WO2001048327A1

WO2001048327A1 - A quickly building method with permanent fancy self-fixing plate

Info

Publication number: WO2001048327A1
Application number: PCT/CN2000/000735
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yitong Chen
Original assignee: Yitong Chen
Priority date: 1999-12-28
Filing date: 2000-12-27
Publication date: 2001-07-05
Also published as: CN1264775A; AU2342801A

Abstract

A quickly building method with permanent fancy self-fixing plate, no use of erecting, packing compact, brick and plaster, in which it makes use of permanent fancy self-fixing plate (1) by self-fixing building method (2) and self-fixing plate manufacturing method (3). The principle is: 1) replacing the mould and the brick with self-fixing plate (1), which using structural material and permanently fixing on the structure; 2) prefabricating overcoating on the self-fixing plate; 3) supporting and fixing the self-fixing plate with steel reinforcing bar and diagonal bar.

Description

永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术术领域 Yongmo pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm into rapid construction technology

本发明是一种全新的建筑方法，特别是涉及混凝土建筑物的建筑方法。如楼房、桥梁、隧道、堤坝、水泥台椅等建筑物的建筑方法。 The invention is a brand-new construction method, and particularly relates to a construction method of a concrete building. Construction methods of buildings such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, dams, concrete benches and chairs.

背景技术 Background technique

现有楼房、桥梁、隧道、堤坝、水泥台椅等建筑物的建筑方法普遍使用木板或钢板等临时模板和支撑来搭架装模固筑。如盖楼房，第一需要先用砖块和灰浆砌筑成坯墙，然后又需批灰打底，最后还需粉刷或贴饰装修才告完成，而且后二道工序还不能同时施工，需要上面的部分建好后才能从上到下地装修施工，需要等待很多时间，施工进度非常慢；第二是浇筑柱、梁、天面等需要先用木或钢等模板和支撑搭好架、装好模，然后才能扎制钢筋与浇筑混凝土，而且需等到混凝土硬化后才能拆模，之后又要进行装修，十分耗时、耗材和耗费人力。它们存在下列缺点： Existing buildings, bridges, tunnels, dams, concrete benches, and other construction methods generally use temporary forms and supports such as wooden boards or steel plates to build and install. For example, if you build a building, you need to build brick walls with bricks and mortar first, and then you need to use ash to make a primer. Finally, you need to paint or decorate the decoration to complete, and the latter two processes cannot be constructed at the same time. After the above part is completed, it can be renovated from top to bottom. It needs to wait a lot of time, and the construction progress is very slow. The second is that the pouring columns, beams, sky, etc. need to use wood or steel formwork and support to set up the frame and install. Good molds can then be used to tie steel bars and cast concrete, and it is necessary to wait for the concrete to harden before removing the molds, and then to carry out decoration, which is very time-consuming, consumable and labor-intensive. They have the following disadvantages:

①需要使用和损耗大量的临时模板、支撑、框架等耗材。 ① A large amount of consumables such as temporary formwork, supports and frames need to be used and consumed.

②浪费大量的竹、木、塑、钢等材料。 ② Waste a lot of materials such as bamboo, wood, plastic, and steel.

③需要使用大量的砖块，破坏土地资源。 ③ A large number of bricks need to be used to destroy land resources.

④需要进行后期拆模和批灰、贴饰等硬装修工序。 ④ Post-mold dismantling, batch ashing, decals and other hard decoration procedures are required.

⑤建筑施工工期长，严重浪费人力、物力和时间。 ⑤ The construction period of the building is long, which is a serious waste of manpower, material resources and time.

⑥建筑高大跨度的物体非常困难。 ⑥ It is very difficult to build objects with large spans.

⑦建筑成本大、造价高。 ⑦The construction cost is large and the construction cost is high.

⑧严重污染环境。 ⑧ Seriously pollute the environment.

⑨没有发挥钢筋的支撑力作用。没有预应力，没有最大限度地发挥钢筋的拉强力作用。 ⑨ did not play the role of supporting force of steel bars. There is no prestressing force, and the tensile strength of the steel bar is not maximized.

⑩容易偷工减料，造成事故隐患。发明内容 ⑩ It is easy to cut corners and cause accidents. Summary of the Invention

本发明的目的是：提供一种全新的建筑方法，即一种模、饰、固、筑合一的一步到位的永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑方法，完全克服现有的需要搭临时模架的建筑方式和秦砖汉瓦建筑方式等传统的建筑方法的缺点，彻底抛弃传统建筑方法中造成浪费严重的临时框架模板支撑和砖块与批灰、贴饰等材料和工序，为蚕进式建筑，没有大机械也能建筑高大跨度的物体，全面有效地降低建筑成本和建筑难度，提高建筑速度、质量和外观水平的建筑方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a brand-new construction method, namely, a one-step permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction method in which mold, decoration, solidification, and construction are integrated, which completely overcomes the existing need for temporary construction. The construction method of the formwork and the Qin brick and Han tile construction methods The shortcomings of the traditional construction method completely abandon the wasteful temporary frame formwork support and bricks and batches of ash and decals and other materials and procedures that cause serious waste in traditional construction methods. It is a silkworm-type building that can build high-span buildings without large machinery. Objects, a comprehensive and effective construction method that reduces construction costs and construction difficulty, and improves construction speed, quality, and appearance.

本发明的内容是：一种永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，无需临时支撑、搭架、模板和砖块等材料；无需批灰贴饰等工序；易于工业化标准化商品化大生产；无大机械也能建筑高、大跨度的建筑物；质优价廉美观耐久；其特征是永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术由自固板和永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑方法构成，其一是利用建筑物体本身的材料（如混凝土和饰材及矿渣与粉煤灰等）制造一种能永远固定在建筑物上的自固板，取代临时模板和砖块；其二是在自固板上预置饰面，以省却批灰、贴饰等硬装修工序；三是利用自体钢筋和临时斜拉筋来支承和固定自固板及梁体，从而省却支撑。 The content of the present invention is: a permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction technology, which does not require temporary support, truss, formwork, bricks and other materials; does not require procedures such as batching ash appliques; easy industrialization and standardized large-scale commercial production; High and long span buildings can also be built without large machinery; high quality, low price, beautiful and durable; it is characterized by permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction technology Method construction, one is to use the materials of the building itself (such as concrete and decorative materials, slag and fly ash, etc.) to create a self-fixing board that can be permanently fixed on the building, instead of temporary templates and bricks; It is to preset the finish on the self-fixing plate to avoid the hard decoration process such as granting ash and decals. The third is to use the self-reinforcing steel bar and temporary diagonal stays to support and fix the self-fixing plate and beam body, thereby saving support.

一种永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，包括自固板制造方法，其特征是：所述自固板制造方法包括混凝土法及其模具、陶瓷法、玻璃法、塑胶法、天然或人造石材法、混合法、木材法等多种预制方法；预制时须根据建筑对象确定板体的材料和形状规格尺寸、饰面的材料和样式、自固装置的类型等。 A rapid building self-fixing silkworm rapid construction technology includes a method for manufacturing a self-fixing board, characterized in that the method for manufacturing a self-fixing board includes a concrete method and a mold thereof, a ceramic method, a glass method, a plastic method, a natural or Various prefabrication methods such as artificial stone method, mixing method, and wood method; when prefabricating, the material and shape specifications of the board body, the materials and styles of the finish, and the type of self-fixing device must be determined according to the building object.

本发明的优点是：与现有技术相比，本发明具有： The advantages of the present invention are: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has:

1、永模预饰自固蚕进式建筑，省去大量的临时外模板、框架和耗材。 1. Yongmo pre-decorates the self-fixing silkworm-type building, eliminating a large number of temporary external formwork, frames and consumables.

2、模饰一体，省却砖块和批灰、贴饰等材料和硬装修工序，彻底摒弃秦砖汉瓦建筑方式。 2. The molding and decoration are integrated, eliminating the need for bricks, batches of ash, stickers and other hard decoration procedures, and completely abandoning the Qin brick and Hanwa construction method.

3、一步到位，砌筑和装修一步到位，砌筑多少即等于装修了多少，或者倒过来，装修了多少就可砌筑多少。节省了时间，降低了成本。 3. In one step, masonry and decoration are in one step. As much masonry is as much as decoration, or the other way around, you can build as much as you can. Save time and reduce costs.

4、内部钢筋固模，发挥钢筋的支撑和拉承作用，省去大量的临时外支撑、框架、棚架和耗材。 4. The internal steel reinforcement molds play the role of reinforcement and tension of steel bars, eliminating a large number of temporary external supports, frames, scaffolds and consumables.

5、具有自预应力，充分发挥钢筋的拉强作用。特别是天面和框梁这些承受横断力的部份，更需要和更易实现预应力建构。 6、蚕进式建筑，没有大机械或特殊机械也可建筑大跨度的建筑物。 5. It has self-prestressing force and fully exerts the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing steel. In particular, those parts of the sky surface and frame beams that are subjected to transverse forces require and facilitate prestressing construction. 6, silkworm-type buildings, large-span buildings can be built without large machinery or special machinery.

7、容易实现标准化工业化商品化大生产。 7. It is easy to realize standardized industrialized commercial production.

8、容易实现艺术型建筑，如浮雕式墙壁、异形结构建筑等 8. It is easy to realize artistic buildings, such as embossed walls, special-shaped buildings, etc.

9、能大幅降低建筑成本和建筑难度，缩短建筑时间，提高建筑速度、工效、质量和外观水平。与同等的质量和外观水平相比，建筑成本和难度约降低三分之一至一半左右，建筑时间约缩短三分之二，建筑速度与工效约提高一半左右。附图概述 9. It can greatly reduce the construction cost and construction difficulty, shorten the construction time, and improve the construction speed, ergonomics, quality and appearance level. Compared with the same level of quality and appearance, the construction cost and difficulty are reduced by about one-third to about half, the construction time is shortened by about two-thirds, and the construction speed and ergonomics are increased by about half. Overview of the drawings

附图 1A-D是自固板的实施例图。在附图 1A-D中， 1是自固板； 2a 是凸露式钢筋条固联装置； 2b 是平露式钢筋条固联装置； 2c是沉露式螺母型固联装置； 2d是凸露式螺丝型固联装置； 3是装饰板材，如磁砖、瓷片等； 4是加强钢筋； 5是混凝土； 6是板体正面； 7是边面； 8是背面。附图 2是砌墙法的实施例图。在附图 2中， 1是墙壁自固板; 2 是固联悍接点； 3 是板体竖向连接条； 4 是板体横向连接条； 5 是板体斜向加强条。 Figures 1A-D are diagrams of an embodiment of a self-fixing plate. In the drawings 1A-D, 1 is a self-fixing plate; 2a is a protruding-type reinforcing bar fixing device; 2b is a flat-type reinforcing bar fixing device; 2c is a submerged nut-type fixing device; 2d is a convex Exposed screw-type fixed connection device; 3 is decorative plate, such as tiles, porcelain plates, etc .; 4 is reinforced steel bars; 5 is concrete; 6 is the front of the board; 7 is the side surface; 8 is the back. Figure 2 is a diagram of an embodiment of the wall-building method. In FIG. 2, 1 is a wall self-fixing plate; 2 is a solid connection joint; 3 is a vertical connecting strip of the board; 4 is a horizontal connecting strip of the board; 5 is a diagonal reinforcing bar of the board.

附图 3是筑柱法的实施例图。在附图 3中， 1是柱体自固板; 2是柱体自固板悍接点； 3是柱体自固板竖向连接条； 4是柱体自固板固联接头； 5是柱体主钢筋； 6是柱体横向钢筋圈； 7是柱体斜向加强筋。附图 4是架梁临时斜拉法建筑实施例图。在附图 4 中， 1 是墙体； 2是梁体钢筋； 3是临时支撑； 4是拉强筋； 5是固撑筋。附图 5是天面封顶法建筑实施例图。在附图 5中， 1是墙体; 2是天面钢筋网； 3是临时支撑； 4是固撑筋； 5是拉强筋。附图 6 是桥梁建筑例的实施例图。在图 6 中， 1 是桥墩； 2 是桥梁自固板； 3是桥梁钢筋； 4是临时支撑； 5是固撑筋； 6， 7 是拉强筋。附图 7是隧道建筑例的实施例图。在图 7 中， 1 是隧道自固板； 2 是隧道自固板纵向连接条； 3 是隧道自固板定位焊接头； 4 是隧道钢筋。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a pillar-building method. In FIG. 3, 1 is a column self-fixing plate; 2 is a column self-fixing plate contact; 3 is a column self-fixing plate vertical connection bar; 4 is a column self-fixing plate fixed joint; 5 is a column The main reinforcement of the body; 6 is the transverse reinforcement ring of the column; 7 is the diagonal reinforcement of the column. FIG. 4 is a diagram of a temporary girder construction method of a girder. In Figure 4, 1 is a wall; 2 is a beam reinforcement; 3 is a temporary support; 4 is a tensile reinforcement; 5 is a solid support. FIG. 5 is a diagram of a construction example of the sky-capped method. In Figure 5, 1 is a wall; 2 is a sky-shaped reinforcing mesh; 3 is a temporary support; 4 is a solid support bar; 5 is a tensile bar. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a bridge construction example. In Fig. 6, 1 is the bridge pier; 2 is the bridge self-retaining plate; 3 is the bridge reinforcement; 4 is the temporary support; 5 is the fixed reinforcement; 6, 7 is the tensile reinforcement. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a tunnel construction example. In Figure 7, 1 is the tunnel self-fixing plate; 2 is the longitudinal connection strip of the tunnel self-fixing plate; 3 is the positioning welding joint of the tunnel self-fixing plate; 4 is the tunnel reinforcement.

附图 8是茶几桌椅实施例图。在附图 8 中， 1 是茶几桌椅自固板； 2是沉露式固联螺母； 3是脚架凸露式固联螺丝； 4是脚架钢筋； 5是脚架混凝土； 6是脚架。 FIG. 8 is a diagram of an embodiment of a coffee table table and chair. In FIG. 8, 1 is a self-fixing plate for a coffee table table and chair; 2 is a dew-type fixing joint nut; 3 is a stand-type protruding fixing screw; 4 is a stand steel bar; 5 is a stand concrete; 6 is a foot frame.

附图 9是周边预留钢筋法示意图。在附图 9 中， 1 是墙壁或横梁； 2是凸埂； 3是对侧钢筋之一； 4是对侧钢筋之二。 Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the method of reserving the surrounding steel bars. In Figure 9, 1 is a wall or beam; 2 is a convex ridge; 3 is one of the opposite steel bars; 4 is the other of the opposite steel bars.

