WO2001050032A1 - Constant velocity fixed ball joint with multi-component joint outer section - Google Patents

Constant velocity fixed ball joint with multi-component joint outer section Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001050032A1
WO2001050032A1 PCT/EP2000/010538 EP0010538W WO0150032A1 WO 2001050032 A1 WO2001050032 A1 WO 2001050032A1 EP 0010538 W EP0010538 W EP 0010538W WO 0150032 A1 WO0150032 A1 WO 0150032A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
joint
joint part
ring body
ball
cage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/010538
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Orkan Eryilmaz
Wolfgang Hildebrandt
Thomas Weckerling
Original Assignee
Gkn Automotive Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gkn Automotive Gmbh filed Critical Gkn Automotive Gmbh
Priority to AU79231/00A priority Critical patent/AU7923100A/en
Publication of WO2001050032A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001050032A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/2237—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts where the grooves are composed of radii and adjoining straight lines, i.e. undercut free [UF] type joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/226—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part
    • F16D3/227—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part the joints being telescopic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/2232—Elements arranged in the hollow space between the end of the inner shaft and the outer joint member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22326—Attachments to the outer joint member, i.e. attachments to the exterior of the outer joint member or to the shaft of the outer joint member

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a constant velocity constant velocity joint comprising an outer joint part with a first axis, which - bell-shaped - has an articulated floor located in a first axial direction and an articulated opening located in a second axial direction with respect to this first axis, an inner joint part with a second axis which is located within the
  • the outer joint part lies and is supported on the outer joint part in a first axial direction with respect to this second axis and is connected to a shaft pointing in a second axial direction, first ball tracks in the outer joint part running in planes through the first axis and the second axis with curved center lines and second ball tracks in the inner joint part, balls which run in pairs of mutually assigned first ball tracks and second ball tracks, a cage which has circumferentially distributed cage windows for receiving balls and which each z between the first axis and the second axis.
  • Rzeppa fixed joints Fixed joints of this type are known in the broader sense as Rzeppa fixed joints (RF joints). For the purposes of the present invention, they specifically include a circular path or angular contact joints (AC joints) and an undercut-free path or undercut-free joints (UF joints). These joints each meet the general law of constant velocity ball joints, according to which the curved center lines of the first ball tracks and the second ball tracks run symmetrically to one another, with the plane of the ball center points or the bisecting plane between the first axis being the plane of symmetry. se and the second axis appears. Joints of this type have the peculiarity that axial forces resulting under torque build up between the outer joint part and the inner joint part, which urge the inner joint part into the interior of the outer joint part. These forces must be absorbed by the ball cage, which is very stressed as a result.
  • the joint assembly is carried out entirely from the opening side of the outer joint part, through which the cage, balls and inner joint part are inserted.
  • the present invention has for its object to produce ball constant velocity joints of the type mentioned inexpensively and to provide them with improved properties.
  • the solution to this lies in constant velocity ball joints of the type mentioned with the features
  • the ball cage is positively fixed in the outer joint part axially to the first axis
  • the inner joint part is freely displaceable directly opposite the ball cage axially to the second axis, at least over a partial area
  • the inner joint part is supported on the outer joint part in the second axial direction indirectly via the balls and the cage,
  • the outer joint part comprises an annular body which forms the ball tracks and a joint base produced separately therefrom, -
  • the joint base is fixed at the given axial adjustability in the ring body against displacement in the first axial direction.
  • the ball cage is inserted into the ring body from the opening side of the outer joint part
  • the inner joint part is inserted into the ring body through the opening provided in the ring body for the joint base,
  • the joint base is inserted into the ring body, whereby it is brought into contact with the inner joint part and this via the balls and the ball cage with the outer joint part, the joint base is fixed in the ring body.
  • the joint base can first be axially withdrawn by a defined amount and then fixed in the ring body in order to generate a defined play in the joint.
  • the outer joint part is joined from two separate components, namely the ring body forming the first ball tracks and the joint base, each of which can be represented with a lower degree of deformation as a one-piece bell-shaped outer joint part.
  • assembly can be carried out in which the inner joint part is introduced in a coaxial orientation to the outer joint part through the opening provided in the ring body for the joint base.
  • This results in an axial support between the inner part of the joint and the base of the joint, which is combined with a relative axial support between the inner part of the joint, balls, ball cage and steering outer part goes outwards.
  • a defined game can also be provided within this support.
  • the ball cage is greatly relieved, in particular it is kept free of tensile forces.
  • a radial adjustability of the joint base relative to the inner joint part can initially be provided during assembly, wherein the joint base can center on the inner joint part and then the joint base is fixed relative to the ring body, in particular by welding the two parts.
  • the joint base can be centered in the ring body of the outer joint part.
  • interlocking shaft toothings can be provided, for example, on the joint base and on the ring body, which are set one inside the other, axial fixation being achieved, for example, by flanging on the ring body. It is also possible to press hardened shaft teeth on one of the two parts into the previously unprocessed counterpart and then to carry out the axial locking.
  • the inner joint part comprises an end cap which forms a contact surface and is supported directly on a support surface of the joint base or that the joint base comprises a support disc which forms a support surface on which the inner joint part is supported with a contact surface. If the end cap or support disk can be moved radially, there is a possibility for centering the supporting surfaces on one another.
  • the ball cage can have a continuous inner cylindrical inner surface, since this inner surface does not perform an axial supporting function. This facilitates manufacturing.
  • the cage can have a partially inner cylindrical inner surface that is drawn in from the middle in the direction of the joint opening in the sense of a wall reinforcement of the cage.
  • a spring element can be provided between the inner joint part and the joint floor or the corresponding intermediate or insert bodies to compensate for play. The same function can be brought about by a higher elasticity of the end cap or the support disk mentioned.
  • the inner joint part can be seamlessly made in one piece with the adjoining shaft, since due to the axial assembly, flexion movements that could be hindered by the shaft are eliminated during assembly. This can reduce the number of parts.
  • the inner joint part can be formed by upsetting the shaft.
  • the joint base can be made in one piece with an integrally formed shaft journal.
  • This pin can be designed as a solid pin or as a hollow pin.
  • the joint according to the invention is characterized by the following advantages.
  • the joint has an axially determined installation with which play and tolerances can be compensated for during assembly, i.e. they are eliminated on the fully assembled joint.
  • hard machining of the ball track can be dispensed with entirely and, at the same time, there is no need to classify articulated components to reduce the play.
