WO2001014647A1 - Stable tripod-type linking device, inserted between a receptacle and a lid, and resulting assembly - Google Patents

Stable tripod-type linking device, inserted between a receptacle and a lid, and resulting assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001014647A1
WO2001014647A1 PCT/FR2000/002327 FR0002327W WO0114647A1 WO 2001014647 A1 WO2001014647 A1 WO 2001014647A1 FR 0002327 W FR0002327 W FR 0002327W WO 0114647 A1 WO0114647 A1 WO 0114647A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cover
chamber
gutter
receptacle
hand
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2000/002327
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard Corberant
Original Assignee
Prefaest S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Prefaest S.A. filed Critical Prefaest S.A.
Publication of WO2001014647A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001014647A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
    • E02D29/1454—Non-circular covers, e.g. hexagonal, elliptic
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F5/0401—Gullies for use in roads or pavements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F5/041—Accessories therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F2005/0412—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps with means for adjusting their position with respect to the surrounding surface
    • E03F2005/0414—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps with means for adjusting their position with respect to the surrounding surface for inclination adjustment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a receptacle such as a tank, a manhole, a box or even a gutter made up of successive elements generally in the form of a U, generally having to be covered by a removable cover, intended to cover an upper open part of this receptacle.
  • a receptacle such as a tank, a manhole, a box or even a gutter made up of successive elements generally in the form of a U, generally having to be covered by a removable cover, intended to cover an upper open part of this receptacle.
  • They may also be telecommunication rooms with one or more compartments and made up of a monobloc or stage box, the top floor of which must receive a cover.
  • These chambers are intended for drawing electrical cables or digital fibers.
  • the receptacle is generally obtained by molding reinforced concrete, while the covers are often made of steel, bronze or cast iron.
  • a well-known problem lies in the poor connection between the cover and the receptacle, since the surface condition of the upper edge of the concrete receptacle is difficult to achieve perfect flatness. This generates people or vehicles, noises, clicks, or even uprisings, due to the improper reach of the cover on the receptacle, making it left.
  • Another known means consists in not machining the peripheral rim of the receptacle but in interposing a seal between the lower peripheral rim of the cover and the upper peripheral rim of said receptacle, but it was quickly realized that the flexibility of the seal, even relative, had drawbacks, because the elasticity sometimes caused the cover to rebound, for example when passing a vehicle. This led to strengthening the fixing of the cover by positive means such as screws or clips fixing the cover. Also the joint should preferably be glued. We understand the complexity of such a system requiring the implementation of a multitude of means. Thus appeared stable connection devices of the tripod type interposed between on the one hand the receptacle and on the other hand the cover, between an upper peripheral zone of the first and a corresponding lower zone of the second.
  • the covers are generally rectangular or square in shape, a difficulty arises from the fact that the three support points of the tripod seat do not could be arranged on three of the angles of the periphery of the cover because the fourth would have constituted a point of imbalance. It would not have either occurred to the mind to arrange them at two of the angles and in the middle of the side opposite, because this would have caused two points of imbalance constituted by the two free angles.
  • these triangular covers have a meaning, on the left or on the right, of the fact that the handle allowing to lift them, must be obligatorily on one side (It seems to me that this argument is false, because the covers remain reversible. To be confirmed).
  • the invention relates to a stable connection device, of the tripod type, interposed between on the one hand a receptacle in particular a box, monobloc or stage, forming one or more chambers or a gutter made up of successive elements, generally in U-shaped, and on the other hand, at least one cover or grid, intended to removably cover an upper open part of the receptacle by means of three interposed support points, between an upper peripheral zone of the receptacle and a zoned corresponding lower cover, characterized in that relatively flexible intermediate support points are arranged in combination on the periphery of the cover between the tripod seat points which are formed by hard elements, so as to allow the balanced distribution of these at the periphery of said cover when its shape is not triangular, the flexible intermediate points having no incidence on the tripod seat, while compensating for the areas not supported by the latter.
  • the present invention also relates to the characteristics which will emerge during the description which follows, and which should be considered in isolation or according to all their possible technical combinations.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a receptacle forming a double chamber with two corresponding lids provided with a tripod seat according to the invention.
  • FIG 2 is a top view of a double chamber receptacle, according to Figure 1, the covers have been removed.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of one of the covers intended to be placed on the receptacle of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the cover according to FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view according to arrow III in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a side view along arrow IV of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 7 is a view on an enlarged scale of one of the support points of the cover according to detail A in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view according to FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view along line VII / VII of the cover of FIG. 7 after it has been placed on the receptacle of FIG. 2.
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged view of one of the flexible support points of the connecting device according to the invention and according to detail B of the cover of Figure 5.
  • Figure 11 is a side view of the cover according line X / X in Figure 10.
  • FIG. 12 is a side view on an enlarged scale of a horizontal retention means for the cover according to detail c in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 13 is a top view along the line XII / XII of FIG. 12.
  • Figure 14 is a side view of two successive covers covering a receptacle consisting of a double chamber.
  • Figure 15 is a detail view on an enlarged scale of a cover according to Figures 3 to 6 having a hinge means.
  • FIG. 16 is a sectional view along the line XVI / XVI of FIG. 15.
  • FIG. 17 is a side view along the line XVII / XVII of FIG. 16.
  • FIGS. 18, 19 and 20 show respectively in lateral, front and top view, a pin for locking the joint according to FIGS. 15 and 17.
  • Figures 21 to 30 show the successive stages of opening a cover, ten to ten degrees through the joint according to Figure 16.
  • Figures 31 to 40 show the successive stages of closing a cover , from ten to ten degrees, through the joint according to figure 16.
  • FIG. 41 schematically represents a circular contour chamber, provided with a cover of corresponding shape, comprising a device for connecting with one another, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • a stable tripod-type connecting device is interposed between on the one hand a receptacle 2, in this case a double chamber box 2A 2B on which two covers are placed or pads 3A 3B intended to removably cover an upper open part of said receptacle.
  • the tripod seat 1 is constituted by 3 support points A B C interposed between an upper peripheral zone of the receptacle 2 and a lower zone of the cover 3A or 3B.
  • relatively flexible intermediate support points 4A 4B are arranged on the periphery of the cover 3A or 3B, between points 1A 1B 1C of the tripod seat 1 which are in turn formed by hard elements, so as to allow balanced and stable distribution thereof, on the periphery of said cover 3A or 3B when its shape is not triangular, the flexible intermediate points 4A 4B having no effect on the tripod seat 1 while compensating for the areas not supported by it.
  • the cover 3A or 3B comprises on the one hand a tripod seat 1 including two of its points d 1A IB support are located on the same side near two consecutive angles while its third support point ic is located in a median area on the opposite side of said cover and on the other hand two flexible intermediate support points 4A 4B arranged on either side of said third point 3C of the tripod seat 1, near the other two corners of the cover 3A or 3B not supported by the tripod seat 1.
  • the three hard support points 1A IB 1C of the seat mode 1, as well as the two intermediate points flexible 4A 4B, are distributed over the covers rings 3A 3B, so as to come into contact on either side of the upper longitudinal sides 2a 2b of the chambers 2A, 2B.
  • a receptacle 2 with double chamber 2A 2B made of reinforced concrete, the longitudinal upper edges 2a 2b and transverse 2c 2d of its vertical peripheral walls are covered with a metal profile, the main internal faces of which 5 6 7 8 form a shoulder defining a plane substantially horizontal intended to receive the corresponding edges of the cover 3A 3B, by means of the hard support points 1A IB IC of the tripod seat 1 and of the flexible intermediate support points 4A 4B, said profile and said cover comprising additional means 9 and 10 for centering and axial, transverse and longitudinal retention of the latter constituting the tripod seat.
  • the studs 9 are constituted by cylindrical studs, while the housings 10 of the cover 3A 3B have on their internal lateral surface a relief 10a making them of frustoconical configuration to facilitate centering at the time of the installation of said cover 3A 3B, said housings 10 also having a partial lateral opening 10b directed outwards, so as to allow the cover to take an angle, by unilateral lifting, at the time of removal.
  • the covers being generally obtained by casting iron, the housings 10 are advantageously obtained during the same molding operation.
  • the height of the studs 9 is less than that of the housings 10 of the cover so that the base of these bears well on the section 5.7 of the chamber or gutter, to constitute the tripod seat 1.
  • the bottom of the blind housings 10 of the cover 3A 3B is pierced with a hole 11 allowing the passage of a fixing screw 12 intended to be screwed into a corresponding threaded part 14 of the studs 9 and to act in clamping by taking support by its head 12a at the bottom of an upper reservation 13 free of access, formed in the outside plane of the cover 3A 3B.
  • the fixing screws 12 of the cover 3A 3B open at the lower part of the corresponding threaded holes 14 of the studs 9, in a hole 15 extending radially outwards, so as to allow the water drainage and avoid the formation of rust in the body of the stud 9.
