WO1997046801A1 - Systeme de production d'energie a partir du vent - Google Patents

Systeme de production d'energie a partir du vent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997046801A1
WO1997046801A1 PCT/CN1997/000035 CN9700035W WO9746801A1 WO 1997046801 A1 WO1997046801 A1 WO 1997046801A1 CN 9700035 W CN9700035 W CN 9700035W WO 9746801 A1 WO9746801 A1 WO 9746801A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
power generation
generation system
branch pipe
wind power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN1997/000035
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Yuze Chen
Yude Chen
Original Assignee
Yuze Chen
Yude Chen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yuze Chen, Yude Chen filed Critical Yuze Chen
Priority to AU23790/97A priority Critical patent/AU2379097A/en
Publication of WO1997046801A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997046801A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/131—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines by means of vertical structures, i.e. chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/24—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling for draft enhancement in chimneys, using solar or other heat sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind power generation system, and more particularly, to a wind power generation system that utilizes a temperature difference between hot and cold air and hot air to generate wind power.
  • the methods used for large-scale power generation are mainly thermal power generation, hydropower generation and nuclear power generation.
  • the disadvantages are high cost, low efficiency, and serious environmental pollution.
  • the methods used for small-scale power generation are mainly solar power, wind power, tidal power, and geothermal power. The problem is that their power generation is small and unstable, which cannot meet the increasing demand for power generation.
  • the tower cavity is partitioned into a ring-shaped channel by a huge airflow hood, and its cross section becomes rapidly smaller, and the speed of the airflow passing there increases further, thus generating strong winds.
  • 10 turbine generator units are evenly arranged along the surrounding direction, and they are rotated to generate electricity under the impetus of high airflow.
  • the height of the airflow power tower is 2400 meters, the diameter of the top is 274 meters, and the maximum output is 2.5 million kilowatts.
  • the required air flow during operation is up to 3,964,321 cubic meters per second, and the required spray water volume is 28.3 cubic meters per second.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generation system, which does not require a large amount of water and can efficiently use high and low temperature thermal energy to greatly reduce its power generation cost, its wind power is strong and stable, and its installed capacity can be selected according to needs.
  • the wind power generation system of the present invention includes:
  • Wind tower which is a hollow column, used to form a low-pressure space
  • a generator located outside the wind tower and coaxially connected to the turbine;
  • One or more heat spray holes are provided along the circumferential direction at the lower part of the wind tower; one or more sprayers corresponding to the heat spray holes are provided outside the wind tower, and are configured to pass the heat spray holes to the wind. Flame, hot air or hot water is sprayed inside the tower; one or more air inlets arranged apart from the heat spray holes are further provided at the lower part of the wind tower; and each of the air inlets protrudes outside the tower An intake pipe in which the turbine is placed.
  • the wind power generation system of the present invention includes:
  • Wind tower which is a hollow column, used to form a low-pressure space
  • a generator located outside the wind tower and coaxially connected to the turbine;
  • a resistance wire is provided at the bottom of the internal space of the wind tower, and both ends of the resistance wire are connected to the mains to use the heat released by the resistance wire to heat the air inside the wind tower, and a lower part of the wind tower is further provided with One or more air inlets; an air inlet pipe extends from each of the air inlets to the outside of the tower, and the turbine is placed in the air inlet pipe.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of a wind power generation system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a first preferred embodiment of the wind power generation system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second preferred embodiment of the wind power generation system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a second preferred embodiment of the wind power generation system of the present invention. Best Mode of the Invention
  • gas always flows from high pressure space to low pressure space, and from low pressure space to vacuum space.
  • the flow rate of the gas is the same, the smaller the cross-sectional area of the airflow channel of the pipeline through which it passes, the faster the flow rate of the gas.
  • the current thermal power generation system uses the above principles to generate electricity. 125,000 kilowatts
  • the work of a turbo-generator set is taken as an example: it uses fuel to turn water into high-temperature and high-pressure steam in a high-pressure boiler, and the steam is drawn out through two thick metal pipes with an inner diameter of 0.5 meters connected to the high-pressure boiler and the expansion type is used.
  • the nozzle continuously impinges on the steam turbine with steam with a kinetic energy of 600-700 meters / second and a steam flow rate of 400 tons / hour, causing it to rotate rapidly and drive a 125,000 kilowatt generator to generate electricity continuously.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a wind power generation system according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a top view of the preferred embodiment of the wind power generation system of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the wind power generation system of the present invention includes: a wind tower 1, which is hollow and cylindrical and is used to form a low-pressure space. The diameter of the bottom of the wind tower may be greater than or equal to the diameter of the top thereof.
  • the lower part is provided with 10 heat spray holes 12 penetrating through the wall of the wind tower, and 10 spray machines 18 corresponding to each heat spray hole are arranged outside the wind tower for spraying flames into the interior of the wind tower 1 through the heat spray holes 12 Hot air or hot water;
