on vertical piles working only on vertical friction in the ground or on point anchor pads. The forces are distributed over a large volume of soil and not over a foundation surface.
• Suppression des dalles et radiers de répartition de charge et des terrassements de fondations.• Elimination of load distribution slabs and rafts and foundation earthworks.
• Excellente tenue d'ancrage dans les fonds marins ou fluviaux, en milieu aquatique par rapport aux ancrages classiques dans ces milieux• Excellent anchoring strength in the seabed or river, in an aquatic environment compared to conventional anchors in these environments
• Grande simplicité et rapidité de mise en œuvre, gain important en temps et en coût par rapport aux solutions traditionnelle de scellement par masse de béton, du fait de l'absence de temps d'attente de séchage du béton et de diminution des temps de déplacement• Great simplicity and rapidity of implementation, significant saving in time and cost compared to traditional solutions for sealing by mass of concrete, due to the absence of waiting time for concrete to dry and reduction of displacement
• Facilité de démontage de la structure d'ancrage des installations provisoires.• Ease of dismantling the anchoring structure of temporary installations.
• Permet la construction de bâtiments sur des terrains relativement instables. • Permet de mettre en œuvre des structures parasismiques à faible coût par rapport aux solutions classiques.• Allows the construction of buildings on relatively unstable terrain. • Allows the implementation of earthquake-resistant structures at low cost compared to conventional solutions.
• Applications innombrables dans des domaines très divers avec une très grande fiabilité.• Countless applications in very diverse fields with very high reliability.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture du texte qui suit, en regard des dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs des types d'ancrages réalisables avec le système selon l'invention, dans lesquels:The invention will be better understood on reading the text which follows, with reference to the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting examples of the types of anchorages achievable with the system according to the invention, in which:
• les figures 1 et 2 montrent schématiquement les efforts mis enjeu dans le sol par les pieux d'une TA simple;• Figures 1 and 2 schematically show the stresses put into the ground by the piles of a simple TA;
• les figures 3 à 13 montrent des exemples de glissières ou fourreaux de guidage des pieux d'ancrage sur les différentes TA;• Figures 3 to 13 show examples of slides or guide sleeves for the anchor piles on the different TAs;
• les figures 14 à 21 montrent des exemples de moyens de guidage des pieux d'ancrage permettant, en fin d'enfoncement desdits pieux, de les immobiliser sur leur TA;FIGS. 14 to 21 show examples of means for guiding the anchoring piles making it possible, at the end of driving said piles, to immobilize them on their TA;
• les figures 22 à 24 montrent des exemples de TA à paroi verticale comportant des moyens de guidage et d'immobilisation de pieux plats à renfort; β les figures 25 à 29 montrent des exemples de TA à parois verticales à deux, trois et quatre pieux d'ancrage en forme de croix et de Té;• Figures 22 to 24 show examples of TA with vertical wall comprising means for guiding and immobilizing flat piles with reinforcement; β Figures 25 to 29 show examples of TA with vertical walls with two, three and four anchor piles in the shape of a cross and Tee;
• les figures 30 à 37 montrent divers exemples de configurations de TA à parois verticales;• Figures 30 to 37 show various examples of TA configurations with vertical walls;
• les figures 38 à 48 montrent divers exemples de configurations de TA à parois obliques et leurs moyens d'ancrage; • les figures 49 à 56 montrent divers exemples de mode de fixation d'objets sur des TA;• Figures 38 to 48 show various examples of TA configurations with oblique walls and their anchoring means; • Figures 49 to 56 show various examples of the method of attaching objects to AT;
• les figures 57 à 65 montrent divers exemples de configurations de TA réalisées en fonderie;• Figures 57 to 65 show various examples of TA configurations made in the foundry;
• les figures 66 à 75 montrent divers exemples de configurations de TA multiples d'assise et d'ancrage de chaînage de bâtiments;• Figures 66 to 75 show various examples of multiple TA configurations of seat and anchor chaining of buildings;
• les figures 76 et 77 montrent des exemples de moyens amortisseurs de vibrations entre les TA et l'objet à ancrer;• Figures 76 and 77 show examples of vibration damping means between the TA and the object to be anchored;
• les figures 78 et 79 montrent un exemple de moyen de maintien de l'orientation et de la position des TA pendant l'enfoncement des pieux d'ancrage; les figures 1 et 2 montrent schématiquement les efforts mis enjeu dans le sol par les pieux 1, 2, 3, 4 d'une TA 5. La flèche 6 montre le sens des efforts d'enfoncement et d'arrachement s'exerçant sur la TA. Ces efforts, dans le cas d'un pylône, peuvent varier continuellement selon les changements de sens du vent. Les efforts que peut supporter la tête d'ancrage sont directement proportionnels, à l'enfoncement sur le cône de terre inférieur 7 de diamètre C, et la masse située dessous et à l'arrachement sur le cône C de terre supérieur 8. A l'enfoncement la TA peut supporter des efforts beaucoup plus importants qu'à l'arrachement. On voit que si l'on veut pouvoir supporter des efforts plus importants, il faut mettre en œuvre un volume de sol proportionnel aux efforts à supporter. Le vent provoque des vibrations sur l'objet ancré, d'autant plus importantes que sa surface exposée au vent est grande. Ces vibrations se transmettent de la TA aux pieux d'ancrage. Si la liaison entre les pieux d'ancrage et la TA présente le moindre jeu, celui-ci va s'amplifier plus ou moins rapidement par matage des pieux dans la TA au détriment de cette liaison. H est donc indispensable de pouvoir bien guider, voir encastrer les pieux dans un logement approprié de la TA et après enfoncement, de lier rigidement les pieux à la TA pour éviter la prise de jeu engendrant ce matage. Il apparaît également indispensable d'introduire un moyen d'amortissement des efforts exercés par l'objet, au niveau de la fixation de l'objet à ancrer sur la TA• Figures 78 and 79 show an example of a means of maintaining the orientation and position of the TA during the driving in of the anchor piles; Figures 1 and 2 schematically show the forces involved in the soil by the piles 1, 2, 3, 4 of a TA 5. The arrow 6 shows the direction of the driving and tearing forces exerted on the YOUR. These forces, in the case of a pylon, can vary continuously according to the changes of wind direction. The forces that the anchoring head can withstand are directly proportional to the depression on the lower earth cone 7 of diameter C, and the mass located below and the tearing off on the upper earth cone C 8. When driving in, the TA can withstand much greater efforts than when pulling out. We see that if we want to be able to withstand greater forces, we must implement a volume of soil proportional to the forces to be supported. The wind causes vibrations on the anchored object, all the more important as its surface exposed to the wind is large. These vibrations are transmitted from MT to the anchor piles. If the connection between the anchor piles and the TA has the slightest play, this will increase more or less quickly by stamping the piles in the TA to the detriment of this connection. It is therefore essential to be able to properly guide, see embedding the piles in an appropriate housing of the TA and after driving in, to rigidly link the piles to the TA to avoid taking play causing this matting. It also appears essential to introduce a means of damping the forces exerted by the object, at the level of the fixing of the object to be anchored on the AT
Les figures 3 à 13 montrent des exemples de glissières ou fourreaux de guidage des pieux d'ancrage sur les différentes TA. Les figures 3 et 4 montrent un exemple de fourreau de guidage cylindrique 10 démontable vu de l'avant et vu de côté. Ce fourreau est soudé sur une plaque intermédiaire 11 de fixation sur les TA. Elle comporte au moins 4 trous 12 de fixation au moyen de vis ou boulons préférablement en acier inoxydable pour éviter la corrosion dans le sol et permettre aisément sa désolidarisation de la TA pour extraire plus facilement les pieux pouvant être déformés dans le sol et opposer une importante résistance par frottement à leur extraction. Pour accroître leur résistance, on a soudé deux nervures 13 perpendiculaires à leur axe. La section du fourreau est fonction de celle du pieu qui peut être un Té, une croix, une cornière ou un tube. Pour les TA indémontables, le fourreau est directement soudé sur la paroi de la TA et préférablement dans les angles de celle-ci pour les TA à paroi oblique. Les figures 5, 6 et 7 montrent des exemples de fourreaux démontables de section carréeFigures 3 to 13 show examples of guides or sleeves for guiding the anchor piles on the different TAs. Figures 3 and 4 show an example of a removable cylindrical guide sleeve 10 seen from the front and seen from the side. This sheath is welded to an intermediate plate 11 for attachment to the TAs. It has at least 4 fixing holes 12 by means of screws or bolts preferably made of stainless steel to avoid corrosion in the soil and easily allow its separation from the TA to more easily extract the piles that can be deformed in the soil and oppose a significant resistance by friction to their extraction. To increase their resistance, two ribs 13 were welded perpendicular to their axis. The section of the sheath is a function of that of the stake which can be a tee, a cross, an angle or a tube. For non-removable TAs, the sleeve is directly welded to the wall of the TA and preferably in the corners thereof for TAs with an oblique wall. Figures 5, 6 and 7 show examples of removable sleeves of square section
15 et triangulaire 16, 17 montés de la même façon que celui des figures 3 et 4. Sur la figure 7, le fourreau est obtenu au moyen d'une portion de cornière 17 directement soudée sur sa plaque de fixation 11. Ce fourreau est destiné à recevoir un pieu de section en cornière.15 and triangular 16, 17 mounted in the same way as that of FIGS. 3 and 4. In FIG. 7, the sheath is obtained by means of a section of angle iron 17 directly welded to its fixing plate 11. This sheath is intended to receive an angle section pile.
