WO1999026450A1 - Systeme de haut-parleur - Google Patents
Systeme de haut-parleur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999026450A1 WO1999026450A1 PCT/JP1998/005199 JP9805199W WO9926450A1 WO 1999026450 A1 WO1999026450 A1 WO 1999026450A1 JP 9805199 W JP9805199 W JP 9805199W WO 9926450 A1 WO9926450 A1 WO 9926450A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- baffle plate
- speaker
- speaker unit
- speaker system
- enclosure
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
- H04R1/021—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein incorporating only one transducer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
- H04R1/025—Arrangements for fixing loudspeaker transducers, e.g. in a box, furniture
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a speaker system, and particularly to a technology for improving sound quality.
- the sound wave leaking from the enclosure interferes with the direct sound from the speaker system and disturbs the frequency characteristics.
- the phase of the sound pressure in the enclosure ⁇ increases. Easy to align, causing sharp interference.
- the speaker unit 1 is attached by bringing the inner surface of the flange portion 2 of the outer peripheral portion into close contact with the front surface of the baffle plate 4 of the enclosure 3,
- the speaker unit 1 is mounted such that the outer surface of the flange portion 2 and the rear surface of the baffle plate 4 are in close contact with each other.
- the low-frequency characteristics of a speaker system are limited to the lowest resonance frequency of the unit, and if the enclosure in which it is installed has sufficient capacity, the conditions for reproducing the lowest resonance frequency of the unit must be met.
- the low frequency characteristics of the speaker system are affected by the effect of the inertial vibration of the air panel inside the enclosure on the diaphragm. And adversely affect the transient characteristics.
- the mounting capacity is smaller than the enclosure's required capacity, the attenuation of the low-frequency characteristics becomes significant.
- a speedy unit having a large-diameter diaphragm is suitable for low-frequency reproduction, but the use of this large-diameter diaphragm increases the capacity of the enclosure, and inevitably increases the size of the speaker system.
- speaker systems for reproducing low-frequency sounds are generally large and heavy, and are expensive and have poor maneuverability.
- a speaker unit 5 is attached to an auxiliary baffle plate 6, and this is attached to the cabinet (enclosure). 7
- An R-J type cabinet that is attached to the front baffle plate 8 at an interval is known.
- a partition plate is opposed to the diaphragm at a predetermined distance behind the diaphragm, and the inner peripheral side of the acoustic space formed by the partition plate and the diaphragm is placed in a space in the speaker box. It is configured so that it communicates and the outer side is opened to the front side of the speaker box via a vent ring It has been proposed (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-1955796).
- the space formed by the partition plate and the diaphragm communicates with the space in the speaker box on the inner peripheral side, and is open to the front of the speaker box on the outer peripheral side. It functions as a duct that effectively guides the bass output, and enhances bass.
- a speaker plate is formed by integrally attaching a diaphragm, that is, a partition plate and a vent hole ring to a cone, thereby forming a space as described above. Because of this configuration, the speaker unit itself must have special specifications and cannot be easily applied to the existing speed system.
- the present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems as described above.
- the speaker system can be easily improved by simply improving a structure for mounting a speaker unit to an enclosure on a baffle plate.
- the objective is to improve the low frequency characteristics and transient characteristics of the loudspeaker system while reducing the size and weight.
- the purpose is to extend the low-frequency characteristics and improve the sound quality of the entire region.
- the speaker system according to the second aspect satisfies the following (1) to (4).
- the bass frequency characteristics can be enhanced, and at the same time, the characteristics at other frequencies are prevented from being disturbed.
- a speaker system including an enclosure and a speaker unit attached to an opening of a baffle plate on a front surface of the enclosure,
- a predetermined ventilation path formed along substantially the entire inner circumference of the opening of the baffle plate and communicating between the inside and outside of the enclosure is provided at the outer periphery of the speaker unit.
- a spacer is used at the mounting screw position of the unit, and an optimal value is set for the space volume evenly provided between the woofer unit frame periphery and the baffle surface.
- Such a predetermined ventilation path communicating between the inside and outside of the enclosure functions as a sound hole, and emits resonance sound inside the enclosure by bass reflex operation, thereby enhancing the bass range.
- the air passage is formed in the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit along substantially the entire inner circumference of the opening of the baffle plate, the speaker channel is formed. Air flows uniformly in and out of the outer perimeter of the unit, and the curve of the cone paper of the speaker unit is gently formed toward the ventilation path. Therefore, the pile receiving the cone paper due to the change in air pressure inside the enclosure. Is effectively reduced, and the sound quality can be improved more effectively.
- the air passage is formed at a position close to the speaker unit, it is possible to enhance the bass frequency characteristics and prevent the characteristics from being disturbed at other frequencies.
- the speaker unit may be configured to be attached to the baffle plate such that a gap serving as the ventilation path is formed between the rear surface of the outer peripheral portion and the front surface of the baffle plate.
- the speaker unit can be configured to be attached to the baffle plate such that a gap serving as the ventilation path is formed between the front surface of the outer peripheral portion and the rear surface of the baffle plate.
- the gap is formed by interposing a plurality of spacers between the inner surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit and the front surface of the baffle plate or between the outer surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit and the back surface of the baffle plate. can do.
- the spacer can be formed by forming the spacer from a substantially tubular member, and fixing a fixture penetrating the substantially tubular member to an outer peripheral portion of the speed unit and a baffle plate.
- the spacer is formed of a material having a predetermined vibration absorption rate.