  • the studs have a narrowed lower part 9a passing through a hole corresponding to the section 5.7 by taking support by a shoulder 9b on its upper horizontal plane and welded peripherally under its lower horizontal plane by a weld 17 .
  • a receptacle 2 made of reinforced concrete, it comprises a metal frame embedded in the concrete and formed by a network of horizontal, vertical or arched bars (not shown) at the ends or along which are welded the studs 9, so as to make them integral with said frame hence the receptacle.
  • these consist of pads inserted in blind housings 18 of substantially corresponding shape, produced at the lower peripheral edge of the cover 3A 3B in which they are retained by means of fixing studs 19 obtained integrally with them and engaging by force in holes 20 produced in a bottom wall 21, of said blind housings 18.
  • the height of the pads 4A is greater than that of the housings 18 which contain them, so as to take account of their crushing.
  • said pads 4A are generally appearing to be pedipedic, but of course they could also be cylindrical in shape.
  • the intermediate pads 4A are made of hydrocarbon resistant chloroprene, hardness 90 ° Shore A.
  • the cover 3A 3B also comprises horizontal retaining means which consist on the one hand of at least one fixed lug 22 perpendicularly crossing a vertical side 7a of the metal profile 7 of the chamber or channel and made integral with it by welding 23 and on the other hand by a reservation 24 made on the external lateral periphery, open at its lower part 24a and front 24b to form a rider with conical blanks capable of overlap and center during assembly, on the fixed lug 22 of the profile.
  • horizontal retaining means consist on the one hand of at least one fixed lug 22 perpendicularly crossing a vertical side 7a of the metal profile 7 of the chamber or channel and made integral with it by welding 23 and on the other hand by a reservation 24 made on the external lateral periphery, open at its lower part 24a and front 24b to form a rider with conical blanks capable of overlap and center during assembly, on the fixed lug 22 of the profile.
  • the fixed lug 22 is located on the side of the receptacle on which only " * 'one of the points IC of the tripod seat 1 of each of the covers 3A or 3B is supported.
  • FIG. 14 in the case of a receptacle with rectangular opening, as in the case of a double chamber, requiring the use of two successive covers, these include , on their contiguous edges 25, perpendicular to the upper longitudinal edges of the chamber 3A 3B covered with the metal section 5 and 7, overlapping joint planes 26 and 27, of shapes such as to constitute a baffle 28 for sealing against dust .
  • the joint plane 27 of the cover 3A forms a plane offset in S relative to the upper plane of said cover while the joint plane 26 of the cover 3B is in the continuity of the upper plane thereof to come to bear additionally on the plane 27 of the cover 3A.
  • FIG. 14 shows joint zones, central 25 and lateral 28,
  • FIGS. 15 to 20 According to another characteristic of the invention illustrated by FIGS. 15 to 20 and in the case of a receptacle 2 made of reinforced concrete, articulation means
  • a handle 31 generally in the form of an inverted U, the vertical ends of which are embedded in concrete and secured by welding to an element of the reinforcement (not shown) and whose horizontal branch 31b constitutes a hinge pin intended for the cover 3A 3B and on the other hand by a hook 32 obtained integrally with it ci and forming an opening 33 at one of its ends 32a, to engage under the hinge pin 31b of the chamber or gutter before being locked on it by means of a pin 34 passing through and fixing on a part of the cover 3A 3B opposite the opening 32a of the hook 32, to ensure the closing thereof.
  • the pin 34 is a split pin made up of two branches 34a and 34b ela ⁇ t îque deformable when passing a hole 35 made in the cover 3A or 3B.
  • the same pin has a gripping head 34c extending perpendicularly to its branches 34a and 34b by forming a ring facilitating the extraction of said pin 34, if it is necessary to have to completely disassemble the cover.
  • the ring 34C of the pin 34 is housed in a reservation 36 obtained by molding on said upper surface of the cover.
  • FIGS. 21 to 30 The operation of the articulation means 30 forming a hinge to the cover 3A 3B is particularly well illustrated in FIGS. 21 to 30 showing the decomposition of the movement in opening from 10 ° to 10 ° and this up to 100 ° of opening, so to meet the requirement EN124, so that said cover can remain open without risk of falling on the receptacle during an intervention by qualified personnel being for example inside thereof.
  • Figures 31 to 40 also illustrate from 10 ° to 10 ° the return in closing of a cover around the same hinge means 30.
  • the cover 3 of corresponding shape, comprises on the one hand a tripod seat whose hard support points (1A IB IC) are located under its lower peripheral edge and form between them central angles 120 ° and on the other hand at least three flexible intermediate support points (4A) arranged symmetrically between each hard support point (1A IB IC) of the tripod seat and therefore form between them angles at the center of 120 ° also.
  • the flexible intermediate support points 4A can be multiplied by two provided that they remain equidistant so as to respect a balance, while the hard support points A, B, C must necessarily be three in number.

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Abstract

The invention concerns a stable tripod-type linking device (1) inserted between a receptacle (2) in particular a single-block or multistage casing, forming one or several chambers (2A, 2B) and at least a lid (3A, 3B) designed to cover removably an open top part of the receptacle (2) via three support points (1A, 1B, 1C) interposed between a top peripheral zone of the receptacle (2) and a corresponding bottom zone of the lid (3A or 3B). The invention is characterised in that the relatively flexible intermediate support points (4A, 4B) are arranged in combination on the periphery of the lid (3A or 3B), between the tripod (1) seating points which are formed with hard elements, so as to provide a uniform and stable distribution thereof at the periphery of said lid (3A, 3B) when it is not triangular in shape, the flexible intermediate support points (4A, 4B) having no effect on the tripod seat (1), while compensating the zones unsupported thereby.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE LIAISON STABLE DU TYPE TRIPODE, INTERPOSE ENTRE UN RECEPTACLE ET UN COUVERCLE, ET ENSEMBLE AINSI CONSTITUESTABLE TRIPOD TYPE CONNECTION DEVICE, INTERPOSED BETWEEN A RECEPTACLE AND A LID, AND ASSEMBLY THUS CONSTITUTED
La présente invention se rapporte à un réceptacle tel qu'une cuve, un regard, un caisson ou encore un caniveau constitué d'éléments successifs globalement en forme de U, devant d'une manière générale être recouvert par un couvercle amovible, destiné à recouvrir une partie ouverte supérieure de ce réceptacle .The present invention relates to a receptacle such as a tank, a manhole, a box or even a gutter made up of successive elements generally in the form of a U, generally having to be covered by a removable cover, intended to cover an upper open part of this receptacle.
Il pourra également s'agir de chambres de télécommunication à un ou plusieurs compartiments et constituées d'un caisson monobloc ou étage dont le dernier étage devra recevoir un couvercle.They may also be telecommunication rooms with one or more compartments and made up of a monobloc or stage box, the top floor of which must receive a cover.
Ces chambres sont destinées au tirage de câbles électriques ou de fibres numériques.These chambers are intended for drawing electrical cables or digital fibers.
D'une manière générale, tous ces types de réceptacles sont destinés à être enfouis dans le sol, leur couvercle venant à fleur de celui-ci, de manière à permettre le passage des personnes, et des véhicules de tout type et de tout poids. Ce couvercle ou tampon sera plein s'il s'agit d'une chambre ou d'un caisson il sera ajouré à la manière d'une grille s'il s'agit d'un caniveau de récupération des eaux pluviales de surface.In general, all these types of receptacles are intended to be buried in the ground, their cover coming flush with it, so as to allow the passage of people, and vehicles of all types and of any weight. This cover or pad will be full if it is a chamber or a casing it will be perforated in the manner of a grid if it is a drainage channel for surface rainwater.
Dans ces applications le réceptacle est généralement obtenu par moulage d'un béton armé alors que les couvercles sont souvent en acier, en bronze ou en fonte.In these applications, the receptacle is generally obtained by molding reinforced concrete, while the covers are often made of steel, bronze or cast iron.
Un problème bien connu réside dans la mauvaise liaison entre le couvercle et le réceptable, du fait que l'état de surface du bord supérieur du réceptacle en béton est difficilement d'une planéité parfaite. Ceci engendre au passage des personnes ou des véhicules, des bruits, des claquements, voire des soulèvements, du fait de la mauvaise portée du couvercle sur le réceptacle, le rendant gauche.A well-known problem lies in the poor connection between the cover and the receptacle, since the surface condition of the upper edge of the concrete receptacle is difficult to achieve perfect flatness. This generates people or vehicles, noises, clicks, or even uprisings, due to the improper reach of the cover on the receptacle, making it left.
