WO1994022179A1 - Agencement de raccordement de piles de cellules electrochimiques a haute temperature - Google Patents

Agencement de raccordement de piles de cellules electrochimiques a haute temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994022179A1
WO1994022179A1 PCT/EP1994/000875 EP9400875W WO9422179A1 WO 1994022179 A1 WO1994022179 A1 WO 1994022179A1 EP 9400875 W EP9400875 W EP 9400875W WO 9422179 A1 WO9422179 A1 WO 9422179A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
stacks
arrangement according
reaction gas
arrangement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1994/000875
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Kriechbaum
Original Assignee
Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1994022179A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994022179A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/243—Grouping of unit cells of tubular or cylindrical configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for connecting stacks of high-temperature fuel cells according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a fuel cell system in which the supply of reaction gas into the fuel cells is carried out by means of hoods or caps which are attached to the end faces and along the sides.
  • the cells are interconnected to form units that are electrically connected in series.
  • the space required for the hoods increases proportionally to the number of cells, which leads to a disadvantageous increase in the dead volume of such a system for a large number of cells.
  • Caps with these properties are very complex and take up a lot of space. Therefore, if stacks of comparatively small power are used to build units of higher power, the costs for the caps are high and the space requirement of the entire system is large compared to the actual stack volume.
  • the invention is based on the object of economically constructing arrangements of high-temperature fuel cells from comparatively small power units.
  • the stacks with the side into which the first reaction gas is introduced are directly connected to a gas supply space provided with openings.
  • the gas flows through the stack in a radial direction.
  • the second reaction gas is passed through a space which is formed by the adjacent walls of two stacks which lie in one stack plane. From such a space, this gas flows perpendicular to the first reaction gas only separated by a thin fuel element disc of the stack, also in the stack plane through the stack.
  • the second fuel gas is guided perpendicularly to the first fuel gas in a known manner, since it can be better supplied and discharged in this way.
  • the essence of the invention is that in one level n stacks are connected to a central gas guiding space, that several levels are stacked to form a column, in which the individual stacking elements lie one above the other and form gusset spaces through which the second reaction gas flows in and out can be dissipated. These interstices are closed to the outside and the corresponding gas flows run axially to the column formed by the individual stacks.
  • the gusset spaces are separated by preferably corrugated walls from an outer gas space in which the first reaction gas flows.
  • the individual rooms serve for the supply and discharge of the reaction gases, and it is therefore necessary that four types of collecting rooms are formed. In the arrangement according to the invention, this is automatically the case if the number n is an even number.
  • the radially flowing gas flows between the central, axially aligned inner distribution space and the outer distribution space between the outer shell of the column formed from the stacking levels and a jacket tube.
  • the number of stacks which are arranged in a stack plane is an even number, preferably 6.
  • the stacked levels stacked into a column are connected to each other in a gas-tight manner.
  • the central tubular structure is closed off at the top and bottom by a plate, as is the outer gas space and the gusset spaces between the stacks. In each of these rooms there is advantageously a gas supply or discharge pipe.
  • Stack assemblies made up of various stacking disks are terminated at the end of a row by conductive plates to which the power connections are fastened.
  • Gas connectors for the fuel gas and for the supply and discharge of air and exhaust air are attached to the front of the casing tube.
  • stacking tubes are made into a series in a manner known per se, i. H. preferably in two rows, put together to form a battery.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section through a stacking column
  • FIG. 5 shows the switching of a battery from individual stacking tubes.
  • Fig. 1 is a stack 1, z. B. 180 individual fuel cells, which are aligned perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, at a height of 10 cm, for example.
  • the fuel gas enters the stack via a feed pipe 20 and a gas connection piece (cap) 32 and leaves the stack oxidized to a certain extent via the cap 42.
  • the air or oxygen-containing gas enters the stack via the cap 22, the exhaust air leaves the stack on the opposite side.
  • a cap can be dispensed with if the stack is arranged in an envelope (not shown) from which the exhaust air can be drawn off.
  • the fuel gas enters the stack via a feed pipe 20 and a gas connection piece (cap) 32 and leaves the stack oxidized to a certain extent via the cap 42.
  • the air or oxygen-containing gas enters the stack via the cap 22, the exhaust air leaves the stack on the opposite side.
