EP0156087A1 - Yieldable lining device for galleries - Google Patents

Yieldable lining device for galleries Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0156087A1
EP0156087A1 EP84420213A EP84420213A EP0156087A1 EP 0156087 A1 EP0156087 A1 EP 0156087A1 EP 84420213 A EP84420213 A EP 84420213A EP 84420213 A EP84420213 A EP 84420213A EP 0156087 A1 EP0156087 A1 EP 0156087A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
gallery
elements
threaded
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP84420213A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Gilon
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Somafer SA
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Somafer SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0156087A1 publication Critical patent/EP0156087A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E21D11/20—Special cross- sections, e.g. corrugated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flexible support device for the walls of underground galleries.
  • metallic reinforcements are preferably used.
  • the latter can be carried out by a specific bolting in which one proceeds to a local treatment of the bad grounds met, and which applies to a good number of underground exploitations.
  • This punctual bolting consists of the installation in dangerous places of a reinforcement constituted by one or more anchor rods called bolts, which, introduced into the thickness of the wall, and fixed by means of plates and nuts against this, securing doubtful areas to areas considered healthy.
  • wedge expansion shell
  • resin cement
  • the metal reinforcements can also be produced by systematic bolting.
  • the reinforcement consists of a set of anchor rods placed at regular intervals according to a grid and a depth defined by the operator to systematically treat the whole of a gallery or a district. gallery, and this to promote the formation of an artificial supporting vault.
  • the density of this bolting must be sufficient to resist the thrusts of the ground. It is sometimes necessary to complete this support with the installation of wire mesh or gunite to remove the risks represented by the chipping of the rock between the anchor rods. This process has the same drawback as that reported in the occasional bolting, namely that no information is perceived by the operator in the event of local pressure on the ground.
  • the metal reinforcements can finally be produced by means of metal frames.
  • These frames then form a kind of gantry formed by two lateral bridges which serve to transmit to the ground, the forces resulting from the thrust of the ground being exerted on the upper hanger. They are placed at a certain distance from each other depending on the nature of the terrain crossed and are interconnected by longitudinal assembly bars.
  • This device consists of a set of reinforcements laid p er- right angles to the axis of the tunnel and spaced from each other, and characterized in that each reinforcement is made of iron plate whose shape conforms to the geometry of the wall and comprises an upper element pierced in the middle with an oblong hole and longitudinal grooves, and at least two lateral elements placed on either side of the upper element assembled together by overlap and also pierced with grooves, rods anchor threaded either in the hole or in the grooves, one end of which penetrates the wall and the other threaded end of which enables the said elements to be pressed against the wall by means of a support plate and a tightening bolt suitable for threading.
  • the device according to the invention does it consist of a set of frames each composed of flat iron elements, assembled together by overlap.
  • Each frame includes several elements.
  • a superior element the first to be installed and which therefore interests the vault of the gallery to be consolidated.
  • This flat iron carries at the top of its radius of curvature, a small oblong hole, through which is threaded an anchor rod in a hole previously drilled at the head of the gallery.
  • This anchor rod like all anchor rods, consists of a head which penetrates into the wall of the gallery via the hole previously drilled.
  • This head has either an expansion mechanism, a wedge type mechanism or any other solution well known to those skilled in the art of bolting (resin, cement, etc.) allowing it to either anchor itself definitively in the grounds by pushing or pulling, either to adhere to these grounds by resin or cements.
  • This thread allows, once threading, to "flatten” the flat iron against the wall using a steel plate tightened against the flat iron by a clamping nut adapted to the thread; preferably, a deformable steel plate is used which prevents the nut from being torn off under the pressure of the ground.
  • this flat iron which has longitudinal grooves over most of its length, allows the operator to drill with a minimum of safety through this flat iron as many holes as it wants depending on the bolting density he has chosen, then install these anchor rods which will make the flat iron adhere closely to the shape of the arch to be reinforced.
  • the grooves allowing the passage of the perforation florets and the anchor rods are preferably elongated, along the largest dimension of the element, so as to facilitate as much as possible the perforation and allow a greater choice as to the positioning of these rods.
  • each frame is made up of three elements: an upper element placed at the face of the wall and two lateral elements placed on either side in the extension of the first.
  • the side members are slightly different from the element su p E- laughing by the fact that they do not include in their oblong hole for guiding medium, as is the case for the element made. These two elements have a discontinuous groove over their entire length. Grooving stops increase the strength of the element.
  • these elements have at least one of their ends a nesting housing which facilitates their mounting.
  • the frame thus produced is relatively compact and is applied exactly against the wall of the gallery. It avoids all the problems of filling voids and makes it possible to reduce the digging section of the gallery due to its small thickness.
  • the dimensioning of the reinforcement can be different depending on the nature of the land and the operator's requests. The only constraint being a weight problem, so that the frame remains maneuverable by the staff.
  • the support device consists of a set of such reinforcements placed perpendicular to the axis of the gallery, spaced from each other by a distance depending on the nature of the ground.
  • This device can also be supplemented by the initial installation, on the wall, of a metal mesh which is then supported by all of the reinforcements and prevents the chipping of the ground between the reinforcements.
  • This trellis can also be covered with a layer of sprayed concrete capable of ensuring perfect homogeneity of the entire support.
  • the anchor rods or "bolts” (6) are threaded, after drilling the wall (1) in the hole (7 ') of the upper element and the grooves (7) of the three elements. They are either sealed or anchored in this wall and allow the reinforcing elements to be pressed there by means of the nuts (8) and the support plates (9).
  • the gallery wall (1) is covered with a wire mesh (10).
  • FIG. 2 shows, in section along the greatest length, a flat iron (2) constituting the upper element (3) provided with a hole (7 ') and grooves (7), on which is exerted, according arrow F, the thrust of the terrain wall.
  • FIG. 3 represents an upper element (3) seen from above, showing the arrangement of the grooves (7) which extend along the largest dimension of this element and of a central hole (7 ').
  • FIG. 4 an upper element (3) and a lateral element (4) are seen, the ends of which overlap by means of an interlocking housing (11) and are fixed to each other, and to the wall. . (1), with the wire mesh (10), using the anchor rod (6). The threaded end of the latter is threaded into two openings (7) of said elements placed opposite one another, and provided with a support plate (9) and a clamping nut ( 8).
  • Such a device makes it possible to support the wall under normal operating conditions without having recourse, either to conventional frames, .n to filling the voids and thus producing a support giving the gallery dimensions substantially close to those obtained after digging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)