La figure 8 montre un exemple de moyen de guidage dont la section est en queue d'aronde 18 soudée sur une plaque 11 de fixation sur la TA. Elle reçoit des pieux en Té. Au lieu d'un profilé, on peut souder deux parties de tôle pliée formant entre elles la même section. La figure 9 montre un exemple de fourreau de guidage obtenu par la soudure d'une plaque 20 dans l'angle intérieur 21 d'une TA pour recevoir un pieu en Té, tandis que la figure 10 similaire à la figure 9 est prévue pour recevoir un pieu de section en cornière.FIG. 8 shows an example of a guide means the cross section of which is in dovetail 18 welded to a plate 11 for fixing on the TA. It receives piles in Tee. Instead of a profile, you can weld two parts of folded sheet forming between them the same section. Figure 9 shows an example of a guide sleeve obtained by welding a plate 20 in the interior corner 21 of a TA to receive a T-post, while Figure 10 similar to Figure 9 is provided to receive an angle section stake.
La figure 11 montre un fourreau de section carrée constitué par la soudure d'un profilé en cornière dans l'angle intérieur 21 d'une TA pour recevoir des pieux de section en cornière, en Té ou en croix.FIG. 11 shows a sheath of square section constituted by the welding of an angle section in the interior angle 21 of a TA for receiving piles of angle section, in Tee or in cross.
La figure 12 montre un fourreau de section tabulaire 23 constitué par la soudure d'un tube 23 dans l'angle intérieur 21 d'une TA.Figure 12 shows a sheath of tabular section 23 formed by the welding of a tube 23 in the interior corner 21 of a TA.
La figure 13 montre un moyen de guidage de piquet plat 25 ou légèrement bombé comportant un embouti 26 de rigidification. Ce piquet est glissé dans deux rainures d'une TA à parois verticales indépendantes 27, 28 serrées l'une contre l'autre en fin d'enfoncement des piquets. Les rainures peuvent être réalisées de différentes façons, soit dans un profilé 29 soudé ou riveté, soit entre deux plaques 30 soudées ou rivetées sur les parois de la TA. les figures 14 à 21 montrent des exemples de fourreaux démontables de guidage des pieux d'ancrage permettant, en fin d'enfoncement desdits pieux, de les immobiliser rigidement sur leur TA. Ces fourreaux comportent des moyens de rigidification comme ceux des figures 3 à 5.FIG. 13 shows a means for guiding a flat or slightly curved stake 25 comprising a deepening stamp 26. This stake is slid into two grooves of a TA with independent vertical walls 27, 28 clamped one against the other at the end of insertion of the stakes. The grooves can be produced in different ways, either in a profile 29 welded or riveted, or between two plates 30 welded or riveted on the walls of the TA. Figures 14 to 21 show examples of removable sleeves for guiding the anchor piles allowing, at the end of driving said piles, to immobilize them rigidly on their TA. These sleeves include stiffening means such as those of FIGS. 3 to 5.
Les figures 14 A, 14 B et 14 C montrent un exemple de moyen de guidage de pieux en forme de Té au moyen d'une plaque comportant des plis 32 formant un fourreau en triangle ou en U, prolongés par deux contre-plis 33, 34 comportant des trous de fixation sur la paroi correspondante 35 de la TA La figure 14 B montre en coupe le détail de la fixation du fourreau sur la TA Au moins deux rondelles coniques à déformation élastique 36 de type "Belleville" montées en opposition, sont interposées entre la paroi 35 de la TA et le fourreau 33. Avant l'enfoncement du pieu en Té, un pré-serrage est effectué sur les vis 37 de fixation du fourreau, comprimant légèrement les rondelles 36 pour maintenir le fourreau en laissant subsister suffisamment de jeu pour bien guider l'enfoncement aisé du pieu.FIGS. 14 A, 14 B and 14 C show an example of a T-shaped pile guide means by means of a plate comprising folds 32 forming a triangle or U-shaped sheath, extended by two counter-folds 33, 34 comprising fixing holes on the corresponding wall 35 of the TA FIG. 14B shows in section the detail of the fixing of the sheath on the TA At least two conical washers with elastic deformation 36 of the "Belleville" type mounted in opposition, are interposed between the wall 35 of the TA and the sheath 33. Before the insertion of the T-pile, a pre-tightening is carried out on the screws 37 for fixing the sheath, slightly compressing the washers 36 to maintain the sheath leaving enough to remain of play to guide the easy insertion of the stake.
En fin d'enfoncement du pieu, les vis 37 sont serrées en comprimant complètement les rondelles, ce qui a pour effet d'immobiliser rigidement le pieu dans sont fourreau. On peut prévoir des rondelles coniques calibrées de résistance adéquate, qui ne sont pas bloquées de façon à amortir les vibrations transmises à la TAAt the end of driving the pile, the screws 37 are tightened by completely compressing the washers, which has the effect of rigidly immobilizing the pile in its sheath. It is possible to provide calibrated conical washers of adequate strength, which are not blocked so as to dampen the vibrations transmitted to the AT
La figure 15 est identique aux figures 14, le fourreau 38 reçoit et immobilise un pieu 39 de section en cornière de la même façon que sur la figure 14 A. La figure 16 montre un exemple de fourreau d'angle constitué d'une plaque 41 comportant deux plis symétriques 42, 43, définissant, en coopération avec les parois d'angles 44, 45 d'une TA à parois inclinées à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux, un fourreau de section triangulaire pour recevoir et immobiliser un pieu en Té 46. La figure 17 montre une variante de la figure 16 dans laquelle le fourreau triangulaire pour recevoir et immobiliser un pieu en Té 46, est réalisé en formant un pli d'angle 50 sur la TA 51 à parois inclinées, coopérant avec une cornière 52 fixée avec des rondelles élastiques sur la TA.FIG. 15 is identical to FIGS. 14, the sheath 38 receives and immobilizes a pile 39 with an angle section in the same way as in FIG. 14 A. FIG. 16 shows an example of a corner sheath consisting of a plate 41 comprising two symmetrical folds 42, 43, defining, in cooperation with the walls of angles 44, 45 of a TA with walls inclined at the angle d driving the piles, a triangular section sheath to receive and immobilize a T-46 pile. FIG. 17 shows a variant of FIG. 16 in which the triangular sheath to receive and immobilize a T-46 pile, is produced by forming a corner fold 50 on the TA 51 with inclined walls, cooperating with an angle iron 52 fixed with elastic washers on the TA.
La figure 18 montre une variante de la figure 16 dans laquelle le fourreau, de section carrée pour recevoir et immobiliser un pieu en Té, en croix ou tabulaire, est réalisé en formant deux plis d'angle 54, 55 et deux contre-plis 56, 57 d'immobilisation sur la TA 51 à parois inclinées, fixé avec des rondelles élastiques sur la TA.FIG. 18 shows a variant of FIG. 16 in which the sheath, of square section for receiving and immobilizing a T-shaped pile, cross or tabular, is produced by forming two angle folds 54, 55 and two counter-folds 56 , 57 of immobilization on the TA 51 with inclined walls, fixed with elastic washers on the TA.
La figure 19 montre une variante de la figure 18 dans laquelle le fourreau, de section carrée pour recevoir et immobiliser un pieu en Té ou en croix, est réalisé au moyen d'un profilé de section en oméga 60 de forme carrée en coopération avec la TA 51 à parois inclinées, sur laquelle il est fixé avec des rondelles élastiques.FIG. 19 shows a variant of FIG. 18 in which the sleeve, of square section for receiving and immobilizing a Tee or cross pile, is produced by means of a section profile of omega 60 of square shape in cooperation with the TA 51 with inclined walls, on which it is fixed with elastic washers.
La figure 20 est commune avec toutes les figures de 14 à 19. Elle montre un exemple de fourreau de guidage de l'une de ces figures réalisé en deux parties au moyen de plaques 62 et 63 pliées à la forme du pieu à guider et immobiliser et qui peuvent être, soit soudées sur la paroi inclinée 64 de la TA, soit immobilisées au moyen de rondelles élastiques comme sur la figure 14A. Ces fourreaux peuvent également être réalisés en une seule partie, soit à l'extérieur de la paroi de la TA, soit à l'intérieur et préférablement en angle.Figure 20 is common with all the figures from 14 to 19. It shows an example of a guide sleeve of one of these figures produced in two parts by means of plates 62 and 63 folded to the shape of the pile to be guided and immobilized and which can be either welded to the inclined wall 64 of the TA, or immobilized by means of elastic washers as in FIG. 14A. These sleeves can also be made in a single part, either outside the wall of the TA, or inside and preferably at an angle.