- the spacer is made of a material having a large vibration absorption such as a resin such as rubber or a small material such as a metal depending on the design intention, it is possible to control the resonance of the baffle plate. is there. Further, the spacer can be integrally formed on a speaker unit or a baffle plate.
- the speed unit is connected to the rear surface of the outer peripheral portion.
- the front surface of the baffle plate is attached to the baffle plate such that a gap portion serving as the air passage is formed between the speaker unit and the rear surface of the speaker unit.
- a plurality of spacer portions projecting from the outer periphery of the speaker unit and a ring-shaped rib portion located at a position rearward from the rear surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit and connecting the spacers to each other. It can also be formed by attaching to the front of the baffle plate.
- the speaker unit when configured to be attached to the baffle plate such that a gap portion serving as the ventilation path is formed between the front surface of the outer peripheral portion and the rear surface of the baffle plate, A plurality of spacers protruding forward from the front surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit, and a ring-shaped member positioned at a position forward from the front surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit and interconnecting the respective spacers. It is also possible to form it by integrally forming the rib portion and, and attaching the rib portion to the rear surface of the baffle plate.
- the gap portion is formed by integrally molding a plurality of rib portions constituting a spacer around the opening portion of the baffle plate to form a groove on the inner peripheral surface of the rib portion, and the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit. It can be formed by forming a plurality of mounting pieces protruding outwardly and fitting the mounting pieces into the grooves of the ribs while rotating the speaker unit.
- a plurality of gaps are formed between the inner surface of the speaker unit outer periphery and the front surface of the baffle plate, or between the outer surface of the speed unit and the back surface of the baffle plate.
- the speaker unit is formed such that a gap serving as the ventilation path is formed between the rear surface of the outer peripheral portion and the front surface of the baffle plate.
- the gap portion is formed by extending an upper wall portion and a lower wall portion of the enclosure 1 forward, respectively, and a pair of left and right support members disposed on the front surface of the baffle plate. The end portions are connected to the extending portions, the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit is attached to the support member, and the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit is separated from the baffle plate.
- a mounting piece having a plurality of openings serving as the air passages may be integrally formed on the outer periphery of the speaker unit, and the mounting piece may be mounted on the outer surface or the inner surface of the baffle plate.
- a mounting piece protruding from the inner peripheral surface of the opening of the baffle plate is formed, while a mounting piece protruding from the outer peripheral surface of the speaker unit is formed, and the mounting piece is attached to the mounting piece.
- a gap portion serving as the air passage can be formed between the peripheral surface and the outer periphery of the speed unit.
- the enclosure has a bass reflex port or a bass emission hole for a bass reflex.
- the resonance frequency of the bass reflex port ⁇ the bass radiating hole is set as low as possible. Thereby, the peripheral sound pressure can be increased.
- the speaker system of the second invention satisfies the following (1) to (4).
- a speaker system including an enclosure and a speaker unit attached to an opening of a baffle plate on a front surface of the enclosure
- a gap is formed between the rear surface of the speaker unit and the front surface of the baffle plate along substantially the entire inner periphery of the opening of the baffle plate, and serves as a predetermined ventilation path communicating between the inside and outside of the vent opening jar. Attached to the baffle plate so that a part is formed,
- An annular plate-shaped rim is provided on the rear surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit to adjust the area of the rear surface of the outer periphery and the front surface of the baffle plate.
- a speaker system including: an enclosure; and a speaker unit attached to an opening of a knofle plate on a front surface of the enclosure.
- An annular plate-shaped rim is provided on the front surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit for adjusting the area of opposition between the front surface of the outer periphery and the rear surface of the baffle plate.
- a spacer is used at the mounting screw position of the unit, and it is set evenly around the woofer unit frame and the baffle surface.
- the space volume which was used as a regulator to control the air pressure inside the enclosure, and that the vibrating body was not a surface but a point.
- the sound quality of the sounding body was improved by fixing it to the baffle surface.
- Such enclosures ⁇ Acts as a sound hole and, by bass reflex operation, emits resonance inside the enclosure and enhances the bass.
- the ventilation passage is formed in the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit along substantially the entire circumference of the opening of the baffle plate, air uniformly flows in and out from the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit, and the speed is increased.
- the unit paper curve is gently formed toward the ventilation path, so that the resistance of the paper cone to the change in air pressure inside the enclosure is effectively reduced, and the sound quality is improved more effectively. You can plan.
- the air passage is formed at a position close to the speaker unit, it is possible to enhance the bass frequency characteristics and prevent the characteristics from being disturbed at other frequencies.
- the outer periphery of the speaker unit When the gap formed along the entire circumference of the baffle plate opening between the rear surface of the baffle plate and the front surface of the baffle plate cannot be adjusted, a large-diameter ring-shaped rim is attached to the speaker unit.
- a large-diameter ring-shaped rim is installed to improve the sound image's localization by releasing the sound inside the enclosure from the surroundings.
- the facing area between the rear or front surface of the outer peripheral portion and the front or rear surface of the baffle plate on the rear or front surface of the outer peripheral portion of the speed unit By increasing the facing area between the rear or front surface of the outer peripheral portion and the front or rear surface of the baffle plate on the rear or front surface of the outer peripheral portion of the speed unit. Therefore, the low-frequency characteristics can prevent deterioration.
- the annular rim portion located on the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit.
- the rib can be integrally formed, and the rib can be attached to the front surface of the baffle plate.
- annular rim portion located on the front surface of the speaker unit is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit.
- a plurality of spacers protruding forward from the front of the rim, and a ring-shaped rib located at a position forward from the front of the ring-shaped rim and interconnecting the spacers And are integrally formed, and the rib portion can be attached to the rear surface of the baffle plate.
