WO1999055936A1 - Werkzeugbeschichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Werkzeugbeschichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999055936A1 WO1999055936A1 PCT/EP1999/002853 EP9902853W WO9955936A1 WO 1999055936 A1 WO1999055936 A1 WO 1999055936A1 EP 9902853 W EP9902853 W EP 9902853W WO 9955936 A1 WO9955936 A1 WO 9955936A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tools
- layer
- range
- heat treatment
- coating
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
Definitions
- Tools made of high-speed steel, carbide tools and cermet tools have recently been coated with TiAlN and TiAlYN and with TiAlCrYN and with TiAlScN and with TiAlCrScN or TiAlYScN or TiAlCrYScN.
- the proportion of Y or Sc or La is preferably about 0.01 to 10 at%.
- Y yttrium
- Sc scandium
- La lanthanum
- the layer structure is weakened, above all, by thermal stresses and, with increasing wear, is shattered with increasing temperature.
- the object of the invention is to eliminate these disadvantages and to ensure improved and controllable wear behavior of the coated tools while optimizing the layer properties.
- This object is achieved according to the invention for tools made of high-speed steel, for hard metal tools and cermet tools which are coated in particular with TiAlN, TiAlYN, TiAlCrYN, TiAlScN, TiAlCrScN, TiAlYScN, TiAlLaN, TiAlCrLaN, TiAlYLaN, TiAlYScLaN, TiAlCrYScN, TiAlCrYLaN or TiAlCrYScLaN, wherein the coatings preferably have a proportion of Y or Sc or La in the range from 0.01 to 10 at% treatment and the layer has a heat in the range of 700 ° C to 1 100 ° C for a period of about 0.5 to 10 hours.
- 3a to 3c are schematic representations of the wear behavior of layers at increasing temperatures
- Heat treatment shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a PVD coating system that can be used to produce the coating
- Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of a layer structure on a substrate.
- TiAlN layers show a significantly improved oxidation behavior (Fig. La).
- TiN oxidizes spontaneously and is directly and completely converted to TiO 2 (rutile) (Fig. Lb).
- TiAlN forms a protective layer that follows a parabolic growth law.
- the reason for this is a double layer consisting of a top layer rich in AI2O3 and an underlying layer rich in TiO2, the growth rate of which is significantly reduced by the presence of AI2O3 (D. McLntyre, JE Greene, G. Häkansson, J.-E. Sundgren , W.-D. Münz, J. Appl. Phys. 67 (1990) 1542).
- the oxidation behavior can be further improved by adding Cr and Y (LA Donohue, IJ Smith, W.-D. Münz, I. Petrov, JE Greene, Surf. Coat. Technol 94-95 (1997) 226). While the incorporation of 3 at% Cr hardly influences the crystalline structure of the TiAlN layer (the X-ray diffraction spectra of TiAlN and Tio, 44Alo, 53Cro, ⁇ 3N are practically identical), the incorporation of only 2 at% Y leads to a complete change in the Texture ((111) - »(200)) (Fig. 2) and a significant increase in the residual stresses in the layer (3 GPa ⁇ 7 GPa).
- the residual stress leads to a reduction in the adhesive strength and to a deterioration in the tribological properties of the layer.
- Fig. 3 clearly illustrates the situation. At a test temperature of 600 ° C the wear of the Y-containing layer is practically 6 times higher than that of Tio, 44Alo, 53Cro, ⁇ 3N.
- the wear of the Y-containing layer drops sharply with increasing test temperature, although at 800 ° C the wear of the Y-containing layer is still 2 times higher than that of the Y-free layer.
- Fig. 3c shows that at test temperatures of 400 ° C and 600 ° C there are hardly any differences between Y-containing and Y-free TiAlN layers, but the behavior compared to untreated Y-containing layers is significantly improved. Tests at 800 ° C and 900 ° C show that the heat-treated layers are clearly better than the comparable examples in Figures 3a and 3b.
- TiAlN and TiAlCrN perform better than TiAlCrYN.
- TiAlCrYN is slightly better than TiAlN and TiAlCrN.
- TiAlCrYN as good as TiAlN and TiAlCrN; at 800 ° C: TiAlCrYN slightly better than untreated TiAlN and TiAlCrN; at 900 ° C: TiAlCrYN better than untreated TiAlN and TiAlCrN and also better than untreated TiAlCrYN.
- the reduced gradient of the lattice parameters as a function of sin ⁇ of the heat-treated layer indicates significantly reduced internal stresses that can be calculated with 3.5 GPa and are practically the same are - as mentioned above - with Y-free layers.
- the straight line with a steep rise corresponds to an internal stress of 7 GPa. (DB Lewis, LA Donohue, W.-D. Münz, R. Kuzel, V. Valvoda, CJ Blomfield, Surf. Coat. Technol. Vol. 114 2/3 (1999))
- Fig. 5 (L.A. Donohue et al.) Shows a clear segregation of Y at the grain boundaries.
- the heat treatment according to the invention should preferably be carried out
- the coating is carried out by the so-called ABS TM process (Are Bond Sputtering) according to EP patent 0 439 561.