Une façon de remédier à ces inconvénients consiste à usiner le bord supérieur du réceptacle de manière à obtenir la planéité recherchée, à condition que celui- ci soit métallique. Non seulement ceci est plus difficilement applicable lorsqu'il s'agit d'un réceptacle en béton, mais de plus ce moyen a rapidement démontré son inefficacité car en effet, après un certain temps, généralement court, des graviers s'introduisent entre l'assise du couvercle et le réceptacle et les bruits et les claquements réapparaissent .One way to overcome these drawbacks is to machine the upper edge of the receptacle so as to obtain the desired flatness, provided that it is metallic. Not only is this more difficult to apply when it is a concrete receptacle, but moreover this means has quickly demonstrated its ineffectiveness because indeed, after a certain time, generally short, gravels are introduced between the seat cover and receptacle and noises and clicks reappear.
Un autre moyen connu consiste à ne pas usiner le rebord périphérique du réceptacle mais à interposer un joint entre le rebord périphérique inférieur du couvercle et le rebord périphérique supérieur dudit réceptacle, mais on s'est vite aperçu que la souplesse du joint, même relative, présentait des inconvénients, car l'élasticité provoquait parfois un rebond du couvercle, au passage d'un véhicule par exemple. Ceci a conduit à renforcer la fixation du couvercle par des moyens positifs tels que vis ou clips fixant le couvercle. Egalement le joint doit être préférentiellement collé. On comprend la complexité d'un tel système nécessitant la mise en oeuvre d'une multitude de moyens. C'est ainsi que sont apparus des dispositifs de liaison stable du type tripode interposés entre d'une part le réceptacle et d'autre part le couvercle, entre une zone périphérique supérieure du premier et une zone correspondante inférieure du second.Another known means consists in not machining the peripheral rim of the receptacle but in interposing a seal between the lower peripheral rim of the cover and the upper peripheral rim of said receptacle, but it was quickly realized that the flexibility of the seal, even relative, had drawbacks, because the elasticity sometimes caused the cover to rebound, for example when passing a vehicle. This led to strengthening the fixing of the cover by positive means such as screws or clips fixing the cover. Also the joint should preferably be glued. We understand the complexity of such a system requiring the implementation of a multitude of means. Thus appeared stable connection devices of the tripod type interposed between on the one hand the receptacle and on the other hand the cover, between an upper peripheral zone of the first and a corresponding lower zone of the second.
Les couvercles étant généralement de forme rectangulaire ou carrée, une difficulté naquit du fait que les trois points d'appui de l'assise tripode ne pouvaient être disposes sur trois des angles de la périphérie du couvercle car le quatrième aurait constitué un point de déséquilibre. Il ne serait pas non plus venu a l'esprit de les disposer à deux des angles et au milieu du coté en vis-à-vis, car cela aurait provoqué deux points de déséquilibre constitués par les deux angles libres.As the covers are generally rectangular or square in shape, a difficulty arises from the fact that the three support points of the tripod seat do not could be arranged on three of the angles of the periphery of the cover because the fourth would have constituted a point of imbalance. It would not have either occurred to the mind to arrange them at two of the angles and in the middle of the side opposite, because this would have caused two points of imbalance constituted by the two free angles.
C'est pourquoi il a déjà été imaginé de remplacer un couvercle quadrangulaire pour une ouverture de réceptacle donnée, par deux couvercles triangulaires complémentaires assurant la même fermeture et en disposant aux trois angles de chacun desdits couvercles triangulaires, des points d'appui constituant des assises tripodes. Si ceci a résolu le problème de la stabilité des couvercles, en revanche cela a engendré une multitude d ' inconvénients .This is why it has already been imagined to replace a quadrangular cover for a given receptacle opening, by two complementary triangular covers ensuring the same closure and by placing at the three angles of each of said triangular covers, support points constituting seats. tripods. If this has solved the problem of the stability of the covers, on the other hand it has created a multitude of drawbacks.
En effet le premier réside dans le fait que la fermeture d'un même réceptacle doit être effectuée par l'intermédiaire de deux couvercles distincts donc d'un prix de revient plus élevé. De plus la mise en place de deux couvercles est pénalisante par rapport à la mise en place d'un seul.Indeed the first lies in the fact that the closing of the same receptacle must be carried out by means of two separate covers therefore of a higher cost price. In addition, the installation of two covers is penalizing compared to the installation of only one.
Egalement ces couvercles triangulaires ont un sens, à gauche ou a droite, du fait que la poignée permettant de les soulever, doit être obligatoirement sur un coté (Il me semble que cet argument est faux, car les couvercles demeurent réversibles. A confirmer).Also these triangular covers have a meaning, on the left or on the right, of the fact that the handle allowing to lift them, must be obligatorily on one side (It seems to me that this argument is false, because the covers remain reversible. To be confirmed).
Par ailleurs l'usage de deux couvercles tels que cela vient d'être évoque présente un autre inconvénient ma eur résidant dans le fait que l'utilisation de deux couvercles triangulaires crée nécessairement une zone de joints s 'étendant en diagonale au-dessus du réceptacle et permettant 1 ' introduction de poussières ou graviers dans le réceptacle, ce qui n'est pas toujours admis selon la destination de ce dernier.Furthermore, the use of two covers as has just been mentioned has another major drawback residing in the fact that the use of two triangular covers necessarily creates a zone of joints extending diagonally above the receptacle. and allowing the introduction of dust or gravel in the receptacle, which is not always allowed depending on the destination of the latter.
De plus du fait de la trîangularité des couvercles, ceux-ci ne peuvent être ouverts qu'en pétales, c'est à dire l'un vers la droite et l'autre vers la gauche, de manière à prendre appui sur leur coté respectif opposé à leur pointe.In addition due to the triangularity of the covers, these can only be opened in petals, that is to say one to the right and the other to the left, so as to rest on their respective sides opposite their tip.
Enfin si ces couvercles triangulaires sont relativement stables lorsqu'on leur applique des forces de poussée verticale, il n'en est pas de même lorsque ces forces sont exercées dans un sens transversal ou longitudinal par le fait des jeux qui ont été créés de par leur conception même. Cela se vérifie essentiellement lorsque sont exercés sur ces couvercles des efforts dynamiques au freinage d'un véhicule provoquant leur déplacement dans un sens latéral, qu'il soit longitudinal ou transversal. La présente invention a pour but de résoudre l'ensemble des inconvénients précités et plus particulièrement ceux liés aux dispositifs de liaison stable de type tripode dont elle en reprend le principe mais en vaincant un préjugé consistant à l'adapter contre toute attente sur un couvercle précisément quadrangulaire ou circulaire et en tout état de cause non triangulaire. A cet effet, l'invention concerne un dispositif de liaison stable, du type tripode, interposé entre d'une part un réceptacle notamment un caisson, monobloc ou étage, formant une ou plusieurs chambre ou un caniveau constitué d'éléments successifs, globalement en forme de U, et d'autre part, au moins un couvercle ou grille, destine à recouvrir de manière amovible une partie ouverte supérieure du réceptacle par 1 ' intermédiaire de trois points d'appui interposés, entre une zone périphérique supérieure du réceptacle et une zone correspondante inférieure du couvercle, caractérisé en ce que des points d'appui intercalaires relativement souples, sont disposés en combinaison sur la périphérie du couvercle entre les points d'assise tripode qui sont formés par des éléments durs, de manière à permettre la répartition équilibrée de ceux-ci en périphérie dudit couvercle lorsque sa forme n'est pas triangulaire, les points intercalaires souples n'ayant pas d'incidence sur l'assise tripode, tout en compensant les zones non soutenues par celle-ci.Finally, if these triangular covers are relatively stable when vertical thrust forces are applied to them, it is not the same when these forces are exerted in a transverse or longitudinal direction by the fact of the games which have been created by their very design. This is mainly verified when dynamic forces are exerted on these covers when braking a vehicle causing them to move in a lateral direction, whether longitudinal or transverse. The present invention aims to solve all of the aforementioned drawbacks and more particularly those associated with stable tripod type tripods from which it takes up the principle but by overcoming a prejudice of adapting it against all odds on a cover precisely quadrangular or circular and in any case non-triangular. To this end, the invention relates to a stable connection device, of the tripod type, interposed between on the one hand a receptacle in particular a box, monobloc or stage, forming one or more chambers or a gutter made up of successive elements, generally in U-shaped, and on the other hand, at least one cover or grid, intended to removably cover an upper open part of the receptacle by means of three interposed support points, between an upper peripheral zone of the receptacle and a zoned corresponding lower cover, characterized in that relatively flexible intermediate support points are arranged in combination on the periphery of the cover between the tripod seat points which are formed by hard elements, so as to allow the balanced distribution of these at the periphery of said cover when its shape is not triangular, the flexible intermediate points having no incidence on the tripod seat, while compensating for the areas not supported by the latter.
La présente invention concerne également les caractéristiques qui ressortiront au cours de la description qui va suivre, et qui devront être considérées isolément ou selon toutes leurs combinaisons techniques possibles.The present invention also relates to the characteristics which will emerge during the description which follows, and which should be considered in isolation or according to all their possible technical combinations.