  • the cage windows can be made very short in the circumferential direction, since an excess length for mounting the balls, as is necessary when bending the joint, is not necessary. The strength of the cage is thus increased. Adaptation to different installation conditions of the joint can be made by replacing the joint base with molded shaft journals while maintaining the other joint components in unchanged form. This reduces the number of parts within an overall program.
  • the length of the ball cage, viewed from the center, towards the joint base can be considerably reduced, since the inner joint part is axially support-free with respect to the ball cage.
  • the hardening of the half of the ball cage lying towards the articulated floor can be dispensed with entirely, or the ball cage in its cross-sectional area of the cage can optionally be designed to be considerably weaker, since there is more favorable cage stress, in particular there is no longer any tensile stress in the cage webs.
  • the angle of wrap of the ball cage through the outer joint part can be reduced on the side of the joint opening, ie the outer joint part can be shortened, since the cage load, as previously stated, is much more favorable and a reduced support of the ball cage by the guide surface can be accepted. This enables the joint flexion angle to be enlarged or the shaft diameter to be enlarged.
  • the friction between the inner joint part and the joint floor in the area of the mutual axial support can be reduced by using means that are easy to slide, e.g. by low-friction coating of the inner joint part or by fitting with a friction-reducing disc.
  • Heat treatment of the joint base on the inside can be omitted if a hard, wear-resistant washer is used in the joint base. Efficiency losses can be reduced by the direct axial support of the inner joint part on the joint floor.
  • Fig. 1 shows an inventive joint in a first embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows an inventive joint in a second embodiment
  • Fig. 3 shows an inventive joint in a third embodiment
  • Fig. 4 shows a joint according to the invention in a fourth embodiment
  • 5 shows the representation of the introduction of forces on a joint according to the invention a) on the inner joint part b) on the ball cage c) on the outer joint part;
  • This joint comprises an outer joint part 12 which is composed of an annular body 13 which forms tracks and an articulated base 14.
  • a shaft journal 15 is integrally formed on the joint base 14.
  • the axis of the outer joint part is designated A1.
  • Inside the outer joint part 12 sits an inner joint part 23, which is connected in one piece to a shaft 24.
  • the axis of the inner joint part is designated A2.
  • First ball tracks 22 are embodied in the outer joint part 12, second ball tracks 25 in the inner joint part 23.
  • the ring body 13 of the outer joint part 12 has an inner spherical guide surface 31 which is interrupted by the first ball tracks 22 and in which the ball cage 17 is guided with an outer spherical outer surface 32. This provides a relative axial support between the outer joint part 12 and the ball cage 17.
  • the ball cage 17 has a purely cylindrical inner surface 33, within which the essentially spherical outer surface 34 of the inner joint part 23 is axially unsupported. is slidable.
  • the outer joint part 13 has in the region of the joint base 14 an inner spherical contact surface 35 formed directly in this or in an intermediate element. With this, a spherical contact surface 36 on the inner joint part 23 interacts, which is designed directly on this or on an additional element connected to it.
  • the support surface 35 is formed directly in the joint base 14 and the contact surface 36 is formed directly on the inner joint part 23.
  • Ring body 13 and joint base 14 are connected to one another via a weld seam 37.
  • the joint base 14 is axially displaceable relative to the ring body 13 and also radially displaceable relative to the latter, so that there is a possibility of centering the support surface 35 relative to the inner joint part 23 before the weld 37 is produced.
  • connection between the ring body 13 and the joint base 14 is produced by interlocking shaft teeth 38 and a flange 39 formed on the ring body 13 and overlapping the joint base 14.
  • the remaining features are in accordance with FIG. 1.
  • an end cap 42 made of a slidable material is attached to the inner joint part 23, on which the spherical contact surface 36 is carried out directly.
  • the end cap can also consist of a more elastic material, so that it also acts as a spring element to compensate for play and wear.
  • the other details are completely the same as those in Figure 1.
  • a support disk 40 made of a good sliding material is inserted into the joint base 14, in which the support surface 35 is formed directly.
  • the support disk is in a recess 41 in the joint base 14 radially displaceable, so that a second possibility for centering the support surface 35 relative to the inner joint part 23 is given.
  • the support disc can also consist of a higher elastic material, so that it also acts as a spring element for play and wear compensation. The other details are completely the same as those in Figure 1.
  • the assembly sequence of the joint 11 will first be explained again with reference to FIG. 5.
  • the design of the joint according to FIG. 5 corresponds completely to that of the joint according to FIG. 1, so that the same designation of the parts is chosen.
  • the ring body 13 and the joint base 14 are separated from one another.
  • the assembly starts from the ring body 13.
  • the ball cage 17 is inserted; this can take place in the coaxial position of the parts with respect to one another, the areas of the guide surface 31 between the first ball tracks 22 engaging in the cutouts of the cage window 18 and the ball cage 17 being rotated after insertion by half a track distance.
  • the balls 16 are then inserted, in particular from the larger opening side of the ring body 13 and out of the interior of the ball cage 17, into the cage windows 18 and the corresponding first ball tracks 22. Thereafter, from the smaller opening side of the ring body 13, the inner joint part 23 with the integral shaft 24 is inserted coaxially into the preassembled unit consisting of the ring body 13, balls 16 and ball cage 17, so that the balls 16 engage in the inner ball tracks 25.
  • the inner joint part 23 is displaced in the direction of the joint opening 26 until the ball tracks 25 are in contact with the balls 16 and the balls 16 are in contact with the outer surfaces within the cage window 18.
  • the ball cage 17 is axially supported in the inner spherical guide surface 31.
  • the joint base 14 with the integrally formed shaft journal 15 is inserted into the ring body 13 and brought into abutment with the inner joint part 23. Afterwards and in this position or after a slight withdrawal of the joint base 14 by an intended axial joint play, the joint base 14 is welded to the ring body 13 in the manner shown.
  • the representation b) shows the forces acting on the ball cage 17 from the outside with arrows, namely the forces exerted by the balls 16 on the outer boundary of the cage window 18 and the forces exerted by the inner guide surface 31 in the ring body 13 on the outer surface 32 with opposite axial component.
  • the forces exerted on the outer joint part 12 are represented by arrows, namely those from the inner joint part 23 on the joint base 14, that from the ball cage 17 on the inner guide surface 31 and the forces exerted by the balls 16 on the first ball tracks 22.
  • the internal force flow between these forces in the outer joint part 12 is shown by a dashed line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a constant velocity fixed ball joint (11), comprising a joint outer section (12), with a first axis A1, a joint inner section (23), with a second axis A2; a first ball track (15), in the joint outer section (12) and a second ball track, in the joint inner section (11), said ball track having curved mid-lines, each in planes through the first and second axes; balls (16), which run in the first ball tracks (15) and second ball tracks (16), said ball tracks being arranged together in pairs; a cage (17), comprising cage windows (18), distributed around the circumference for retaining balls (16) in the bisecting plane between the first axis A1 and the second axis A2. The invention is characterised in that the ball cage (17) is positively fixed in the joint outer section (12), axially to the first axis A1, the joint inner section (23) is arranged in an axially freely-movable manner along the second axis, directly facing the ball cage (17), the joint inner section (23) is supported on the joint outer section (12), in the second axial direction, by means of the balls (16) and the cage (17), the joint outer section (12) comprises a ring body (13), which forms the ball tracks and a separately produced joint base (14) and the joint base (14) is axially fixed in the ring body (13), with an initial given axial adjustment relative to the ring body (13).