- the substrates are pre-treated in a vacuum and before coating with Cr + (energy: 1200 eV) to create an anchoring zone that guarantees optimal layer adhesion.
- the coating is done with so-called unbalanced magnetrons.
- Fig. 6 shows a schematic cross section of a coating system, which is equipped with four vertically arranged, rectangular cathodes (linear cathodes 600 x 200 mm).
- the magnets of the magnetrons are arranged so that they form closed magnetic field lines.
- the unbalancing effect is achieved by electromagnets, whose magnetic fields are polarized in such a way that they reinforce the outer poles of the magnetrons and the closed field path is also supported.
- a cath target is coated with a Cr target.
- This target is operated as a "steered arc" (cathodic arc discharge) during the metal ion etching treatment.
- the arrangement can be such that it can be operated in either arc or magnetron mode.
- the fourth cathode has a target consisting of 48 at% Ti, 48 at% Al and 4 at% Y 10
- the Cr cathode is only operated at low power during the coating, for example 0.5 kW, in order to be protected against coating with scattering material originating from the TiAl targets.
- the low Cr content has no primary or special meaning.
- the TiAl cathodes (with and without Y) are typically operated at 8 kW.
- the substrates are held on a turntable that rotates during coating.
- the substrate or the test specimen or a special tool either takes up pure TiAl or TiAlY or Cr, ie materials which are deposited as nitride because of the reactive atmosphere (Ar and N 2) .
- the CrN layer is as expected to be particularly thin and should also be mixed with TiAlN due to the scattering effects of the two neighboring TiAl cathodes.
- Fig. 7 also shows that the Y in this sputtering cathode geometry is also layered, distributed in a TiAl matrix.
- This layered Y installation has proven particularly successful (see EP 97 01 234), provided the layers are heated above 900 ° C in use or thermally stabilized in an additional heat treatment step after coating.
- element Y was described as oxidation-stabilizing and interface-stabilizing element.
- yttrium can also by group III in the periodic system of elements, in particular 1 1
- Sc and La must also cause the grain boundaries to segregate in order to avoid high internal stresses and the TiAlN layers even at temperatures below 800 ° C to make usable.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU40341/99A AU4034199A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | Tool coating and method for the production thereof |
EP99923473A EP1080248A1 (de) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | Werkzeugbeschichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19818782.3 | 1998-04-27 | ||
DE1998118782 DE19818782A1 (de) | 1998-04-27 | 1998-04-27 | Werkzeugbeschichtung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999055936A1 true WO1999055936A1 (de) | 1999-11-04 |
Family
ID=7865933
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/002853 WO1999055936A1 (de) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | Werkzeugbeschichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1080248A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4034199A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19818782A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999055936A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7217466B2 (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2007-05-15 | Joerg Guehring | Wear-resistant coating for metal-removing tools, particularly for rotary metal-cutting tools |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100594333B1 (ko) * | 2002-01-31 | 2006-06-30 | 미쓰비시 마테리알 가부시키가이샤 | 경질 피복층을 가진 표면 피복 절삭 공구 부재 및 이 경질피복층을 절삭 공구 표면에 형성하는 방법 |
DE10347981A1 (de) | 2003-10-15 | 2005-07-07 | Gühring, Jörg, Dr. | Verschleißschutzschicht für spanabhebende Werkzeuge, insbesondere für rotierende Zerspanungswerkzeuge |
JP4713413B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-30 | 2011-06-29 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 硬質皮膜およびその製造方法 |
JP2009120912A (ja) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-06-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 硬質皮膜を備えた耐摩耗性部材 |
JP5234926B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-24 | 2013-07-10 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 硬質皮膜および硬質皮膜形成用ターゲット |
JP5193153B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-02 | 2013-05-08 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 硬質皮膜、塑性加工用金型、塑性加工方法、及び硬質皮膜用ターゲット |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0403461A1 (de) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-19 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Beschichteter Schneideinsatz |
-
1998
- 1998-04-27 DE DE1998118782 patent/DE19818782A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-04-27 EP EP99923473A patent/EP1080248A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-27 WO PCT/EP1999/002853 patent/WO1999055936A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-04-27 AU AU40341/99A patent/AU4034199A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0403461A1 (de) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-19 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Beschichteter Schneideinsatz |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
JEHN ET AL.: "Surface and interface characterization of heat-treated (Ti,Al)N coatings on high speed steel substrates", THIN SOLID FILMS, vol. 153, 1987, LAUSANNE CH, pages 45 - 53, XP002114326 * |
MUNZ, W. -D. ET AL: "TiAlN based PVD coatings tailored for dry cutting operations", ANNU. TECH. CONF. PROC. - SOC. VAC. COATERS (1997), 40TH, 89-93, 1997, XP002114328 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7217466B2 (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2007-05-15 | Joerg Guehring | Wear-resistant coating for metal-removing tools, particularly for rotary metal-cutting tools |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1080248A1 (de) | 2001-03-07 |
AU4034199A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
DE19818782A1 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
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