- the configuration integrated with the loudspeaker reduces the number of parts as a device, and the present invention can be applied to a loudspeaker system by mounting only a loudspeaker unit, so that it is excellent in manufacturability.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of the speaker system according to the first invention.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a method of fastening the baffle plate, the spacer portion, and the speaker unit by using screws.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a modification of the first embodiment, in which (A) is a perspective view and (B) is a sectional view.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 (A) and (B) are perspective views of the third and fourth embodiments.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing the eighth embodiment, in which (A) is a front view and (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in (A).
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing experimental results of frequency characteristics of a conventional speaker system.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing experimental results of frequency characteristics of the speaker system of the first invention.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing an experimental result of frequency characteristics of the speaker system of the first invention.
- FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of the first embodiment of the speaker system according to the second invention.
- FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a view showing a third embodiment, in which (A) is a front view and (B) is a side view.
- FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing experimental results of frequency characteristics of the conventional speaker system and the speaker system of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing experimental results of frequency characteristics of the speaker system of the second invention.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing experimental results of frequency characteristics of the speaker system of the second invention.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing experimental results of frequency characteristics of the speaker system of the second invention.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing experimental results of frequency characteristics of the speaker system according to the second invention.
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing experimental results of frequency characteristics of the speaker system of the second invention.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing experimental results of frequency characteristics of the speaker system of the second invention.
- FIGS. 25 (A) and (B) are longitudinal sectional views of an example of a conventional speaker system.
- FIG. 26 is a perspective view of another example of the conventional speaker system. ⁇ Example of the invention>
- the basic concept of the first invention is as follows.
- the problem of miniaturization of the loudspeaker system and the accompanying degradation of low-frequency characteristics can be solved by separating the diaphragm of the loudspeaker unit from the effects of damping by the air spring inside the enclosure.
- instruments such as guitars and contrabass have good bass sound due to the action of the resonance box, even though they have only very small surface area diaphragms, such as strings.
- harmonics that are harmonic components are very abundant.
- the enclosure as a resonance box.
- the first invention by providing a predetermined ventilation path formed along substantially the entire inner circumference of the opening of the baffle plate and communicating between the inside and outside of the enclosure, in the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit, for example, if the speed unit is not closely attached to the opening of the baffle plate of the enclosure, and installed at a position away from the opening to the extent that low frequency characteristics do not decrease due to low frequency sound, vibration can be reduced.
- Board The basic concept is to avoid the effect of the air spring inside the enclosure and to use the enclosure effectively as a resonance box.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the speaker system according to the first embodiment.
- the speaker system includes an enclosure 10 and a speaker unit 13 attached to an opening 12 of a baffle plate 11 on the front of the enclosure 10.
- the speaker unit 13 is formed such that a gap is formed between the rear surface of the flange portion 14 at the outer periphery thereof and the front surface of the baffle plate 11 so as to form a predetermined ventilation path communicating the inside and outside of the enclosure 10. It is attached to the baffle plate 11.
- a plurality of tubular spacers 15 are interposed between the inner surface of the flange unit 14 on the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit 13 and the front surface of the baffle plate 11.
- the speaker unit 13 is attached to the baffle plate 11 by a screw 16 as a fixture inserted through the baffle plate 11.
- screw holes are provided at equal intervals around the outer periphery of the flange portion 14 of the speaker unit 13 and the opening of the baffle plate 11, and as shown in FIG. Insert through the speaker unit 1 3 side insertion hole, spacer 15 hole, baffle plate 1 1 side insertion hole in order, and insert a screw into the end of the screw 16 at the tip of the baffle plate 1 1 from the back. Gent 17 and tighten.
- a member made of a hard material such as metal (vibration transmission type), a member made of rubber material and an elastic member such as a coil spring (vibration absorption type), and the like are used.
- a washer made of an elastic material such as rubber is interposed between the nut 17 and the baffle plate 11.
- a washer made of an elastic material such as rubber is interposed between the nut 17 and the baffle plate 11.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the speaker system of the second embodiment.
- the speaker unit 13 is mounted such that a gap of a predetermined distance is formed between the front surface of the flange portion 14 and the rear surface of the baffle plate 11.
- the flange unit 1 of the speaker unit 13 is used.
- the spacer 15 may be formed integrally with the speaker unit 13 or the baffle plate 11.
- a spacer 15A is integrally formed on the baffle plate 11 in advance, and the flange 14 of the speaker unit 13 is attached to the spacer 15A. Good.
- rivets 15B or split pins may be used as shown in the figure.
- a pin and a C-ring fitted into the pin may be used.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective views of speaker units of the speaker systems of the third and fourth embodiments.
- the rib portion 19 is attached to the front surface of a sofro plate using screws and nuts.
- a plurality of spacers 20 projecting forward from the front of the flange 14 and a plurality of spacers 20 projecting forward from the front of the flange 14 are provided on the flange 14 of the speaker unit 13.
- the ring-shaped ribs 21 that connect the spacers 20 to each other at the position of, are integrally formed, and the ribs 21 are attached to the back of the baffle plate using screws and nuts. This is what we did.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a speaker unit in the speaker system according to the fifth embodiment.
- a plurality of rib portions 22 constituting a spacer are integrally formed around the opening portion 12 of the baffle plate 11, and a groove 22 A is formed on the peripheral surface of the rib portion 22.
- a plurality of mounting pieces 23 protruding outward are formed on the flange section 14 of the speaker unit 13, and the mounting pieces 23 are connected to the rib sections 22 while rotating the speaker unit 13.