Cette description donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif, fera mieux comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : La figure 1 représente schématiquement un réceptacle formant une chambre double avec deux couvercles correspondants munis d'une assise tripode selon l'invention.This description given by way of nonlimiting example will make it easier to understand how the invention can be produced with reference to the attached drawings in which: FIG. 1 schematically represents a receptacle forming a double chamber with two corresponding lids provided with a tripod seat according to the invention.
La figure 2 est une vue de dessus d'un réceptacle à chambre double, selon la figure 1, dont les couvercles ont été déposés.Figure 2 is a top view of a double chamber receptacle, according to Figure 1, the covers have been removed.
La figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'un des couvercles destinés à être posé sur le réceptacle de la figure 2. La figure 4 est une vue de dessous du couvercle selon la figure 3.FIG. 3 is a top view of one of the covers intended to be placed on the receptacle of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the cover according to FIG. 3.
La figure 5 est une vue de coté selon la flèche III de la figure 3. La figure 6 est une vue de coté selon la flèche IV de la figure 4.FIG. 5 is a side view according to arrow III in FIG. 3. FIG. 6 is a side view along arrow IV of FIG. 4.
La figure 7 est une vue à échelle agrandie d'un des points d'appui du couvercle selon le détail A de la figure 5.FIG. 7 is a view on an enlarged scale of one of the support points of the cover according to detail A in FIG. 5.
La figure 8 est une vue de dessus selon la figure 7.FIG. 8 is a top view according to FIG. 7.
La figure 9 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne VII/VII du couvercle de la figure 7 après que celui-ci ait été posé sur le réceptacle de la figure 2.FIG. 9 is a sectional view along line VII / VII of the cover of FIG. 7 after it has been placed on the receptacle of FIG. 2.
La figure 10 est une vue à échelle agrandie de l'un des points d'appui souples du dispositif de liaison selon l'invention et selon le détail B du couvercle de la figure 5. La figure 11 est une vue de coté du couvercle selon la ligne X/X de la figure 10.Figure 10 is an enlarged view of one of the flexible support points of the connecting device according to the invention and according to detail B of the cover of Figure 5. Figure 11 is a side view of the cover according line X / X in Figure 10.
La figure 12 est une vue de coté à échelle agrandie d'un moyen de retenue horizontale du couvercle selon le détail c de la figure 5. La figure 13 est une vue de dessus selon la ligne XII/XII de la figure 12.FIG. 12 is a side view on an enlarged scale of a horizontal retention means for the cover according to detail c in FIG. 5. FIG. 13 is a top view along the line XII / XII of FIG. 12.
La figure 14 est une vue latérale de deux couvercles successifs coiffant un réceptacle constitué par une chambre double. La figure 15 est une vue de détail à échelle agrandie d'un couvercle selon les figures 3 à 6 disposant d'un moyen d'articulation.Figure 14 is a side view of two successive covers covering a receptacle consisting of a double chamber. Figure 15 is a detail view on an enlarged scale of a cover according to Figures 3 to 6 having a hinge means.
La figure 16 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne XVI/XVI de la figure 15. La figure 17 est une vue latérale selon la ligne XVII/XVII de la figure 16.FIG. 16 is a sectional view along the line XVI / XVI of FIG. 15. FIG. 17 is a side view along the line XVII / XVII of FIG. 16.
Les figures 18,19 et 20 représentent respectivement en vue latérale, frontale et de dessus, une goupille de verrouillage de l'articulation selon les figures 15 et 17. Les figures 21 à 30 représentent les phases successives d'ouverture d'un couvercle, de dix en dix degrés par l'intermédiaire de l'articulation selon la figure 16. Les figures 31 à 40 représentent les phases successives de fermeture d'un couvercle, de dix en dix degrés, par l'intermédiaire de l'articulation selon la figure 16.FIGS. 18, 19 and 20 show respectively in lateral, front and top view, a pin for locking the joint according to FIGS. 15 and 17. Figures 21 to 30 show the successive stages of opening a cover, ten to ten degrees through the joint according to Figure 16. Figures 31 to 40 show the successive stages of closing a cover , from ten to ten degrees, through the joint according to figure 16.
La figure 41 représente schématiquement une chambre de contour circulaire, munie d'un couvercle de forme correspondante, comportant un dispositif de liaison de l'un avec l'autre, selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention.FIG. 41 schematically represents a circular contour chamber, provided with a cover of corresponding shape, comprising a device for connecting with one another, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Comme le montre schématiquement la figure 1, un dispositif de liaison stable de type tripode 1, globalement désigné, est interposé entre d'une part un réceptacle 2, en l'occurrence un caisson à double chambre 2A 2B sur lesquelles sont posés deux couvercles ou tampons 3A 3B destinés à recouvrir de manière amovible une partie ouverte supérieure dudit réceptacle .As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, a stable tripod-type connecting device 1, generally designated, is interposed between on the one hand a receptacle 2, in this case a double chamber box 2A 2B on which two covers are placed or pads 3A 3B intended to removably cover an upper open part of said receptacle.
L'assise tripode 1 est constituée par 3 points d'appui A B C interposés entre une zone périphérique supérieure du réceptacle 2 et une zone inférieure du couvercle 3A ou 3B.The tripod seat 1 is constituted by 3 support points A B C interposed between an upper peripheral zone of the receptacle 2 and a lower zone of the cover 3A or 3B.
Toujours selon le schéma de principe de la figure 1, des points d'appui intercalaires 4A 4B relativement souples sont disposés sur la périphérie du couvercle 3A ou 3B, entre les points 1A 1B 1C de l'assise tripode 1 qui sont quant à eux formés par des éléments durs, de manière à permettre la répartition équilibrée et stable de ceux-ci, sur la périphérie dudit couvercle 3A ou 3B lorsque sa forme n'est pas triangulaire, les points intercalaires souples 4A 4B n'ayant pas d'incidence sur l'assise tripode 1 tout en compensant les zones non soutenues par celle-ci.Still according to the block diagram of FIG. 1, relatively flexible intermediate support points 4A 4B are arranged on the periphery of the cover 3A or 3B, between points 1A 1B 1C of the tripod seat 1 which are in turn formed by hard elements, so as to allow balanced and stable distribution thereof, on the periphery of said cover 3A or 3B when its shape is not triangular, the flexible intermediate points 4A 4B having no effect on the tripod seat 1 while compensating for the areas not supported by it.
Comme le montre encore la figure 1, s 'agissant d'une chambre ou caniveau à ouverture quadrangulaire, le couvercle 3A ou 3B, qu'il soit carré ou rectangulaire, comporte d'une part une assise tripode 1 dont deux de ses points d'appui 1A IB sont situés sur un même coté à proximité de deux angles consécutifs alors que son troisième point d'appui ic est situé dans une zone médiane du coté opposé dudit couvercle et d'autre part deux points d'appui intercalaires souples 4A 4B disposés de part et d'autre dudit troisième point 3C de l'assise tripode 1, à proximité des deux autres angles du couvercle 3A ou 3B non soutenus par l'assise tripode 1. Selon le cas de figure représenté, s 'agissant d'un réceptacle 2 à chambre double 2A 2B à ouverture rectangulaire, nécessitant la mise en oeuvre d'au moins deux couvercles successifs 3A 3B, les trois points d'appui durs 1A IB 1C de l'assise mpode 1, ainsi que les deux points intercalaires souples 4A 4B, sont répartis sur les couvercles 3A 3B, de manière à venir en contact de part et d ' autre des cotés longitudinaux supérieurs 2a 2b des chambres 2A, 2B.As shown again in FIG. 1, being a chamber or channel with a quadrangular opening, the cover 3A or 3B, whether square or rectangular, comprises on the one hand a tripod seat 1 including two of its points d 1A IB support are located on the same side near two consecutive angles while its third support point ic is located in a median area on the opposite side of said cover and on the other hand two flexible intermediate support points 4A 4B arranged on either side of said third point 3C of the tripod seat 1, near the other two corners of the cover 3A or 3B not supported by the tripod seat 1. According to the case shown, being a receptacle 2 with double chamber 2A 2B with rectangular opening, requiring the use of at least two successive covers 3A 3B, the three hard support points 1A IB 1C of the seat mode 1, as well as the two intermediate points flexible 4A 4B, are distributed over the covers rings 3A 3B, so as to come into contact on either side of the upper longitudinal sides 2a 2b of the chambers 2A, 2B.