Description

Kugelgleichlauffestgelenk mit mehrteiligem Gelenkaußenteil Ball constant velocity fixed joint with multi-part outer joint part
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kugelgleichlauffestgelenk umfassend ein Gelenkaußenteil mit einer ersten Achse, das - glockenförmig - einen Gelenkboden in einer ersten axialen Richtung gelegen und eine Gelenköffnung in einer zweiten axialen Richtung gelegen bezüglich dieser ersten Achse aufweist, ein Gelenkinnenteil mit einer zweiten Achse, das innerhalb des Gelenkaußenteils liegt und jeweils bezüglich dieser zweiten Achse sich in einer ersten axialen Richtung orientiert am Gelenkaußenteil abstützt und mit einer in eine zweite axiale Richtung weisenden Welle verbunden ist, jeweils in Ebenen durch die erste Achse und die zweite Achse mit gekrümmten Mittellinien verlaufende erste Kugelbahnen im Gelenkaußenteil und zweite Kugelbahnen im Gelenkinnenteil, Kugeln, die in Paaren von einander zugeordneten ersten Kugelbahnen und zweiten Kugelbahnen laufen, einen Käfig, der umfangsverteil- te Käfigfenster zur Aufnahme von Kugeln aufweist und diese jeweils in der Winkelhalbierenden Ebene zwischen der ersten Achse und der zweiten Achse hält. Festgelenke dieser Art sind im weiteren Sinne als Rzeppa-Festgelenke (RF-Gelenke) bekannt. Sie schließen im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung speziell Kreisbahn oder angular-contact-Gelenke (AC-Gelenke) und Hinterschnittfrei Bahn bzw. undercutfree-Gelenke (UF-Gelenke) ein. Diese Gelenke erfüllen jeweils die allgemeine Gesetzmäßigkeit von Kugelgleichlaufgelenken, nach denen die gekrümmten Mittellinien der ersten Kugelbahnen und der zweiten Kugelbahnen symmetrisch zueinander verlaufen, wobei als Symmetriebene die Ebene der Kugelmittelpunkte bzw. die Winkelhalbierende Ebene zwischen der ersten Ach- se und der zweiten Achse in Erscheinung tritt. Gelenke dieser Art haben die Eigenheit, daß sich unter Drehmoment resultierende Axialkräfte zwischen Gelenkaußenteil und Gelenkinnenteil aufbauen, die das Gelenkinnenteil ins Innere des Gelenkaußenteils drängen. Diese Kräfte müssen vom Kugelkäfig aufgefangen werden, der dadurch sehr hoch belastet ist.The invention relates to a constant velocity constant velocity joint comprising an outer joint part with a first axis, which - bell-shaped - has an articulated floor located in a first axial direction and an articulated opening located in a second axial direction with respect to this first axis, an inner joint part with a second axis which is located within the The outer joint part lies and is supported on the outer joint part in a first axial direction with respect to this second axis and is connected to a shaft pointing in a second axial direction, first ball tracks in the outer joint part running in planes through the first axis and the second axis with curved center lines and second ball tracks in the inner joint part, balls which run in pairs of mutually assigned first ball tracks and second ball tracks, a cage which has circumferentially distributed cage windows for receiving balls and which each z between the first axis and the second axis. Fixed joints of this type are known in the broader sense as Rzeppa fixed joints (RF joints). For the purposes of the present invention, they specifically include a circular path or angular contact joints (AC joints) and an undercut-free path or undercut-free joints (UF joints). These joints each meet the general law of constant velocity ball joints, according to which the curved center lines of the first ball tracks and the second ball tracks run symmetrically to one another, with the plane of the ball center points or the bisecting plane between the first axis being the plane of symmetry. se and the second axis appears. Joints of this type have the peculiarity that axial forces resulting under torque build up between the outer joint part and the inner joint part, which urge the inner joint part into the interior of the outer joint part. These forces must be absorbed by the ball cage, which is very stressed as a result.
Aus der DE 42 28 482 A1 ist es bereits bekannt, UF- Gelenke so auszuführen, daß sich das Gelenkinnenteil unmittelbar oder mittelbar am Gelenkboden des Gelenkaußenteils abstützt.From DE 42 28 482 A1 it is already known to design UF joints in such a way that the inner joint part is supported directly or indirectly on the joint base of the outer joint part.
Aus der DE 42 30 639 A1 ist es bereits bekannt, UF-Gelenke mit einem als separates Bauteil ausgebildeten Gelenkboden auszuführen, an dem sich das Gelenkinnenteil unmittelbar oder mittelbar abstützt.From DE 42 30 639 A1 it is already known to design UF joints with a joint base designed as a separate component, on which the inner joint part is supported directly or indirectly.
In beiden Fällen erfolgt die Gelenkmontage vollständig von der Öffnungsseite des Gelenkaußenteils her, durch die Käfig, Kugeln und Gelenkinnenteil eingeführt werden.In both cases, the joint assembly is carried out entirely from the opening side of the outer joint part, through which the cage, balls and inner joint part are inserted.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Kugelgleichlauffestgelenke der genannten Art kostengünstig herzustellen und mit verbesserten Eigenschaften auszustatten. Die Lösung hierfür liegt in Kugelgleichlaufgelenken der eingangs genannten Art mit den MerkmalenThe present invention has for its object to produce ball constant velocity joints of the type mentioned inexpensively and to provide them with improved properties. The solution to this lies in constant velocity ball joints of the type mentioned with the features
- der Kugelkäfig ist im Gelenkaußenteil axial zur ersten Achse formschlüssig fixiert,the ball cage is positively fixed in the outer joint part axially to the first axis,
- das Gelenkinnenteil ist unmittelbar gegenüber dem Kugelkäfig axial zur zweiten Achse zumindest über einen Teilbereich frei verschieblich geformt,the inner joint part is freely displaceable directly opposite the ball cage axially to the second axis, at least over a partial area,
- das Gelenkinnenteil stützt sich am Gelenkaußenteil in der zweiten axialen Richtung mittelbar über die Kugeln und den Käfig ab,the inner joint part is supported on the outer joint part in the second axial direction indirectly via the balls and the cage,
- das Gelenkaußenteil umfaßt einen die Kugelbahnen formenden Ringkörper und einen davon separat hergestellten Gelenkboden, - der Gelenkboden ist bei zunächst gegebener axialer Verstell barkeit im Ringkörper gegen Verschiebung in der ersten axialen Richtung festgesetzt.the outer joint part comprises an annular body which forms the ball tracks and a joint base produced separately therefrom, - The joint base is fixed at the given axial adjustability in the ring body against displacement in the first axial direction.
Mit dieser konstruktiven Lösung ist ein Verfahren zur Montage eines Gelenks mit den vorgehaltenen Merkmalen mit den folgenden Montageschritten verbundenWith this constructive solution, a method for assembling a joint with the features provided is connected with the following assembly steps
- der Kugelkäfig wird von der Öffnungsseite des Gelenkaußenteils in den Ringkörper eingesetzt,the ball cage is inserted into the ring body from the opening side of the outer joint part,
- die Kugeln werden vom Inneren des Kugelkäfigs aus in die Käfigfenster eingeführt,- the balls are inserted from the inside of the ball cage into the cage window,