Abstract

The device is for use as a flexible metallic support for the walls (1) of underground galleries. It consists of a set of reinforcing struts arranged perpendicular to the axis of the gallery and spaced out from each other. The struts are made from flat iron bars (2) pierced by openings (7) and (7'). Each reinforcing strut consists of an upper section (3) and at least two side sections (4) and (5). Anchoring pins (6) are threaded through the openings. One end of these pins penetrates the wall and the other end is threaded, which enables the said sections to be fastened flat against the wall by means of a supporting plate (9) and a fastening bolt (8) which fits the thread. Application in most types of terrain whenever there is a need to produce a flexible support which is simple, compact, inexpensive and which makes it possible to reduce the excavated cross-section of the gallery and to avoid the problem of filling up the space at the same time as ensuring proper safety. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de soutènement souple des parois de galeries souterraines.The present invention relates to a flexible support device for the walls of underground galleries.

Dans la plupart des galeries et suivant la nature des terrains rencontrés, il est nécessaire, afin d'assurer la sécurité du personnel, de procéder à un soutènement plus ou moins important des parois pour maintenir les terrains et éviter les. éboulements.In most galleries and according to the nature of the land encountered, it is necessary, in order to ensure the safety of the personnel, to carry out a more or less significant support of the walls to maintain the grounds and avoid them. landslides.

L'homme de l'art sait qu'un soutènement est généralement composé de trois éléments :

  • - une armature dont la résistance est suffisante pour encaisser la poussée du terrain,
  • - un blindage qui s'applique directement sur l'armature,
  • - des matériaux de comblement destinés à supprimer les vides entre la surface du blindage et la surface de la paroi et à maintenir ainsi le terrain en place.
Those skilled in the art know that a support is generally composed of three elements:
  • - a frame of sufficient strength to absorb the thrust of the ground,
  • - a shield which is applied directly to the frame,
  • - filling materials intended to eliminate the voids between the surface of the shielding and the surface of the wall and thus to keep the ground in place.

Les soutènements utilisés actuellement dans les diverses exploitations souterraines (mines, carrières souterraines, galeries EDF ou autres, etc...) sont de deux types différents :

  • - soit du type à armature en bois réalisée par la confection d'un boisage localisé à la demande,
  • - soit du type à armature métallique réalisée par boulonnage ponctuel au travers d'éléments rigides, ou par un boulonnage systématique avec ou sans pose de grillage, ou encore par la mise en place de cadres métalliques avec comblement des vides.
The supports currently used in various underground operations (mines, underground quarries, EDF galleries or others, etc.) are of two different types:
  • - either of the type with a wooden frame produced by the localization of woodwork on request,
  • - Either of the type with a metal frame produced by occasional bolting through rigid elements, or by systematic bolting with or without laying of mesh, or even by the installation of metal frames with filling in the voids.

En ce qui concerne les armatures en bois, elles nécessitent, en raison de leur faible résistance, de recourir à des éléments de fortes dimensions qui sont fonction de l'importance des efforts à supporter. Le choix de ce mode de soutènement oblige le creusement de la galerie à une section supérieure à la section utile, d'où un accroissement du volume des déblais. Lorsque le soutènement s'avère nécessaire après creusement, sa mise en place diminue le gabarit de la galerie.As regards the wooden frames, they require, because of their low resistance, to use elements of large dimensions which are a function of the importance of the forces to be supported. The choice of this type of support means that the gallery must be dug to a section larger than the useful section, hence an increase in the volume of cuttings. When the support turns out to be necessary after digging, its installation reduces the size of the gallery.

C'est pourquoi, on utilise de préférence des armatures métalliques. Ces dernières peuvent être réalisées par un boulonnage ponctuel dans lequel on procède à un traitement local des mauvais terrains rencontrés, et qui s'applique à bon nombre d'exploitations souterraines. Ce boulonnage ponctuel consiste en la pose aux endroits dangereux d'une armature constituée par une ou plusieurs tiges d'ancrage appelées boulôns, qui, introduites dans l'épaisseur de la paroi, et fixées par l'intermédiaire de plaques et d'écrous contre celle-ci, solidarisent les zones douteuses aux zones considérées comme saines.This is why, metallic reinforcements are preferably used. The latter can be carried out by a specific bolting in which one proceeds to a local treatment of the bad grounds met, and which applies to a good number of underground exploitations. This punctual bolting consists of the installation in dangerous places of a reinforcement constituted by one or more anchor rods called bolts, which, introduced into the thickness of the wall, and fixed by means of plates and nuts against this, securing doubtful areas to areas considered healthy.

Il existe plusieurs types et systèmes d'ancrage : à coin, à coquille d'expansion, à la résine, au ciment.There are several types and anchoring systems: wedge, expansion shell, resin, cement.