  • 10 air inlets 2 spaced apart from the heat spray holes 12, an air inlet pipe 5 is protruded from each air inlet 2 to the outside, and the turbine 4 is placed in In the intake pipe 5, each turbine is coaxially connected with a generator 15 located outside the intake pipe.
  • the operating principle of the wind power generation system of the present invention is described as follows: Use of gas or liquid fuels such as hydrogen, natural gas, coal gas, liquefied gas, petroleum, and other fuels, or use of geothermal gas, Hot water, steam, waste hot water emitted by industry, waste heat (waste heat), hot air obtained by electricity or solar energy, hot water and other available high and low temperature heat energy are injected into hot gas tanks installed outside the wind tower, hot water In the tank or hot pool, the fuel, hot gas, or hot water is piped to the ejector 18 by a pump, and the flame, hot gas, or hot water is injected into the wind tower through the ejector hole 12 by the ejector 18, so that the heat released by the ejector 18 The lower air inside the wind tower 1 is heated, so that the heated air flows from the lower part to the upper part of the wind tower 1 to form hot air, and the air pressure inside the wind tower 1 is reduced to form a low-pressure space inside the wind tower.
  • gas or liquid fuels such
  • the wind tower 1 There is a certain temperature difference and convection between the internal and external air, so that the wind tower with a higher air pressure] unheated air outside Through the interior of the intake pipe 5 to the wind tower, cold air formed in the intake pipe 5.
  • the hot air in the wind tower 1 is continuously discharged into the atmosphere through the hot air vent at the top of the wind tower 1, and the air outside the wind-tower 1 is continuously injected into the wind tower 1 through the intake pipe 5, so that a certain amount of air is formed in the intake pipe 5.
  • Air velocity When the speed of the airflow reaches a predetermined value, it can push The turbine 4 located in the intake pipe 5 rotates at a certain speed, thereby driving the generator 15 coaxially connected thereto to generate electricity.
  • the speed of the air flow in the intake pipe 5 can be controlled, thereby controlling the turbine generator 15 Power generation.
  • the wind power generation system in this embodiment of the present invention may further include: a safety pipe 3 corresponding to each of the intake pipes 5, a first end of which is connected to the intake pipe 5, a second end of which is directly above or obliquely above, and has a length And the direction is sufficient to ensure the safety of people or animals near the second end.
  • a filter 8 is provided at a port on the second end of the safety pipe 3 for filtering foreign matters in the air to ensure the cleanness of the airflow passing through the turbine 4.
  • An opening 9 may be provided on a side of the first end of the safety pipe 3 opposite to the air inlet pipe 5 for discharging water injected into the safety pipe 3 due to rain.
  • each intake pipe 5 of the wind power generation system of this embodiment is divided into a first branch pipe 51 and a second branch pipe 52 at a certain distance outside the wind tower.
  • a turbine 4 is respectively placed, and the first branch pipe 51 and the second branch pipe 52 of the adjacent intake pipe 5 on one side are merged together and connected to the safety pipe 3.
  • the second branch pipe 52 merges with the first branch pipe 51 "of the intake pipe 5" on the other side, and is connected to the safety pipe 3, and each of the safety pipes 3, 3 is far from the second pipe of the intake pipe 5, 5 ', 5 ".
  • a filter 8 is provided at each end port.
  • the remaining air intake pipes are also arranged in this way. The advantage of this arrangement is that under a certain number of generators, the number of air intake pipes can be reduced, and at the same time, If one or more turbines or generators need to be repaired or overhauled, it will not affect the operation of the remaining units.
  • the intake pipes 5, 5, 5 "of the wind power generation system of this embodiment can be divided into an expanded nozzle 6 a and a straight pipe 6 b, and the expanded nozzle 6 a is separated from the intake pipe 5
  • the end connected to the safety pipe 3 to the intake pipe 5 near the turbine 4 is an expanded nozzle structure, that is, the cross-sectional area of the airflow channel gradually decreases as it moves away from the safety pipe 3, and the straight pipe 6b passes from the turbine 4 in the intake pipe 5. It is close to the safety pipe 3—side to the wind tower air inlet 2.
  • the air intake pipe 5 of the wind power generation system of the present invention can be installed on the ground plane according to actual needs, or it can be installed below or part of the ground plane. Set below the ground plane.
  • the wind power generation system of the present invention further includes a movable gate 10 provided in the intake pipe 5 and located on the side of the turbine 4 near the air inlet 2. In the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS.
  • the gate 10 is arranged in the straight pipe 6b and is located on the side of the turbine 4 away from the expansion nozzle 6a.
  • the movable door 10 can be closed to ensure work Personnel safety without affecting the normal operation of other turbines and generators
  • the wind power generation system of the present invention provided with such a structure can be constructed on different scales according to the required power generation capacity and the amount of invested capital.
  • the following is a specific example of the practice of the present invention.
  • Wind tower 1 is a hollow conical cylindrical structure with a height of 600 meters, a diameter of 60 meters at the bottom, and a diameter of 40 meters at the top.
  • the wall thickness of the bottom of the wind tower 1 may be 1 to 2 meters, preferably 1.5 meters.
  • the top wall thickness can be 0.3-0.4 m, and preferably 0.35 m.
  • Ten gate-like air inlets 2 are equidistantly arranged below the ground plane at the bottom of the wind tower in the circumferential direction, each of which is 8 meters high and 5 meters wide.
  • the top of the air inlet 2 is 2 meters below the ground plane.
  • the inlet 2 is designed as a door to ensure the solidity of the bottom of the wind tower.
  • An intake pipe 5 is provided corresponding to each of the air inlets 2, and a turbine 4 is provided in each of the first branch pipe 51 and the second branch pipe 52 of the intake pipe 5.
  • the outer diameter of the safety pipe 3 is 26 meters, and the depth below the ground plane is 10 meters.
  • the air in the wind tower can be continuously heated to make the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the wind tower reach 7'C, high
  • the hot air 7'C outside the air tower rises at a speed of 10 meters / second in a 600-meter-high wind tower at a speed of 36 kilometers per hour, which is equivalent to a class 5 strong wind.