- das Gelenkinnenteil wird durch die für den Gelenkboden vorgesehene Öffnung im Ringkörper in den Ringkörper eingeführt,the inner joint part is inserted into the ring body through the opening provided in the ring body for the joint base,
- der Gelenkboden wird in den Ringkörper eingesetzt, wobei er mit dem Gelenkinnenteil und dieses über die Kugeln und den Kugelkäfig mit dem Gelenkaußenteil in Anlage gebracht wird, der Gelenkboden wird im Ringkörper festgelegt.- The joint base is inserted into the ring body, whereby it is brought into contact with the inner joint part and this via the balls and the ball cage with the outer joint part, the joint base is fixed in the ring body.
Nach einer Variante dieses Verfahrens kann nach dem Erreichen der genannten Anlage der Gelenkboden zunächst um einen definierten Betrag axial zurückgezogen und dann im Ringkörper festgesetzt werden, um ein definiertes Spiel im Gelenk zu erzeugen.According to a variant of this method, once the abovementioned system has been reached, the joint base can first be axially withdrawn by a defined amount and then fixed in the ring body in order to generate a defined play in the joint.
Charakteristisch ist hierbei, daß das Gelenkaußenteil aus zwei separaten Bauteilen, nämlich dem die ersten Kugelbahnen bildenen Ringkörper und dem Gelenkboden gefügt ist, wobei jedes für sich mit geringerem Umformgrad darstellbar ist, als ein einstückiges glockenförmiges Gelenkaußenteil. Infolge dieser Bauweise kann eine Montage durchgeführt werden, bei der das Gelenkinnenteil in koaxialer Ausrichtung zum Gelenkaußenteil durch die für den Gelenkboden vorgesehene Öffnung im Ringkörper eingeführt wird. Hieraus ergibt sich eine axiale Abstützung zwischen Gelenkinnenteil und Gelenkboden nach innen, die mit einer relativen axialen Abstützung zwischen Gelenkinnenteil, Kugeln, Kugelkäfig und Ge- lenkaußenteil nach außen einhergeht . Innerhalb dieser genannten Abstützung kann auch ein definiertes Spiel vorgesehen sein. Der Kugelkäfig wird hierbei stark entlastet, insbesondere wird er frei von Zugkräften gehalten.It is characteristic here that the outer joint part is joined from two separate components, namely the ring body forming the first ball tracks and the joint base, each of which can be represented with a lower degree of deformation as a one-piece bell-shaped outer joint part. As a result of this design, assembly can be carried out in which the inner joint part is introduced in a coaxial orientation to the outer joint part through the opening provided in the ring body for the joint base. This results in an axial support between the inner part of the joint and the base of the joint, which is combined with a relative axial support between the inner part of the joint, balls, ball cage and steering outer part goes outwards. A defined game can also be provided within this support. The ball cage is greatly relieved, in particular it is kept free of tensile forces.
Nach einer günstigen Ausführung kann während der Montage zunächst eine radiale Verstellbarkeit des Gelenkbodens gegenüber dem Gelenkinnenteil vorgesehen sein, wobei sich der Gelenkboden auf dem Gelenkinnenteil zentrieren kann und danach die Festsetzung des Gelenkbodens gegenüber dem Ringkörper erfolgt, insbesondere durch Verschweißen der beiden Teile.According to a favorable embodiment, a radial adjustability of the joint base relative to the inner joint part can initially be provided during assembly, wherein the joint base can center on the inner joint part and then the joint base is fixed relative to the ring body, in particular by welding the two parts.
In abweichender Ausgestaltung kann der Gelenkboden in dem Ringkörper des Gelenkaußenteils zentriert sein. Hierfür können beispielsweise am Gelenkboden und am Ringkörper ineinander greifende Wellenverzahnungen vorgesehen sein, die ineinander gesetzt werden, wobei eine axiale Fixierung beispielsweise durch eine Umbördelung am Ringkörper erfolgt. Es ist auch möglich, gehärtete Wellenverzahnung an einem der beiden Teile in das zuvor unbearbeitete Gegenstück einzupressen und danach die axiale Sicherung vorzunehmen.In a different embodiment, the joint base can be centered in the ring body of the outer joint part. For this purpose, interlocking shaft toothings can be provided, for example, on the joint base and on the ring body, which are set one inside the other, axial fixation being achieved, for example, by flanging on the ring body. It is also possible to press hardened shaft teeth on one of the two parts into the previously unprocessed counterpart and then to carry out the axial locking.
Weitere Ausgestaltungsformen gehen dahin, daß das Gelenkinnenteil eine Endkappe umfaßt, die eine Anlagefläche bildet und sich unmittelbar an einer Abstützflache des Gelenkbodens abstützt oder daß der Gelenkboden eine Stützscheibe umfaßt, der eine Abstützflache bildet, an der sich das Gelenkinnenteil mit einer Anlagefläche abstützt. Sofern Endkappe oder Stützscheibe radial verschiebbar sind, ist eine Möglichkeit zur Zentrierung der sich abstützenden Flächen aufeinander gegeben.Further embodiments are based on the fact that the inner joint part comprises an end cap which forms a contact surface and is supported directly on a support surface of the joint base or that the joint base comprises a support disc which forms a support surface on which the inner joint part is supported with a contact surface. If the end cap or support disk can be moved radially, there is a possibility for centering the supporting surfaces on one another.
Der Kugelkäfig kann eine durchgehend innenzylindrische Innenfläche haben, da diese Innenfläche keine axiale Abstützfunktion übernimmt. Dies erleichtert die Herstellung. Alternativ kann der Käfig eine teilweise innenzylindrische Innenfläche haben, die von der Mitte ausgehend in Richtung zur Gelenköffnung in Sinne einer Wandverstärkung des Käfigs nach innen eingezogen ist.The ball cage can have a continuous inner cylindrical inner surface, since this inner surface does not perform an axial supporting function. This facilitates manufacturing. Alternatively, the cage can have a partially inner cylindrical inner surface that is drawn in from the middle in the direction of the joint opening in the sense of a wall reinforcement of the cage.
Zwischen Gelenkinnenteil und Gelenkboden bzw. den ensprechenden Zwischen- oder Einsatzkörpern kann zum Spielausgleich ein Federelement vorgesehen sein. Die gleiche Funktion kann durch eine höhere Elastizität der genannten Endkappe bzw. der genannten Stützscheibe bewirkt werden.A spring element can be provided between the inner joint part and the joint floor or the corresponding intermediate or insert bodies to compensate for play. The same function can be brought about by a higher elasticity of the end cap or the support disk mentioned.
Durch die vorgegebene Montageart kann das Gelenkinnenteil nahtlos einstückig mit der anschließenden Welle ausgeführt werden, da aufgrund der Axialmontage Beugebewegungen, die durch die Welle behindert werden könnten, während der Montage entfallen. Die Teilezahl kann hierdurch reduziert werden. Das Gelenkinnenteil kann durch Anstauchen der Welle gebildet werden.Due to the specified type of assembly, the inner joint part can be seamlessly made in one piece with the adjoining shaft, since due to the axial assembly, flexion movements that could be hindered by the shaft are eliminated during assembly. This can reduce the number of parts. The inner joint part can be formed by upsetting the shaft.