Souvent, pour augmenter la surface portante de ce type de soutène ment, des éléments rigides sont glissés entre la paroi à soutenir et l'ensemble plaque-écrou fixant la tige d'ancrage ; ce sont des plaques d'envol, IPN, rails, blochets etc..., mais ils n'adhèrent pas toujours correctement aux terrains à conforter.Often, to increase the bearing surface of this type of support, rigid elements are slid between the wall to be supported and the plate-nut assembly fixing the anchor rod; these are take-off plates, IPN, rails, blocks etc., but they do not always adhere properly to the terrain to be reinforced.

L'inconvénient de ce type de soutènement est qu'en cas de pression des terrains dans la zone traitée, aucune déformation de l'armature ne permet à l'expoitant d'être prévenu, sauf dans le cas de pose de blochets et de pose de plaques dêformables.The disadvantage of this type of support is that in the event of pressure of the ground in the treated area, no deformation of the reinforcement allows the operator to be warned, except in the case of laying of blocks and laying deformable plates.

Les armatures métalliques peuvent aussi être réalisées par un boulonnage systématique.The metal reinforcements can also be produced by systematic bolting.

Dans ce type de soutènement, l'armature est constituée par un ensemble de tiges d'ancrage posées à des intervalles réguliers suivant un quadrillage et une profondeur définis par l'exploitant pour traiter systématiquement l'ensemble d'une galerie ou d'un quartier de galerie, et ce afin de favoriser la formation d'une voûte porteuse artificielle.In this type of support, the reinforcement consists of a set of anchor rods placed at regular intervals according to a grid and a depth defined by the operator to systematically treat the whole of a gallery or a district. gallery, and this to promote the formation of an artificial supporting vault.

La densité de ce boulonnage doit être suffisante pour résister aux poussées du terrain. Il est parfois nécessaire de compléter ce soutènement par de la pose de grillage ou de gunite pour supprimer les risques représentés par l'écaillage de la roche entre les tiges d'ancrages. Ce procédé a le même inconvénient que celui signalé dans le boulonnage ponctuel, à savoir qu'aucune information n'est perçue par l'exploitant en cas de pressions locales des terrains. Les armatures métalliques peuvent enfin être réalisées au moyen de cadres métalliques.The density of this bolting must be sufficient to resist the thrusts of the ground. It is sometimes necessary to complete this support with the installation of wire mesh or gunite to remove the risks represented by the chipping of the rock between the anchor rods. This process has the same drawback as that reported in the occasional bolting, namely that no information is perceived by the operator in the event of local pressure on the ground. The metal reinforcements can finally be produced by means of metal frames.

Ces cadres sont généralement obtenus à partir de profilés (système TOUSSAINT-HEICHMANN, par exemple) fabriqués à façon et se présentant sous forme de plusieurs éléments en tronçons transportables, que l'on assemble sur place au moyen d'étriers et écrous.These frames are generally obtained from profiles (TOUSSAINT-HEICHMANN system, for example) made to order and in the form of several elements in transportable sections, which are assembled on site using stirrups and nuts.

Ces cadres forment alors une sorte de portique constitué par deux pontiers latéraux qui servent à transmettre au sol, les efforts résultant de la poussée du terrain s'exerçant sur le cintre supérieur. Ils sont placés à une certaine distance les uns des autres en fonction de la nature des terrains traversés et sont reliés entre eux par des barres d'assemblages longitudinales.These frames then form a kind of gantry formed by two lateral bridges which serve to transmit to the ground, the forces resulting from the thrust of the ground being exerted on the upper hanger. They are placed at a certain distance from each other depending on the nature of the terrain crossed and are interconnected by longitudinal assembly bars.

Le blindage de la galerie est alors réalisé au moyen de plaques métalliques qu'on glisse sur les cadres. Ce type de soutènement, bien que très répandu dans les houillères et les galeries EDF, pose cependant des problèmes. Malgré certaines facilités d'adaptation du cadre au profil de la galerie lors de son montage, on ne peut éviter l'existence de vides à la périphérie du cadre et la nécessité de pro- céder à leur comblement.The shielding of the gallery is then carried out by means of metal plates which one slides on the frames. This type of support, although very widespread in the coal mines and EDF galleries, poses problems, however. Despite some adaptation of facilities under the profile of the gallery during assembly, one can not avoid the existence of voids at the periphery of the frame and the need to p ro- yield to their filling.

Par ailleurs, du fait de leur encombrement, la section des galeries est diminuée.In addition, due to their size, the section of the galleries is reduced.

Or, avec les machines de creusement modernes, de type "Mineur continu" ou à attaque ponctuelle (type ROBBINS, ALPINE MINEER,PAURAT etc...) on ne dispose plus de gros éléments rocheux nécessaires à la réalisation de ce comblement, d'où la nécessité de procéder à un apport extérieur de matériaux permettant d'effectuer ce comblement. Ce qui grève le prix de revient.However, with modern digging machines, of the "Continuous Miner" type or with a punctual attack (ROBBINS, ALPINE MINEER, PAURAT etc ...), there are no longer any large rocky elements necessary for this filling, where the need to make an external supply of materials to perform this filling. Which strikes the cost price.

Outre cet inconvénient, le problème-du surdimensionnement de la galerie existe toujours, bien qu'à un degré moindre lors du creusement.Besides this drawback, the problem of oversizing the gallery still exists, although to a lesser degree when digging.