实现本发明的最侏方式 The most awkward way to implement the invention

本发明永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术包括永模预饰自固板、永模预饰自固板的制造方法和永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑方法； The permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction technology includes a permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixed silk panel, a manufacturing method of the permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixed silk panel, and a permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixed silkworm rapid construction method;

所述永模预饰自固板是一种用建筑材料本身制作的板体，是建筑物的一部分，具有模板和装饰的双重功能，是一种永远固定在建筑体上的永不脱模的模板和装饰板，由板体和自固装置组成；其特征是：所述板体本身是用建筑物体的材料本身预制而成，如钢筋混凝土、各种饰材等，装模后即成为建筑物的一部分；所述板体其中的一面为固联面即反面（或称背面或内面），设有用于装模时固定板体的自固装置；板体的另一面包括边面为装饰面即正面（或称饰面或外面），所述装饰面又分为复合饰面和裸体饰面等饰面形式； The permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing board is a board body made of building materials itself, is a part of a building, and has the dual functions of formwork and decoration. It is a type that is never fixed on the building body. The formwork and decorative board are composed of a board body and a self-fixing device; its characteristics are: the board body itself is prefabricated with the building material itself, such as reinforced concrete, various decorative materials, etc., and it will become a building after loading Part of the object; one side of the plate body is a fixed connection surface, that is, the reverse side (or the back surface or the inner surface), which is provided with a self-fixing device for fixing the plate body during the molding process; the other side of the plate body includes a side surface as a decorative surface That is, the front surface (or the decorative surface or the outer surface), and the decorative surface is further divided into a decorative surface such as a composite surface and a nude surface;

所述板体按材料分有粘料板体，如混凝土板体，矿渣或粉煤灰板体等，和在各种饰材上加铺混凝土的复合板体，以及用各种饰材本身制成的单料板体，如陶瓷板体、天然或人造石材板体、玻璃板体、木材板体、塑胶板体等各种不同材质的板体；自固板按用途分有墙壁自固板，窗框、门框及门扇自固板，柱、梁自固板，天面自固板，台、椅自固板，堤坝自固板等各种用途的自固板； The board is divided into sticky boards according to materials, such as concrete boards, slag or fly ash boards, etc., and composite boards with concrete overlaid on various decorative materials, and made of various decorative materials themselves. Single-material boards, such as ceramic boards, natural or artificial stone boards, glass boards, wood boards, plastic boards and other boards of different materials; self-fixing boards are divided into wall self-fixing boards according to use , Self-retaining boards for window frames, door frames and door leaf self-retaining boards, columns and beams, self-retaining boards for sky, self-retaining boards for tables and chairs, self-retaining boards for dams, etc.

所述粘料板体是由粘料加填料制成的一种自固板体，如混凝土、矿渣或粉煤灰等； The sticky board is a self-fixing board made of sticky material and filler, such as concrete, slag, or fly ash;

所述混凝土板体是由混凝土、钢筋等浇筑而成的混凝土板体；所述矿渣或粉煤灰板体是用矿渣或粉煤灰为填料压制而成的一种板体；所述复合自固板是在陶瓷板体、玻璃板体、天然及人造石板体等板体上再铺筑一层钢筋混凝土和固联装置的一种高强度复合一体的复合自固板体。该自固板是一种适合于先在工厂标准化商品化大生产出薄体单料自固板体，以方便运输和搬运到施工场地，再在施工现场用加铺钢筋混凝土来加厚加强到符合使用要求的一种复合体自固板（如附图 1所示）；所述陶瓷板体是用陶瓷材料制成的一种自固板体；所述天然或人造石板板体是用天然石材或人工仿制的石材制成的一种自固板体；所述玻璃板体是用玻璃材料制成的一种自固板体；所述木材板体是用木质材料制成的一种自固板体；所述塑胶板体是用塑胶材料制成的一种自固板体；所述墙壁自固板是一种规格较小和钢筋较少的自固板，一般取长 = 60— 90，宽 = 30—50，厚约 3— 4 ( cm) ; 所述窗框、门框及门扇自固板是用于门、窗部分的自固板，其规格大小和形状及饰面须根据门框、窗框、门扇等来确定；所述柱、梁自固板是柱、梁部分用的自固板，其具体规格大小和形状及饰面须根据柱、梁的具体形状与规格来预制；所述天面自固板是用于建筑楼板、桥板等的自固板，其规格根据封顶法的具体方法而定，预应力法的自固板则较小，一般取长 = 50— 90，宽 = 30— 60，厚约 3— 4 ( cm) ; 硬模法的自固板则较大和钢筋较密，固联点也较多，一般取长 = 150— 250，宽 = 30 — 60，厚约 3— 4 ( cm) ; 所述台、椅自固板是用于制作台卓、椅子专用的自固板，其规格大小和形状花色品种等根据台、椅的要求而定；其固联形式多用螺丝式或一体式；螺丝式是台、椅的脚与主体是用螺丝固定的；一体式是指台、椅的脚与板面一体浇筑而成，为不可拆卸式；所述堤坝自固板是一种较厚较粗的自固板；所述自固装置是一种设置或粘固在板体上的，在安装自固板时，用于固定自固板的一种装置，其结构类别、设置形式和固定方法如下：其中，结构类别是指自固装置的结构方式，有枝条式 (如钢筋条）、螺丝式、孔眼式、钩头式、嵌合式、粘胶式等多种固联结构方式；设置形式是指自固装置在板体上的放置形式，有 2 种，分别是凸露式和平露式；固定方法是指通过自固装置固定板体的方法，有：悍接法、绑扎法、螺丝法、胶粘法、嵌合法等多种固定方法； The concrete slab body is a concrete slab body poured from concrete, steel, or the like; The slag or fly ash board is a kind of board pressed with slag or fly ash as a filler; the composite self-fixing board is a board such as a ceramic board, a glass board, a natural or artificial stone board A layer of reinforced concrete and a high-strength composite self-fixing plate body with a consolidated device is laid on the body. The self-fixing plate is a kind of thin-body single-material self-fixing plate that is suitable for large-scale production of standardized and commercialized materials in the factory to facilitate transportation and handling to the construction site, and then reinforced with reinforced concrete at the construction site. A composite self-fixing plate that meets the requirements for use (as shown in Figure 1); the ceramic plate is a self-fixing plate made of ceramic material; the natural or artificial slate plate is made of natural A self-fixing plate made of stone or artificial imitation stone; the glass plate is a self-fixing plate made of glass material; the wood plate is a self-fixing plate made of wood material The plastic plate body is a self-fixing plate body made of a plastic material; the wall self-fixing plate is a self-fixing plate with a small size and less steel bars, and the length is generally 60 = 90, width = 30-50, thickness about 3-4 (cm); the window frame, door frame and door leaf self-retaining plate are self-retaining plates used for doors and window parts, and its size, shape and finish shall be according to The door frame, window frame, door leaf, etc. are determined; the columns and beam self-fixing plates are used for the columns and beams. The fixed plate, its specific size, shape and finish must be prefabricated according to the specific shape and specifications of the columns and beams; the sky-face self-fixing plate is a self-fixing plate for building floors, bridges, etc., and its specifications are according to the cap It depends on the specific method of the method. The self-fixing plate of the prestressing method is smaller, generally taking length = 50—90, width = 30—60, and thickness of about 3-4 (cm); The Yamato steel bar is denser and has more fixing points. Generally, the length is 150—250, the width is 30—60, and the thickness is about 3-4 (cm). The self-retaining plate for chairs, its size, shape and variety are determined according to the requirements of the table and chair. The fastening type is multi-purpose screw type or integrated type. The screw type is the table, the chair's feet and the main body are fixed with screws. Integral means that the feet of the table and chair are cast together with the board surface, and it is not removable; The dam self-fixing plate is a thicker and thicker self-fixing plate; the self-fixing device is a type provided or fixed on the plate body, and is used for fixing the self-fixing plate when the self-fixing plate is installed. A device has the following structural categories, installation forms, and fixing methods: Among them, the structural category refers to the structure of the self-fixing device, which includes branch type (such as steel bar), screw type, eyelet type, hook head type, fitting type, There are many kinds of fixed connection structure methods such as adhesive type; the setting form refers to the self-fixing device placement on the board, there are two types, which are convex type and flat dew type; the fixing method refers to fixing the board body by the self-fixing device The methods include: a variety of fixing methods such as strong connection method, banding method, screw method, gluing method, and mosaic method;

所述枝条式自固装置是枝条（如钢筋条）的一端有弯钩或弯折地埋入板体内或勾结或焊接在板体内的钢筋上，另一端则裸露于板体外（凸露式），在装模时，利用勾扎或焊接裸露 '于板体外的枝条来固定自固板的一种固定装置；或是枝条（如钢筋条）的两端都有弯钩或弯折地埋入板体内或勾结或悍接在板体内的钢筋上，枝条的中端则裸露于板体的平面内（平露式），在装模时，则另外使用枝条来勾扎或焊接平露或称埋露、沉露于板体内的枝条来固定自固板的一种固定装置； The branch-type self-fixing device is a branch (such as a reinforcing bar) that has one end hooked or bent to be buried in the body of the board or collusion or welded to the steel bar inside the board, and the other end is exposed outside the board (convex) A fixing device for fixing the self-fixing plate by hooking or welding the bare branches outside the board when mounting the mold; or both ends of the branches (such as steel bars) are hooked or bent to be buried. The inside of the board is either hooked or connected to the steel bar inside the board, and the middle ends of the branches are exposed in the plane of the board (flat exposed). When the mold is installed, the branches are used to hook or weld flat exposed or called A fixing device for fixing and fixing a self-fixing plate by burying and digging branches in the plate body;

所述螺丝式自固装置是螺丝的一端埋入板体内或焊接在板体内的钢筋上，另一端则裸露于板体外；在装模时，利用与板体上的螺丝配套的装置（如螺母、接头等）来固定自固板的一种固定装置； In the screw-type self-fixing device, one end of a screw is buried in a plate body or welded on a steel bar inside the plate body, and the other end is exposed outside the plate body. When mounting a mold, a device (such as a nut) that is matched with a screw on the plate body is used. , Joints, etc.) to fix a self-fixing plate;

所述孔眼式自固装置是板体内设有孔眼，在装模时，利用与板体上的孔眼配套的装置（如栓棒、膨胀柱等）来固定自固板的一种固定装置； The eyelet-type self-fixing device is a fixing device for fixing a self-fixing plate by using a device (such as a bolt, an expansion column, and the like) that is matched with the eyelet on the plate body when the mold is installed;

所述钩头式自固装置是板体上设有钩头，在装模时，利用与板体上的钩头配套的装置（如套环、接头等）来固定自固板的一种固定装置； The hook-head type self-fixing device is a kind of fixing provided with a hook head on a plate body, and a device (such as a collar, a joint, etc.) for fixing the self-fixing plate is used when the mold is mounted. Device

所述嵌合式自固装置是板体上设有嵌合头或嵌合槽，在装模时，利用与板体上嵌合与吻合的装置（如凹嵌合或凸嵌合、燕尾形等）来固定自固板的一种固定装置； The fitting type self-fixing device is provided with a fitting head or a fitting groove on the plate body. When the mold is installed, a device (such as a concave fitting or a convex fitting, a dovetail shape, etc.) that is fitted and matched with the plate body is used. ) A fixing device for fixing the self-fixing plate;

所述粘胶式自固装置是板体上设有胶粘部位，在装模时，利用与板体上的胶粘部位配套的装置（如枝条、棒条等）来粘连胶接或热熔胶接固定自固板的一种固定装置；凸露式是自固装置的固联部位凸出板体的外面，如埋置的钢筋条或锣栓有一端凸露出板体外作为固联部分；或埋设的钢筋有作为固联用的环耳状钢筋部分凸露出板体面；或板体本身有嵌合凸出等等； The viscous self-fixing device is provided with an adhesive part on the board body. When the mold is installed, a device (such as a branch, a stick, etc.) that is matched with the adhesive part on the board body is used to adhere or glue. A fixing device for adhesively fixing a self-fixing plate; The exposed type is the self-fixing device's fixed connection part protruding from the outside of the board. For example, the embedded steel bar or gong bolt has one end protruding from the outside of the board as the fixed connection part; or the embedded steel bar has ring ears for fixed connection. The shaped steel bar part protrudes from the surface of the board body; or the board body has a fitting protrusion and so on;

平露式是自固装置的固联部位不凸露出板体外，只裸露于板体的平面内，如埋置的钢筋条的固联部位裸露在不高于板体的平面，或埋置的螺母沉没在板体的平面内；另外，为了方便联接，在固联部位的板体上还设有凹坑； The flat dew type is that the fixing part of the self-fixing device does not protrude from the outside of the board, and is only exposed in the plane of the board. For example, the fixing part of the embedded steel bar is exposed not higher than the plane of the board, or is buried. The nut is sunk in the plane of the plate body; in addition, in order to facilitate the connection, a recess is also provided on the plate body at the fixed connection portion;

通过自固装置固定板体的焊接法是在装模时，用电焊或熔胶悍等焊接方法将自固板进行固定的一种固定方法； The welding method of fixing the plate body by the self-fixing device is a fixing method of fixing the self-fixing plate by welding methods such as electric welding or hot-melt welding during mold mounting;

通过自固装置固定板体的绑扎法是在装模时，用铁丝或线绳等绑扎方法将自固板进行绑扎固定的一种固定方法； The binding method for fixing the plate body by the self-fixing device is a fixing method for bundling and fixing the self-fixation plate by using a binding method such as iron wire or wire rope when the mold is installed;

通过自固装置固定板体的螺丝法是用螺丝进行联接固定自固板的一种固定方法； The screw method of fixing the plate body by the self-fixing device is a fixing method of fixing and fixing the self-fixing plate by using screws;

通过自固装置固定板体的胶粘法是在固联处涂敷或熔焊粘胶来固定自固板的一种固定方法，该方法具有自固板上不用设置固联物，只须留出固联位置即可的优点； The adhesive method for fixing the plate body by the self-fixing device is a method for fixing or fixing the self-fixing plate by applying or welding adhesive on the solid-fixing place. The advantage of being able to get out of the fixed position;

通过自固装置固定板体的嵌合法是将固联部位做成嵌合形活接（如燕尾）来固定自固板的一种固定方法； The fitting method for fixing the plate body by the self-fixing device is a fixing method in which the fixing part is made into a joint-shaped joint (such as a dovetail) to fix the self-fixing plate;

所述复合饰面是在装饰面上预置有和板体粘在一起的装饰材料，如瓷砖、马赛克、大理石、玻璃、塑胶等； The composite decorative surface is preset on the decorative surface with decorative materials adhered to the board body, such as tiles, mosaics, marble, glass, plastic, etc .;

所述裸体饰面是装饰面上自体预置一些纹路、涂料、甚至只有简单的平面或本色等； The nude finish is a preset surface with some textures, paints, or even a simple plane or natural color;

所述永模预饰自固板制造方法包括混凝土法及其模具、陶瓷法、玻璃法、塑胶法、天然或人造石材法、混合法、木材法、矿渣或粉煤灰法及其模具等多种预制方法，预制时须根据建筑对象确定板体的材料和形状规格尺寸、饰面的材料和样式、自固装置的类型等； The manufacturing method of the permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing plate includes a concrete method and a mold thereof, a ceramic method, a glass method, a plastic method, a natural or artificial stone method, a mixing method, a wood method, a slag or fly ash method, and a mold thereof. A prefabrication method, the material and shape specifications of the board body, the material and style of the finish, and the type of self-fixing device must be determined according to the building object during prefabrication;