Il est à noter que l'exemple de réalisation choisie concerne un réceptacle à chambre double, mais qu'il pourra s'agir d'éléments de caniveaux mis bout à bout sur lesquels sont posés des couvercles successifs sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention. S'agissant par exemple d'un réceptacle 2 à double chambre 2A 2B, en béton armé, les bordures supérieures longitudinales 2a 2b et transversales 2c 2d de ses parois périphériques verticales sont recouvertes d'un profilé métallique, dont les faces principales internes 5 6 7 8 forment un épaulement définissant un plan sensiblement horizontal destiné à recevoir les bords correspondants du couvercle 3A 3B, par l'intermédiaire des points d'appui durs 1A IB IC de l'assise tripode 1 et des points d'appui intercalaires souples 4A 4B, ledit profilé et ledit couvercle comportant des moyens complémentaires 9 et 10 de centrage et de retenue axiale, transversale et longitudinale de ce dernier constituant l'assise tripode.It should be noted that the example of embodiment chosen relates to a receptacle with a double chamber, but that it may be elements of gutters placed end to end on which are placed successive covers without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention. As for example a receptacle 2 with double chamber 2A 2B, made of reinforced concrete, the longitudinal upper edges 2a 2b and transverse 2c 2d of its vertical peripheral walls are covered with a metal profile, the main internal faces of which 5 6 7 8 form a shoulder defining a plane substantially horizontal intended to receive the corresponding edges of the cover 3A 3B, by means of the hard support points 1A IB IC of the tripod seat 1 and of the flexible intermediate support points 4A 4B, said profile and said cover comprising additional means 9 and 10 for centering and axial, transverse and longitudinal retention of the latter constituting the tripod seat.
Ces moyens complémentaires de centrage et de retenue axiale, transversale et longitudinale du couvercle 3A 3B sur la chambre 2A 2B ou caniveau, sont formés d'une part par trois goujons 9 rapportés solidairement et de manière perpendiculaire sur les plans horizontaux longitudinaux 5 et 7 du profilé métallique de la chambre 2A 2B ou caniveau et d'autre part par trois logements borgnes 10 de forme sensiblement correspondante à celle des goujons 9 et ménagés en regard de ceux-ci sur l'envers du couvercle 3A 3B. Pour une description plus détaillée des moyens complémentaires de centrage et de retenue axiale, transversale et longitudinale des couvercles 3A, 3B sur les chambres 2A, 2B du réceptacle 2, on se reportera aux figures 7, 8 et 9 qui représentent l'un des points d'appui durs 1A par exemple, de l'assise tripode 1, sachant que tous les autres points d'appui durs de ladite assise sont identiques.These complementary means for centering and axial, transverse and longitudinal retention of the cover 3A 3B on the chamber 2A 2B or gutter, are formed on the one hand by three studs 9 attached integrally and perpendicularly to the longitudinal horizontal planes 5 and 7 of the metal profile of the chamber 2A 2B or gutter and on the other hand by three blind housings 10 of shape substantially corresponding to that of the studs 9 and formed opposite these on the back of the cover 3A 3B. For a more detailed description of the complementary means of centering and axial, transverse and longitudinal retention of the covers 3A, 3B on the chambers 2A, 2B of the receptacle 2, reference is made to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 which represent one of the points hard support 1A for example, of the tripod seat 1, knowing that all the other hard support points of said seat are identical.
C'est ainsi que les goujons 9 sont constitués par des plots cylindriques, alors que les logements 10 du couvercle 3A 3B présentent sur leur surface latérale interne une dépouille 10a les rendant de configuration tronconique pour faciliter le centrage au moment de la pose dudit couvercle 3A 3B, lesdits logements 10 présentant également une ouverture latérale partielle 10b dirigée vers l'extérieur, de manière à permettre au couvercle une prise d'angle, par soulèvement unilatéral, au moment de la dépose.Thus the studs 9 are constituted by cylindrical studs, while the housings 10 of the cover 3A 3B have on their internal lateral surface a relief 10a making them of frustoconical configuration to facilitate centering at the time of the installation of said cover 3A 3B, said housings 10 also having a partial lateral opening 10b directed outwards, so as to allow the cover to take an angle, by unilateral lifting, at the time of removal.
Les couvercles étant généralement obtenus par moulage de fonte, les logements 10 sont avantageusement obtenus lors de la même opération de moulage.The covers being generally obtained by casting iron, the housings 10 are advantageously obtained during the same molding operation.
Il est à noter que la hauteur des goujons 9 est inférieure à celle des logements 10 du couvercle de manière à ce que la base de ceux-ci porte bien sur le profilé 5,7 de la chambre ou caniveau, pour constituer l'assise tripode 1.It should be noted that the height of the studs 9 is less than that of the housings 10 of the cover so that the base of these bears well on the section 5.7 of the chamber or gutter, to constitute the tripod seat 1.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention le fond des logements borgnes 10 du couvercle 3A 3B est percé d'un trou 11 permettant le passage d'une vis de fixation 12 destinée à se visser dans une partie filetée correspondante 14 des goujons 9 et à agir en serrage en prenant appui par sa tête 12a au fond d'une réservation supérieure 13 libre d'accès, ménagée dans le plan extérieur du couvercle 3A 3B. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention les vis de fixation 12 du couvercle 3A 3B débouchent à la partie inférieure des trous filetés correspondants 14 des goujons 9, dans un trou 15 s ' étendant radialement vers l'extérieur, de manière à permettre l'évacuation de l'eau et éviter la formation de rouille dans le corps du goujon 9.According to another characteristic of the invention, the bottom of the blind housings 10 of the cover 3A 3B is pierced with a hole 11 allowing the passage of a fixing screw 12 intended to be screwed into a corresponding threaded part 14 of the studs 9 and to act in clamping by taking support by its head 12a at the bottom of an upper reservation 13 free of access, formed in the outside plane of the cover 3A 3B. According to another characteristic of the invention, the fixing screws 12 of the cover 3A 3B open at the lower part of the corresponding threaded holes 14 of the studs 9, in a hole 15 extending radially outwards, so as to allow the water drainage and avoid the formation of rust in the body of the stud 9.
Comme le montre bien la figure 9 les goujons présentent une partie inférieure retrécie 9a traversant un trou correspondant 16 au profilé 5,7 en prenant appui par un épaulement 9b sur son plan horizontal supérieur et soudé péripher îquement sous son plan horizontal inférieur par une soudure 17. S'agissant d'un réceptacle 2 réalisé en béton armé, celui-ci comporte une armature métallique noyée dans le béton et formée d'un réseau de barres horizontales, verticales ou en arceaux, (non représentées) aux extrémités ou le long desquelles sont soudés les goujons 9, de manière à les rendre solidaires de ladite armature d'où du réceptacle.As can be seen in FIG. 9, the studs have a narrowed lower part 9a passing through a hole corresponding to the section 5.7 by taking support by a shoulder 9b on its upper horizontal plane and welded peripherally under its lower horizontal plane by a weld 17 . As it is a receptacle 2 made of reinforced concrete, it comprises a metal frame embedded in the concrete and formed by a network of horizontal, vertical or arched bars (not shown) at the ends or along which are welded the studs 9, so as to make them integral with said frame hence the receptacle.
Pour une description plus détaillée de ce point particulier, on se reportera au brevet français N° 99 02755 déposé par la demanderesse. Ceci est donné à titre indicatif car selon ce brevet, ce sont des manchons filetés qui sont rapportés aux extrémités des barres, de manière à permettre la seule fixation par vis du couvercle, alors que selon la présente invention, les goujons assurent également le centrage des points d'appui d'une assise tripode.For a more detailed description of this particular point, reference is made to French patent No. 99 02755 filed by the applicant. This is given as an indication because according to this patent, these are threaded sleeves which are attached to the ends of the bars, so as to allow only fixing by screws of the cover, while according to the present invention, the studs also ensure the centering of the support points of a tripod seat.
Comme le montrent les figures 10 et 11, en ce qui concerne les points intercalaires souples 4A, 4B, ceux- ci sont constitués par des patins insérés dans des logements borgnes 18 de forme sensiblement correspondante, réalisés en bordure périphérique inférieure du couvercle 3A 3B dans lesquels ils sont retenus par l'intermédiaire de plots de fixation 19 obtenus de matière avec eux et s ' engageant à force dans des trous 20 réalisés dans une paroi de fond 21, desdits logements borgnes 18.As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, as regards the flexible intermediate points 4A, 4B, these consist of pads inserted in blind housings 18 of substantially corresponding shape, produced at the lower peripheral edge of the cover 3A 3B in which they are retained by means of fixing studs 19 obtained integrally with them and engaging by force in holes 20 produced in a bottom wall 21, of said blind housings 18.
Comme on le remarquera sur lesdites figures 10 et 11, la hauteur des patins 4A est supérieure à celle des logements 18 qui les contiennent, de manière à tenir compte de leur écrasement.As will be noted in said Figures 10 and 11, the height of the pads 4A is greater than that of the housings 18 which contain them, so as to take account of their crushing.