C'est pourquoi, la demanderesse, consciente de ces difficultés, et guidée par le souci de travailler avec un maximum de sécurité, a cherché et trouvé un dispositif qui résout une partie des problèmes que posent les techniques actuelles de soutènement.This is why the plaintiff, aware of these difficulties, and guided by the concern to work with maximum security, has sought and found a device which solves some of the problems posed by current support techniques.

Ce dispositif appartient au soutènement du type métallique souple et a pour but notamment :

  • - de supprimer la contrainte du comblement des vides propres à la technique des cadres, car ce système peut épouser les formes du terrain lors de sa mise en place et par là même, éviter les surdi- mensionnements des galeries,
  • - de-liaisonner les différents types d'ancrages posés à l'intérieur de ce système et donc d'augmenter la résistance ponctuelle de chaque tige qui devient solidaire d'un ensemble,
  • - de prévenir l'exploitant des pressions exercées entre ou sur les tiges de ce système qui, dans ce cas, se déforme sous la poussée des terrains, éventuellement jusqu'à la rupture,
  • - d'être applicable à la majorité des natures de terrains rencontrés,
  • - d'être dimensionné, en fonction de son utilisation, suivant le modèle de galerie et suivant le désir de l'exploitant, de façon que chaque élément puisse être facilement mis en oeuvre par le oerson- nel.
This device belongs to the support of the flexible metallic type and aims in particular:
  • - to remove the constraint of filling voids specific to the frame technique, because this system can follow the shape of the ground during its installation and thereby avoid oversizing the galleries,
  • - de-liaisonner the different types of anchors placed inside this system and therefore increase the point resistance of each rod which becomes integral with an assembly,
  • - to warn the operator of the pressures exerted between or on the rods of this system which, in this case, deforms under the thrust of the ground, possibly up to rupture,
  • - to be applicable to the majority of the types of terrain encountered,
  • - be sized, according to its use, according to the gallery model and according to the operator's wishes, so that each element can be easily implemented by the staff.

Ce dispositif est constitué par un ensemble d'armatures posées per- pendiculairement à l'axe de la galerie et espacées les unes des autres, et caractérisé en ce que chaque armature est réalisée en fer plat dont la forme épouse la géométrie de la paroi et comprend un élément supérieur percé en son milieu d'un trou oblong et de rainures longitudinales, et au moins deux éléments latéraux placés de part et d'autre de l'élément supérieur assemblés entre eux par recouvrement et percés égaiement de rainures, des tiges d'ancrage enfilées soit dans le trou soit dans les rainures dont une extrémité pénètre dans la paroi et dont l'autre extrémité filetée permet de plaquer lesdits éléments contre la paroi au moyen d'une plaquette d'appui et d'un boulon de serrage adapté au filetage.This device consists of a set of reinforcements laid p er- right angles to the axis of the tunnel and spaced from each other, and characterized in that each reinforcement is made of iron plate whose shape conforms to the geometry of the wall and comprises an upper element pierced in the middle with an oblong hole and longitudinal grooves, and at least two lateral elements placed on either side of the upper element assembled together by overlap and also pierced with grooves, rods anchor threaded either in the hole or in the grooves, one end of which penetrates the wall and the other threaded end of which enables the said elements to be pressed against the wall by means of a support plate and a tightening bolt suitable for threading.

Ainsi, le dispositif selon l'invention, consiste-t-il en un ensemble d'armatures composées chacune d'éléments en fer plat, assemblés entre eux par recouvrement.Thus, the device according to the invention, does it consist of a set of frames each composed of flat iron elements, assembled together by overlap.

C'est là une première différence avec les dispositifs de l'art antérieur et notamment avec ceux qui utilisent des cadres métalliques et dans lesquels on emploie couramment, soit des fers profilés en T, en 1 ou en U, soit plus souvent des U spécialement lamines à forte inertie et des I à larges ailes, du type HEB ou HEM. Il s'agit ici tout simplement de fers plats dont le type peut être adapté aux efforts demandés et dont le prix de revient est plus faible que celui des profilés classiques.This is a first difference with the devices of the prior art and in particular with those which use metal frames and in which one commonly uses, ie profiled irons. in T, in 1 or in U, more often U specially laminates with high inertia and I with broad wings, of the HEB or HEM type. These are simply flat irons, the type of which can be adapted to the forces required and the cost price of which is lower than that of conventional profiles.

Ces fers plats ont en plus l'avantage,en raison de leur faible épaisseur, de pouvoir épouser la géométrie de la paroi.These flat irons also have the advantage, due to their small thickness, of being able to match the geometry of the wall.

Chaque armature comprend plusieurs éléments. Un élément supérieur, le premier à être posé et qui intéresse donc la voûte de la galerie à consolider. Ce fer plat porte au sommet de son rayon de courbure, un trou oblong de faible dimension, au travers duquel est enfilée une tige d'ancrage dans un trou préalablement percé en tête de la galerie.Each frame includes several elements. A superior element, the first to be installed and which therefore interests the vault of the gallery to be consolidated. This flat iron carries at the top of its radius of curvature, a small oblong hole, through which is threaded an anchor rod in a hole previously drilled at the head of the gallery.

Cette tige d'ancrage, comme toutes les tiges d'ancrage, est constituée d'une tête qui pénètre dans la paroi de la galerie par l'intermédiaire du trou préalablement perforé.This anchor rod, like all anchor rods, consists of a head which penetrates into the wall of the gallery via the hole previously drilled.