所述混凝土法及其模具又分贴饰混凝土法及其模具、光饰混凝土法及其模具、裸体混凝土法及其模具等几种预制方法；所述贴饰混凝土法及其模具是： 1.在制作自固板的模具里，在需要装饰的面及边上预先反面放置装饰材料，如磁砖、瓷片、马赛克、玻璃板、大理石板、塑胶板等； 2.在模具里放好板体钢筋和固联装置，如钢筋条、螺丝等； 3.浇上混凝土并掾实抹平，同时注意使固联部位处的固联装置如钢筋条、螺丝等清洁裸露出来； 4.待混凝土收浆后即可拆模，不需等到完全干固硬化后才拆模；若自固板的板面是平面的，则其模具只是一种简单的可拆的活动的边模而不需要面模，可以方便地在平地上或平台上或在同规格的自固板面上层叠施工；边模可用角钢、木条、铁板等配上活动的夹具、转页、插销等制成；若自固板的板面不是平面的，则还要增加面模；本法具有模具简单，装饰效果好，可就地简便施工的优点；所述光饰混凝土法及其模具是： 1.根据光饰要求制作面模，如要求有纹路或图案的则需制作有纹路或图案的面模； 2.在模具里放好板体钢筋和固联钢筋； 3.浇上混凝土并掺实抹平，同时注意使固联部位处的钢筋清洁裸露出来；本法模具和制作工艺要求较高，适合用机械制造；所述裸体混凝土法及其模具基本与贴饰混凝土法及其模具相同，所不同的是裸体混凝土法无贴饰部分，是用纸或布等作为防粘隔离材料代替贴饰混凝土法中的贴饰材料进行施工；所述陶瓷法是指用瓷砖、釉面砖等类似的陶瓷材料制造自固板，本法适合工业化商品化大生产，饰面漂亮美观耐久，但质脆易碎；所述玻璃法是指用玻璃材料制做自固板，适合用于特高级装修的建筑；所述塑胶法是指用塑胶材料制造自固板。适合用于超高级装修的建筑；所述天然或人造石材法是指用天然石材或人造石材制做自固板，如大理石、云石等等，适合用于较高级装修的建筑；所述混合法是分别在工厂里先用陶瓷法、玻璃法、塑胶法、天然或人造石材法等方法制造出薄体自固板体，然后再在施工现场在自固板上加浇钢筋混凝土的一种需二次加厚加强制作的方法；它集各种方法的优点于一体，以方便运输、增加板体强度和方便设置固联装置；本法适合大规模工业化商品化标准化大生产自固板，具有饰面更理想美观漂亮、二次制作更简便且不需模具和特殊场地的优点，尤其是制作台、椅、门、窗更为简捷、方便; 所述木材法是指用木材制作有装饰面的自固板，其装饰的一面或经打磨、刨光、压纹、雕刻、油漆等，该种自固板适合于室内预饰，如天花、内墙等；所述矿渣或粉煤灰法及其模具是一种用矿渣或粉煤灰作为填料经机械压制而成自固板的方法；所述永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑方法包括砌墙法、筑柱法、架梁法、封顶法；砌墙法适宜建筑墙壁；筑柱法适宜建筑支柱和桥墩；架梁法适宜于建筑横梁和跨拱；封顶法适宜于铺筑横板、天面和桥板等；所述砌墙法是一种先将墙壁自固板自我固定连接起来，再用混凝土浇筑粘结加强牢固的一种不用砖块和再行批灰、粉饰或贴饰等硬装修的砌筑与装修合一的一步到位的墙壁砌筑法（如附图The concrete method and its mold are divided into several prefabricated methods, such as the decorative concrete method and its mold, the light decorative concrete method and its mold, the naked concrete method and its mold; the decorative concrete method and its mold are: 1. In the mold for making self-fixing plates, place decorative materials such as tiles, porcelain plates, Mosaic, glass plate, marble plate, plastic plate, etc. 2. Put the plate steel bars and fixing devices, such as steel bars, screws, etc. in the mold; 3. Pour the concrete and solidify it, and pay attention to the fixing The fixing devices at the parts such as steel bars, screws, etc. are exposed and exposed; 4. The mold can be removed after the concrete is collected, and the mold does not need to be removed after it is completely dry and hardened; If the plate surface of the self-fixing plate is flat , Its mold is only a simple removable movable side mold without the need for a surface mold, which can be easily laminated on a flat floor or a platform or on the self-fixing plate surface of the same specification; the side mold can be angle steel, wood It is made of strips, iron plates, etc. with movable fixtures, page turning, latches, etc .; if the plate surface of the self-fixing plate is not flat, a surface mold must be added; this method has simple molds, good decorative effects, and can be used locally. The advantages of simple construction; The decorative concrete method and its mold are: 1. Make a surface mold according to the requirements of light decoration, if a texture or pattern is required, a surface mold with a texture or pattern is required; 2. Place in the mold Good plate reinforcement and solid reinforcement; 3 .Pour concrete and mix and smooth, while paying attention to make the steel bars at the solidified part clean and exposed; the mold and manufacturing process of this method have high requirements and are suitable for mechanical manufacturing; the naked concrete method and its basic and decorative The concrete method and its mold are the same, except that the naked concrete method has no appliqué parts, and paper or cloth is used as an anti-adhesive insulation material instead of the applique materials in the applique concrete method for construction; the ceramic method refers to the use of Tiles, glazed tiles and other similar ceramic materials are used to manufacture self-fixing plates. This method is suitable for large-scale industrial commercial production. The finish is beautiful, beautiful, durable, but brittle and fragile. The glass method refers to the use of glass materials to make self-fixing plates. It is suitable for buildings with super high-end decoration; the plastic method refers to the manufacture of self-fixing boards made of plastic materials. Suitable for super-high-end decoration buildings; The natural or artificial stone method refers to self-fixing boards made of natural stone or artificial stone, such as marble, marble, etc., which are suitable for higher-end decoration buildings; the mixing The method is to use the ceramic method, glass method, plastic method, natural or artificial stone method to produce thin self-fixing plates in the factory, and then add reinforced concrete to the self-fixing plates at the construction site. It requires secondary thickening to strengthen the production method; it combines the advantages of various methods in one to facilitate transportation, increase board strength and Convenient to set up the solidification device; This method is suitable for large-scale industrialized commercialization and standardization of large-scale self-fixing plates. It has the advantages of more ideal and beautiful finishes, easier secondary production, and no need for molds and special venues, especially for making tables and chairs. , Doors, and windows are more simple and convenient; the wood method refers to the self-curing board made of wood with a decorative surface, the decorative side of which is polished, planed, embossed, carved, painted, etc. The board is suitable for indoor pre-decoration, such as ceiling, interior wall, etc .; The slag or fly ash method and its mold are a method of self-solidifying board by mechanical pressing using slag or fly ash as a filler; the permanent The rapid construction methods of mold self-fixing and self-fixing include the wall-building method, column-building method, beam-building method, and capping method; the wall-building method is suitable for building walls; the column-building method is suitable for building pillars and piers; the beam-building method is suitable for building beams and Spanning arch; roofing method is suitable for laying horizontal slabs, sky surfaces and bridge slabs, etc .; the wall-building method is a method in which the self-fixing walls of the wall are first fixed and connected by themselves, and then reinforced by concrete pouring and bonding. brick One-step wall masonry method that combines the hardened masonry and decoration such as ash, whitewashing or stickers (such as the attached picture)

2所示）；其步骤包括墙壁自固板的放置法、墙壁自固板的自我固定安装法、墙体浇筑法、防边缝漏浆污染法；所述墙壁自固板的放置法是在起正墙的基础上，按墙体的宽度在墙体的两边线内，装饰面（正面）向外、固联面（背面或称反面）向内地对立放置好墙壁自固板（如附图 2 中 1 所示），其中，两上下相邻的自固板和两对面的自固板可以是正对式，也可以是错开一半式等等方式放置；所述墙壁自固板的自我固定安装法是将对立面的自固板和两两相邻的自固板在内面（固联面）用枝条（如附图 2 ) 初步固定连接起来，使之具有一定的稳定强度，能够经受浇灌捣筑混凝土的压力和振动而不会出现变形移位等现象的一种方法，包括枝条、枝条放置法和枝条及其与自固板固联处的连接法；所述枝条有金属类和非金属类 2种，金属类的如钢筋条、小铁条等；非金属类的如竹木条、塑胶条、混凝土嵌合条等等；所述枝条放置法包括正对（横向和竖向或纵向）放置法和斜对（斜向）交叉放置法；正对放置法是枝条在两两相对和相邻的自固板固联处，以最短最直的距离放置连接；斜对交叉放置法是枝条在两两相对和相邻的自固板固联处，以斜对交叉的形式放置连接，如下对上、左对右、左上对右下等； 2); the steps include the method of placing the wall self-fixing board, the method of self-fixing the wall self-fixing board, the method of pouring the wall, and the method of preventing the leakage of the side seam and the pollution of the slurry; On the basis of the front wall, according to the width of the wall, within the two sides of the wall, the decorative surface (front) outwards, the fixed surface (back or reverse), and the wall self-fixing plate (such as the drawing) 2 as shown in 1), wherein two vertically adjacent self-fixing plates and two opposite self-fixing plates may be placed in a front-to-front or half-shift manner, etc .; the wall self-fixing plates are self-fixed and installed The method is to connect the self-fixing plates on the opposite side and the two adjacent self-fixing plates on the inner surface (fixed connection surface) with branches (as shown in Figure 2), so that they have a certain stable strength and can withstand the pouring and piling. A method for the pressure and vibration of concrete without deformation and displacement, including branches, branch placement method, and the method for connecting branches and self-fixing boards; the branches are metal and non-metal 2 types, metal such as rebar Strips, small iron strips, etc .; non-metallics such as bamboo strips, plastic strips, concrete mosaic strips, etc .; the branch placement methods include facing (horizontal and vertical or vertical) placement methods and diagonal pairs (slanting ) Cross placement method; the opposite placement method is that the branches are opposite to each other and adjacent Place the connection at the shortest and straightest distance of the self-fixing plate. The diagonally-crossed placement method is to place the branches at the opposite and adjacent self-fixing plates. , Left to right, top left to bottom right, etc .;

枝条及其与自固板固联处的连接法分悍接式（同通过自固装置固定板体的焊接法）如附图 2、绑扎式（同通过自固装置固定板体的绑扎法）、螺丝式（同通过自固装置固定板体的螺丝法）如附图 8、胶粘式（同通过自固装置固定板体的胶粘法）、嵌合式 (同通过自固装置固定板体的嵌合法）； The branches and the connection method with the self-fixing plate are divided into two types (the same as the welding method of fixing the plate body by the self-fixing device) as shown in Figure 2. Banding type (the same as the method of fixing the plate body by the self-fixing device) 、 Screw type (same as the screw method for fixing the plate body by the self-fixing device) As shown in Figure 8, Adhesive type (the same as the method for fixing the plate body by the self-fixing device), Fitting type (the same as fixing the plate body by the self-fixing device) Chimera method);

所述墙体浇筑法是当墙壁自固板自我固定好一层或几层后即填充浇注混凝土的一种方法，若墙体没有砌完还需要继续砌筑，则不要浇填满，最上一层要留出三分之一，使该层自固板的上部固联部位露出来，以免影响后续自固板的自固与安装；在填充浇灌混凝土中可适当填充角石或泡沫等填料，以降低墙体的成本或重量和提高墙壁的隔音隔热等性能； The wall pouring method is a method of filling and pouring concrete after the wall self-fixing plate has been fixed one or more layers. If the wall is not finished and it is necessary to continue building, then do not fill it. Top One third of the layer should be left so that the upper part of the self-fixing plate of this layer is exposed, so as not to affect the self-fixing and installation of the subsequent self-fixing plate; fillers such as corner stones or foam can be appropriately filled in the filling and pouring concrete to Reduce the cost or weight of the wall and improve the sound insulation performance of the wall;

所述防边缝漏浆污染法是为了防止水泥浆从自固板的边缝掺漏出来污染饰面的一种方法，包括胶粘法、灰浆法、胶条法和胶纸法。 The anti-seam leakage prevention pollution method is a method for preventing cement slurry from leaking from the side seams of a self-fixing board to contaminate the finish, and includes a gluing method, a mortar method, a glue strip method and a tape method.

所述防边缝漏浆污染的胶粘法是在自固安装好自固板之后、浇灌混凝土之前，用胶将边缝粘闭或整个饰面贴住，使水泥浆无法从边缝里流出到外面来的一种方法；胶可以是热熔胶、不干胶，也可以是水溶胶，以方便施工后能很容易地刷去； The adhesive method for preventing the leakage of the side seam from being polluted by the cement is to fix the side seam with glue or stick the entire decorative surface after the self-fixing board is installed and before pouring the concrete, so that the cement slurry cannot flow out of the side seam. A method to get outside; the glue can be hot-melt adhesive, self-adhesive, or hydrosol, so that it can be easily removed after construction;

所述防边缝漏浆污染的灰浆法是在安装自固板的同时用灰浆将边缝粘闭，使水泥浆无法从边缝里流出到外面来的一种方法；灰浆可以是水泥桨、石灰浆等建筑灰浆； The mortar method for preventing contamination by leakage leakage of side seams is a method of sealing the side seams with mortar while installing self-fixing plates so that the cement slurry cannot flow out of the side seams to the outside. The mortar may be a cement paddle, Construction mortar such as lime mortar;

所述防边缝漏浆污染的胶条法是在安装自固板的同时用胶条嵌没于边缝内，使水泥浆无法从边缝里流出到外面来的一种方法； The rubber strip method for preventing leakage pollution of the side seam is a method of embedding a self-fixing board in the side seam while installing the self-fixing board, so that the cement slurry cannot flow out of the side seam to the outside;

所述防边缝漏浆污染的胶纸法是在自固安装好自固板之后、浇灌混凝土之前，用胶纸将边缝粘闭或整个饰面贴住，使水泥浆无法从边缝里流出到外面来的一种方法； The adhesive tape method for preventing the leakage of the side seam from slurry pollution is to fix the side seam with adhesive tape or stick the entire decorative surface after the self-fixing board is installed and before the concrete is poured, so that the cement slurry cannot pass through the side seam. A way to flow out;

所述筑柱法是在能起柱的基础上，先焊或扎牢固柱体自身的钢筋，然后以柱体钢筋为内支撑体地在柱体钢筋上安装固定好柱体自固板，最后再浇筑混凝土的一种不需外模板和外支撑以及批灰贴饰装修的模、饰、固、筑合一的一步到位的柱体建筑法（如附图 3 所示）；其步骤包括柱体钢筋的结构装置法、柱体自固板的自我固定安装法、柱体浇筑法、蚕进法、防边缝漏浆污染法；若柱和墙是混合结构，则柱和墙要同时施工； The column building method is based on being able to lift the column, first welding or tying the steel bars of the column itself, and then using the column steel bar as an internal support to install and fix the column self-fixing plate on the column steel bar, and finally A one-step column construction method for re-casting concrete that does not require external formwork and external support, as well as mold, decoration, solidification, and construction of batches of gray plaster decoration (such as (Shown in FIG. 3); the steps include the structural device method of the column reinforcement, the self-fixing installation method of the column self-fixing plate, the column pouring method, the silkworm penetration method, and the anti-seal leakage pollution method; if the column and the wall It is a mixed structure, so columns and walls must be constructed simultaneously;