La figure 21 montre un autre moyen d'immobiliser les profilés dans leur fourreau au moyen d'un boulon 65 traversant le fourreau 66 et le pieu 67, quelle que soit la forme de ce fourreau. Ce mode de fixation présente l'inconvénient d'avoir à effectuer un perçage sur chantier, un avant trou pouvant être pré-percé dans le fourreau. les figures 22 et 23 montrent en élévation et en vue de dessus un exemples de TA simple à parois verticales séparées et identiques pour tentes de camping et tentes marabout comportant des rainures 72, 73 de guidage et d'immobilisation de piquets plats à renfort 74, 75 disposées symétriquement et en opposition par rapport à un axe de symétrie vertical XX*, inclinées chacune d'un angle d'environ 45°, en ce que la paroi de la TA comporte un demi bossage 76 lié par des nervures de rigidification aux rainures et à des nervures inférieure et supérieures, un second demi-bossage 77 situé au-dessus de bossage 76 est prévu pour recevoir le cordage de tension de la toile. L'enfoncement des piquets s'effectue avant serrage d'un moyeu 78 engagé dans un trou 79 du bossage 76. Un petit axe 80 traversant est solidarisé à l'un des bossages 77 assure la stabilité de la TA pendant l'enfoncement des piquets. En fin d'enfoncement, un écrou à ailettes ou un levier à serrage rapide VA de tour immobilise les piquets sur la TA. La TA peut être moulée en matériau thermoplastique ou en alliage léger suivant les applications.FIG. 21 shows another means of immobilizing the profiles in their sheath by means of a bolt 65 passing through the sheath 66 and the pile 67, whatever the shape of this sheath. This fixing method has the disadvantage of having to drill on site, a pilot hole can be pre-drilled in the sleeve. FIGS. 22 and 23 show in elevation and in top view an example of a simple AT with separate and identical vertical walls for camping tents and marabout tents comprising grooves 72, 73 for guiding and immobilizing flat stakes with reinforcement 74, 75 arranged symmetrically and in opposition with respect to a vertical axis of symmetry XX * , each inclined at an angle of approximately 45 °, in that the wall of the TA comprises a half boss 76 linked by stiffening ribs to the grooves and at lower and upper ribs, a second half-boss 77 situated above boss 76 is provided for receiving the tensioning rope of the fabric. The stakes are driven in before tightening a hub 78 engaged in a hole 79 in the boss 76. A small transverse pin 80 is secured to one of the bosses 77 ensures the stability of the TA during the staking of the stakes . At the end of insertion, a wing nut or a quick-release lever VA of turn immobilizes the stakes on the TA. The TA can be molded in thermoplastic material or in light alloy according to the applications.
La figure 24 montre une variante de TA à parois verticales séparées des figures 22, 23 réalisée en tôle d'acier 85, 86 dans lesquelles les rainures de guidage de piquets plats plus rigides et plus longs sont embouties. les figures 25 à 29 montrent des exemples de TA à parois verticales séparées en tôle d'acier à deux, trois et quatre pieux d'ancrage en forme de croix et de Té immobilisés entre ces parois.Figure 24 shows a variant of TA with vertical walls separated from Figures 22, 23 made of sheet steel 85, 86 in which the guide grooves of stiffer and longer flat stakes are stamped. FIGS. 25 to 29 show examples of TAs with separate vertical walls made of sheet steel with two, three and four anchor piles in the shape of a cross and of a T immobilized between these walls.
La figure 25 montre un exemple de guidage et d'immobilisation de pieux en forme de croix sur une TA constituée de deux parois verticales parallèles séparées. Deux bras opposés 90, 91 du pieu en croix sont guidés dans deux glissières identiques 92 en regard, soudées ou rivetées sur les parois 93, 94 de la TA. Les deux autres bras 95, 96 du pieu sont engagés dans des rainures 97, 98 de bossages 99, 100, soudés sur la paroi 93 de la TA. Pendant le guidage d'enfoncement du pieu, les vis 101 sont seulement approchées en mettant en précontrainte des rondelles à déformation élastique. Elles ne sont bloquées qu'en fin d'enfoncement du pieu. Les figures 26 et 27 sont des variantes de la figure 25. Les TA 105 et 106 comportent chacune deux pieux 107, 108 et 109, 110 à section en Té disposés en opposition, le serrage s'effectuant sur la barre des Té pour la TA 105 et entre la barre du Té et son bras sur la TA 106. Le guidage des Tés s'effectue entre un bossage de serrage 111, des plaques 112 soudées par points et les rainures 97, 98 des bossages 99, 100. Sur la TA 105 (fig. 26) le bossage de serrage 111 est moins long que la largeur de la tête du Té et au moins une rondelle élastique de type "Belleville" est interposée de chaque côté du bossage contre les parois de la TA. D en est de même pour les bossages 99, 100. Le blocage des vis 113, 114 n'est effectué qu'après enfoncement complet des pieux. La flèche F donne le sens de l'effort. Celui-ci pouvant être aussi bien à l'inverse. Sur la TA 106 (fig. 27) les bossages 115, 116, 117 sont soudés sur la paroi 118 de la TA, les rondelles "Belleville" sont disposées seulement du côté de la paroi 119. Les rondelles élastiques permettent d'effectuer un pré-serrage laissant subsister un jeu d'enfoncement des pieux. Sur ces deux figures, on peut prévoir un pli supérieur 120 tourné vers l'extérieur pour rigidifier chaque paroi et éventuellement fixer l'objet à ancrer. Les figures 28 et 29 sont des variantes de TA de la fig.26 à parois verticales séparées à trois pieux à section en Té pour la figures 28 et quatre pieux pour la figure 29. Les guidages et serrages sont identiques à ceux de la figure 26. La TA de la figure 28 comporte trois parois verticales 125, 126, 127 pliées chacune à 120° vers l'extérieur et elles peuvent comporter sur le dessus un pli de renfort 128. La figure 29 comporte quatre parois identiques 130, 131, 132, 133 pliées à 90° et pouvant comporter également un pli de renfort 134.FIG. 25 shows an example of guiding and immobilizing cross-shaped piles on a TA made up of two separate parallel vertical walls. Two opposite arms 90, 91 of the cross pile are guided in two identical slides 92 opposite, welded or riveted on the walls 93, 94 of the TA. The other two arms 95, 96 of the pile are engaged in grooves 97, 98 of bosses 99, 100, welded to the wall 93 of the TA. During the driving guide of the pile, the screws 101 are only approached by putting in prestress washers with elastic deformation. They are only blocked at the end of pile driving. Figures 26 and 27 are variants of Figure 25. TA 105 and 106 each have two piles 107, 108 and 109, 110 with T-section arranged in opposition, the clamping being carried out on the T-bar for TA 105 and between the T-bar and its arm on the TA 106. The T-bars are guided between a clamping boss 111, plates 112 spot welded and the grooves 97, 98 of the bosses 99, 100. On the TA 105 (fig. 26) the clamping boss 111 is shorter than the width of the head of the tee and at least one elastic washer of the "Belleville" type is interposed on each side of the boss against the walls of the TA. It is the same for the bosses 99, 100. The locking of the screws 113, 114 is only carried out after the piles have been fully inserted. The arrow F gives the direction of the effort. This can be the opposite. On the TA 106 (fig. 27) the bosses 115, 116, 117 are welded to the wall 118 of the TA, the "Belleville" washers are arranged only on the side of the wall 119. The elastic washers make it possible to make a pre -clamping leaving a pile driving pile. In these two figures, an upper fold 120 can be turned outwards to stiffen each wall and possibly fix the object to be anchored. Figures 28 and 29 are variants of TA of fig.26 with separate vertical walls with three piles with T-section for Figures 28 and four piles for Figure 29. The guides and clamps are identical to those of Figure 26 The TA of FIG. 28 has three vertical walls 125, 126, 127 each folded 120 ° outwards and they can have on the top a reinforcement ply 128. FIG. 29 has four identical walls 130, 131, 132 , 133 folded at 90 ° and may also include a reinforcing fold 134.
Les figures 30 à 37 montrent divers exemples de configurations de TA à parois verticales et à fourreau de guidage soudé ou rapporté vissé avec ou sans moyen de blocage des pieux.Figures 30 to 37 show various examples of TA configurations with vertical walls and a welded or attached guide sleeve screwed with or without pile blocking means.
La figure 30 montre le plus simple exemple de TA à paroi unique 135 sur laquelle sont fixés ou soudés en opposition deux fourreaux 136, 137.FIG. 30 shows the simplest example of a TA with a single wall 135 on which two sleeves 136, 137 are fixed or welded in opposition.
La figure 31 montre un exemple de TA à paroi unique 140, mais pliée pour former un angle de 90° maximum, deux fourreaux 141, 142 sont vissés ou soudés sur l'extérieur de la paroi à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux. Un autre fourreau 143 est soudé obliquement à l'extérieur de l'angle de la paroi sur une nervure 146 pour éviter le basculement de la TA sous l'effort de traction exercé par exemple parallèlement au sol sur un anneau 144 vissé dans un bloc soudé 145. Une plaque 147 assure la rigidification de la TA. En variante non représentée, la TA comporte trois parois formant ensemble un profilé triangulaire sur les parois de laquelle sont soudés ou vissés trois fourreaux.FIG. 31 shows an example of a TA with a single wall 140, but folded to form an angle of 90 ° maximum, two sleeves 141, 142 are screwed or welded on the outside of the wall at the driving angle of the piles. Another sleeve 143 is welded obliquely outside the corner of the wall on a rib 146 to prevent the TA from tilting under the tensile force exerted for example parallel to the ground on a ring 144 screwed into a welded block 145. A plate 147 ensures the stiffening of the TA. In a variant not shown, the TA has three walls which together form a triangular profile on the walls of which three sleeves are welded or screwed.