- the groove 22 is fitted into the groove 2 2A.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a speaker unit in the speaker system of the sixth embodiment.
- the upper wall portion and the lower wall portion of the enclosure 10 are respectively extended forward, and the upper and lower ends of a pair of left and right support members 24 disposed on the front surface of the baffle plate 11 are respectively extended portions.
- a flange portion 14 of the speaker unit 13 is attached to the pair of support members 24.
- the flange portion 14 of the speaker unit 13 is separated from the baffle plate 11 by being separated from the baffle plate 11.
- a gap is formed between the flange 14 of the speaker unit 13 and the opening 12 so as to serve as a ventilation path.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a speaker unit in the speaker system according to the seventh embodiment.
- a mounting piece 25 in which a plurality of openings 25A are formed is integrally formed with a flange portion 14 of a speaker unit 13 and the mounting piece 25 is formed on a baffle plate. Attach to outside or ⁇ surface It is like that. '
- a vent formed with an opening 25A is formed on the outer periphery of the speaker unit 13.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a speaker unit in the speaker system according to the eighth embodiment.
- a mounting piece 26 protruding from the inner peripheral surface of the opening 12 of the baffle plate 11 is formed, while a mounting piece 27 protruding also from the outer peripheral surface of the speaker unit 13 is formed.
- the mounting piece 27 is attached to the mounting piece 26 with a screw 28 or the like.
- a gap portion serving as a ventilation path is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the opening 12 and the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit 13.
- a predetermined ventilation path formed along substantially the entire inner periphery of the opening of the baffle plate and communicating between the inside and outside of the enclosure is provided at the outer periphery of the speaker unit.
- the predetermined ventilation path communicating between the inside and outside of the enclosure functions as a sound hole, and the sound inside the enclosure is released by the reflex operation to enhance the bass range.
- the air passage is formed in the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit along substantially the entire inner periphery of the opening of the baffle plate, air uniformly flows in and out of the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit, and the speaker unit has Since the curve of the cone paper is gently formed toward the air passage, the resistance of the cone paper due to the change in air pressure inside the mouth jar is effectively reduced, and the sound quality is improved more effectively. You can plan.
- baffle plate place the baffle plate at a position where the air passage is close to the speaker unit. Since it is formed along substantially the entire inner circumference of the opening, it is possible to enhance low-frequency characteristics and prevent disturbance of characteristics at other frequencies.
- a spacer is used at the mounting screw position of the unit, so that the space volume provided evenly between the periphery of the unit 1 frame and the baffle surface
- the air pressure inside the enclosure is controlled, and the vibrator is fixed to the baffle surface at points, not at the surface. This improved the sound quality of the sounding body.
- the mounting volume is smaller than the enclosure volume required by the speaker unit, it is possible to suppress the attenuation of the low-frequency characteristics, and to use a small-sized enclosure having a large diameter capable of high efficiency and high input resistance.
- a speaker unit having a diaphragm can be used, and the efficiency and size of the speaker system can be improved at the same time.
- a plurality of spacers are provided between the inner peripheral portion of the speaker unit and the front surface of the baffle plate, or between the outer peripheral surface of the speaker unit and the back surface of the baffle plate, in the gap serving as an air passage.
- the spacer transmits the vibration of the frame of the speaker unit to the baffle plate, acts as if it were a bridge of a contrabass, and vibrates the jaw opening to cause the resonance described above. increase.
- the spacer is made of a material having a large vibration absorption such as a resin such as rubber or a small material such as a metal according to the design intention, it is possible to control the resonance of the baffle plate.
- a vent hole can be formed in the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit.
- the speaker itself does not need to have special specifications, and can be easily applied to existing speaker systems. This does not complicate the structure of the speaker unit and does not increase the weight, and is advantageous in terms of cost.
- the bass reflex port in the case of providing a bass reflex port by the bass reflex 29, or in the case of providing a bass reflex hole for a bass reflex (not shown), the bass reflex port
- the output sound pressure can be increased by setting the resonance frequency as low as possible.
- the embodiment of the first invention is applied to a speaker system provided in various audio equipment, in particular, a speaker system of an SR system, a home audio speaker system, a radio cassette player, a karaoke machine, a personal computer, a television, and the like. it can.
- the speaker unit may be attached to this attachment portion (which becomes a baffle plate) by the method of the above-described embodiment.
- the opening toward the outside of the ventilation path may be covered with a cloth or the like that allows sound to pass.
- the speaker system in which the speaker unit is installed using the configuration of the first aspect of the invention is further provided with additional resonance duct, motional feedback, and equalizer operation. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently extend the low-frequency reproduction limit frequency.
- the present inventors have proposed a loudspeaker system of the first invention based on the following specifications (with a bass reflex and no bass reflex using a spacer) and a conventional speaker system based on the above-described specifications. An experiment was performed to compare the frequency characteristics with the loudspeaker system (no speakers used, no bass reflex).
- a speaker unit and an enclosed enclosure (inside dimensions: H0.9.8 cm XW45.2 cm XD44.2 cm) with an actual volume of 16 3 L (internal volume 181 L)
- the predetermined distance R h was changed by changing the spacer length to 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm while listening to the music signal, and measuring the frequency characteristics and the impedance characteristics. Use the most appropriate value.
- an opening is formed in the lower part of the baffle plate, and the pipe duct disposed horizontally in the enclosure is fixed so that its front end opening communicates with the opening.
- the inside of the enclosure communicates with the outside of the enclosure via the bass reflex.