  • a cap can be dispensed with if the stack is arranged in an envelope (not shown) from which the exhaust air can
  • a high-temperature fuel cell is a flat element with an electrolyte, on one side of which an oxygen-containing gas and on the other side of which a hydrogen-containing gas is conducted. At the operating temperature, the electrolyte is permeable to oxygen ions, which combine with the ionized hydrogen to form water.
  • the electron deficiency which arises in this process on the oxygen side, the anode, is compensated for by an external circuit from the hydrogen side, the cathode, where there is an excess of electrons.
  • the electrodes also serve to feed the reaction gases; they are designed as bipolar plates 34, i. H. they have longitudinal grooves on both sides for the supply of one reaction gas each. One surface acts as an oxygen and the other as a hydrogen donor. The grooves provided for the gas supply are perpendicular to each other.
  • FIG. 2 A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 2. Thereafter, the 6 stacks 1, 11, etc. shown in section are connected with intermediate pieces 2 to form a gas guide tube 14, which has cutouts 8, 18 for the gas. With covers 4 attached on the outside, an envelope surface is formed. Stacks and covers are sealed at locations such as 7, 17, 27 and 37. In between there are openings 5, 15 through which the exhaust gas can exit the stacks. The air enters via room 6 and flows through the stacks to room 3. The central feed of the dangerous fuel gas through the channel 14 is essential.
  • the role of fuel and oxidant gas is interchanged.
  • the latter is fed through the central tube 4.
  • the direction of flow represented by arrows in FIG. 3, can also be easily reversed.
  • the central pipe 2 becomes the exhaust manifold.
  • the fuel gases oxidized except for a remainder leave the stacks through openings such as 5 and 15 and flow into the space 12 which is flowed through axially.
  • the exhaust air is discharged from room 3. In a further embodiment of the invention, this exhaust air can be drawn off axially from space 3 via connecting pieces (not shown).
  • the residual gas from the fuel gas streams can either flow away unused or be led into the space 12, which is formed from the covers 4 and a jacket tube 10. This residual gas can then also be removed axially and burned.
  • the tube 33 is used for the lateral supply and discharge of the gases, which can only take place in the other rooms via the end faces.
  • FIG. 3 An arrangement with 4 stacks per level is shown in FIG. 3 as a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the fuel gas flows from the fuel gas supply pipe 2 through the stacks 11, 21, 31 and 41 in the direction indicated by the arrows, the air flows from rooms 3 and 13 through the stacks into rooms 6 and 16.
  • the residual gas can be burned with air directly in space 6 between the corrugated covers perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and the casing tube 10.
  • holes 23, 24 are provided in the covers, the size and location of which are dimensioned such that the combustion takes place at a defined point.
  • the corrugation allows the thermal expansion of the arrangement perpendicular to the plane of the drawing without any tension.
  • Fig. 4 shows the series connection of stacks 11, 11 ', 11 ", 11'" in longitudinal section, the jacket tube is not shown in this drawing.
  • the stacks are electrically connected to one another via conductive plates 26, 26 ', 26 ". Also on the end faces of the tube, conductive plates are attached to the stacks, which serve to supply or discharge current.
  • the webs 34, 34 'and 34 "at the outlets 5, 5', 5", 5 '"in the cladding tube 4, through which the residual gases are discharged, are reinforced to the outside.
  • the stacks are sealed from the outside at the outlets with a material whose melting temperature lies between the operating temperature and the melting temperature of the stack material. This makes it possible to release this connection by heating and to take the stack out of the tube again. This makes it much easier to replace individual defective stacks.
  • the upper and lower cover plates of the cuboid stack are delimited by a circular section which ensures the form-fitting seal to the covers.
  • the end plates 25 and 25 'shown in Fig. 4 allow a very simple inflow and outflow of the gases.
  • openings in the end plates can be placed in such a way that the room 3 at the front (end plate 25) is open and the back (end plate 25 ') is closed, while the opening for the room 6 is closed at the rear, i.e. . H. attaches in the end plate 25 '.
  • This procedure also offers advantages in the case of 4 or more stacks in one level, since the openings in the front are now assigned to rooms 3 and 13, for example (see FIG. 3 and analogously to FIG. 2), while rooms 6 and 16 are on the top other side can be summarized.
  • These ceramic plates which have sufficient conductivity, also serve to discharge the battery current.
  • Connecting plates 26, 26 'and 26 are provided between the stacks, as shown in Fig. 4. These plates also serve both the gas flow and the electrical contact.
  • the outlet openings 5, 5 'and 5 "for the exhaust gas in the tube 4 are preferably narrowed outwards by the webs 34, 34' and 34" widening outwards.
  • Fig. 5 shows the assembly of stacking tubes into batteries; the stacks are arranged in rows of two, for example.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