La figure 32 montre un exemple de TA à quatre parois verticales 150 formant une section carrée sur l'extérieur desquelles sont soudés ou vissés quatre fourreaux identiques 151.FIG. 32 shows an example of a TA with four vertical walls 150 forming a square section on the outside of which four identical sleeves 151 are welded or screwed.
Les figures 33 et 34 montrent deux exemples de TA à cinq et six faces verticales comportant autant de fourreaux 151 vissés ou soudés. Pour des sols très meubles on peut utiliser une TA à 8 faces et autant de fourreaux.Figures 33 and 34 show two examples of TA with five and six vertical faces comprising as many sleeves 151 screwed or welded. For very loose floors you can use a TA with 8 faces and as many sleeves.
La figure 35 montre un autre exemple de TA à une seule paroi 155 pliée à angle droit sur chacune de ses faces intérieures et extérieures sont vissés ou soudés quatre fourreaux 156. Un bossage central taraudé 157 est soudé dans l'angle intérieur; une plaque 158 de rigidification de l'angle est soudée sur l'extrémité de la TA.FIG. 35 shows another example of a TA with a single wall 155 folded at right angles on each of its interior and exterior faces are screwed or welded four sleeves 156. A central threaded boss 157 is welded in the interior corner; an angle stiffening plate 158 is welded to the end of the TA.
Les figures 36 et 37 montrent un exemple de TA de section tabulaire carrée 160 destinée à recevoir encastré un poteau 161 et à immobiliser celui-ci sur la TA par une ou deux cornières 162 fixées par boulons sur deux cornières correspondantes 163 soudées sur la TA. Deux, trois ou quatre fourreaux 164 peuvent être utilisés selon les efforts à supporter. On peut fixer de la même façon des poteaux à cinq ou six faces sur des TA de section correspondante. Les figures 38 à 48 montrent divers exemples de configurations de TA à parois obliques et leurs moyens d'ancrage.FIGS. 36 and 37 show an example of a TA of square tabular section 160 intended to receive a post 161 embedded and to immobilize the latter on the TA by one or two angles 162 fixed by bolts on two corresponding angles 163 welded to the TA. Two, three or four sleeves 164 can be used depending on the forces to be supported. One can fix posts in the same way with five or six faces on TA of corresponding section. Figures 38 to 48 show various examples of TA configurations with oblique walls and their anchoring means.
La figure 38 montre un premier exemple de TA en U à deux parois obliques 170, 171 sur lesquelles sont vissés ou soudés au moins deux fourreaux 172, 173 selon la longueur de la TA. Au moins une plaque de rigidification 174 est soudée à l'intérieur de la TA. On peut également fermer la TA en soudant une plaque en dessous.FIG. 38 shows a first example of a U-shaped TA with two oblique walls 170, 171 onto which are screwed or welded at least two sleeves 172, 173 depending on the length of the TA. At least one stiffening plate 174 is welded inside the TA. The TA can also be closed by welding a plate underneath.
La figure 39/40 montre un exemple de TA à trois et quatre parois obliques en forme de pyramide à base trapézoïdale prévues pour recevoir trois à cinq fourreaux 175, 176, 177 dans les angles du genre de la figure 31, dont la flèche F donne la direction de l'effort. L'angle entre les fourreaux 175 et 176 est de 90° maximum.Figure 39/40 shows an example of TA with three and four oblique walls in the shape of a pyramid with a trapezoidal base intended to receive three to five sleeves 175, 176, 177 in the angles of the kind of figure 31, whose arrow F gives the direction of the effort. The angle between the sleeves 175 and 176 is 90 ° maximum.
La figure 40 montre, en traits mixtes sur la figure 39, un exemple de TA à quatre parois obliques en forme de pyramide tronquée à base trapézoïdale, prévues pour recevoir trois fourreaux 179 sur sa face oblique 180 la plus longue et deux autres 181 sur sa face opposées 182 dans les angles; la flèche F donne la direction de l'effort. L'angle entre les deux fourreaux extérieurs 179 est de 90° maximum.FIG. 40 shows, in phantom in FIG. 39, an example of a TA with four oblique walls in the form of a truncated pyramid with a trapezoidal base, designed to receive three sheaths 179 on its oblique face 180 the longest and two others 181 on its opposite faces 182 in the corners; arrow F gives the direction of the effort. The angle between the two outer sleeves 179 is 90 ° maximum.
Les figures 41 et 42 montrent un exemple de TA à quatre parois obliques en forme de pyramide tronquée à base carrée, prévues pour recevoir soit quatre fourreaux 185, 186 dans ses angles ou au milieu de ses faces obliques, soudés ou fixés élastiquement.Figures 41 and 42 show an example of TA with four oblique walls in the shape of a truncated pyramid with a square base, designed to receive either four sleeves 185, 186 in its angles or in the middle of its oblique faces, welded or fixed elastically.
Les figures 43 et 44 montrent un exemple de TA à cinq et six parois obliques prévues pour recevoir soit dans leurs angles ou au milieu de leurs faces obliques cinq ou six fourreaux 185, 186 soudés ou fixés élastiquement.Figures 43 and 44 show an example of TA with five and six oblique walls intended to receive either in their angles or in the middle of their oblique faces five or six sleeves 185, 186 welded or fixed elastically.
Les figures 45, 46, 47 et 48 montrent des exemples de TA multiples, 190 en forme de I, 191 de Té, 192 de croix et 193 de carré, destinées à mettre en œuvre un volume de sol plus important que celui des TA des figures précédentes, du type de celui de la figure 38 à deux faces obliques. La configuration de la TA, la longueur des profilés constitutifs et le nombre de fourreaux et de pieux 194 mis en œuvre sont proportionnels à la charge d'arrachement et d'enfoncement à supporter et à sa ou ses directions. On peut ainsi, sans sortir de l'invention, réaliser autant de configurations que de problèmes d'ancrage à résoudre en assemblant, avec des pièces intermédiaires de fixation, autant de profilés en I qu'il est nécessaire pour supporter la ou les charges à ancrer.Figures 45, 46, 47 and 48 show examples of multiple TA, 190 in the form of I, 191 of T, 192 of cross and 193 of square, intended to implement a volume of soil greater than that of TA of previous figures, of the type of that of figure 38 with two oblique faces. The configuration of the TA, the length of the constituent sections and the number of sheaths and piles 194 implemented are proportional to the tearing and driving load to be supported and to its direction (s). It is thus possible, without departing from the invention, to make as many configurations as there are anchoring problems to be solved by assembling, with intermediate fixing parts, as many I-sections as are necessary to support the load or loads to be anchor.
Il en est de même pour les figures 46 et 47 qui peuvent comporter autant de pieux en opposition ou non selon la répartition des efforts d'arrachement et d'enfoncement. les figures 49 à 56 montrent divers exemples de mode de fixation d'objets sur des TA, selon qu'il s'agit d'objets fixés à plat ou de haubanage de grands poteaux, de pylônes ou de structures diverses offrant une grande surface au vent.It is the same for Figures 46 and 47 which may include as many piles in opposition or not depending on the distribution of the tearing and driving forces. Figures 49 to 56 show various examples of the method of attaching objects to AT, depending on whether they are objects fixed flat or guying of large poles, pylons or various structures offering a large surface area. wind.
Les figures 49 et 50 montrent en coupe en élévation deux TA 200 et 201 à parois verticales ou obliques sur le sommet desquelles on a soudé un profilé en U 202 portant au moins un bloc taraudé 203 (fig. 49) et une plaque soudée 205 avec au moins un bossage taraudé 206.Figures 49 and 50 show in section in elevation two TA 200 and 201 with vertical or oblique walls on the top of which a U-shaped section 202 has been welded carrying at least one threaded block 203 (fig. 49) and a welded plate 205 with at least one threaded boss 206.
Les figures 51, 52 montrent des TA comportant un bossage 210 dont le trou taraudé 211 est incliné dans l'axe de l'effort, par exemple pour un anneau de haubanage (fig.51). Sur la figure 52, le bossage 212 comporte un trou taraudé 213 horizontalement pour supporter un effort de traction horizontal Les moyens de fixation de l'objet à ancrer sont adaptés à l'objet à fixer sur la TA.Figures 51, 52 show TA comprising a boss 210 whose tapped hole 211 is inclined in the axis of the force, for example for a guying ring (fig.51). In FIG. 52, the boss 212 comprises a threaded hole 213 horizontally to support a horizontal tensile force. The means for fixing the object to be anchored are adapted to the object to be fixed on the TA.