In ähnlicher Weise kann der Gelenkboden einstückig mit einem angeformten Wellenzapfen ausgeführt werden. Dieser Zapfen kann als Vollzapfen oder als Hohlzapfen ausgebildet werden.In a similar way, the joint base can be made in one piece with an integrally formed shaft journal. This pin can be designed as a solid pin or as a hollow pin.
Das erfindungsgemäße Gelenk zeichnet sich durch folgende Vorteile aus .The joint according to the invention is characterized by the following advantages.
Das Gelenk weist eine axial bestimmte Verbauung auf, mit der Spiele und Toleranzen bei der Montage ausgeglichen werden können, d.h. sie sind am fertig montierten Gelenk eliminiert. Hierdurch kann gegebenenfalls eine Hartbearbeitung der Kugelbahn vollständig entfallen und gleichzeitig auf ein Klassieren von Gelenkbauteilen zur Reduzierung der Spiele verzichtet werden.The joint has an axially determined installation with which play and tolerances can be compensated for during assembly, i.e. they are eliminated on the fully assembled joint. As a result, hard machining of the ball track can be dispensed with entirely and, at the same time, there is no need to classify articulated components to reduce the play.
Die Käfigfenster können in Umfangsrichtung können sehr kurz ausgeführt werden, da eine Überlänge zur Montage der Kugeln, wie sie beim Überbeugen des Gelenks notwendig ist, nicht erforderlich wird. Die Festigkeit des Käfigs wird somit gesteigert. Eine Anpassung an unterschiedliche Einbaubedingungen des Gelenks kann durch Austausch durch Gelenkbodens mit angeformten Wellenzapfen bei Beibehaltung der übrigen Gelenkkomponenten in unveränderten Form erfolgen. Hierdurch reduziert sich die Teilevielfalt innerhalb eines Gesamtprogrammes .The cage windows can be made very short in the circumferential direction, since an excess length for mounting the balls, as is necessary when bending the joint, is not necessary. The strength of the cage is thus increased. Adaptation to different installation conditions of the joint can be made by replacing the joint base with molded shaft journals while maintaining the other joint components in unchanged form. This reduces the number of parts within an overall program.
Durch die separate Herstellung von Ringkörper und Gelenkboden mit angeformtem Wellenzapfen können neue Fertigungsverfahren in der Fertigung des Gelenkaußenteils am Ringkörper eingesetzt werden, wie Blechumformung eines geschweißten Ringkörpers, Blechumformung eines nahtlosen Rohrkörpers, spanende Bearbeitung aus einem ringförmigen Rohteil und anderes.Due to the separate production of the ring body and joint base with integrally formed shaft journal, new manufacturing processes can be used in the production of the outer joint part on the ring body, such as sheet metal forming of a welded ring body, sheet metal forming of a seamless tubular body, machining from an annular raw part and others.
Durch die separate Herstellung von Ringkörper und Gelenkboden mit angeformtem Wellenzapfen können für diese Komponenten unterschiedliche, der jeweiligen Beanspruchung angepaßte Werkstoffe und Wärmebehandlungsverfahren vorgesehen werden, z.B. Verwendung eines einsatzgehärteten Ringkörpers in Verbindung mit einem induktivgehärteten Wellenzapfen oder einem aus vergütetem Material bestehenden Wellenzapfen.Due to the separate production of the ring body and the joint base with a molded shaft journal, different materials and heat treatment processes can be provided for these components, e.g. Use of a case-hardened ring body in connection with an induction hardened shaft journal or a shaft journal made of tempered material.
Die Länge des Kugelkäfigs von der Mitte aus betrachtet zum Gelenkboden hin kann erheblich reduziert werden, da das Gelenkinnenteil axial abstützungsfrei gegenüber dem Kugelkäfig ist.The length of the ball cage, viewed from the center, towards the joint base can be considerably reduced, since the inner joint part is axially support-free with respect to the ball cage.
Eine mechanische Hartbearbeitung der Käfiginnenfläche kann entfallen, da das Gelenkinnenteil gegenüber dem Kugelkäfig axial verschieblich gestaltet ist und die genannte Käfiginnenfläche somit lastfrei ist.Mechanical hard machining of the inner surface of the cage can be dispensed with, since the inner joint part is designed to be axially displaceable relative to the ball cage and the inner surface of the cage is therefore free of load.
Gegebenenfalls kann auf eine Härtung der genannten zum Gelenkboden hingelegenen Hälfte des Kugelkäfigs ganz verzichtet werden oder es kann gegebenenfalls der Kugelkäfig in seiner Käfigquerschnittsfläche erheblich schwächer ausgelegt werden, da eine günstigere Käfigbeanspruchung, insbesondere ein Wegfall der Zugbeanspruchung in den Käfigstegen vorliegt. Der Umschlingungswinkel des Kugelkäfigs durch das Gelenkaußenteil kann auf der Seite der Gelenköffnung reduziert werden, d.h. das Gelenkaußenteil kann gekürzt werden, da die Käfigbelastung wie vorher angegeben wesentlich günstiger ausfällt und eine verminderte Abstützung des Kugelkäfigs durch die Führungsfläche hingenommen werden kann. Dies ermöglicht eine Vergrößerung des Gelenkbeugewinkels oder eine Vergrößerung des Wellendurchmessers.If necessary, the hardening of the half of the ball cage lying towards the articulated floor can be dispensed with entirely, or the ball cage in its cross-sectional area of the cage can optionally be designed to be considerably weaker, since there is more favorable cage stress, in particular there is no longer any tensile stress in the cage webs. The angle of wrap of the ball cage through the outer joint part can be reduced on the side of the joint opening, ie the outer joint part can be shortened, since the cage load, as previously stated, is much more favorable and a reduced support of the ball cage by the guide surface can be accepted. This enables the joint flexion angle to be enlarged or the shaft diameter to be enlarged.
Die Reibung zwischen Gelenkinnenteil und Gelenkboden im Bereich der gegenseitigen axialen Abstützung kann durch Verwendung von gut gleitfähigen Mitteln reduziert werden, z.B. durch reibungsarme Beschichtung des Gelenkinnenteils oder durch Bestückung mit einer reibungsmindernden Scheibe.The friction between the inner joint part and the joint floor in the area of the mutual axial support can be reduced by using means that are easy to slide, e.g. by low-friction coating of the inner joint part or by fitting with a friction-reducing disc.
Eine Wärmebehandlung des Gelenkbodens auf der Innenseite kann entfallen, wenn eine harte verschleißfeste Scheibe im Gelenkboden eingesetzt wird. Durch die direkte axiale Abstützung des Gelenkinnenteiles am Gelenkboden können die Wirkungsgradverluste reduziert werden.Heat treatment of the joint base on the inside can be omitted if a hard, wear-resistant washer is used in the joint base. Efficiency losses can be reduced by the direct axial support of the inner joint part on the joint floor.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachstehend anhand der Zeichnungen dargestellt.Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Gelenk in einer ersten Ausführung;Fig. 1 shows an inventive joint in a first embodiment;
Fig. 2 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Gelenk in einer zweiten Ausführung;Fig. 2 shows an inventive joint in a second embodiment;
Fig. 3 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Gelenk in einer dritten Ausführung;Fig. 3 shows an inventive joint in a third embodiment;