- the ideal value of the actual volume of the used 38-cm diameter unit is 225 L, but the actual volume is 165 L as described above. (72.4% of the ideal value), and the characteristics of the conventional speed system are as shown in the graph of Fig. 11, in which a large loudspeaker unit with a large S0 is used for an enclosure with a small volume.
- the low-frequency range has a characteristic of attenuating from 150 Hz because it is mounted on a carrier.
- the characteristics of the speaker system of the first invention can be obtained as shown in the graph of Fig. 12. did it.
- the speaker system of the first invention (using a 10 mm spacer) Two 8 cm x 3 8 cm bass reflexes [The length of the bass reflex was made as long as possible to fill the depth of the Jenk mouth jar. 13) As shown in the graph of Fig. 13, the low-pitched sound with a 6 db down value has a reproduction limit of 50 HZ, and 60 HZ-: L 0 0 HZ is a completely flat frequency characteristic. became.
- the combination of the speed unit having a small stiffness SO and a large effective vibration mass M 0 and the configuration of the first invention enables further miniaturization of the system (the current state of the art). It was also found that it can be realized easily and at low cost without deterioration of the low-frequency characteristics, because the enclosure volume ratio when using the same type of speaker unit is reduced by about 30%.
- a speaker unit having a diameter of 38 cm has been described.
- the predetermined distance Rh from the baffle plate is equal to the music.
- the frequency and impedance characteristics were measured while hearing the signal, and the most appropriate value was determined.
- the volume of the enclosure is reduced to about a fraction of the Vas of the speaker unit, it is preferable to fill the interior of the enclosure with a sound absorbing material in order to reduce the internal impedance of the enclosure.
- the effect of reducing the influence on the diaphragm due to the inertial vibration of the panel of the air inside the enclosure by the air passage can be expected more than the effect of the resonance of the enclosure.
- the sound quality is examined by forming a vent hole in the enclosure using a spacer in a three-way speaker system composed of independent speaker units for low, medium, and treble sounds.
- the first invention can improve the sound quality not only in the bass sound but also in the middle and treble speaker units.
- the basic concept of the second invention is as follows.
- the problem of miniaturization of the speaker system and the accompanying degradation of low-frequency characteristics can be solved by separating the loudspeaker diaphragm from the effects of damping by the air spring inside the enclosure.
- instruments such as guitars and contrabass have good bass sound due to the action of the resonance box, even though they have only very small surface area diaphragms, such as strings.
- harmonics that are harmonic components are very abundant.
- a predetermined ventilation path formed along substantially the entire inner circumference of the opening of the baffle plate and communicating between the inside and outside of the enclosure is provided in the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit.
- a low-pitched speaker unit in which a rib portion of a frame serving as a mounting surface to a baffle plate does not have an equal ring shape, or a small-diameter speaker mounting unit having a small diameter, Small, etc., it is difficult to easily and accurately adjust the gap formed along the substantially entire inner periphery of the opening of the baffle plate between the rear surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit and the front surface of the baffle plate For this purpose, for example, efforts will be made to extend the low-frequency characteristics and improve the sound quality of the entire region.
- a large-diameter ring-shaped rim is attached to release sound inside the enclosure from its surroundings to improve the sense of localization of the sound image.
- the resistance of air passing through this gap is appropriately adjusted. This prevents low-frequency characteristics from deteriorating.
- FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of the speaker system of the first embodiment.
- the speaker system is composed of an enclosure 110 and an opening of a baffle plate 111 on the front of the enclosure 110.
- the speaker unit 113 includes a bass speaker unit 113 attached to the speaker 112 and a speaker unit 115 for high / middle sound attached to the opening 114.
- the bass loudspeaker unit 113 is provided between an annular plate-shaped rim 116 attached to the rear surface of the flange 113 at the outer peripheral portion thereof and the front surface of the baffle plate 111.
- the baffle plate 111 is attached to the baffle plate 111 so as to form a gap that serves as a predetermined ventilation path communicating between inside and outside.
- the low-frequency speaker unit 1 13 has an outer peripheral flange 1 13 A between the inner surface of the ring-shaped rim 1 16 at the rear surface and the front surface of the baffle plate 1 1 1 A.
- a plurality of tubular spacers 117 are interposed, and the bass speaker unit 113 is mounted by screws 118 as mounting fixtures passing through the spacers 117. Attach to baffle plate 1 1 1
- the treble / medium sound speaker unit 115 has an annular plate-shaped rim 120 attached to the rear position of the flange portion 115 on the outer peripheral portion thereof and the front surface of the baffle plate 111.
- the baffle plate 11 is attached to the baffle plate 11 so that a gap is formed between the inside and outside of the enclosure 1 10.
- the loudspeaker unit for treble / medium sound 1 15 The flange 1 15 on the outer periphery The ring-shaped rim 1 20 on the rear side of the A 1 20 A inner surface and the baffle plate 1 1 1 1 Between, multiple tubular spacers 1 2 1 With the screw 122 and the nut 123 connected to the spacer 122, the loudspeaker unit 115 for the high-frequency Z and the medium-frequency speaker can be attached to the baffle plate 111. I have to.
- spacers 117, 121 those made of metal or other hard material (vibration transmission type), those made of rubber material and elastic members such as coil panels (vibration absorption type), etc. are used. Is done.
- a washer made of an elastic member such as a rubber material between the nuts 119 and 123 and the baffle plate 11.
- unexplained reference numeral 124 A denotes a bus reflex port based on a bus reflex 124.
- FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view of the speaker system of the second embodiment.
- the speaker unit 125 is provided with a predetermined distance between the outer surface of the annular rim 126 at the front of the flange portion 125A and the rear surface of the baffle plate 111. It is attached so that a part is formed.