所述柱体钢筋的结构装置是柱体钢筋的结构，其主钢筋不但要有通常的弯成圈式正交（横向）的钢筋条悍或扎牢固，而且还悍或扎有斜交式（斜向）的钢筋条如附图 3 进一步增加强度，使之能支承安装固定上去的自固板及浇灌捣筑混凝土； - 所述柱体自固板的自我固定安装法是先将柱体自固板如附图 3 , 装饰面向外、固联面向内自下而上地放置在界线的位置，然后用钢筋条将与固联部位最近处的柱体钢筋悍接牢固，如此安装固定好一块自固板后接着安装固定第二块第三块……，和安装固定好一层（圈）后再安装固定第二层（圈）第三层（圈） ……，并且同时再用钢筋条将两两相邻的自固板和柱体钢筋互连悍接进一步加固，如附图 3 ; The structural device of the cylindrical steel bar is a cylindrical steel bar structure, and the main steel bar must not only have the usual orthodox (horizontal) steel bars that are bent into a circle, or be fastened, but also be stiff or diagonal ( The oblique) steel bars further increase the strength as shown in Figure 3, so that they can support the installation and fixing of the self-fixing plate and pouring concrete;-The self-fixing installation method of the column self-fixing plate is to first The fixing plate is as shown in Figure 3, and the decorative surface is facing outward and the solidified surface is placed in the boundary line from bottom to top. Then, the steel bars of the column closest to the solidified portion are firmly connected with a reinforcing bar. After the self-fixing plate, the second and third pieces are installed and fixed, and after the first layer (circle) is installed and fixed, the second layer (circle) and the third layer (circle) are installed and fixed. The two adjacent self-fixing plates and the column reinforcement are further strengthened, as shown in Figure 3;

所述柱体浇筑法是当柱体自固板在柱体钢筋上安装固定好及自我加固好一层（圈）或几层（圈）后即填充浇注混凝土的一种方法，若柱体没有装完还需要继续装筑，则不要浇填满，最上一层（圈）要留出三分之一，使该层自固板的上部固联部位露出来，不致影响后续自固板的自固与安装； The column casting method is a method for filling and pouring concrete after the column self-fixing plate is installed and fixed on the column reinforcement and self-reinforced one layer (circle) or several layers (circle). After assembly, you need to continue to build. Do not fill it. The top layer (circle) should be left one-third, so that the upper part of the self-fixing plate of this layer is exposed, which will not affect the self-fixing of the subsequent self-fixing plate. Fixing and installation;

所述蚕进法是装置悍接牢固一部分钢筋即固联该部分自固板和浇筑该部分混凝土，待该部分混凝土固化硬结后，又重复上述步骤筑进的建筑方法；适宜于建筑高跨宽大的柱、梁、天面等，如柱、梁、桥、涵等； The silkworm feeding method is a construction method in which a part of the steel bar is firmly connected, that is, the part of the self-fixing slab is fixed and the part of concrete is poured. After the part of the concrete is cured and hardened, the above steps are repeated. The construction method is suitable for high-span wide buildings. Columns, beams, sky surfaces, etc., such as columns, beams, bridges, culverts, etc .;

所述架梁法是先在梁***置上安装和焊接牢固梁体钢筋，然后在梁体钢筋上用钢筋条安装固定焊牢梁体自固板，最后再浇筑混凝土的一种不需外模板和外支撑及批灰贴饰装修的模、饰、固、筑合一的一步到位的梁体建筑法；该法具有自预应力的优点，能充分发挥钢筋的作用；其步骤包括梁体钢筋的结构安装法（同柱体钢筋的结构装置法）、梁体自固板的自我固定安装法（同柱体自固板的自我固定安装法）、梁体浇筑法（同柱体浇注法）、防边缝漏浆污染法；架梁法的具体施工方法又分为一次完成法、蚕进法、临时斜拉法； The beam girder method is to first install and weld solid beam reinforcement at the beam body position, then install and fix the welded beam body self-fixing plate on the beam reinforcement with steel bars, and finally cast concrete without a formwork. One-step beam construction method combining mold, decoration, solidification, and construction with external support and batch of gray plaster decoration; This method has the advantage of self-stressing and can fully play the role of reinforcing steel; its steps include beam reinforcement Structural installation method (structural installation method of the same column reinforcement), self-fixing installation method of the beam self-fixing plate (self-fixing installation method of the same column self-fixing plate), beam casting method (same column casting method) 4. The method of preventing pollution from leakage of side seams; The concrete construction method of the beam-girder method is divided into one-time completion method, silkworm advance method and temporary stay-pulling method;

所述一次完成法是先将梁体钢筋预先悍牢固，使之具有一定刚度后再放置架设在梁***置上，然后将梁体自固板固联在该梁体钢筋上，最后浇筑上混凝土；这种方法适宜于跨度不大的较小的梁体；所述临时斜拉法是对跨度特大的梁或天面的钢筋悬空处，临时焊接或绑扎一根或数根拉出体外的拉强筋条，如钢筋或铁线等筋条，以增加前期梁体钢筋和天面钢筋的支承力，防止悬空部分的梁体钢筋和天面钢筋下坠，待固联安装好自固板与浇筑上的混凝土硬化后，及至整体强度达到安全保险可靠时才剪拆去临时拉强筋的一种自体加强的临时固定建筑法（如附图 4、 5、 6 所示）; 拉强筋的拉强方式如同吊桥一般，是在一定点上支立起一临时支撑，从临时支撑（如附图 4、 5、 6 所示）上部向下拉出固撑筋和拉强筋；所述固撑筋是在临时支撑上拉出的用于拉固支撑本身的一种斜拉筋，其一端联结在临时支撑上，另一端联结在一固定点上（如附图 4、 5、 6所示）；所述拉强筋是将悬空处的梁体钢筋和天面钢筋网拉固拉紧的一种斜拉筋，其一端联结在临时支撑上，另一端联结在悬空处的梁体钢筋或天面钢筋网的合适点上（如附图 4、 5、 6所示）；所述封顶法是不用外模板和外支撑以及批灰抹底的一种模、饰、固、筑合一的一步到位的天面铺筑法，具有预应力法和硬模法二种实现方法；所述预应力法是先将天面钢筋网拉紧并悍扎牢固无返松现象后，再将天面自固板饰面朝下、固联面向上地固联在天面钢筋网的底部，最后再铺筑一层混凝土的一种天面铺筑法；其方法步骤包括周边预留钢筋法、天面钢筋预应力网的焊扎法、临时斜拉法、天面自固板的自我固定安装法、天面铺筑法、防边缝漏浆污染法; 预应力法适合于墙、梁较少而跨空又大的天面；所述周边预留钢筋法是在天面周边的墙上面的两对侧边和梁上面的两对侧边，预留出与天面钢筋网的排列间距相等的钢筋头，作为天面钢筋的紧固接头，并且两侧钢筋的中间筑有凸埂，以使两边的钢筋反折后能空悬一定的高度，便于装置天面（如附图 2 所示）；这里所述的天面周边，并不是指整个天面的最外边的四周，而是指每一需要作为独立钢筋网排列的区的四周；这样，一块小天面则可能只有一个简单的四周边，而一块大天面则可能有许多个两两相共边的周区，如楼房则大多以主墙及大房间为一个周区，一栋大楼房的天面则就被分成许多个周区，就需要在许多个周区的边上和中间的梁上预留出许多钢筋头； The one-time completion method is to first strengthen the beam body reinforcement in advance to make it have a certain rigidity, and then place the beam body on the beam body, and then fix the beam body self-fixing plate to the beam. This method is suitable for small beams with small spans; the temporary cable-stayed method is to temporarily weld or bind a beam with a large-span beam or a steel bar suspended from the sky. Or several reinforcing bars that are pulled out of the body, such as reinforcing bars or iron wires, to increase the supporting force of the beam and sky reinforcement in the early stage, and prevent the beam reinforcement and sky reinforcement in the suspended part from falling, to be fixed A self-reinforcing temporary fixed building method (such as Figures 4, 5, and 6 in the attached drawings) after the self-fixing slab and the concrete on the pouring are hardened and the temporary strength is cut and removed only when the overall strength reaches safety and reliability. (Shown in the figure); The method of pulling the reinforcing ribs is similar to that of a suspension bridge. A temporary support is erected at a certain point, and the temporary supporting ribs are pulled down from the upper part of the temporary support (as shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6). Strong rib; the fixed brace is a kind of diagonal brace drawn on the temporary support for pulling the support itself, one end of which is connected to the temporary support, and the other end is connected to a fixed point (as shown in FIG. 4) , 5, 6); the tensile strength It is a kind of diagonal brace that tightens and tightens the beam reinforcement in the suspended area and the sky reinforcement mesh. One end is connected to the temporary support, and the other end is connected to the appropriate point of the beam reinforcement or sky reinforcement mesh in the suspension. (As shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the drawings); the capping method is a one-step sky paving that does not require an external template and external support and batch plastering, which is a one-step place. Method, which has two implementation methods: pre-stress method and hard mold method; the pre-stress method is to first tighten the sky steel mesh and fasten it firmly without loosening, and then the sky surface self-fixing board facing down A method of paving the sky with the solid surface facing the ground at the bottom of the steel mesh, and finally laying a layer of concrete. The method steps include the method of reserving the surrounding steel bars and welding the steel mesh prestressed mesh. Tie method, temporary cable-stayed method, self-fixing installation method of self-fixing panels on the sky, paving method on the sky, anti-leakage pollution from side seams; pre-stress method is suitable for the sky with few walls and beams and large spans. The method of reserving steel bars around the perimeter is to place two pairs of side edges and beams on the wall surface around the perimeter surface. For the two pairs of sides, rebar heads with the same spacing as the arrangement of the sky reinforcement mesh are reserved as fastening joints for the sky reinforcement, and convex ridges are built in the middle of the reinforcement on both sides so that the reinforcement on the two sides is folded back. Able to hang a certain height to facilitate the installation of the sky surface (as shown in Figure 2); the perimeter of the sky surface does not refer to the outermost periphery of the entire sky surface, but refers to each need to be used as an independent steel mesh Around the arranged area; A small sky surface may only have a simple four perimeter, while a large sky surface may have many two-sided peripheral areas. For example, the main building and the large room are used as a peripheral area. The sky of the building is divided into many perimeter areas, and many steel heads need to be reserved on the edges and beams in the middle of the perimeter areas;

所述天面钢筋预应力网的悍扎法是遂一将天面钢筋网的每一条钢筋拉紧悍扎在周边对侧边的钢筋头上的一种具有预应拉力的布筋方法；具体方法是先将钢筋网的每一条钢筋的一端与任一周边对侧的对应钢筋头焊扎牢固，然后在钢筋条的另一端用紧线器与对应周边对侧的钢筋头拉紧，随即将钢筋条与钢筋头焊扎牢固，如此又进行下一条钢筋的拉紧焊扎，直至把天面钢筋网上的每一条钢筋都拉紧焊扎牢固为止，之后，再把网上的每个交点焊扎连结起来不致返松；为了增加天面钢筋预应力网的强度，可在网底的每对角上增加预应力钢筋条，成为有交叉斜筋的预应力钢筋网； The sturdy method of the prefabricated prestressed mesh of the sky is a method of prestressing a reinforcing bar by tightening each of the steel bars of the screed prefabricated mesh to the bar on the opposite side of the periphery; The method is to first weld one end of each reinforcing bar of the reinforcement mesh to the corresponding reinforcing bar head on the opposite side of any periphery, and then tighten the other end of the reinforcing bar with a wire tightener to the reinforcing head on the opposite side of the corresponding periphery. The steel bar and the steel bar are welded firmly, so that the next steel bar is tightened and welded until each bar on the sky steel mesh is tightly welded, and then each intersection on the network is welded. They are connected so as not to loosen. In order to increase the strength of the prestressed steel mesh on the surface, prestressed steel bars can be added to each diagonal of the bottom of the mesh to become a prestressed steel mesh with crossed diagonal ribs;

所述天面自固板无外加模板支撑的固定安装法是在天面预应力钢筋网上固定天面自固板的一种方法，其具体步骤是先从周边一块一块地装起，一排一排一圈一圈地向中心安装，并且使底饰面对平整；其具体方法是将天面自固板的饰面朝下，固联面向上地放置在预应力网底部的天面线位上，然后用短钢筋条将固联部位和预应力网连接焊扎牢固，如此遂块地将自固板从周边向中央固定安装，同时将两两相邻的自固板再用短钢筋条以最短距地联结焊扎起来，直至把整个天面安装固定完毕且饰面平整为止；所述天面铺筑法是安装固定牢固自固板后再铺筑一层混凝土的天面建筑方法；具体要求是每一周区的天面最好一次铺筑完毕，不要分次铺筑； The fixed installation method of the sky self-fixing plate without additional template support is a method of fixing the sky self-fixing plate on the pre-stressed steel mesh on the sky. The specific steps are to install the pieces from the periphery one by one, one by one. Install in circles around the center, and make the bottom surface flat; the specific method is to place the top surface of the self-fixing board of the sky facing downwards, and place the solid surface upward on the sky line at the bottom of the prestressed net. Then, use a short steel bar to connect and weld the solidification part and the prestressed mesh firmly. In this way, the self-fixing plate is fixedly installed from the periphery to the center. At the same time, two adjacent self-fixing plates are used with short steel bars. The shortest distance is connected and welded together until the entire sky surface is installed and fixed and the finish is flat; the sky surface paving method is a sky surface construction method in which a layer of concrete is installed after a fixed and self-fixing plate is installed and fixed; The specific requirement is that the surface of the area should be paved once per week, and not paved in stages;

所述硬模法是先将天面自固板饰面朝下、固联面向上地平铺在梁、墙顶的上面并放牢固和垫平整饰面，再在自固板上铺设焊扎天面钢筋网，最后再铺筑一层混凝土的一种天面铺筑法；其方法步骤包括布梁法、硬天面自固板的装置法、天面钢筋网的悍扎法、临时斜拉法、天面铺筑法、防边缝漏浆污染法；硬模法需要较大块的自固板，且需要较多的横梁； In the hard mold method, firstly, the self-fixing board with the sky surface facing down and the solid surface facing up is laid on the beam, the top of the wall, and the surface is fixed and flattened, and then the welding board is laid on the self-fixing board. A method of paving the surface with a reinforced mesh, and finally laying a layer of concrete. The method steps include a beam beam method, a method of installing a hard-surface self-fixing plate, a method of tying the reinforcing mesh of the sky, and temporary staying. Method, sky surface paving method, side seam leakage prevention pollution method; hard mold method requires a large self-fixing plate, and requires more beams;

所述布梁法是梁的位置间距要符合硬天面自固板的放置要求，使硬天面自固板刚好横跨在梁与梁之间或梁与墙之间，一般取梁与梁或梁与墙壁的中心间距为 2.1 米左右；这种方法的梁较多较密；所述硬天面自固板的装置法是将硬天面自固板饰面朝下、固联面向上地横跨在梁与墙上和梁与梁上，自固板的两端压在梁或墙上的位置为 5— 10厘米； The beam distribution method is that the positional spacing of the beams must meet the placement requirements of the hard-surface self-fixing plate, so that the hard-surface self-fixing plate just spans between the beam and the beam or between the beam and the wall. The distance between the center of the beam and the wall is about 2.1 meters; this method has more and more dense beams; The hard sky self-fixing plate device method is to place the hard sky self-fixing plate with the decorative surface facing downward and the solid-linking face upward across the beam and the wall and the beam and the beam. Beam or wall position is 5-10 cm;

所述天面钢筋网的悍扎法是在排放好硬天面自固板后，再在自固板上焊扎一层钢筋网；钢筋网的排布和悍扎方法与通常的外模式的钢筋网的排布与扎制方法一样；也可以用紧线器将每根钢筋拉紧并悍或扎牢固，成为具有预应力的天面钢筋网，增加天面的强度； The toughening method of the sky surface reinforced mesh is after a hard sky surface self-fixing plate is discharged, and then a layer of steel mesh is welded on the self-fixation plate; The arrangement of the reinforcing mesh is the same as the method of binding. It is also possible to use a wire tensioner to tighten and tighten each reinforcing bar to become a pre-stressed sky steel mesh to increase the strength of the sky.

