WO1999026354A1 - Dispositif de communication d'informations - Google Patents
Dispositif de communication d'informations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999026354A1 WO1999026354A1 PCT/JP1998/005138 JP9805138W WO9926354A1 WO 1999026354 A1 WO1999026354 A1 WO 1999026354A1 JP 9805138 W JP9805138 W JP 9805138W WO 9926354 A1 WO9926354 A1 WO 9926354A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- communication device
- tuning
- signal
- transistor
- frequency
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
- G06K19/0726—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs the arrangement including a circuit for tuning the resonance frequency of an antenna on the record carrier
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an information communication device such as a noncontact IC card or a noncontact IC card for performing signal processing by obtaining power using radio waves from an antenna.
- contactless tags which obtain power from transmitted radio waves and transmit information stored inside, have been used, such as ski lifts, railway ticket gates, and luggage. It is used for sorting.
- This non-contact tag has a transmission / reception mechanism inside, but does not have a power source such as a battery. Power is obtained from the received radio waves (high-frequency signals). For this reason, it is not necessary to incorporate a nottery, and information can be exchanged for a long period of time. In addition, since information is exchanged by radio waves or magnetic induction, there is an advantage that information can be exchanged without contact.
- IC cards that record information or provide information on the other hand, exchange information without contact with a reader / writer (by radio waves or magnetic induction) in practical use, Such IC cards also obtain power from received radio waves or power by magnetic induction.
- reference numeral 90 denotes a reader / writer, which shows only a transmission antenna (coil L s) as a part thereof.
- 9 1 is an IC card
- 9 2 shows its tuning circuit
- 9 3 and 9 4 show a rectifying diode and a smoothing capacitor, respectively.
- the tuning circuit 92 comprises a receiving antenna (coil LR ) and a tuning capacitor Co. Radio waves transmitted from the reader / writer 90 are received by the tuning circuit.
- the received high-frequency signal is rectified by the rectifier diode 93, smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 94, and becomes a power source of the IC card 91.
- the magnitude (amplitude level) of the high-frequency signal received and output by the tuning circuit 92 is ) Changes depending on the distance such that the distance between the reader / writer 90 and the IC card 91 is short, and the distance is small if the distance is long. Therefore, the regeneration efficiency of the power obtained by rectifying the received high-frequency signal also changes depending on the distance between the reader / writer 90 and the IC card.
- a diode component is used as the rectifying means, so that the diode component cannot also serve as a tuning capacitor. Therefore, a capacitor component must be provided in the tuning circuit or a large tuning coil must be formed. To gain capacity. Disclosure of the invention
- a MOS transistor in a communication device that rectifies a received high-frequency signal to generate power, a MOS transistor is connected to an antenna, and the received signal is rectified by a parasitic diode of the MOS transistor.
- the capacitance associated with the MOS transistor contributes to the input tuning frequency.
- the communication device has a control unit that controls whether the plurality of transistors is turned on or off.
- This control means controls the MOS transistor so as to change the tuning frequency so that the rectified output becomes a predetermined value.
- the communication device is configured as, for example, an IC card that receives a signal from a reader / writer without contact. According to the configuration of the present invention, the communication device rectifies the received high-frequency signal to generate power. The received signal is rectified by the parasitic diode of the MOS transistor connected to the antenna. The capacitance associated with the MOS transistor works as the input tuning capacitance.
- FIG. 1 is a main part circuit diagram of an information communication device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram for explaining an input tuning circuit thereof
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing selectivity characteristics of a tuning circuit corresponding to tuning frequency switching
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a MOS transistor used in the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing a rectification method
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a use form of the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a main circuit diagram of a conventional information communication device. is there. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a reader / writer and 2 is its signal source.
- 3 and 4 are the condenser and the inductance coil that constitute the tuning circuit of the reader / writer.
- the inductance coil 4 functions as an antenna.
- Reference numeral 6 denotes the tuning circuit, which is composed of an inductance coil and a capacitor Co. Inductansoil L also functions as an antenna.
- CA is a smoothing capacitor connected to one end of the tuning circuit 6, and 7 is a regulator for regulating its output voltage, and its output is supplied to a signal processing circuit (not shown). .
- Tu T 2 is a ⁇ channel type first and second ⁇ S transistor having a drain connected to the other end of the tuning circuit 6 (in other words, the other end of the antenna L). Is open (disconnected). These gates are connected to a control circuit 9.