La figure 53 montre un exemple de TA à faces obliques comportant au moins deux bossages taraudés 215 soudés sous la paroi horizontale 216 pour fixer l'objet à ancrer. Les figures 54, 55, 56 montrent des exemples d'embases 220, 221, 222 pour des poteaux section carrée, ronde et en H, se fixant directement sur une TA par exemple comme celle de la figure 53. les figures 57 à 65 montrent divers exemples de configurations de TA réalisées en fonderie comportant des fourreaux fixes, ou démontables pour l'ancrage de structures provisoires.Figure 53 shows an example of TA with oblique faces comprising at least two threaded bosses 215 welded under the horizontal wall 216 to fix the object to be anchored. Figures 54, 55, 56 show examples of bases 220, 221, 222 for poles square, round and H-shaped, attaching directly to a TA for example like that of Figure 53. Figures 57 to 65 show various examples of TA configurations carried out in a foundry with fixed or removable sleeves for anchoring temporary structures.
La figure 57 montre un exemple de TA à un ou deux fourreaux 225, 226, solidarisé à un noyau 227 percé d'un trou carré 228 et solidaire d'un bossage taraudé 229, vertical ou non. Le fourreau 226 est supprimé dans le cas d'un seul fourreau pour coopérer avec d'autres configurations de TA des fig. 61 à 65. La figure 58 montre un exemple d'assemblage de deux TA de la fig. 57 au moyen d'une entretoise 230 percée d'un trou carré. L'assemblage est effectué au moyen d'une broche carrée comportant une partie filetée à ses extrémité. Le trou de guidage des fourreaux peut être cylindrique, carré ou triangulaire selon le type de pieu que l'on veut utiliser. L'entretoise 230 peut comporter un bossage taraudé 231. Les figures 59 et 60 montrent vue de face et vue de dessus, une TA à quatre fourreaux équidistants 233 solidaires d'un noyau vertical taraudé 234 par des nervures 235, 236. Les figures 61, 62, 63, 64 et 65 montrent des exemples de noyaux 240 (fig. 61) comportant un bossage vertical 234 avec sont trou taraudé et deux bras symétriques à l'axe vertical du bossage 234, comportant chacun un encastrement formant clavette anti-rotation définissant l'angle d'inclinaison des fourreaux, et un trou taraudé pour assembler des TA de la figure 57 à un ou deux fourreaux selon les cas; un noyau 241 (fig.62) comportant trois bras équidistants 245 recevant chacun une TA démontable de la fig. 57; un noyau 242 (fig.63) comportant quatre bras équidistants 246 recevant chacun une TA démontable de la fig. 57; un noyau 243 (fig.64) comportant cinq bras équidistants 246 recevant chacun une TA démontable de la fig. 57; un noyau 244 (fig.65) comportant six bras équidistants 247 recevant chacun une TA démontable de la fig. 57. Pour mettre en œuvre un plus grand volume de terrain, les fourreaux simples peuvent être orienté dans le prolongement de leur bras porteur. les figures 66 à 76 montrent divers exemples de configurations de TA multiples d'assise et d'ancrage de chaînage de bâtiments évitant d'avoir à creuser des fondations et de réaliser des radiers ou chapes en béton de répartition des efforts. Cette assise rend les bâtiments préfabriqués solidaires d'une masse très importante de sol résistant à l'enfoncement et à l'arrachement si les panneaux préfabriqués sont suffisamment résistants en eux-mêmes et si la liaison avec l'assise ancrée est prévue pour résister à des efforts correspondant à des secousses sismiques moyennes.FIG. 57 shows an example of a TA with one or two sleeves 225, 226, secured to a core 227 pierced with a square hole 228 and secured to a threaded boss 229, vertical or not. The sleeve 226 is eliminated in the case of a single sleeve to cooperate with other TA configurations of FIGS. 61 to 65. FIG. 58 shows an example of assembly of two TAs in FIG. 57 by means of a spacer 230 pierced with a square hole. The assembly is carried out by means of a square pin having a threaded part at its ends. The sleeve guide hole can be cylindrical, square or triangular depending on the type of pile to be used. The spacer 230 may include a threaded boss 231. FIGS. 59 and 60 show front view and top view, a TA with four equidistant sleeves 233 secured to a vertical threaded core 234 by ribs 235, 236. Figures 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65 show examples of cores 240 (fig. 61) having a vertical boss 234 with a threaded hole and two arms symmetrical to the vertical axis of the boss 234, each having a keyed recess anti-rotation defining the angle of inclination of the sleeves, and a tapped hole for assembling TAs of FIG. 57 to one or two sleeves as the case may be; a core 241 (fig. 62) comprising three equidistant arms 245 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57; a core 242 (fig. 63) comprising four equidistant arms 246 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57; a core 243 (fig. 64) comprising five equidistant arms 246 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57; a core 244 (fig. 65) comprising six equidistant arms 247 each receiving a removable TA from FIG. 57. To implement a larger volume of land, the simple sleeves can be oriented in the extension of their carrying arm. FIGS. 66 to 76 show various examples of configurations of multiple TA of seat and anchoring of chaining of buildings avoiding having to dig foundations and to realize rafts or screeds in concrete of distribution of the forces. This seat makes prefabricated buildings integral with a very large mass of soil resistant to sinking and tearing if the prefabricated panels are sufficiently resistant in themselves and if the connection with the anchored seat is designed to resist forces corresponding to medium seismic tremors.
La figure 66 montre, en coupe transversale, un profilé 250 d'un exemple de TA multiple d'assise et d'ancrage de panneaux de bâtiments préfabriqués, du type de celui de la figure 38, avec deux parois inclinées à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux dans leur fourreau 253. Pour accroître la rigidité de l'ancrage de ce type d'assise, il est nécessaire de verrouiller chaque pieu, préférablement de section en croix, dans des fourreaux comme ceux de la figure 19. Le dessus 254 de la TA reçoit en appui les panneaux préfabriqués P qui sont soit immobilisés sur elle directement par soudure, soit pour des bâtiments provisoires, au moyen de profilés en cornière 255, soudés en partie basse des panneaux P et fixé par vis 256 sur le dessus 254 de la TA. Les profilés 250 de TA sont rigidifiés de place en place par des nervures soudées 257 ou par une plaque de fermeture 258. D'autres types de structures de TA plus robustes sont présentées plus loin. La figure 67 montre en coupe transversale, la face supérieure 254 du profilé 250 d'un exemple de TA de la fig. 66 d'assise et d'ancrage parasismique de panneaux de bâtiments préfabriqués. Le profilé inférieur 260 de chaînage du panneau préfabriqué P est mis en pré-contrainte sur des lames de ressort RI, R2,.. Rn en appui sur le dessus de la TA par l'intermédiaire de deux profilés 255 solidaires du profilé 260 fixés par un ensemble de grosses vis 261 bloquées dans le fond de taraudages aveugles de blocs 262 soudés sous la TA et d'ecrous 263 et contre écrous 264. Les secousses sismiques de très faible durée en provenance du sol, sont amorties par les lames de ressort Rl,R2...Rn en conjugaison avec l'inertie du bâtiment et l'élasticité des pieux dans le sol rendus solidaires de la structure métallique d'ancrage.Figure 66 shows, in cross section, a profile 250 of an example of a multiple TA of seat and anchoring of prefabricated building panels, of the type of that of Figure 38, with two walls inclined at the angle d driving the stakes into their sheath 253. To increase the rigidity of the anchoring of this type of seat, it is necessary to lock each stake, preferably of cross section, in sheaths like those of Figure 19. The top 254 of the TA receives in support the prefabricated panels P which are either immobilized on it directly by welding, or for temporary buildings, by means of angle profiles 255, welded in the lower part of the panels P and fixed by screw 256 on the top 254 of the TA. The profiles 250 of TA are stiffened from place to place by welded ribs 257 or by a closure plate 258. Other types of more robust TA structures are presented below. FIG. 67 shows in cross section, the upper face 254 of the profile 250 of an example of TA of FIG. 66 of seismic foundation and anchoring of prefabricated building panels. The lower chaining profile 260 of the prefabricated panel P is pre-stressed on spring blades RI, R2, .. Rn in abutment on the top of the TA by means of two profiles 255 secured to the profile 260 fixed by a set of large screws 261 blocked in the bottom of blind threads of blocks 262 welded under the TA and of nuts 263 and against nuts 264. Earthquakes of very short duration coming from the ground, are absorbed by the spring blades Rl , R2 ... Rn in conjunction with the inertia of the building and the elasticity of the piles in the ground made integral with the metallic anchoring structure.
Les figures 68 et 69 montrent des exemple de pièces d'angle destinées à assembler des profilés 250 de TA multiples du type de celles des figures 66 et 67. La fig.68 montre un exemple d'une pièce d'angle 269 en deux parties 270, 271 de profilé 250 coupées en équerre et soudées entre elles en angle et engagée sous chacun des profilés à assembler sur lesquels elles sont soudées et rivetées. La fig.69 montre un autre exemple de pièce d'angle 274 en forme de gousset renforcé par au moins une nervure 275 dont deux faces verticales 276, 277 sont mises en appui sur deux faces en regard 278, 279 soudées en bout des profilés 250. Les faces verticales en regard, de la pièce d'angle et des profilés 250 sont vissées et soudées entre elles.Figures 68 and 69 show examples of corner pieces intended to assemble profiles 250 of multiple TA of the type of those of Figures 66 and 67. Fig. 68 shows an example of a corner piece 269 in two parts 270, 271 of profile 250 cut at right angles and welded together at an angle and engaged under each of the profiles to be assembled on which they are welded and riveted. Fig. 69 shows another example of a corner piece 274 in the form of a gusset reinforced by at least one rib 275 of which two vertical faces 276, 277 are supported on two opposite faces 278, 279 welded at the end of the profiles 250 The facing vertical faces of the corner piece and of the profiles 250 are screwed and welded together.