- a plurality of tubular spacers 1 2 5 are provided between a ring-shaped rim 1 2 6 attached to the flange 1 2 5 A front position of the speaker unit 1 2 5 and the rear surface of the baffle plate 1 1 1.
- the speaker unit 125 is attached to the baffle plate 111 with the screw 128 and the nut 121 passing through the spacer 127 with the interposition of the speaker unit 127.
- the spacers 117, 121, and 127 are attached to the ring-shaped rims 116, 120, 126, or the baffle plate 111. It may be formed integrally.
- a spacer portion is integrally formed on the baffle plate 111 in advance, and a ring-shaped rim 111 on the speaker unit 113, 115, 125 side is formed on the spacer portion. , 120, and 126 may be attached.
- a rivet or split pin may be used for this attachment.
- a pin and a C-ring fitted into the pin may be used.
- FIGS. 16 (A) and (B) are a front view and a side view of a speaker unit of the speaker system according to the third embodiment.
- a speaker unit 130 is provided with an annular rim 131, and a plurality of spacers 13 projecting rearward from the rear surface of the annular rim 131. 2 and ring-shaped ribs 1 3 3 that are located at the rear of the toroidal rim 13 1
- the ribs 133 are attached to the front of the baffle plate using screws and nuts.
- a plurality of spacers projecting forward from the front surface of the annular rim portion and a front surface of the annular plate-shaped rim portion are provided on the annular rim portion of the speaker unit.
- a ring-shaped rib that is located in front of and connects the spacers to each other, and is integrally formed, and the rib is attached to the back of the baffle plate using screws and nuts. Is also good.
- a predetermined ventilation path formed along substantially the entire inner periphery of the opening of the baffle plate and communicating with the outside of the enclosure is provided at the outer periphery of the speaker unit. Therefore, the following actions and effects are achieved.
- the predetermined ventilation path that communicates between the inside and outside of the enclosure acts as a sound hole, and emits a resonance sound inside the enclosure by a reflex operation, thereby enhancing the bass range.
- the influence of the inertial vibration of the air panel in the enclosure ⁇ on the vibrating plate is reduced, the transient characteristics over the entire reproduction band are improved, and a sound quality that is stretchable and has no heaviness is obtained.
- the air passage is formed in the outer periphery of the speaker unit along substantially the entire inner periphery of the opening of the baffle plate, air uniformly flows in and out from the outer periphery of the speaker unit, and Because the curve of the cone paper is gently formed toward the air passage, the resistance of the cone paper due to the change in air pressure inside the nozzle Piles can be reduced effectively, and sound quality can be improved more effectively.
- the air passage is formed at a position close to the speaker unit and along substantially the entire inner circumference of the opening of the baffle plate, the bass frequency characteristics are enhanced, and at the same time the characteristics of other frequencies are disturbed. Can be prevented.
- a spacer is used at the mounting screw position of the unit to optimize the space between the woofer unit frame and the baffle surface. To discover that there is a value, to give it a role as a regulator that controls the air pressure inside the enclosure, and to fix the vibrator to the baffle surface at a point, not at a surface. Improved the sound quality of the sounding body.
- a speaker unit having a diaphragm can be used, and the efficiency and size of the speaker system can be improved at the same time.
- the outer periphery of the speaker unit Rear and baffle
- a large-diameter annular rim is attached, and the rear surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit is attached.
- the volume of the gap between the baffle plate and the annular rim by adjusting the area of the annular rim, the mass of the air passing through this gap and
- the resistance of the speaker unit so that the diaphragm of the speaker unit can operate optimally, the amount of air exhausted and sucked is added to the additional mass of the diaphragm, which has the effect of lowering the minimum resonance frequency.
- the air around the diaphragm is discharged and sucked in evenly and circumferentially with appropriate resistance, so that the force of the biston motion applied to the vicinity of the voice coil is transmitted to the periphery of the diaphragm in a well-balanced manner. It prevents abnormal vibration of the horn, lowers the enclosure's stiffness, prevents the Q of the voice coil from rising, and effectively improves the low-frequency characteristics.
- the sound inside the enclosure is emitted from the surroundings to improve the sense of localization of the sound image.
- By increasing the facing area between the rear or front surface of the outer peripheral portion and the front or rear surface of the baffle plate on the outer or rear surface of the outer periphery of the mounting unit it is possible to prevent the low-frequency characteristics from deteriorating. it can.
- the inflow and outflow of air is smooth at the opening of the baffle plate in any of the low, medium, and high-frequency speaker units.
- the surface inside the enclosure 110 of the opening 111 of the baffle plate 111 is largely seated. Spacing (counter bore 1 1 2 A) and rounded surface facing speaker unit 1 13 outer periphery, and miniaturized gap by providing circular plate-shaped rim 1 16 It is preferable to avoid the rectification of air passing through the section to prevent the occurrence of distortion.
- the gap formed along substantially the entire inner circumference of the opening of the baffle plate between the rear surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit and the front surface of the baffle plate.
- a plurality of gaps which serve as ventilation paths, are placed between the inner surface of the annular rim on the speaker unit side and the front of the baffle plate, or between the outer surface of the annular rim and the back of the baffle plate.
- the embodiment formed by interposing a spacer has the following advantages.
- the spacer transmits the vibration of the frame of the speaker unit to the baffle plate, acts as if it were a bridge of a contrabass, and effectively vibrates the enclosure to produce the resonance described above. Increase.