- Reference numeral 8 denotes a detector that detects the output voltage (or current) of the smoothing capacitor CA, and supplies the detected output to a control circuit.
- the control circuit 9 controls ON and OFF of the transistors Tl and ⁇ 2 according to the detection output.
- D1 and D2 are parasitic diodes associated with the MOS transistors T1 and T2, and these diodes serve as rectifier diodes.
- C! , C 3 are transistors evening T l, T 2 of the drain junction capacitance, C 2, C 4 is the junction capacitance of the source.
- (A) of FIG. 5 shows a symbol diagram of the N channel M 0 S transistor shows (b) the junction capacitance d, C 2, and the parasitic diode D 1 of the above together with the structure diagram. In addition to the junction capacitance, there is a capacitance between the gate and the drain, but this capacitance is omitted for convenience of explanation.
- the capacitor on the input side of the IC chip 5 has a relationship as shown in FIG.
- CA is a value sufficiently larger than C B (Cf >> CB)
- the circuit in FIG. 2A is equivalent to that in FIG. 2B. Therefore, the tuning frequency f of the tuning circuit is
- the magnitude relationship between the tuning frequencies is f 2 ⁇ f 3 ⁇ f 1, and this is represented by the tuning circuit selectivity Q, as shown in FIG.
- the control circuit 9 controls the ON and OFF of the transistors T1 and T2 based on the output voltage (or current) of the smoothing capacitor CA detected by the detector 8. At this time, it is preferable to provide a reference value in advance and control the transistors T1 and T2 depending on whether the detected value is larger or smaller than the reference value.
- the tuning frequency is set to f 1, and conversely, the reader / writer 1 1
- the frequency is set to a frequency f2 or f3 outside the tuning frequency.
- control circuit 9 controls ON / OFF of the transistors T1 and T2 depending on whether the detection voltage (or current) is higher or lower than the reference value, regardless of the distance between the reader / writer 1 and the IC card. Therefore, when sufficient power cannot be obtained even when the reader / writer 1 and the IC card 5 are close to each other, the tuning frequency is switched.
- FIG. 6 shows an embodiment in that case.
- a group of MOS transistors is connected to both ends of a tuning circuit 6 including an inductance coil L and a capacitor Co.
- Q1 to Q6 are N-channel type MOS transistors
- Q7 to Q12 are P-channel type MOS transistors.
- a drain is connected to one end ⁇ of the tuning circuit 6, and a sub-straight is connected to ground.
- the drains of the transistors Q4 to Q6 are connected to the other end / 8 of the tuning circuit 6, and the substrate is connected to ground.
- the gates of the transistors Q1 to Q6 are connected to the control register 81.
- the drains of the transistors Q 7 to Q 9 are connected to one end ⁇ of the tuning circuit 6, and the substrate is connected to the output line 83.
- the drains of the transistors Q 10 to Q 12 are connected to the other end 3 of the tuning circuit 6, and the substrate is connected to the output line 83.
- the gates of the transistors Q7 to Q12 are connected to the control register 82.
- the sources of the transistors Q1 to Q12 are all open.
- the formation of the parasitic diodes and the capacitance of the N-channel type MOS transistors Q 1 to Q 6 are represented by 84, 85, and 86, representing the transistor Q 6.
- Reference numeral 84 denotes a parasitic diode generated between the drain and the substrate of the transistor Q6
- reference numeral 85 denotes a junction capacitance generated at the same location
- reference numeral 86 denotes a source-side junction capacitance.
- the formation of the parasitic diodes and the capacitance of the P-channel type MOS transistors Q7 to Q12 is represented by 87, 88, and 89, representing the transistor Q12.
- Reference numeral 87 denotes a parasitic diode generated between the drain and the substrate of the transistor Q12
- reference numeral 88 denotes a junction capacitance generated at the same location
- reference numeral 89 denotes a source-side junction capacitance.
- FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit of the full-wave rectifier circuit of FIG. 6, in which a rectifier diode 11 and a capacitor 21 are formed by transistors Q7 to Q9.
- the rectifier diode 12 and the capacitor 22 are formed by the transistors Q10 to Q12.
- rectifier diode 13 and capacitor 23 are formed by transistors Q4-Q6, and rectifier diode 14 and capacitor 24 are formed by transistors Q1-Q3.
- the value of each capacitor 21, 22, 23, 24 changes depending on the ON and OFF of the transistor.