本发明的原理是： 1、用混凝土或各种建材和饰材预制一种能永远固定在建筑体上具有模板和装饰与固筑作用的自固板，从而能取消临时框架模板支撑和砖块； 2、利用在饰材上加铺混凝土制成模饰一体的自固板或混凝土自固板本身设有饰面或用饰材直接做自固板，从而省却批灰、贴饰等硬装修工序； 3、利用内部的钢筋来支承和固定自固板，发挥钢筋的支撑作用和拉承作用，从而无需临时支撑和框架来固模，实现自固和蚕进式与自预应力式建筑。 The principle of the present invention is: 1. Precast a self-retaining board with formwork and decoration and fixing functions that can be permanently fixed on the building body with concrete or various building materials and decorative materials, thereby eliminating the temporary frame formwork support and bricks. ; 2. The use of overlaying concrete on the decorative material to form a self-fixing board with integrated molding or the concrete self-fixing board itself has a facing or use the decorative material to make the self-fixing board directly, thereby eliminating the need for hard decoration such as ash and decals. Procedures; 3. The internal steel bars are used to support and fix the self-retaining plate, and play the role of support and tension of the steel bars, thereby eliminating the need for temporary supports and frames to fix the mold, and achieving self-fixing and silkworm-type and self-prestressing buildings.

本发明的代表性实施例有 3种 4大类，分别是：第 1种，永模预饰自固板；第 2 种，制造永模预饰自固板的方法及其模具；第 3种，永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑方法，包括： 3.1、楼房建筑类； 3.2、桥梁建筑类； 3.3、隧道浇筑类； 3.4、茶几桌椅制作类。下面各举一例描述之。 The representative embodiments of the present invention have three types and four categories, which are: the first type, the permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing plate; the second type, the method for manufacturing the permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixed plate, and the mold; the third type , Yongmo pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction methods, including: 3.1, building construction; 3.2, bridge construction; 3.3, tunnel pouring; 3.4, coffee table tables and chairs production. Each is described below with an example.

1、永模预饰自固板。本实施例的自固板是许多自固板中的一种复合自固板，并且是许多复合自固板中的一种。如附图 1A- D所示。其特征是该自固板由板体 1和自固装置 2构成。板体由瓷砖或釉面砖 3与钢筋 4和混凝土 5复合制成，板体的一面 6为正面或装饰面，是瓷砖的瓷面或釉面砖的釉面。根据需要，板体的全部边面或部分边面 7也可为瓷面或釉面；板体的另一面 8为背面或固联面，其表面为粗糙的混凝土面或印有粘紋的粗糙面。固联面上装置有 4个或 6个固联装置 2，这些固联装置或是伸出于板体外的钢筋条 2a，或是有一小段平露于板体平面内的钢筋条 2bl , 或是有一小段拱露于板体平面内的钢筋条 2b2，以及沉露于板体平面内的螺母 2c，或是伸出体板外的螺丝 2d，或是一小面印有糙纹的小平面。为了便于焊接，钢筋条 2bl的平露部分处可设有凹坑。 1. Yongmo pre-decorated self-fixing plate. The self-fixing plate of this embodiment is a composite self-fixing plate among many self-fixing plates, and is one of many composite self-fixing plates. As shown in Figures 1A-D. It is characterized in that the self-fixing plate is composed of a plate body 1 and a self-fixing device 2. The plate body is made of ceramic tile or glazed tile 3, steel bar 4 and concrete 5, and one side 6 of the plate body is the front or decorative surface, which is the glazed surface of the ceramic or glazed tile of the tile. According to requirements, all or part of the side surface 7 of the board can also be porcelain or glazed; the other side 8 of the board can be the back or fixed surface, and its surface is a rough concrete surface or a rough surface with sticky marks printed on it. surface. There are 4 or 6 fixing devices 2 on the fixing surface. These fixing devices are either reinforcing bars 2a protruding from the outside of the board, or a small section of reinforcing bars 2bl exposed flat in the plane of the board, or There is a small section of reinforcing bars 2b2 arched in the plane of the board, and a nut 2c sunk in the plane of the board, or a screw 2d protruding out of the board, or a facet with a rough surface printed on the face. In order to facilitate welding, the flat exposed portion of the reinforcing bar 2bl may be provided with a pit.

为了增强固联装置的强度，固联装置在板体内的部分要与板体内的钢筋相连。 In order to increase the strength of the fixing device, the part of the fixing device in the board body must be connected with the reinforcing steel in the board body.

2、制造永模预饰自固板的方法及其模具。本实施例的自固板的制造方法及其模具是多种自固板的制造方法及其模具中的一种，即为贴饰混凝土法及其模具。其特征是： 1.在制作自固板的模具里，在需要装饰的面及边上预先反面放置装饰材料，如磁砖、瓷片、马赛克、玻璃板、大理石板、塑胶板等； 2.在模具里放好板体钢筋和固联装置，如钢筋条、螺丝等； 3.浇上混凝土并掺实抹平，同时注意使固联部位处的固联装置如钢筋条、螺丝等清洁裸露出来； 4.待混凝土收浆后即可拆模，不需等到完全干固硬化后才拆模。若自固板的板面是平面的，则其模具只是一种简单的可拆的活动的边模而不需要面模，可以方便地在平地上或平台上或在同规格的自固板面上层叠施工。边模可用角钢、木条、铁板等配上活动的夹具、转页、插销等制成；若自固板的板面不是平面的，则还要增加面模。本法具有模具简单，装饰效果好，可就地简便施工的优点。 2. Method for manufacturing permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing plate and its mold. The manufacturing method of the self-fixing plate and the mold thereof in this embodiment are one of a variety of manufacturing methods of the self-fixing plate and the mold thereof, that is, the method of attaching concrete and the mold thereof. Its characteristics are: 1. In the mold for making self-fixing board, place decorative materials, such as tiles, porcelain pieces, mosaics, glass plates, marble plates, plastic plates, etc. in advance on the side and side that need to be decorated; 2. Put the plate reinforcement and fixing devices in the mold, such as steel bars, screws, etc. 3. Pour the concrete and mix and smooth them. At the same time, pay attention to keep the fixing devices such as steel bars and screws at the fixed parts clean and exposed. Come out; 4. The mold can be dismantled after the concrete is collected, and there is no need to wait until the mold is completely dry and hardened. If the surface of the self-fixing plate is flat, its mold is only a simple removable side mold without the need for a surface mold, which can be conveniently on flat ground or on a platform or on a self-fixing plate of the same specification. Laminated construction. The side molds can be made of angle steel, wooden strips, iron plates, etc. with movable fixtures, page turning, latches, etc .; if the plate surface of the self-fixing plate is not flat, a surface mold must be added. This method has the advantages of simple mold, good decorative effect, and simple and convenient construction.

3、永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑方法。 3, Yongmo pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction method.

楼房建筑例：在用传统的方法将地基起好后，就可用本建筑法中的砌墙法 (如附图 2所示)和筑柱法 (如附图 3所示)起正墙和支柱以及门框和窗框、楼梯等。当墙和柱起到够一层的高度时，就可用本建筑法中的架梁法和封顶法、临时斜拉法 (如附图 4、 5 所示)等建筑横梁和天面。如此这般一层楼又一层楼地往上建。 Example of building construction: After the foundation is established by the traditional method, the wall and pillar method (as shown in FIG. 2) and the pillar method (as shown in FIG. 3) of this building method can be used to raise the main wall and pillars. As well as door and window frames, stairs, etc. When the walls and columns reach a sufficient height, the beams and roofing methods, temporary cable-stayed methods (as shown in Figures 4 and 5) of this building method can be used. So one floor after another.

用本建筑法建造的楼房，如果自固板的饰面是陶瓷的，则整栋楼房的里里外外将是瓷质般洁美明丽的硬质漂亮的新型楼房，而其成本却只是用传统方法建筑的同等质美的一半。如果自固板的饰面是浮雕式的，则会富有艺术和高雅与堂皇的效果；如果将墙体自固板和天面自固板、柱体自固板等等自固板制定统一的标准，统一的规格，使之具有良好的配合和方便的安装，适于预先在工厂进行工业化、商品化、标准化大生产，则建筑速度和时间将更快更短，质量会更高，而成本却更低。桥梁建筑例：桥墩其实就是一种大支柱，因此在用传统的方法打好桥墩的基础后，就可用本建筑法中的筑柱法如附图 3 建造桥墩，即要先焊牢桥墩的钢筋，使之具有一定的强度和支承力，然后在桥墩钢筋上焊贴桥墩自固板，之后浇灌掺实混凝土，如此一圈又一圈一层又一层地往上建筑，直至建筑到要求的高度为止。桥墩自固板可以是本法中的裸体或光饰自固板，也可以是漂亮一点的贴饰或混合自固板。建好桥墩后就可用本法中的架梁法、封顶法、蚕进法、临时斜拉法、预应力法等等方法建筑跨梁和桥面，如附图 6 所示。这样，即使没有大型机械和特殊机械也能蚕进地建造大跨度的桥梁。隧道浇筑例：在挖掘隧道时使用本建筑法，可以一边挖进一边焊装拱形钢筋和自固板，做到一边挖掘一边焊装一边浇筑一边硬化地施工，如附图 7 所示。由于挖掘与支固浇筑硬化等是接续地进行，因此能较好地避免塌方、渗漏等现象，克服传统的外装模浇筑方法，需用大量的支撑框架，在装拆模和浇筑与硬化的整个过程中，严重影响挖掘施工，从而能极大地加快施工进度和质量而又显著地降低成本。茶几桌椅制作例：使用本法制作茶几和桌子不但非常简单，而且十分坚固、漂亮、耐磨、耐温、耐久和成本低廉，运输方便。一般地，制作茶几桌子等家具宜采用本法中的混合法和螺丝式固联法，如附图 8 所示。是在大小如桌面的陶瓷板（整块或多块排列）或玻璃板、石板等饰面板上的反面先放置合适的钢筋，在钢筋的适当位置上焊接有用于固联台脚的螺丝或螺母，然后铺上一层混凝土作为茶几桌子的台面板，并注意不要弄脏板体内的螺母或露出板体外的固联螺丝。台脚是先用瓷管、玻璃管、不锈钢管等空管中间放置一根钢筋，钢筋的一头焊有螺母或螺丝，然后在空管里灌满混凝土并注意不要填塞和弄污螺母或螺丝。安装时，只要将制好的台脚扭紧固定在台板的螺丝或螺母上即可。 For a building built with this method, if the self-reinforced slab is ceramic, the inside and outside of the entire building will be a new, hard and beautiful building that is as clean and beautiful as porcelain, but its cost is only Half the beauty of traditional methods of construction. If the decorative surface of the self-fixing plate is embossed, it will be full of art, elegance and grandeur; if the wall self-fixing plate, the sky self-fixing plate, the column self-fixing plate, etc. Standards and uniform specifications make them have good coordination and convenient installation. They are suitable for industrialization, commercialization, and standardized large-scale production in the factory. The construction speed and time will be faster and shorter, the quality will be higher, and the cost will be higher. But lower. Example of bridge construction: The pier is actually a large pillar, so after the foundation of the pier is laid in the traditional method, the pillar method in this building method can be used to build the pier, as shown in Figure 3, that is, the steel bars of the pier must be welded first. To make it have a certain strength and supporting force, Then pier self-reinforced slabs are welded on the pier steel bars, and then mixed with concrete, so that the building is built up layer by layer until the building reaches the required height. The bridge pier self-fixing plate may be a naked or light self-fixing plate in this method, or it may be a more beautiful sticker or hybrid self-fixing plate. After the bridge piers are built, span beams and bridge decks in this method can be used to build the beams, the roofing method, the silkworm method, the temporary cable staying method, the prestress method, etc., as shown in Figure 6. In this way, long-span bridges can be built without the use of large machinery and special machinery. Tunnel pouring example: When using this construction method when digging a tunnel, arched steel bars and self-retaining slabs can be welded while digging, so that hardening can be performed while welding and pouring while digging, as shown in Figure 7. Since excavation and support pouring and hardening are carried out in succession, it can better avoid landslides and leakage, and overcome the traditional exterior mold casting method, which requires a large number of supporting frames. In the whole process, the excavation construction is seriously affected, which can greatly speed up the construction progress and quality while significantly reducing costs. Example of making coffee table tables and chairs: Using this method to make coffee tables and tables is not only very simple, but also very sturdy, beautiful, wear-resistant, temperature-resistant, durable and low-cost, and easy to transport. In general, for making furniture such as a coffee table or the like, the mixing method and the screw-type fastening method in this method should be adopted, as shown in FIG. 8. It is to place suitable steel bars on the reverse side of the ceramic plate (the whole or multiple pieces are arranged) such as a table top or glass plate, slate, etc., and screws or nuts for fixing the feet are welded to the appropriate position of the steel bar. Then, spread a layer of concrete as the countertop of the coffee table table, and be careful not to soil the nuts inside the board or the screws that are exposed outside the board. For the table leg, a steel bar is placed in the middle of an empty tube such as a porcelain tube, a glass tube, or a stainless steel tube. One end of the steel bar is welded with nuts or screws, and then the empty tube is filled with concrete, taking care not to fill or stain the nuts or screws. When installing, just tighten the prepared table feet to the screws or nuts of the table.