- the spacer is made of a material having a large vibration absorption such as a resin such as rubber or a small material such as a metal, the resonance of the baffle plate can be controlled according to the design intention.
- a bus reflex port 124 A provided with a bass reflex duct 124 and a bass reflex hole for a bass reflex are provided.
- the resonance frequency of the bass radiating hole is made lower than that of a normal bass reflex type.
- the number of parts can be reduced as a device. Since the second invention can be applied to the speaker system by mounting only the speaker hood, the manufacturability is excellent.
- the second embodiment of the present invention relates to a speaker system provided in various audio devices, in particular, an SR system, a home audio speaker system, a radio cassette player, a karaoke machine, and a speaker system. It can be applied to speaker systems such as socon and television.
- the speaker unit when the speaker unit is housed in a wall surface, a door of an automobile, or the like, the speaker unit may be attached to this attachment portion (which becomes a baffle plate) by the method of the above-described embodiment.
- the opening toward the outside of the air passage may be covered with a cloth having good air permeability.
- the speaker system in which the speaker unit is installed using the configuration of the second aspect of the invention is further provided with a resonance duct, motional feedback, and equalizer operation. It is also possible to efficiently extend the low-frequency reproduction limit frequency.
- the present inventors have proposed a speaker system (using spacers and ring-shaped rims) A-1 of the second invention based on the following specifications,
- the predetermined distance R h was determined to be the most appropriate value by measuring the frequency characteristic and the impedance characteristic while listening to the music signal.
- the speaker unit (A-1) in the case where a rim of an ataryl-shaped circular plate with a diameter of 170 mm and a thickness of 3 mm is attached to the frame of the speaker unit is shown.
- the Idb output is higher than in the conventional bass reflex type speaker system (A-3) in which the unit is closely attached to the baffle. ing. If the playback efficiency of the speaker system is low by 3 db, the output of the power amplifier to be driven must be doubled to obtain the same sound pressure. This is an improvement of about 33% from the amplifier side.
- the low-frequency characteristics are inferior to the speaker system (A-3) depending on the band.
- the structure of the second invention for example, attaching a tweeter to a ring-shaped rim made of an acrylic having a diameter of 80 mm and a thickness of 3 mm, and attaching an extremely thin film (such as a wrap).
- an extremely thin film such as a wrap
- FIGS. 19 to 24 are characteristic diagrams of the completed models 1 to 3 of the 2-way speaker system of the present application.
- FIG. 19 shows a 90 mm diameter, 3 mm thick acrylic Attach the baffle plate at a distance of 0.01 mm using a ring-shaped rim with a diameter of 170 mm and a thickness of 3 mm.
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram of a model B-1 mounted at a distance of 0.11 mm from a baffle plate using a system.
- Fig. 20 shows the characteristic diagram of model B-2 in which the woofer uses a ring-shaped rim only and the tweeter uses a conventional speaker unit and baffle plate in close contact. No reduction in effect in principle Compared with the characteristics of model B-3 described below, the same characteristics can be secured in the low frequency range, and the output in the high frequency range and flattening are obtained.
- Fig. 21 shows that the woofer uses an annular rim only, the tweeter does not use an annular rim, and the speaker unit is connected via a 0.45 mm thick washer.
- the characteristic diagram of Model B-3 which was attached to a baffle plate, and the gap between the speaker unit and the knople plate was set to a height that minimized the turbidity of cymbals and other sounds by listening to music.
- the low frequency range is greatly reduced compared to the other models B-1 and B-2 (up to about 3 db). It is also inferior to the model B-1 in high-frequency output and flattening. That is, the effect of the tweeter-mounted ring-shaped rim used in Model B-1 is also evident from the characteristics of Model B-3.
- the characteristic diagram in Fig. 22 is an enlarged view of the high-frequency characteristics of models B-1 and B-3
- the characteristic diagram in Fig. 23 is an enlarged view of the high-frequency characteristics of model B-1
- the characteristic diagram in Fig. 24 is an enlargement of the high-frequency characteristics of Model B-3.
- a configuration in which a predetermined ventilation path formed along substantially the entire inner circumference of the opening of the baffle plate and communicating between the inside and outside of the enclosure is provided at the outer periphery of the speaker unit.
- a simple configuration formed on the outer peripheral portion of the speaker unit along substantially the entire circumference of the opening of the baffle plate allows the enclosure to be reduced in size and weight, Along with extending the bass range, reducing distortion, and improving efficiency, it is possible to provide a high-quality speaker system with excellent transient characteristics and economical efficiency.