- the detection circuit 80 controls the control transistors 81 and 82 depending on whether the voltage (or current) of the output line 83 is higher or lower than a predetermined value, and thereby the transistor is controlled. Evening Q1 to Q12 ON / OFF control.
- the circuit in FIG. 6 is a full-wave rectification type, the one equivalent to the smoothing capacitor C A in FIG. 1 has been deleted, but this may be inserted if necessary.
- the tuning circuit 6 is realized as a force inductance using the inductance coil L, it is not a coil but a simple conductor. Good.
- Figure 8 shows a case where the IC card 5 has an input tuning circuit 101 for the power regeneration system and an input tuning circuit 102 for the signal system separately (a), and one input tuning circuit 101 is shared. Case (b) is shown.
- the transmitting side sends a continuous wave of the frequency fH for power regeneration and a signal of the carrier frequency fL.
- the tuning frequency of the signal input tuning circuit 102 is affected. Absent.
- the carrier frequency is the same, and the signal period t 1 for power regeneration and the original signal period t 2 are time-sured. Therefore, the input tuning frequency may not be changed by changing the capacity of the rectifier circuit 103. However, if there is a correlation between insufficient input power and the original signal level being too low, it is better to continue the input tuning frequency variable by the rectifier circuit 103 during the signal period. . Industrial applicability
- a rectifying diode and a tuning capacitance can be realized with one type of element such as a MOS transistor.
- the variable capacitance (and thus the variable tuning frequency) can be easily realized by the transistor 0N and OFF.
- a plurality of MOS transistors can be easily and compactly formed by using an IC.
- the information communication device has a digital circuit for signal processing, but since this digital circuit is often constituted by a MOS transistor, the rectifying diode and the tuning capacitance are changed to a MOS transistor as in the present invention.
- the present invention can be used for a communication device that rectifies a received high-frequency signal and generates power, such as an IC card that receives a signal from a reader / writer without contact.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/530,581 US6464145B1 (en) | 1997-11-13 | 1998-11-13 | Non-contact communication device |
EP98953054A EP1026832B1 (en) | 1997-11-13 | 1998-11-13 | Information communication device |
AU10535/99A AU747538B2 (en) | 1997-11-13 | 1998-11-13 | Information communication device |
DE69835161T DE69835161T2 (de) | 1997-11-13 | 1998-11-13 | Informationskommunikationsvorrichtung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9/311642 | 1997-11-13 | ||
JP31164297A JP3554160B2 (ja) | 1997-11-13 | 1997-11-13 | 情報通信装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999026354A1 true WO1999026354A1 (fr) | 1999-05-27 |
Family
ID=18019739
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1998/005138 WO1999026354A1 (fr) | 1997-11-13 | 1998-11-13 | Dispositif de communication d'informations |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6464145B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1026832B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3554160B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU747538B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69835161T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999026354A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001075784A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-05 | 2001-10-11 | Gemplus | Dispositif de modulation de charge dans un circuit integre tele-alimente |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003502992A (ja) * | 1999-06-11 | 2003-01-21 | アーベーベー・リサーチ・リミテッド | 多数の近接センサを有する装置のためのシステム、そして同様にこの目的のための近接センサおよび一次巻き線 |
EP1314134B1 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2009-07-29 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Identification transponder |
JP3818045B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-20 | 2006-09-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 改札機 |
CN1322466C (zh) * | 2001-12-24 | 2007-06-20 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 应答器 |
DE10301451A1 (de) | 2003-01-10 | 2004-07-22 | Atmel Germany Gmbh | Verfahren sowie Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung zur drahtlosen Datenübertragung und Modulationseinrichtung |
US6940467B2 (en) | 2003-01-10 | 2005-09-06 | Atmel Germany Gmbh | Circuit arrangement and method for deriving electrical power from an electromagnetic field |
DE10306689A1 (de) | 2003-02-11 | 2004-08-19 | Atmel Germany Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung zur Signaldetektion |
DE10325399A1 (de) | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-30 | Atmel Germany Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung zur Phasenmodulation für rückstreubasierte Transporder |
DE10325396A1 (de) | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-23 | Atmel Germany Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zur Phasenmodulation für rückstreubasierte Transponder |
JP4403372B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-21 | 2010-01-27 | ソニー株式会社 | データ通信装置 |
JP4536496B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-19 | 2010-09-01 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置及び半導体装置の駆動方法 |
US7471188B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2008-12-30 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and driving method thereof |