Claims

权利要求 Rights request

1、一种永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，无需临时支撑、搭架、模板和砖块等材料；无需批灰贴饰等工序；易于工业化标准化商品化大生产；无大机械也能建筑高、大跨度的建筑物；质优价廉美观耐久；其特征是永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术由自固板和永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑方法构成，其一是利用建筑物体本身的材料（如混凝土和饰材及矿渣与粉煤灰等）制造一种能永远固定在建筑物上的自固板，取代临时模板和砖块；其二是在自固板上预置饰面，以省却批灰、贴饰等硬装修工序；三是利用自体钢筋和临时斜拉筋来支承和固定自固板及梁体，从而省却支撑。 1. A rapid construction technology for permanent mold pre-decoration and self-fixing silkworm, without the need for temporary support, scaffolding, formwork, bricks and other materials; without the need for procedures such as batching of gray stickers; easy industrialization and standardized commercial production; no large machinery also Can build high and large span buildings; High quality, low price, beautiful and durable; It is characterized by permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction technology consists of self-fixing plate and permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction method, which The first is to use the materials of the building itself (such as concrete and decorative materials, slag and fly ash, etc.) to create a self-fixing board that can be permanently fixed to the building, instead of temporary templates and bricks; the second is to self-fix Pre-decorated finishes on the board to avoid hard decoration procedures such as graying and decals. Third, self-reinforcing steel bars and temporary stays are used to support and fix self-retaining plates and beams, thereby eliminating support.

2、根据权利要求 1所述的永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，其特征是：所述自固板是一种用建筑材料本身制作的板体，是建筑物的一部分，具有模板和装饰的双重功能，是一种永远固定在建筑体上的永不脱模的模板和装饰板，由板体和自固装置组成；所述板体本身是用建筑物体的材料本身预制而成，如钢筋混凝土、各种饰材等，装模后即成为建筑物的一部分；板体其中的一面为固联面即反面（或称背面或内面），设有用于装模时固定板体的自固装置；所述板体的另一面包括边面为装饰面即正面（或称饰面或外面），所述装饰面又分为复合饰面和裸体饰面等饰面形式。 2. The permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self-fixing board is a board body made of building material itself, is a part of a building, and has a formwork The dual function of decoration and decoration is a formwork and decorative plate that is never demoulded and is always fixed on the building body, which is composed of a plate body and a self-fixing device; the plate body itself is prefabricated with the building material itself , Such as reinforced concrete, various decorative materials, etc., will become a part of the building after the mold is installed; one side of the board body is the fixed side or the reverse side (also called the back or inner side). Self-fixing device; the other side of the plate body includes a decorative surface, that is, a front surface (or a decorative surface or an outer surface), and the decorative surface is further divided into a decorative surface such as a composite surface and a nude surface.

3、根据权利要求 2所述的永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，其特征是：所述板体按材料分有粘料板体，如混凝土板体，矿渣或粉煤灰板体等，和在各种饰材上加铺混凝土的复合板体，以及用各种饰材本身制成的单料板体，如陶瓷板体、天然或人造石材板体、玻璃板体、木材板体、塑胶板体等各种不同材质的板体 ·，按用途分有墙壁自固板，窗框、门框及门扇自固板，柱、梁自固板，天面自固板，台、椅自固板，堤坝自固板等各种用途的自固板。 3. The rapid construction technology for pre-decorating self-fixing silkworm into permanent mold according to claim 2, characterized in that: the board is divided into sticky boards according to materials, such as concrete boards, slag or fly ash boards. Etc., and composite panels with concrete on various decorative materials, as well as single-material panels made of various decorative materials themselves, such as ceramic panels, natural or artificial stone panels, glass panels, wood panels Body, plastic board, and other boards made of different materials. According to the purpose, there are wall self-fixing boards, window frames, door frames and door leaf self-fixing boards, columns, beam self-fixing boards, sky self-fixing boards, tables and chairs. Self-fixing boards for various purposes such as self-fixing boards and dam self-fixing boards.

4、根据权利要求 3所述的永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，其特征是：所述粘料板体是由粘料加填料制成的一种自固板体，如混凝土、矿渣或粉煤灰等； 4. The rapid construction technology for pre-decorating self-fixing silkworm into permanent mold according to claim 3, characterized in that the sticky board body is a self-fixing board body made of sticky material and filler, such as concrete, Slag or fly ash;

所述混凝土板体是由混凝土、钢筋等浇筑而成的混凝土板体； The concrete slab body is a concrete slab body poured from concrete, steel, or the like;

所述矿渣或粉煤灰板体是用矿渣或粉煤灰为填料压制而成的一种板体；所述复合自固板是在陶瓷板体、玻璃板体、天然及人造石板体等板体上再铺筑一层钢筋混凝土的一种高强度复合一体的复合自固板体；该自固板是一种适合于先在工厂标准化商品化大生产出薄体单料自固板体，以方便运输和搬运到施工场地，再在施工现场用加铺钢筋混凝土来加厚加强到符合使用要求的一种复合体自固板； The slag or fly ash board body is a board body pressed by using slag or fly ash as a filler; The composite self-fixing plate is a kind of high-strength composite integrated self-fixing plate which is laid with a layer of reinforced concrete on the ceramic plate, glass plate, natural and artificial stone plate and other plates; the self-fixing plate It is suitable for the standardized commercialization of large-scale production of thin-body single-material self-fixing panels in the factory, which is convenient for transportation and handling to the construction site, and then reinforced with reinforced concrete at the construction site to meet the requirements of use. A composite self-fixing plate;

所述陶瓷板体是用陶瓷材料制成的一种自固板体； The ceramic plate body is a self-fixing plate body made of a ceramic material;

所述天然或人造石板板体是用天然石材或人工仿制的石材制成的一种自固板体； The natural or artificial slate board is a self-fixing board made of natural stone or artificial imitation stone;

所述玻璃板体是用玻璃材料制成的一种自固板体； · 所述木材板体是用木质材料制成的一种自固板体； The glass plate body is a self-fixing plate body made of glass material; the wood plate body is a self-fixing plate body made of wood material;

所述塑胶板体是用塑胶材料制成的一种自固板体； The plastic plate body is a self-fixing plate body made of a plastic material;

所述墙壁自固板是一种规格较小和钢筋较少的自固板，一般取长 = 60— 90，宽 = 30— 50，厚约 3— 4 ( cm ) ; The wall self-fixing plate is a self-fixing plate with a small size and a small amount of reinforcing steel. Generally, the length is 60-90, the width is 30-50, and the thickness is about 3-4 (cm).

所述窗框、门框及门扇自固板是用于门、窗部分的自固板，其规格大小和形状及饰面须根据门框、窗框、门扇等来确定；所述柱、梁自固板是柱、梁部分用的自固板，其具体规格大小和形状及饰面须根据柱、梁的具体形状与规格来预制； The window frame, door frame and door leaf self-fixing plate are self-fixing plates for doors and window parts, and the size, shape and finish of the window frame, door frame and door leaf must be determined according to the door frame, window frame, door leaf, etc .; the pillars and beams are self-fixing; The board is a self-fixing board for columns and beams, and its specific specifications and shapes and finishes must be prefabricated according to the specific shapes and specifications of the columns and beams;

所述天面自固板是用于建筑楼板、桥板等的自固板，其规格根据封顶法的具体方法而定，预应力法的自固板则较小，一般取长 = 50— 90，宽 = 30— 60，厚约 3— 4 ( cm) ; 硬模法的自固板则较大和钢筋较密，固联点也较多，一般取长 = 150— 250，宽 = 30 — 60，厚约 3— 4 ( cm) ; The sky surface self-fixing plate is a self-fixing plate used for building floors, bridges and the like, and its specifications are determined according to the specific method of the capping method. The self-fixing plate of the prestress method is smaller, and the length is generally 50 = 90. , Width = 30—60, thickness is about 3—4 (cm); the self-fixing plate of the hard mold method is larger and the steel bars are denser, and there are more fastening points. Generally, the length is 150—250, and the width is 30—60. , About 3-4 (cm) thick;

所述台、椅自固板是用于制作台卓、椅子专用的自固板，其规格大小和形状花色品种等根据台、椅的要求而定，其固联形式多用螺丝式或一体式；螺丝式是台、椅的脚与主体是用螺丝固定的；一体式是指台、椅的脚与板面一体浇筑而成，为不可拆卸式；所述堤坝自固板是一种较厚较粗的自固板； The table and chair self-fixing plate is used for making table and chair self-fixing plates, and its specifications, sizes, shapes, patterns, etc. are determined according to the requirements of the table and chair, and the fixed connection form is mostly screw type or integral type; The screw type is that the feet of the table and chair are fixed with screws. The integrated type refers to the fact that the feet of the table and chair are cast with the surface of the board as a whole, and it is not removable. Thick self-fixing plate

5、根据权利要求 2所述的永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，其特征是：所述自固装置是一种设置在板体上的，在安装自固板时，用于固定自固板的一种装置，其结构类别、设置形式和固定方法包括：其中，结构类别是指自固装置的结构方式，有枝条式 (如钢筋条）、螺丝式、孔眼式、钩头式、嵌合式、粘胶式等多种固联结构方式；设置形式是指自固装置在板体上的放置形式，有 2 种，分别是凸露式和平露式；固定方法是指通过自固装置固定板体的方法，有悍接法、绑扎法、螺丝法、胶粘法、 '嵌合法等多种固定方法。 5. The permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: the self-fixing device is a type provided on a plate body and used for fixing when the self-fixing plate is installed. A device of a self-fixing plate includes a structure type, an installation form, and a fixing method. Among them, the structure type refers to a structure mode of a self-fixing device, and has a branch type (such as a reinforcing bar), a screw type, an eyelet type, and a hook head type. There are many kinds of fixed connection structure methods such as, mosaic, adhesive, etc .; the setting form refers to the placement form of the self-fixing device on the board, there are two types, which are convex type and flat dew type; the fixing method refers to self-fixing There are various fixing methods of the device for fixing the plate body, such as a strong connection method, a binding method, a screw method, an adhesive method, and a 'fitting method'.

6、根据权利要求 5所述的永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，其特征是- 所述枝条式自固装置是枝条（如钢筋条）的一端有弯钩或弯折地埋入板体内或勾结或焊接在板体内的钢筋上，另一端则裸露于板体外（凸露式），在装模时，利用勾扎或焊接裸露于板体外的枝条来固定自固板的一种固定装置；或是枝条（如钢筋条）的两端都有弯钩或弯折地埋入板体内或勾结或焊接在板体内的钢筋上，枝条的中端则裸露于板体的平面内（平露式），在装模时，则另外使用枝条来勾扎或焊接平露或称埋露、沉露于板体内的枝条来固定自固板的一种固定装置； 6. The permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction technology according to claim 5, characterized in that-the branch-type self-fixing device is a branch (such as a steel bar) at one end of which has a hook or is buried in a bent state. The inside of the board is either collusioned or welded on the steel bar inside the board, and the other end is exposed outside the board (exposed type). When the mold is installed, the sticks that are exposed outside the board are hooked or welded to fix the self-fixing board. Fixing devices; or both ends of the branches (such as steel bars) have hooks or are buried in the board or bent or welded to the steel bars in the board, and the middle ends of the branches are exposed in the plane of the board ( (Flat dew type), when mounting the mold, a branch is used to hook or weld flat dew or branches that are buried and sunk in the board to fix the self-fixing plate;

所述螺丝式自固装置是螺丝的一端埋入板体内或焊接在板体内的钢筋上，另一端则裸露于板体外，在装模时，利用与板体上的螺丝配套的装置（如螺母、接头等）来固定自固板的一种固定装置. In the screw-type self-fixing device, one end of a screw is buried in a plate body or welded to a steel bar in the plate body, and the other end is exposed outside the plate body. When mounting a mold, a device (such as a nut) that is matched with a screw on the plate body is used. , Joints, etc.) to fix a self-fixing plate.

述孔眼式自固装置是板体内设有孔眼，在装模时，利用与板体上的孔眼配套的装置（如栓棒、膨胀柱等）来固定自固板的一种固定装置； The perforation type self-fixing device is a fixing device for fixing a self-fixing plate by using a device (such as a bolt, an expansion column, etc.) that is matched with the perforations on the plate body when the mold is installed;

所述粘胶式自固装置是板体上设有胶粘部位，在装模时，利用与板体上的胶粘部位配套的装置（如枝条、棒条等）来粘连胶接或热熔胶接固定自固板的一种固定装置； The viscous self-fixing device is provided with an adhesive part on the board body. When the mold is installed, a device (such as a branch, a stick, etc.) that is matched with the adhesive part on the board body is used to adhere or glue. A fixing device for adhesively fixing a self-fixing plate;

所述凸露式是指自固装置的固联部位凸出板体外面；如埋置的钢筋条或锣栓有一端凸露出板体外作为固联部分；或埋设的钢筋有作为固联用的环耳状钢筋部分凸露出板体面；或板体本身有嵌合凸出等等. The protruding type means that the fixing part of the self-fixing device protrudes from the outside of the board body; for example, an embedded steel bar or a gong bolt has one end protruding from the outside of the board as a fixing part; or the buried steel bar is used for fixing The ring-ear-shaped reinforcement part protrudes from the surface of the board; or the board itself has a fitting protrusion and so on.