La figure 70 présente un exemple de profilé 250 de TA multiple vu en élévation montrant la position des fourreaux 280 de guidage et d'immobilisation des pieux d'ancrage par rapport à la position des nervures 257 de rigidification du profilé soudées entre lesdits fourreaux. Tous les composants des TA sont traités anti-corrosion. Les TA de grande sécurité devant présenter une grande longévité sont préférablement réalisées en acier inoxydable.FIG. 70 shows an example of a profile 250 of multiple TA seen in elevation showing the position of the sleeves 280 for guiding and immobilizing the anchor piles relative to the position of the ribs 257 for stiffening the profile welded between said sleeves. All TA components are treated against corrosion. The TAs of great safety which must have a long service life are preferably made of stainless steel.
La figure 71 montre schématiquement un exemple d'assise et d'ancrage de bâtiment préfabriqué réalisé au moyen du profilé 250 de TA selon les figures 66 à 70, avec des pièces d'angle 274. Des profilés 250 sont utilisés pour faire des traverses de rigidification 283, 284. portant également des fourreaux d'ancrage. Le raccordement en 285 s'effectue bout à bout par soudure entre les deux profilés 250. Le raccordement perpendiculaire 286 s'effectue par soudure sur une coupe en biais coopérant avec un gousset soudé de rigidification. Pour les grands bâtiments, le profilé 250 peut être renforcé en soudant une plaque en dessous sur l'extrémité des faces obliques. D'autres modes d'assemblage des panneaux préfabriqués sur le dessus des profilés 250 peuvent être prévus selon le mode de fabrication de ces panneaux sans sortir de l'invention. Les figures 72 à 76 montrent, en coupes transversales, des exemples de variantes de structure d'assise de bâtiments préfabriqués ou non constitaées par soudure de profilés standards sur lesquels on a soudé de chaque côté à un pas pré-défini, des supports de fourreaux de guidage et de fixation de pieux d'ancrage. Les figures 72 et 73 montrent un exemple en coupe transversale et en vue de dessus, de variante de structure d'assise de bâtiments préfabriqués ou non constituée par soudure de deux profilés standards en U 305, 306 ailes contre ailes, sur le côté vertical desquels on a soudé de chaque côté à un pas pré-défini, des supports identiques 307, 308 de fourreaux de guidage et de fixation de pieux d'ancrage, présentant une face 309 inclinée à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux. Le dessous de ce support est rigidifié par une plaque soudée également contre le U correspondant. Des bossages taraudés sont soudés sous la face 309 pour la fixation des fourreaux.FIG. 71 schematically shows an example of a seat and anchoring of a prefabricated building produced by means of profile 250 of TA according to FIGS. 66 to 70, with corner pieces 274. Profiles 250 are used to make sleepers of stiffening 283, 284. also carrying anchoring sleeves. The connection at 285 is carried out end to end by welding between the two sections 250. The perpendicular connection 286 is carried out by welding on a bias cut cooperating with a welded stiffening gusset. For large buildings, profile 250 can be reinforced by welding a plate underneath on the end of the oblique faces. Other methods of assembling the prefabricated panels on top of the profiles 250 can be provided according to the method of manufacturing these panels without departing from the invention. Figures 72 to 76 show, in cross-section, examples of variants of the seat structure of prefabricated or non-constituted buildings by welding standard profiles on which sheath supports have been welded on each side at a pre-defined pitch. for guiding and fixing anchor piles. Figures 72 and 73 show an example in cross section and in top view of a variant of the seat structure of prefabricated buildings or not constituted by welding two standard profiles in U 305, 306 wings against wings, on the vertical side of which identical supports 307, 308 of guide sleeves and anchor pile fixing sleeves have been welded on each side at a pre-defined pitch, having a face 309 inclined to the driving angle of the piles. The underside of this support is stiffened by a plate also welded against the corresponding U. Tapped bosses are welded under the face 309 for fixing the sleeves.
En variante de la fig. 72, la structure d'assise de bâtiments préfabriqués ou non peut être constituée par soudure de deux profilés standards en U contre les ailes d'une poutrelle standard en I sur le côté vertical des U sont soudés de chaque côté, à un pas pré-défini, des supports identiques 307, 308 de fourreaux de guidage et de fixation de pieux d'ancrage.As a variant of FIG. 72, the seat structure of prefabricated or non-prefabricated buildings can be constituted by welding two standard U-shaped profiles against the wings of a standard I-shaped beam on the vertical side of the U's are welded on each side, at a pre- defined, identical supports 307, 308 for guide sleeves and for fixing anchor piles.
La figure 74 montre un exemple en coupe transversale, d'une autre variantes de structure d'assise de bâtiments préfabriqués ou non constitaées par soudure d'un profilés standards en U 315 disposé à plat, contre les ailes d'une poutrelle standard 316 en I également à plat et présentant un creux 317 dans lequel on peut soit poser directement des parpaings soit des éléments préfabriqués.FIG. 74 shows an example in cross section of another variant of the seat structure of prefabricated buildings or not made up by welding a standard U 315 profiles arranged flat, against the wings of a standard beam 316 in I also flat and having a recess 317 in which one can either lay concrete blocks directly or prefabricated elements.
La figure 75 montre un exemple en coupe transversale plus haut que ceux des fig. précédentes, d'une autre variantes de structure d'assise de bâtiments préfabriqués ou non constitaées par soudure de deux profilés standards en U 320, 321 ailes en regard, entre des profilés en U 322, 323 disposés verticalement de place en place pour constitaer une poutre de plus grande rigidité contre les flans de laquelle, au droit des U 322, 323, on soude des supports 307, 308 de fourreaux d'ancrage. Bien entendu, sans sortir de l'invention, on peut concevoir d'autres formes de structures d'assises de bâtiments aptes à recevoir des supports 307, 308, qui pourraient être eux-mêmes coupés dans des profilés en U standards, pour recevoir les fourreaux d'ancrage selon l'invention permettant ce type de structures. les figures 76 et 77 montrent des exemples de moyens amortisseurs de vibrations entre les TA et l'objet à ancrer. La figure 76 montre un exemple d'amortisseur d'efforts relativement brefs engendrés par des rafales de vent de tempête sur un anneau 330 de haubanage dont l'effort se situe dans le prolongement de l'axe de la tige filetée 331.FIG. 75 shows an example in cross section higher than those of FIGS. previous, of another variant of the seat structure of prefabricated buildings or not constituted by welding of two standard U-shaped profiles 320, 321 facing wings, between U-shaped profiles 322, 323 arranged vertically from place to place to constitute a beam of greater rigidity against the blanks of which, in line with U 322, 323, supports 307, 308 of anchoring sleeves are welded. Of course, without departing from the invention, it is possible to conceive of other forms of seat structures of buildings suitable for receiving supports 307, 308, which could themselves be cut from standard U-shaped profiles, to receive the anchoring sleeves according to the invention allowing this type of structure. Figures 76 and 77 show examples of vibration damping means between the TA and the object to be anchored. FIG. 76 shows an example of a relatively short force damper generated by gusts of storm wind on a guying ring 330 whose force is located in the extension of the axis of the threaded rod 331.
L'amortissement est obtenu au moyen d'un empilement de rondelles "Belleville" 331 déformables élastiquement, engagée sur la tige 332, mises en précontrainte en atelier entre une rondelle épaisse 333, des écrous 334, 335 et des contre écrous 336, 337, en appui sur le dessus de la TA. Une rondelle 338 en élastomère assure l'étanchéité au niveau des rondelles "Belleville" 331.Damping is obtained by means of a stack of elastically deformable "Belleville" washers 331, engaged on the rod 332, prestressed in the workshop between a thick washer 333, nuts 334, 335 and locknuts 336, 337, resting on top of the AT. An elastomer washer 338 seals at the "Belleville" washers 331.
La figure 77 montre un exemple d'amortisseur du type de celui de la figure 77, adapté à la fixation d'objets 340 à plat sur le dessus d'une TA au moyen de plusieurs points de fixation. L'amortissement est obtenu en appuyant l'objet 340 sur un empilement de rondelles "Belleville" 331 engagées sur une vis 341 entre l'embase 340 et le dessus de la TA, la vis 341 étant bloquée au fond de son taraudage. La mise en précontrainte est assurée par un écrou 342 et un contre écrou 343. On pourrait utiliser des plots amortisseur que l'on trouve couramment dans le commerce, mais la longévité de ceux-ci est insuffisante pour des installations fixes de grande durée et leur capacité de charge est généralement insuffisante.FIG. 77 shows an example of a shock absorber of the type of that of FIG. 77, suitable for fixing objects 340 flat on top of a TA by means of several fixing points. Depreciation is obtained by pressing the object 340 on a stack of "Belleville" washers 331 engaged on a screw 341 between the base 340 and the top of the TA, the screw 341 being blocked at the bottom of its tapping. The prestressing is ensured by a nut 342 and a lock nut 343. One could use shock absorbing studs that are commonly found in commerce, but the longevity of these is insufficient for long-term fixed installations and their load capacity is generally insufficient.