- a ring-shaped rim is provided to adjust the area of the baffle plate facing the front of the baffle plate, so that almost all of the opening in the baffle plate is located between the rear surface of the outer periphery of the speaker unit and the front surface of the baffle plate.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU11737/99A AU1173799A (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | Speaker system |
US09/554,141 US6504939B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | Loudspeaker system |
EP98954738A EP1061767A4 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | SPEAKER SYSTEM |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9/335004 | 1997-11-19 | ||
JP33500497A JP3421558B2 (ja) | 1997-11-19 | 1997-11-19 | スピーカシステム |
JP20716698A JP3155512B2 (ja) | 1998-07-07 | 1998-07-07 | 小型スピーカシステム |
JP10/207166 | 1998-07-07 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/152,785 Division US6628799B2 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 2002-05-23 | Loudspeaker system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999026450A1 true WO1999026450A1 (fr) | 1999-05-27 |
Family
ID=26516093
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1998/005199 WO1999026450A1 (fr) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | Systeme de haut-parleur |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6504939B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1061767A4 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1201631C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU1173799A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999026450A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1148760A2 (de) * | 2000-04-17 | 2001-10-24 | AKG Acoustics GmbH | Electroakustischer Wandler |
US8201659B2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2012-06-19 | Kazumichi Imai | Recoilless speaker system |
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EP1061767A4 (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 2006-04-05 | Sakuji Fukuda | SPEAKER SYSTEM |
FR2829349A1 (fr) * | 2001-09-03 | 2003-03-07 | Francois Charlet | Decompression acoustique independante |
PT1322134T (pt) * | 2001-12-19 | 2019-01-30 | Interdigital Madison Patent Holdings | Dispositivo eletrónico compreendendo um altifalante |
US6870941B2 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2005-03-22 | Glenn A. Marnie | Dipole radiating dynamic speaker |
US7269270B2 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2007-09-11 | Bose Corporation | Standing wave reducing |
JP4034252B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-29 | 2008-01-16 | 株式会社林技術研究所 | 自動車用サンバイザー |
US20060147075A1 (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-06 | Gingko Audio | Loudspeaker comprising coaxially-disposed drivers |
JP4594127B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-17 | 2010-12-08 | パイオニア株式会社 | スピーカー装置用のフレーム及びスピーカー装置 |
JP2006229517A (ja) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-31 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | スピーカー装置用のフレーム及びスピーカー装置 |
US20070261911A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-15 | George Nichols | Transducer enclosure |
US20080075404A1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2008-03-27 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Aligned embossed diaphragm based fiber optic sensor |
WO2008100266A2 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2008-08-21 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Mems fiber optic microphone |
US7561277B2 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2009-07-14 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | MEMS fiber optic microphone |
JP4784398B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-29 | 2011-10-05 | パナソニック株式会社 | 音響加振器およびこれを用いたスピーカ |
WO2008033579A2 (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2008-03-20 | Portable Sound Laboratories, Inc. | Speaker system for portable multimedia player |
TWM359167U (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2009-06-11 | Li-Ben Wang | Full-range speaker with high efficiency |
US8452040B2 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2013-05-28 | Srdjan Perovic | Speaker-transducer with integral bass-reflex and maximum efficiency cooling |
WO2011076291A1 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-30 | Nokia Corporation | An apparatus for use in portable devices |
TWI390118B (zh) * | 2010-09-08 | 2013-03-21 | Hannstar Display Corp | 固定機構 |
JP6171177B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-04 | 2017-08-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 発音体とそれを用いた音響再生装置、移動体装置 |
CN102752698A (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-10-24 | 陆少锋 | 集成式扬声器装置 |
USRE49437E1 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2023-02-28 | Apple Inc. | Audio driver and power supply unit architecture |
EP3202159B1 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2020-08-05 | Apple Inc. | Loudspeaker with reduced audio coloration caused by reflections from a surface |
CN104378716A (zh) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-25 | 成都聚智工业设计有限公司 | 降噪装置 |
US20180292079A1 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2018-10-11 | Tony J. Branham | Lighted mirror with sound system |
US10771890B2 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2020-09-08 | Apple Inc. | Annular support structure |
US10631071B2 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2020-04-21 | Apple Inc. | Cantilevered foot for electronic device |
GB2558403B8 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2020-07-08 | Christos Spero Marcus | A loudspeaker, loudspeaker driver and loudspeaker design process |
CN106792340A (zh) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-31 | 惠州Tcl移动通信有限公司 | 移动终端spk音腔结构及移动终端 |
US10542347B2 (en) * | 2017-06-03 | 2020-01-21 | Don Petracek | Speaker cabinet to effectively amplify the full and natural sound of an acoustic guitar |
JP7294916B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-01 | 2023-06-20 | ホシデン株式会社 | スピーカ筐体 |
US11543864B2 (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2023-01-03 | Apple Inc. | Speaker assembly for electronic device |
US11780378B2 (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2023-10-10 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Tweeter flush, surface, and starfish mount installation |
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EP1061767A4 (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 2006-04-05 | Sakuji Fukuda | SPEAKER SYSTEM |
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- 1998-11-19 EP EP98954738A patent/EP1061767A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-19 AU AU11737/99A patent/AU1173799A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-19 CN CN98811295.7A patent/CN1201631C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-19 US US09/554,141 patent/US6504939B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-19 WO PCT/JP1998/005199 patent/WO1999026450A1/ja active Application Filing
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2002
- 2002-05-23 US US10/152,785 patent/US6628799B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPS56105986U (ja) * | 1980-01-17 | 1981-08-18 | ||
JPS6093389U (ja) * | 1983-12-01 | 1985-06-26 | パイオニア株式会社 | スピ−カの取付用フランジ機構 |
JPS6178492U (ja) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-05-26 | ||
JPH066885A (ja) * | 1992-06-18 | 1994-01-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | スピーカ取付け具 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1148760A2 (de) * | 2000-04-17 | 2001-10-24 | AKG Acoustics GmbH | Electroakustischer Wandler |
JP2001313994A (ja) * | 2000-04-17 | 2001-11-09 | Akg Acoustics Gmbh | 電気音響変換器 |
EP1148760A3 (de) * | 2000-04-17 | 2007-04-18 | AKG Acoustics GmbH | Electroakustischer Wandler |
US8201659B2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2012-06-19 | Kazumichi Imai | Recoilless speaker system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6628799B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 |
US6504939B1 (en) | 2003-01-07 |
US20020136423A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
CN1201631C (zh) | 2005-05-11 |
AU1173799A (en) | 1999-06-07 |
CN1279877A (zh) | 2001-01-10 |
EP1061767A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 |
EP1061767A4 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
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