口所述平露'式是指自固装置的固联部位不凸露出板体外，只裸露于板体的平面内；如埋置的钢筋条的固联部位裸露在不高于板体的平面，或埋置的螺母沉没在板体的平面内；另外，为了方便联接，在固联部位的板体上还设有凹坑； The “flat dew” type means that the fixing part of the self-fixing device does not protrude outside the board, and is only exposed in the plane of the board; for example, the fixing part of the embedded steel bar is exposed on a plane not higher than the board Or the buried nut is sunk in the plane of the plate body; in addition, in order to facilitate the connection, a pit is also provided on the plate body at the fixed connection portion;

所述的悍接法是在装模时，用电悍或熔胶悍等焊接方法将自固板进行固定的一种固定方法； The method is a fixing method for fixing the self-fixing plate by a welding method such as electric welding or melt glue welding during mold mounting;

所述绑扎法是在装模时，用铁丝或线绳等绑扎方法将自固板进行绑扎固定的一种固定方法；所述螺丝法是用螺丝进行联接固定自固板的一种固定方法；所述胶粘法是在固联处涂敷或熔悍粘胶来固定自固板的一种固定方法； The tying method is a fixing method for tying and fixing the self-fixing plate with a tying method such as iron wire or wire rope when the mold is installed; The screw method is a method of fixing and fixing the self-fixing plate by using screws; the gluing method is a method of fixing or fixing the self-fixation plate by applying or melting adhesive on the fixed connection;

所述嵌合法是将固联部位做成嵌合形活接（如燕尾）来固定自固板的一种固定方法； The fitting method is a fixing method in which a fixed connection part is made into a fitting-shaped joint (such as a dovetail) to fix a self-fixing plate;

所述裸体饰面是装饰面上自体预制一些纹路、涂料、甚至只有简单的平面或本色等； The nude finish is a prefabricated texture, paint, or even a simple flat or natural color on the decorative surface;

7、根据权利要求 1所述的永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，其特征是： 7. The rapid construction technology of permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm according to claim 1, wherein:

所述永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑方法包括适宜建筑墙壁的砌墙法、适宜建筑支柱和桥墩的筑柱法、适宜于建筑横梁和跨拱的架梁法、适宜于铺筑横板、天面和桥板等的封顶法； The permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm rapid construction method includes a wall-building method suitable for building walls, a column-building method suitable for building pillars and bridge piers, a girder method suitable for building beams and span arches, and a method suitable for paving horizontal boards. Roofing methods

所述的砌墙法是一种先将墙壁自固板自我固定连接起来，再用混凝土浇筑粘结加强牢固的一种不用砖块和再行批灰、粉饰或贴饰等硬装修的砌筑与装修合一的一步到位的墙壁砌筑法；其步骤包括墙壁自固板的放置法、墙壁自固板的自我固定安装法、墙体浇筑法、防边缝漏浆污染法； The wall-building method is a kind of masonry that first fixes and connects the self-fixing walls of the wall and then strengthens it with concrete pouring and bonding, and does not require bricks and then hard-decoration such as ash, whitewashing, or decals. One-step wall masonry method integrated with decoration; its steps include the method of placing the wall self-fixing board, the method of self-fixing installation of the wall self-fixing board, the method of pouring the wall, and the method of preventing the leakage of the side joints by pollution;

所述筑柱法是在能起柱的基础上，先焊或扎牢固柱体自身的钢筋，然后以柱体钢筋为内支撑体地在柱体钢筋上安装固定好柱体自固板，最后再浇筑混凝土的一种不需外模板和外支撑以及批灰贴饰装修的模、饰、固、筑合一的一步到位的柱体建筑法；其步骤包括柱体钢筋的结构装置法、柱体自固板的自我固定安装法、柱体浇筑法、蚕进法、防边缝漏浆污染法；若柱和墙是混合结构，则柱和墙要同时施工； The column building method is based on being able to lift the column, first welding or tying the steel bars of the column itself, and then using the column steel bar as an internal support to install and fix the column self-fixing plate on the column steel bar, and finally A one-step column construction method that does not require external formwork and external support, as well as mold, decoration, solidification, and construction of batches of gray plaster decoration; the steps include the structural device method of column steel bars and columns Self-fixing installation method of concrete self-fixing plate, column casting method, silkworm ingress method, anti-slurry pollution prevention method of side seam; if the column and wall are mixed structure, the column and wall must be constructed at the same time;

所述的架梁法是先在梁***置上安装和焊接牢固梁体钢筋，然后在梁体钢筋上用钢筋条安装固定悍牢梁体自固板，最后再浇筑混凝土的一种不需外模板和外支撑及批灰贴饰装修的模、饰、固、筑合一的一步到位的梁体建筑法，具有自预应力的优点，能充分发挥钢筋的作用；其步骤包括梁体钢筋的结构安装法、梁体自固板的自我固定安装法、梁体浇筑法、防边缝漏浆污染法；架梁法的具体施工方法又包括一次完成法、蚕进法、临时斜拉法；所述封顶法是不用外模板和外支撑以及批灰抹底的一种模、饰、固、筑合一的一步到位的天面铺筑法；包括预应力法和硬模法二种实现方法； ' In the beam girder method, firstly, the beam body reinforcement is installed and welded on the beam body position, and then the beam body reinforcement is fixed by using a reinforcing bar, and finally the concrete is poured without external The one-step beam construction method in which the formwork, the outer support and the batch of gray plaster decoration molds, decoration, solidification, and construction are integrated has the advantages of self-stressing and can fully play the role of steel bars. The steps include the reinforcement of the steel bars. Structural installation method, self-fixing installation method of beam body self-fixing plate, beam body pouring method, side seam leakage prevention pollution method; the concrete construction method of the beam frame method includes a one-time completion method, silkworm penetration method, and temporary cable-staying method; The capping method is a one-step sky paving method that does not require an external formwork and external support and batch plastering, and includes one step: a pre-stress method and a hard mold method. ; '

所述墙壁自固板的放置法是在起正墙的基础上，按墙体的宽度在墙体的两边线内，装饰面（正面）向外、固联面（背面或称反面）向内地对立放置好墙壁自固板，其中，两上下相邻的自固板和两对面的自固板可以是正对式，也可以是错开一半式等等方式放置； The method of placing the wall self-fixing board is based on the wall of the main wall, according to the width of the wall within the two sides of the wall, the decorative surface (front) outwards, the fixed surface (back or (Reverse side) The wall self-fixing plates are placed opposite to each other inward. Among them, the two adjacent self-fixing plates and the two opposite self-fixing plates can be placed in opposite directions, or can be staggered by half, etc .;

8、根据权利要求 7所述的永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，其特征是： 8. The rapid construction technology of permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm according to claim 7, characterized in that:

所述墙壁自固板的放置法是在起正墙的基础上，按墙体的宽度在墙体的两边线内，装饰面（正面）向外、固联面（背面或称反面）向内地对立放置好墙壁自固板，其中，两上下相邻的自固板和两对面的自固板可以是正对式，也可以是错开一半式等等方式放置； The method of placing the wall self-retaining board is based on the front wall, according to the width of the wall, on both sides of the wall, with the decorative surface (front) outward, and the fixed surface (back or reverse) facing inward. The wall self-fixing plates are placed opposite to each other. Among them, the two self-fixing plates adjacent to each other and the two opposite self-fixing plates can be placed in a front-to-front or half-offset mode.

所述墙壁自固板的自我固定安装法是将对立面的自固板和两两相邻的自固板在内面（固联面）用枝条初步连接固定起来，使之具有一定的稳定强度，能够经受浇灌捣筑混凝土的压力和振动而不会出现变形移位等现象的一种方法，包括枝条、枝条放置法和枝条及其与自固板固联处的连接法； The self-fixing installation method of the wall self-fixing plate is to connect the self-fixing plates on the opposite side and the two adjacent self-fixing plates on the inner surface (fixed connection surface) with branches to make them have a certain stable strength. A method that can withstand the pressure and vibration of pouring concrete without deformation and displacement, including branches, branch placement method and the method of connecting the branches and the self-fixing plate;

所述墙体浇筑法是当墙壁自固板自我固定好一层或几层后即填充浇注混凝土的一种方法；若墙体没有砌完还需要继续砌筑，则不要浇填满，最上一层要留出三分之一，使该层自固板的上部固联部位露出来，以免影响后续自固板的自固与安装；在填充浇灌混凝土中可适当填充角石或泡沫等填料，以降低墙体的成本或重量和提高墙壁的隔音隔热等性能； The wall pouring method is a method of filling and pouring concrete after the wall self-fixing plate has been fixed one or more layers; if the wall is not finished and needs to be continued to be built, do not fill it up. One third of the layer should be left so that the upper part of the self-fixing plate of this layer is exposed, so as not to affect the self-fixing and installation of the subsequent self-fixing plate; fillers such as corner stones or foam can be appropriately filled in the filling and pouring concrete to Reduce the cost or weight of the wall and improve the sound insulation performance of the wall;

所述防边缝漏浆污染法是为了防止水泥浆从自固板的边缝掺漏出来污染饰面的一种方法，包括胶粘法、灰浆法、胶条法、胶纸法； The anti-leakage pollution prevention method for side seams is a method for preventing cement paste from leaking from the side seams of self-fixing boards to contaminate the finish, and includes a gluing method, a mortar method, a glue strip method, and a paper method;

所述胶粘法是在自固安装好自固板之后、浇灌混凝土之前，用胶将边缝粘闭或整个饰面贴住，使水泥浆无法从边缝里流出到外面来的一种方法。胶可以是热熔胶、不干胶，也可以是水溶胶，以方便施工后能很容易地刷去； The gluing method is a method in which the side seams are closed or glued together with glue after self-fixing boards are installed and before concrete is poured, so that the cement slurry cannot flow out of the side seams to the outside. . The glue can be hot-melt, self-adhesive, or hydrosol, so that it can be easily removed after construction.

所述灰浆法是在安装自固板的同时用灰浆将边缝粘闭，使水泥浆无法从边缝里流出到外面来的一种方法。灰浆可以是水泥桨、石灰浆等建筑灰浆； The mortar method is a method in which the side seams are closed with mortar while the self-fixing plate is installed, so that the slurry cannot flow out of the side seams to the outside. Mortar can be cement mortar, lime mortar, etc.

所述胶条法是在安装自固板的同时用胶条嵌没于边缝内，使水泥浆无法从边缝里流出到外面来的一种方法； The rubber strip method is a method of embedding a self-fixing board in a side seam while installing a self-fixing board, so that the cement slurry cannot flow out of the side seam to the outside;

所述胶纸法是在自固安装好自固板之后、浇灌混凝土之前，用胶纸将边缝粘闭或整个饰面贴住，使水泥浆无法从边缝里流出到外面来的一种方法；所述柱体钢筋的结构装置法是柱体钢筋的结构，其主钢筋不但要有通常的弯成圈式正交（横向）的钢筋条焊或扎牢固，而且还焊或扎有斜交式（斜向）的钢筋条进一步增加强度，使之能支承安装固定上去的自固板及浇灌捣筑混凝土； The adhesive tape method is a method in which after the self-fixing board is installed and before the concrete is poured, the edge seam is closed or the entire surface is stuck, so that the cement slurry cannot flow out of the edge seam to the outside. method; The structural device method of the column reinforcement is a structure of a column reinforcement, and the main reinforcement must not only be welded or tied firmly by the usual bent orthogonal (transverse) reinforcing bars, but also welded or tied diagonally (Oblique) steel bars further increase the strength, so that it can support the self-fixing slabs installed and fixed and poured concrete;

所述柱体自固板的自我固定安装法是先将柱体自固板的装饰面向外、固联面向内自下而上地放置在界线的位置，然后用钢筋条将固联部位与最近处的柱体钢筋焊接牢固，如此安装固定好一块自固板后接着安装固定第二块、第三块、 ……，和安装固定好一层（圈）后再安装固定第二层（圈）、第三层（圈）、 ……，并且同时再用钢筋条将两两相邻的自固板和柱体钢筋互连悍接进一步加固； The self-fixing installation method of the column self-fixing plate is to first place the decorative surface of the column self-fixing plate outwards, and the solidification face to the bottom from the top to the boundary line, and then use a reinforcing bar to place the solidification portion with the nearest The column reinforcement at the place is welded firmly, so after installing and fixing a self-fixing plate, then install and fix the second, third, ..., and install and fix the first layer (circle), then install and fix the second layer (circle). , The third layer (circle), ..., and at the same time use steel bars to further strengthen the interconnection of two adjacent self-fixing plates and column steel bars;

所述柱体浇筑法是当柱体自固板自我安装固定好一层（圈）或几层（圈）后即填充浇注混凝土的一种方法；若柱体没有装完还需要继续装筑，则不要浇填满，最上一层（圈）要留出三分之一，使该层（圈）自固板的上部固联部位露出来，不致影响后续自固板的自固与安装；所述蚕进法是装置焊接牢固一部分钢筋即固联该部分自固板和浇筑该部分混凝土，待该部分混凝土固化硬结后，又重复上述步骤筑进的建筑方法；适宜于建筑高跨宽大的柱、梁、 .天面等，如柱、梁、桥、涵等等；所述一次完成法是先将梁体钢筋预先悍牢固，使之具有一定刚度后再放置架设在梁***置上，然后将梁体自固板固联在该梁体钢筋上，最后浇筑上混凝土；这种方法适宜于跨度不大的较小的梁体；所述临时斜拉法是对跨度特大的梁或天面的钢筋悬空处，临时悍接或绑扎一根或数根拉出体外的拉强筋条，如钢筋或铁线等筋条，以增加前期梁体钢筋和天面钢筋的支承力，防止悬空部分的梁体钢筋和天面钢筋下坠，待固联安装好自固板与浇筑上的混凝土硬化后，及至整体强度达到安全保险可靠时才剪拆去临时拉强筋的一种自体加强的临时固定建筑法；拉强筋的拉强方式如同吊桥一般，是在一定点上支立起一临时支撑，从临时支撑上部向下拉出固撑筋和拉强筋；所述预应力法是先将天面钢筋网拉紧并焊扎牢固无返松现象后，再将天面自固板饰面朝下、固联面向上地固联在天面钢筋网的底部，最后再铺筑一层混凝土的一种天面铺筑法；其方法步骤包括周边预留钢筋法、天面钢筋预应力网的焊扎法、临时斜拉法、天面自固板的自我固定安装法、天面铺筑法、防边缝漏桨污染法; 预应力法适合于墙、梁较少而跨空又大的天面； The column casting method is a method of filling the concrete after one layer (circle) or several layers (circles) of the column self-fixing plate are self-installed and fixed; if the column is not completed, it is necessary to continue the construction, Do not fill it up. Leave one third of the top layer (circle) so that the upper part of the layer (circle) self-fixing plate is exposed, which will not affect the self-fixation and installation of subsequent self-fixing plates. The silkworm feeding method is a construction method in which a part of the steel bar is welded firmly, that is, the part of the self-fixing slab is fixed and the part of concrete is poured. After the part of the concrete is cured and hardened, the above steps are repeated. The construction method is suitable for building high-span wide columns. , Beams, sky, etc., such as columns, beams, bridges, culverts, etc .; the one-time completion method is to first strengthen the beam body reinforcement in advance to make it have a certain rigidity before placing it on the beam body position, and then The beam body self-fixing plate is fixedly connected to the beam body reinforcement, and finally concrete is poured; this method is suitable for a small beam body with a small span; the temporary cable-stayed method is for a beam or sky with a large span. Suspended reinforcement When connecting or bundling one or several reinforcing bars that are pulled out of the body, such as steel bars or iron wires, to increase the supporting force of the beams and roof reinforcements in the early stage, and prevent the suspended beams and The surface steel bar falls, a self-reinforcing temporary fixed building method is used to cut off and remove the temporary reinforcing ribs after the self-fixing slabs and the concrete on the pouring are hardened and the overall strength reaches safety and reliability. The reinforcement method of the tendons is similar to that of a suspension bridge. A temporary support is erected at a certain point, and the solid and tensile reinforcements are pulled down from the upper part of the temporary support. The prestressing method is to first tension the sky steel mesh. After the welding is firmly and without loosening, the veneer self-fixing plate is facing down, and the ties are facing upward to be fixed on the lining of the sky. A method of paving the surface with a layer of concrete at the bottom; the method steps include the method of reserving the surrounding area, the method of welding the prestressed mesh of the steel surface, the temporary cable staying method, and the self-fixing plate of the sky Self-fixing installation method, sky surface paving method, and side seam leakage propeller pollution prevention method; prestress method is suitable for sky and large sky surfaces with fewer walls and beams;