Selon le présent exemple de réalisation, lesdits patins 4A sont globalement parai lèlepipédiques mais bien entendu ils pourraient également être de forme cylindrique .According to the present exemplary embodiment, said pads 4A are generally appearing to be pedipedic, but of course they could also be cylindrical in shape.
Préférentielle ent les patins intercalaires 4A sont réalisés en chloroprène résistant aux hydrocarbures, de dureté 90° Shore A.Preferably, the intermediate pads 4A are made of hydrocarbon resistant chloroprene, hardness 90 ° Shore A.
Selon une autre caractéristique de 1 ' invention représentée aux figures 12 et 13, le couvercle 3A 3B comporte en outre des moyens de retenue horizontale qui sont constitués d'une part par au moins un ergot fixe 22 traversant perpendiculairement un coté vertical 7a du profilé métallique 7 de la chambre ou caniveau et rendu solidaire de celui-ci par soudure 23 et d'autre part par une réservation 24 réalisée sur la périphérie latérale externe, ouverte à sa partie inférieure 24a et frontale 24b pour former un cavalier à flans coniques apte à chevaucher et à se centrer au montage, sur l'ergot fixe 22 du profilé.According to another characteristic of the invention shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the cover 3A 3B also comprises horizontal retaining means which consist on the one hand of at least one fixed lug 22 perpendicularly crossing a vertical side 7a of the metal profile 7 of the chamber or channel and made integral with it by welding 23 and on the other hand by a reservation 24 made on the external lateral periphery, open at its lower part 24a and front 24b to form a rider with conical blanks capable of overlap and center during assembly, on the fixed lug 22 of the profile.
Il est à noter qu'en toute logique, l'ergot fixe 22 se trouve du coté du réceptacle sur lequel ne prend appui que "* 'un des points IC de l'assise tripode 1 de chacun des couvercles 3A ou 3B.It should be noted that, logically, the fixed lug 22 is located on the side of the receptacle on which only " * 'one of the points IC of the tripod seat 1 of each of the covers 3A or 3B is supported.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, illustrée sur la figure 14, s'agissant d'un réceptacle à ouverture rectangulaire, comme dans le cas d'une chambre double, nécessitant la mise en oeuvre de deux couvercles successifs, ceux-ci comportent, sur leur bords jointifs 25, perpendiculaires aux bords longitudinaux supérieurs de la chambre 3A 3B recouverts du profilé métallique 5 et 7, des plans de joints complémentaires 26 et 27 se chevauchant, de formes telles à constituer une chicane 28 d'étanchéité à la poussière .According to another characteristic of the invention, illustrated in FIG. 14, in the case of a receptacle with rectangular opening, as in the case of a double chamber, requiring the use of two successive covers, these include , on their contiguous edges 25, perpendicular to the upper longitudinal edges of the chamber 3A 3B covered with the metal section 5 and 7, overlapping joint planes 26 and 27, of shapes such as to constitute a baffle 28 for sealing against dust .
En fait, le plan de joint 27 du couvercle 3A forme un plan décalé en S par rapport au plan supérieur dudit couvercle alors que le plan de joint 26 du couvercle 3B se trouve dans la continuité du plan supérieur de celui-ci pour venir s'appuyer complémentairement sur le plan 27 du couvercle 3A. II est à noter que s'il s'agissait de recouvrir par exemple un caniveau avec une succession de couvercles, ceux-ci pourraient être conçus de manière tout à fait identiques les uns aux autres, afin de succéder sans pour autant nécessiter des fabrications particulières pour chacun d'eux. Ladite figure 14 montre des zones de joints, central 25 et latéraux 28,In fact, the joint plane 27 of the cover 3A forms a plane offset in S relative to the upper plane of said cover while the joint plane 26 of the cover 3B is in the continuity of the upper plane thereof to come to bear additionally on the plane 27 of the cover 3A. It should be noted that if it was a question of covering, for example, a gutter with a succession of covers, these could be designed so as to be completely identical to each other, in order to succeed without requiring any particular manufacturing. for each of them. Said FIG. 14 shows joint zones, central 25 and lateral 28,
29 assurant une bonne étanchéité à la poussière des chambres 2A, 2B du réceptacle 2.29 ensuring a good dust-tightness of the chambers 2A, 2B of the receptacle 2.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention illustrée par les figures 15 à 20 et s'agissant d'un réceptacle 2 en béton armé, des moyens d'articulationAccording to another characteristic of the invention illustrated by FIGS. 15 to 20 and in the case of a receptacle 2 made of reinforced concrete, articulation means
30 du couvercle 3A 3B sont interposés entre celui-ci et l'un des bords longitudinaux supérieurs 5, 7 de la chambre ou caniveau et sont constitués d'une part par une anse 31 globalement en forme de U renversé dont les extrémités verticales sont noyées dans le béton et solidarisées par soudure à un élément de l'armature (non représentée) et dont sa branche horizontale 31b constitue un axe d'articulation destiné au couvercle 3A 3B et d'autre part par un crochet 32 obtenu de matière avec celui-ci et formant une ouverture 33 à l'une de ses extrémités 32a, pour s'engager sous l'axe d'articulation 31b de la chambre ou caniveau avant d'être verrouillé sur celui-ci par l'intermédiaire d'une goupille 34 traversant et se fixant sur une partie du couvercle 3A 3B en vis a vis de l'ouverture 32a du crochet 32, pour assurer la fermeture de celui- ci .30 of the cover 3A 3B are interposed between the latter and one of the upper longitudinal edges 5, 7 of the chamber or gutter and consist, on the one hand, of a handle 31 generally in the form of an inverted U, the vertical ends of which are embedded in concrete and secured by welding to an element of the reinforcement (not shown) and whose horizontal branch 31b constitutes a hinge pin intended for the cover 3A 3B and on the other hand by a hook 32 obtained integrally with it ci and forming an opening 33 at one of its ends 32a, to engage under the hinge pin 31b of the chamber or gutter before being locked on it by means of a pin 34 passing through and fixing on a part of the cover 3A 3B opposite the opening 32a of the hook 32, to ensure the closing thereof.
Comme le montrent les figures 18,19 et 20 la goupille 34 est une goupille fendue constituée par deux branches 34a et 34b élaεt îquement déformables au passage d'un trou 35 réalisé dans le couvercle 3A ou 3B. La même goupille comporte une tête de préhension 34c s 'étendant perpendiculairement à ses branches 34a et 34b en formant un anneau facilitant l'extraction de ladite goupille 34, s'il est nécessaire de devoir démonter complètement le couvercle.As shown in Figures 18,19 and 20 the pin 34 is a split pin made up of two branches 34a and 34b elaεt îque deformable when passing a hole 35 made in the cover 3A or 3B. The same pin has a gripping head 34c extending perpendicularly to its branches 34a and 34b by forming a ring facilitating the extraction of said pin 34, if it is necessary to have to completely disassemble the cover.
De manière à ne pas dépasser de la surface supérieure du couvercle 3A ou 3B l'anneau 34C de la goupille 34 est logé dans une réservation 36 obtenue de moulage sur ladite surface supérieure du couvercle.So as not to protrude from the upper surface of the cover 3A or 3B, the ring 34C of the pin 34 is housed in a reservation 36 obtained by molding on said upper surface of the cover.
Le fonctionnement du moyen d'articulation 30 formant charnière au couvercle 3A 3B est particulièrement bien illustré sur les figures 21 à 30 montrant la décomposition du mouvement en ouverture de 10° en 10° et cela jusqu'à 100° d'ouverture, de manière à répondre à l'exigence EN124, afin que ledit couvercle puisse rester ouvert sans risque de retombée sur le réceptacle au cours d'une intervention d'un personnel qualifié se trouvant par exemple à l'intérieur de celui-ci .The operation of the articulation means 30 forming a hinge to the cover 3A 3B is particularly well illustrated in FIGS. 21 to 30 showing the decomposition of the movement in opening from 10 ° to 10 ° and this up to 100 ° of opening, so to meet the requirement EN124, so that said cover can remain open without risk of falling on the receptacle during an intervention by qualified personnel being for example inside thereof.