Fig. 4 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Gelenk in einer vierten Ausführung; Fig. 5 zeigt die Darstellung der Kräfteeinleitung an einem erfindungsgemäßen Gelenk a) am Gelenkinnenteil b) am Kugelkäfig c) am Gelenkaußenteil;Fig. 4 shows a joint according to the invention in a fourth embodiment; 5 shows the representation of the introduction of forces on a joint according to the invention a) on the inner joint part b) on the ball cage c) on the outer joint part;
Die Figuren 1 bis 4 werden nachstehend, soweit sie konstruktiv übereinstimmen, zunächst gemeinsam beschrieben.Figures 1 to 4 are first described below, provided that they correspond structurally, together.
In den Figuren 1 bis 4 ist jeweils ein erfindungsgemäßes Gleichlauffestgelenk 11 mit axial hinterschnittfreien Bahnen, also ein UF-Gelenk (undercut free) dargestellt. Dieses Gelenk umfaßt ein Gelenkaußenteil 12, das aus einem Bahnen bildenden Ringkörper 13 und einem Gelenkboden 14 zusammengesetzt ist. Am Gelenkboden 14 ist einstückig ein Wellenzapfen 15 angeformt. Die Achse des Gelenkaußenteils ist mit A1 bezeichnet. Innerhalb des Gelenkaußenteils 12 sitzt ein Gelenkinnenteil 23 ein, das einstückig mit einer Welle 24 verbunden ist. Die Achse des Gelenkinnenteils ist mit A2 bezeichnet. Bei Abbeugung des Gelenkes bilden die Achsen A1 , A2 einen Beugewinkel im Gelenkmittelpunkt M. Im Gelenkaußenteil 12 sind erste Kugelbahnen 22 ausgeführt, im Gelenkinnenteil 23 zweite Kugelbahnen 25. In den Paaren von 22, 25 Kugelbahnen ist jeweils eine der Kugeln 16 geführt, die von einem Kugelkäfig 17 in umfangsverteilten Käfigfenstern 18 aufgenommen sind. Den offenen Zwischenraum zwischen dem Gelenkaußenteil 12 und der Welle 24 überbrückt ein Faltenbalg 19, der mit Spannbändern 20, 21 auf den genannten Teilen festgelegt ist. Der Ringkörper 13 des Gelenkaußenteils 12 verfügt über eine innenkugelige Führungsfläche 31, die von den ersten Kugelbahnen 22 unterbrochen ist und in der der Kugelkäfig 17 mit einer außenkugeligen Außenfläche 32 geführt ist. Hiermit ist eine relative axiale Abstützung zwischen dem Gelenkaußenteil 12 und dem Kugelkäfig 17 gegeben. Der Kugelkäfig 17 verfügt über eine rein zylindrische Innenfläche 33, innerhalb derer die im wesentlichen sphärische Außenfläche 34 des Gelenkinnenteils 23 axial unabgestützt ver- schiebbar ist. Das Gelenkaußenteil 13 hat im Bereich des Gelenkbodens 14 eine unmittelbar in diesem oder in einem Zwischenelement ausgeformte innenkugelige Anlagefläche 35. Mit dieser wirkt eine kugelige Anlagefläche 36 am Gelenkinnenteil 23 zusammen, die unmittelbar an diesem oder an einem mit diesem verbundenen Zusatzelement ausgeführt ist.1 to 4 each show a constant velocity fixed joint 11 according to the invention with axially undercut-free tracks, that is to say a UF joint (undercut free). This joint comprises an outer joint part 12 which is composed of an annular body 13 which forms tracks and an articulated base 14. A shaft journal 15 is integrally formed on the joint base 14. The axis of the outer joint part is designated A1. Inside the outer joint part 12 sits an inner joint part 23, which is connected in one piece to a shaft 24. The axis of the inner joint part is designated A2. When the joint is bent, the axes A1, A2 form a flexion angle at the center of the joint M. First ball tracks 22 are embodied in the outer joint part 12, second ball tracks 25 in the inner joint part 23. In each of the pairs of 22, 25 ball tracks, one of the balls 16 is guided, which by a ball cage 17 are received in circumferentially distributed cage windows 18. The open space between the outer joint part 12 and the shaft 24 is bridged by a bellows 19, which is fixed with tensioning straps 20, 21 on the parts mentioned. The ring body 13 of the outer joint part 12 has an inner spherical guide surface 31 which is interrupted by the first ball tracks 22 and in which the ball cage 17 is guided with an outer spherical outer surface 32. This provides a relative axial support between the outer joint part 12 and the ball cage 17. The ball cage 17 has a purely cylindrical inner surface 33, within which the essentially spherical outer surface 34 of the inner joint part 23 is axially unsupported. is slidable. The outer joint part 13 has in the region of the joint base 14 an inner spherical contact surface 35 formed directly in this or in an intermediate element. With this, a spherical contact surface 36 on the inner joint part 23 interacts, which is designed directly on this or on an additional element connected to it.
In Figur 1 ist sowohl die Abstützflache 35 unmittelbar im Gelenkboden 14 ausgeformt als auch die Anlagefläche 36 unmittelbar am Gelenkinnenteil 23 ausgebildet. Ringkörper 13 und Gelenkboden 14 sind über eine Schweißnaht 37 miteinander verbunden. Vor der Herstellung der Schweißnaht 37 ist der Gelenkboden 14 axial relativ zum Ringkörper 13 verschiebbar und ebenfalls radial gegenüber diesem verlagerbar, so daß eine Möglichkeit zur Zentrierung der Abstützfläche 35 gegenüber dem Gelenkinnenteil 23 vor dem Herstellen der Schweißnaht 37 gegeben ist.In FIG. 1, the support surface 35 is formed directly in the joint base 14 and the contact surface 36 is formed directly on the inner joint part 23. Ring body 13 and joint base 14 are connected to one another via a weld seam 37. Before the weld 37 is produced, the joint base 14 is axially displaceable relative to the ring body 13 and also radially displaceable relative to the latter, so that there is a possibility of centering the support surface 35 relative to the inner joint part 23 before the weld 37 is produced.
In Figur 2 ist abweichend von Figur 1 die Verbindung zwischen Ringkörper 13 und Gelenkboden 14 durch ineinandergreifende Wellenverzahnungen 38 sowie eine am Ringkörper 13 ausgebildete den Gelenkboden 14 übergreifende Bördelung 39 hergestellt. Die übrigen Merkmale sind in Übereinstimmung mit Figur 1.In FIG. 2, in deviation from FIG. 1, the connection between the ring body 13 and the joint base 14 is produced by interlocking shaft teeth 38 and a flange 39 formed on the ring body 13 and overlapping the joint base 14. The remaining features are in accordance with FIG. 1.
In Figur 3 ist abweichend von Figur 1 am Gelenkinnenteil 23 eine Endkappe 42 aus einem gleitfähigen Werkstoff angesetzt, an dem die kugelige Anlagefläche 36 unmittelbar ausgeführt ist. Die Endkappe kann zugleich aus einem höher elastischen Material bestehen, so daß sie zugleich als Federelement zum Spiel- und Verschleißausgleich wirkt. Die übrigen Einzelheiten stimmen vollkommen mit denen in Figur 1 überein.In FIG. 3, in contrast to FIG. 1, an end cap 42 made of a slidable material is attached to the inner joint part 23, on which the spherical contact surface 36 is carried out directly. The end cap can also consist of a more elastic material, so that it also acts as a spring element to compensate for play and wear. The other details are completely the same as those in Figure 1.
In Figur 4 ist abweichend von Figur 1 in den Gelenkboden 14 eine aus gut gleitfähigem Material bestehende Stützscheibe 40 eingesetzt, in der die Abstützfläche 35 unmittelbar ausgebildet ist. Die Stützscheibe ist in einer Ausdrehung 41 im Gelenkboden 14 radial verlagerbar, so daß eine zweite Möglichkeit zur Zentrierung der Abstützfläche 35 gegenüber dem Gelenkinnenteil 23 gegeben ist. Auch die Stützscheibe kann zugleich aus einem höher elastischem Material bestehen, so daß sie zugleich als Federelement zum Spiel- und Verschleißausgleich wirkt. Die übrigen Einzelheiten stimmen vollkommen mit denen in Figur 1 überein.In FIG. 4, in contrast to FIG. 1, a support disk 40 made of a good sliding material is inserted into the joint base 14, in which the support surface 35 is formed directly. The support disk is in a recess 41 in the joint base 14 radially displaceable, so that a second possibility for centering the support surface 35 relative to the inner joint part 23 is given. The support disc can also consist of a higher elastic material, so that it also acts as a spring element for play and wear compensation. The other details are completely the same as those in Figure 1.