Cette tête possède, soit un mécanisme d'expansion, un mécanisme du type coin ou tout autre solution bien connue de l'homme de l'art pratiquant le boulonnage (résine, ciment etc...) lui permettant,soit de s'ancrer définitivement dans les terrains par poussée ou tirage, soit d'adhérer à ces terrains par résine ou ciments.This head has either an expansion mechanism, a wedge type mechanism or any other solution well known to those skilled in the art of bolting (resin, cement, etc.) allowing it to either anchor itself definitively in the grounds by pushing or pulling, either to adhere to these grounds by resin or cements.

L'autre extrémité de cette tige d'ancrage est filetée. Ce filetage permet, une fois l'enfilage réalisé, de "plaquer" le fer plat contre la paroi à l'aide d'une plaque d'acier serrée contre le fer plat par un écrou de serrage adapté au filetage ; de préférence, on utilise une plaque d'acier déformable qui évite l'arrachage de l'écrou sous la poussée des terrains.The other end of this anchor rod is threaded. This thread allows, once threading, to "flatten" the flat iron against the wall using a steel plate tightened against the flat iron by a clamping nut adapted to the thread; preferably, a deformable steel plate is used which prevents the nut from being torn off under the pressure of the ground.

Une fois fixé au sommet de la galerie, ce fer plat, qui possède des rainures longitudinales sur la majorité de sa longueur, permet à l'exploitant de perforer avec un minimum de sécurité au travers de ce fer plat autant de trous qu'il veut en fonction de la densité de boulonnage qu'il a choisie, puis de poser ces tiges d'ancrage qui vont faire adhérer étroitement le fer plat à la forme de la voûte à conforter.Once fixed to the top of the gallery, this flat iron, which has longitudinal grooves over most of its length, allows the operator to drill with a minimum of safety through this flat iron as many holes as it wants depending on the bolting density he has chosen, then install these anchor rods which will make the flat iron adhere closely to the shape of the arch to be reinforced.

Les rainures permettant le passage des fleurets de perforation et des tiges d'ancrages sont, de préférence allongées, suivant la plus grande dimension de l'élément, de façon à faciliter au maximum la perforation et permettre un plus grand choix quant au positionnement de ces tiges.The grooves allowing the passage of the perforation florets and the anchor rods are preferably elongated, along the largest dimension of the element, so as to facilitate as much as possible the perforation and allow a greater choice as to the positioning of these rods.

Ce dispositif est complété par deux, voire plusieurs fers plats latéraux. Leur nombre est fonction de la section de galeries réalisées. De préférence, chaque armature est constituée de trois éléments : un élément supérieur placé au faite de la paroi et deux éléments latéraux placés de part et d'autre dans le prolongement du premier.This device is completed by two, even several lateral flat bars. Their number depends on the section of galleries produced. Preferably, each frame is made up of three elements: an upper element placed at the face of the wall and two lateral elements placed on either side in the extension of the first.

Dans ce cas, et pour renforcer la tenue des éléments à la poussée des terrains, les extrémités en regard des éléments sont superposées et reliées entre elles par l'intermédiaire des tiges d'ancrage.In this case, and to reinforce the resistance of the elements to the thrust of the terrain, the opposite ends of the elements are superimposed and connected to each other by means of anchor rods.

Les éléments latéraux sont légèrement différents de l'élément supé- rieur par le fait qu'ils ne comportent pas en leur milieu de trou oblong destiné au guidage, comme c'est le cas pour l'élément de faite. Ces deux éléments présentent une rainure discontinue sur toute leur longueur. Les arrêts de rainurage augmentent la résistance de l'élément.The side members are slightly different from the element su p E- laughing by the fact that they do not include in their oblong hole for guiding medium, as is the case for the element made. These two elements have a discontinuous groove over their entire length. Grooving stops increase the strength of the element.

De plus, ces éléments présentent à une au moins de leurs extrémités un logement d'emboîtement qui facilite leur montage.In addition, these elements have at least one of their ends a nesting housing which facilitates their mounting.

L'armature ainsi réalisée, est relativement peu encombrante et s'applique exactement contre la paroi de la galerie. Elle évite tous les problèmes de comblement de vides et permet de diminuer la section de creusement de la galerie en raison de sa faible épaisseur.The frame thus produced is relatively compact and is applied exactly against the wall of the gallery. It avoids all the problems of filling voids and makes it possible to reduce the digging section of the gallery due to its small thickness.

Par ailleurs, elle solidarise l'ensemble des tiges d'ancrage d'une même armature, ce qui renforce la résistance du système, puisque la poussée des terrains est répartie sur une surface portante beaucoup plus conséquente. La nature souple du matériau employé pour la réalisation des fers plats (acier doux) permet à ce système de se déformer sous les poussées de terrain et donc de prévenir l'exnloitant de l'existence de ces poussées. Ce système est donc sécurisant par son comportement.Furthermore, it secures all of the anchor rods of the same frame, which strengthens the resistance of the system, since the thrust of the grounds is distributed over a bearing surface that is much more substantial. The flexible nature of the material used for the production of flat irons (mild steel) allows this system to deform under ground pressure and therefore to warn the owner of the existence of these pressure. This system is therefore reassuring by its behavior.

De plus, le dimensionnement de l'armature peut être différent en fonction de la nature des terrains et des demandes de l'exploitant. La seule contrainte étant un problème de poids, afin que l'armature reste manutentionnable par le personnel. Ainsi les armatures selonIn addition, the dimensioning of the reinforcement can be different depending on the nature of the land and the operator's requests. The only constraint being a weight problem, so that the frame remains maneuverable by the staff. Thus the frames according to

l'invention présentent notamment les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • - largeur : 100 - 130 - 150 - 200 mm
  • - épaisseur : 6 - 8 - 10 mm
  • - largeur du rainurage : 30 - 35 - 40 mm
  • - longeurs : éléments supérieurs de 4 m éléments latéraux de 3,50 m Toutefois, ces paramètres sont adaptables aux contraintes locales, ce qui permet d'utiliser ce système dans la plupart des chantiers souterrains.
the invention has in particular the following characteristics:
  • - width: 100 - 130 - 150 - 200 mm
  • - thickness: 6 - 8 - 10 mm
  • - groove width: 30 - 35 - 40 mm
  • - lengths: upper elements of 4 m lateral elements of 3.50 m However, these parameters are adaptable to local constraints, which allows this system to be used in most underground construction sites.