  • the rising flow of hot air in the tower is 28260 m3 / s (excluding thermal expansion of air).
  • the air flow rate from the outside of the wind tower through the intake pipe 5 into the wind tower is 28260 m3 / s
  • the air velocity at the first port of the intake pipe is 20.16 km. / Hour, equivalent to level 4 wind
  • the cross-sectional area of the airflow channel at the entrance of each expanded nozzle 6a is 20 square meters, a total of 20 expanded types Nozzle
  • the flow velocity at the entrance of the expanded nozzle 6a is 7 times the rising speed of the hot air in the wind tower, which can reach 70 m / s.
  • the flow The speed is 70.65 times the rising speed of the hot air flow inside the wind tower, which is 706.5 meters per second, so that the cold air flow with a weight of 1827 kg and a flow rate of 1413 meters per second can pass through the small-diameter end at a high speed
  • Straight pipe 6b is sprayed in at the same place, and the turbine 4 located in the straight pipe 6b is rotated at high speed, which can drive 20 600,000 kilowatts turbine generator sets.
  • the wind power generation system of the present invention may further include a water spray hole 1 1 provided on one or more intake pipes near the wind tower side, and a high-pressure water spray gun (not shown) located outside the wind tower.
  • a high-pressure water spray gun located outside the wind tower.
  • the water spray speed and water volume of the high-pressure water spray gun are appropriate, even if all the flame, hot air or hot water is stopped being sprayed into the wind tower, the heat required to heat the air inside the wind tower can be maintained, thereby maintaining the intake air.
  • the velocity of the air flow in the tube is at a certain level.
  • Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a second preferred embodiment of the wind power generation system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a top view of a second preferred embodiment of the wind power generation system of the present invention.
  • the wind power generation system according to the second embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment only in that a resistance wire 7 is provided at the bottom of the internal space of the wind tower, and two of the resistance wire 7
  • the terminal can be connected to the city electricity through Tongguan, and is used to heat the air inside the wind tower by using the heat released by the resistance wire after being energized. Therefore, the heat spray holes, sprayers, water spray holes, and high-pressure water spray guns used in the first embodiment are no longer needed.
  • the resistance wire 7 may be arranged in a spiral coil spring shape or a mesh shape, as long as the heat released by the resistance wire 7 is sufficient to heat the air inside the wind tower to a desired temperature.
  • the wind power generation system of the present invention has been described above by way of embodiments.
  • the present invention is not limited to the methods described in the embodiments.
  • the height and diameter of the wind tower of the wind power generation system of the present invention are not limited to the above data.
  • the height of the wind tower can be designed to be 800 meters or 1000 meters according to actual needs. 1200 meters or more, or 500 meters, 300 meters, 100 meters or less, etc., as long as the diameter and thickness and the design of the intake pipe are changed accordingly.
  • the temperature difference between the air flow inside and outside the wind tower is not limited to 7. This value can be set according to the required power generation amount and the condition of the heat source. However, the larger the temperature difference value, the faster the airflow speed in the intake pipe, the more The more electricity there is, the less electricity the turbine generator produces.
  • the airflow channel in the intake pipe can also adopt other shapes, as long as the solutions whose function is to control the speed of the airflow passing through them fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the number of ejectors used in the thermal power generation system according to the present invention may also be one or more than the number of ejection holes.
  • the heat emitted by the ejector can be passed from the ejector to each The spray pipe of the spray hole is sprayed into the wind tower.
  • the air intake pipe can also be installed with a filter directly at its inlet instead of being divided into the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe, or when the air intake pipe is divided into two or more branch pipes, a safety pipe can be directly installed at the entrance of each branch pipe. Or filter.
  • the wind power generation system of the present invention makes full use of the air pressure difference between the air flow inside and outside the wind tower, and uses an expanded nozzle type and a straight tube in the design of the air intake pipe, it can efficiently use high and low temperature thermal energy, thereby greatly generating power. Reduced, and its wind power is strong and stable, suitable for power generation systems of various capacities.
  • the heat source used by the wind power generation system of the present invention is basically not limited, so that industrial waste heat and other high and low temperature heat energy can be fully used to generate electricity,
  • the wind power generation system of the present invention can save a large amount of water and the electricity used to extract water, and save the trouble of processing sea salt, and more importantly, it can be greatly reduced under the same installed capacity.
  • the scale of the small wind tower is more extensive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de production d'énergie alimenté par le vent comporte des éoliennes, des générateurs et une tour à vent cylindrique et creuse. Un ou plusieurs dispositifs à jet de chaleur disposés à des intervalles correspondant à des ouvertures d'admission, sont prévus au niveau de la partie inférieure de la tour à vent. Un tube d'admission dans lequel l'éolienne est montée s'étend vers l'extérieur de chaque ouverture d'admission. Les dispositifs à jet de chaleur peuvent être remplacés par des fils chauffants prévus dans le fond de la tour. Ce système est plus efficace et plus économique.
PCT/CN1997/000035 1996-06-03 1997-04-28 Systeme de production d'energie a partir du vent WO1997046801A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU23790/97A AU2379097A (en) 1996-06-03 1997-04-28 Wind-powered energy producing system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN96117571A CN1165247A (zh) 1996-06-03 1996-06-03 风能——热力发电方法及其专用风塔
CN96117571.0 1996-06-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997046801A1 true WO1997046801A1 (fr) 1997-12-11