Lorsque l'on a une charge très importante à répartir, la TA est constituée en structure métallique maillée très rigide de répartition d'efforts dans le sol au moyen d'un ensemble de pieux immobilisés rigidement ou élastiquement sur des fourreaux correspondants de la TA. Les différentes TA présentées en tôle d'acier peuvent également être réalisées en fonte qui résiste bien à la corrosion dans le soL D'une façon générale, en dehors des applications répétitives qui font l'objet d'une gamme de TA standardisée, sont prévues des applications spécifiques de TA, adaptées à la forme et aux caractéristiques de l'objet à ancrer. Dans certains cas , on peut utiliser des pieux en béton précontraint. Les figures 78 et 79 montrent un exemple de moyen de maintien de l'orientation et de la position des TA pendant l'enfoncement des pieux d'ancrage. Le dessus de la TA est fixé rigidement en appui sur un croisillon 350 d'un guide d'orientation 351 très rigide reposant sur le sol par l'intermédiaire de surfaces d'appui 352 mises préalablement par calage à l'orientation désirée. La disposition du croisillon laissant libre les fourreaux de guidage de la TA L'enfoncement des pieux s'effectue progressivement pour répartir les efforts sur les fourreaux et la TA La TA est rendue solidaire du moyen d'orientation par une grosse vis 353 serrée dans un bossage taraudé de la TA When there is a very large load to be distributed, the TA is made up of a very rigid meshed metallic structure for distributing forces in the ground by means of a set of piles rigidly or elastically immobilized on corresponding sheaths of the TA. The various TAs presented in sheet steel can also be made of cast iron which resists corrosion well in the SoL Generally, apart from repetitive applications which are the subject of a range of standardized TAs, provision is made specific TA applications, adapted to the shape and characteristics of the object to be anchored. In some cases, prestressed concrete piles can be used. Figures 78 and 79 show an example of a means of maintaining the orientation and the position of the TAs during the driving in of the anchor piles. The top of the TA is rigidly fixed in abutment on a spider 350 of a very rigid orientation guide 351 resting on the ground by means of bearing surfaces 352 previously set by wedging in the desired orientation. The arrangement of the cross leaving the guide sleeves of the TA free The insertion of the piles is carried out gradually to distribute the forces on the sleeves and the TA The TA is made integral with the orientation means by a large screw 353 tightened in a TA threaded boss

Claims

REVENDICATIONS :CLAIMS:
1) Système d'ancrage interface de liaison rigide ou semi-élastique entre un objet ou une structure métallique et le sol, en mobilisant la résistance d'un volume dudit sol en fonction de la nature et de l'importance des efforts d'arrachement et/ou d'enfoncement auxquels est soumis ledit système et de la résistance dudit sol, ledit système comprenant ledit interface ou tête d'ancrage T simple ou multiple, ladite TA étant munie de moyens fixes ou démontables, de guidage linéaire d'enfoncement et d'encastrement de pieux d'ancrage traversant obliquement le sol, lesdits moyens de guidage étant disposés sur la TA selon l'inclinaison d'enfoncement desdits pieux, en ce que ladite TA, est munie de moyens d'immobilisation rigides ou élastiquement déformables dudit objet ou de la structure à ancrer.1) Anchoring system interface of rigid or semi-elastic connection between an object or a metallic structure and the ground, by mobilizing the resistance of a volume of said ground according to the nature and the importance of the tearing forces and / or penetration to which said system and the resistance of said soil is subjected, said system comprising said interface or anchor head T single or multiple, said TA being provided with fixed or removable means, linear guide for penetration and for embedding anchor piles obliquely crossing the ground, said guide means being arranged on the TA according to the recess inclination of said piles, in that said TA, is provided with rigid or elastically deformable immobilization means of said object or structure to anchor.
2) Système d'ancrage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guidage linéaires et d'encastrement des pieux d'ancrage (fig. 3 à 12) sont des fourreaux de forme tabulaire de section carrée, cylindrique, triangulaire ou en queue d'aronde, selon la forme de la section des pieux utilisés, en ce que lesdits fourreaux sont soudés sur la TA2) Anchoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the linear guide and embedding means of the anchoring piles (fig. 3 to 12) are tabular sheaths of square, cylindrical, triangular or in dovetail, depending on the shape of the section of the piles used, in that said sleeves are welded to the TA
3) Système d'ancrage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits fourreaux démontables (fig. 14 à 19) de guidage linéaire de pieux d'ancrage, de section en cornière, Té, croix , H ou tube, sont constitués par des plaques de tôle pliées selon la forme des pieux à recevoir, guider et immobiliser et comportant des pattes de fixation par vis sur les faces verticales ou obliques de la TA3) Anchoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said removable sleeves (fig. 14 to 19) for linear guide of anchor piles, section in angle, Tee, cross, H or tube, are constituted by sheet metal plates folded according to the shape of the piles to receive, guide and immobilize and comprising fixing lugs with screws on the vertical or oblique faces of the TA
4) Système d'ancrage selon les revendications 1 et 3, caractérisé en ce que les fourreaux démontables (fig. 14 à 19) rapportés vissés sur la T comportent, interposées entre eux- mêmes et la TA des rondelles élastiquement déformables, en ce que le serrage desdits fourreaux sur la TA est effectué après enfoncement des pieux dans le sol pour rendre lesdits pieux solidaires de la TA4) Anchoring system according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the removable sleeves (fig. 14 to 19) attached screwed on the T comprise, interposed between themselves and the TA of the elastically deformable washers, in that the tightening of said sheaths on the TA is carried out after driving the piles into the ground to make said piles integral with the TA
5) Système d'ancrage selon les revendications 1, 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits fourreaux démontables sont fixés sur de grandes structures métalliques multiples à parois verticales (fig. 72 à 75), par Intermédiaire de supports (307, 308) inclinés à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux et comportant des moyens de fixation desdits fourreaux, en ce que lesdits supports sont soudés de part et d'autre de ladite structure, à un pas régulier fonction de la nature du sol et des efforts à supporter. 6) Système d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des TA munies d'au moins deux à six parois inclinées à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux dans le sol, aménagées pour recevoir chacune au moins un fourreau fixe ou démontable.5) Anchoring system according to claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that said removable sleeves are fixed to large multiple metal structures with vertical walls (fig. 72 to 75), by means of supports (307, 308) inclined to the driving angle of the piles and comprising means for fixing said sleeves, in that said supports are welded on either side of said structure, at a regular pitch depending on the nature of the soil and the forces to be support. 6) Anchoring system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises TAs provided with at least two to six walls inclined to the angle of driving the piles into the ground, arranged for each receive at least one fixed or removable sheath.
7) Système d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des TA munies d'au moins deux à six parois verticales non séparées (fig.30 à 36), aménagées pour recevoir sur chacune d'elles au moins un fourreau fixe ou démontable, incliné à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux dans le soL7) Anchoring system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises TA provided with at least two to six vertical walls not separated (fig.30 to 36), arranged to receive on each of them at least one fixed or removable sheath, inclined to the angle of insertion of the piles in the soL
8) Système d'ancrage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des TA démontables munies d'au moins deux à quatre parois verticales séparées (fig.22 à 29), aménagées pour recevoir sur chacune d'elles des moyens fixes de guidage (29, 30) inclinés à l'angle d'enfoncement des pieux dans le sol et des moyens de serrage, rigides ou élastiquement déformables (111), des pieux entre lesdites parois en fin d'enfoncement desdits pieux.8) Anchoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises removable TA provided with at least two to four separate vertical walls (fig.22 to 29), arranged to receive on each of them means fixed guides (29, 30) inclined to the angle of insertion of the piles into the ground and of the rigid or elastically deformable clamping means (111) of the piles between said walls at the end of insertion of said piles.
9) Système d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les fourreaux de guidage et de fixation des pieux sont rapportés, soudés ou vissés, directement sur l'objet à ancrer.9) Anchoring system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the guide sleeves and fixing of the piles are attached, welded or screwed directly on the object to be anchored.
10) Système d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des TA multiples de grande longueur (fig. 66 à 75), munies chacune d'une pluralité de fourreaux (280), sont assemblées avec des pièces de jonction d'angle (269, 274) et des traverses (283) de rigidification, pour former l'assise de bâtiments préfabriqués ou non, en ce que la partie supérieure (254) desdites TA reçoit en appui des panneaux ou éléments préfabriqués P qui sont soit immobilisés sur elle directement par soudure, soit au moyen de profilés (255), soudés en partie basse des panneaux P et fixés par vis (256) sur la TA10) Anchoring system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises multiple TAs of great length (fig. 66 to 75), each provided with a plurality of sleeves (280), are assembled with corner junction pieces (269, 274) and stiffening crosspieces (283), to form the foundation of prefabricated or non-prefabricated buildings, in that the upper part (254) of said TA receives panels in support or prefabricated elements P which are either immobilized on it directly by welding, or by means of profiles (255), welded in the lower part of the panels P and fixed by screws (256) on the TA
11) Système d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 et 10, caractérisé en ce que l'ancrage de panneaux préfabriqués de bâtiments sur la TA est assuré élastiquement sur une structure métallique rigide mécanosoudée (fig. 67 à 75) après interposition d'un ensemble de lames de ressort (RI, R2...Rn) entre le dessous desdits panneaux (P) et le dessus de la structure d'ancrage et de chaînage, la fixation desdits panneaux sur ladite structure étant assurée au moyen de vis (261) écrous (263) et contre écrous (263) et de profilés (255) solidaires desdits panneaux (P).11) Anchoring system according to one of claims 1 to 5 and 10, characterized in that the anchoring of prefabricated building panels on the TA is elastically ensured on a rigid metal structure mechanically welded (fig. 67 to 75) after interposition of a set of spring blades (RI, R2 ... Rn) between the underside of said panels (P) and the top of the anchoring and chaining structure, the fixing of said panels to said structure being ensured by means of screws (261) nuts (263) and against nuts (263) and of profiles (255) integral with said panels (P).