La solution apportée par cette armature, s'avère donc pratique, simple, sécurisante, souple et économique.The solution provided by this frame is therefore practical, simple, reassuring, flexible and economical.

Le dispositif de soutènement est constitué par un ensemble de telles armatures posées perpendiculairement à l'axe de la galerie, espacées les unes des autres d'une distance fonction de la nature du terrain.The support device consists of a set of such reinforcements placed perpendicular to the axis of the gallery, spaced from each other by a distance depending on the nature of the ground.

Ce dispositif peut être également complété par la pose initiale, sur la paroi, d'un treillis métallique qui est alors supporté par l'ensemble des armatures et empêche l'écaillage des terrains entre les armatures.This device can also be supplemented by the initial installation, on the wall, of a metal mesh which is then supported by all of the reinforcements and prevents the chipping of the ground between the reinforcements.

Ce treillis peut, aussi, être recouvert d'une couche de béton projeté capable d'assurer une parfaite homogénéité de l'ensemble du soutènement.This trellis can also be covered with a layer of sprayed concrete capable of ensuring perfect homogeneity of the entire support.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide des dessins annexés à la présente demande.

  • La figure est une vue en perspective d'une galerie équipée d'un dispositif selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe suivant la plus grande longueur d'un élément supérieur.
  • La figure 3 montre un élément supérieur vu de dessus.
  • La figure 4 montre une vue en coupe suivant la plus grande longueur de la liaison entre un élément supérieur et un élément latéral.
  • La figure 5 est une vue en coupe suivant sa plus grande longueur d'une armature posée dans une galerie et ayant subi une déformation sous la poussée du terrain.
The invention will be better understood using the drawings appended to this application.
  • The figure is a perspective view of a gallery equipped with a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along the longest length of an upper member.
  • Figure 3 shows a top element seen from above.
  • Figure 4 shows a sectional view along the greatest length of the connection between an upper member and a side member.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view along its greatest length of a frame placed in a gallery and having undergone deformation under the pressure of the ground.

De façon plus détaillée sur la figure 1 apparaissent les trois éléments de fer plat (2): l'élément supérieur (3) et les deux éléments latéraux (4) et (5) dont les extrémités se superposent.In more detail in Figure 1 appear the three flat iron elements (2): the upper element (3) and the two side elements (4) and (5) whose ends overlap.

Les tiges d'ancrage ou "boulons" (6) sont enfilées, après percement de la paroi (1) dans le trou (7') de l'élément supérieur et les rainures (7) des trois éléments. Elles sont, soit scellées, soit ancrées dans cette paroi et permettent d'y plaquer les éléments d'armature par l'intermédiaire des écrous (8) et des plaques d'appui (9). La paroi de la galerie (1) est recouverte d'un treillis métallique (10).The anchor rods or "bolts" (6) are threaded, after drilling the wall (1) in the hole (7 ') of the upper element and the grooves (7) of the three elements. They are either sealed or anchored in this wall and allow the reinforcing elements to be pressed there by means of the nuts (8) and the support plates (9). The gallery wall (1) is covered with a wire mesh (10).

La figure 2 représente, en coupe suivant la plus grande longueur, un fer plat (2) constituant l'élément supérieur (3) muni d'un trou (7') et de rainures (7), sur lequel s'exerce, suivant la flèche F, la poussée de la paroi du terrain.2 shows, in section along the greatest length, a flat iron (2) constituting the upper element (3) provided with a hole (7 ') and grooves (7), on which is exerted, according arrow F, the thrust of the terrain wall.

La figure 3 représente un élément supérieur (3) vu de dessus, montrant la disposition des rainures (7) qui s'allongent suivant la plus grande dimension de cet élément et d'un trou central (7').FIG. 3 represents an upper element (3) seen from above, showing the arrangement of the grooves (7) which extend along the largest dimension of this element and of a central hole (7 ').

Sur la figure 4, on voit un élément supérieur (3), et un élément latéral (4) dont les extrémités se superposent par l'intermédiaire d'un logement d'emboîtement (11) et sont fixées entre elles, et à la paroi . (1), avec le treillis métallique (10), à l'aide de la tige d'ancrage (6). L'extrémité filetée de celle-ci est enfilée dans deux ouvertures (7) desdits éléments placés en regard, l'une de l'autre, et munie d'une plaque d'appui (9) et d'un écrou de serrage (8).In FIG. 4, an upper element (3) and a lateral element (4) are seen, the ends of which overlap by means of an interlocking housing (11) and are fixed to each other, and to the wall. . (1), with the wire mesh (10), using the anchor rod (6). The threaded end of the latter is threaded into two openings (7) of said elements placed opposite one another, and provided with a support plate (9) and a clamping nut ( 8).

Sur la figure 5, on peut voir un exemple de poussée locale F' de terrains, contenue par le système de soutènement ci-dessus présenté et mis en évidence par la déformation du système, ce qui permet à l'exploitant d'intervenir pour remédier à cet état de faits.In Figure 5, we can see an example of local thrust F 'of land, contained by the support system above presented and highlighted by the deformation of the system, which allows the operator to intervene to remedy to this state of facts.