Anhand von Figur 5 soll zunächst die Montagereihenfolge des Gelenks 11 nochmals erläutert werden. Die Ausführung des Gelenks nach Figur 5 enspricht vollständig der des Gelenks nach Figur 1 , so daß die gleiche Bezeichnung der Teile gewählt ist. Vor Beginn der Montage sind der Ringkörper 13 und der Gelenkboden 14 voneinander getrennt. Die Montage geht vom Ringkörper 13 aus. In diesen wird der Kugelkäfig 17 eingeführt; dies kann in koaxialer Stellung der Teile zueinander erfolgen, wobei die Bereiche der Führungsfläche 31 zwischen den ersten Kugelbahnen 22 in die Ausschnitte der Käfigfenster 18 eingreifen und der Kugelkäfig 17 nach dem Einführen um einen halben Bahnabstand verdreht wird. Danach werden die Kugeln 16, insbesondere von der größeren Öffnungsseite des Ringkörpers 13 her und aus dem Inneren des Kugelkäfigs 17 heraus in die Käfigfenster 18 und die ensprechenden ersten Kugelbahnen 22 eingeführt. Hiernach wird von der kleineren Öffnungsseite des Ringkδrpers 13 aus das Gelenkinnenteil 23 mit der einstückigen angeformten Welle 24 koaxial in die vormontierte Einheit aus Ringkörper 13, Kugeln 16 und Kugelkäfig 17 eingesetzt, so daß die Kugeln 16 in die inneren Kugelbahnen 25 eingreifen. Das Gelenkinnenteil 23 wird hierbei in Richtung der Gelenköffnung 26 verschoben, bis die Kugelbahnen 25 mit den Kugeln 16 und die Kugeln 16 mit den äußeren Flächen innerhalb der Käfigfenster 18 in Kontakt sind. Hierbei stützt sich der Kugelkäfig 17 in der innenkugeligen Führungsfläche 31 axial ab. Anschließend wird der Gelenkboden 14 mit angeformten Wellenzapfen 15 in den Ringkörper 13 eingeführt und mit dem Gelenkinnenteil 23 in Anschlag gebracht. Hiernach und in dieser Stellung oder nach einem geringem Zurücknehmen des Gelenkbodens 14 um ein vorgesehenes axiales Gelenkspiel wird der Gelenkboden 14 mit dem Ringkörper 13 in der gezeigten Weise verschweißt.The assembly sequence of the joint 11 will first be explained again with reference to FIG. 5. The design of the joint according to FIG. 5 corresponds completely to that of the joint according to FIG. 1, so that the same designation of the parts is chosen. Before assembly begins, the ring body 13 and the joint base 14 are separated from one another. The assembly starts from the ring body 13. In this, the ball cage 17 is inserted; this can take place in the coaxial position of the parts with respect to one another, the areas of the guide surface 31 between the first ball tracks 22 engaging in the cutouts of the cage window 18 and the ball cage 17 being rotated after insertion by half a track distance. The balls 16 are then inserted, in particular from the larger opening side of the ring body 13 and out of the interior of the ball cage 17, into the cage windows 18 and the corresponding first ball tracks 22. Thereafter, from the smaller opening side of the ring body 13, the inner joint part 23 with the integral shaft 24 is inserted coaxially into the preassembled unit consisting of the ring body 13, balls 16 and ball cage 17, so that the balls 16 engage in the inner ball tracks 25. The inner joint part 23 is displaced in the direction of the joint opening 26 until the ball tracks 25 are in contact with the balls 16 and the balls 16 are in contact with the outer surfaces within the cage window 18. Here, the ball cage 17 is axially supported in the inner spherical guide surface 31. Subsequently, the joint base 14 with the integrally formed shaft journal 15 is inserted into the ring body 13 and brought into abutment with the inner joint part 23. Afterwards and in this position or after a slight withdrawal of the joint base 14 by an intended axial joint play, the joint base 14 is welded to the ring body 13 in the manner shown.
In Darstellung a) sind die auf das Gelenkinnenteil von außen einwirkenden Kräfte mit Pfeilen bezeichnet, der Kraftfluß im Gelenkinnenteil 23 ist mit einer gestrichelten Linie gezeigt. Hieraus ergibt sich, daß das Gelenkinnenteil 23 sich zum Gelenkboden 14 hin in der ersten axialen Richtung am Gelenkboden 14 abstützt und in der entgegengesetzten zweiten axialen Richtung zur Gelenköffnung 26 hin an den Kugeln 16 abstützt.In illustration a), the forces acting on the inner joint part from the outside are indicated by arrows, the flow of force in the inner joint part 23 is shown with a broken line. It follows from this that the inner joint part 23 is supported towards the joint base 14 in the first axial direction on the joint base 14 and is supported on the balls 16 in the opposite second axial direction towards the joint opening 26.
In der Darstellung b) sind die auf den Kugelkäfig 17 von außen einwirkenden Kräften mit Pfeilen dargestellt, nämlich die von den Kugeln 16 an der außenliegenden Begrenzung der Käfigfenster 18 ausgeübten Kräfte und die von der inneren Führungsfläche 31 im Ringkörper 13 auf die Außenfläche 32 ausgeübten Kräfte mit entgegengesetzter Axialkomponente .The representation b) shows the forces acting on the ball cage 17 from the outside with arrows, namely the forces exerted by the balls 16 on the outer boundary of the cage window 18 and the forces exerted by the inner guide surface 31 in the ring body 13 on the outer surface 32 with opposite axial component.
In Darstellung c) sind die auf das Gelenkaußenteil 12 ausgeübten Kräfte mit Pfeilen dargestellt, nämlich die vom Gelenkinnenteil 23 auf den Gelenkboden 14, die vom Kugelkäfig 17 auf die innere Führungsfläche 31 und die von den Kugeln 16 auf die ersten Kugelbahnen 22 ausgeübten Kräfte. Der innere Kraftfluß zwischen diesen Kräften im Gelenkaußenteil 12 ist durch eine gestrichelte Linie gezeigt. In illustration c), the forces exerted on the outer joint part 12 are represented by arrows, namely those from the inner joint part 23 on the joint base 14, that from the ball cage 17 on the inner guide surface 31 and the forces exerted by the balls 16 on the first ball tracks 22. The internal force flow between these forces in the outer joint part 12 is shown by a dashed line.
Kugelgleichlauffestgelenk mit mehrteiligem GelenkaußenteilBall constant velocity fixed joint with multi-part outer joint part
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
11 Kugelgleichlauffestgelenk11 Fixed ball joint
12 Gelenkaußenteil12 outer joint part
13 Ringkörper13 ring body
14 Gelenkboden14 hinged floor
15 Wellenzapfen15 shaft journals
16 Kugel16 bullet
17 Kugelkäfig17 ball cage
18 Käfigfenster18 cage windows
19 Faltenbalg19 bellows
20 Spannband20 tensioning strap
21 Spannband21 strap
22 erste Kugelbahn22 first ball track
23 Gelenkinnenteil23 inner joint part
24 Welle24 wave
25 zweite Kugelbahn25 second ball track
26 Gelenköffnung26 joint opening
31 Führungsfläche (innenkugelig)31 guide surface (inner spherical)
32 Außenfläche (außenkugelig)32 outer surface (outer spherical)
33 Innenfläche (zylindrisch)33 inner surface (cylindrical)
34 Außenfläche (sphärisch) 5 Abstützfläche (innenkugelig) 6 Anlagefläche (außenkugelig) 7 Schweißnaht 8 Wellenverzahnung 9 Bördelung Stützscheibe34 Outer surface (spherical) 5 Support surface (inner spherical) 6 Contact surface (outer spherical) 7 Weld seam 8 Shaft teeth 9 Flare support disc
Ausdrehungrecess
Endkappe endcap