所述硬模法是先将天面自固板饰面朝下、固联面向上地平铺在梁、墙顶的上面并放牢固和垫平整饰面，再在自固板上铺设焊扎天面钢筋网，最后再铺筑一层混凝土的一种天面铺筑法；其方法步骤包括布梁法、硬天面自固板的装置法、天面钢筋网的悍扎法、临时斜拉法、天面铺筑法、防边缝漏浆污染法； In the hard mold method, firstly, the self-fixing board with the sky surface facing down and the solid surface facing up is laid on the beam, the top of the wall, and the surface is fixed and flattened, and then the welding board is laid on the self-fixing board. A method of paving the surface with a reinforced mesh, and finally laying a layer of concrete. The method steps include a beam beam method, a method of installing a hard-surface self-fixing plate, a method of tying the reinforcing mesh of the sky, and temporary staying. Method, sky surface paving method, side seam leakage prevention pollution method;

9、根据权利要求 8所述的永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，其特征是： 9. The rapid construction technology of permanent mold pre-decorated self-fixing silkworm according to claim 8, wherein:

所述枝条有金属类和非金属类 2种，金属类的如钢筋条、小铁条等；非金属类的如竹木条、塑胶条、混凝土嵌合条等等；所述枝条放置法包括正对（横向和竖向或纵向）放置法和斜对（斜向）交叉放置法；正对放置法是枝条在两两相对和相邻的自固板固联处，以最短最直的距离放置连接；斜对交叉放置法是枝条在两两相对和相邻的自固板固联处，以斜对交叉的形式放置连接，如下对上、左对右、左上对右下等； There are two types of branches: metal and non-metallic, such as steel bars, small iron bars, etc .; non-metals such as bamboo wood bars, plastic bars, concrete fitting bars, etc .; the branch placement method includes: Orthogonal (horizontal and vertical or vertical) placement method and oblique pair (oblique) cross placement method; Orthogonal placement method is that the branches are fixed at two opposite sides and adjacent self-fixing plates, with the shortest and straightest distance Place the connection; The diagonal-to-cross placement method is that the branches are placed in the form of diagonal-to-cross connection at two opposite and adjacent self-fixing plates, as follows: upward, left to right, upper left to lower right, etc .;

所述枝条及其与自固板固联处的连接法包括焊接式、绑扎式、螺丝式、胶粘式和嵌合式； The branch and its connection method with the self-fixing plate include a welding type, a tying type, a screw type, an adhesive type and a fitting type;

所述固撑筋是在临时支撑上拉出的用于拉固支撑本身的一种斜拉筋，其一端联结在临时支撑上，另一端联结在一稳固定点上；所述拉强筋是将悬空处的梁体钢筋和天面钢筋网拉固拉紧的一种斜拉筋，其一端联结在临时支撑上，另一端联结在悬空处的梁体钢筋或天面钢筋网的合适点上； The stiffener is an oblique tension bar drawn on the temporary support and used to tighten the support itself. One end of the stiffener is connected to the temporary support and the other end is connected to a stable fixed point. A kind of diagonal brace that stretches and tightens the beam reinforcement in the suspension and the sky reinforcement mesh, one end of which is connected to the temporary support, and the other end is connected to the appropriate point of the beam reinforcement or sky reinforcement in the suspension;

所述周边预留钢筋法是在天面周边的墙上面的两对侧边和梁上面的两对侧边，预留出与天面钢筋网的排列间距相等的钢筋头，作为天面钢筋的紧固接头，并且两侧钢筋的中间筑有凸埂，以使两边的钢筋反折后能空悬一定的高度，便于装置天面；注意，这里所述的天面周边，并不是指整个天面的最外边的四周，而是指每一需要作为独立钢筋网排列的区的四周；这样，一块小天面则可能只有一个简单的四周边，而一块大天面则可能有许多个两两相共边的周区，如楼房则大多以主墙及大房间为一个周区，一栋大楼房的天面则就被分成许多个周区，就需要在许多个周区的边上和中间的梁上预留出许多钢筋头； In the peripheral reserved steel bar method, two pairs of side edges on the wall above the perimeter surface and two pairs of side edges above the beam are reserved as reinforcement heads with the same spacing as the arrangement of the reinforcement surface on the celestial surface. Fasten the joints, and convex ridges are built in the middle of the steel bars on both sides, so that the steel bars on both sides can be suspended to a certain height after being folded back, which is convenient for installing the sky surface. Note that the perimeter of the sky surface does not refer to the entire sky. The outermost perimeter of the surface, but refers to the perimeter of each area that needs to be arranged as an independent steel mesh; in this way, a small sky surface may only have a simple four perimeter, and a large sky surface may have many two pairs. The peripheral areas of the common sides, such as buildings, mostly use the main wall and large rooms as a week area. The sky of a building is divided into many week areas, which need to be on the sides and in the middle of many week areas. Many beam heads are reserved on the beam;

所述天面钢筋预应力网的悍扎法是逐一将天面钢筋网的每一条钢筋拉紧焊扎在周边对侧边钢筋头上的一种具有预应拉力的布筋方法；具体方法是先将钢筋网的每一条钢筋的一端与任一周边对侧的对应钢筋头焊扎牢固，然后在钢筋条的另一端用紧线器与对应周边对侧的钢筋头拉紧，随即将钢筋条与钢筋头焊扎牢固，如此又进行下一条钢筋的拉紧焊扎，直至把天面钢筋网上的每一条钢筋都拉紧焊扎牢固为止，之后，再把网上的每个交点焊扎连结起来不致返松；为了增加天面钢筋预应力网的强度，可在网底的每对角上增加预应力钢筋条，成为有交叉斜筋的预应力钢筋网； The fierce tying method of the prefabricated steel mesh of the heavenly surface is a kind of cloth with prestressing force that tensions and welds each steel bar of the prefabricated steel mesh one by one on the opposite side of the steel bar. Reinforcement method: The specific method is to first weld one end of each reinforcing bar of the reinforcement mesh to the corresponding reinforcing bar head on the opposite side of any periphery, and then use a wire tightener at the other end of the reinforcing bar to the reinforcing head on the opposite side of the corresponding periphery. Tighten, then the steel bar and the steel bar are welded firmly, and then the next steel bar is tightened and welded until each steel bar on the sky steel mesh is tightened and welded firmly. The intersections are welded together so that they do not loosen. In order to increase the strength of the prestressed steel mesh on the sky, prestressed steel bars can be added to each diagonal of the bottom of the mesh to become a prestressed steel mesh with crossed diagonal ribs;

所述天面自固板的自我固定安装法是在天面预应力钢筋网上固定天面自固板的一种方法；其具体步骤是先从周边装起，向中心一排一排一圈一圈地安装，并且使底饰面对平整；其具体方法是将天面自固板的饰面朝下，固联面向上地放置在预应力网底部的天面线位上，然后用短钢筋条将固联部位和预应力网连接焊扎牢固，如此遂块地将自固板从周边向中央固定安装，同时将两两相邻的自固板再用短钢筋以最短距地联结悍扎起来，直至把整个天面装固完毕且饰面平整为止； The self-fixing installation method of the sky-surface self-fixing plate is a method for fixing the sky-surface self-fixing plate on the sky-surface prestressed reinforcing steel net. The specific steps are assembling from the periphery first, row by row, and circle by center. Install it in a circle, and make the bottom surface flat; the specific method is to place the decorative surface of the self-fixing board on the sky downward, and place the anchor on the sky line at the bottom of the prestressed net, and then use short steel bars. The connection between the solidified part and the prestressed mesh is firmly welded, so that the self-fixing plates are fixedly installed from the periphery to the center, and at the same time, two adjacent self-fixing plates are connected by short steel bars at the shortest distance. Get up until the whole sky is fixed and the finish is flat;

所述天面铺筑法是安装固定牢固自固板后再铺筑一层混凝土的天面建筑方法；具体要求是每一周区的天面最好一次铺筑完毕，不要分次铺筑； . The sky surface paving method is a sky surface construction method in which a layer of concrete is installed after the fixed and self-fixing plate is installed; the specific requirement is that the sky surface should be paved once per week, and should not be paved in stages;

所述布梁法是梁的位置间距要符合硬天面自固板的放置要求，使硬天面自固板刚好横跨在梁与梁之间或梁与墙之间；一般取梁与梁或梁与墙壁的中心间距为 2米左右； The beam distribution method is that the positional spacing of the beams must meet the placement requirements of the hard-surface self-fixing plate, so that the hard-surface self-fixing plate just spans between the beam and the beam or between the beam and the wall; The distance between the center of the beam and the wall is about 2 meters;

所述硬天面自固板的装置法是将硬天面自固板饰面朝下、固联面向上地横跨在梁与墙上和梁与梁上，自固板的两端压在梁或墙上的位置为 5— 10厘米； The hard sky self-fixing plate device method is to place the hard sky self-fixing plate with the decorative surface facing downward and the solid-linking face upward across the beam and the wall and the beam and the beam. Beam or wall position is 5-10 cm;

所述天面钢筋网的焊扎法是在排放好硬天面自固板后，再在自固板上焊扎一层钢筋网；钢筋网的排布和焊扎方法同通常的外模式的钢筋网的排布与扎制方法一样；也可以用紧线器将每根钢筋拉紧并悍或扎牢固，成为具有预应力的天面钢筋网，增加天面的强度； The welding method for the sky steel mesh is to discharge a hard sky surface self-fixing plate, and then weld a layer of steel mesh on the self-fixing plate; the arrangement and welding method of the steel mesh are the same as those in the ordinary external mode. The arrangement of the reinforcing mesh is the same as the method of binding. It is also possible to use a wire tensioner to tighten and tighten each reinforcing bar to become a pre-stressed sky steel mesh to increase the strength of the sky.

10、一种永模预饰自固蚕进快速建筑技术，包括自固板制造方法，其特征是： 10. A rapid construction technique for pre-decorating self-fixing silkworms, including a self-fixing board manufacturing method, which is characterized by:

所述自固板制造方法包括混凝土法及其模具、陶瓷法、玻璃法、塑胶法、天然或人造石材法、混合法、木材法等多种预制方法；预制时须根据建筑对象确定板体的材料和形状规格尺寸、饰面的材料和样式、自固装置的类型等；所述混凝土法及其模具又分贴饰混凝土法及其模具、光饰混凝土法及其模具、裸体混凝土法及其模具等几种预制方法； The manufacturing method of the self-fixing plate includes a plurality of prefabrication methods such as a concrete method and a mold thereof, a ceramics method, a glass method, a plastics method, a natural or artificial stone method, a hybrid method, a wood method, and the like. Material and shape specifications, materials and styles of finishes, types of self-fixing devices, etc .; The concrete method and its mold are divided into several prefabricated methods, such as the decorative concrete method and its mold, the polished concrete method and its mold, the naked concrete method and its mold;

所述贴饰混凝土法及其模具是： a.在制作自固板的模具里，在需要装饰的面及边上预先反面放置装饰材料，如磁砖、瓷片、马赛克、玻璃板、大理石板、塑胶板等； b.在模具里放好板体钢筋和固联装置，如钢筋条、螺丝等； c.浇上混凝土并掺实抹平，同时注意使固联部位处的固联装置如钢筋条、螺丝等清洁裸露出来；待混凝土收浆后即可拆模，不需等到完全干固硬化后才拆模; 若自固板的板面是平面的，则其模具只是一种简单的可拆的活动的边模而不需要面模，可以方便地在平地上或平台上或在同规格的自固板面上层叠施工；边模可用角钢、木条、铁板等配上活动的夹具、转页、插销等制成；若自固板的板面不是平面的，则还要增加面模； The decorative concrete method and its mold are: a. In the mold for making a self-fixing plate, place decorative materials, such as tiles, porcelain pieces, mosaics, glass plates, and marble plates, on the side and side that need to be decorated in advance. , Plastic plates, etc .; b. Put the plate reinforcement and fixing devices in the mold, such as steel bars, screws, etc .; c. Pour concrete and mix and smooth, while paying attention to the fixing devices at the fixing parts such as Rebars, screws, etc. are exposed and exposed; the mold can be removed after the concrete is collected, and it is not necessary to remove the mold after it is completely dry and hardened; if the surface of the self-fixing plate is flat, the mold is only a simple Detachable movable side molds do not require face molds, which can be easily laminated on flat ground or platforms or self-retaining panels of the same specification. Side molds can be equipped with angle steel, wooden strips, iron plates, etc. Made of jigs, turning pages, latches, etc .; if the plate surface of the self-fixing plate is not flat, a surface mold is also added;

所述光饰混凝土法及其模具是： a.根据光饰要求制作面模，如要求有纹路或图案的则需制作有紋路或图案的面模； b.在模具里放好板体钢筋和固联钢筋； c.浇上混凝土并掺实抹平，同时注意使固联部位处的钢筋清洁裸露出来；本法模具和制作工艺要求较高，适合用机械制造； The decorative concrete method and its mold are: a. Making a surface mold according to the requirements of light decoration, if a texture or pattern is required, a surface mold with a texture or pattern needs to be made; b. Placing the plate reinforcement and Reinforced reinforcing bars; c. Pouring concrete and mixing and smoothing, while paying attention to make the reinforcing bars at the exposed places clean and bare; this method requires higher molds and manufacturing processes, and is suitable for mechanical manufacturing;

所述裸体混凝土法及其模具基本与贴饰混凝土法及其模具相同，所不同的是裸体混凝土法无贴饰部分，是用纸或布等作为防粘隔离材料代替贴饰混凝土法中的贴饰材料进行施工； The naked concrete method and its mold are basically the same as the decorative concrete method and its mold, except that the naked concrete method has no decoration, and paper or cloth is used as an anti-sticking insulation material instead of the decoration in the decoration concrete method. Decoration materials for construction;

所述陶瓷法是指用瓷砖、釉面砖等类似的陶瓷材料制造自固板； The ceramic method refers to manufacturing a self-fixing plate from a ceramic material such as a ceramic tile or a glazed tile;

所述玻璃法是指用玻璃材料制做自固板； The glass method refers to a self-fixing plate made of a glass material;

所述塑胶法是指用塑胶材料制造自固板； The plastic method refers to manufacturing a self-fixing plate using a plastic material;

所述天然或人造石材法是指用天然石材或人造石材（如大理石、云石等等）制做自固板； The natural or artificial stone method refers to the use of natural stone or artificial stone (such as marble, marble, etc.) to make self-fixing boards;

所述混合法是分别在工厂里先用陶瓷法、玻璃法、塑胶法、天然或人造石材法等方法制造出薄体自固板，然后再在施工现场往自固板上加浇钢筋混凝土的一种需二次加厚加强制作的方法；它集各种方法的优点于一体，以方便运输、增加板体强度和方便设置固联装置； The hybrid method is to first manufacture thin-body self-fixing plates by ceramic, glass, plastic, natural or artificial stone methods in the factory, and then add reinforced concrete to the self-fixing plates at the construction site. A method that requires secondary thickening to strengthen the production; it combines the advantages of various methods in one to facilitate transportation, increase the strength of the board, and facilitate the setting of a fixed device;

所述木材法是指用木材制作有装饰面的自固板，其装饰的一面或经打磨、刨光、压纹、雕刻、油漆等。 The wood method refers to a self-fixing board made of wood with a decorative surface, and the decorative side thereof may be polished, planed, embossed, carved, painted, or the like.