Les figures 31 à 40 illustrent également de 10° en 10° le retour en fermeture d'un couvercle autour du même moyen d'articulation 30. Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention représentée à la figure 41, s'agissant d'un réceptacle cylindrique à ouverture circulaire, le couvercle 3, de forme correspondante, comporte d'une part une assise tripode dont ses points d'appui durs ( 1A IB IC) sont situés sous son bord périphérique inférieur et forment entre eux des angles au centre de 120° et d'autre part au moins trois points d'appui intercalaires souples (4A) disposés symét iquement entre chaque point d'appui dur ( 1A IB IC) de l'assise tripode et forment donc entre eux des angles au centre de 120° également. Bien entendu, comme le montre également la figure 41, les points d'appui intercalaires souples 4A peuvent être multipliés par deux pourvu qu'ils restent equidistants de manière à respecter un équilibre, alors que les points d'appui durs A, B, C doivent nécessairement être au nombre de trois. Figures 31 to 40 also illustrate from 10 ° to 10 ° the return in closing of a cover around the same hinge means 30. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 41, with regard to a cylindrical receptacle with circular opening, the cover 3, of corresponding shape, comprises on the one hand a tripod seat whose hard support points (1A IB IC) are located under its lower peripheral edge and form between them central angles 120 ° and on the other hand at least three flexible intermediate support points (4A) arranged symmetrically between each hard support point (1A IB IC) of the tripod seat and therefore form between them angles at the center of 120 ° also. Of course, as also shown in FIG. 41, the flexible intermediate support points 4A can be multiplied by two provided that they remain equidistant so as to respect a balance, while the hard support points A, B, C must necessarily be three in number.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de liaison stable, du type tripode (1), interposé entre d'une part un réceptacle (2) notamment un caisson, monobloc ou étage, formant une ou plusieurs chambres (2A 2B) , ou un caniveau constitué d'éléments successifs, globalement en forme de U, et d'autre part au moins un couvercle (3A 3B) ou grille, destiné à recouvrir de manière amovible une partie ouverte supérieure du réceptacle (2) par l'intermédiaire de trois points d'appui (1A IB IC) interposés, entre une zone périphérique supérieure du réceptacle (2) et une zone correspondante inférieure du couvercle (3A ou 3B) , caractérisé en ce que des points d'appui intercalaires (4A 4B) relativement souples, sont disposés en combinaison sur la périphérie du couvercle (3A ou 3B) entre les points d'assise tripode (1) qui sont formés par des éléments durs, de manière à permettre la répartition équilibrée et stable de ceux- ci en périphérie dudit couvercle (3A 3B) lorsque sa forme n'est pas triangulaire, les points intercalaires souples (4A 4B) n'ayant pas d'incidence sur l'assise tripode (1), tout en compensant les zones non soutenues par celle-ci .1. Stable connection device, of the tripod type (1), interposed between on the one hand a receptacle (2) in particular a box, monobloc or stage, forming one or more chambers (2A 2B), or a gutter made up of elements successive, generally U-shaped, and on the other hand at least one cover (3A 3B) or grid, intended to removably cover an upper open part of the receptacle (2) by means of three support points ( 1A IB IC) interposed between an upper peripheral zone of the receptacle (2) and a corresponding lower zone of the cover (3A or 3B), characterized in that relatively flexible intermediate support points (4A 4B) are arranged in combination on the periphery of the cover (3A or 3B) between the tripod seat points (1) which are formed by hard elements, so as to allow balanced and stable distribution of these on the periphery of said cover (3A 3B) when its shape is not triangular ular, the flexible intermediate points (4A 4B) having no incidence on the tripod seat (1), while compensating for the areas not supported by it.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que s'agissant d'une chambre ou caniveau à ouverture quadrangulaire , le couvercle carré ou rectangulaire (3A 3B) comporte d'une part une assise tripode 1 dont deux de ses points d'appui ( 1A IB) sont situés sur un même cote, a proximité de deux angles consécutifs, alors que son troisième point d'appui (IC) est situé dans une zone médiane du coté opposé du couvercle et d'autre part deux points d'appui intercalaires souples (4A 4B) disposés de part et d'autre dudit troisième point (3C) de l'assise tripode 1, à proximité des deux autres angles du couvercle (3A 3B) , non soutenus par l'assise tripode (1).2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that being a room or channel with quadrangular opening, the square or rectangular cover (3A 3B) comprises on the one hand a tripod seat 1 including two of its points support (1A IB) are located on the same dimension, near two consecutive angles, while its third support point (IC) is located in a median area on the opposite side of the cover and on the other hand two flexible intermediate support points (4A 4B) arranged on either side of said third point (3C) of the tripod seat 1, near the two other corners of the cover (3A 3B), not supported by the tripod seat (1).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que s'agissant d'une chambre ou cuve à ouverture circulaire, le couvercle (3) de forme correspondante comporte, d'une part une assise tripode dont ses points d'appui durs ( 1A IB IC) sont situés sous son bord périphérique inférieur et forment entre eux des angles au centre de 120°, et d'autre part au moins trois points d'appui intercalaires souples (4A) disposés symétriquement entre chaque point d'appui dur (1A IB IC) de l'assise tripode et forment donc entre eux des angles au centre de 120° également.3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that being a chamber or tank with circular opening, the cover (3) of corresponding shape comprises, on the one hand a tripod seat including its hard support points ( 1A IB IC) are located under its lower peripheral edge and form between them central angles of 120 °, and on the other hand at least three flexible intermediate support points (4A) arranged symmetrically between each hard support point ( 1A IB IC) of the tripod seat and therefore form between them angles at the center of 120 ° also.
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que s'agissant d'une chambre ou caniveau à ouverture rectangulaire nécessitant la mise en oeuvre d'au moins deux couvercles successifs (3A 3B) , les trois points d'appui durs ( 1A IB IC) de l'assise tripode (1) ainsi que les deux points d'appui intercalaires souples (4A 4B) sont répartis sur les couvercles (3A 3B) de manière à venir en contact de part et d'autre des cotés longitudinaux supérieurs (2a 2b) de la chambre (2A 2B) ou du caniveau.4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that, being a chamber or gutter with rectangular opening requiring the implementation of at least two successive covers (3A 3B), the three hard support points (1A IB IC) of the tripod seat (1) and the two flexible intermediate support points (4A 4B) are distributed over the covers (3A 3B) so as to come into contact on either side of the upper longitudinal sides (2a 2b) of the chamber (2A 2B) or of the gutter.
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que s'agissant d'une chambre ou caniveau en béton armé, les bordures longitudinales (2a 2b) et transversales (2c 2d) de ses parois périphériques verticales sont recouvertes d'un profilé métallique, dont les faces principales internes (5 6 7 8) forment un épaulement définissant un plan sensiblement horizontal destiné à recevoir les bords correspondants du couvercle (3A 3B) , par l'intermédiaire des points d'appui durs ( 1A IB IC) de l'assise tripode 1 et des points d'appui intercalaires souples (4A 4B) , ledit profilé et ledit couvercle comportant des moyens complémentaires (9 et 10) de centrage et de retenue axiale, transversale et longitudinale de ce dernier constituant l'assise tripode.5. Device according to one of claims 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that, being a chamber or gutter in reinforced concrete, the longitudinal (2a 2b) and transverse (2c 2d) edges of its vertical peripheral walls are covered with a metal profile, the main internal faces of which (5 6 7 8) form a shoulder defining a substantially horizontal plane intended to receive the corresponding edges of the cover (3A 3B), by means of the hard support points (1A IB IC) of the tripod seat 1 and the support points flexible spacers (4A 4B), said profile and said cover comprising complementary means (9 and 10) for centering and axial, transverse and longitudinal retention of the latter constituting the tripod seat.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens complémentaires de centrage et de retenue axiale, transversale et longitudinale du couvercle (3A 3B) sur la chambre (2A 2B) ou caniveau, sont formés d'une part par trois goujons (9) rapportés solidairement et de manière perpendiculaire sur les plan horizontaux longitudinaux (5 et 7) du profilé métallique de la chambre (2A 2B) ou caniveau et d'autre part par trois logements borgnes (10) de forme sensiblement correspondante à celle des goujons (9) et ménagés en regard de ceux-ci sur l'envers du couvercle (3A 3B) .6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the complementary means of centering and axial, transverse and longitudinal retention of the cover (3A 3B) on the chamber (2A 2B) or gutter, are formed on the one hand by three studs (9) attached integrally and perpendicularly to the longitudinal horizontal planes (5 and 7) of the metal profile of the chamber (2A 2B) or gutter and on the other hand by three blind housings (10) of shape substantially corresponding to that of studs (9) and arranged opposite them on the back of the cover (3A 3B).
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les goujons 9 sont constitués par des plots cylindriques alors que les logements (10) du couvercle (3A 3B) présentent sur leur surface latérale interne une dépouille 10a les rendant de configuration tronconique pour faciliter le centrage au moment de la pose dudit couvercle (3A 3B) , lesdits logements 10 présentant également une ouverture latérale partielle 10b dirigée vers l'extérieur, de manière à permettre au couvercle une prise d'angle, par soulèvement unilatéral, au moment de la dépose.7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the studs 9 are constituted by cylindrical studs while the housings (10) of the cover (3A 3B) have on their internal lateral surface a relief 10a making them of frustoconical configuration to facilitate centering at the time of fitting of said cover (3A 3B), said housings 10 also having a partial lateral opening 10b directed towards the outside, so as to allow the cover an angle grip, by unilateral lifting, at the time of removal.