Family

ID=5124408

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN1997/000035 WO1997046801A1 (fr) 1996-06-03 1997-04-28 Systeme de production d'energie a partir du vent

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1165247A (fr)
AU (1) AU2379097A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997046801A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2848261A1 (fr) * 2002-12-05 2004-06-11 Alexis Asty Perfectionnements aux generateurs d'energie aerodynamique
AT510573B1 (de) * 2011-04-28 2012-05-15 Penz Alois Windkraftanlage
CN103233868A (zh) * 2013-04-10 2013-08-07 西安交通大学 一种低温太阳能和旋转风能综合利用装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009065245A1 (fr) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-28 Yuze Chen Système de production d'énergie à différence de température d'air
CN103058440A (zh) * 2013-01-17 2013-04-24 孔繁正 城市污水垃圾集中处理装置
CN104295450A (zh) * 2014-09-25 2015-01-21 潘国明 一种地塔炉式再生能源供热供冷发电装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3720840A (en) * 1971-10-06 1973-03-13 H Gregg Wind turbine generator with exhaust gas heater
WO1992008893A1 (fr) * 1990-11-10 1992-05-29 Steven John Peace Turbine eolienne

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3720840A (en) * 1971-10-06 1973-03-13 H Gregg Wind turbine generator with exhaust gas heater
WO1992008893A1 (fr) * 1990-11-10 1992-05-29 Steven John Peace Turbine eolienne

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2848261A1 (fr) * 2002-12-05 2004-06-11 Alexis Asty Perfectionnements aux generateurs d'energie aerodynamique
AT510573B1 (de) * 2011-04-28 2012-05-15 Penz Alois Windkraftanlage
AT510573A4 (de) * 2011-04-28 2012-05-15 Penz Alois Windkraftanlage
CN103233868A (zh) * 2013-04-10 2013-08-07 西安交通大学 一种低温太阳能和旋转风能综合利用装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2379097A (en) 1998-01-05
CN1165247A (zh) 1997-11-19

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