Claims

Kugelgleichlauffestgelenk mit mehrteiligem GelenkaußenteilPatentansprüche Fixed constant-velocity ball joint with multi-part outer joint part
1. Kugelgleichlauffestgelenk (11), umfassend ein Gelenkaußenteil (12) mit einer ersten Achse A1 , das - glockenförmig - einen Gelenkboden (14) in einer ersten axialen Richtung gelegen und eine Gelenköffnung (26) in einer zweiten axialen Richtung bezüglich dieser ersten Achse A1 gelegen aufweist, ein Gelenkinnenteil (23) mit einer zweiten Achse A2, das innerhalb des Gelenkaußenteils (12) liegt und jeweils bezüglich dieser zweiten Achse A2 sich in einer ersten axialen Richtung am Gelenkaußenteil (12) abstützt und mit einer in eine zweite axiale Richtung weisenden Welle verbunden ist, jeweils in Ebenen durch die erste Achse und zweite Achse mit gekrümmten Mittellinien verlaufende erste Kugelbahnen (15) im Gelenkaußenteil (12) und zweite Kugelbahnen im Gelenkinnenteil (23),1. constant velocity ball joint (11), comprising an outer joint part (12) with a first axis A1, which - bell-shaped - a joint base (14) in a first axial direction and a joint opening (26) in a second axial direction with respect to this first axis A1 located, an inner joint part (23) with a second axis A2, which lies within the outer joint part (12) and is supported with respect to this second axis A2 in a first axial direction on the outer joint part (12) and with one pointing in a second axial direction Shaft is connected, in each case in planes through the first axis and second axis with curved center lines, first ball tracks (15) in the outer joint part (12) and second ball tracks in the inner joint part (23),
Kugeln (16), die in Paaren von einander zugeordneten ersten Kugelbahnen (15) und zweiten Kugelbahnen (25) laufen, einen Käfig (17), der umfangsverteilte Käfigfenster (18) zur Aufnahme von Kugeln (16) aufweist und diese jeweils in der Winkelhalbierenden Ebene zwischen der ersten Achse A1 und der zweiten Achse A2 hält, mit den Merkmalen der Kugelkäfig (17) ist im Gelenkaußenteil (12) axial zur ersten Achse A1 formschlüssig fixiert, das Gelenkinnenteil (23) ist unmittelbar gegenüber dem Kugelkäfig (17) axial entlang der zweiten Achse frei verschieblich gestaltet, das Gelenkinnenteil (23) stützt sich am Gelenkaußenteil (12) in der zweiten axialen Richtung mittelbar über die Kugeln (16) und den Käfig (17) ab, das Gelenkaußenteil (12) umfaßt einen die Kugelbahnen formenden Ringkörper (13) und einen davon separat hergestellten Gelenkboden (14), der Gelenkboden (14) ist bei zunächst gegebener axialer Verstellbarkeit gegenüber dem Ringkörper (13) in diesem axial festgesetzt.Balls (16), which run in pairs of mutually assigned first ball tracks (15) and second ball tracks (25), a cage (17) which has circumferentially distributed cage windows (18) for receiving balls (16) and each of these in the bisector Holds the plane between the first axis A1 and the second axis A2, with the characteristics of the ball cage (17) is positively fixed axially to the first axis A1 in the outer joint part (12), the inner joint part (23) is axially along directly opposite the ball cage (17) freely movable on the second axis, the inner joint part (23) is supported on the outer joint part (12) in the second axial direction indirectly via the balls (16) and the cage (17), the outer joint part (12) comprises an annular body (13) forming the ball tracks and one of them separately Articulated floor (14) produced, the articulated floor (14) is axially fixed in this at first given axial adjustability relative to the ring body (13).
2. Gelenk nach Anspruch 1,2. Joint according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß der Gelenkboden (14) bei zunächst gegebener radialer Verstellbarkeit gegenüber dem Ringkörper (13) auf dem Gelenkinnenteil (23) zentriert im Ringkörper (13) festgesetzt ist.that the joint base (14) is initially centered in the ring body (13) with the given radial adjustability relative to the ring body (13) on the inner joint part (23).
3. Gelenk nach Anspruch 1,3. Joint according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß der Gelenkboden (14) im Ringkörper mittels ineinander greifender Wellenverzahnungen (38) radial fixiert ist.that the joint base (14) is fixed radially in the ring body by means of interlocking shaft teeth (38).
4. Gelenk nach Anspruch 3,4. Joint according to claim 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß der Gelenkboden (14) mittels einer Umbördelung (39) am Ringkörper (13) axial gegenüber diesem fixiert ist. 1bthat the joint base (14) is axially fixed to the ring body (13) by means of a flange (39). 1b
5. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,5. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß der Gelenkboden (14) im Ringkörper (13) eingeschweißt ist.that the joint base (14) is welded into the ring body (13).
6. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,6. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß sich das Gelenkinnenteil (23) mit einer unmittelbar an diesem ausgeführten Kugelfläche (36) an einer innenkugeligen Ring- oder Kalottenfläche (35) des Gelenkbodens (14) abstützt.that the inner joint part (23) is supported with a spherical surface (36) directly on the inner spherical ring or spherical surface (35) of the joint base (14).
7. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,7. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß das Gelenkinnenteil ein angesetztes Anschlagelement (42) umfaßt, das eine Kugelfläche (36) bildet, die sich an einer innenkugeligen Ring- oder Kalottenfläche (35) des Gelenkbodens (14) abstützt.that the inner joint part comprises an attached stop element (42) which forms a spherical surface (36) which is supported on an inner spherical ring or spherical surface (35) of the joint base (14).
8. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,8. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß der Gelenkboden (14) einen Einsatzkörper (40) aufweist, der eine innenkugelige Ring- oder Kalottenfläche (35) bildet, in der sich das Gelenkinnenteil (23) mit einer Kugelfläche (36) abstützt. that the joint base (14) has an insert body (40) which forms an inner spherical ring or spherical surface (35) in which the inner joint part (23) is supported with a spherical surface (36).
9. Gelenk nach Anspruch 8,9. Joint according to claim 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß der Einsatzkörper (40) radial im Gelenkboden (14) verschiebbar ist.that the insert body (40) is radially displaceable in the joint base (14).
10. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,10. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß zwischen Gelenkboden (14) und Gelenkinnenteil (23) axiale Federmittel wirksam sind.that axial spring means are effective between the joint base (14) and inner joint part (23).
11. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,11. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß der Kugelkäfig (17) eine durchgehend innenzylindrische Innenfläche (33) hat.that the ball cage (17) has a continuous inner cylindrical inner surface (33).
12. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,12. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß der Kugelkäfig (17) eine teilweise innenzylindrische Innenfläche (33) hat, die in der zweiten axialen Richtung im Sinne einer Wandverdickung des Kugelkäfigs nach innen eingezogen ist.that the ball cage (17) has a partially inner cylindrical inner surface (33) which is drawn inwards in the second axial direction in the sense of a wall thickening of the ball cage.
13. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12,13. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß ein Zapfen (15) einstückig mit dem Gelenkboden (14) verbunden ist. that a pin (15) is integrally connected to the joint base (14).
14. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13,14. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß eine Welle (24) einstückig mit dem Gelenkinnenteil (23) verbunden ist.that a shaft (24) is integrally connected to the inner joint part (23).
15. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14,15. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß zumindest eine der Flächen im Bereich der gegenseitigen axialen Ausführung vom Gelenkinnenteil (23) und Gelenkboden (14) mit einer reibungsarmen Beschichtung versehen ist.that at least one of the surfaces in the area of the mutual axial design of the inner joint part (23) and joint base (14) is provided with a low-friction coating.
16. Gelenk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15,16. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß zwischen den Flächen im Bereich der gegenseitigen axialen Abstützung vom Gelenkinnenteil (23) und Gelenkboden (14) eine reibungsmindernde Scheibe eingesetzt ist.that a friction-reducing disc is inserted between the surfaces in the area of the mutual axial support of the inner joint part (23) and the joint base (14).
17. Verfahren zur Montage eines Gelenkes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16 mit den folgenen Montageschritten,17. A method for assembling a joint according to one of claims 1 to 16 with the following assembly steps,
der Kugelkäfig (17) wird von der Öffnungsseite (26) des Gelenkaußenteils (12) in den Ringkörper (13) eingesetzt, die Kugeln (16) werden vom Inneren des Kugelkäfigs (17) aus in die Käfigfenster (18) eingeführt, das Gelenkinnenteil (23) wird durch die für den Gelenkboden (14) vorgesehene Öffnung im Ringkörper (13) in den Ringkörper (13) eingeführt, der Gelenkboden (14) wird in den Ringkörper (13) eingesetzt, mit den Kugeln (16) in Anschlag gebracht und im Ringkörper (13) festgelegt. the ball cage (17) is inserted into the ring body (13) from the opening side (26) of the outer joint part (12), the balls (16) are inserted from the inside of the ball cage (17) into the cage window (18), the inner joint part ( 23) is inserted through the opening provided for the joint base (14) in the ring body (13) into the ring body (13), the joint base (14) is inserted into the ring body (13), brought into contact with the balls (16) and fixed in the ring body (13).
8. Verfahren zur Montage eines Gelenkes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16 mit den folgenen Montageschritten,8. A method for assembling a joint according to one of claims 1 to 16 with the following assembly steps,
der Kugelkäfig (17) wird von der Öffnungsseite (26) des Gelenkaußenteils (12) in den Ringkörper (13) eingesetzt, die Kugeln (16) werden vom Inneren des Kugelkäfigs (17) aus in die Käfigfenster (18) eingeführt, das Gelenkinnenteil (23) wird durch die für den Gelenkboden (14) vorgesehene Öffnung im Ringkörper (13) in den Ringkörper (13) eingeführt, der Gelenkboden (14) wird in den Ringkörper (13) eingesetzt, mit den Kugeln (16) in Anschlag gebracht, um ein definiertes Axialspiel zurückgezogen und im Ringkörper (13) festgelegt. the ball cage (17) is inserted into the ring body (13) from the opening side (26) of the outer joint part (12), the balls (16) are inserted from the inside of the ball cage (17) into the cage window (18), the inner joint part ( 23) is inserted into the ring body (13) through the opening provided in the ring body (13) for the joint base (14), the joint base (14) is inserted into the ring body (13), brought into contact with the balls (16), withdrawn by a defined axial play and fixed in the ring body (13).
PCT/EP2000/010538 1999-12-30 2000-10-26 Constant velocity fixed ball joint with multi-component joint outer section WO2001050032A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU79231/00A AU7923100A (en) 1999-12-30 2000-10-26 Constant velocity fixed ball joint with multi-component joint outer section

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1999163653 DE19963653B4 (en) 1999-12-30 1999-12-30 Ball synchronous fixed joint with multipart joint outer part
DE19963653.2 1999-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001050032A1 true WO2001050032A1 (en) 2001-07-12

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ID=7934923

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PCT/EP2000/010538 WO2001050032A1 (en) 1999-12-30 2000-10-26 Constant velocity fixed ball joint with multi-component joint outer section

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU7923100A (en)
DE (1) DE19963653B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2001050032A1 (en)

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JP4076818B2 (en) * 2002-08-12 2008-04-16 Ｎｔｎ株式会社 Constant velocity universal joint
DE10317146A1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-12-16 Volkswagen Ag Constant velocity joint and assembly method
DE102010035433A1 (en) * 2010-08-26 2012-03-29 Volkswagen Ag Method for manufacturing constant velocity fixed joint utilized in motor car, involves stopping material removal post-process at outer and inner surfaces, and mounting cage with non-processed surfaces between joint outer and inner parts

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US4608028A (en) * 1981-04-09 1986-08-26 Lohr & Bromkamp Gmbh Rotary constant velocity universal joint
DE4228482A1 (en) 1992-02-13 1993-08-26 Gkn Automotive Ag Synchronised fixed joint with bell-shaped outer part - has cage solely controlled by balls held in cage windows between outer and inner parts.
DE4230639C1 (en) 1992-09-12 1993-10-07 Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh Ball constant velocity swivel
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WO2003002882A1 (en) * 2001-06-28 2003-01-09 Gkn Automotive Gmbh Fixed homocinetic ball joint with a multiple external joint part
US7070508B2 (en) 2001-06-28 2006-07-04 Gkn Automotive Gmbh Constant velocity fixed ball joint with a multi-component outer joint part

Also Published As

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DE19963653A1 (en) 2001-07-19
DE19963653B4 (en) 2008-02-07
AU7923100A (en) 2001-07-16

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