12) Système d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 et 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une TA constituée en structure maillée de répartition d'efforts dans le sol au moyen d'un ensemble de pieux immobilisés rigidement ou élastiquement sur des fourreaux correspondants de la TA12) Anchoring system according to one of claims 1 to 5 and 10, characterized in that it comprises a TA constituted in a mesh structure of distribution of forces in the ground at by means of a set of piles rigidly or elastically immobilized on corresponding sheaths of MT
13) Système d'ancrage selon les revendications 1 et 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des TA (fig. 22, 23) constitaées de deux parois verticales séparées (70, 71) disposées en regard, formant entre elles des fourreaux de guidage de piquets (74, 75) constitués par des rainures continue (72, 73), lesdits piquets sont immobilisés au fond de celles-ci, après leur enfoncement par un moyen (78, 81) de serrage démontable rapprochant lesdites parois, en ce qu'elle comporte un bossage (77) de fixation de cordage.13) Anchoring system according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that it comprises TAs (fig. 22, 23) constituted by two separate vertical walls (70, 71) arranged opposite, forming between them sheaths of guiding pegs (74, 75) formed by continuous grooves (72, 73), said pegs are immobilized at the bottom thereof, after their insertion by a removable clamping means (78, 81) bringing said walls together, that it includes a boss (77) for fixing the rope.
14) Système d'ancrage selon les revendications 1 et 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un corps de TA à parois verticales (fig. 36, 37) muni, en partie supérieure, d'au moins un moyen (163) de fixation d'un poteau (161) encastré dans ladite TA, destiné à immobiliser un moyen complémentaire (162) solidaire dudit poteau, ladite TA comporte au moins deux fourreaux d'ancrage.14) Anchoring system according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that it comprises a TA body with vertical walls (fig. 36, 37) provided, in the upper part, with at least one means (163) of fixing a post (161) embedded in said TA, intended to immobilize an additional means (162) integral with said post, said TA comprises at least two anchoring sleeves.
15) Système d'ancrage selon les revendications 1, 6 et 7 et caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des TA à parois verticales ou inclinées, agencées pour résister préférablement à un effort unidirectionnel au ras du sol (fig.31, 39-40), elles intègrent au moins trois à cinq fourreaux de guidage dont au moins deux à trois (141, 142, 179) disposés symétriquement à l'effort de traction (F) selon un angle total maximum de 90° inclinés dans le sens d'enfoncement des pieux et au moins un troisième fourreau (143, 177,181) disposé obliquement à l'arrière.15) Anchoring system according to claims 1, 6 and 7 and characterized in that it comprises TAs with vertical or inclined walls, arranged to preferably withstand a unidirectional force at ground level (fig.31, 39-40 ), they incorporate at least three to five guide sleeves of which at least two to three (141, 142, 179) arranged symmetrically to the tensile force (F) at a maximum total angle of 90 ° inclined in the direction of driving the piles and at least a third sheath (143, 177, 181) arranged obliquely at the rear.
16) Système d'ancrage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des TA réalisées en fonderie, elles comportent deux à six fourreau (226, 233) équidistants solidarisés à un moyeu central (229, 234, 241, 242) par des nervures (235, 240, 243), ledit moyeu central comportant dans son axe vertical un trou taraudé (231). 17) Système d'ancrage selon les revendications 1 et 16, caractérisé en ce que des fourreaux simples ou doubles (fig.57) sont rapportés de façon démontable sur la partie centrale (245, 246, 247) de TA à deux à six bras (245, 246, 247) réalisées en fonderie (fig. 61 à 65), chacun par un axe comportant un moyen d'orientation dudit fourreau (225) et une extrémité filetée de fixation sur la partie centrale (245, 246, 247). 18) Système d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce l'objet (330, 340) est ancré élastiquement en traction ou en compression sur la TA au moyen de vis (332, 341) sur lesquelles sont engagées et mises en précontrainte des rondelles élastiquement déformables (331), au moyen d'ecrous et contre écrous. 19) Système d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le moyen (65) de fixation du pieux sur son fourreau est rigide (fig.21).16) Anchoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises TAs made in foundry, they comprise two to six sheaths (226, 233) equidistant secured to a central hub (229, 234, 241, 242) by ribs (235, 240, 243), said central hub having in its vertical axis a threaded hole (231). 17) Anchoring system according to claims 1 and 16, characterized in that single or double sleeves (fig. 57) are removably attached to the central part (245, 246, 247) of TA with two to six arms (245, 246, 247) made in a foundry (fig. 61 to 65), each by an axis comprising a means of orientation of said sleeve (225) and a threaded end for fixing on the central part (245, 246, 247) . 18) Anchoring system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the object (330, 340) is anchored elastically in tension or in compression on the TA by means of screws (332, 341) on which are engaged and prestressed elastically deformable washers (331), by means of nuts and locknuts. 19) Anchoring system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the means (65) for fixing the pile on its sheath is rigid (fig.21).
20) Système d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen assurant le positionnement rigide et l'orientation des TA pendant l'enfoncement des pieux dans le sol (fig.78, 79). 20) Anchoring system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means ensuring the rigid positioning and orientation of the TAs during the driving of the piles into the ground (fig. 78, 79).
PCT/FR2001/000853 2000-03-23 2001-03-22 System for anchoring of objects in the ground WO2001071103A1 (en)

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AU2001244295A AU2001244295A1 (en) 2000-03-23 2001-03-22 System for anchoring of objects in the ground

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR00/03725 2000-03-23
FR0003725A FR2806747A1 (en) 2000-03-23 2000-03-23 SINGLE OR MULTIPLE ANCHORAGE SYSTEM FOR OBJECTS IN THE GROUND

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPD20090091A1 (en) * 2009-04-16 2010-10-17 Agostino Bauletti RAPID ANCHORAGE DEVICE WITH OBLIQUE INSERTS
ITMO20120265A1 (en) 2012-10-31 2014-05-01 Guido Bardelli ANCHORING SYSTEM OF OBJECTS IN SOIL

Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB411945A (en) * 1932-12-29 1934-06-21 Arthur Ernest Lake Improvements in or connected with ground anchors for posts and like purposes
US2826281A (en) * 1954-03-09 1958-03-11 Albert C Green Support or anchors for vertical columns or the like
US3852931A (en) * 1972-05-01 1974-12-10 C Morse Resilient foundation connection
US4052827A (en) * 1975-01-31 1977-10-11 Yancey Charles R Ground anchor and foundation support
US4452018A (en) * 1980-07-01 1984-06-05 Hill Claud A Device for anchoring a building
US4706921A (en) * 1986-01-17 1987-11-17 Paullin Dale W Antenna post base support and method of installing same
US5039256A (en) * 1990-03-15 1991-08-13 Richard Gagliano Pinned foundation system
US5873679A (en) * 1996-11-12 1999-02-23 Cusimano; Matt Seismic foundation pier with ground anchor means

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3809346A (en) * 1973-02-02 1974-05-07 R Jackson Fence post support
US3903662A (en) * 1973-05-17 1975-09-09 Jury Alexandrovich Gabliya Method of securing structural support elements in soil
FR2639392B1 (en) 1988-11-18 1997-04-30 Liesse Maurice METHOD OF ANCHORING AND SEALING BY CROSS STAYS OF EXCAVATION
US5791635A (en) * 1997-01-13 1998-08-11 Hull; Harold L. Fence post with anchor

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB411945A (en) * 1932-12-29 1934-06-21 Arthur Ernest Lake Improvements in or connected with ground anchors for posts and like purposes
US2826281A (en) * 1954-03-09 1958-03-11 Albert C Green Support or anchors for vertical columns or the like
US3852931A (en) * 1972-05-01 1974-12-10 C Morse Resilient foundation connection
US4052827A (en) * 1975-01-31 1977-10-11 Yancey Charles R Ground anchor and foundation support
US4452018A (en) * 1980-07-01 1984-06-05 Hill Claud A Device for anchoring a building
US4706921A (en) * 1986-01-17 1987-11-17 Paullin Dale W Antenna post base support and method of installing same
US5039256A (en) * 1990-03-15 1991-08-13 Richard Gagliano Pinned foundation system
US5873679A (en) * 1996-11-12 1999-02-23 Cusimano; Matt Seismic foundation pier with ground anchor means

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FR2806747A1 (en) 2001-09-28

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