L'invention peut être illustrée au moyen de l'exemple d'application suivant :

  • Une galerie souterraine ayant une section elliptique de 15 m2 a été équipée d'une armature en fer plat d'une largeur de 200 mm et d'une épaisseur de 10 mm.
The invention can be illustrated by means of the following example of application:
  • An underground gallery with an elliptical section of 15 m 2 was equipped with a flat iron frame with a width of 200 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.

Chaque armature était composée de trois éléments distincts :

  • - 1 élément supérieur de 4,oo m de long, cintré suivant le nrofil de la voûte et muni de trois ouvertures :
    • . une ouverture elliptique au sommet, ayant 20 cm de long,
    • . deux ouvertures de part et d'autre de la première, ayant une longueur de 1,60 m ;
  • - 2 éléments latéraux de longueur unitaire de 3,50 m cintrés suivant le profil de la galerie, munis chacun, d'une ouverture de 320 cm et dont les extrémités se superposent avec les extrémités de l'élément supérieur sur une longueur de 50 cm.
Each frame was composed of three distinct elements:
  • - 1 upper element 4, oo m long, curved according to the nrofile of the vault and provided with three openings:
    • . an elliptical opening at the top, 20 cm long,
    • . two openings on either side of the first, having a length of 1.60 m;
  • - 2 lateral elements of unit length of 3.50 m curved according to the profile of the gallery, each provided with an opening of 320 cm and the ends of which overlap with the ends of the upper element over a length of 50 cm .

Ces armatures ont été placées à une distance variant de 0,50 m à 1,60 m les unes des autres et un treillis métallique en fil de 5 mm, maille carrée de 100 mm x 100 mm recouvrait l'ensemble de la voûte.These reinforcements were placed at a distance varying from 0.50 m to 1.60 m from each other and a wire mesh of 5 mm wire, square mesh of 100 mm x 100 mm covered the entire vault.

Un tel dispositif permet de soutenir la paroi dans des conditions normales d'exploitation sans avoir recours, ni aux cadres classiques,.ni au comblement des vides et à réaliser ainsi un soutènement donnant à la galerie des dimensions sensiblement voisines de celles obtenues après creusement.Such a device makes it possible to support the wall under normal operating conditions without having recourse, either to conventional frames, .n to filling the voids and thus producing a support giving the gallery dimensions substantially close to those obtained after digging.

Claims (4)

1. Dispositif de soutènement métallique souple des parois de galeries souterraines, constitué par un ensemble d'armatures posées perpendiculairement à l'axe de la galerie et espacées les unes des autres, caractérisé en ce que chaque armature est réalisée en fer plat (2) dont la forme épouse la géométrie de la paroi (1) et comprend un élément supérieur (3) percé en son milieu d'un trou oblong (7') et de rainures longitudinales (7) et au moins deux éléments latéraux (4) et (5)placés de part et d'autre de l'élément supérieur assemblés entre eux par recouvrement et percés de rainures (7), des tiges d'ancrage (6) enfilées soit dans le trou soit dans les rainures dont une extrémité pénètre dans la paroi et dont l'autre extrémité filetée permet de plaquer lesdits éléments contre la paroi au moyen d'une plaquette d'appui (9) et d'un boulon de serrage (8) adapté au filetage.1. Flexible metal support device for the walls of underground galleries, consisting of a set of frames placed perpendicular to the axis of the gallery and spaced from each other, characterized in that each frame is made of flat iron (2) whose shape matches the geometry of the wall (1) and comprises an upper element (3) pierced in the middle with an oblong hole (7 ') and longitudinal grooves (7) and at least two lateral elements (4) and (5) placed on either side of the upper element assembled together by covering and pierced with grooves (7), anchor rods (6) threaded either in the hole or in the grooves, one end of which penetrates into the wall and the other threaded end of which allows said elements to be pressed against the wall by means of a support plate (9) and a tightening bolt (8) adapted to the thread. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des extrémités des éléments latéraux présente un logement d'emboîtement (11).2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the ends of the lateral elements has a nesting housing (11). 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la paroi est recauverte d'un treillis métallique (10) supporté par l'ensemble des armatures.3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall is covered with a wire mesh (10) supported by all of the frames. 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le treillis est recouvert de béton.4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trellis is covered with concrete.
EP84420213A 1983-12-27 1984-12-19 Yieldable lining device for galleries Withdrawn EP0156087A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8321160 1983-12-27
FR8321160A FR2557200A1 (en) 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 DEVICE FOR THE SOFT SUPPORT OF WALLS OF UNDERGROUND GALLERIES

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EP0156087A1 true EP0156087A1 (en) 1985-10-02

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EP (1) EP0156087A1 (en)
DK (1) DK615584A (en)
FR (1) FR2557200A1 (en)
GR (1) GR82531B (en)

Cited By (14)