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérise en ce que la hauteur des goujons (9) est inférieure à celle des logements (10) du couvercle, de manière à ce que la base de ceux-ci porte sur le profilé (5,7) de la chambre ou caniveau, pour constituer l'assise tripode (1).8. Device according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the height of the studs (9) is less than that of the housings (10) of the cover, so that the base of these bears on the profile (5,7) of the chamber or channel, to constitute the tripod seat (1).
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le fond des logements borgnes9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the bottom of the blind housings
(10) du couvercle (3A 3B) sont percés d'un trou (11) permettant le passage d'une vis de fixation (12) destinée à se visser dans une partie filetée correspondante (14) des goujons (9) et à agir en serrage en prenant appui par sa tête (12a) au fond d'une réservation supérieure (13) libre d'accès, ménagée dans le plan extérieur du couvercle (3A 3B) .(10) of the cover (3A 3B) are pierced with a hole (11) allowing the passage of a fixing screw (12) intended to be screwed into a corresponding threaded part (14) of the studs (9) and to act in clamping by taking support by its head (12a) at the bottom of a free upper reservation (13), arranged in the outside plane of the cover (3A 3B).
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les vis de fixation (12) du couvercle (3A 3B) débouchent a la partie inférieure des trous filetés correspondants (14) des goujons (9), dans un trou (15) s ' étendant radialement vers l'extérieur, de manière à permettre l'évacuation de l'eau et éviter la formation de rouille dans le corps du goujon (9). 10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the fixing screws (12) of the cover (3A 3B) open at the bottom of the corresponding threaded holes (14) of the studs (9), in a hole (15) s 'extending radially outwards, so as to allow the evacuation of water and prevent the formation of rust in the body of the stud (9).
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérise en ce que les goujons (9) présentent une partie inférieure retrecie (9a) traversant un trou correspondant (16) du profile (5, 7) en prenant appui par un épaulement (9b) sur son plan horizontal supérieur et soude perîpher îque ent sous son plan horizontal inférieur par une soudure (17) 11. Device according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the studs (9) have a narrowed lower part (9a) passing through a corresponding hole (16) of the profile (5, 7) supported by a shoulder (9b) on its upper horizontal plane and soda peripheral under its lower horizontal plane by a weld (17)
12. Dispositif selon les revendications 6 à 11 caractérisé en ce que s'agissant d'une chambre ou caniveau en béton armé ceux-ci comportent une armature métallique noyée dans le béton et formée d'un réseau de barres horizontales, verticales ou en arceaux, aux extrémités ou le long desquelles sont soudés les goujons (9) , de manière à les rendre solidaires de ladite armature d'où de la chambre ou du caniveau.12. Device according to claims 6 to 11 characterized in that, being a chamber or gutter in reinforced concrete, these comprise a metal frame embedded in the concrete and formed by a network of horizontal, vertical or hoop bars , at the ends or along which the studs (9) are welded, so as to make them integral with said frame from which the chamber or the gutter.
13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12 caractérisé en ce que les points d'appui intercalaires souples (4A 4B) sont constitués par des patins insérés dans des logements borgnes (18) de forme sensiblement correspondante, réalisés en bordure périphérique inférieure du couvercle (3A 3B) dans lesquels ils sont retenus par l'intermédiaire de plots de fixation (19) obtenus de matière avec eux et s 'engageant à force dans des trous (20) réalisés dans une paroi de fond (21) , desdits logements borgnes (18) .13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12 characterized in that the flexible intermediate support points (4A 4B) are constituted by pads inserted in blind housings (18) of substantially corresponding shape, made at the lower peripheral edge of the cover (3A 3B) in which they are retained by means of fixing studs (19) obtained integrally with them and engaging by force in holes (20) made in a bottom wall (21), of said blind housing (18).
14. Dispositif selon la revendication 13 caractérisé en ce que les patins intercalaires (4A) sont réalisés en chloroprène résistant aux hydrocarbures, de dureté 90° Shore A.14. Device according to claim 13 characterized in that the intermediate pads (4A) are made of hydrocarbon resistant chloroprene, hardness 90 ° Shore A.
15. Dispositif selon les revendications 5 à 13 caractérisé en ce que le couvercle (3A 3B) comporte en outre des moyens de retenue horizontale qui sont constitués d'une part par au moins un ergot fixe (22) traversant perpendiculairement un coté vertical 7a du profilé métallique (7) de la chambre ou caniveau et rendu solidaire de celui-ci par oudu e (23) et d'autre part par une réservation (24) réalisée sur la périphérie latérale externe, ouverte à sa partie inférieure et frontale (24a) et (24b) pour former un cavalier à flans coniques apte à chevaucher et à se centrer au montage sur l'ergot fixe (22) du profilé.15. Device according to claims 5 to 13 characterized in that the cover (3A 3B) further comprises horizontal retaining means which are constituted on the one hand by at least one fixed lug (22) perpendicularly crossing a vertical side 7a of the metal profile (7) of the chamber or gutter and made integral therewith by oudu e (23) and on the other hand by a reservation (24) made on the external lateral periphery, open at its lower and front part (24a ) and (24b) to form a rider with conical blanks capable of overlapping and centering for mounting on the fixed lug (22) of the profile.
16. Dispositif selon les revendications 5 à 15, caractérisé en ce que s'agissant d'une chambre ou caniveau à ouverture rectangulaire nécessitant la mise en oeuvre d'au moins deux couvercles successifs (3A 3B) ceux-ci comportent, sur leur bords jointifs (25), perpendiculaires aux bords longitudinaux supérieurs de la chambre (3A 3B) ou du caniveau, recouverts du profilé métallique (5 et 7) , des plans de joints complémentaires (26 et 27) se chevauchant, de formes telles à constituer une chicane (28) d'étanchéité à la poussière.16. Device according to claims 5 to 15, characterized in that in the case of a chamber or gutter with rectangular opening requiring the use of at least two successive covers (3A 3B) these comprise, on their edges contiguous (25), perpendicular to the upper longitudinal edges of the chamber (3A 3B) or of the gutter, covered with the metal profile (5 and 7), overlapping planes of joint (26 and 27), of such shapes as to constitute a dustproof baffle (28).
17. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 16 caractérisé en ce que s'agissant d'une chambre ou caniveau en béton armé des moyens d'articulation (30) du couvercle (3A 3B) sont interposés entre celui-ci et l'un des bords longitudinaux supérieurs (5, 7) de la chambre ou caniveau et sont constitués d'une part par une anse (31) globalement en forme de U renversé dont les extrémités verticales sont noyées dans le béton et solidarisées par soudure à un élément de l'armature et dont sa branche horizontale (31b) constitue un axe d'articulation destiné au couvercle (3A 3B) et d'autre part par un crochet (32) obtenu de matière avec celui- ci et formant une ouverture (33) à l'une de ses extrémités (32a), pour s'engager sous l'axe d'articulation (31b) de la chambre ou caniveau avant d'être verrouille sur celui-ci par l'intermédiaire d'une goupille (34) traversant et se tixant sur une partie du couvercle ( 3 3B) en vis a vis de l'ouverture (32a) du crochet (32), pour assurer la fermeture de celui-ci .17. Device according to any one of claims 5 to 16 characterized in that in the case of a chamber or gutter in reinforced concrete articulation means (30) of the cover (3A 3B) are interposed between the latter and one of the upper longitudinal edges (5, 7) of the chamber or gutter and are formed on the one hand by a handle (31) generally in the shape of an inverted U whose vertical ends are embedded in the concrete and secured by welding to an element of the frame and whose horizontal branch (31b) constitutes a hinge pin intended for the cover (3A 3B) and on the other hand by a hook (32) obtained integrally with it and forming an opening ( 33) at one of its ends (32a), to engage under the articulation axis (31b) of the chamber or gutter before being locked onto it by means of a pin ( 34) passing through and being fixed on a part of the cover (3 3B) opposite the opening (32a) of the hook (32), to ensure the closure thereof.
18. Ensemble de réceptacle et de couvercle caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif de liaison intermédiaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17. 18. A receptacle and cover assembly characterized in that it comprises an intermediate connection device according to any one of claims 1 to 17.
PCT/FR2000/002327 1999-08-19 2000-08-17 Stable tripod-type linking device, inserted between a receptacle and a lid, and resulting assembly WO2001014647A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR99/10688 1999-08-19
FR9910688A FR2797647B1 (en) 1999-08-19 1999-08-19 STABLE CONNECTION DEVICE OF THE TRIPOD TYPE INTERPOSED BETWEEN A RECEPTABLE AND A COVER FORMING AN ASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY THUS CONSTITUTED

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GB2567822A (en) * 2017-10-24 2019-05-01 Wrekin Holdings Ltd A ground surface access assembly with safety features

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 09 31 July 1998 (1998-07-31) *

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FR2797647A1 (en) 2001-02-23
FR2797647B1 (en) 2001-10-19

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