Un agencement sert à raccorder des piles de cellules électrochimiques à des conduits d'alimentation de chaque pile en deux gaz de réaction. Un des gaz de réaction est un gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène et l'autre gaz de réaction est un gaz oxydant contenant de l'oxygène. L'agencement comprend un conduit central (14) d'amenée de gaz pourvu de surfaces plates de raccordement direct, et étanche aux gaz, des piles, sur lequel les piles (11, 11', 11'', 111''') sont agencées les unes derrière les autres. Le premier gaz de réaction s'écoule à travers le conduit central (14) d'amenée de gaz, alors que le deuxième gaz de réaction est amené à travers des espaces intermédiaires en coin (6, 16) situés entre les piles et les couvercles (4).
PCT/EP1994/000875 1993-03-19 1994-03-21 Agencement de raccordement de piles de cellules electrochimiques a haute temperature WO1994022179A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4308780.9 1993-03-19
DE4308780A DE4308780C1 (de) 1993-03-19 1993-03-19 Anordnung zum Anschließen von Stapeln von Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzellen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994022179A1 true WO1994022179A1 (fr) 1994-09-29

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DE (1) DE4308780C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994022179A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0637091A1 (fr) * 1993-07-24 1995-02-01 DORNIER GmbH Connection de piles à combustible
EP0742960A1 (fr) * 1994-02-04 1996-11-20 Ceramatec, Inc. Module constitue de piles a combustible
DE19606665A1 (de) * 1996-02-23 1997-08-28 Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh Anlage zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie mit Festoxidbrennstoffzellen
DE19645111A1 (de) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-07 Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh Raumsparende Zellstapelanordnung aus Festoxidbrennstoffzellen
JP2016520976A (ja) * 2013-05-30 2016-07-14 ニンポー インスティテュート オブ マテリアルズ テクノロジー アンド エンジニアリング， チャイニーズ アカデミー オブ サイエンシズ 固体酸化物形燃料電池発電システムにおけるスタックアレイ

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19517042C1 (de) * 1995-05-10 1996-12-05 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Brennstoffzellenanordnung
DE19636903C1 (de) * 1996-09-11 1998-01-02 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Brennstoffzellenmodul
DE19650901C2 (de) * 1996-12-07 1999-03-25 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Verbinden einer Leitung mit einem Brennstoffzellenstapel
ITMI20021939A1 (it) * 2002-09-12 2004-03-13 Nuvera Fuel Cells Europ Srl Generatore elettrochimico a membrana con assemblaggio e manutenzione migliorati
AT525448B1 (de) * 2022-06-27 2023-04-15 H2i GreenHydrogen GmbH Anschlusseinheit für Zellstapel