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AU580553B2 (en) * 1983-05-31 1989-01-19 Carl William Peterson Culvert
WO1990005836A1 (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-31 W. Giertsen A/S Process for the lagging of walls and ceilings in rock spaces and system for use in such lagging
WO1991006745A1 (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-05-16 Sunde Oeyvind Kaare An arrangement in a tunnel vault
WO2010022494A1 (en) * 2008-08-26 2010-03-04 Mc Nally Michael P Tunnel roof supporting structure
US20120034037A1 (en) * 2010-08-06 2012-02-09 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. Curved Mine Roof and Rib Support
US8197160B2 (en) 2007-11-19 2012-06-12 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. Mine roof and rib support with reinforced channel
CN105401956A (en) * 2015-12-24 2016-03-16 四川川交路桥有限责任公司 Anti-rock burst and anti-rockfall flexible protection device and construction method for tunnel excavation
CN105673040A (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-06-15 安徽理工大学 Bearing system of deep well high-stress roadway surrounding rock enhanced support and application of bearing system
CN106593483A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-04-26 中铁十局集团第四工程有限公司 Construction method for weak surrounding rock tunnel inverted arch long anchor rod
US20180291736A1 (en) * 2016-07-08 2018-10-11 Shandong University High-strength confined concrete support system for underground tunnel
CN112855227A (en) * 2019-11-12 2021-05-28 永城煤电控股集团有限公司 Combined component for coal mine roadway support
CN113914866A (en) * 2021-09-10 2022-01-11 中隧隧盾国际建设工程有限公司 Support structure for underground excavation of pipe gallery and construction method
CN114352329A (en) * 2022-01-10 2022-04-15 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 Roadway wall caving side bulging treatment method
CN114482123A (en) * 2020-11-11 2022-05-13 金岭 Assembled piping lane support and piping lane

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FR2916472A1 (en) * 2007-05-22 2008-11-28 Gilles Chatenoud Facing system for assuring lining of intrados part of vault of underground structure i.e. underground tunnel, has quadrangular facing module fixed on frame while being remained at distance from vault
DE102009008627A1 (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-19 Minova International Ltd. Securing method for sloped and inclined buildings

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DE3008727A1 (en) * 1980-03-07 1981-09-10 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Resilient frozen shaft external support system - has sliding friction bands linking steel profiles nailed or anchored to rock
EP0057082A2 (en) * 1981-01-28 1982-08-04 Armco Inc. Composite arch structure

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1074328A (en) * 1952-04-10 1954-10-05 Bochumer Eisenhu Tte Heintzman Improvements made to support systems with tie rods for mine galleries
DE1003673B (en) * 1954-07-10 1957-03-07 Wilhelm Leclaire Expansion for mine routes and blind shafts, tunnels, etc. Like. With slats
FR1417111A (en) * 1963-07-18 1965-11-12 Method and device for supporting mine galleries combining a load bearing, sliding and articulated support, with a support by anchoring
FR2015641A1 (en) * 1968-08-14 1970-04-30 Alusuisse
US4010617A (en) * 1975-05-19 1977-03-08 Armco Steel Corporation Composite arch structure
FR2322259A1 (en) * 1975-08-26 1977-03-25 Kubota Ltd GALLERY WALL SUPPORT DEVICE
DE3008727A1 (en) * 1980-03-07 1981-09-10 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Resilient frozen shaft external support system - has sliding friction bands linking steel profiles nailed or anchored to rock
EP0057082A2 (en) * 1981-01-28 1982-08-04 Armco Inc. Composite arch structure

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU580553B2 (en) * 1983-05-31 1989-01-19 Carl William Peterson Culvert
WO1990005836A1 (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-31 W. Giertsen A/S Process for the lagging of walls and ceilings in rock spaces and system for use in such lagging
WO1991006745A1 (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-05-16 Sunde Oeyvind Kaare An arrangement in a tunnel vault
US8197160B2 (en) 2007-11-19 2012-06-12 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. Mine roof and rib support with reinforced channel
WO2010022494A1 (en) * 2008-08-26 2010-03-04 Mc Nally Michael P Tunnel roof supporting structure
US20120034037A1 (en) * 2010-08-06 2012-02-09 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. Curved Mine Roof and Rib Support
CN105401956B (en) * 2015-12-24 2018-10-12 四川川交路桥有限责任公司 A kind of flexible protective device and construction method of the anti-rock burst falling rocks of tunnel excavation
CN105401956A (en) * 2015-12-24 2016-03-16 四川川交路桥有限责任公司 Anti-rock burst and anti-rockfall flexible protection device and construction method for tunnel excavation
CN105673040A (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-06-15 安徽理工大学 Bearing system of deep well high-stress roadway surrounding rock enhanced support and application of bearing system
US10415387B2 (en) * 2016-07-08 2019-09-17 Shandong University High-strength confined concrete support system for underground tunnel
US20180291736A1 (en) * 2016-07-08 2018-10-11 Shandong University High-strength confined concrete support system for underground tunnel
CN106593483B (en) * 2016-12-14 2019-08-09 中铁十一局集团第四工程有限公司 A kind of construction method of the long anchor pole of Support System in Soft Rock Tunnels inverted arch
CN106593483A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-04-26 中铁十局集团第四工程有限公司 Construction method for weak surrounding rock tunnel inverted arch long anchor rod
CN112855227A (en) * 2019-11-12 2021-05-28 永城煤电控股集团有限公司 Combined component for coal mine roadway support
CN114482123A (en) * 2020-11-11 2022-05-13 金岭 Assembled piping lane support and piping lane
CN113914866A (en) * 2021-09-10 2022-01-11 中隧隧盾国际建设工程有限公司 Support structure for underground excavation of pipe gallery and construction method
CN113914866B (en) * 2021-09-10 2024-02-23 中隧隧盾国际建设工程有限公司 Supporting structure for pipe gallery underground excavation and construction method
CN114352329A (en) * 2022-01-10 2022-04-15 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 Roadway wall caving side bulging treatment method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK615584D0 (en) 1984-12-20
FR2557200A1 (en) 1985-06-28
DK615584A (en) 1985-06-28
GR82531B (en) 1985-02-13

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18W Application withdrawn

Withdrawal date: 19861121

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: GILON, ROBERT