US7132946B2 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-11-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Variable frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) tags |
FR2890207B1 (fr) † | 2005-08-23 | 2007-11-02 | Inside Contactless Sa | Lecteur a couplage inductif comprenant des moyens d'extraction d'une tension d'alimentation electrique |
US8114774B2 (en) | 2006-06-19 | 2012-02-14 | Nxp B.V. | Semiconductor device, and semiconductor device obtained by such a method |
US7994659B2 (en) | 2006-09-06 | 2011-08-09 | Nxp B.V. | Method for supplying electrical energy from a first electronic circuit to a second electronic circuit via at least one wire line |
US20080143192A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-19 | Sample Alanson P | Dynamic radio frequency power harvesting |
JP2009141729A (ja) * | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-25 | Panasonic Corp | 検波用回路装置および携帯機器 |
US7974648B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2011-07-05 | Hiroshima University | Radio communication system, and transmitter, receiver, transmitting circuit, and receiving circuit used for the same |
WO2010029964A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-10 | 2010-03-18 | 日本電気株式会社 | 周波数多重受信器 |
WO2010032603A1 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and wireless tag using the same |
US8374545B2 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2013-02-12 | Qualcomm Incorporated | De-tuning in wireless power reception |
JP5587135B2 (ja) | 2010-10-28 | 2014-09-10 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 無線通信用半導体装置 |
EP2798910B1 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2017-06-21 | Arçelik Anonim Sirketi | A wireless kitchen appliance operated on an induction heating cooker |
US9368975B2 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2016-06-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | High power RF field effect transistor switching using DC biases |
JP6747078B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-14 | 2020-08-26 | オムロン株式会社 | 非接触給電装置 |
Citations (4)
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JPS63190559A (ja) * | 1987-01-29 | 1988-08-08 | Nec Corp | 整流回路 |
JPH0528328A (ja) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-02-05 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 記録媒体書込み/読取り装置 |
JPH08185497A (ja) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-16 | Sony Corp | Icカード |
JPH08323657A (ja) * | 1995-05-25 | 1996-12-10 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電磁結合による充電および通信機能を備えたマイクロロボット |
Family Cites Families (6)
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DE4438287C1 (de) * | 1994-10-26 | 1996-05-09 | Siemens Ag | System zur kontaktlosen Energie- und Datenübertragung |
DE4438286C2 (de) * | 1994-10-26 | 2002-09-12 | Siemens Ag | System zur kontaktlosen Energie- und Datenübertragung |
EP0757444B1 (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 2004-10-06 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Electrically driven switch, integrated circuit and electronic card using the same |
FR2752076B1 (fr) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-09-11 | Inside Technologies | Systeme d'alimentation electrique pour microcircuit a fonctionnement mixte, avec ou sans contact |
JPH10135882A (ja) * | 1996-10-24 | 1998-05-22 | Toshiba Corp | 非接触式情報記録媒体及びそのデータ送信方式 |
GB2321726A (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 1998-08-05 | Motorola Inc | Apparatus and method for regulating power on a contactless portable data carrier |
-
1997
- 1997-11-13 JP JP31164297A patent/JP3554160B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-13 AU AU10535/99A patent/AU747538B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-11-13 WO PCT/JP1998/005138 patent/WO1999026354A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-13 DE DE69835161T patent/DE69835161T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-13 US US09/530,581 patent/US6464145B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-13 EP EP98953054A patent/EP1026832B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS63190559A (ja) * | 1987-01-29 | 1988-08-08 | Nec Corp | 整流回路 |
JPH0528328A (ja) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-02-05 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 記録媒体書込み/読取り装置 |
JPH08185497A (ja) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-16 | Sony Corp | Icカード |
JPH08323657A (ja) * | 1995-05-25 | 1996-12-10 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電磁結合による充電および通信機能を備えたマイクロロボット |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1026832A4 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001075784A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-05 | 2001-10-11 | Gemplus | Dispositif de modulation de charge dans un circuit integre tele-alimente |
FR2807586A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-05 | 2001-10-12 | St Microelectronics Sa | Dispositif de modulation de charge dans un circuit integre tele-alimente |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1026832A4 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
DE69835161T2 (de) | 2007-06-06 |
EP1026832B1 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
US6464145B1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
AU747538B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
DE69835161D1 (de) | 2006-08-17 |
JPH11144007A (ja) | 1999-05-28 |
AU1053599A (en) | 1999-06-07 |
EP1026832A1 (en) | 2000-08-09 |
JP3554160B2 (ja) | 2004-08-18 |
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