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JPS57182976A (en) * 1981-05-07 1982-11-11 Hitachi Ltd Fuel cell
JPS58161272A (ja) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 積層形燃料電池
JPS60235365A (ja) * 1984-05-08 1985-11-22 Fuji Electric Corp Res & Dev Ltd 複数セルスタツク燃料電池の構造
JPS62232275A (ja) * 1986-04-01 1987-10-12 Matsushita Graphic Commun Syst Inc 画像記録再生装置
EP0378812A1 (fr) * 1989-01-18 1990-07-25 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Agencement de cellules à combustible à base d'un électrolyte solide constitué d'oxyde de zircon stabilisé fonctionnant à haute température pour obtenir une puissance maximale
JPH0541239A (ja) * 1991-06-18 1993-02-19 Nkk Corp 高温型燃料電池モジユ−ル
EP0585049A1 (fr) * 1992-08-20 1994-03-02 Ceramatec, Inc. Module pour dispositif à conduction d'ions et disposition en étages

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US3994748A (en) * 1975-05-02 1976-11-30 United Technologies Corporation Method for feeding reactant gas to fuel cells in a stack and apparatus therefor
BE868387A (nl) * 1977-06-29 1978-12-27 Electrochem Energieconversie Batterij-eenheid, bevattende een of meer brandstofcellenblokken
GB2128013A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-04-18 United Technologies Corp Leaking manifold seal

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57182976A (en) * 1981-05-07 1982-11-11 Hitachi Ltd Fuel cell
JPS58161272A (ja) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 積層形燃料電池
JPS60235365A (ja) * 1984-05-08 1985-11-22 Fuji Electric Corp Res & Dev Ltd 複数セルスタツク燃料電池の構造
JPS62232275A (ja) * 1986-04-01 1987-10-12 Matsushita Graphic Commun Syst Inc 画像記録再生装置
EP0378812A1 (fr) * 1989-01-18 1990-07-25 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Agencement de cellules à combustible à base d'un électrolyte solide constitué d'oxyde de zircon stabilisé fonctionnant à haute température pour obtenir une puissance maximale
JPH0541239A (ja) * 1991-06-18 1993-02-19 Nkk Corp 高温型燃料電池モジユ−ル
EP0585049A1 (fr) * 1992-08-20 1994-03-02 Ceramatec, Inc. Module pour dispositif à conduction d'ions et disposition en étages

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 17, no. 334 (E - 1387) 24 June 1993 (1993-06-24) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 27 (E - 156)<1172> 3 February 1983 (1983-02-03) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 284 (E - 217)<1429> 17 December 1983 (1983-12-17) *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0637091A1 (fr) * 1993-07-24 1995-02-01 DORNIER GmbH Connection de piles à combustible
EP0742960A1 (fr) * 1994-02-04 1996-11-20 Ceramatec, Inc. Module constitue de piles a combustible
EP0742960A4 (fr) * 1994-02-04 1998-08-05 Ceramatec Inc Module constitue de piles a combustible
DE19606665A1 (de) * 1996-02-23 1997-08-28 Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh Anlage zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie mit Festoxidbrennstoffzellen
DE19606665C2 (de) * 1996-02-23 2003-02-27 Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh Anlage zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie mit Festoxidbrennstoffzellen
DE19645111A1 (de) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-07 Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh Raumsparende Zellstapelanordnung aus Festoxidbrennstoffzellen
DE19645111C2 (de) * 1996-11-01 1998-09-03 Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh Raumsparende Zellstapelanordnung aus Festoxidbrennstoffzellen
JP2016520976A (ja) * 2013-05-30 2016-07-14 ニンポー インスティテュート オブ マテリアルズ テクノロジー アンド エンジニアリング， チャイニーズ アカデミー オブ サイエンシズ 固体酸化物形燃料電池発電システムにおけるスタックアレイ
RU2644149C2 (ru) * 2013-05-30 2018-02-08 Нинбо Инститьют Оф Мэтириэл Текнолоджи Энд Инжиниринг Чайниз Экэдеми Оф Сайенсиз Пакет твердооксидных топливных элементов электрогенератора
US10141596B2 (en) 2013-05-30 2018-11-27 Ningbo Institute Of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy Of Sciences Stack array in solid oxide fuel cell power generation system

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